GLOSSARY
-अ
-a
(Arabic Numerals following definitions refer to Lessons.)
अ- अन्
अङ्गीकृ a-, an–negative prefix for nomi- angikr (8P) accept, agree to (20)
nal or indeclinable forms: un-, | अचिरान non-, without-, -less (14)
acirāt (ind)—shortly, soon (12) अकम्पनः
अजित akampanah (m prop)-name of a
ajita (adj)—unconquered (14) raksasa (20)
अञ्जलिः अकृत
anjalih (m)–gesture of reverence akrta (adj)—undone
or supplication made by plac अक्षरम्
ing the palms together (16) aksaram (n)-syllable, sound, अन.
word (15)
ataḥ (ind)—from this, hence, अगम्य
therefore (21) . agamya (adj)—to be avoided (9
verse)
ati (ind)—a prefix used with ad अग्निः
jectives and adverbs meaning agnih (m)-fire (15)
‘very,’ ’too,’ or ’excessively’ अग्निसाक्षिक
(13) agnisaksika (adj)—having fire for | | अति + क्रम्
a witness (22)
ati + Vkram (1P)—transgress
अति + पत् agra (adj)—first (19)
ati + Vpat (1P)-skip over
अग्रतः
अतीव agrataḥ-in front of (20)
ativa (ind) exceedingly, very (4) अङ्कित
अत्र ankita—marked (18 verse) atra (ind)—here, just now
अति
अग्र
436
अथ
अद्य
अत्रभवन्त्
अध्यापकः atrabhavant (m)—2nd or 3rd per-adhyāpakah (m)—teacher
son pronoun: he, you (verb al
अनघ ways in 3rd, term of extremere
anagha (adj)—sinless (22) spect) (11)
अनन्तरम् अत्यन्तम्
anantaram (ind)-after (9) atyantam (ind)—exceedingly
अनिलः
anilah (m)-wind atha (ind)—now, then (6)
अनिलात्मजः अद्
anilātmajah (m)—son of the wind, Vad (2P)—eat
__Hanuman (13 verse)
अनिवर्तिन् adya (ind)—today (13)
anivartin (adj)—not turning back अधिक
(20) adhika (adj)-greater (with | अनकथनम
पञ्चमी—greater than) (7 verse)
anukathanam (n)—account, tale अधि + कृ
(22) adhi + Vkp (8P)-authorize
अनु + कृ अधि+ गम्
anu + Vkļ (8P)—imitate adhi + Vgam (1P)—attain (9)
अनुगृहीत अधिपः
anugļhita (adj)-gratified, in adhipah (m)—ruler (16)
debted अधिपतिः
अनुचरः adhipatih (m)-king
anucarah (m) servant, attendant अधिराजः
अनुजः adhirajah (m) overlord, king (19) | anujah (m)—‘born after’ i.e., अधी (अधि+ इ)
younger brother (17)
adhi (adhi + Vi) (2A)-learn अनु + जन्
anu + Vjan (4P)—be born after अधुना adhunā (ind)—now, at present (11)
in
437
अनु + ज्ञा
| अनुवर्तिन् anu + vjñā (9P)—permit (9) anuvartin (adj)-obedient (20) अनुज्ञा
अनु + सृ anujñā (f)-permission (7) anu + Vsr (1P)-follow अनु + नी
अनु + स्मृ anu + Vni (1P)—conciliate, win anu + Vamp (1P)—recall, remem
over (11 verse)
ber (11) अनु + प्र + आप
अन्तः anu + pra + Vāp (5P)—obtain, get antaḥ (m)-end (16)
(22)
अन्तःपुरम् अनु + भू
antahpuram (n)-inner apartment, anu + Vbhū(1P)-experience, feel | esp., women’s chambers (14)
(4)
अन्तकः अनु + मानय्
antakah (m)-death (lit., “ender”) anu + mānay (forts of 317 + ___ (20)
- reassure (22)
अन्ततः अनु + या
antataḥ (ind)—finally (8) anu + Vyā (2P)—follow (11 verse)
अन्तरम् अनु + रञ्ज
antaram (n)-interior, inside; anu + Vranij(4A)—be fond of, like | अन्तरात् (ind)—from inside, from
out of (21) अनुरूप
अन्तर् + गम् anurūpa (adj) conformable, suit- antar + Vgam (1P)—insinuate
able (19)
अन्तर् +धा अनुरूपक
antar + Vdhā (3P) hide (9) anurūpaka (adj)—like, the same as
अन्तिम (21)
antima (adj)-final, last अनु+वद्
अन्त्य anu + Vvad (1P)-repeat
antya (adj)—final, last (20 verse)
(8)
438
अपि
अप्
अपूज्य
अन्य
अपहर्तव्य anya (adj) other (declined pro- | apahartavya (adj) to be abducted
nominally; see 5.7) (5)
(21)
अन्यथा
अप + हृ anyathā (ind) otherwise (19) | apa + Vhr (1P) abduct (21)
अन्यदा anyadā (ind)—another time api (ind)—also, too, even; question
marker, indefinite marker (with
ap (f pl only)—waters (22)
interrogative pronouns; see
6.19) (4) अपक्रान्त
अपि च apakrānta (adj) gone away (21)
api ca (ind)—moreover (9) अपण्डित apandita (adj)-unwise, foolish
apūjya (adj)—dishonorable (lit., अप+नी
not to be worshipped) (9 verse) apa + Vni (1P)-remove, lead
अप्रज away
apraja (adj)-childless (from अप + नुद्
अप्रजा; as बहुव्रीहि) apa + Vnud (6P)-drive away
अप्सरस् अपर
apsaras (f)—heavenly nymph apara (adj)—other, another (9, 17) (declined like a pronoun see 5.7)
अभयम्
abhayam (n)-security (19verse) अपराधः aparadhah (m)-sin, offence (13)
अभि + गम्
abhi + Vgam (1P)—approach (8) अप+ वद्
अभि + जि apa + Vvad (1P)-revile (8)
abhi + vji (1P)-win (8) अपवाहय् apavāhay (णिजन्त of अप + Vवह्)
अभि + ज्ञा
lure away (22)
abhi + Vjñā (9P)-recognize
अभिज्ञात abhijnata (adj) recognized, known439
अर्थः
अभि+धा
अयोध्या abhi + Vdhā (3P)—say, tell, name ayodhyā (f prop)-Ayodhyā, Dasa अभि + भाष
ratha’s capital city (5) abhi + Vbhās (1A)-speak, say अरण्यम्
अभि + भू
aranyam (n)—forest (7) abhi + Vbhū(1P) overcome (10) | अरिः
अभिभूत
arih (m) enemy (19)
अर्णवः abhibhūta (adj) overcome (10)
arnavah (m) sea, ocean (16, 22) अभि + षिच abhi + Vsic (6P)-anoint, conse
arthah (m) meaning (13) crate (17) अभिषेकः
अर्थम्
artham (ind)—‘for the sakeof’ (at abhisekah (m) consecration, coro nation (9); ablution, ritual bath
___end of compound) (20 verse)
(19)
अर्ह
अभि+ हन्
Varh (1P)—be fit, worthy; auxil abhi + Vhan (2P)—annihilate, slay
iary with infinitive forms, polite
imperative (13) अभिहत abhihata (adj)—slain, annihilated
(5 verse, 20)
arha (adj)—worthy
अलम् अमर amara (adj)-immortal (21);
alam (ind)—enough, sufficient;
with instrumental, ’enough of - (m)—a god
(15) अम्बरम्
अलम् + कृ ambaram (n)-garment (20)
alam + Vk? (8P)—adorn अम्बा
अलंकृत amba (f)-mother (irregular
संबोधनम्-अम्ब) (11)
| alamkrta (adj) ornamented (8
verse, 19 verse) अयम् ayam (pr)—this, that (see 19.1)
अर्ह
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अस्
अह
अल्पोदरी alpodari (f)—having a small belly Vas (2P)—to be (4)
(19)
असंशयम् अव+ गम्
asamayam (ind)-doubtlessly ava + Vgam (1P)—understand (6)
अवन्द्य
असिः avandya (adj)—not to be praised, asih (m)-sword
blameworthy (9 verse)
असुरः अव+बुध्
asurah (m)-asura, demon, titan ava+ Vbudh (4A)-understand (7 __ (21)
verse)
अवश्यम्
Vah (only in लिट्)-say, tell avaśyam (ind) certainly, neces- अहः
sarily
ahah (n)–day (see 21.3.g) अवाप् (अव + आप्)
अहम् avap (ava+Vap) (5P) obtain (22) | aham (pr)—I (4.46)
अष्टन astan (adj) eight (see 19.6) aho (ind)—“aha!” अशनिः aśaniḥ (f)—bolt of lightning (11)
-आ
अशोकवनिका asokavanika(1)-agrove of Asoka | आ + कर्णय
trees, scene of Sita’s confine
a+vkarnay (नामधातु)-hear (21) ment (22)
आकाशाम्
ākāśam (n)—sky (16) aśru (n)—tear (13)
आकुल अश्रुत
ākula (adj)-distressed, agitated asruta (adj)-unheard
(12); confused (22) अश्वः asvah (m)—horse
अहो
अश्रु
441
आक्रान्त
आदितः akrānta (adj)-occupied, taken aditah (ind) from the beginning
over (18 verse)
(17,22) आ + ख्या
| आदित्यः ā + Vkhyā (2P)—tell, relate (22) ādityaḥ (m)—sun (22)
आख्यानम्
आननम् ākhyānam (n)-story, episode (22) ānanam (n)—face (13)
आ + गम्
आनन्दः ā + Vgam (1P)—come (4) ānandaḥ (m)-joy, bliss (6)
आ + चर्
आ + नी ā + Vcar (1P)-practice (7) a + Vni (1P)—bring, fetch (17)
आच्छादित
आप acchādita (adj)-covered, envel- | Vap (5P)—obtain (7)
oped (19)
आ+या आ + ज्ञा
| a + Vya (2P)—come (7, 22) a + vjna (9P)-know; णिजन्त-or- |
आयुष्य der, command (21) .
āyusya (adj)—conducive to long आज्ञा
_life (22) ājñā (f)-order, command (9)
आ + र आत्मजः
ā + Vrabh (1Ā)—begin, undertake ātmajah (m)—son (22)
आरब्ध आत्मन्
ārabdha (adj)—undertaken, at ātman (m)self, Self (7 verse, 8); tempted
commonly used as reflexive.
आ + रुह आदरः
ā + Vruh (1P)—ascend (to) (15) adarah (m)—honor, respect
आ+दा
ārta (adj)-afflicted with (20) ā + Vdā (3P)–take, assume (21) आर्यः
आदिः
aryah (m)-sir (term of address; ādiḥ (m)—beginning (15) | lit., noble person) (11)
आर्त
442 आर्यपुत्रः
| आ + ह āryaputraḥ(m)—“my Lord"; hon- ā + Vhf (1P)—bring
orific commonly used by wife to husband
आवह āvaha (adj)—bringing, conveying
(common at end of compound) (14) आवेदित avedita (adj) made known (22)
आश्रमः asramah (m)—hermitage, ashram
(6) आ + श्रि ā + Vári (1P)—have recourse to, _be subject to (17)
आस् Vas (2A)-sit
Vi (2P)—go (18)
इतः itah (ind)—here; इतः. . .ततः
here…there (21); इतः…परतः here…elsewhere (7 verse)
इति
iti (ind)—quotation mark (4) इतिहासः itihāsah (m)—history, chronicle इदानीम् idānīm (ind)—now (7)
आसनम् āsanam (n) —seat (18)
induh (m)-moon (14)
आ + स्फुट्
इन्द्रः a + Vsphut (6P)—burst; णिजन्त
| indrah (m prop)-Indra (10); clap the hands on the chest, strike
(m)—lord of, best of (at end of
the upper arms (18 verse)
compound) (21)
आ+ स्था
इन्द्रजित्
ā + Vsthā (1P)—assume, have re
indrajit (m)—‘conqueror of Indra;’
_course to, take (21)
proper name of a rākşasa
इन्द्रियम् आहवः āhavaḥ (m)—battle (20)
indriyam (n)-sense, organ of sense
(14,22) आ + हू a+ Vhu (4A)-call, summon (12) |
443
इष्ट
इह
इव
उग्र iva (ind)—like, as (follows word | ugra (adj)—fierce, terrible (20) ___ to which it refers)(4)
उज्ज्वल इष्
ujjvala (adj)—shining (8 verse) Viş (6P)—desire, wish, want (8)
उत् + कृत्
ut+ Vkrt (6P)-tear to pieces (20) isuh (m) arrow (7)
उत्तम इष्ट
uttama (adj)-supreme, excellent ista (adj) desired (from Vis) (10)| (8)
उत्तर ista (adj) sacrificed (from Vyaj)
uttara (adj) later, superior; उत्तरम्
(n)—answer, reply (17)
iha (ind)—here (7)
उत्+ था (=उत् + स्था) ut + Vsthā (1P)—stand up (8) उत् + पत् ut + Vpat (1P)—jump up, fly
उत्पत्तिः ईदृश
utpattih (1) birth (20 verse) īdṛśa (adj) —such, of this kind (14)
उत् + पद् ईप्सा
ut + Vpad (4A)—be born, arise īpsā (f)—desire to get
उत्पन्न ईशः
utpanna (adj)—arisen, sprung up isah (m)—lord, Siva (19)
(13) ईश्वरः
उत्पादय् isvarah (m)—lord, god (21)
utpaday (णिजन्त)-stir up, arouse,
produce (20) -उ
उदकम् -u
udakam (n)-water (12)
उक्त
उदधिः
ukta (adj)-spoken, spoken to, | udadhih (m) ocean (14)
addressed (10)
444
उदरम्
उपम udaram (n)-belly (12)
upama (adj)—like, equal to (at end
उद् + आ + ह
of compound) ud + a + Vhr (1P) announce, call
out (21)
upamā (f)-similarity, simile (13)
उद् + दिश्
उप + लभ ud + Vdiś (6P)-point out (13) upa + Vlabh (1Ā)-attain (9) उद्दिश्य
उप + विश् uddiśya (ind)—with reference to upa + Vvis (6P)—sit (11)
(gerund of उद् + Vदिश) (13)
उपविष्ट उद् + भू
upavista (adj)-seated (19) ud + vbhū(1P)-arise, come to be
उपहासः (5)
upahāsaḥ (m)—satirical laughter, उद् + विज्
ridicule (15) ud + vvij (6A)—tremble (6, 17)
उपायः उद्+ह
upāyaḥ (m)—means, device, stra ud + Vhr (1P)—lift (5 verse, 6)
____tagem (21) उन्मत्त
उपास् (उप + आस्) unmatta (adj)—mad, crazy, drunk upās (upa + Vās) (2A)—wait upon,
(19); -h (m)-madman
serve (22) उपकारः
उभ upakāraḥ (m) assistance, favor ubha (adj)—both (21)
(11)
__-क्र
उपगत upagata (adj)—drawn near (18) उप + गम् upa + Vgam (1P)—approach (8);
attain (a state) (22) उप + दिश् upa + Vdis (6P) teach
ऋग्वेदः rgvedah (m prop) —theRgveda (19
verse) ऋते rte (ind)-except, with the excep
445
tion of … (with thing excluded | in द्वितीया) (22)
ऋषभः rsabhah (m)—bull; ‘best of . . .’
(at end of compound) (18) ऋषिः rșih (m)—sage, seer (6)
कण्टकः kantakah (m)-thorn; fig., ‘some
thing irritating’ (19)
कण्ठः kanthah (m)-throat (17) कत्थनम् katthanam (n)—boasting (18)
कथम् katham (ind)—how?
how is it…? (4) कथमपि (-चित्, -चन) kathamapi (-cit, cana) (ind)
somehow or other, barely
एक
eka (adj)—one (see 5.7) (5) एकदा ekada (ind)—once, one time (4)
एकमनः ekamanah (adj)-having an atten
tive mind (21)
ए
Vedh (1A)-grow (17) एनम् = तम् enam = tam (pr) (21)
कथ् Vkath (10P)—tell (22)
कथा kathā (f)-story (15) कदली kadali (f)—plantain or banana tree
एव
(14)
eva (ind) emphatic particle,em
phasizes preceding word (6)
कदा
kadā (ind)—when?
एवम् evam (ind)—thus, in this way (4);
एवंरूपम् (idiom) of such kind, of such a sort (20); एवंविध (adj) of such a sort
कन्दरम् kandaram (n)-cave (17) कन्या kanyā (f) daughter (7)
446
कपिः
| कर्मन् kapih (m)-monkey (13, 18 verse) | karman (n)-action, religious ac
कबन्धः
tivity, grammatical object (8) kabandhah (m prop)-Kabandha, | कल्मषम्
name of rāksasa (22)
kalmasam (n)-moral taint (22)
कमलम्
कल्यम् kamalam (n)-lotus (16)
kalyam (ind)—at daybreak (21)
कम्प
कवचः Vkamp (1Ā)-tremble (6) kavacaḥ (m)—armor (18)
कम्पनम्
कविता kampanam (n)-trembling, shak- kavitā (f)—poetry (15)
ing (21)
काकः कम्पित
kākah (m)—crow kampita (adj) trembling (21)
काकुत्स्थः कर
kākutsthaḥ (m)—Kākutstha, epi kara (adj;f-$)—who or what does, thet of Rāma (20)
makes, or causes (generally at
काञ्चन end of compound) (20 verse);
kāñcana (adj)-golden (21) करः (m)—hand
कामः करुणा
kāmaḥ (m)-desire (15) karuņā (f)—pity, compassion (12)
कामदेवः कर्तृ
kāmadevaḥ (m)—Kāma, the god kartr (adj) done, made (10)
of love (19) करेणुः
कामरूपिन् karenuh (m)-elephant (19) kāmarūpin (adj)—taking any form कर्कश
at will (19) karkasa (adj)-rough, harsh (16) | कामिन् कर्णः
kamin (m)-lover (21)
karnah (m)-ear (19)
कायः kāyah (m)-body (20)
447
कारिन्
| कुञ्जरः
कुत्र
किम्
कारणम्
कीर्तिः kāraṇam (n) cause, reason (15) kīrtiḥ (f)—fame, good name (11
verse)
kārin (adj)-agent, producer of, -
etc.
ku (prefix)—a prefix implying
कालः
___ ‘badness’ (19)
kalah (m)-time, death, the god of | T
death (5,21)
kunjarah (m) elephant (14)
कालेन
कुतः
kālena (ind) in the course of time
| kutah (ind)—whence? why?
(5)
काष्ठम्
kutra (ind)—where?
kāstham (n)-log (14)
कुप्
Vkup (4P)—be angry (7) kim (n. interrogative pr) who? | कुपित
what? which? (कः [m]; का [f]) | kupita (adj) enraged, angry (4) (see 6.3, and 5.5); किमिति (ind)
कुमारः why? (13); किंतु (ind) but, how
kumāraḥ (m)—boy (13) ever (5); किंपुनः (ind) how much
कुम्भः (more or less) (20); किम् (with in
kumbhah (m) pot (10) strumental of a noun)—what is the use of, what is the purpose of (cf. 4.42.b); किं बहुना ‘why con
kurūpa (adj)—ugly, deformed (19) tinue on’ (e.g., किंबहुना प्रलापेन कुलम् ‘what is the use of prattling on’) | kulam (n)-family (16) (9)
कुसुमम् किष्किन्धा
kusumam (n)-flower (8 verse) kiskindha (f prop) Kiskindha, Ja
कूज capital city of the monkeys (22)
(22)|vkuj (1P)-warble (15)
kiilt
कुरूप
448
क्रुध्
| कोमल Vkr (8P)—do, make, conduct, etc. komala (adj)—tender (16)
(5)
कौतूहलम् कृत्
kautūhalam (n) curiosity (13) krt (adj)-doer, causer (from vकृ, कौसल्या
see 12.17)
kausalyā (f prop)—Kausalyā, Rā कृतयुगम्
ma’s mother (11) krtayugam (n)—the golden age of | क्रीड्
the world (22)
Vkrīd (1P)-play, amuse oneself कृते
(18 verse,21)
krte (ind)-on account of, for the | क्रीडा
sake of (used with genitive or at | krida (f)-play, sport (12)
end of compound) (12,17) कृप
Vkrudh (4P)—be angry, become Vkļp (17)—be arranged
angry (7) केयूरः keyūraḥ (m)—a bracelet, an arm- kruddha (adj)—angry
let (8 verse) केवलम्
krūra (adj)cruel, terrible (12) kevalam (ind) only (12)
क्रोधः कैकेयी
krodhaḥ (m)—anger (13) kaikeyi (f prop)—Kaikeyī, Bha
rata’s mother (11)
kva (ind)—where? कैलासः kailasah (mprop)—Kailasa, name |
ksanah (m)—a moment, instant of Siva’s mountain home कोकिलः
क्षत्रियः kokilah (m)-Koil, Indian cuckoo
ksatriyah (m) Ksatriya, a mem (15)
ber of the warrior class कोपः kopaḥ (m)—anger, rage (14)
क्रूर
| क्व
क्षणव
(11)449
–
खगः
| खर
क्षिप्
क्षम् Vksam (1A)-forgive, pardon
-kh
क्षम kşama (adj)—able, competent (9);
khagah (m)—bird (12) favorable, suitable (21)
खगः क्षमा
khadgah (m) sword (19) kşamā (f)—tolerance
खन् ksayah (m) destruction (18)
| Nkhan (1P) –dig
खम्
Vksi (1P)-decay, waste; क्षीय
. भीय | kham (n)-air, sky (12)
(कर्मणि) to waste away, fade (8 verse)
khara (adj)—harsh, cruel (20)
खरः Vksip (6P)—throw (20)
kharah (m prop)—Khara, a great क्षिप्रम्
rākşasa chief, brother of Rāvana
and sister of Surpanakha (19); ksipram (ind) quickly, immedi
ately (21)
(m)-ass, donkey (21)
खलु ksut (f)—hunger (22)
khalu (ind)-certainly, surely,
__now then (8 verse) क्षुब्ध ksubdha (adj) shaken (10)
खाद् Vkhad (1P)—eat
खादित Vkşubh (17)—shake, tremble
khādita (adj)— eaten क्षेत्रम्
खेदः ksetram (n)-field
khedah (m)-sadness, depression क्षोभय्
(13) ksobhay (णिजन्त of Vक्षुभ्) agitate,
cause to tremble (22)
क्षुत्
क्षुम्
450
गर्दा Vgarj (1P)-roar, bellow (22) गर्जनम्
garjanam (n)—thunder (10) -ga (adj)-going, moving (in, on,
गर्दभः __to) (from /गम् ; see 12.18) (12)
gardabhah (m)-donkey (18) गङ्गा
गर्वित gangā (f prop)—Ganges, name of
a famous river (18)
garvita (adj)-proud (8)
गणः
गात्रम्
ganah (m)-host, entourage (22);in
gātram (n)—limb (7, 18 verse) grammar-conjugational class FIR:
girih (m)-mountain (21)
गजः
गिरिराजपुत्री gajah (m) elephant (18) girirājputri (f)—‘daughter of the
गत
king of the mountains,’ i.e.,
Parvati (19) gata (adj)-gone (7)
गीत गतिः gatih (f)-way, “alternative,” state
gīta (adj)—sung of existence, condition (6, 20| गीता verse)
gītā (f)—song गन्धर्वः
गुणः gandharvah (m) a kind of celes- gunah (m) excellence, quality,
tial being (20)
___virtue (5, 11 verse) गम् vgam (1P)—go (4)
guru (adj)-heavy (8); -uh (m)
गमनम्
teacher gamanam (n)-going (13) गुहा
गरुडः
guhā (f) cave, cavern (18, 22)
garudah (m prop)-Garuda, | गृध्रः ।
mythical bird, Visnu’s mount grdhrah (m)-vulture (22)
451
गहम्
grham (n)—house, home (4)
गृहस्थः grhasthah (m)—householder
ca (ind) and
Vgai (1P)—sing (10, 18 verse)
चक्षुः
cakṣuḥ (n)-eye (9) गोदावरी godāvari (f prop)—Godāvari,
चतुर् ()
name of a river (19)
catur (h) (adj)—four (see 19.6)
गोविन्दः
चतुर्थ
govindah (m prop)-Govinda,
caturtha (adj)-fourth (17) name of Krşņa
चतुर्दश गोष्पदीक
caturdaśa (adj)—fourteen (15) gospadikr (च्चि प्रत्यय)—to turn into | चतष्टयम्
a cow’s hoofprint (13 verse) catustayam (n)-foursome, set of
four (5)
Pat
)
gau (f)-cow (for declension see / चन
21.3)
cana (ind)–(indefinite marker, गौतमः
see 6.19)
gautamaḥ (m prop)—Gautama, ergo
name of a famous sage (10) candrah (m)-moon (8 verse, 16) ग्रह → गृह्णाति
चमः grah — gļhņāti (9P)—seize, grasp camūḥ (f)—army (5 verse, 18)
(16)
चर्
Vcar (1P)-move, walk (15) grīvā (f)—throat, neck
चरितम् caritam (n)—adventure, life story
ग्रीवा
घ
(4)
-gh
चल Vcal (1P)—move
घोर ghora (adj)—terrible (12)
452
चुर्
चलित
चुम्बित calita (adj)—moved
cumbita (adj) kissed चापः cāpah (m)—bow (8)
vcur (10P) steal चारिन्
चेत carin (m)-roamer, wanderer (11) | cet (ind)-if (placed after the word चिकीर्षु
__to which it refers) cikirşu (adj) desirous of doing चेतः (18)
cetah (n)-intellect (9)
चित
cit (ind) (indefinite marker, see
6.19)
-ch
चिता
छिद् citā (f)-funeral pyre (10 verse)
| Nchid (7P) –cut, cut off चित्तम्
छिन्न cittam (n)-heart, mind (12); chinna (adj)-cut (14)
thought, will (20) चित्तलयः cittalayah (m)—‘mind devoted to’
(lit., “devotion of the mind”) with locative (5 verse)
-ज चिन्त
-ja (adj)—born from, produced (at Vcint (10P)—think, consider (4) |
end of compound) (18)
चिन्ता
जगत् cintā (f)-care, anxiety, wory (7)
jagat (n)-world, universe (6
verse, 20 verse) चित्र
जटा citra (adj) spotted, speckled (21)
jatā (f)—braided topknot, a sym चिरम्
bol of asceticism wom by Rāma ciram (adj)—long (of time) (14)
during his exile (22) चुम्ब् Vcumb (1P)— kiss (18 verse)
453
जन्
जटायुस्
जालम् jatayus (m prop)—Jatayus, king of jalam (n)-net, snare (12)
the vultures (20, 22)
Vji (1P)—win (9) Vjan (4A)—be bom, arise (irregu- | जिज्ञास
lar present stem, जाय) (14)
jijñāsu (adj) curious जनः
-जित् janah (m) person; as collective |
-jit (adj)—conquering (from VEST, noun-people; plural—folks
___see 12.17) (12) (4, 15)
जित
जनकः janakah (mprop)-Janaka, king of
Mithila (8)
jita (adj)-conquered, subdued
(14) जीमूतः jimutah (m)-cloud (20)
जनस्थानम् janasthānam (n prop)-Jana
sthāna, a portion of the Danda kāranya, headquarters of Khara
जीर्ण
(19)
जन्तुः jantuh (m)—creature, living being
(15)
jima (adj)-old, aged (10) जीव् Vjiv (6P)—live, survive (4) जीवित jivita (adj)—living (10)
जीवितम् jīvitam (n) life (21)
जन्मन् janman (n) birth (14)
जरा jarā (f) old age (16) जलम् jalam (n)-water (16)
VjF (1P)—waste away, age (10) जेतृ jetr (m)-victor, conqueror (10)
-ज्ञ
जात jāta (adj)—born, arisen (13)
-jña (adj)—knowing (from Fil; see | 12.18) (12)
454
ज्ञा
तथा Vjñā (9P)—know (6)
tathā (ind)—thus
ज्ञानम्
तथापि jñānam (n)—knowledge (12) tathāpi (ind)—even so (8) ज्येष्ठ
तदनन्तरम् jyestha (adj)—eldest (5) tadanantaram (ind)—after that (9)
ज्वरः
तदा jvarah (m)-feverish disease (22) tadā (ind)—then (6)
तनयः ज्वल Vjval (1Ā)—shine (21)
tanayaḥ (m)—son (15)
तनया ज्वलनः jvalanah (m)-fire (22)
tanaya (f)-daughter (15)
तप
Vtap (1P/A)—burn, be hot, suffer,
especially undergo or practice
religious austerities झटिति
तपः jhatiti (ind)—at once
tapah (n)-austerity, asceticism
(9) तपस्विन tapasvin (m;f-fa-it-ascetic (12)
तरुण tat (pr n)—this, that (6)
taruna (adj)-young (18 verse)
ततः
तर्हि tatah (ind)—hence, then (5) | tarhi (ind)—then (6)
तत्त्वम्
तलम् tattvam (n) truth (21)
talam (n)-surface, plane (12) तत्र
तस्करः tatra (ind)—there, in that place (4) | taskarah (m)—thief (22)
-jh
तत्
455
तुष्
तुष्ट
तात:
तुल्य tatah (m)-1) father, 2) a term of | tulya (adj) equal (19)
affection applied to any person, but usually to inferiors or jun
| Vtus (4P)—be happy (8) iors, ‘my child,’ ‘my son,’ dear one,’ etc. (14)
tusta (adj)—content, happy (8) तादृश tadrsa (adj) such (12)
तृणम्
tīņam (n)-blade of grass, a straw, तापसः
often used metaphorically for tāpasaḥ (m)—ascetic (20)
something of little consequence तारा
or value (8) tārā (f prop)-Tārā, queen of the
तृप् monkeys (22)
Vtrp (4P/A)—be satisfied (19) ताराधिपः
तृष्णा tārādhipah (m)—lord of the stars,
trsna (f)-desire, craving (11 the moon
___verse, 18 verse)
तावत्
tāvat (ind)—so long, to the extent
that, meanwhile (6)
तीरम्
Vtr (1P) cross over तेजः tejah (n) splendor (9)
tīram (n)-bank, shore (22)
तीक्ष्ण tiksna (adj)-sharp (4)
तेजस्विन्
tejasvin (adj; f-इनी) glorious (18) तोयम् toyam (n)—water (16)
tu (ind)—but (11)
त्रस्त
trasta (adj)—frightened (20)
tunga (adj)—tall (21) तुरंगमः turamgamah (m)—horse
tri (adj)-three (see 19.6)
456
त्रैलोक्यम्
त्रिलोचनः
| दंश् → दशति trilocanaḥ (m)-having three Vdams — daśati (1P)—bite
eyes,’ epithet of Siva
dasa (adj)—ten (see 19.6) trailokyam (n)—the three
दशग्रीवः worlds’: heaven, earth, hell; the
daśagrīvaḥ (m)—‘having ten universe (22)
necks,’ epithet of Rāvaņa (19) त्यक्त
दशबलः tyakta (adj)—abandoned (10)
dasabalah (m)—‘having ten pow त्यज
ers,’ epithet of the Buddha Vtyaj (1P)—abandon (10)
दशरथः त्वम्
dasarathah (m prop)—Dasaratha, tvam (pr)—you (4)
Rāma’s father (4)
दष्ट
dasta (adj)—bitten
दह
-द
Vdah (1P)—bum (18)
-da (adj)-giving, causing, giving | दा
rise to (at end of compound) (14) | Nda (3P)—give (9) दग्ध
दानम् dagdha (adj)—burnt
dānam (n)-giving, granting दण्डकम्
दारः dandakam (n prop)-name of a dāraḥ (m)—wife, wives (occurs
forest (13)
only in plural) (21)
दारिद्रयम् datta (adj)-given
dāridryam (n)-poverty (6 verse, दया
- dayā (f)-compassion (11 verse) दर्शनम्
dāruņa (adj)—fierce, cruel, severe
(13) darśanam (n)-sight, view
दत्त
457
दासः
| दुहितु
दूतः
दिनः
Sorro
see
n
देवः
dāsah (m)—servant, slave (5 verse, | duhitr (f)-daughter (10)
- दिग्ध
dūtaḥ (m)-messenger, envoy digdha (adj)—smeared (20)
दूरम्
dūram (ind)—far, a long way (21, dinaḥ (m) day
- दिश् (दिक्)
दुषणः dis (dik)(1)-cardinal point, direc- | dusanah (m prop) Dusana,brother
tion, quarter (20, 22 verse) ___of Khara (19)
दुःखम्
दृश् duhkham (n) sorrow, misery (4) drs-see, seem, appear (non दुःखित
present form of 4D) (11) duḥkhita (adj)—unhappy (6)
devaḥ(m)-god, a title of respect दुर्गा
__ful address to a king (6, 10) durgā (f prop)—Durgā, name of
Parvati, Siva’s wife (15)
devi (1) lady, queen, goddess (6) दुर्जनः durjanah (m)-evil person (19
देशः
desah (m)-place, region (6) verse) दुर्मुखी durmukhi (f)-having an ugly face
dehah (m)-body (21 verse)
(19)
देहिन्
दुष्कृतम्
dehin (adj) having a body; (m)
duskrtam (n) evil act (4)
soul (21 verse)
दैवतम् दुष्ट dusta (adj)-vicious, uncontrolled |
daivatam (n)-god, divinity (22)
दोषः दुह् Nduh (2P)—milk
dosah (m)—fault, dis-advantage
देवी
458
द्रुमः
द्रव्यम्
धनुः dravyam (n)—thing, thing of dhanuh (n)—bow (9) _value, wealth (18)
धनुर्वेदः
dhanurvedah (m)-science of ar
Vdru (1P)—run (either of a person,
_chery (6) or of a liquid or melting solid) | धनुष्मन्त् (19)
dhanusmant (adj)—having a bow
(21) drumah (m) tree (18)
धन्य
द्वन्द्वम्
dhanya (adj)—fortunate (16)
dvandvam (n)-pair; (m) type of | धरा
compound
dharā (f) earth (12)
द्वारम् dvāram (n)-gate, door, entrance dharmaḥ (m)-law, duty, right द्वि (stem = द्व)
__ (12)
(number)—two, treated as an 34
stem noun, in dual only (see dharmacārin (adj)—righteous (22) 19.6.b) (9, 11)
Vdhā (3P)—to put or place (16) द्विजः
dvijah(m)—“twice-born,” brah
धान्यम् man, bird (6)
dhānyam (n)-grain (16) द्वितीय
धार्मिक dvitīya (adj) second (11)
dharmika (adj)—righteous (4)
धर्मः
धा
द्विष्
धिक्
Vdvis (2PIA)—hate
– -dh
dhik (ind)—particle expressing
anger or contempt (17) धीः dhih (f)—thought
धनम्
| Ndhr (10P/A)—bear, possess, as dhanam (n)—wealth (9 verse, 16)
| sume (8 verse)459
धृष्
नन्दनः Vdhțs (5P)—be bold, courageous | nandanah (n)—causer of joy (16)
(20)
नन्दिः धैर्यम्
nandih (m prop)-Nandi (or dhairyam (n) fortitude, courage ____Nandin), Siva’s bull (19)
(20)
नन्दिग्रामः ध्या
nandigrāmah (m prop)-Nandi Vdhyā (4A)-meditate
grāma, village outside Ayodhyā ध्यानम्
where Bharata, acting as regent,
dhyānam (n) meditation (7)
awaited Rāma’s return (22)
नन्दित
Vdhyai (4P)—be rapt in thought
nandita (adj)—overjoyed (11) (22)
नम् Vnam (1P)—bow, bend (10)
नमः namah (n) reverence, homage (5
verse, 9)
ध्यै
ܢܢܼܲ
ܒܼܲ
…
.
na (ind)-negative particle (4) नगरम् nagaram (n) city (10)
नत nata (adj)—bowed, bent (10)
नयनम् nayanam (n)-eye (14)
नरः narah (m)—man (17, 18 verse)
नरकः narakah (m)—hell (17)
नद्
नलः
Vnad (1P) roar (19) नदी nadi (f) river (19)
नद्ध naddha (adj)—bound (10)
nalah (m prop)—Nala, a monkey,
chief architect of the bridge whereby Rāma’s forces crossed the sea to Lankā (22)
नन्द Vnand (1P)—rejoice (18 verse)
नवन् navan (adj)-nine ( see 19.6)
460
नव
(4)
नष्ट
नह
(4)
निः + श्वस् nava (adj)—new (21 verse) niḥ + Vớvas (2P)—sigh (15)
नश्
निःसपत्न Vnaś (4P)—perish, be destroyed niḥsapatna (adj)-having no rival
(19)
नि + क्षिप् nasta (adj)-ruined, destroyed (6) | ni + Vksip (6)—throw down, en
trust, place (9) Vnah (4P)—bind (10)
नि+ ग्रह
नादः
ni + Vgrah (9P)—imprison (16) nādaḥ (m)-roar (15 verse, 22) नित्यम्
नाम
nityam (ind)—always, constantly nāma (ind)—“by name,” namely
__ (21)
नि+ दर्शय्
नामधेयम्
ni + Vdarsay (णिजन्त of नि+Vदृश)
nāmadheyam (n)-name (5)
___show, point out (18)
निद्रा नामन्
nidra (f)-sleep (12) nāman (n)-name (8)
निन्द् नायक:
Vnind (1P)—blame, revile nayakah (m) leader (17) नारी
निन्दित
nindita (adj)-blamed, reviled nari (f)-woman (6)
नि+ पत् नाशकः nāśakah (m) destroyer (21)
ni + Vpat (1P)—fall, sink down
(18) नासा nasa (1)—nose (19)
निपुण
nipuna (adj) clever (6) निः
निमग्न nih (ind)—without, devoid of (only as first member of compound)
nimagna (adj)—sunk (10)
(14)
461
नि + युज
| vented (णिजन्त—निवारय्) (19) ni + vyuj (7P)-install, appoint | निवत
(with चतुर्थी or सप्तमी विभक्ति) (17
ni + Vvrt (14) turn back (20) verse)
नि+ शम् नियोजित
ni + Všam (4P)-hear, listen (20) niyojita (adj)—appointed (20)
निशाचरः नि + रुह
nisacarah (m)—lit., night-roamer,’ ni + Vruh (1P)—climb up (18
arāksasa (5 verse, 7) ___verse)
निश्चित नि + रूप
niścita (adj)-decided, settled; ni + Vrūp-perceive, notice (15)
(ind) certainly, surely (14) निर्गत
निषण्ण nirgata (adj) departed (7)
nisanna (adj)-dejected (12) निर् + गम्
नि+ हन् nir + Vgam (1P)-go forth (22)
ni + Vhan (2P)—kill निर्मनुष्य
निहत nirmanusya (adj)-devoid of | nihata (adj)-slain (19)
people, uninhabited निर्वासित
Vni (1P)—lead (10) nirvasita (adj) exiled (17)
नील नि+ वस्
nila (adj)-dark, blue-black (20) ni + Vvas (1P)—live, dwell (20)
नीलकण्ठः निवासः
nilakanthah (n)—‘having a blue nivāsaḥ (m)-dwelling (21)
throat,’ epithet of Siva नि + विद् ni + Vvid (2P)—be informed Vnột (4P/Ā) dance (10)
(णिजन्त निवेदय्, with dative) (14, 19)
nrpah (m)—king (4)
नृपतिः ni + Vvr (5PIA) be blocked, pre- |
| nrpatih (m) king (13)
नृत्
नि+
462
नेत netr (m)-leader (10)
न्यस्त nyasta (adj)—set down (18)
पतिः patih (m) lord, husband (irregu
lar declension, see 21.3.b) (12) पतित patita (adj)—fallen
पत्नी
-p
patni (f)—wife
पत्रम्
-प
-प -pa (adj)—drinker (from 191 1P, patram (n)-leaf (8)
see 12.17)
पत्ररथः
patrarathah (m)—bird (20) -pa (adj)-protector (from vपा 2P, | पदवी ___see 12.17)
padavi (f) path; with अनु+ गम्
पच
follow in someone’s footsteps Vpac (1P) cook
(21)
पञ्चन्
पम्पा pañcan (adj)—five ( see 19.6) (19) pampā (f prop)-Pampā, name of
a lake, scene of Rāma’s first पञ्चत्वम् pancatvam (n)—fiveness,’ disso
__meeting with Hanuman (21) lution, death (20)
पयः
payah (n)—milk Vpath (1P)-read (15) पठित
para (adj)—other, highest (15); pathita (adj)—read
supreme (22); परतः (ind) else
पण्डितः
where (see इतः) (7 verse); परतर
panditaḥ (m)—wise man, learned
(adj)-greater than (with पञ्चमी)
___one (7)
(5 verse) (See 5.7.)
परम Vpat (1P)—fall (10)
parama (adj)-supreme (6, 17)
पठ्
पर
पत्
463
परमेश्वरः
| परिवृत parameśvaraḥ (m)- ‘supreme | parivrta (adj) surrounded (17)
lord,’ epithet of Siva
परि + व्रज परशुः
pari + Vvraj (IP)—wander (as a parasuh (m) axe (14)
mendicant)
पराक्रमः
परिव्राजकः parākramah (m)—valor (21) parivrājakaḥ (m)—wandering as पराजि (परा + जि)
cetic parāji (parā + Vji) (1P) conquer, RAISA
subdue (14)
Vparisāntv (10P)—calm, soothe परायण (पर + अयण)
(18) parayana (para + ayana) (adj) | परि + स्वज्
attached to, devoted to; (n)—last | pari + Vsvaj (14) embrace (15) resort or recourse (5 verse)
परिहासः परिघः
parihāsaḥ (m)—joke, jest (19) parighah (m)—iron bar, massive
club (20)
pari + Vhr (1P) avoid, shun (19 परिणामः
verse) pariņāmaḥ (m)—change, alter- uten
ation
parīkņā (f)—test परिणी (परि + नी)
परुष parini (pari + Vni) (1P)-marry (8)
parusa (adj)—harsh परि + त्य
परुषम् pari + Vtyaj (1P)—abandon (9)
parusam (n) harsh speech (22) परिपूर्ण
पर्णम् paripūrņa (adj)—full
pamam (n)—leaf (19) परिवर्तनम्
पर्याकुल parivartanam (n)—whirling about,
paryakula (adj) frightened, con change, reversal (12)
fused (21)
परि + ह
464
पर्युत्सुक
पादुका paryutsuka (adj)—restless pādukā (f)—sandal (18) पला +इ
पापम् palā + Vi (1Ā)-flee (conjugate pāpam (n)-sin, evil; (adj)evil,
like an “a” गण root from stem __nasty (11 verse, 12) पलाय) (7)
पापजनः पलितम्
papajanah (m)-sinful person palitam (n)-grey hair (18 verse) पापिन् पवित्र
papin (m; f -इनी)-sinner pavitra (adj)—pure, holy (22)
पारः पश्
parah (m)-lit., “far shore,” with Vpaś (4P)—see (used in present VITA excel at, fully compre
system only, see दृश्) (4) hend (6)
पार्थिवः Vpā (1P)-drink (15)
pārthivah (m)—king (5)
पार्वती Vpā (2P) protect (18)
parvati (f prop)-Parvati, Siva’s
पाचकः
wife pācakaḥ (m) cook
पाल
पाणिः
Vpāl (10P)-protect (11) panih (m)-hand; at end of com- | पालित
pound—‘having … in hand’ pālita (adj) under the protection (20)
of (22)
पाण्डवः
पाशः pandavah (m prop)—Pandava, | pasah (m)—noose (19)
descendant of king Pāndu
पितरौ पादः
pitarau (m nom dual of पितृ)_“el pādah (m)—foot (16 verse) lipticaldual” of मातृपितरौ, ‘mother पादपः
and father,’ parents
pādapah (m)-tree
465
पूज
पूजा
पीत
पितृ
| पुष्पित pitr (m)-father, ancestor (10, 19) puspita (adj) flowery (19) पिपासा
पुस्तकम् pipāsā (f)—thirst (18)
pustakam (n)—book (13, 15)
पिशाचः
piśācaḥ (m)-piśāca, type of de- Vpū (9P/A) purify (19)
mon पीडित
Vpūj (10P)—worship, revere (9
pidita (adj)-oppressed, afflicted
verse, 19)
(4)
pūjā (f)—worship, reverence (15) pita (adj)-drunk (as a liquid is) पूर्ण
pūrņa (adj)—full (10)
pita (adj)-yellow पीताम्बरः
pūrva (adj)-previous, former (de
pītāmbaraḥ(m)—‘having a yellow
clined pronominally, see 5.7)
garment,’ epithet of Vişņu
((ind)—previously; with पञ्चमी— before’ (15)
| पूर्वजः puccham (n)—tail (18 verse)
purvajah (m)—‘born-previously,’
elder brother putrah (m) son (4)
पृथिवी पुनः
prthivi (f)-earth (14) punah (ind)-again (4)
पीत
पुच्छम्
पुत्रः
Vpr (9P)—fill
purā (ind)—previously, long ago
(13)
पौत्रः
pautrah (m)-grandson (22) प्रकाशः
prakasah (m)—light (21)
puri (f)-city (22) पुरुषः puruṣaḥ (m)-man, person (6)
466
प्रकृतिः
प्रति + ज्ञा prakrtih (f) nature (18 verse) prati + Vina (9P)-vow, promise
(8) प्रख्यात prakhyāta (adj)-famous (19)
प्रतिज्ञात
प्रचोदित
pratijñāta (adj)—vowed, promised
(12) pracodita (adj)—urged (21)
प्रच्छ
प्रतिदिनम् Vpracch (6P)—ask (6)
pratidinam (ind) every day, daily
प्र+छद्
प्रति + नि + वृत् pra + Vchad (10P)—cover, conceal prati + ni + Vvịt (1Ā)-return (18)
(11 verse)
| प्रतिपत्तिः प्रजा
pratipattiḥ (f)-attainment of praja (f)-offspring, children, knowledge
people of a kingdomorrealm (5) प्रतिपादय प्रज्ञा
prati + pāday (णिजन्त of प्रति + prajñā (f)—intellect
196)-install (22) प्रज्वलित
प्रति + पाल् prajvalita (ad)—blazing (10 verse) prati + Vpāl (10P)—wait, watch,
प्रणयः
protect (18) pranayah (m)-love (22) | प्रति + वच् प्रति
prati + Vvac (2P)-answer (18)
prati (ind)-to, with respect to/ प्रति + सान्त्व्
(preposition with fariell); each, prati + Vsāntv (10P) calm, soothe every (as first member of अव्ययी- (18) भाव) (6, 14)
प्रति + स्था प्रति + गम्
prati + Vsthā (1P)-establish (18) prati + vgam (1P) –go back (9)
प्रतोदः प्रति + ग्रह
pratodah (m)-goad (19) prati + vgrah (9P)—take (18)
467
प्रत्यनन्तर
प्र + मुद् pratyanantara (adj)—being in the pra + Vmud (1P)—rejoice (22)
immediate neighborhood (20)
पत्याया (प्रति + आ + या)
pramudita (adj)-delighted, pratyāyā (prati + ā + Vyā) (2P)-| pleased (10)
come back to, return (17)
प्र+ यत् प्रथम
pra + Vyat (1Ā)—attempt, try, ex prathama (adj)—first (11) ___ert oneself (8)
प्रभावः
प्रयत्नः prabhāvaḥ (m)-power (8,9 prayatnaḥ (m)-effort (12)
verse)
प्र+ या प्र + भाष
pra + Vya (2P)–go (22) pra + Vbhāş (1Ā)—speak
प्र + लप् प्र + भू
pra + Vlap (1P)-prattle pra + Vbhū (1P)—be powerful
प्रलयः प्रभृति
pralayah (m)-cosmicdissolution prabhrti (ind)-starting from (at (21)
end of compound, after indeclin
प्रलापः able or पञ्चमी) (17)
pralāpaḥ (m)-prattling, talk प्र+मथ
प्र + लोभय् pra + Vmath (1P)—harass, tor
tor- | pra + lobhay (णिजन्तof प्र+Vलुभ) ment, annoy (21)
infatuate प्रमदा
प्र+ विश् pramadā (f)—a beautiful young pra+ Vviś (6P)—enter (11)
woman (20)
प्र+ वृत् प्रमुख
pra + Vvrt (1A)-proceed, take pramukha (adj)—foremost (17)
place (13) verse)
प्र + शास् प्रमुखे
pra + Vas (2P)-rule, reign (13) pramukhe (ind)-in front of, be
fore the eyes (21)
468
प्रश्नः
प्रातर् (=प्रातः) prasnah (m)-question (19) prātar (=prātaḥ) (ind)-in the
प्र+सद्
_morning (21) pra + Vsad (1P)—be pleased, ap- | प्राप् (प्र+ आप)
peased, be pacified (13) | prap (pra + Vap) (5P) obtain, re
प्रसन्न
_ceive, get, come, arrived (11,16) prasanna (adj)—calm (21) प्रापित प्रसादः
prāpita (adj) obtained, got (12)
prasādah (m)-grace, favor (6| प्राय
verse)
prāya (adj)—for the most part,
प्रसादक
generally, nearly (at end of com
prasādaka (adj)—propitiating (17
pound) (21)
verse)
प्रायशः प्रसिद्ध
prāyaśaḥ (ind)-practically,
prasiddha (adj)-famous (19
virtually
___verse)
प्रा + रम् (प्र + आ + रम)
प्र+स्था
prā + Vrabh (pra + a + Vrabh)
pra + vstha (1P)-set out (18)
(1Ā)—undertake
प्रारब्ध प्र+स्थापय् pra+ sthāpay (णिजन्तof प्र+ स्था)
prārabdha (adj)—prepared send, dispatch (22)
प्रासादः
prāsādaḥ (m)-palace (12) praharsah (m)-joy (18) प्रिय
प्र+हस्
priya (adj)-dear, beloved (6) pra + Vhas (1P)—ridicule (8) प्रियम्
प्रहृष्ट
priyam (n)-good or pleasant prahrsta (adj)-delighted (20)
___tiding (22)
| प्रीत प्राणः pranah (m)—the breath; प्रानान् +
| prita (adj) pleased (22) 12451"abandon life breaths,” | प्रे (प्र + इ) die (16)
| pre (pra + vi) die, depart (22)
प्रहर्षः469
प्रेक्ष् (प्र + ईक्ष्)
बन्ध preks (pra + Viks) (1A)-see, be- | Vbandh (9P)—bind (17)
hold (19)
बन्धनागारः प्रेरित
bandhanāgārah (m)—prison (10) prerita (adj) urged, impelled (21)
बलम् प्रेष् (प्र + इष)→ प्रेषयति
balam (n)-power, strength (17 pres (pra + Vis) → presayati (caus- | ____verse, 19)
ative, conjugated as 10P)—send,
बलवन्त _dispatch (6)
balavant (adj)-mighty (21)
प्रोक्त
बलिन्
prokta (adj) addressed, spoken to
(19)
balin (adj) —strong, powerful (20)
बहिः
Vplu (1A)-jump, leap (22)
-फ्
bahih (ind) outside (18)
बहु bahu (adj)—many (7)
बहुमत bahumata (adj)-respected
बहुवारम् bahuvāram (ind)-many times
-ph
(18)
फलम् phalam (n)-fruit (16) फुल्ल phulla (adj)—blooming (16) फेनः phenah (m)-foam (20)
बाढम् bādham (ind)—excellent, good
idea! (21)
बाणः banah (m) arrow (6)
-b
बाध्
बद्ध baddha (adj)—bound (17)
Vbādh (1A)-harass (7) बाधित bādhita (adj)-afflicted, oppressed
(6)
470
बान्धवः
ब्रह्मन् bāndhavah (m)-friend, relative | brahman (n)—Brahma, Absolute
(18)
Reality(9); (m)—thegod Brahma
बालकः
(12) balakah (m)—boy, youth (4, 17) | ब्रह्मघ्न
बाष्पः
brahmaghna (adj)—killer of brāh
baspah (m)-tears (14)
mans (20)
बिन्दुः
ब्रह्मलोकः
binduh (m)-drop, spot (18)
brahmalokah (m)-Brahma’s
world—the highest heaven (22) बीभत्सा
बाह्मणः bibhatsa (f)—repulsion
brahmanah (m)-a brahman (4)
बुध
Vbudh (4A)—be awake, enlighten
Vbrū (2P)-speak, tell (11) बुद्ध buddha (adj) awake,enlightened
(10); (m)—the Buddha
___-bh बुद्धिः buddhih (f)-wit, intelligence (11) भक्ष् बुद्धिमन्त्
Vbhaks (10PIA)-eat (19) buddhimant (adj; f -3teft)—wise
भक्षः (11)
bhaksah (m)-food (18)
बुभुक्षा
भगवद्गीता bubhuksā (f)—hunger
bhagavadgītā (f prop)—Bha बृहन्त
gavadgitā
brhant (adj)-great
भगवन्त् बोधः
bhagavant (adj)—blessed one (13) bodhaḥ (m)-enlightenment (20 भगिनी
verse)
bhagini (f)-sister (19)
भग्न bhagna (adj)—broken (18)
471
(9)
भाष्
भज्
ceiving truth), fortunate (20 verse) Vbhaj (1P/Ā)—worship (5 verse); have recourse to, betake oneself
Vbhā (2P)-appear, seem (13); to (18)
shine (22) भञ्ज
भारः Vbhanj (7P)—break (8)
bhārah (m)—load, weight, burden भण् Vbhan (1P)—say. (21)
भार्या भद्रम्
bhāryā (f)—wife (5) bhadram (n)—auspicious thing
भयङ्कर
Vbhās (1Ā)-speak, say (4) bhayankara (adj)-terrible, भाषा
fearsome (19 verse)
bhāsā (f)—description, speech भयम्
भाषित bhayam (n)—fear, alarm (16)
bhasita (adj)—uttered, spoken भरतः bharatah (m prop)—Bharata, one |
Vbhid (7P)—split (20) of Rāma’s brothers (5)
भिन्न
bhinna (adj)-split bhartr (m) husband, lord (10)
भिद
Vbhi (3P)—fear (7)
भवः bhavah (m)-existence, worldly
existence, the world (20 verse)
भीत
भवनम् bhavanam (n)-palace (13)
भवन्त bhavant (m)-you (polite form of
मध्यम pronoun)
bhita (adj) afraid (4) भीतिः bhitih (f)-fear (10)
भीम bhima (adj)—terrible (20)
भव्य bhavya (adj)—true, capable (of per
भुज् Vbhuj (7P)-eat (8)
472
| भोगः
bhogah (m)-sensual enjoyment
(16) भोजनम् bhojanam (n)-food (11)
Vbhū (1P)—be, become (4)
भूतम् bhūtam (n) creature, being भूमिः bhūmih (f)—land, earth (10) भूमिपः bhāmipah (m)-king (4)
भ्रम्
Vbhram (1P)—wander (19)
भष्ट bhrasta (adj) lost, destroyed
भूष Vbhūş (10P)—adorn
भ्रातृ
bhrātr (m)-brother (10)
-म्
-m
भूषणम् bhāsanam (n)-ornament (8
verse) भूषित bhāsita (adj) ornamented (18, 19
verse)
मक्षिका makșikā (f)—fly, mosquito (21)
मणिः
manih (m)-jewel (10)
भ Vbhr (3P) carry, bear
मत
मृत् bhrt (adj) bearing, carrying (at | mata (adj)—thought, considered
end of compound) (21)
मतिः भृशम्
matih (f)—mind (6) -bhrsam (adj)-extremely (14)
मत्स्यः भैरव
matsyaḥ (m)—fish (16) bhairava (adj)-terrible, fearsome
मदः (19)
madaḥ (m)—drunkenness, exces
sive delight (11 verse) bhoh(ind)—hail or greeting “hey”
मधुर (6)
| madhura (adj)-sweet (15)
473
महन्त्
मधुरम् madhuram (ind)—sweetly (15) mahant (adj)-great, large (11)
मध्यः
महापुरी madhyah (m)-middle, waist (19) | mahapuri (f)-great city (21)
मन्
(9)
m
महाबाहुः Vman (4Ā)—think (4); 41-4 (for mahābāhuḥ (adj)-great-armed
जन्त)—honor, esteem (11 verse) (22)
मनः
महीयते manah (n)-mind, mental faculty | mahiyate (नामधातु of महि [adj]
great)-rejoice to grow great
मनुष्यः
महोदधिः manusyah (m)-man, mortal (6) । mahodadhih (m)-ocean (22) मनस्विन
महोदरी manasvin (adj)—wise, intelligent mahodari (f)—having a big belly मनोहर
(19) manohara (adj)-charming, fasci
nating (21)
mā (ind)-negative used with im मन्दिरम्
perative and injunctive (see 19.18)
mandiram (n)-house, palace (17)
(11)
मांसम् मन्युः manyuh (m)—anger, rage (14)
mamsam (n)—flesh (20)
मरणम्
मातृ
maranam (n)-death, dying (18)
māt; (f)—mother (10)
मर्मन
मातुलः marman (n)—vital spot (20)
mātulah (m)-maternal uncle (17)
मानय् मशकः
masakah (m)—fly, mosquito
mānay (णिजन्त of (मन्) respect,
esteem (11 verse) मशकीकृ
मानव masakikr (च्चि प्रत्यय) to turn into |
a fly or mosquito (13 verse)
mānava (adj)-relating to Manu;
(m)-man, human (20)
474
मानुष
मिथुनम् manusa (adj)—human; (m)—man, | mithunam (n)-coupling, sexual
human (20)
intercourse
मान्य
मिथ्या mānya (adj)—to be respected, mithyā (ind)—unreal, false (9)
worthy of respect (11 verse)
मीमांसा मामक
mināmsā (f)-inquiry, Mimāņsā māmaka (adj)—belonging to me,
school of philosophy mine
मुक्त
mukta (adj) released, liberated
मुखम् mukham (n)-face (13)
मुच्
माया māyā (f)-illusion, magic (21) मायाविन्
mayavin (adj)-possessing माया, or
illusory power (22) मारीचः
maricah (m prop)-Marica, name
of a rāksasa (21) मार्ग Vmārg (1Ā)—search for (22) मार्गः mārgaḥ (m)—path, road (10)
Vmuc (6P)-release (20) मुदित mudita (adj)—delighted
मुनिः
muniḥ (m)—sage (6) मुहूर्तम्
muhurtam (n)-moment, instant
(20)
माला mālā (f)-garland, necklace (13
verse) मित्रम्
mitram (n)-friend (14) मिथिला
mithila (f prop)-city of Mithila
(7)
मूढ mūdha (adj)-stupefied (11) मूढमतिः
mudhamatih (m)-fool मूर्खः mūrkhaḥ (m)fool (4) मूर्च्छित mūrcchita (adj)—stupefied, sense
less (18)
475
मूर्धन्
मेदिनी mūrdhan (m)-head, forefront (of medini (f) earth (20)
battle) (20)
मैथिली मूर्धजः
maithili (f prop)-lady of Mithila, murdha jah (m)—hair, coiffure (8 | i.e., Sita (21)
verse)
मोक्षः मूषिकः
moksah (m)—liberation (14) mūşikaḥ (m)-mouse, rat
मोहः मूषिकवाहनः
mohah (m)-delusion (19) mūşikavāhanaḥ(m)—‘having a rat मोहित
for a mount,’ epithet of Gaņeșa
mohita (adj)-deluded (16)
मौनम् Vmr (1P) die (16)
maunam (n)-silence मृगः
mrgah (m) deer (4, 6) मृगशावकः
-y mțgaśāvakaḥ (m)-fawn (19)
मृत
mrta (adj)-dead (17)
sa
मृत्युः
mrtyuh (m)-death, (m prop)
god of death (21)
| yah (m pr)—who (relative) (6)
यज् Vyaj (1P/Ā) sacrifice (17) यज्ञः yajnah (m)—ritual offering to the
gods, a Vedic sacrifice (5) यत् (-द्) yat (-d) (n pr) what (relative) (6);
(ind)—used to introduce direct or indirect discourses, used with or without sta at the end (7,8)
Vmrs (4A)—bear, endure (22) मेखला
mekhala (f)-girdle मेघः
meghah (m)-cloud (21)
476
यत
| यदि
yata (adj)—restrained
yadi (ind)—if (6)
यशः
या
यतः
यदृच्छया yatah (ind)—whence, since (rela- yadrcchayā (ind)—by chance (19)
tive) (6)
यम् यत्र
Vyam (1P) control, give (11) yatra (ind)—where (relative) (6)
| यमः यथा
yamah (m prop)—Yama, god of yathā (ind)—as, like (relative) (6) death (12) यथाकामम्
यमलोकः yathākāmam (ind)—in accordance yamalokaḥ (m)-Yama’s realm,
with desire, at will (15)
death यथाविधि yathāvidhi (ind)-in accordance yaśaḥ (n)-fame
with custom (15) यथाशक्ति
yā (f pr)—who (relative) (6)
yathasakti (ind)-in accordance
या
.
with ability
Vya (2P)-go (15)
यथाशास्त्रम्
यावत् yathāśāstram (ind)—in accordance yāvat (ind)—so long as, to the ex
with śāstra
tent that (6)
यथासुखम्
यावज्जीवनम् yathāsukham (ind)-according to yāvajjīvanam (ind)—for the dura
pleasure (19)
tion of life यथेष्टम्
यावत्संवत्सरम् yathestam (ind) according tode-yavatsamvatsaram (ind) for a
sire, as you wish (21)
यदा
युक्त yadā (ind)—when (relative) (6) yukta (adj)—joined, fumished with
(19); proper
year
477
यौवराज्यम् yauvarājyam (n)-state of being
heir apparent (15)
युगम् yugam (n)—a cosmic era (19) युगान्तमेघः yugāntameghah (m) cloud gath
ering at the end of the cosmic cycle (20)
युज Vyuj (7P/Ā)—join (18)
रकारः rakāraḥ (m)—the syllable ‘ra,’ i.e., __the letter ‘r’ (21)
युत
yuta (adj)—endowed with (6); full
of, associated with (22)
rakta (adj)-reddened; (n -म्)
blood (14, 17)
युद्धम् yuddham (n)—battle (20) युध् Vyudh (4Ā)—fight
रक्ष
युध
yudh (f)—battle (20)
युयुत्सु yuyutsu (adj)—wishing to fight यूथम् yūtham (n)-herd, group (20)
Vraks (1P) protect रक्षः raksah (n)-rāksasa (20) रक्षक: rakṣakaḥ (m)-protector (6) रक्षणम् raksanam (n)-protection (7)
योगः
raghuh (m prop)—Raghu, ances
tor of Rāma
yogah (m)-yoga योगिन् yogin (m; f -5ft)—yogi योजनम् yojanam (n)-a unit of distance
(22)
रजतम् rajatam (n)-silver (21)
रज्जुः rajjuh (f) rope (17)
478
रणम् ranam (n)—battle (19)
राक्षसी rākşasi (f)—a rākṣasa woman, a
female demon (19)
रत
रम्
rata (adj)-delighted, attached 799:
(emotionally)
rāghavaḥ (m)-Rāghava, descen रतिः
dant of “Raghu" e.g., Rama (7)
ratih (1) pleasure, delight (11 | राज्
verse)
Vraj (1P/A) shine (19)
रत्नम्
राजकर्त ratnam (n)-jewel (13 verse) rajakartr (m) king-maker (18)
रथः
राजगृहम् rathah (m) chariot (17) | rajagrham (n)—Rajagrha, city of
Bharata’s maternal uncle (17) Vram (1Ā) enjoy, make love (21) 154 रमणीय
rājan (m)—king (8) ramaṇīya (adj)—beautiful (7) राजमणिः रमणीयता
rajamanih (m)-jewel among ramaniyatā (f)—beauty, charm
kings (5 verse) (18)
| राजर्षिः रमेशः
rajarsih (m)-sage-king, royal ramesah (m)—lordof Rama (Sita). I seer (12)
= Rāma (5 verse)
राज्यम् रहित
rājyam (n)—kingly rule, kingdom rahita (adj)-devoid of, missing
(5); राज्यं + (8PIA)—torule
(especially at end of compound) (16)
rāmaḥ (m prop)-Rāma
राक्षसः
रामायणम् raksasah (m)-rāksasa,demon (6) | ramayanam (n prop)—the Ram
āyana
| रामः479
रावणः
लक्ष्मणः ravanah (m prop)-Ravana, king | laksmanah (m prop)—Laksmana,
of the rākşasa-s (21)
___one of Rama’s brothers (5) राशिः
लक्ष्मी rasih (m)—heap, mass, collection | laksmi (f)-fortune, prosperity,
राष्ट्रम्
the goddess Laksmi (17) rastram (n)—kingdom (16) लक्ष्यम्
| laksyam (n) target (20) Vruc (1A)—be agreeable to (ob- | लङ्का
ject in dative) (14)
lanka (f prop) Lanka, name of
रुद्
Ravana’s capital (20)
Vrud (2P)—weep (17)
लङ्केश्वरः
रूपम्
lankeśvaraḥ (m prop)-lord of
rūpam (n)—form (literal and figu
Lankā, epithet of Rāvana (21)
rative), a beautiful body (19) लब्ध रूपिन्
labdha (adj)-acquired, gained rupin (adj; f -इनी) possessed of
form
लभ् Vlabh (1Ā)—acquire, gain (10)
|
(10)
लम्ब
renuh (m)- dust (19) रोगः rogah (m)-disease (14) रोदनम् rodanam (n)-crying (20)
lamba (adj)—hanging (12) लम्बोदरी lambodari (f)-potbellied (19) लय laya (adj)-sticking, clinging;
(m)-1) devotion, concentration,
- place of rest, abode
लवण lavana (adj) salty (22)
ल
लक्षणम् laksanam (n)-mark, sign, token
(11 verse)
480
लिख
| लोपय् Vlikh (6P)—write
lopay (णिजन्त of Vलुप्) neglect, लिखित
violate (18) likhita (adj)—written (15)
__-व् लिह
Vlih (6P—लिहति; 2P—लेढि)—lick
वंशः
Vli (4Ā)cling
vamsah (m)-race, lineage (12) लीढ
वक्र lidha (adj)—licked
vakra (adj)-crooked (21) लीन
वक्षः lina (adj)-attached
vakṣaḥ (n)-chest (20) लीला
वच līlā (f)-play, sport (8) Vvac (2P) —speak लुप्
वचः Vlup (67)—break, destroy; vacaḥ (n)-speech (13)
(लोपय–णिजन्त) neglect, violate
वचनम् (18)
vacanam (n)-speech, words (5) लेशम्
वजूम् lesam (n)—little, small bitor por
vajram (n)—thunderbolt, Indra’s tion (10)
weapon (12) लोकः
वत् lokaḥ (m)—world; host, army,
vat (ind)—like (at end of com people (9, 21)
pound) (12) लोचनम्
वत्सः locanam (n) eye (13)
vatsah (m)-calf, son; in voca लोपः
tive-term of endearment, “my lopah (m)-loss, damage, viola- dear child” (16)
tion (18)
वद् | Nvad (1P)— speak (4)
481
वदनम्
वलिः vadanam (n)-face (15)
valih (m)-wrinkle (18 verse)
वध
वल्मीकः Vvadh (IP)—kill, slay (20) valmikah (m)_ant hill (20)
वधः
वशः vadhaḥ (m)—killing, slaughter vaśaḥ (m)-power, control, influ
(21)
_ence (14)
वध्य
वशगतः vadhya (adj)—to be killed (21) vasagatah (adj)-under the influ
वनम्
ence of (14) vanam (n)—forest (4)
वस्
Vvas (1P)—dwell (4) Vvand (1A)-praise, extol (9 | वसतिः
verse, 13 verse, 15)
vasatih (f) dwelling
वन्यम्
वसिष्ठः vanyam (n)—forest-food, i.e., vasisthah (m prop)—Vasistha,one
gathered as opposed to culti- of the great brāhman sages of vated (16)
Indian tradition (17 verse) वपुः
वस्तुतः vapuh (n) body, form
vastutah (ind)-in fact (11)
वर
वस्त्रम् vara (adj)—best, excellent, most vastram (n)-garment, clothing
precious, beautiful (17, 19)
(16)
वन्द्
वा
वर्णः
वरः varah (m)—boon, wish (11) vā (ind) or (placed after words
as is च) (7) vamah (m)-color, hue (20) वाच (क) वर्षम्
vāc (k) (f)—speech (8 verse, 21.1.a) varsam (n)-year; in द्वितीया ‘for a | वाक्यम्
year’ (15)
vākyam (n)-speech (14)
482
वाहनम्
वारि
वाणी
वासिन् vāņi(f)-speech (8 verse, 20 verse) vāsin (m, n; f-suitdweller (13)
वातः vātaḥ (m)—wind (22)
vāhanam (n)-vehicle, mount
वानरः
विकत vānarah (m)-monkey (13) vikrta (adj)-deformed (22)
वायुः
विगत vāyuh (m)—wind (13)
vigata (adj)-gone, departed (14) वार् (6)
वि+ चर् vār (h) (n)—water
vi+ Vcar (1P)—think about, reflect वाराशिः
(7 verse); wander (19) varasih (m)-ocean (वार् + राशिः) (13 | विचारः
verse)
vicārah (m) deliberation, hesita
tion (13)
vari (n)-water
विच्छिन्न
वालिन्
vicchinna (adj)severed (19) vālin (m prop)—Vālin, king of the | वि + जि
monkeys, elder brother of Su- vi + Vji (17) conquer, subdue (5
griva (22)
verse) वाल्मीकिः
वि+ ज्ञा valmikih (m prop)—Valmiki, avi + Vjna (9A)-realize (16)
famous sage, first poet, author of the Rāmāyaṇa (15)
vijvara (adj)—free from anxiety वासः
(22) vāsaḥ (m)-dwelling (16)
वित्रासः वासः
vitrāsaḥ (m)—terror (21) vasah (n) clothing, garment (21)| -विद् वासनम्
-vid (adj) (from vrac)—knower vāsanam (n)-dwelling, abode (12.17)
(18)
483
on
11
विद्
| वि + भूष् Nvid (2P)—know
vi + Vbhūs (10P)-adorn (8 verse)
विद्या
वि+ भ्रम् vidyā (f)—knowledge, learning vi + Vbhram (1P)—wander
(19 verse)
वियोगः विद्वांस्
viyogah (m)-separation vidvams (m)—learned man, wise; वि+ रज
vi + Vraj (1P)—become dispas verse) (See 17.24.b)
sionate विद्विषः
विरहित vidvisah (m) enemy (11 verse)
virahita (adj) deserted, separated विधिः
from (16) vidhih (m)-rule, custom (15)
विरूप वि+ नश्
virūpa (adj)-ugly (19) vi+ Vnas (4P)—be destroyed (20) विरूपणम् विना
virūpaņam (n)-disfigurement vinā (ind)—without (4)
(19) विनाशनम्
विरूपय vināśanam (n) destruction virupaya (नामधातु)-disfigure (19) वि + नि + वृत्
विरूपित vi + ni + Vvịt (1Ā)—turn back, virūpita (adj)-disfigured, muti
return (18)
lated (19) विपरीत
विरूपिन् viparīta (adj)—perverse, contrary, virūpin (adj)—ugly (19)
false (17)
वि+ लप विभीषणः
vi + Vlap (1P)—lament (14, 17 vibhisanah (m prop)—Vibhisana, ___verse)
a rāksasa, younger brother of विलेपनम Rāvana (22)
| vilepanam (n) ointment (8 verse)
484
विश
वि + लोक
वि + सृज् vi+ Vlok (10P)-look at, perceive | vi + Vsrj (6P)—release, give up
(20 verse)
__ (16) विवर्ण
विस्तीर्ण vivarņa (adj) devoid of color, vistīrņa (ad)—broad (22)
pale (13)
विस्मयः विवासित
vismayah (m) amazement (10 __vivasita (adj)-exiled (17) ___verse, 21)
विवाहः
वि + स्मृ vivāhah (m)marriage (7) vi + Vsmr (1P)-forget (5) विवाहित
विस्मृत vivahita (adj)-married (12) vismrta (adj)-forgotten
वि+हा vvis (6P)-enter (22)
vi + Vhā (3P)-give up, discard विशालाक्षी
(21 verse) viśālākṣi (adj f)—having large FEIRA
eyes (19)
vihārin (adj) - delighting in (20) विशेषतः
वि+ह visesatah (ind) especially (5) । | vi + Vhr (1P) take away, abduct
वीरः visva (adj) all (declined pro- | virah (m)—hero (5)
nominally)
वीर्यम् विश्वस्त
vīryam (n)—valor (14) viśvasta (adj)—reassured, confi
_dent (22)
Nvr (9Ā)-choose (as a boon) (11) विषण्ण visanna (adj)-dejected (13)
vrksah (m) tree (11)
वृत् visam (n)-poison (15)
Vvst (1Ā)—is, exists (5)
विश्व
वृक्षः
विषम्
485
वत
वृत्त
| वैरम् vrta (adj)-chosen (11)
vairam (n)-hostility (22)
वैराग्यम् vrtta (adj)-occurred, happened | vairagyam (n) aversion to world
(17); (n)-news, story, report; ly things (fig.)-slender (19)
वैश्रवणः वृत्तान्तः
vaiśravaṇaḥ(m prop)—Vaiśravana, vrttāntah (m)-report, news, story ___son of Visravana, Ravana (20) … (14)
वैश्व वृत्रः
vaiśva (adj)—universal vrtrah (m prop)—Vrtra, name of a व्यक्त
demon
vyakta (adj)-clear (18) वृत्रहन्
व्यथ् vrtrahan (m prop)—‘slayer of |
Vvyath (1A)—be agitated (13) ___Vrtra,’ Indra
व्यपे (वि + अप + इ) वृद्ध
vyape (vi + apa + Vi) (2P) —sepa vrddha (adj) old (9)
rate, drift apart
व्यवसायः Vvrdh (1Ā)-grow
vyavasāyaḥ (m)-resolution वृषभः
व्यसनम् vrsabhah (m)—bull (19)
vyasanam (n)-disaster (14) वेगः
व्याघ्रः vegah (m)-speed (13)
vyāghraḥ (m)—tiger (16) वेदः
व्याघी vedah (m)—veda (6)
vyāghrī (f)—tigress (19) वैदेही
व्रज् vaidehi (f prop)—lady of Videha,
Vvraj (1P)-move, walk Sita (16)
व्रीडा वैद्यः
vrīdā (f)—shame (22) vaidyah (m)-doctor (10 verse)
486
वीहिः vrihiḥ (m)—rice
शप Vsap (1P)-curse (4) शबरी Sabari (f prop)—Sabari, a female
ascetic who aids Rāma (22)
शंस्
शक्त
शब्दः Vsams (1P)-relate (22)
Sabdah (m)-sound (18) शक्
शम् Vsak (5P)—be able (13)
Vsam (4A)—be calm, quiet शकुन्तला
शम्भुः sakuntalā (f prop)—Sakuntalā
Sambhuh (m prop)—Sambhu, Siva
(8) Sakta (adj) –competent
शरः शक्तिः
Sarah (m)-arrow (4) Śaktiḥ (f)—power, ability (20) | शरीरम् शक्य
śarīram (n)-body (20) śakya (adj)-capable of being
शल्यम् (with infinitive) (21)
Salyam (n) arrow, spear (16)
शशिन् vśañk (1Ā) doubt (10)
Sasin (m)—having a hare (Sasah), शङ्कित
the moon Sankita (adj)-doubted (10)
शस्त्रम् शतम्
śastram (n)—weapon (18) śatam (n)-hundred (see 19.5.b)
शाखा शत्रुः
Sakhā (f)—branch (15) Satruh (m)—enemy (12)
शान्त शत्रुघ्नः
śānta (adj) calm, peaceful (5,9) Satrughnah (m prop)—Satrughna,
शापः one of Rāma’s brothers (5)
śāpaḥ (m)—curse (5)
शङ्क
487
शारद śārada (adj)—autumnal (16)
शीघम् śīghram (adv)-quickly (6)
शुकः
शाल: śālah (m)—a kind of tree (18)
Sukah (m) parrot
शुष्क
शाला
शुच śālā (f)-room, chamber, house, Vsuc (1P)—grieve (15)
hut (16)
शास्
śuddha (adj)-pure (13) Všās (22)—rule (18)
शुभ शासनम्
vśubh (1Ā)—shine, be beautiful śāsanam (n)-sovereignty, rule
(18)
śușka (adj) dried up (16) शास्त्रम्
शूरः śāstram (n)-scholarly text (14)
śūraḥ (m)-hero शिखरम्
शूर्पणखा śikharam (n)-peak, pinnacle (18)
| Surpanakha (f prop) Surpanakha, शिथिल
sister of Rāvaņa (19) sithila (adj)-loose, slack, weak
शूलम् (18 verse)
śūlam (n)-lance (20) शिरः
शोकः Sirah (n)—head (18 verse)
śokaḥ (m) grief (4) शिल्पिन्
शोणितम् silpin (m)—artisan (18)
śoṇitam (n)-blood (19) शिवः
शौर्यम् śivaḥ (m prop)—Śiva
Sauryam (n)-valor (21) शिष्यः
श्याम sisyah (m)-student (17)
śyāma (adj)-dark (21)
श्यामा Vsi (2A)—lie down
śyāmā (f)—a young woman (who
has not had children) (21)
शी
488
संयत
श्रमः
सम् + अलं + कृ śramah (m)—toil, effort (15) sam + alam + Vkr (8P/A) adorm
श्रवणम्
(8 verse)
Sravanam (n)—hearing (10) श्रीरामः
sah (pr m)—he (4) sriramah (m prop)—“glorious Ra- | __ma" (4)
samyata (adj)-restrained, con
trolled śru (5P)—hear, hear about (5) |सं+ या
sam + Vyā (2P)—attain
śruta (adj)—heard
संरब्ध
श्रेष्ठ
samrabdha (adj)-infuriated (20) śreştha (adj)—best (5)
संवत्सरः
श्वः
samvatsarah (m)-year (14)
śvah (ind)—tomorrow (16)
संवत samvrta (adj) surrounded (19)
सं+ शम्
sam + Vsam (4Ā) be extinguished षष्
(18) şaş (adj)—six (see 19.6) षोडश
संसद्
şodaśa (adj)—sixteen (see 19.6)
samsad (f)—assembly (22) संस्कृत samskrta (adj)-refined (8 verse) सकामम् sakāmam (ind)—with desire
सकोपम् sa- (ind)—with, together with (used only as prior member of a
sakopam (ind)—angrily
compound) (14)
सखि sakhi (m)-friend (21)
S
स489
सत्य
सख्यम् sakhyam (n)—friendship, alliance satya (adj)-real, true; (n)-truth,
(22)
reality (10, 11 verse) संकृत्त
सद् samkrtta (adj)-pierced (20) Vsad (1P)_sit (see 7.15.c) (7) संक्रुद्ध
सदनम् samkruddha (adj)-angry (15)
sadanam (n)-palace (12)
संख्यम्
सदा
samkhyam (n)-battle (20)
sadā (ind)—always (5 verse)
संगत
सदृश samgata (adi)—ioined, united with sadrsa (adj) —like, fit, suitable (14)
(20); met with (22)
सन्त्
सचराचर
sant (m)-good or virtuous man
sacarācara (adj)-’together with
(11 verse) moveable and immovable things,’ | संतप्त entire (22)
samtapta (adj)-oppressed, af
सज्ज
flicted (22) .
sajja (adj)—ready (18)
संत्रस्त
सं+ चर्
samtrasta (adj)—terrified (21) sam + Vcar (1P)-go, walk (15) सं+ दृश् संज्ञा
sam + Vdrs (1P)-see (22) samjñā (f)—consciousness (12) सं+ धा
sam + vdhā (3P)—join, bring to
sat (n)—truth
gether (8)
सनिभ सततम् satatam (ind)—always (8 verse)
sannibha (adj)-like (20)
सप्त
sati (f)—a virtuous wife (22)
sapta (adj)—seven (see 19.6)
सत्
सती
490
सभा
समानी (सम् + आ + नी) sabhā (f)-assembly (8)
samānī (sam + a + Vni) (1P)—as
सम
semble (22) sama (adj)— same, equal (14) समाश्रि (सम् + आ + श्रि) समयः
samāśri (sam + ā + Vśri) (1P)— samayah-period of time, time
resort to
(11)
समासद् (सम् + आ + सद्)
samāsad (sam +ã + Vsad) (10P)— …समरः
-samaraḥ (m)—battle (20)
reach (22)
समर्थ
सम् +इ
samartha (adj)—capable, compe
sam + Vi (2P)—come together, _tent (6)
meet (14)
समविभक्ताङ्गी
समीपम् samavibhaktāñgi (f)—a woman of samipam (n)-nearness, vicinity
(11) symmetrical limbs (21) समवे (सम् + अव + इ)
समुत्पन्न
samave (sam + ava + Vi) (2P)
samutpanna (adj)—arisen (13)
convene, come together (22)
समागत
sampanna (adj)—endowed with samāgata (adj)–come together
| (atend of compound) (20)
सम्पातिः
समागम् (सम् + आ + गम्)
sampātiḥ (m prop)-Sampāti, samāgam (sam +ā + Vgam) (1P)—
name of a vulture (22)
assemble (7) .
संपूर्ण
समागमः
sampūrņa (adj)—filled (18) samāgamaḥ (m)-meeting (18) संप्राप्त समाज्ञा (सम् + आ + ज्ञा)
samprāpta (adj)—arrived (18) samajna (sam + a + vjnā) (9P)- | संप्रेक्ष् (सम् + प्र + ईक्ष)
know (18); णिजन्त—order, com- | sampreks (sam + pra + Niks) mand (18)
(6A)-see, regard (13)
संपन्न
(22)
491
साधु
संभाष् (सम् + भाष्)
सहित sambhās (sam + Vbhās) (1Ā) | sahita (adj) along with (22)
speak
सागरः संभ्रान्त
sāgaraḥ (m)ocean (10) sambhrānta (adj) confused (21)
सादरम् संमित
sādaram (ind)—with respect sammita (adj) equal to (22)
सम्यक्
sadhu (adj)-righteous (11 verse); samyak (adv)—fully, properly (21) (ind) directly (21); as excla
सरः
mation —“wonderful!”
sarah (n)—lake (16)
साधुः सरित्
sādhuḥ (m)—sage, holy man (9) sarit (f)—stream; सरितां पतिः—ocean | सानन्दम्
(22)
sānandam (ind)—joyfully (5) सर्पः
सान्त्व sarpah (m) snake (19 verse, 20) | Vsāntv (10P)pacify, appease (15)
सारथिः sarva (adj)-each, all, every (see | sarathih (m)—charioteer (21)
5.7)
सिंहः सर्वदा
simhah (m)—lion (15) sarvadā (ind)—always (7)
सिंहासनम् सह
simhāsanam (n)-lion-seat, throne sah (1A) bear, endure
(18)
सह
सिद्ध saha (ind)—with (5)
siddha (adj) endowed with su
pernatural or magical powers (6
sahasā (ind)—suddenly, at once
verse) (19)
सीता
sītā (f prop)—Sitā (6) सहस्रम् sahasram (n)—a thousand (16)
सर्व
सहसा
492
सुलभ
सुकुमार sukumāra (adj)-lovely (12) sulabha (adj) easy (8) सुखम्
सुसंक्रुद्ध sukha (n) happiness, joy; (ind) | susamkruddha (adj) furious (19)
—happily सुखित
sūryah (m)—sun (9) sukhita (adj)-happy (5)
Vsrj (6P) release (16) sugrīvaḥ (m prop)—Sugrīva, younger brother of Vālin, ally of
Vsrp (1P)—move (16) Rāma (22)
सेतः सुतः
setuh (m)—bridge, causeway (22) sutaḥ (m)—son (12)
सज
सुग्रीवः
सप्
सेना
(4)
सुता
senā (f) army (17) sutā (f)—daughter
संव सुदारुण
Vsev (1A)-attend on, serve (10, sudaruna (adj)—very terrible (19)
___11 verse) सुन्दर
सेवकः sundara (adj; f—सुन्दरी)—beautiful
sevakah (m) attendant (12)
सेवा सुमध्यमा
sevā (f)-service sumadhyamā (f)—woman with a
| सेवित beautiful waist (21)
sevita (adj)-served (10) सुमित्रा
सोढ sumitra (f prop)- Sumitra
sodha (adj) endured, borne name of the mother of Laks
| सोमः maņa and Satrughna
somaḥ(m)—soma सुमुख
सौमित्रिः sumukha (adj)—handsome (19)
saumitrih (m prop)-son of
Sumitra, Laksmana (18)
493
सौम्य
स्नानम् saumya (adj) gentle, pleasant; as snānam (n)—bath, bathing, ablu
संबोधन “my friend," “my good ___tion (8 verse, 19)
man” (20)
स्निह सौवर्ण
Vsnih (4P)—love (object of love sauvarma (adj) golden (21) ___in सप्तमी) (5) सौहृदम्
स्नेहः sauhrdam (n)-friendship (21) snehah (m)—love, affection
स्म
स्मि
स्त्री
-स्थ
स्तब्ध stabdha (adj)-paralyzed, frozen | sma (ind)—used after लट् to form
स्तम्भः
___simple past tense (see 4.47) (4)
stambhah (m) post (18 verse)
Vsmi (1P/A)-smile (19) Vstu (2P)-praise (9)
स्मितपूर्वम्
smitapūrvam (ind)—with a smile stri (f)-woman (21)
(19)
स्म -stha (adj)-standing (from /स्था) | Vsmr (1P) remember
(17)
स्मृतिः
स्था
smrtih (f) memory, a class of Vsthā (1P)-stand, remain (7)
texts
स्थानम्
स्मृतिमन्त् sthānam (n)place (18)
smrtimant (adj)-possessed of
memory, well-versed in smrti स्थित
(11) sthita (adj)-standing; stabilized
(14)
Vsru (1P) flow, run (19) स्ना Vsnā (2P)—bathe (18)
| sva (adj)-one’s own (declined
494
हन्
स्वयम्
like पर, see 5.7, but optionally fol- | हत्या lows masculine in -a) (7 verse, 9, | hatya (f)-murder, slaying 17, 18 verse)
-हन् स्वजनः
-han (adj) slayer (from Vहन्, see svajanah (m)—kin (21)
12.17)
स्वनः svanaḥ (m)-sound, cry (19) Vhan (2P)—kill, strike (4)
स्वप्
हननम् Vsvap (2P)—sleep
hananam (n)—killing (6)
हनुमन्त् svayam (ind)—to, for, by oneself hanumant (opt. हनूमन्त्) (m prop)
(4,8)
Hanumān (22) स्वयंवरः
हरिः svayamvarah (m)-lit., “self | harih (m prop)-Hari (Visnu);
choice," the name of a ceremony (m)-monkey (19 verse) at whicha princess chooses ahus- | हरिवर band or has one chosen by con-he
| harivara (adj)—best of monkeys test (8)
(22) स्वरः
हरीश्वरः svarah (m) sound, cry (19)
harisvarah (m)—lord of monkeys स्वर्गः
(22) svargah (m)-heaven (6,17verse) | इतिः स्वर्गत
havih (n) oblation svargata (adj)-gone to heaven
(22)
Vhas (1P)—laugh (12)
हस्तः hastah (m)—hand
हस्तलाघवम् हत
hastalāghavam (n)-skill, manual hata (adj)-killed (4)
dexterity (10 verse)
no
495
हीन
हस्तिन् hastin (m)-elephant
hina (adj)-devoid of, missing
(esp. at end of compound) (16)
हा
hā (ind)—vocative particle ex
pressing grief (4)
Vhu (3P) offer (9)
Vhị (1P)-abduct, carry off (22)
Vhā (3P)—abandon (7)
ar: hāraḥ (m)-necklace (8 verse)
ETH: hāsaḥ (m)-laughter (19)
hţta (adj)—abducted (22)
हृदयम् hțdayam (n) heart (14) हृदये + कृ hệdaye + Vkp (idiom)take seri
ously,(14); + VII (idiom)– “placed in the heart” (16)
hi (ind)—indeed, surely (19) हिंसा hiņsā (f)—violence, injury (20)
hřsta (adj) delighted (21)
I IV
hiņsra (adj)-injurious, fierce
(15) fea: hitaḥ (m)—welfare, benefit (20
verse, 21)
he (ind)—vocative particle (4)
47 heman (n)-gold (18) हेमपिङ्गल hemapiñgala (adj)-golden
yellow (22)
ENGLISH-SANSKRIT GLOSSARY (This glossary was designed for reference to particular usages and meanings in the readings and exercises of this primer. It is not
intended for use as a general Sanskrit dictionary.)
affection-स्नेहः (m)
afflicted—पीडित (adj) (4); बाधित abandon—415 (1P) (10); TR+ (adj) (6); Hati (adj) (22);
YE(1P) (9); ET (3P) (7); afflicted with—37701 (adj) (20) abandoned-4 (adj) (10) afraid ta (adj) (4) abduct-379 + & (1P) (21); fa + & after—37ky (ind) (9); after
(1P); & (1P) (22); abducted - 1 that-AG H (ind) (9) EG (adj) (22); to be abducted- again-47: (ind) (4) 31468104 (adj) (21)
age—5 (1P) (10): agedsiluf ability- TRT: (f) (20); in accor
(adj) (10) dance with ability-यथाशक्ति | agent-कारिन् (adj) (ind)
agitate (22); be agitated able, be—3108 (5P) (13); able- 0214(17) (13); agitated—311
47 (adj) (9)
(adj) (12) ablution—3714 : (m) (19); agree to—37575 (8P) (20)
ERA (n) (8 verse, 19)
agreeable to, be—60(1A) (14) abode-लयः (m); वासनम् (n) (18) aha!—3€ (ind) absolute reality- 6 (n) (9) air—44 (n) (12) accept—31913 (8P) (20) Akampanaḥ—3799+47: (m prop) account—37798494 (n) (22) (20) acquire- |(1Ā) (10); (5841 alam—74 (n) (16)
(adj) (10)
alliance सख्यम् (n) (22) activity– (n) (8)
all-fall (adj); Hd (adj) (see 5.7) addressed3+ (adj) (10); LITTO along with Hica (adj) (22)
(adj) (19)
also—3119 (ind) (4) adom—37674 +(8P); 19 (10P); Jalteration—परिणामः (m)
a + (10P) (8 verse); 84 + alternative— a: (f) (6, 20 verse)
3706 + (8P/Ā) (8 verse) | always—नित्यम् (ind) (21); सततम् adventure—ara (n) (4)
(ind) (8 verse); HGT (ind) (5 verse); Hdci (ind) (7)
498
amazement-विस्मयः (m) (10 (5); जन् (4A) (14); arisen उत्पन्न ___verse, 21)
(adj) (13); जात (adj) (13); amuse oneself-क्रीड् (1P) (18
समुत्पन (adj) (13) verse, 21), वि + ह (1P) | armlet—केयूरः (m) (8 verse) ancestor—पितृ (m) (10, 19) amor-कवचः (m) (18) and—च (ind)
army-चमूः (f) (5 verse, 18); लोकः angry, be—कुप् (4P) (7); क्रुद्ध (4P) | (m) (9, 21); सेना (f) (17)
(7); anger-कोपः (m) (14); क्रोधः
arouse उत्पादय् (णिजन्त) (20) (m) (13); मन्युः (m) (14); arranged, be—कुप् (1A) angrily सकापम् (ind); angry- arrived—प्राप् (प्र + आप्) (5P) (16); कुपित (adj) (4); क्रुद्ध (adj); संक्रुद्ध | संप्राप्त (adj) (18) (adj) (15);
arrow—इषुः (m) (7); बाणः (m) annihilate-अभि+ हन् (2P);
(6); शरः (m) (4); शल्यम् (n) (16); annihilated—अभिहत (adj) (5 artisan -शिल्पिन् (m) (18) verse, 20)
as-इव (ind) (4); यथा (ind) (6) announce—उद् + आ + ह (1P) (21)
ascend (to)—आ + रुह (1P) (15) annoy—प्र + मथ् (1P) (21)
ascetic-तापसः (m) (20); तपस्विन् anoint-अभि + षिच् (6P) (17)
(m; f-विनी) (12) another-अपर (adj) (9, 17); अन्य
asceticism 14: (n) (9) (adj) (5)
| Asokagrove-अशोकवनिका (1) another time-अन्यदा (ind)
(22) answer-प्रति + वच् (2P) (18);
ashram-आश्रमः (m) (6) उत्तरम् (n) (17)
ask—प्रच्छ (6P) (6) ant hill-वल्मीकः (m) (20)
ass-खरः (m) (21) anxiety-Farli (f) (7); free from
assemble समागम् (सम् + आ + गम्) ___anxiety-विज्वर (adj) (22)
(1P) (7); समानी (सम् + आ + नी) appear-दृश् (non-present form
(1P) (22) of /पश्) (11); भा (2P) (13); | assembly संसद् (1) (22); सभा (1) appease—सान्त्व् (10P) (15); प्र + (8)
सद् (1P) (13)
assistance उपकारः (m) (11) appoint—नि + युज् (7P) (17 associated with—युत (adj) (22)
verse); appointed—नियोजित
assume-आ + दा (3P) (21); आ + (adj) (20)
स्था (1P) (21); धू (10PIA) (8 approach—अभि + गम् (1P) (8); उप | verse) __ + गम् (1P) (8)
at once सहसा (ind) (19) arise—उत्+ पद् (4A); उद् + भू(1P) | at present-अधुना (ind) (11)499
attached- 19 (adj); attached
to- R4U ( +374141) (adj); attached (emotionally)—a
(adj) attain—37121 + 274 (1P) (9); 34 +
M (1Ā) (9); # + 2 (2P); attain (a state)_34 + 14 (1P) (22); attainment of knowl
edge— ayfa: (f) attempt—9+ 6(1Ā) (8);
attempted—आरब्ध (adj) attend on (1Ā) (10, 11
verse); attendant 375108: (m);
- 90: (m) (12) auspicious thing—454(n) austerity—14: (n) (9) authorize—37729 + (8P) autumnal—IRG (adj) (16) aversion to worldly things
apr (n) avoid—9R +(1P) (19 verse);
370113 (adj) (9 verse) awake, be—4 (4Ā); awake
96 (adj) (10) axe—4: (m) (14) Ayodhyā—37127l (f prop) (5)
(19); T4 (f) (20); JGA(n) (20); H44 (n) (20); HR: (m) (20) be—378 (2P) (4); (1P) (4);
(1Ā) bear-4 (3P);ų (10P/A) (8
verse); - (adj) (21); bear (endure) (4A) (22); HE
(1Ā) beautiful, be—TH(1Ā); <0p
(adj) (7); R (ad) (17, 19);
frac (adj) (4); 427 (f) beautiful young woman—9461
(f) (20) beauty—240ff4al (f) (18); —44
(n) (19) become—4(1P) (4) before the eyes (lit., before, in
front of the face) (ind)
(21) begin—371 +7(1Ā); begin
ning—3|: (m) (15); from the beginning—31119a: (ind)
(17,22) behold-99 (9+ $81) (1Ā) (19) being-भूतम् (n) bellow—15 (1P) (22) belly-36 (n) (12), having a
small belly—316416Ti (f) (19) beloved—94 (adj) (6) bend—74 (1P) (10); bent—70
(adj) (10) benefit—fer: (m) (20 verse, 21) best-of (adj) (17, 19); 18 (ad)
(5) best of—55: (m) (21), (lit.,
Indra among …) at the end of compound
-B
bad—5- (prefix) (19) banana tree-(f) (14) bank-di(n) (22) barely—aserhia (FET, -27) (ind) batheFI (2P) (18); bath
FIRA (n) (8 verse, 19) battle—31169: (m) (20); 414 (n)
500
Bhagavadgitā—Hlagiat (f prop) bound-re (adj) (17); TG (adj) Bharata— : (m prop) (5)
(10) big belly, having—HETTI (f adj) | bow—214: (m) (8); 7 (n) (9);
(19)
bow-wielder-W704 (adj) bind— (9P) (17); TE (4P) (21)
(10)
bow—(1P) (10); bowed—72 bird—<+1: (m) (12); fs: (m) (adj) (10)
(6); carrion bird—954: (m) boy_010 : (m) (4, 17); FHR: (20)
(m) (13) birth—31-47 (n) (14); 3eyfa: (f) bracelet — : (m) (8 verse)
(20 verse)
Brahman, the god—6 bite—GRI (1P); bitten (adj)-GE (SET)(m) (12); Brahman’s blade of grass 2014 (n) (8) world— ent: (m) (22); blame—ARG(1P); blamed
Absolute reality- E (GE) FRGS (adj); blameworthy- (n) (9)
319-El (adj) (9 verse)
brāhman— ku: (m) (4); fast: blazing—yorsa (adj) (10 verse) (m) (6); brāhman killer— EVER blessed one—HIR (adj) (13) (adj) (20) bliss—31747-4: (m) (6)
branch-Riral (f) (15) blocked—A+ą (5P/Ā) (19) break—H25C(7P) (8); 34(62) blood—274 (n) (14, 17); 2014 breath-14: (m); “abandon life
(n) (19)
breath,” die—9F + V2451 blooming- (adj) (16)
(16) blue-black— i (adj)
bridge-HE: (m) (22) boasting-core (n) (18)
bring-311+ (1P) (17); 371 + E body_0514: (m) (20); CE: (m) (1P); bringing-3110€ (adj)
(21 verse); 94: (n); RRA (n) (14); bring together— + UT (20); having a body—
(3P) (8) (adj)
broad-failut (adj) (22) book-stro (n) (13, 15)
brokenH . (adj) (18) boon–02: (m) (11)
brother— (m) (10); younger born, be—371+ 4G (4Ā); 37 (4A) brother—3775: (m) (17); elder
(14); bom—3|ld (adj) (13);
brother—995: (m) born from— -3 (adj) (18);
Buddha-96 (m) born after, be—37 + 7 (4) bull—75994: (m) (18); 294: (m) borne-HIC (adj)
(19) both—34 (adj) (21)
burden—HR: (m) (9)
501
burn—74 (1P/Ā); GE (2P) (18);
burnt (adj)—GHET burst—371 + 7 (6P) (18 verse) but-pa (ind) (5); (ind) (11)
calf—dea: (m) (16) call—371 + < (4A) (12); call
out-3G + 371 + < (1P) (21) calm, be — T4 (4Ā); RHO
(10P) (18); calm-4 (adj)
(21); PIR (adj) (5,9) capable—H48 (adj) (6); capable
of being—2704 (adj) (21); capable (of perceiving truth)—
Hou (adj) (20 verse) cardinal point-faz (Raca) (f)
(20, 22 verse) care—fen (f) (7) carrion bird— FR4: (m) (20) carry— (3P); carry off-E (1P)
(22); carrying—7 (adj) (21) cause— RUTH (n) (15); causing
(i.e., giving rise to) (adj) (at end of compound)—-&(14) cause to tremble- R (22) causer—(adj; f-$) (20 verse);
कृत् (adj) causer of joy— -6 (n) (16) causeway He: (m) (22) cave—are (n) (17); TET (f)
(18, 22) cavern-TET (f) (18, 22) celestial being— : (m) (20) certain-A (adj); certainly
379324 (ind); RICH (ind)
chamber-21 (f) (16) change—RU14: (m); Rada (n)
(12) chariot—74: (m) (17) charioteer—HR12: (m) (21) charm-AURIAI (f) (18);
charming-HATET (adj) (21) chest—94: (n) (20) childless—31451 (adj) children—4511(f) (5) choose (as a boon)ą (9Ā) (11);
Ta (adj) (11) chronicle-इतिहासः (m) citizens—4511(f) (5) city-yei (f) (22); TR4 (n) (10) clearou (adj) (18) clever—Ayur (adj) (6) climb up—A + B (1P) (18
verse) cling— (4Ā); clinging
(adj); clung to— 1 (adj) clothing_aen (n) (16): alH: (n) cloud—5114: (m) (20); 44: (m)
(21); clouds gathering at the end of the cosmic cycle T ha: (m) (20) club974: (m) (20) coiffure-25: (m) (8 verse)
(lit., ‘born from the head,
hair’) collection—IRT: (m) color_qui: (m) (20); colorless
faquf (adj) (13) come—31 + 7(1P) (4); 371 + 91
(2P) (7, 22); 414 (9+ 3140 (5P) (16)
502
come back to 4RI (ufa + 31+ contrary-fakta (adj) (17)
- (2P) (17)
control_44 (1P) (11); 21: (m) come to be 3G + (1P) (5) (14); controlled (adj) come together—+4 +5 (2P) convene-40 (H4 + 3a + 3)
(14); H40 (H4 + 370 + 3) (2P) (2P) (22) (22); H4ra (adj) (22)
conveying—377976 (adj) (14) command—311511(f) (9)
cook—पच् (1P); पाचकः (m) compassion-07241 (f) (12); 1 coronation—3717994: (m) (9)
(f) (11 verse)
cosmic dissolution—4024: (m) competent-47 (9); + (adj); cosmic era-401(n) (19)
H4 (adj) (6)
coupling—#974 (n) conceal—9 +36 (10P) (11 courage—Ep 14 (n) (20)
verse)
courageous, be— (5P) (20) consecration—37744: (m) (9) cover-9 + 3G (10P) (11 verse); conciliate—37 + (1P)
covered—37178iga (adj) (19) condition—ufa: (f) (6, 20 verse cow— : (f); to turn into a cow’s conduct-5 (8P) (5)
hoofprint_1164gio (13 verse) confident-rapat (adj) (22) craving- Sul (f) (11 verse, 18 conformable—37744 (adj) (19) verse) confused—3779 (adj) (22); crazy-3 (adj) (19)
Pico (adj) (21); HR (adj) creature— (m) (15); 104(n) (21)
crooked—05 (adj) (21) conjugational class in
cross over- (1P) grammar—14: (m) (7)
crow—काकः (m) conqueredia (adj) (14);
cruel-F (adj) (12); R (adj) conquer—RIG (RT + F51) (1P) (20); Grau (adj) (13) (14); â + FT (1Ā) (5 verse); 5ą | cry-F94: (m) (19); FOR: (m) (m) (10); conquering–ISTES (19); crying—276974 (n) (20) (adj) (12) (at end of com- cuckoo_of: (m) (15) pound)
curiosity–LESA (n) (13); consciousness Hell (f) (12)
SISIHI (f) consecrate—377 + 19 (6P) (17)
curious—fising (ad) consider-चिन्त् (10P) (4); मन्
curse— 4 (1P) (4); 2114: (m) (5) (4Ā); considered—48 (adj)
custom-fafa: (m) (15); in constantly-f14 (ind) (21)
accordance with custom content, be 14 (4P)(8);
यथाविधि (ind) (15) content 7€ (adj) (8)
503
-D
cut-FOG (7P); FE (7P); for (adj); delighting in-AER
(adj) (14); FA (adj)
(adj) (20) delusion_HTE: (m) (19);
deluded—HITE (adj) (16)
demon—374(m) (21); 78: (m) daily-प्रतिदिनम् (ind)
(6); female demon—TH (f) damage— 14: (m) (18)
(19); PARIER: (m)(lit., night dance-T (4P/Ā) (10)
roamer) dark-off (adj) (20); 214 (adj) depart—FR + 74; departed—
(21)
Arra (adj) (7); farra (adj) (14) Dasaratha, Rāma’s father — depression—a: (m) (13)
GORY: (m prop) (4)
deserted—acter (adj) (16) daughter-oppll () (7); JR
desire-54 (6P) (8); 074: (m) (15); GEÇ (f) (10)
(15); loun (f) (11 verse, 18 day—36: (n) (see 21.3.g); Fat: verse); with desire H9144
(m)
(ind); in accordance with daybreak—2014 (ind) (21) desire_941142144 (ind) (15); dear-1921 (adj)
desired—ş€ (adj) (10) dear one-ala: (m) (14); 11 (f) desire to get-S4 (f) death—470704 (n) (20); 2014 destroy (6A); destroyed,
(n) (18); god of death—3772:
be—7 (4P); fd + 7 (4P) (m) (20); opes: (m) (5,21); 44: (20); destroyed—HE (adj); 7€ (m); 44: (m); Yama’s realm-|
(adj) (6); destroyer — 21:(m) 74010: (m); dead— Ta (adj) (21); destruction-AARAA (n); (17)
14: (m) (18) decay—a (1P)
devoid of — : (ind) (14); <tea decided— निश्चित (adj)
(adj) (16); A (adj) (16) deer–4: (m) (4, 6)
devotion (m); devoted to - deformed- 4 (adj) (1
KRU (Q + 3Riu) (adj); (adj) (22)
devoted mind-चित्तलयः (m) (5 dejected—Aquul (adj) (12); faqat
verse) (adj) (13)
die— (9 + 3) (22); 4(1P) (16) deliberation-TER: (m) (13)
dig— (1P) delight— fa: (f) (11 verse);
direction-faci (fa) (f) (20, 22 delighted— 1C (adj) (10);
verse) YECT (adj) (20); for (adj); za
directly—HTY (ind) (21)
504
drop-forg: (m) (18) drunk-3-47 (adj) (19) drunk (as a liquid is)—41a (adj) drunkenness—46: (m) (11 verse) duration of life, for the
assiida (ind) Durgā—Geli (f prop) (15) Dūşaņa — 4: (m prop) (19) dust24: (m) (19) duty— : (m) (12) dwell—À + (1P) (20);
dwelling—AA: (m) (21); aufa: (f); 14: (m); alhah (n) (18); dweller—alth (m, n; f
5 t) (13) dying—ARUA (n) (18)
-E
disaster_o (n) (14) discard—a + T (3P) (21 verse) disease—T: (m) (14) disfigure— 44 (714410) (19);
disfigured—विरूपित (adj) (19); disfigurement विरूपणम् (n)
(19) dishonorable—31434 (adj) (9
verse) dispassionate, become + 5
(1P) dispatch—9 + 7411424 (IST)(22) dissolution—458704 (n) (20) distance unit_31544 (n) (22) distressed—311 90 (adj) (12) divinity-दैवतम् (n) (22) do F (8P) (5); doer —c* (adj; f
$) (20 verse); done - (adj); desirous of doing चिकीर्षु (adj)
(18) doctor-aa: (m) (10 verse) doer—are (see lesson 11) done— (adj) (10) donkey-164: (m)(18);—OR:
(m) (21) door द्वारम् (n) doubt (1Ā) (10) doubted— d (adj) (10) doubtlessly—3782244 (ind) (21) drawn near-34476 (adj) (18) dried up—15 (adj) (16) drift apart_o44 (a +374 + 3)
(2P) drink—41(1P) (15) drinker–4 (adj) (at end of
compound) drive away—374 + TE (6P)
each—yfa (ind) (6, 14); H(adj)
(see 5.7) ear—280 (m) (19) earth—ERT () (12); qtaret (f)
(14); #: (f) (10); Afari (f)
(20) easy my (adj) (8) eat—अद् (2P); खाद् (1P); भक्ष
(10P/A) (19); FEL(7P) (8); eaten-खादित (adj) effort- 464: (m) (12); 84: (m)
(15) eight—389 (adj) (19) eldest—548(adj) (5) elephant—करेणुः (m) (19); कुञ्जरः
(m) (14); 75: (m) (18); EFRI
(m) elsewhere—42: (ind) (7 verse)
505
1
)
embrace_4f + F5 (1Ā) (15 end—37-41: (m) (16) ender—3779: (m) (20), endowed with—fa (adj) (6); H146
(adj) (20) endure— (4A) (22); FE (1Ā);
endured—HIG (adj) enemy—318: (m) (19); Parca: (m)
(11 verse); RTE: (m) (12) enjoy—<4(17) (21) enlighten- 4(4A);
enlightened-86 (adj) (10); enlightenment-14: (m) (20
verse) enough—37654 (ind) (15) (with
तृतीया) enraged—gara (adj) (4) enter—9 + fal (6P) (11); fa21
(6P) (22) entourage—-101: (m) (22) entrance-द्वारम् (n) entrust-A+fm (6P) (9) enveloped-31 Tollca (adj) (19) envoy-ça: (m) episode—372 (n) (22) equal ge4 (adj) (19); H4 (adj)
(14); HTC (adj) (22) especially-faziea: (ind) (5) establish— fa + F4 (1P) (18) esteem_4674(11 verse) even—319 (ind) (4); even so—
gent (ind) (8) every—yfa (ind) (6, 14); Hd (adj)
(see 5.7) evil—4144 (n); 414 (adj) (11
verse, 12); evil person– 5:
(m) (19 verse); evil act —
go (n) (4) exceedingly—taila (ind) (4);
Br (ind) excellence—44: (m) (5, 11
verse); excellent_3714 (adj) (8); GIGH (ind) (21); QR (adj)
(17, 19) except—F (ind) (22) (generally
takes 404) excessively—31fd (ind) (13) exert oneself-9 + TL (1Ā) (8) exiled farta (adj) (17);
facilha (adj) (17) existence—44: (m) (20 verse);
state of existence—ala: (f) (6,
20 verse) exists—(1A) (5) experience—371 + 1(1P) (4) extinguished, be-8 + 74 (4Ā)
(18) extol–(1Ā) (9 verse, 13
verse, 15) extremely—4274 (adj) (14) eye—a: (n) (9); RAM (n) (14);
1944 (n) (13); having large eyes-farinat (adj f) (19)
-F
face—3167074 (n) (13); Ra(n)
(13); 96574 (n) (15) fadeffe (8 verse) fall—47(1P) (10); A +(1P)
(18); fallen— da (adj) false—1942ta (adj) (17);
(ind) (9)
506
fame-ala: (f) (11 verse); 42: fit-HÇET (adj) (14)
(n)
five—450 (adj) (19); fivefold family— (n) (16)
state, death—450794 (n) (20) famous—प्रख्यात (adj) (19); प्रसिद्ध | flee—पला + इ (1A) (7)
(adj) (19 verse)
flesh-मांसम् (n) (20) far—(4 (ind) (21, 22)
flow—&(1P) (19) fascinating—HATE (adj) (21)
flower— (n) (8 verse); father— : (m) (14); fua (m) flowery-154a (adj) (19)
(10, 19)
fly_font (f) (21) fault-a4: (m)
fly, to 361 +46(1P); favor-34972: (m) (11); YHTG: (m)
foam-7: (m) (20) (6 verse); favorable—17 (21)
folks—54: (m) (4, 15) fawn—421100: (m) (19)
follow—371 + 2 (2P) (11 verse); fear— (3P) (7); 474 (n) (16);
371 + (1P) Hifa: (f) (10); fearsome
fond of—371 +351 (4A) (8) (adj) (19 verse); ** (adj) (19)
food—14: (m) (18); 75AH (n) feel—371 + (1P) (4)
(11); forest-food-R14 (n) fetch-311+ (1P) (17)
(16) fever, feverish disease—50R: (m) fool_46Hfa: (m); 42: (m) (4);
(22)
foolish—3141058 (adj) field- 514 (n)
foot—416: (m) (16 verse) fierce (adj) (20); Chou (adj for the sake of- (ind) (12)
(13); Pea (adj) (15)
(with 4 or HATHR) fight—94(4A); wishing to forefront (of battle)477 (m)
fight-युयुत्सु (adj)
(20) fill—I (9P); filled Fiqui (adj) foremost— 425 (adj) (17 verse)
(18)
forest—3R0MA(n) (7); A4 (n) final अन्तिम (adj); अन्त्य (adj)
(20 verse); finally—37RTA: forget-fa + (1P) (5); (ind) (8)
___forgotten-विस्मृत (adj) fire—3714: (m) (15); 5004: (m) forgive (1Ā)
(22); having fire as witness- form (literal and figurative) 544 31ffame (adj)
(n) (19); form (body)ay: (n); first—371 (adj) (19); 994 (adj) taking any form at will,
(11)
1461471 (adj) (19) fish—HRT: (m) (16)
former-4 (adj) (5) fortitude—R14 (n) (20)
(4)
507
fortunate धन्य (adj) (16); भव्य gate द्वारम् (n)
(adj) (20 verse)
Gautama—11614: (m prop) (10) fortune—लक्ष्मी (f) (17)
generally-प्राय (adj) (21) four-चतुर् (adj)(19)
gentle—ATRI (adj) (20) foursome-चतुष्टयम् (n)
get-अनु + प्र + आप् (5P) (22); प्राप् fourteenचतुर्दशन् (adj) (15) । (प्र + आप्) (5P) (16) fourth-चतुर्थ (adj) (17) (fem.- | girdle-मेखला (1)
चतुर्थी)
give—दा (3P) (9); यम् (1P) (11); free-मुच (6P)
give up—वि + सृज् (6P) (16); वि friend-बान्धवः (m) (18); मित्रम् (n)
- हा (3P) (21 verse); given (14); सखि (m) (21);
(adj) दत्त; giving-दानम् (n), friendship सख्यम् (n) (22);
-द (adj) (14) (समासान्त) सौहृदम् (n) (21)
| glorious तेजस्विन् (adj; f-इनी) frightened—त्रस्त (adj) (20);
(18) पर्याकुल (adj) (21); भीत (adj)(4)
go—इ (2P) (18); गम् (1P) (4); प्र + from this—31a: (ind) (21)
या (2P) (22); या (2P) (15); सं+ front of—see ‘in front of
चर् (1P) (15);go back—प्रति + fruit—404 (n) (16)
गम् (1P) (9); go forth-निर् + गम् full_परिपूर्ण (adj); पूर्ण (adj) (10);
(1P) (22); going-गमनम् (n) fully—सम्यक् (adv) (21); full
(13); -ग (adj) (12) (समासान्त); of-युत (adj) (22)
gone—गत (adj) (7); विगत (adj) furious सुसंक्रुद्ध (adj) (19)
(14); gone away—3749AIR (adj) furnished with—युक्त (adj) (19)
(21);gone to heaven स्वर्गत
(adj) (22) goad-प्रतोदः (m) (19)
god—अमरः (m); ईश्वरः (m) (21); gain-लम् (1A) (10); gained
देवः (m) (6, 10); दैवतम् (n) (22); लब्ध (adj) (10)
भगवन्त (m); god of death Ganesa (lord of hosts),
कालः (m) (5,21); मृत्युः (m prop) गणेशः,गणपतिः; having arat for a
(21); यमः (m prop) (12); mount’—मूषिकवाहनः (m)
| Godavari—गोदावरी (f prop) (19) Ganges—गङ्गा (f prop) (18)
| goddess—देवी (1) (6) garland_HICT (f) (13 verse)
| gold हेमन् (n) (18); golden garment-अम्बरम् (n) (20); वस्त्रम्
काञ्चन (adj) (21); सौवर्ण (adj) (n) (16); वासः (n)
(21); golden-yellow हेमपिङ्गल Garuda-गरुडः (m prop)
(adj) (22)
508
golden age of the world-
(n) (22) good idea!—0164 (ind) (21) good man-HR (m) (11 verse) good name—ail: (f) (11 verse) good or pleasant tiding—4274 (n)
(22) got—19a (adj) (12) Govinda—Jira: (m prop) grace-प्रसादः (m) grain—9R14 (n) (16) grammatical object_2077 (n) (8) grandson—915: (m) (22) granting-दानम् (n) grasp— TE → Taifa (9P) (16) gratified—अनुगृहीत (adj) great-बृहन्त् (adj); महन्त् (adj)
(11); great-armed-4610F: (adj) (22); great city—HELYT (f) (21); greater than- HR (adj) (5 verse); 31 (adj) (7
verse) (with 404) grey hair—1944 (n) (18 verse) grieve—79(1P) (15); grief
1104: (m) (4) group (n) (20) grow—TH(1A) (17); L4(1Ā);
grow great-महीयते
hanging-mt (adj) (12) Hanuman-311-Och 51: (m) (13
verse); 654 (m prop) (22) happened— (adj) (17) happy, be—79 (4P) (8); Joe (adj)
(8); Hea (adj); Traa (adj) (5); happiness- a (n); happily
सुखम् (ind) harass— 14 (1Ā) (7);4 + HY(1P) Hari (Vişnu)ER: (m prop) harsh—667 (adj) (16); R (adj)
(20); 479 (adj) hateau (2P/Ā) he-8: (pr m) (4) (see 5.5) head- (m) (20); RR: (n) (18
verse) heap— IRT: (m) hear–A+ 14 (4P); (5P) (5);
371 + Out (21); hear about (5P) (5); heard- a (adj);
hearing— 2014 (n) (10) heart-f9714 (n) (12); EG44 (n)
(14) heat 74 (1P/Ā) heaven Fa: (m) (6, 17 verse);
highest heaven-ब्रह्मलोकः (m) (22); heaven, gone to Faria
(adj) (22) heavy-T (adj) (8) heir apparent-युवराजः; state of
being,_JA541 (n) (15) hell_RO: (m) (17) hence—3781: (ind) (21); da: (ind)
(5) herd9994 (n) (20) here-अत्र (ind); इतः (ind); इह
(ind) (7); here … elsewhere
-H
hail—+1(ind) (6) hair—44731: (m) (8 verse) hand- R: (m); 41101: (m) (20);
Sta: (m) handsome free (adj; f
Gratis(4);999 (adj) (19)509
şd… : (7 verse); here …
there—58… 08: (21) hermitage-31734: (m) (6) hero-ak: (m) (5); R: (m) hesitation-faER: (m) (13) hey—HT: (ind) (6) hide—377 + ET (3P) (9) highest—(adj) (15); history-5101674: (m) holy—9195 (adj) (22) holy man-HT4: (m) (9) homage_774: (n) (5 verse, 9) home—JEH (n) (4) honor— HERE (fortal of 4-0 (11
verse); 34G: (m) horse-अश्वः (m); तुरंगमः (m) host—374: (m) (22); $109: (m) (9,
- hostility-a (n) (22) house–TEH (n) (4); 4f-424 (n)
(17); 116T (f) (16) householder-गृहस्थः (m) how?_0621 (ind) (4); how much
(more or less) 9 (ind) (20); how is it…_0214 (ind)
364 (pr) (see 4.46) if—(ind); alfa (ind) (6); if…
then— fa…ale illusion—HRI (f) (21);
possessing API, or illusory
power—4TIC (adj) (22) imitate—371 + (8P) immediate neighborhood, in
प्रत्यनन्तर (adj) (20) immediately—1844 (ind) (21);
tu (ind) (6) immortal—379 (adj) (21) impelled-Ra (adj) (21) imprison- + E (9P) (16) in fact—ofa: (ind) (11) in front of—3744: (ind) (20);
Tea (ind) (21) (with st) | indebted—अनुगृहीत (adj) indeed— (ind) (19) Indra-5-5: (m prop) (10);
‘slayer of Vstra’—EET (m prop); ‘conqueror of Indra’ —
55151 (m) infatuate + HRY influence—a21: (m) (14); under the influence of_ar: (adj)
(14) informed (forslag of +
PG) (14, 19) infuriated Hou (adj) (20) injury—FÉHI (f) (20); injurious—
fH (adj) (15) inner apartment—377 (n)
(14)
(4)
however — Parig (ind) (5) hue—24: (m) (20) human—41474: (m) (20); 4169
(m) (20); 4199 (adj) hundred—144 (n) (see 19.5.b) hunger (f) (22); Tal (f) husband-Ha (m) (10); fa: (m)
(12, see 21.3.b) hut—16 (f) (16)
510
-K
Nam
inquiry_414141 (f) inside-3764 (n); from inside,
from out of—37RT (ind) (21) Kabandha-papa: (m prop) (22) insinuate-37 +31 (1P)
Kaikeyi- i (f prop) (11) install—A + (7P) (17 verse); Kailāsa— ta: (m prop)
ufa +9164 (22)
Kākutstha, name of Rāma instant- 14 (n) (20)
A FT: (m) (20) intellectea: (n) (9); 4511 (f) Kāma, god of love_01462: (m) intelligence—54: (f) (11);
(19) intelligent-मनस्विन् (adj)
karma—0A(n) (8) interior-3764 (n); from
Kausalyā—Piel (f prop) (11) inside, from out of—37RTCI
Khara—R: (m prop) (19) (ind) (21)
kill—A + (2P); 24 (1P) (20); iron bar—9R4: (m) (20)
(2P) (4); killed-58 (adj) (4); to be killed—ata (adj) (21); killing—94: (m) (21);
66 (n) (6) Janaka-3140: (m prop) (8) kin-F954: (m) (21) Janasthāna—JAFF (n prop) king-अधिपतिः (m); अधिराजः (m)
(19)
(19); 74: (m) (4); J4fa: (m) Jațāyus—5278 (m prop) (20, (13); fa: (m) (5); 144: (m)
(4); <T5F (m) (8); king jest—RETH: (m) (19)
maker—275190 (m) (18; jewel jewel—HT: (m) (10); <6014 (n)
among kings—27514101: (m) (5 (13 verse)
verse) join—5 (7P/A) (18); À + 1
kingdom—27547 (n) (5); 1954 (3P) (8); joined—(adj)
(n) (16); kingly rule— 1944 (n) (19); da (adj) (20)
(5) joke—YREIH: (m) (19)
Kiskindhā—fotoappal (f prop) joy—376-: (m); 464: (m) (18); | (22)
Gear(n); joyfully-HARGA kiss— (1P) (18 verse); (ind) (5)
kissed—चुम्बित (adj) jump— (1Ā) (22); jump up- know— 7 (9P) (6); fac (2P);
36 + 4 (1P)
HHIETI (A4+ 371 + ) (9P) (18); just_59 (ind) (6)
known-अभिज्ञात (adj); आवेदित (adj) (22); knowing — (adj)
511
-L
(12) (HH1H ); knowledge- wise people-fag 554: (m) (11 344 (n) (12); knower-10 verse)
(adj) (end of cmpd.)(12.17) letter-CAR: (m) (21) koil— allo : (m)
liberate—79 (6P); liberation ksatriya क्षत्रियः (m)
H&: (m) (14); liberated—4
(adj) lick-FE (6P); C (2P);
licked 16 (adj) lady-01 (f) (7); FR (f) (6) lie down— (2A) lake—H: (n) (16)
life- 14 (n) (21) Laksmana 3&44: (m prop) (5); life story—ata (n) (4)
son of Sumitra- सौमित्रिः (m
lift 3G + (1P) (5 verse, 6) prop) (18)
light—HRT: (m) (21) lament- + 4(1P) (14, 17
lightning bolt— RIA: (f) (11) verse)
like—377*45 (adj) (21); 50 (ind) lance—104(n) (20)
(4); 34 (adj); - (ind) (12); land— : (f) (10)
HGT (adj) (14); H (adj) Lankā, name of Rāvana’s capital
(20); (relative)— (ind) (6) city-miş (f prop) (20)
| like, be fond of —371 +3-51 (47) large—HER (adj) (11)
(8) last—31127 (adj); 32(adj) (20 limb—JEH (n) (7, 18 verse)
verse); last resort-4141414 (
lineage_021: (m) (12) + 3244140 (n) (5 verse)
lion—HE: (m) (15) later-उत्तर (adj)
listen-+(4P) (20); }(5P) laugh—66 (1P) (12); laughter
(5); 311 + Jourd (21) 614: (m) (19)
little-ball (n) (10) law (m) (12)
live-511(6P) (4); f +(1P) lead— (1P) (10); lead away
(20); living-sifaa (adj) (10) 379 + (1P); leader—ar: living being-51 (m) (15) (m) (17); }(m) (10)
load—HR: (m) (9) leaf—954 (n) (8); yum (n) (19)
log2164 (n) (14) leap (1Ā) (22)
long-(of time)—forf (adj) (14) leam—372 (31791 + ) (2A);
(of distance) —524 (ind) (21, leaming-fael (f) (19 verse) learned—1958 (adj) (7); learned long ago 27 (ind) (13)
man—1054: (m); (7) Fagia (m); long life, conducive to—3779
(adj) (22)
512
12
look at–fà + (10P) (20
verse) loose—RTES (adj) (18 verse) lord—$27: (m) (19); $8: (m)
1: (m) (12)(see 21.3.b);
(10); lord of—5-5: (m) (21)(HHIHIRI) loss014: (m) (18) lost—40€ (adj) lotus_04874 (n) (16) love-PFTE (4P) (5); 3) + 351
(47) (8); fup: (m) (22); FRE: (m); lover-41144 (m) (21); make love-24 (1Ā) (21) lovely 4R (adj) (12) lure away—379 + 916 (22)
(णिजन्त of अप + वह)
-M
mark—681414 (n) (11 verse) marked—31f5a (adj) (18 verse) marry- Ruit (4R+ ft) (1P) (8);
marriage-fe: (m) (7);
married—failes (adj) (12) mass—RIRT: (m) meaning—3781: (m) (13); ‘for the
sake of_37077 (ind) (20 verse)
(at end of compound) means—3474: (m) (21) meanwhile—ald (ind) (6) meditate—&I (4Ā);
meditation—E264 (n) (7) meet-H4 + (2P) (14); meet
ing-HARTH: (m) (18) memory
; possessed of memory ay (adj) (11) mental faculty—49: (n) (9) mere— (ind) (8 verse) messenger— : (m) met with—HR (adj) (22) middle—HEZ: (m) (19) mighty_oort (adj) (21) milk, to—GE (2P); milk—94: (n) Mimāmsā school of philoso ___phy-मीमांसा (1)
mind_at” (n) (12); HT: (i) (6);
47: (n) (9) mine-मामक (adj) misery—:44 (n) (4) missing—fen (adj) (16); A
(adj) (16) Mithilā—FARMI (f prop) (7) moment—444 (n); echt (n)
(20); for a moment—HT (ind) (11)
mad3-431 (adj) (19); mad
man-उन्मत्तः (m) magic—HR41(f) (21); endowed
with magical power—fac (adj)
(6 verse) (lit., “accomplished”) make-5 (8P) (5); made —
(adj) (10); maker_opt man—: (m) (17, 18 verse);
934: (m) (6); 4924: (m) (6);
4179: (m) (20); 4119 (m) (20) Manu, relating to 469 (ad))
manual readiness-हस्तलाघवम् (n)
(10 verse) many—6 (adj) (7); many
times—aE9RH (ind) (18) Mārica—HRIE: (m prop) (21)
513
(1)
monkey_calu (m) (13, 18
verse); 147: (m) (13); ER: (m) (19 verse); best of monkeys ARR: (m) (22); lord of mon
keys&IR (adj) (22) moon—5-6: (m) (14); 2-5: (m)
(8 verse, 16); aritu14: (m) (lit.,
“lord of the stars”); IF (m) moral taint-00444 (n) (22) moreover-3119 a (ind) (9) morning, in the — (=915:)
(ind) (21) mortal—504: (m) (6) mosquito—HR795: (m); to turn
into a mosquito— HRVAT (13
verse) mother—3476|1 (f) (11); HTL (f)
(10) mount-वाहनम् (n) mountain—AIR: (m) (21)
mouse-मूषिकः (m) moveo (1P); R (1P) (15);
251 (1P); 24 (1P) (16); moved—aica (adj); moving
- (adj) (12) mule— R: (m) (21) murder Efel (f) mutilated—facta (adj) (19)
Nandi (or Nandin)—afa: (m
prop) (19) | Nandigrāma-नन्दिग्रामः (m prop)
(22) nasty—4144 (adj) (11 verse, 12) nature-Testa: (f) (18 verse) nearly-971 (adj) (21) nearness—H4144 (n) (11) necessarily—379244 (ind) neck— al (f) necklace—HIOT (f) (13 verse);
ar: (m) (8 verse) neglect- (18) neighborhood, in the immediate
of_464 (adj) (20) net—3110 (n) (12) new_219 (adj) (21 verse) news-वृत्त (n); वृत्तान्तः (m) (14) night-roamer—FRIER: (m) nine—7071 (adj) (for declension
see 19.6) no (negative particle) — (ind)
(4); 41-(ind) (11, 19) (with imperative and aorist injunc
tive) non-—37-, 37- (14) noose—YR: (m) (19) nose—HHH (f) (19) notice—A + 4 (10P/Ā) (15) now—379 (ind); 3TYFI (ind) (11);
GRA (ind)(7) nymph—374HCEL (1)
-N
Nala—785: (m prop) (22) name, to3777 + (3P); name
77747214 (n) (5); 7147 (n) (8); namely, “by name”_H (ind) (4)
obedient—37galt (adj) (20) oblation-fa: (n)
514
(10)
obtain-आप (5P) (7); अनुप्राप् (अनु | otherwise-अन्यथा (ind) (19)
- 9 + 314) (5P) (22); 379114 outside— 16 (ind) (18) (379 + 3114) (5P) (22); ob- overcome—3772 +4 (1P) (10); tained—9194 (adj) (12)
3177F (adj) (10) occupied—31 (adj) (18 overjoyed— CC (adj) (11)
verse)
overlord—3TTERI3: (m) (19) occurred-(adj) (17) ocean—301a: (m) (16, 22); 3974:
-P (m) (14); HEIGT: (m) (22); ar11:(m) (13 verse); HPR: (m) pacify-HTO (10P) (15); be (10)
pacified—9+ C (1P) (13) offense-3742T47: (m) (13)
pair द्वन्द्वम् (n) offer—5 (3P) (9)
palace-TAG: (m) (12); 4944 (n) offspring—451(f) (5)
(13); 4f-424 (n) (17); H6774 (n) ointment-fac3474 (n) (8 verse) old—fluf (adj) (10); TE (adj) (9); pale-aqui (adj) (13)
old age—5R1 (f) (16)
palms together (held in re on account of_opa (ind) (12) spect)—310511: (m) (16)
(with 987 or at end of cmpd.) Pampā—4+41 (f prop) (21) once-एकदा (ind) (4)
Pāndava—41054: (m prop) once, at—झटिति (ind)
paralyzed स्तब्ध (adj) one—15 (adj) (5,19)
pardon (1Ā) one’s own Fa (adj) (7 verse, 17, parents—THARI (m nom dual of
18 verse)
PE) oneself स्वयम् (ind) (4,8) parrot-14: (m) only—केवलम् (ind) (12) | Parvati—पार्वती (f prop); गिरिराजपुत्री oppressed—पीडित (adj) (4); बाधित (f) (19)
(adj) (6); Haki (adj) (22) path—460 (f) (21); 41: (m) or—al (ind) (7)
(10) order—317511 (f) (9)
peaceful— (adj) (5,9) ornament-49414 (n) (8 verse) peak-Rrer(n) (18) ornamented—37 (adj) (8 people—54: (m) (4, 15); 105:
verse, 19 verse); 194 (adj) (18,(m) (9, 21) 19 verse)
perceive—A +54 (10P/Ā)(15); other—3771 (adj) (5); 374 (adj)
1 fa + ta (10P) (20 verse) (9, 17); 42 (adj) (15)
period of time—844: (m) (11)
515
perish— RI (4P) (4) permit—371 + T (4P) (9);
permission—31 (f) (7) person—54: (m); T : (m) (6) perverse-facta (adj) (17) pierced—H (ad) (20) pinnacle—RRACH (n) (18) piśāca, type of demon—192114
(m) pity_ Cul (f) (12) place, to- + 1419 (6P) (9);
place-देशः (m) (6); स्थानम् (n)
(18); place of rest— 4: (m) plane- 0 (n) (12)
plantain tree-कदली (f) (14) play—*15 (1P) (18 verse, 21);
IST (f) (12); TT (f) (8) pleasantha (ad) (20) pleased, be—9+ HC (1P) (13);
pleased—41 (ad) (10);
प्रीतप्रीत (adj) (22) pleasure—ofa: (f) (11 verse);
according to pleasure —
Jurgh (ind) (19) poet—कविः (m) poetry_कविता (f) (15) point out-JG + faal (6P) (13);
A + Get (18) poison—994 (n) (15) portion—852194 (n) (10) possess—Y (10P/A) (8 verse) possessed of form- (m; f -
pot-bellied— FRIGT (adj),
37614 (f adj) (19) poverty-GiRG214 (n) (6 verse,
- power—9479: (m) (8, 9 verse);
6874 (n) (17 verse, 19); 21: (m)
(14); aft: (f) (20) powerful, be—9+ 4(1P);
powerful— 16 (adj) (20) practically-YPR: (ind) practice—311 + R (1P) (7) praise- - (1A) (9 verse, 13
verse, 15); FE (2P) (9) prattleg + 754 (1P); prattling
45514: (m) precious— (adj) (17, 19) prepared-प्रारब्ध (adj) prevented—A+ą (5P/A) (19) previous" (adj) (5);
previously—पुरा (ind); पूर्वम्
(ind) (15) prison—GRAMR: (m) (10) proceed—+ (1A) (13) produced from—-3 (adj) (18)
(HHTHIRA) producer of—कारिन् (adj) promise—yfa + TI (9P) (8); | promised (adj) (12) proper—*(adj); properly
Arlon (adv) (21) proper wife—Hot (f) (22) propitiating—THIGA (adj) (17
verse) prosperity—5&(f) (17) protect—41 (2P) (18); 48 (10P)
(11); protector—-9 (adj)
gri)
post-F74: (m) (18 verse) pot-074: (m) (10)
516
(HATHT); 75: (m) (6); protection—8414(n) (7); protected by—qeyd (adj) (22) proud—alda (adj) (8) purify-9 (9P/Ā) (19); pure
fa (adj) (22); MG (adj) (13) pyre-fall (f) (10 verse)
-Q
quality—14: (m) (5, 11 verse) queen—a (f) (7) question-24: (m) (19) question marker—31f9 (ind) (4) quickly—994 (ind) (21); fra
(adv) (6) quiet—274 (4A) quotation mark—stà (ind) (4)
Ramayana-रामायणम् (n prop) rapt in thought— (4P) (22) rat—4194: (m) Rāvaņa— R: (m prop) (21);
(94: (m prop) (21) reach—HHIHE (H4 + 371 + HG)
(10P) (22) read—(1P) (15); for (adj) ready-H557 (adj) (18) real—H14 (n) (10, 11 verse) realize—a + FT (9Ā) (16) reason- CRU (n) (15) reassure—371 +41 (22);
reassured-at (adj) (22) recall—37+ (1P) (11) receive—914 (9+ 3114 (5P) (16) recognize—3774+ J1 (9P);
recognized-3 (adj) recourse (n) Pur4 (+
- (n)(5 verse) recourse to—15 (1P/A) (18) reddened—<+ (adj) reference to, with—31E2 (ind)
(13) refined Hegoa (adj) (8 verse) reflect—a + ER (1P) (7 verse) regard (H4 + 9 + $8) (6Ā)
(13) region—927: (m) (6) reign-9 + QTTE (2P) (13) rejoiceG (1P) (18 verse); 9+
5 (1P) (22) relate—371 + Toll (2P) (22); TH
(1P) (22) relative—apa: (m) (18) release-T (6P) (20); ET (6P)
-R
race—RT: (m) (12) rage— 14: (m) (14); RF: (m)
(14) Rāghava—2799: (m prop) (7) Raghu—24: (m prop) Rajagrha-राजगृहम् (n) (17) rākşasa—27&H: (m) (6); 78: (n)
(20); rākşasa woman—Tara
Rama-रामः (m prop); दाशरथिः
(lit., son of Daśaratha); 109: (lit., descendant of Raghu);
- 21: (m) (5 verse) (lit., lord of Ramā); greet: (lit., descendant of Kakutstha) (20)
517
(16); वि + सृज् (6P) (16); | rice-व्रीहिः (m) released—मुक्त (adj)
ridicule उपहासः (m) (15); प्र + हस् religious austerities—14: (n); (1P) (8)
practice of—014 (1P/Ā) right -धर्मः (m) (12) remain_स्था (1P) (7)
righteous-धर्मचारिन् (adj) (22); remember स्मृ (1P); अनु + स्मृ
धार्मिक (adj) (4); साधु (adj) (11 (1P) (11)
verse) remove-अप + नी (1P)
ritual bath—37744: (m) (19) repeat-अनु + वद् (1P)
ritual offering to the gods—451: reply-उत्तरम् (n) (17)
(m) (5) report-वृत्तम् (n); वृत्तान्तः (m) (14)
| river नदी (f) (19) repulsion-बीभत्सा (1)
road—मार्गः (m) (10) resolution-व्यवसायः (m)
roamer—EIR (m) (11) resort, last-परायणम् (पर + अयणम्)
| roar-गर्छ (1P) (22); नद् (1P) (n) (5 verse)
__ (19); नादः (m)(15 verse, 22) resort to—समाश्रि (सम् + आ + श्रि) room-शाला (1) (16)
(1P)
rope-रज्जुः (1) (17) respect-आदरः (m); मानय (11 rough-कर्कश (adj) (16)
verse); with respect-सादरम् royal sage-राजर्षिः (m) (12) (ind); respected-बहुमत (adj); ruined—700 (adj) (6) to be respected—मान्य (adj) (11 | | rule-प्र+ शास् (2P) (13); शास् (2A)
verse)
(18); विधिः (m) (15); शासनम् (n) resting place-874: (m)
(18); rule a kingdom-राज्यं + restless—पर्युत्सुक (adj)
5 (8P/Ā); ruler-317974: (m) restrain, to—यम् (1A); re
(16) strained—यत (adj); संयत (adj) run-द्रु (1P) (19); स्रु (1P) (19) returm—प्रति + नि + वृत् (1A) (18);
पत्याया (प्रति + आ + या) (2P) (17);
-S वि+ नि + वृत् (1A) (18) revere-पूज् (10P) (9 verse, 19);
sacrifice-यज (1P/A) (17); जज्ञः reverence—:14: (n)(5 verse,
(m) (5); sacrificed—इष्ट (adj) 9); पूजा (f) (15)
sadness—206: (m) (13) reversal-परिवर्तनम् (n) (12) sage—ऋषिः (m) (6); मुनिः (m) (6); revile-अप + वद् (1P) (8); निन्द् साधुः (m) (9)
(1P); reviled—निन्दित (adj) salty-लवण (adj) (22) Rgveda-ऋग्वेदः (m prop) (19 same सम (adj) (14); same as
verse)
__ अनुरूपक (adj)
518
Sampati सम्पातिः (m prop) (22) | send—प्र + स्थापय् (22); प्रेष् (प्र + sandal_पादुका () (18)
__इष) (6) satirical laughter-34614: (m) | sense-इन्द्रियम् (n) (14, 22);
(15)
___senseless—मूर्छित (adj) satisfied, be-तृप (4P/A) (19) | sense organ-इन्द्रियम् (n) (14,22) Saumitri, son of Sumitrā, sensual enjoyment-भोगः (m)
Laksmana-सौमित्रिः (m
(16) prop)(19)
separate-व्यपे (वि + अप + इ) say—अह; अभिधा (अभि + धा) (3P); | (2P); separated from—विरहित
अभिभाष (अभि + भाष) (1A); भण्
(adj) (16); separation—वियोगः (1P) (21); भाष् (1A) (4); प्र+भाष (m) (1A); बू(2P) (11); भाष् (1A) (4); | servant-अनुचरः (m); दासः (m) (5 वच् (2P); वद् (1P) (4); संभाष् (सम् | verse, 19) + भाष) (1A)
| serve-उपास् (उप + आस्) (2A) scholarly text_शास्त्रम् (n) (14) | (22); सेव् (1A) (10, 11 verse); science of archery धनुर्वेदः (m) served सेवित (adj) (10);
(6)
service सेवा (f) search for—मार्ग (1A) (22)
set down न्यस्त (adj) (18) sea—अर्णवः (m) (16, 22); उदधिः | set of four चतुष्टयम् (n) (5)
(m) (14); महोदधिः (m) (22); | set out-प्र+स्था (1P) (18) वाराशिः (m) (13 verse); सागरः (m) | settled—निश्चित (adj) (10)
seven सप्तन् (adj) (19) seat-आसनम् (n) (18); seated—
severe-दारुण (adj).(13) उपविष्ट (adj) (19)
severed—विच्छिन्न (adj).(19) second-द्वितीय (adj) (11) sexual intercourse-मिथुनम् (n) security—374274 (n) (19 verse) | Sabari- शबरी (f prop) (22) see-दृश् (non-present form of shake—कम्प (1A) (21); क्षुभ् (1A); ___पश्) (11); पश् (4P) (4); प्रेक्ष् (प्र + |
shaken क्षुब्ध (adj) (10); ईक्ष) (1A) (19); सं + दृश् (1P) shaking कम्पनम् (n) (21) (22); संप्रेक्ष् (सम् + प्र + ईक्ष),(6A) | Sakuntala-शकुन्तला (f prop) (13)
Salah tree शालः (m) (18) seem-दृश् (non-present form of | Sambhu—शम्भुः (m prop) (8)
पश्) (11); भा (2P) (13) shame—व्रीडा (f) (22) seer-ऋषिः (m) (6)
sharp तीक्ष्ण (adj) (4) seize—ग्रह → गृह्णाति (9P) (16)
śāstra, in accordance with self—31724 (m) (7 verse, 8) यथाशास्त्रम् (ind)519
Satrughna शत्रुघ्नः (m prop) (5) | Sita_मैथिली (f prop) (21); वैदेही shine—5023 (1Ā) (21); 11 (2P) / (f prop) (16); Fid (f prop) (6)
(22); राज् (1P/A); शुभ (1A); six षष् (adj) (see 19.6)
shining-उज्ज्व ल (adj) (8 verse) sixteen-91521 (adj) (see 19.6) Siva, ‘supreme lord’—परमेश्वरः skill-हस्तलाघवम् (n) (10 verse)
(m); ईशः (m) (19); शिवः (m skip over_अति + पत् (1P) prop); त्रिलोचनः (m) (lit., three- | sky-आकाशाम् (n) (16); खम् (n) eyed); नीलकण्ठः (n) (lit., blue- (12)
necked); शम्भुः (m prop) (8) slack-शिथिल (adj) (18 verse) shore-तीरम् (n) (22)
slaughter—74: (m) (21) shortly—3FERIT (ind)
slave—ald: (m) (5 verse, 19) show–नि + दर्शय (णिजन्त of नि + | slay-अभि + हन् (2P); वध् (1P)
दृश्)(18)
(20); slain—अभिहत (adj) (5 shun—परि + ह (1P) (19 verse) verse, 20); निहत (adj) (19); Śūrpaņakhā—24ural (f prop) slayer—हन्(adj) (12); slay
(19)
ing—हत्या (1) sigh— निः + श्वस् (2P) (15) sleep स्वप् (2P); निद्रा (f) (12) sight-दर्शनम् (n)
slender-वृत्त (fig) (19) sign-लक्षणम् (n) (11 verse) small bit-लशम् (n) (10) silence —मौनम् (n)
smeared-दिग्ध (adj) (20) silver_रजतम् (n) (21)
smile—f (1P/A) (19); with a similarity-उपमा (f) (13) _smile-स्मितपूर्वम् (ind) (19) simile-उपमा (f) (13)
snake—H4: (m) (19 verse, 20) sin अपराधः (m) (13); पापम् (n); snare—जालम् (n) (12)
sinful person—41454: (m); so long-तावत् (ind) (6); so long sinner—पापिन् (m; f-इनी); as—यावत् (ind) (6)
sinless—3779 (adj) (22) soma HTH: (m) since (relative)—44: (ind) (6) somehow or other-कथमपि (-चित, sing-गै (1P) (10, 18 verse); -चन) (ind)
sung-गीत
son-आत्मजः (m) (22); तनयः (m) sink down–नि + पत् (1P) (18) (15); पुत्रः (m) (4); वत्सः (m) (16); sir—371: (m) (11); “my lord”— सुतः (m) (12)
आर्यपुत्रः (11)
song-गीता (1) sister-भगिनी (f) (19)
soon—अचिरात् (ind) (12) sit—आस् (2A); उप + विश् (6P) soothe—परिसान्त्व् (10P) (18)
(11); सद् (1P) (see 7.15.c) (7)
520
4
sorrow-दुःखम् (n) (4)
stir up_उत्पादय् (20) soul-देहिन् (m) (21 verse) story-आख्यानम् (n) (22); कथा (1) sound-अक्षरम् (n); शब्दः (m) (18); . (15); वृत्त (n); वृत्तान्तः (m) (14)
स्वनः (m) (19); स्वरः (m) (19) | stratagem—उपायः (m) (21) sovereignty शासनम् (n) (18) straw-तृणम् (n) (8) speak—अह; अभिधा (अभि+ धा) stream—सरित (f); ocean सरितां
(3P); अभिभाष (अभि + भाष्)(1A); पतिः (lit., lord of streams) (22) भण् (1P) (21); भाष् (1A) (4); प्र + | strength-बलम् (n) (17 verse, 19)
भाष (1A); बू(2P) (11); भाष् (1A) strike हन् (2P) (4) - (4); वच् (2P); वद् (1P) (4); संभाष strong-बलिन् (adj) (20)
(सम् + भाष्) (1A)
student-शिष्यः (m) (17) spear शल्यम् (n) (16)
stupefied-मूढ (adj) (11); मूर्छित speckled—चित्र (adj) (21)
(adj) speech भाषा (f); वचः (n) (13); | subdue—पराजि (परा + जि) (1P)
वचनम् (n) (5); वाच (क) (f) (8
(14); वि + जि (1A) (5 verse); verse,21.1.a); वाक्यम् (n) (14); subdued जित (adj) (14)
वाणी (f) (8 verse, 20 verse) subject to 371 + P(1P) (17) speed— वेगः (m) (13)
such-ईदृश (adj) (14); तादृश (adj) splendor-तेजः (n) (9)
(12); of such a kind, of such a split—भिद् (7P) (20)
sort—एवंरूपम् (idiom) (20) split-भिन्न (adj)
suddenly सहसा (ind) (19) spoken उक्त (adj) (10); भाषित suffer —तप् (1P/A)
(adj); spoken to—उक्त (adj)
sufficient—अलम् (ind) (15) (with (10); प्रोक्त (adj) (19)
तृतीया) sport-क्रीडा (f) (12); लीला (1) (8) | Sugriva-सुग्रीवः (m prop) (22)
spot-बिन्दुः (m) (18); spotted- suitable-अनुरुप (adj) (19); क्षम * चित्र (adj) (21)
(21); सदृश (adj) (14) sprung up उत्पन्न (adj) (13) Sumitra सुमित्रा (f prop) stabilized-स्थित (adj) (14) summon—आहू (आ + हू) (4A) (12) stand—स्था (1P) (7); stand up
| sun—आदित्यः (m) (22); सूर्यः (m) उत्+स्था (1P) (8); standing
(9) -स्थ (adj) (17) (cmpd.); stand
sung—afta (adj) ing, stood—स्थित (adj) (14)
sunk-निमग्न (adj) (10) starting from—प्रभृति (ind) (17)
superior-उत्तर (adj) steal-चुर् (10P)
supreme उत्तम (adj) (8); पर (adj) sticking—लय (adj)
(22); परम (adj) (6, 17)
521
surely—निश्चित (ind) (14); हि (ind) | tell_अभिधा (अभि + धा) (3P); अह;
(19)
आख्या (आ + ख्या) (2P) (22); कथ् surface—तलम् (n) (12)
(10P) (22); बू (2P) (11) surrounded—परिवृत (adj) (17); | ten—दशन् (adj) (19.6)
संवृत (adj) (19)
tender कोमल (adj) (16) survive—5119 (6P) (4)
terrible उग्र (adj) (20); क्रूर (adj) sweet-मधुर (adj) (15); sweetly | __(12); घोर (adj) (12); भयङ्कर (adj)
मधुरम् (ind) (15)
(19 verse); भीम (adj) (20); भैरव sword—314: (m); 45: (m) (19) | (adj) (19); very terrible syllable-अक्षरम् (n)(15); -कारः सुदारुण (adj) (19)
(m) (21) (at end of word, e.g., | terror-वित्रासः (m) (21);
अकारः, “the letter or syllable terrified संत्रस्त (adj) (21) ‘a’")
test_परीक्षा (1)
that—असौ (m,)(19); अदः(n) -T
(19); सः (m); तत् (n) (6); सा (f)
(6) tail—पुच्छम् (n) (18 verse)
| then-अथ (ind) (6); ततः (ind) take-आ + दा (3P) (21); आ +स्था
___(5); तदा (ind) (6); तर्हि (ind) (6) (1P) (21); प्रति + ग्रह (9P) (18)
there-तत्र (ind) (4) take away-विह (वि + हृ) (1P)
therefore-अतः (ind) (21) take place-प्रवृत् (प्र + वृत्) (1A)
thief-तस्करः (m) (22); चोरः (m) (13)
thing-5074 (n) (18) take seriously हृदये + कृ (idiom)
| think—चिन्त (10P) (4); मन् (4A) (14)
(4); think about—विचर् (वि+ taken over-आक्रान्त (adj) (18
चर्) (1P) (7 verse) verse)
thirst-पिपासा (f) (18) (सनन्त of पा) tale-अनुकथनम् (n) (22)
this—इदम् (n) (19); अयम् (m); इयम् talk—4014: (m)
(n) (19); एषः (m) (6); एतत् (n) tall-तुङ्ग (adj) (21)
(6);एषा (f) (6) Tara-तारा (f prop) (22)
thom—कण्टकः (m) (19) target-लक्ष्यम् (n) (20)
| thought-चित्तम् (n) (20); धीः (1); teach-उपदिश (उप + दिश) (6P)
__ मत (adj) teacher-3722114: (m); : (m)
thousand सहस्रम् (n) (16) tear —37] (n) (13); tears—31104:
three-त्रि (adj) (see 19.6) (m) (14)
three worlds: heaven, earth, tear to pieces_उत्कृत (उत् + कृत)
hell- त्रैलोक्यम् (n) (22) (6P) (20)
।
522
-U.
throat—कण्ठः (m) (17); ग्रीवा (1) truth-तत्त्वम् (n) (21); सत्यम् (n) throne-सिंहासनम् (n) (18)
(10, 11 verse) throw—क्षिप् (6P) (20); throw try—प्रयत् (प्र + यत्) (1A) (8) ___down—नि + क्षिप् (6P) (9) turn back—निवृत् (नि + वृत्) (1A) thunder-गर्जनम् (n) (10); (20); विनिवृत् (वि + नि + वृत) (1A)
thunderbolt_0574 (n) (12) (18) thus—एवम् (ind); तथा (ind) | twice-bom-द्विजः (m) (6) tiger_04114: (m) (16); tigress
two; only in dual-द्वि (adj) _ व्याघी () (19)
(11,19) : time-कालः (m) (5, 21); समयः (m) … (11); in the course of time .. कालेन (ind) (5)
titan-असुरः (m) (21)
ugly—कुरूप (adj) (19); विरूप (adj) to—प्रति (ind) (6, 14)
(19); विरूपिन् (adj) (19); ugly
faced—दुर्मुखी (f) (19) to the extent that-तावत् (ind) (6);
यावत् (ind) (6)
un- -अ-, अन्- (14) today—अद्य (ind) (13)
uncle, maternal-मातुलः (m) (17)
toil-श्रमः (m) (15)
unconquered—अजित (adj) (14) token-लक्षणम् (n) (11 verse)
understand-अवगम् (अव + गम्)
(1P) (6); अवबुध् (अव + बुध्) tolerate-मृष (4A); सह (1A);
(4A) (7 verse) tolerance क्षमा (1);
undertake-आरम् (आ + रम्) (1A); tomorrow-श्वः (ind) (16)
प्रा + रम् (प्र + आ + रम) (1A); too—अति (ind); अपि (ind) (4)
undertaken-आरब्ध (adj) topknot-जटा (1) (22)
undone-अकृत (adj) torment—प्र+ मथ् (1P) (21)
unhappy-दुःखित (adj) (6) towards—प्रति (ind) (6, 14)
unheard-अश्रुत (adj) - transgress—अतिक्रम् (अति + क्रम्)
uninhabited-निर्मनुष्य (adj) (1P)
united with-संगत (adj) (20) tree-द्रुमः (m); पादपः (m); वृक्षः (m)
universal वैश्व (adj) (11)
universe-जगत् (n) (6 verse, 20 tremble उद् + विज् (6A) (6, 17);
क्षुभ् (1A); कम्प् (1A) (6);
___verse); त्रैलोक्यम् (n) (22)
| unreal-मिथ्या (ind) (9) trembling-0374.74 (n) (21);
unwise—319105 (adj) trembled कम्पित (adj) (21)
| urged—प्रचोदित (adj) (21); प्रेरित true भव्य (adj) (20 verse)
(adj) (21)
.v.
Vaiśravana-aay: (m prop)
(20) Vālin—a (m prop) (22) Vālmiki_alshift: (m prop) (15) valor— 194: (m) (21); art (n)
(14); 2114 (n) (21) valuable thing-50444 (n) (18) Vasiştha—aths: (m prop) (17
verse) veda-a: (m) (6) Vedic sacrifice_451: (m) (5) vehicle-वाहनम् (n) very—31fa (ind); 3761a (ind) (4);
(ind) (6) Vibhisana— 194: (m prop)
(22) vicinity—8414 (n) (11) vicious—goe (adj) victor—ta (m) (10) view—दर्शनम् (n) violate-0144 (18); violation
19: (m) (18) violence—fon (f) (20) virtually-RRT: (ind) virtue— 494: (m) (5, 11 verse) vital spot— ** (n) (20) vow-ufa + FT (9P) (8); vowed
fata (adj) (12) vulture—T4: (m) (22) Vịtra— : (m prop)
523
wait-tayres (fa + 4165) (18);
wait upon—3414 (34 + 31741)
(2A) (22) walk_o (1P) (15); 95 (1P);
HER ( + 0) (1P) (15) wander—44 (1P) (19); for (fa
- (1P) (19); fant (fa + 47)
(1P); wanderer-alk (m) (11) wander (as a mendicant)—Ras!
(4 +950) (1P); wandering
ascetic-परिव्राजकः (m) want—54 (6P) (8); wanted—SE warble (1P) (15) waste-a(1P) waste away—(1P) (10) water-3444 (n) (12); 564 (n)
(16); 144 (n) (16); aR (n);
waters—374 (f pl only) (22) way—ala: (f) (6,20 verse) weak— RIS (adj) (18 verse) wealth-द्रव्यम् (n) (18); धनम् (n)
(9 verse, 16) weapon—164 (n) (18) weep57 (2P) (17) weight—HR: (m) (9) welfare-red: (m) (20 verse, 21) what (relative)—46 (-a) (n pr)
(6); what?—1964 (n. interroga tive pr); + चित् (ind), चन (ind)— indefinite pronoun, see
6.19) when (relative) G (ind) (6);
when?—076 (ind) whence— 8: (ind) (6);
whence?-71: (ind) where (relative) (ind) (6);
-W
waist_4224: (m) (19)
524
woman (who has not had
children)-74141(f) (21) wonderful!—ANY (ind) word—109:; words (as
collective)—0974 (n) (5) world— rel (n) (6 verse, 20
verse); 19: (m) (20 verse); 10:
(m) (9,21) worldly-existence—H4: (m) (20
verse)
where?- (ind); 2 (ind) which?—94 (n. interrogative pr) whirling about_qRad 4 (n) (12) who (relative)—4: (m pr) (6); 4
(f pr) (6); who?—994 (n.
interrogative pr) why?—किमिति (ind) (13); कुतः
(ind) wife-46 (f); -rf (f) (5); GRI:
(only occurs in plural) will— FERIH (n) (20); at will
9414144 (ind) win-34 (37 + Fil
) (1P) (8); FS (1P) (9) win over—37H (37 + )(1P)
(11 verse) wind-अनिलः (m); वातः (m) (22);
ar: (m) (13) wise बुद्धिमन्त् (adj; f -अती) (11);
मनस्विन् (adj); विद्वांस (m); wise people-fag 554: (m) (11 verse); wise man—1054: (m)
worry-Famill (f) (7) worship5 (10P) (9 verse, 19);
H5(1P/A) (5 verse); 951 (f) worthy-346 (1P) (13); 376 (ad) wrinkle—af: (m) (18 verse) write-fresca (6P); written askea
(adj) (15)
-Y
(7)
wish—54 (6P) (8); QRT: (m) (11);
according to your wish
72024.(ind) (21) wit-16: (f) (11) with—H- (ind) (only as first
member of compound) (14);
HE (ind) (5) with respect to-fa (ind) (6, 14) without- 31-, 37- (14); A: (ind) 1
(only as first member of
compound) (14); faal (ind) (4) woman-ari (f) (6); (f) (21);
Yama_44: (m prop) (12);
Yama’s realm—446014: (m) year-2844 (n) (15); BACH: (m)
(14); for a year — Hache
(ind) yellow-fra (adj); ‘having a
yellow garment,’ epithet of
Visnu—पीताम्बरः (m) yoga_T1: (m) yogi योगिन् (m; f-इनी) you— 3 AR (m) (polite) (11); 694 (pr) (see 4.46.b); (m)
(f -at) (polite) (see 11.2.b) young—(adj) (18 verse);
youth—al00: (m) (4, 17)
INDEX
a-aorist, see aorist abhyāsa, see reduplication ablative case (pañcamī), 61, 80-81 absolute constructions (sati saptami
/ satah şasthi), 265-267: see also genitive absolute, locative absolute absolute final position, 31-32 abstract construction, see bhāve
prayoga accusative (dvitiyā), 60, 67 action nouns, see derivational
suffixes ad or second gaña, 120-123:
examples of, 121-122; internal consonant sandhi of, 120-121; irregular roots of, 122-123; see
also non-a ganas adah, “that," 343 adjectival karmadhāraya com
pounds, 212 adjectival application of com
pounds, see bahuvrihi adjectives (višeşaņas): in -in, 207
208, 386; made from desidera tives, 327-328; mahant, “great,” 192; negation of, 106; suffixes - mant and -vant, 193-194; that
follow pronominal declension, 85 87; verbal, 176-177; see also
participles adverbs (avyayapadas), 99-102,
407-409: see also indeclinables; suffixes, 406-409— -dhā, 407 408; -dā, 99,102; -śaḥ, 408; -tah, 99,102,407; tham, 99, 102; -tha,
99, 102; -tra, 99, 102; -vat, 407 adyatanabhūte luñ, see aorist
systems affixes, derivational (pratyaya), see
derivational suffixes and adverbs
āgama (preterite augment), 142,
352, 353 a-ganas, 115: of lat, 118-120, 126,
129, 132; of lan, 143-144; of liñ (ātmanepada), 249; of liñ (parasmaipada) 247-248; of loț,
197-200; see also ganas agent nouns, see derivational
suffixes agentive suffix in -ts, 170-176, 375
376: guņa of, 173 aghoșa, see nonvoicing aham, “I," paradigm of, 71 akarmaka-dhātus, “intransitive
roots," 65: bhūte krdanta of, see bhūte kļdanta; of causatives, see
causative akşaras, see syllables alpaprāņa, see non-aspiration anādare şaşthi (genitive of disre
spect), 266 anadyatanabhavisyatkāle luț, see
periphrastic future anadyatanabhūte lan, see imperfect anit roots, 273-274 antaḥsthas, see semivowels anusvāra, 4: pronunciation of, 8, 18 aorist (adyatanabhūte lun) systems,
251-259: a-aorist, 353; as injunctive, 358; augment of, 352, 353 karmaņi (passive") of, 358; reduplicated aorist, 357-358; root aorist, 352-353; sibilant aorists, 353-357—“s” aorist, 354-355; “is” aorist, 355-356; “sis” aorist, 356; “sa" aorist, 356; simple,
352-353; types of, 353 api: as indefinite marker, 105; as
question marker, 95; with present
participle, 263 appositional karmadhāraya com
526
pound, 212-213 artha, see mode as, “to be,” 57: paradigm of, 58 asau, “that,” 343 āśir liñ, see benedictive aspiration (mahāprāņa), 3, 4 assimilation, progressive, 38 assimilation, regressive, 38 atipattau lịm, see conditional ātmanepada, see voice: and
nāmadhātu, 333-334 augment, preterite (āgama), 142, - 352, 353
avagraha (separation), 19 avyayapadas, see indeclinables avyayīpada samāsas (indeclinable
compounds), 244-245 ayam, “this," 343
ganas bhūte krdanta, 177-184: formation
of, 180-184; in compounds, 215 216; of akarmaka (intransitive) roots, 178-179; of causative, 320 321; of sakarmaka (transitive) roots, 177-178; of tenth or cur gana, 184; sandhi in formation of,
181-183 boundaries of syllables, 18-19
bahuvacana (plural), see number bahuvrihi application of compounds
(samāsas), 227-236: as names and epithets, 235; English examples of, 228; gender of, 230-231; identification of, 229-230; length of, 234-235; of dvigu (“two-cow”) samāsas, 235; structure of, 229; vigraha (analysis) of, 228, 231 233; with karmadhārayas, 233
234; with tatpuruṣas, 234 benedictive (āśir lin), 249-250 bhāve prayoga (abstract construc
tion), 163-164: formation of, 166 168; imperative of (lot), 201; imperfect (lan) of, 165; kart; of, 163-164; of vartamāne kşdanta (present participle), 262-263; see
also karmaņi prayoga bhavisyatkāle, see future bhavișyatkāle kşdanta, see future
participle bhū or first gaña, 118-120: irregular
roots of, 118-119; see also a
“ca” varga, see palatal sounds, 2 cana, as indefinite marker, 105 cardinal numbers, see numbers,
cardinal case (vibhakti), 60-61: ablative
(pañcami), 61, 80-81; accusative (dvitīyā), 60, 67-68; dative (caturthi), 60, 80; instrumental (tȚtiyā), 60, 68-69; genitive (şaşthi), 61, 69—as absolute construction, 265-267; as subject of gerundive, 281—; locative (saptami), 61, 81-82—as absolute construction, 265-267—; nomina tive (prathamā), 60, 66-67; typical endings of, 138-139; vocative
(sambodhana), 61 caturthi, see dative case causative (nic, nijanta), 314-324:
aorist of, 357-358; see also reduplicated aorist; formation of, 316-318; forms of—bhūte kşdanta of, 320-321; future of, 323; gerund, 321; gerundive, 322; infinitive, 322; karmaṇi of, 319 320; perfect of, 323; present system of, 318-319; uses of, 323 324; karts of, 314-316of akarmaka dhātus (intransitive roots), 315; of sakarmaka dhātus (transitive roots), 315-316 ; stem strength in, 316-318
527
cit as indefinite marker, 105 citation of nouns, 61-62 classes (ganas) of the present
system, see ganas of the present
system clauses, correlative, 97-98; subordi
nate, 97 coalescence (of vowels), 24-25: of
similar vowels, 24; of dissimilar
vowels, 25 comparative (utkarşavācaka):
declension of, 405-406; in- iyah, 387; in -tara, 386-387; irregular
forms of, 387 complex vowels, external sandhi of,
27-28 compounds, nominal (samāsa) 208
219; 227-236; 241-245: adjectival application of, 227-236; analysis of, 210-211; bahuvrihi application of, 227-236; bhūte kşdantas in, 215-216; formation of, 215-218; identification of, 217, pronouns in, 218; reduced or altered forms in, 217-218; techniques of, 211; types of—avyayipada samāsas (indeclinable compounds), 244 245; dvandva (copulative), 241- 243; dvigu (“two-cow”), 235-236; ekaśeşa (elliptical dual), 243-244; karmadhāraya, 212-214; tatpuruşa, 214-215; upapada (reduced word), 219, 369—; word
order in, 209-210 conjugation of verbs cited in
grammar: as, “to be," (lat) 57; bhāş, “to speak,” (lat) 55; bhū, “to be” (lut), 280; bhū, “to be,” (lun), 353; diś, to point," (lun), 357; dā, “to give,” (luñ), 353; gam, “to go,” (luñ), 353; han, “to kill” (lat), 123; sam, “to calm,” (luñ), 357; vac, “to speak,” (luñ), 353; vad
“to speak,” (lat) 55; vid, “to
know,” (yanluganta), 332 conjugations, secondary: causative
(nic), 313-324; denominative (nāmadhātu), 333-336; desiderative (sannanta), 324-329; intensive (yananta, yaņluganta),
329-333 conditional (atipattau lịñ), 279 consonants (vyañjanas), 1ff:
absolute final position of, 30-32; conjuncts of, 16-18; external sandhi of-absolute final position of, 30-32; final position of, 30; general principles of, 38-39; of nasals, 40-42; of original final “r”, 37-38; of original final “s”, 32-37; of stops (sparśas), 38-40; progres sive assimilation of, 38; regressive assimilation of, 38—; final position of, 30; intemal sandhi of, see sandhi, internal; initial
position of, 29 copulative compound, see dvandva
samāsa correlative clauses (independent
clauses), 97-98 cur or tenth gana, 132: strength of,
132 cvipratyaya, 388-389
danta, see teeth dantya varga, see dental sounds dative case (cathurthi), 60: infini
tive, 226-227 declension, see noun declensions cited in grammar: aham
(mat), “I,” 71; ahan, “day,” 405; akşi, “eye,” 404; ātman, “soul, self,” 139; ayam, “this,” (mascu line), 343; bhagavant, “blessed,” 191; catur, “four,” 349; dāts, “giver,” 176; devi, “queen, lady,”
528
114; dhanuḥ, “bow,” 159; dhiḥ, “thought,” 405; gatiḥ, “way, path,” 92; gauḥ, “bull, cow,” 404; haviḥ, “oblation,” 158; idam, “this,” (neuter), 343; iyam, “this,” (feminine), 343-344; kanyā, “girl,” 79; karma, “action,” 140 141; kart, “doer,” 175; madhu, “honey,” 93-94; maghavan, “Maghavan,” 404-405; māts, “mother,” 175; muniḥ, “muni, sage,” 91; nāman, “name,” 141; nau, “boat,” 402; pathin, “road,” 404; patih, “husband, lord,” 403; pits, “father,” 175; puruṣaḥ, “man,” 62; pustakam, “book,” 63; rājan, “king,” 140; rūpin, “pos sessed of form,” 208; sakhi, “friend,” 403; saḥ, “he, that,” 83; sā, “she, that,” 84; şaş, “six,” 350; śāstrabhịt, “weapon bearer,” 402; śatruḥ, “enemy,” 93; śreyāms, “better,” 406; tapah, “austerities,” 157; tat, “it, that,” 83-84; tvam (tvat), “you,” 72; vidvāms, “learned,” 306; viśvassj, “creator of the universe,” 402; vāc, “speech,” 401; yogin, “yogi,”
207-208 demonstrative pronouns, see
pronouns denominative (nāmadhātu), 333
336: ātmanepada of, 333-334; formation of, 333; parasmaipada
of, 334; use of, 335-336 dental sounds (dantya varga, “ta”
varga), 2: pronunciation of, 7 derivational suffixes (pratyaya),
368-387: examples of, 390-393; krt pratyayas (primary suffixes)
-a (action nouns), 370; -ā (action nouns), 371-372; -aka (agent nouns), 376; -ana (action.
nouns, agent nouns), 372; -aḥ (actions nouns), 373; -kvip (action nouns), 369, as upapada, 369; – man (action nouns), 374; -ti (action nouns), 373-374; - tp (agent nouns), 170-176, 376-377; -tra (instrument or means of action) 374-375—; taddhita (secondary derivations) — abstract nouns of, 377-378; derivative adjectives of, 377-378 internal sandhi of, 378 379; meanings of, 379; praksti (base) of, 377; pratyayas of — -a, 379-381; -aka, 385; comparative/ superlative (utkarşavācaka), 386 387;-eya, 383; -i, 384; -ika, 385; - in, 207-208, 386; -iya, 382; -īya, 383; -ka, 384-385; -mant, 193 194,386; -maya, 385-386; -tva, 384; -tā, 384; -vant, 193-194,386; -vat, 387; -vin, 207-208, 386; -ya, 381-381—; vşddhi as marker of,
378 desiderative (sannanta): adjectival
forms of, 327-328; formation of, 325-327; karmaņi prayoga of, 329; nouns made from, 327-329; of causative, 329; reduplication
in, 325-327 devanāgari, see script dhātus, see verbs, roots of div or fourth gaña, 126: sign of, 126;
strength of, 12; see also a-ganas direct object, “karma,” 65 dissimilar vowels, external sandhi
of, 26 dual (dvivacana), see number dvandva (copulative) samāsa
(compound), 241-243: gender of, 241-242; in extended compounds, 242; vigraha of, 242; word order
in, 242-243 dvigu (“two-cow”) samāsa (com529
pound), 235-236 dvitīyā, accusative case 60, 67 dvivacana (dual), see number
krtya), 281-286; of causative,
322; see also gerundive future tense (bhavișyatkāla), see
tense
eka, “one,” as pronominal adjec
tive, 85-86 ekaśesa (elliptical dual) samāsa,
243-244 ekavacana (singular), see number elliptical dual compound, see
ekašeşa samāsa enclitic pronouns, 72 endings: nominal (see also declen
sions, paradigms) consonantal, 138-139; verbal-of lat (present indicative), 53-54; of lañ (imper fect), 143; of lit (perfect), 301; of lot (imperative), 196; primary, 53
54, 165; secondary, 143, 165, 354 etat, “this,” 85 etvam, 297-298, 300: see also
perfect, reduplication of euphonic combinations, see sandhi external sandhi, see sandhi, external
gaņas (classes) of the present
system, 114-132: a-, 115, 143 144, 197-198, 200, 245, 247-248, 249, see also a-ganas: chart of, 116-117; eighth or tan, 127-128, 198 (see also tan gana); fifth or su, 127-128, 198 (see also su gaña); first or bhū, 118-120 (see also bhū gaña); fourth or div, 126, (see also div gana); ninth or kri, 131-132, 198 see also kri gaña); non-a, 115, 144-145, 198-199, 199, 248-249 (see also non-a gaņas); second or ad, 120-123, (see also ad gana); seventh or rudh, 129-131,198 (see also rudh gana); sixth or tud, 129 (see also tud gaña); strong and weak forms in, 115; tenth or cur gaña, 132— bhūte kļdanta of, 184; perfect of, 305; -tvānta of, 196—(see also cur gana)—; third or hu, 123-126,
198, 200, see also hu gaña gender of nouns, (liñga), 59:
feminine (strilinga), 59; masculine
(pumlinga), 59 genitive absolute (satah şaşthi), 265-.
267: of disrespect (anādare şasthi), 266; special problems of,
266-267 genitive case (şaşthi), 61 gerund (tvānta, lyabanta), 194-197:
in-tvā, 195-196; in-ya, 196-197;
of causative, 321-322 gerundive or the future passive
participle (kệtya), 281-286: formation of, 283-285- in - aniya, 285-286; in -tavya, 285; in
fear, objects of, 81 feminine gender (strīlinga), 59 final position of sounds, 30 finite verb, see verbs, finite first person (uttamapuruşa), see
person future (Irt, lut), 274-281: simple
(sāmānyabhavisyatkāle lst), 274 278— formation of, 274-275; guna in, 274; important roots of, 277-278; karmaņi prayoga of, 275; of causative, 323; sandhi in, 275-277; use of, 278—; participle (bhavișyatkāle kdanta), 278; periphrastic (anadyatana bhavisyatkāle lut) — formation of, 279-81; of causative, 323—; passive participle of, (gerundive,
530
-ya, 283-285—; of causative, 322; endings of, 142; karmaṇi of, 165; strength of, 284-287; karts of, in non-a ganas of, 144-145; preterite sixth (şaşthi), 281
augment of (āgama), 142 guņa, 25-26: exceptions to, 119-120; indeclinable compounds
of bhū or first gana, 118; of ad or (avyayīpada samāsas), 244-245 second gaña, 120; of hu or third indeclinables (avyayapadas), 47, 95, gaña, 125; of su or fifth gaña, 127; 99-102), 407-409, see also of tan or eighth gana, 127; of cur adverbs: api, 95 or tenth gaña, 132; of third gana indefinite constructions, 105-106 lan, 144; as sign of kşdanta
infinitive (tumannanta), 225-227: (primary derivation), 368, 372- dative, 226-227; formation of 376; of agent nouns (-tr), 173; of 225-236; guņa of, 225; of caus infinitive (tumannanta), 225; of ative, 322; with auxiliary verbs, future (Irt), 274; of gerundive, 226, 227 284-85; in perfect (lit), 297-301; initial position, of sounds, 29-30 in causative (nijanta), 316-317; in injunctive, 358, see also imperative, desiderative (sannanta), 326; in negative of, 201 sibilant aorist, 354-356
instrumental case (tļtīyā), 60, 68-69 guru, “heavy, ” 296, 304, 317, 357: intensive (yañanta, yañluganta),
see also guņa, exceptions to
329-332: abhyāsa of, 329-331;
yañanta, formation of, 332; hard palate (mūrdhan), see palate 3 yanluganta, formation of, 332 heavy, “guru,” syllables, 296, 317, internal sandhi, see sandhi, internal
304, 357: see also guņa, excep- interrogative sentences, 95: api, as tions to
marker of, 95; with the “K” series, hiatus in vowel sandhi, 29 hu or third gana: guņa of, 125; intransitive roots, “akarmaka
irregular roots of, 125-125;
dhātus,” 65: bhūte kşdanta of, see reduplication (abhyāsa) of, 124- bhūte kşdanta; of causatives, see 125; strong forms of, 125
causative hypothesis, in optative mode, 246- “iş” aorist, see aorist, sibilant
247
iti, use of, 73
iyam, “this,” 343 “I,” see “aham” idam, “this,” 343
“ka” varga, see velar sounds imperative (lot), 197-201: bhāve of, kantha, see velum
201; endings of, 197; karmaṇi of, kanthya varga, see velar sounds 201; mā as negative, 2017
kāla, see tense madhyama purusa of, 197-199; karma, “action, direct object,” 65: of negation of, 201—see also
causative, of causative, 314-316 injunctive; stem strength in, 198 karmadhāraya compounds, 212-214: imperfect (adyatanabhūte lan), 142- adjectival, 212; analysis (vigra
145, 294: a-ganas of, 143-144; has) of, 212, 213-214; apposi
tional, 212-213; bahuvrihi
95
531
application of, 233-234; formation of, 215-218; samānādhikarana
(case agreement) in, 213-214 karmaṇi prayoga (Sanskrit ‘pas
sive’), 161-168: formation of, 166-168; imperative (lot) of, 201; imperfect (lan) of, 165; karma (object) of, 161-163; kart; (subject) of, 161-163; of aorist, 358; of causative, 319-320; of desiderative, 329; of future (līt), 275; of vartamāne kşdanta (present participle), 262-263; samprasārana in, 168 ; transfor- mation of, to kartari, 165; see also
bhāve prayoga kartari prayoga (active construc
tions), see also present system:
transformation of, to karmaņi, 164 kartự, “doer, subject,” 64: of
causative, 314-316 kr, or “do,” in eighth gaña, 127-128 krdantas (primary derivations), 176
177: see also bhūte kşdanta, causative, derivational suffixes, future participle, gerundive (future passive particle), parti ciples, perfect participle, verbal
adjectives kri or ninth gana, 131-132: impor
tant roots of, 132; lot of, 199;
marker of, 131 kriyāpada, “action word, verb,” see
verb, ktavatu (past active participle), 194 “k-y-t” series 95-99: important roots
of, 131-132; usage of, 103-106; see also clauses, interrogative sentences.
357: see also guņa, exceptions to lan, see imperfect lat (vartamāne lat), see present
indicative light, “laghu,” syllables, 296, 316,
357: see also guņa, exceptions to liñ (vidhi lin), see optative mode liñga, see gender lipi, see script, devanāgarī lips (oştha), 2 lit (parokşabhūte lit), see perfect locative absolute (sati saptamī), 265
267: special problems of, 266-267 locative case (saptami vibhakti), 61,
81-82 lot, see imperative love, objects of 82 lín, see conditional lịt, see future, simple lun, see aorist systems luț, see future, periphrastic lyabanta, gerund in-ya, 196-197
madhyamapuruṣa, see person: of loț,
197-199; see also person -mant: as adjectival suffix, 193-194;
see also derivational suffixes masculine gender (pumlinga), 59 memorization of paradigms, 63-64 mode (artha), of verbs, 47, 48, 51:
benedictive (āśīr liñ), see bendictive; imperative (lot), see imperative: optative (vidhi lin),
see optative mood, see mode mūrdhan, see hard palate mūrdhanya varga, see retroflexed
sounds
labial sounds (oşthya varga, “pa”
varga), 2-3: pronunciation of, 7,
nāgarī, see devanāgarī, script nāmadhātu, see denominative napumsakalinga, see neuter gender nasals: absolute final position of,
13
laghu, “light,” syllables, 296, 316,
532
31; external sandhi of, 40-42;
pronunciation of 6-8 negation: of adjectives, 106; of
imperative, 201; of nouns, 106; of
sentences, 106; of terms, 106 neuter gender (napumsakalinga), 59 nic, see causative nijanta, see causative nipātas, “particles,” 73 nominal composition (samāsa), see
compounds nominative case (prathamā), 60, 66
67
non-a gaņas, 115: of lat, 120-126,
127-128, 129-131, of lañ 14-45; of liñ (ātmanepada), 249; of liñ (parasmaipada) 248-249; of log,
198-200; see also ganas non-aspiration (alpaprāna), 3,4 non-gaņa conjugations: anit roots of,
273-274; causative (nic), 313-324; conditional (lm), 279, denomina tive (nāmadhātu), 333-336; desiderative (sannanta), 324-329; future (Irt, lut), 273-281; intensive (yaşanta, yaņluganta), 329-333; perfect (lit), 293-305; set roots of,
273-274; vet roots of, 273-274 nonvoicing (aghoṣa), 3,4 nouns (nāmans, subantas), 59-64,
93-95: citation of, 61-62; declen sions, of cited, see declensions cited; endings of, see endings; gender of (liñga), 59—feminine gender (strīlinga), 59, 79-80; masculine (pumlinga), 59, 62; neuter gender (napuņsakalinga), 59,63; irregular declensions of, 402-406; made from desiderative stems, 327-328; negation of, 106; number of, 47, 59—dual (dvivacana), 59-60; plural (bahuvacana), 59-60; singular
(ekavacana), 59-60—; stem strength of, 137-38; stems ending in-a- , masculine, 62, neuter, 63; ā-, feminine, 79; -an mascu
line 139,140; neuter 140-141; -ant masculine (bhavant, bhagavant)
191, neuter 192, feminine 191; -aḥ neuter 157, masculine 157-158, feminine 157-158; i- masculine 91, feminine 92, neuter 94; -in masculine 207-208, neuter 208, feminine -ini 208; -iḥ neuter, 158; monosyllabic consonant final, 401-402—k [c], 401;-t, 402; - [j], 402—; monosyllabic vowel final— -au, 402—; -; masculine kinship 175, masculine agentive 175, feminine kinship 174, 175, neuter agentive, 176;u - masculine 93, neuter 93-94, feminine 94; 1 feminine, strīlinga, 113; -uh neuter, 159; -vāms masculine 306, -vat neuter 306, -usī feminine 306; -} masculine kinship 175, masculine agentive 175, feminine kinship 174,175, neuter agentive 176—; typical case endings of,
138-139 number. dual (dvivacana), of nouns,
47, 59-60; of verbs, 47, 48, 50; plural (bahuvacana) —nouns, 59 60; verbs, 50—; singular (ekavacana) — nouns, 59-60;
verbs, 50 numbers (sāmkhyā): cardinal, 346
350—1-19, 346-347; catur (4), 349; declension of, 347-350; dvi (2), 348; eka (1), 347-348; pañca navadaśa (5-19), 349-350; şaş, 350; tri (3), 348-349—; chart of, 345-346; in compounds, see divgu (“two-cow”) samāsa; in devanāgari script, 19; ordinal,
533
350-351 one (ekavacana): as pronominal
adjective, 85-86; number, 347
348 optative mode (vidhi lin), 245-249:
ātmanepada of a-gaņas, 249; ātmanepada of non-a gañas, 249; hypothesis, 246-247; mode sign of, 247-249; parasmaipada of a ganas, 247-248; parasmaipada of non-a gaņas, 248-249; prescrip
tion, 245, 246 ordinal numbers, see numbers,
ordinal original finals, 30 oștha, see lips osthya varga, see labial sounds
“pa” varga, see labial sounds pada, see voice palatal sounds (tālavya varga, “ca”
varga), 2: pronunciation of, 6-7;
dhanuh, “bow,” 159, 114; dhih, *thought,” 405; dāts, “giver,” 176;
gatiḥ, “way, path,” 92 ;gauḥ, “bull, cow,” 404; havih, obla tion," 158; idam, “this,” (neuter), 343; iyam, “this,” (feminine), 343-344; kanyā, “girl,” 79; karma, “action,” 140-141; karts, “doer,” 175; madhu, “honey,” 93-94; maghavan, “Maghavan,” 404-405; māts, “mother,” 175; muniḥ, “muni, sage,” 91; nāman, “name,”
141; nau, “boat," 402; pathin, “road,” 404; patiḥ, “husband, lord,” 403; pitr, “father,” 175; puruṣaḥ, “man,“62; pustakam, “book,” 63; rājan, “king,” 140; rūpin,“possessed of form,” 208; sakhi, “friend,” 403; saḥ, “he, that,” 83; sā, “she, that," 84; şaş, *six," 350; śāstrabhịt, “weapon bearer,” 402; satruḥ, “enemy,” 93; śreyāms, “better," 406; tapaḥ, “austerities,” 157; tat, “it, that,” 83-84; tvam (tvat), “you,” 72; vidvāms, “learned,” 306; visvasựj, “creator of the universe,” 402; . vāc, “speech,” 401; yogin, “yogi,”
207-208 parasmaipada (also see voice), 52:
present indicative of (vartamāne
lat), 53; of nāmadhātu, 334 parokşabhūte lit, see perfect participles 176-177: see also verbal
adjectives, kşdantas: bhūte kļdanta, 177-184; future (bhavisyatkāle krdanta), 278; gerundive or future passive participle (kstya), 281-286; indeclinable— gerund (tvānta, lyabanta), 194-197,321-322; infinitive (tumannanta), 225 227— past active participle
13
palate: hard (mūrdhan), 3; soft
(tālu), 3 pancami, see ablative case paradigms: memorization of, 63, 64;
verbs- as, “to be,” (lat), 58; bhāş, “to speak,” (lat), 55; bhū, “to be” (lut), 280; bhū, “to be,” (luñ), 353; dā, “to give,” (lun), 353; diś, “to point,” (lun), 357; gam, “to go,” (lun), 353; han, “to kill” (lat), 123; śam, “to calm,” (luñ), 357, vac, “to speak,” (lun), 353; vad, “to speak,” (lat), 55; vid, “to know,” (yanluganta), 332—; nouns-aham (mat), “I," 71; ahan, “day,” 405; akşi, “eye,” 404; ātman, “soul, self," 139; ayam, “this,” (masculine), 343; bhagavant, “blessed,” 191; catur, “four,” 349; devi, “queen, lady,”
534
15
(ktavatu), 194; perfect participle, hard palate (mūrdhan), 2; lips 305-306; present (vartamāne
(oștha), 2; soft palate (tālu); teeth krdanta), 255-267
(danta), 2; velum (kantha), 2 particles (nipātas), 73: iti, 73; sma, post-consonantal forms of vowels,
73 parts of speech, 48-73, 64-73
pragphya vowels, 29 passive, see karmaņi prayoga prakrti (base), of taddhita (second past active participle (ktavatu), 194 ary derivation), see derivational past passive participle, see bhūte suffixes
krdanta
prathamă vibhakti, see nominative past tense (bhūtakāla), see also
case, 60, 66-67 tense: ktavatu, past active
prathamapuruṣa, see person participle as, 194; lañ has present pratyaya, see derivational suffixes system as basis of, 113-114; lan, preraka, see causative see imperfect; lit, see perfect; sma prescription in optative mode, 245, as marker of, 73
246 perfect (parokşabhūte lit), 293-305: present indicative (vartamāne lat),
endings of, 301-303; examples of, 53-58, 113-114: ātmanepada of, 303-304; formation of, 294-303; 54; characteristic clues to, 54-55; of causative, 323; periphrastic, endings of, 53-54; has present 304-305— formation of, 304- system as basis of, 113-114; 305—; reduplication (abhyāsa) in, internal sandhi of, 56-57; 295-297- of consonants, 295; of parasmaipada of, 53; strong forms root medial vowels, 295-296; of of, 115; weak forms of, 115 root final vowels, 295-296; of root present participle (vartamāne initial vowels, 296-297; excep- kşdanta), 255-267: absolute tions to, 297-298; loss of
constructions (sati saptami / sataḥ (abhyāsalopa), 297-298; etvam, şaşthī) and, 265-267, bhāve of, 297-298, 300—; stem strength in, 262-263; formation of, 259-264; 298-301; use of, 293-294
karmaṇi of, 262-263; of periphrastic: future (lut), see future, ātmanepada roots, 262; of
periphrastic; perfect (lit), see parasmaipada roots, 259-61– perfect, periphrastic
masculine, 259-260; feminine, person: of verbs, 47,48,49-50; first 261; neuter, 261-262—; special
person (uttamapuruṣa), 49-50; applications of, 263-264; use of, second person (madhyama
255-259 puruṣa), 49-50 of lot, 197- present stem: as basis of lañ, 142; 1996; third person (prathama- formation of, 118-32
puruşa), 49-50of loț, 199-200 present system, 113-132: as basis of personal pronouns, see pronouns, the lat, lañ, liñ, and lot, 113-114;
personal
classes of, see ganas; ganas phonology, 1ff
(classes) of, see ganas; imperative plural (bahuvacana), see number (lot) of, see imperative; of points of articulation (sthāna-s), 2:
535
quotes, see “iti”
.
.
.
.
.
causative, 318-319; optative (vidhi lin) of, see optative; past tense of, see imperfect (lan); present indicative (lat) of, see present indicative; present participle (vartamāne krdanta) of, see present participle; verbal base of, 114 present tense (vartamāne kāla), see
tense preterite augment (āgama), 142,
352, 353 primary derivations (kļdanata), see
kşdanta, derivational suffixes progressive assimilation, 30 pronouns (sarvanāmans): adjectives
that follow pronominal declen sions, 85-87; bhavant, “you polite,” 192-193; demonstrative, 82-87—masculine (puslinga), 83, 343-345; neuter (napumsaka liñga), 83-84, 343-345; feminine (strīlinga), 84, 343-345— etat, “this,” 85; in compound, 218; personal, 71-73 prathama puruşa, “first person=third person,” 82-87—masculine, saḥ, “he,” 83; neuter, tat, “it,” 83-84; feminine, sā, “her,” 84 madhyamapuruṣa, “middle person,” tvam, “you,” 72; uttamapuruşa, “last person=first person” aham, “I,” 71%; posses sive, 73, 383; reflexive-ātman,
139; sva, 172, 310 pronunciation, 4-8: of anusvāra, 8;
of consonants (vyañjanas), 5-8; of semivowels (antaḥsthas),7; of sibilants (ūşmans), 7; of stops (sparśas), 5-7; of visarga, 8; of
vowels (svaras), 5 pumlinga, see masculine gender puruşa, see person
reduplication (abhyāsa): general
rules of, 124; loss of (abhyāsa lopa), 297-298; of aorist, 357; of desiderative, 325-327; of inten sive, 329-33.1; of perfect (lit),
295-297; of third gaña, 124-125 reflexive pronoun, see pronoun,
reflexive regressive assimilation, 38 retroflexed sounds (mūrdhanya
varga, “x” varga), 2: pronunciation
of, 6; 13 root aorist, see aorist roots, verbal (dhātus): akarmaka,
“intransitive,” 65; and secondary conjugations- causative (pic), 313-324; desiderative (sannanta), 324-329; intensive (yaşanta, yaņluganta), 329-333; denomina tive (nāma-dhātu), 333-336 ; and tertiary conjugations, 329; and present system, 1:14; anit, 273-274; classes (gaņas) of, 1:14 132; of motion, 65; sakarmaka, “transitive,” 65; samprasāraņa (reduction) of, 168; set, 273-274;
veț, 273-274; see also verbs, of rudh or seventh gana, 129-131:
marker of, 129; internal consonant sandhi of, 130; examples of, 131
“s” aorist, see aorist, sibilant “sa” aorist, see aorist, sibilant sakarmaka-dhātus,’transitive
roots," 65: bhūte kşdanta of, see bhūte kļdanta; of causatives, see causative; of karmaņi prayoga, see
karmaņi prayoga sāmānyabhavișyatkāle lrt, see future
simple samāsa, see compounds
536
sambodhana, see vocative 61
forms of vowels in, 15-16; special sāmkhyā, see numbers
conjuncts in, 17-18; syllable samprasāraņa (reduction), in
boundaries in, 18-19; vowel “a” karmaņi, 168
in, 13 sandhi, external, 23-42: of conso- secondary conjugations, see:
nants- absolute final position of, causative (nic), 313-324; denomi 30-32; final position of, 30;
native (nāmadhātu), 333-336; general principals of, 38-39;
desiderative (sannanta), 324-329; initial position of 29; of nasals, intensive (yaşanta, yaņluganta), 40-42; of original final “r", 37-38; 329-333 of original final “s," 32-37; of secondary derivation (taddhita), see stops (sparśas), 38-40; progressive derivational affixes assimilation of, 38; regressive secondary endings, see endings, assimilation of, 38—; of vowels- secondary absolute final position of, 32; semivowels (antaḥsthas), 4: pronun coalescence (of vowels), 24-25; ciations of, 7, 13 coalescence of dissimilar vowels, sentences: active construction 25; coalescence of similar vowels (kartari prayoga) of, 64-65; bhāve 24; final position of, 30; hiatus in, prayoga (abstract construction) of, 29; initial position of, 30; of
see bhāve prayoga; clauses of, 97 complex vowels, 27-28; of
98; complex, 95-106; indefinite dissimilar vowels, 26; pragshya constructions in, 105-106; vowels, 29; word final position of, interrogative, 95-97; karmaņi
prayoga (Sanskrit “passive"), see sandhi, internal, 25, 42-44: conso- karmaņi prayoga; kartari prayoga
nant of (verbs), 120-121, 130-131; (active construction), 64-65, 164; consonant, in reference to bhūte main parts of, 64-65; negation of, kşdanta, 181-183; guņa, 25-26; in 106; passive constructions, see future, 275-277; of n>ņ, 43-44; of karmaṇi prayoga; word order in, present indicative (vartamāne lat), 70 56, 57, of s>s, 43; of taddhitas seț roots, 273-274 (secondary derivations), 378-379; şaşthi, see genitive case 61 samprasārana, 168; vowel
şaşthi sataḥ (genitive absolute), 265 strength in, 25; v;ddhi, 25-26
267 sannanta, see desiderative
sibilant aorist, see aorist saptamī, see locative case
sibilants (üşmans), 4: absolute final sarvanāmans, see pronouns
position of, 31; pronunciation of sati saptami (locative absolute), 265- 7; 13; sandhi of original final “s,"
267
. 32-37 script (lipi), devanāgari, 1, 13ff: simple aorists, see aorist
avagraha (separation), 19; singular (ekavacana), see number consonant conjuncts in, 16-18; “siş” aorist, see aorist, sibilant numbers in, 19; post-consonantalsma, as marker of past tense, 73
30
537
svara-s, see vowels syllables (akşaras), 18: anusvāra in,
18; boundaries of, 18-19; heavy, “guru,” 357; light, “laghu,” 357;
visarga in, 18 syntactic compounds, see tatpurușa
compounds syntax, see sentences, clauses
“ta” varga, see retroflexed sounds “ta” varga, see dental sounds taddhitas (secondary derivations),
see derivational affixes tālavya varga, see palatal sounds tālu, see soft palate tan or eighth gaña, 127-128:
important roots of, 127; root kr in, 127-128; rules for, 127; strong
forms of, 127 tat, “that,” see pronouns, demonstra
tive
soft palate (tālu), 2 sounds: absolute final position of,
30-32; final position of, 30; initial
position of, 29; original finals, 30 sparsas, see stops sthāna, see points of articulation stops (sparsas or points of contact),
2, 3: external sandhi of, 38-40; in absolute final position, 31;
pronunciation of, 5-7; 13 strength: in imperative (lot), 198; of
sibilant aorist, 354-356; of agent nouns (-tr), 173; of future (Irt), 274; of gerundive (krtya), 284- 287; of infinitive (tumannanta), 225; of kȚdantas (primary deriva- tions), 368, 370, 372-376; of lig (perfect), 297-301; of ņijanta (causative), 316-318; of nouns stems, 137, 173; of sannanta (desiderative), 326; of taddhitas (secondary derivations), 378, 380, 381, 383-385, of verbal roots (dhātus), 118, 120, 125, 127, 129, 132, 248, 249, 274, 316-318, 297 301, 316-318; of vidhi lin (optative), 248, 249; of vowels, see also guņa, vặddhi; of redupli-
cated syllables (intensive), 330 stress, 9 striliñga, see feminine gender strong forms of verbs: of lat, 115; of
lit, 297-301; see also guņa,
strength su or fifth gaña, 127-128: important
roots of, 127; rules for, 127;
strong forms of, 127 subantas, see nouns subject (karts) as part of speech, 64 subordinate clauses, 97 superlative suffix (utkarşavācaka):
in -ista, 387; in-tama, 386-387; irregular forms of, 387
tatpuruşa (syntactic) compounds,
214-215: bahuvrīhi application of, 234; formation of, 215-218;
vigrahas of, 214 teeth (danta), 2 tense (kāla), of verbs, 47, 48, 51 tertiary verbs (e.g., desiderative of
the causative), 329 that, “asau, adaḥ,” 343-344: see
also pronouns, demonstrative;
this, “ayam, idam, iyam” that, “tat”: feminine (strīlinga), 84; - masculine (pumlinga), 83; neuter (napuņsakalinga), 83-84; see also
pronouns, demonstrative this, “etat," 85 this, “ayam, idam, iyam,” 343 tiñantas, see verbs transitive roots, “sakarmaka
dhātus,” 65: bhūte krdanta of, see bhūte kȚdanta; of causatives, see causative
538
tļtīyā (instrumental), 60, 68-69 tud or sixth gana, 129: common
roots of, 129; rules for, 129 tumannanta, see infinitive tvam, “you,” paradigm of, 72 tvānta, gerund in tvā, 195-196
ubhayapada (also see voice), 52 upapada (reduced word) com
pounds, 219 upasargas, see verbal prefixes ūşmans (“heated” sounds), see
sibilants utkarşavācaka, see comparative,
superlative uttamapuruşa, see person
vacana, see number vad, (lat) paradigm of, 55 -vant: as adjectival suffix, 193-194;
as ktavatu, past active participle,
194 vargas (sets of sounds), 2, 3, 4 vartamāne kāla (present tense), see
tense vartamāne kşdanta, see present
participle vartamāne lat (present indicative),
53-58" -vat: as adjectival suffix (pratyaya),
387, as adverb, 407 velar sounds (kanthya varga, “ka"
varga), 2: pronunciation of, 7, 13 velum (kantha), 2 verbal adjectives, see adjectives,
verbal and participles verbal prefixes (upasargas), 144
152: analytic, 145; chart of, 146 151; idiomatic, 145-146; place ment of, 152; pleonastic, 145 verbs (tiñantas, kriyāpada), 47-58, 64-65: aorist (luñ) systems of, 251-259; ātmanepada, 52;
benedictive (āśīr lin), 249-250; conditional (Iță), see conditional; conjugation of (see also conjuga tion of verbs), 53-60; endings of-primary, 53-54; secondary, 143—; finite, 48-49; future (Irt, luț), see future; ganas of, 114 132-eighth or tan, 127-128; fifth or su, 127-128; first or bhū, 118 120; fourth or div, 126; ninth or krī, 131-132; second or ad, 120 123; seventh or rudh, 129-131; sixth or tud, 129; tenth or cur, 132; third or hu, 123-126 ; imperfect (adyantanabhūte lan), see imperfect; karmaņi prayoga (Sanskrit “passive") of, see karmaņi prayoga; mode (artha), 47, 48, 51; mood of, see mode of; number (vacana), 47, 48, 50; of motion, 65, 67; parasmaipada, 52; passive of, see karmaņi prayoga; person (puruşa), 47, 48, 49-50; prefixes of, see verbal prefixes (upasargas); present indicative (vartamāne lat), 53-58— ātmane pada of, 54; characteristic clues to, 54-55; internal sandhi of, 56 57; parasmaipada of, 53; strong and weak forms in, 115—; present system of, 114-132, see also present system; roots of (dhātus), 47-48,64—-akarmaka, “intransi tive,” 65; sakarmaka,“transitive,” 65—; secondary conjugations of- causative (nic), 313-324; denominative (nāmadhātu), 333 336; desiderative (sannanta), 324 329; intensive (yaņanta, yaņlug anta), 329-333; strong and weak forms of, 115; tertiary, 329; tense (kāla), 47, 48, 51; ubhaya pada, 52; voice (pada), 47, 48, 52539
verses cited: asphotayāmāsa
pronunciation of, 8; writing of, 14 cucumba puccham, 337; bho višeşaņas, see adjectives dāridryam, 107; bodhāya jāto ‘smi vocalic !, pronunciation of, 13 jagaddhitārtham, 394; citām voice of verbs (pada), 47, 48, 52: prajvalitām drstvā, 185; dhaniyā ātmanepada, 52; parasmaipada, draksyanti rāmasya, 287;
52; ubhayapada, 52 dharmakşetre kuruksetre, 328; voicing (ghosa), 3,4 durjanah parihartavyo, 360; vowels (svaras), 1-2, 13: coales dvandvo digur api, 220;
cence of, 24-25; pragļhya, 29; gospadīkệtavārāśim, 237; ito na pronunciation of, 5; sandhi of kimcit, 133; keyūrā na
complex, 27-28; sandhi of vibhūşayanti puruşam, 153;
dissimilar, 26; samyukta (com kūjantam rāma rāmeti, 268;
plex), 2; śuddha (simple), 2; niyujyamāno rājyasya, 307;
strength of (guņa, vặddhi), 25-26 pūjyate yad apūjo ‘pi, 170; rājā (see also guņa, vsddhi); writing daśarathaḥ svargam, 307; rāmo of, 13,15-16 rājamaṇiḥ sadā vijayate, 88; vỊddhi, 25-26: as sign of taddhita tsşņam chinddhi bhaja kşamām (secondary derivation), 378-379, jahi madam, 203; valibhir
381, 383-385; of causative mukham ākrāntam, 337; vālmiker (ni janta), 317; of gerundives, 284; munisimhasya, 268; yathā kāstam of sibilant aorist, 354 ca kāştam ca, 247
vyañjanas: aspiration of, 3,4; non veț roots, 273-274
aspiration, 3,4; nonvoicing of, 3,4; vibhakti, see case 60-61: caturthi pronunciation of, 5-8; voicing of,
(dative), 60; dvitīyā (accusative), 3,4; writing of, 13-14, 16-18; see 60, 67; pañcami, (ablative), 61; also consonants
prathamā (nominative), 60, 66-67; sapatmi (locative), 61; sambodha- weak forms of verbs, 115: of vidhi na (vocative), 61; şaşthi (geni- liñ (optative), 248, 249 tive), 61, 69; třtiyā (instrumental), word final positions of sounds, 30 60, 68-69
word order: in sentences, 70; in vidhi liñ, see optative mode
compounds (tatpurusas, vigrahas (analysis) of compounds, karmadhārayas), 209-210; in
216-217: of bahuvrihis, 228, 231- dvandvas, 242-243 233; of dvandvas, 242; of karmadhārayas, 212, 213-214; of yañanta, see intensive tatpurusas, 214
yanluganta, see intensive virāma, 14,
“you,” see tvam visarga, 4: as part of syllable, 18;
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