११

अथापरः १

Now another type (of falcon-shaped fire-altar with curved wings and extended tail).

अथापरः १

पुरुषस्य पञ्चमीभिः शतमशीतिः सप्तार्धं च सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः सम्पद्यते २

(In this case) the seven-fold (fire-altar) with (two) aratnis and (one) prādeśa is accomplished with \(187\frac{1}{2}\) (square bricks) of side equal to one-fifth of a puruşa (pañcamī).

पुरुषस्य पञ्चमीभिः शतमशीतिः सप्तार्धं च सारत्निप्रादेशः सप्तविधः सम्पद्यते २

तासां पञ्चाशद्द्वे चात्मन्यर्धचतुर्थ्यः शिरसि । पञ्चदश पुच्छे । अष्टपञ्चाशत्सार्ध्या दक्षिणे पक्ष उपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे ३

The body can accommodate 52 of such (pañcamī bricks), the head \(3\frac{1}{2}\) , the tail 15, southern wing \(58\frac{1}{2}\) and the northern wing the same (number of bricks as the southern).

CONSTRUCTION OF A FIRE-ALTAR IN THE FORM OF A FALCON WITH CURVED WINGS AND EXTENDED TAIL-SECOND TYPE

11.2-11.3. Measurement of the different parts. We have noticed the use of a new unit of square measure, the caturthi, 30 × 30 sq. aṅgulas in the case of the Śyenacit of the first type. Now another unit, the pañcami, 24 × 24 sq. aṅgulas or 1 sq. aratni (a square of side one-fifth of a purusa) is introduced. Clearly, 7 sq. pu. is equivalent \(\frac{15\times 120\times 120}{2\times 24\times 24}\) or \(187\frac{1}{2}\) pañcamis, as stated in the rule 11.2. These units are distributed in the various parts of the fire-altar as follows:

| The Head | \(3\frac{1}{2}\) | pañcamīs or sq. | aratni |
| The body | 52 | " | " |
| The two wings | 117 | " | " |

These given areas must be satisfied in constructing the figures of the various parts as we shall see in the following sūtras.

तासां पञ्चाशद्द्वे चात्मन्यर्धचतुर्थ्यः शिरसि । पञ्चदश पुच्छे । अष्टपञ्चाशत्सार्ध्या दक्षिणे पक्ष उपदध्यात् । तथोत्तरे ३

अर्धव्यायामेन स्रक्तीनामपच्छेदः । सन्नतं पुच्छं । पक्षयोस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिररत्निभिरपनामः । अध्यर्ध्याभिः षट् षट् पत्राणि कुर्यात् । आकृतिः शिरसो नित्या ४

The corners (of the rectangular body) are cut off with vyāyāma (48 añgulas); the tail is inclined; the bending of the two wings is done with 3 aratnis (72 aṅgulas) each; the six plumages (at each end of the wings) are to be made with the half of bricks longer on one side by half (that is, half of adhyardhā-pañcami); the form of the head remains unchanged (that is, the same as that of the falcon-shaped fire-altar described before).

11.4. Construction of different parts of the falcon. Unlike the falcon of the first type detailed measurements of the various rectangles involved have not been given. However, with the indications given in the rule and the areas in the previous rules, the various parts can be constructed without difficulty.
The body is made out of a rectangle ABCD (Fig. 41(a) ), of which AD=144 aṅgulas or 6 aratnis, AB = 240 aṅgulas or 10 aratnis and the area 60 sq. aratnis. By the cutting of the corners at distances of 2 aratnis (48 aṅgulas), 8 sq. aratnis are removed so that EFGHIJKL measures exactly 52 sq. aratnis.
The head is constructed out of a rectangle 48 × 54 sq. aṅg. (AE=AG=ED=Df=24 aṅgulas) such that EFCBG measures 3 sq. aratnis.

The tail is done in the same way as before. Here AD equals 8 aratnis (192 aṅgulas), AB 3 aratnis (72 añgulas) and the area 24 sq. aratnis (Fig. 41 (c) ). AB, AE, FD, DC being equal to 3 aratnis, 9 sq. aratnis are removed, leaving the area of the tail EBCF as 15 sq. aratnis.
For the wing, the rectangle to be taken should have its side AD as 9 aratnis 216 aṅgulas) and AB 6 aratnis (144 aṅg.); the area is 54 sq. aratnis. The bending (nirṇāma) is made as before, the distance EP being 3 aratnis (72 aṅgulas). For the plumages, 6 rectangles \(DGK_{1}L_{1}, L{1}K{1}K_{2} L_{2}\) etc. are fitted at the end of the tail, diagonally intersected and outer halves rejected. Now, each such rectangle is adhyardhā-pañcami, that is, 36 × 24 sq. aṅgulas or \(1\frac{1}{2}\) sq. aratni; the area of 6 of them is 9 sq. aratnis and that of the 6 plumages (patra) after rejection of half is \(4\frac{1}{2}\) sq. aratnis. The total area of each wing is, therefore, \(58\frac{1}{2}\) sq. aratnis and that of two wings 117 sq. aratnis.

Fig. 41. Different parts of the falcon with curved wings and extended tail :
(a) body, (b) head, (c) tail, and (d) wing with plumages-second type.

अर्धव्यायामेन स्रक्तीनामपच्छेदः । सन्नतं पुच्छं । पक्षयोस्त्रिभिस्त्रिभिररत्निभिरपनामः । अध्यर्ध्याभिः षट् षट् पत्राणि कुर्यात् । आकृतिः शिरसो नित्या ४

अथेष्टकानां विकाराः ५

The different types of bricks (required for this fire-altar) are as follows.

अथेष्टकानां विकाराः ५

पुरुषस्य पञ्चम्यस्ता एवैकतोऽध्यर्धाः । ता एवैकतः सपादाः । पञ्चमभागीयायाः पाद्याः सार्ध्याः । तथाध्यर्धायाः । तयोश्चाष्टमभागौ तथा श्लेषयेद्यथा तिस्रः स्रक्तयो भवन्ति । पञ्चमभागीयायाश्चाष्टम्यः । तानि दश ६

Bricks of side equal to one-fifth of a puruşa (pañcami, 24 aṅg, × 24 aṅg.); bricks of which one side is longer by half (adhyardhā) (36 aṅg. × 24 añg.); bricks of which one side is longer by a quarter (sapādā, 30 aṅg. × 24 añg.); bricks which are quarter in size of those with side equal to one-fifth (of a purușa) (pañcami-pādyā); bricks which are half in size (of the above, e.g., pañcamî- ardhyā); likewise, of bricks with side longer by half (that is, half and two types of quarter bricks made out of adhyardhās); triangular bricks made by joining two eighth parts, one from each of them (the eighth part of a pañcami to be joined with the eighth part of an adhyardhā, called ubhayi); and bricks of which one eighth the size of those with side equal to one-fifth (of a purușa). These are the ten (different types).

11.5-11.6. Type of bricks. The following ten types of bricks have been prescribed for covering the fire-altar (Fig. 42) :— B_{1} -square brick of side 1/5 pu, pañcami: 24 × 24 sq. aṅg.

B_{2} -rectangular brick longer than pañcami by half, adhyardhā-pañcami: 24 × 36 sq. aṅg.

B_{3} -rectangular brick longer than pañcami by a quarter, pañcami-sapādā: 24 × 30 sq. aṅg.
B_{4} -triangular brick, half of one-fifth, pañcami-ardhā: 24, 24, 24 √2 aṅg.
B_{5} -triangular brick, quarter of one- fifth, pañcami-pādyā: 24, 12 √2, 12 √2 añg.
B_{6} -triangular brick, half of adhyardhā, adhyardhārdhā: 36, 24, 12 √13 aṅg.
B_{7} -triangular brick, quarter of adhyardha, with longer base, BC = 36 aṅg., also called dirghapādyā.

B_{8} -triangular brick, quarter of adhyardha, with a short base, BC = 24 aṅg., also called sūlapādyā (pointed like a spear).

B_{9} -triangular brick obtained by joining one one-eighth of a pañcami brick ABD with one one-eighth of an adhyardhā brick_ADC along the common side AD (= 12 aṅg); also called ubhayi.

B_{10} -triangular brick, one-eighth of a pañcami, 12, 12, 12 √2 aṅg.

Fig. 42. Brick types.

पुरुषस्य पञ्चम्यस्ता एवैकतोऽध्यर्धाः । ता एवैकतः सपादाः । पञ्चमभागीयायाः पाद्याः सार्ध्याः । तथाध्यर्धायाः । तयोश्चाष्टमभागौ तथा श्लेषयेद्यथा तिस्रः स्रक्तयो भवन्ति । पञ्चमभागीयायाश्चाष्टम्यः । तानि दश ६

आत्मनि पञ्चमभागीयाः सार्ध्या उपदध्यात् । तथा पुच्छे ७

The pañcami bricks and their halves are to be placed in the body and the same in the tail.

आत्मनि पञ्चमभागीयाः सार्ध्या उपदध्यात् । तथा पुच्छे ७

पक्षयोश्चाध्यर्धाः सार्ध्याः ८

The adhyardhā bricks and their halves (are to be placed) in the two wings.

पक्षयोश्चाध्यर्धाः सार्ध्याः ८

शिरसि याः सम्भवन्ति ९

In the head (are to be placed) such bricks as are possible (as can be accommodated).

11.7-11.9. Placement of bricks in the first layer. The arrangement of bricks is illustrated in Fig. 43. As the sūtras have not given details further than some general directions, D’s commentary has been followed to explain the disposition of 200 bricks.
The fire-altar from the western end of the tail, through the body, upto the eastern tip of the head, excluding the wings, is divided into 15 rows south-north. Beginning with the western end as the first layer, the number and types of bricks are as follows :-

|————————————————————–|—————|——-|———| | 1st row, in the tail — | B1—6; B4—2 ; | total | — 8 | | 2nd row, " | —B1—4; B4—2; | " | — 6 | | 3rd row, " | —B4—6; | " | —6 | | 4th row, in the body —\(B_{4}—2; total —6\) | B4—2; | " | —6 | | 5th row " —\(B_{1}—4; B_{4}—2; total —6\) | B1—4; B4—2; | " | —6 | | 6th-11th row " —\(B_{1}— 6 \times 6; total —36\) | B1— 6 x 6; | " | —36 | | 12th row (like 5th) " | —B1—6; B4—2; | " | —6 | | 13th row
(like 4th) " | B4—6; | " | —6 | | 14th row, in the head —\(B_{3}—2; total —2\) | B3—2; | " | —2 | | 15th row, " | B4—2; | " | —2 | |———| | | | | 84 |

In each wing, there are six rows, west-east plus the 7th row of plumages, of which brick placements in the southern wing are as follows:-

|————————————————————-|——————–|——-|—–| | 1st row (immediately after the body) | B2—5; B6—2; | total | — 7 | | 2nd row " | B2—5; B6—2; | " | — 7 | | 3rd row " | B6—12; | " | —12 | | 4th row " | B_{6}—12; " —12\ | " | —12 | | 5th row " | B_{2}—5; B_{6}—2; | " | —7 | | 6th row " | B_{2}—5; B_{6}—2; | " | —7 | | 7th row of plumages (patra) | B6—6; | " | —6 | | | | | 58 | | In the northern wing, the arrangement is same, but reverse | | " | —58 | | | | Total | 116 |

Fig. 43. Arrangement of bricks in the syenacit-second type, first layer.

The number and types of bricks used in the different parts of the altar are shown in Table 7, in agreement with D’s enumeration : ātmani ṣaṣṭiriṣṭakāḥ | vimśatiḥ pucche | catasraḥ śirasi pakṣayoḥ ṣoḍaśaśatam | asminprastare catuḥpañcāśat-pañcamyaḥ | aṣṭāvimsa- tirardhāḥ | dve sapāde | catvāriṛśadadhyardhāḥ | ṣşaṭsaptatiradhyardhārdhyāḥ |

TABLE 7. Number and types of bricks used in different parts of the fire-altar-first layer

शिरसि याः सम्भवन्ति ९

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे पूर्वयोः पक्षाप्यययोरेकैकामुभयीमुपदध्यात् । एकैकामपरयोः । द्वे द्वे शिरसः पार्श्वयोः १०

In the other layer, 1 ubhay brick (formed by combining the eighth part of a pañcami with the eighth part of an adhyardhā) is to be placed at the eastern end of the (line of) junction of each wing (with the body); 1 ubhayi brick each at the western end (of the same line of junction); and 2 ubhayī bricks are to be placed on each side of the head.

अपरस्मिन्प्रस्तारे पूर्वयोः पक्षाप्यययोरेकैकामुभयीमुपदध्यात् । एकैकामपरयोः । द्वे द्वे शिरसः पार्श्वयोः १०

पुच्छस्यावस्तादध्यर्धाः प्राचीर्यथावकाशम् । पार्श्वयोः पाद्याः साष्टमभागाः ११

At the western end of the tail, adhyardhā bricks (with the longer side) turned towards east, and at the two sides (western corners), bricks of size one-fourth and one-eighth (of a pañcamī) (are to be placed).

पुच्छस्यावस्तादध्यर्धाः प्राचीर्यथावकाशम् । पार्श्वयोः पाद्याः साष्टमभागाः ११

पक्षयोश्चाध्यर्धाः सावयवाः १२

Adhyardhā bricks and parts thereof (are to be placed) in the two wings.

पक्षयोश्चाध्यर्धाः सावयवाः १२

शेषं यथायोगं यथासङ्ख्यं यथाधर्मं चोपदध्यात् १३

The remaining space (of the fire-altar) is to be filled with bricks such that these fit, the required number (of 200 bricks in the layer) is attained and the properties (of the fire-altar) are satisfied.

11.10-11.13. Placement of bricks in the second layer. By placing B9 bricks (ubhayi) at the eastern and the western end of the junction line between the wing and the body such that 12 aṅg. of the base lies in the body and 18 aṅg. in the wing, the sūtrakāra avoids the overlapping of edges of bricks in the two layers (Fig. 44). This is also the purpose of placing B9s on each side of the head and B2s at the end of the tail flanked at the western corners by Bыs and B10s. For the complete arrangement of bricks, we again follow the commentator who this time divides the tail, the body and the head in 12 rows beginning with the 1st row at the western end of the tail and ending with the the 12th row at the head. In this division the wing with part of the junction lying in the body is separately treated as before.

Fig. 44. Arrangement of bricks in the śyenacit-second type, second layer.

In each wing there are six rows, west-east, beginning at the junction layer plus the seventh row of plumages.

The number and types of bricks used are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8. Arrangement of bricks in different parts of the fire-altar-second layer.

In his commentary, D. states 9 bricks in the head, 62 in the body, 21 in the tail and 108 in the wings; that is, he includes in the body 20 bricks at the two junctions of the wings with the body and 2 Bs at the junction of the tail with the body. In the number of brick types, there is no discrepancy: asminprastāre ekādaśa pañcamyaḥ | dvādaśa tadardhyāḥ | ekādaśa taṭṭādyāḥ | dve aṣṭamyau | ekavimśatiḥ | ubhayyo’ṣṭau | sapta- ṣaṣṭiradhyardhāḥ | catustriṛśadardhyāḥ | aṣṭāvimśatidirghapādyāḥ | ṣaṭ śūlapādyāḥ |.

शेषं यथायोगं यथासङ्ख्यं यथाधर्मं चोपदध्यात् १३