१९१

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘ संसम्’ इति चतुर्ऋचं चत्वारिंशं सूक्तं संवननस्यार्षम् । ‘ समानो मन्त्रः’ इति तृतीया त्रिष्टुप् शिष्टास्तिस्रोऽनुष्टुभः । प्रथमाया अग्निर्देवता । शिष्टानां संज्ञानम् । अनुक्रम्यते —– संसं चतुष्कं संवननः संज्ञानमाद्याग्नेयी तृतीया त्रिष्टुप् तृतीया त्रिष्टुप् ’ इति । ‘आनुष्टुभं तु ’ इति पूर्वमुक्तत्वादवशिष्टानामनुष्टुप्त्वम् । सूक्तविनियोगो लैङ्गिकः ॥

Jamison Brereton

191 (1017)
Agni (1), Unity (2–4)
Saṃvanana Āṅgirasa
4 verses: anuṣṭubh, except triṣṭubh 3
This last hymn in the R̥gveda has a programmatic and propagandistic agenda. The R̥gveda Saṃhitā (“Collection”) has assembled the poetic products of numer ous separate clans, who also had their own cultic practices and who presumably coexisted in an uneasy vacillation between semi-hostility and wary cooperation. This hymn collection was produced under the new circumstances of a centralized (or centralizing) sociopolitical regime, generally considered to be the Kuru kings, which sought to impose (or encourage) a standardized, shared ritual culture—the R̥gveda collection being its most enduring product—that would also support the political unification.
The hymn begins (vs. 1) with the ritual fire, which brings all the Ārya together, including those who don’t seem to want it (1b), and is the most visible representa tion of the underlying unity of their ritual praxis. There’s an implicit warning in this verse: the ritual fire itself will appropriate the goods of any hold-outs. Verse 2 then provides a positive model: like the gods, who put aside their differences to take their common shares in the sacrifice, we should make a common sacrifice (which, implicitly it is said, will make us more successful, once we no long have to compete among ourselves all the time). Verse 3 outlines the results of the program to devise a standardized ritual shared by all. The second half of this verse is a virtual speech act: the speaker performs the two fundamental components of the ritual—ritual speech (the mantra) and ritual action (the oblation)—thus by this announcement effectively creating the new, shared ritual. Verse 4 promises that the results will be worth the effort. For further discussion, see Proferes (2007: 11 and passim).

01 संसमिद्युवसे वृषन्नग्ने - अनुष्टुप्

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सं᳓-सम् इ᳓द् युवसे वृषन्न्
अ᳓ग्ने वि᳓श्वानि अर्य᳓ आ᳓
इळ᳓स् पदे᳓ स᳓म् इध्यसे
स᳓ नो व᳓सूनि आ᳓ भर

02 सं गच्छध्वम् - अनुष्टुप्

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सं᳓ गछध्वं सं᳓ वदध्वं
सं᳓ वो म᳓नांसि जानताम्
देवा᳓ भागं᳓ य᳓था पू᳓र्वे
संजानाना᳓ उपा᳓सते

03 समानो मन्त्रः - त्रिष्टुप्

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समानो᳓ म᳓न्त्रः स᳓मितिः समानी᳓
समान᳓म् म᳓नः सह᳓ चित्त᳓म् एषाम्
समान᳓म् म᳓न्त्रम् अभि᳓ मन्त्रये वः
समाने᳓न वो हवि᳓षा जुहोमि

04 समानी व - अनुष्टुप्

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समानी᳓ व आ᳓कूतिः
समाना᳓ हृ᳓दयानि वः
समान᳓म् अस्तु वो म᳓नो
य᳓था वः सु᳓सहा᳓सति