०४१

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - सुहस्त्यो घौषेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

समान᳓म् उ त्य᳓म् पुरुहूत᳓म् उक्थि᳓यं
र᳓थं त्रिचक्रं᳓ स᳓वना ग᳓निग्मतम्
प᳓रिज्मानं विदथि᳓यं सुवृक्ति᳓भिर्
वयं᳓ वि᳓उष्टा उष᳓सो हवामहे

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
puruhūtám ← puruhūtá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

samānám ← samāná- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tyám ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

ukthyàm ← ukthyà- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gánigmatam ← √gam- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sávanā ← sávana- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

tricakrám ← tricakrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

párijmānam ← párijman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

suvr̥ktíbhiḥ ← suvr̥ktí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

vidathyàm ← vidathyà- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

havāmahe ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

uṣásaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

vyùṣṭau ← vyùṣṭi- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

स॒मा॒नम् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । त्यम् । पु॒रु॒ऽहू॒तम् । उ॒क्थ्य॑म् । रथ॑म् । त्रि॒ऽच॒क्रम् । सव॑ना । गनि॑ग्मतम् ।
परि॑ऽज्मानम् । वि॒द॒थ्य॑म् । सु॒वृ॒क्तिऽभिः॑ । व॒यम् । विऽउ॑ष्टौ । उ॒षसः॑ । ह॒वा॒म॒हे॒ ॥

• samānam ← samāna
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “like; identical; common; like; alike(p); same; samāna [word]; akin(p); comparable; identical; mutual; equal.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• tyam ← tya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “that.”

• puruhūtam ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• puruhūtam ← hūtam ← hvā
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• ukthyaṃ ← ukthyam ← ukthya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “applaudable.”

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• tricakraṃ ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tricakraṃ ← cakram ← cakra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”

• savanā ← savana
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”

• ganigmatam ← ganīgam ← √gam
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “return.”

• parijmānaṃ ← parijmānam ← parijman
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “encompassing(a).”

• vidathyaṃ ← vidathyam ← vidathya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wise.”

• suvṛktibhir ← suvṛktibhiḥ ← suvṛkti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “praise.”

• vayaṃ ← vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• vyuṣṭā ← vyuṣṭau ← vyuṣṭi
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “dawn; happiness; consequence.”

• uṣaso ← uṣasaḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• havāmahe ← hvā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

हे अश्विनौ युवयोः समानमु साधारणमेव त्यं तं पुरुहूतं बहुभिराहूतम् उक्थ्यं प्रशस्यं त्रिचक्रं सवना सवनानि यज्ञान् गनिग्मतं प्रतिगच्छन्तं परिज्मानं परितो गन्तारं विदथ्यं यज्ञहितं रथम् उषसः व्युष्टौ सुवृक्तिभिः सुष्ठु दोषवर्जिताभिः स्तुतिभिः वयं हवामहे आह्वयामः ॥

English translation:

“At break of dawn, (Aśvins), we invoke with pious prayers your common chariot, praised of many,adorable three-wheeled, frequenting religious rites, traversing all space, suitable at sacrifices.”

This your common three-wheeled chariot—much invoked and worthy of praise, going again and again to the soma-pressings,
earth-encircling and worthy of the rites—do we invoke with well-twisted (hymns) at the break of dawn.

THAT general Car of yours, invoked by many a man, that comes to our libations, three-wheeled, meet for lauds,
That circumambient Car, worthy of sacrifice, we call with our pure hymns at earliest flush of dawn.

Diesen gemeinsamen Wagen, den vielgerufenen, preislichen, dreirädrigen, immer wieder zu den Trankspenden kommenden, herumfahrenden, weiser Rede würdigen, wollen wir mit Lobliedern bei Anbruch des Morgens anrufen.

Wir rufen euren vielgerufnen Wagen her, den preisenswerthen, der zu den Gelagen eilt, Auf dreien Rädern ringsum läuft, den festlichen, durch schöne Lieder bei der Morgenröthe Schein.

Мы призываем прекрасными гимнами при вспышке утренней зари
Ту общую многопризываемую, достойную хвалы
Трехколесную колесницу, снова и снова ездящую на выжимания,
Совершающую круговой обьезд, достойную жертвенной раздачи.

• अश्विनौ
• सुहस्त्यो घौषेयः
• पादनिचृज्ज्गती
• निषादः

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - सुहस्त्यो घौषेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

प्रातर्यु᳓जं नासत्या अ᳓धि तिष्ठथः
प्रातर्या᳓वाणम् मधुवा᳓हनं र᳓थम्
वि᳓शो ये᳓न ग᳓छथो य᳓ज्वरीर् नरा
कीरे᳓श् चिद् यज्ञं᳓ हो᳓तृमन्तम् अश्विना

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

nāsatyā ← nā́satya- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

prātaryújam ← prātaryúj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tiṣṭhathaḥ ← √sthā- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

madhuvā́hanam ← madhuvā́hana- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

prātaryā́vāṇam ← prātaryā́van- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gáchathaḥ ← √gam- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

narā ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

víśaḥ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

yájvarīḥ ← yájvan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

yéna ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

aśvinā ← aśvín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

cit ← cit (invariable)

hótr̥mantam ← hótr̥mant- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kīréḥ ← kīrí- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

yajñám ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

प्रा॒तः॒ऽयुज॑म् । ना॒स॒त्या॒ । अधि॑ । ति॒ष्ठ॒थः॒ । प्रा॒तः॒ऽयावा॑नम् । म॒धु॒ऽवाह॑नम् । रथ॑म् ।
विशः॑ । येन॑ । गच्छ॑थः । यज्व॑रीः । न॒रा॒ । की॒रेः । चि॒त् । य॒ज्ञम् । होतृ॑ऽमन्तम् । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ ॥

• prātaryujaṃ ← prātar
• [adverb]
• “at dawn; early.”

• prātaryujaṃ ← yujam ← yuj
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “amalgamated; harnessed.”

• nāsatyādhi ← nāsatyā ← nāsatya
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; nāsatya [word].”

• nāsatyādhi ← adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• tiṣṭhathaḥ ← sthā
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• prātaryāvāṇam ← prātar
• [adverb]
• “at dawn; early.”

• prātaryāvāṇam ← yāvāṇam ← yāvan
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “traveler.”

• madhuvāhanaṃ ← madhu
• [noun], neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• madhuvāhanaṃ ← vāhanam ← vāhana
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “bringing; carrying.”

• ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• viśo ← viśaḥ ← viś
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• yena ← yad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• gacchatho ← gacchathaḥ ← gam
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• yajvarīr ← yajvarīḥ ← yajvan
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine

• narā ← nara
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “man; man; Nara; person; people; Nara; Puruṣa; nara [word]; servant; hero.”

• kīreś ← kīreḥ ← kīri
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “pauper.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• yajñaṃ ← yajñam ← yajña
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• hotṛmantam ← hotṛmat
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• aśvinā ← aśvin
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; two.”

हे नासत्या नासत्यभूतौ सत्यस्य प्रणेतारौ वा नरा नेतारावश्विनौ युवां प्रातर्युजं प्रातःकालेऽश्वैर्युज्यमानं प्रातर्यावाणं प्रातर्गन्तारं मधुवाहनं मधुनोऽमृतस्य वाहकं तं रथम् अधि तिष्ठथः। आरोहतमित्यर्थः । यज्वरीः यजनशीलाः विशः प्रजाः येन रथेन गच्छथः । येन च कीरेश्चित् स्तोतुरपि होतृमन्तम् ऋषियुक्तं यज्ञं गच्छथः ॥

English translation:

“Ascend, Nāsatyās, your nectar-bearing chariot, which is harnessed at dawn, and set in motion atdawn, with which, leaders (of rites), you go to the people who are engaged in worship, to the priest-administeredsacrifice, Aśvins, of (your) adorer.”

O Nāsatyas, you mount the early-yoked, early-driving, honey-bringing chariot,
by which you go to the sacrificing clans, o men, and to the sacrifice even of a weak man, with its Hotar, Aśvins.

Ye, O Nasatyas, mount that early-harnessed Car, that travels early, laden with its freight of balm,
Wherewith ye, Heroes, visit clans who sacrifice, even the poor man’s worship where the priest attends.

Ihr Nasatya´s besteiget den in der Frühe geschirrten in der Frühe kommenden, Honig bringenden Wagen, mit dem ihr zu den opfernden Häusern geht, ihr Herren, auch zu des Mittellosen Opfer, bei dem der Hotri zugegen ist, o Asvin!

Den früh geschirrten Wagen, welcher frühe fährt, besteigt ihr treuen, ihn, der süsse Tränke fährt, Auf dem ihr Männer zu den frommen Stämmen kommt, ihr Ritter zu des Sängers und des Priesters Werk.

Вы восходите, о Насатьи, на запрягаемую рано утром,
Выезжающую рано утром колесницу, везущую мед,
На которой вы ездите в дома, приносящие жертвы, о два мужа,
Даже на жертву бедного, (если) есть (там) хотар, о Ашвины!

• अश्विनौ
• सुहस्त्यो घौषेयः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - सुहस्त्यो घौषेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

अध्वर्युं᳓ वा म᳓धुपाणिं सुह᳓स्तियम्
अग्नि᳓धं वा धृत᳓दक्षं द᳓मूनसम्
वि᳓प्रस्य वा य᳓त् स᳓वनानि ग᳓छथो
अ᳓त आ᳓ यातम् मधुपे᳓यम् अश्विना

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
adhvaryúm ← adhvaryú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mádhupāṇim ← mádhupāṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

suhástyam ← suhástya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vā ← vā (invariable)

agnídham ← agnídh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dámūnasam ← dámūnas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dhr̥tádakṣam ← dhr̥tádakṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vā ← vā (invariable)

gáchathaḥ ← √gam- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sávanāni ← sávana- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

vā ← vā (invariable)

víprasya ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

aśvinā ← aśvín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

átas ← átas (invariable)

madhupéyam ← madhupéya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yātam ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

अ॒ध्व॒र्युम् । वा॒ । मधु॑ऽपाणिम् । सु॒ऽहस्त्य॑म् । अ॒ग्निध॑म् । वा॒ । धृ॒तऽद॑क्षम् । दमू॑नसम् ।
विप्र॑स्य । वा॒ । यत् । सव॑नानि । गच्छ॑थः । अतः॑ । आ । या॒त॒म् । म॒धु॒ऽपेय॑म् । अ॒श्वि॒ना॒ ॥

• adhvaryuṃ ← adhvaryum ← adhvaryu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Adhvaryu; adhvaryu [word]; Yajur-Veda.”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• madhupāṇiṃ ← madhu
• [noun]
• “sweet; deft.”

• madhupāṇiṃ ← pāṇim ← pāṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hand; hoof; pāṇi [word].”

• suhastyam ← suhastya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• agnidhaṃ ← agnidham ← agnidh
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Agnīdh.”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• dhṛtadakṣaṃ ← dhṛtadakṣam ← dhṛtadakṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• damūnasam ← damūnas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “master.”

• viprasya ← vipra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Brahmin; poet; singer; priest; guru; Vipra.”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• savanāni ← savana
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”

• gacchatho ← gacchathaḥ ← gam
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• ’ta ← atas
• [adverb]
• “now; therefore; then; from there; hence; consequently; then; hence; henceforth.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yātam ← yā
• [verb], dual, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• madhupeyam ← madhupeya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• aśvinā ← aśvin
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; two.”

हे अश्विनौ युवां मधुपाणिं सोमपाणिम् अध्वर्युं वा सुहस्त्यं सुहस्त्यनामानमृषिं मां धृतदक्षं धृतबलं दमूनसं दानमनसम् अग्निधं वा ऋत्विग्विशेषं समायातम् । तदेव दर्शयति । यत् यद्यपि विप्रस्य अन्यस्य मेधाविनः सवनानि यज्ञान् गच्छथः तथापि अतः तेभ्यो यज्ञेभ्यः मधुपेयम् अस्माकं सोमात्मकं पेयम् आ यातम् अन्वागच्छतम् ॥ ॥ २१ ॥

English translation:

“Come, Aśvins, to Suhastya, whether as the ministrant priest bearing the Soma in his hand, or as thecompetent lowly-minded feeder of the sacred fire; although you go to the sacrifices of (some other) sage, (yet)come, Aśvins, from them to the Soma (which I offer).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Competent lowly-minded feeder: damunasa = intending togive, dānamanasam

Whether you are going to an Adhvaryu of good hands with honey in his palms, or to an Agnidh of steadfast skill, a domestic leader,
or to the soma-pressings of an inspired poet, from there drive here to honey-drinking, o Aśvins.
Kr̥ṣṇa Āṅgirasa is said to be the poet of the next three hymns (42–44), all dedicated to Indra and showing clear verbal connections.

If to the deft Adhvaryu with the meath in hand, or to the Kindler firm in strength, the household friend,
Or to the sage’s poured libations ye approach, come thence, O Asvins, now to drink the offered meath.

Ob ihr zu dem Adhvaryu mit geschickter Hand, der den Süßtrank in der Hand hält, oder zu dem Feueranzünder, dem willensfesten Hausherrn, oder zu den Trankspenden eines Redegewandten geht, so kommt von dort zum Süßtrank, o Asvin!

Wenn ihr zum Diener, der geschickt den Meth euch reicht, und zu des Hauses treuem Feuerzünder kommt, Wenn zu des Sängers Festgelagen ihr erscheint, so kommt von dort, o Ritter, her zum Trunk des Meths.

Отправляетесь ли вы к адхварью с медом в руках, с умелыми руками,
Или к зажигателю огня с твердой силой действия, другу дома,
Или же на выжимания вдохновенного (поэта),
Приезжайте оттуда на питье меда, о Ашвины!

• अश्विनौ
• सुहस्त्यो घौषेयः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अश्विना) हे प्राणापान ! (मधुपाणिम्-अध्वर्युं वा) मधुर स्तुतिकर्त्ता मन को (सुहस्त्यम्) अच्छी हस्तक्रियावाले-दानादिशील-(अग्निधम्) ज्ञानप्रकाश परमात्मा को धारण करनेवाले (घृतदक्षम्) बलयुक्त (दमूनसम्) दान्तमनवाले को अथवा उपासक को (विप्रस्य सवनानि वा गच्छथः) या मेधावी के ज्ञानकार्य को प्राप्त होओ (अतः) अत एव (मधुपेयम्-आयातम्) मधु-आनन्द पेय है जिसमें, ऐसे मोक्ष की ओर ले चलो ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य मन से परमात्मा का मनन, हाथों से यथाशक्ति दान, संयतमन होकर करता है, उस ऐसे मेधावी पुरुष के प्राण अपान जीवन के सच्चे सुख और मोक्ष को प्राप्त करने के निमित्त बनते हैं ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अश्विना) हे प्राणापानौ ! (मधुपाणिम्-अध्वर्युं वा) मधुरस्तुतिकर्तृ मनस् तद्वन्तमात्मानम् “मनो वा अध्वर्युः” [श० १।५।१।२१] (सुहस्त्यम्) सुहस्तक्रियायुक्तं दानादिकार्यशीलम् (अग्निधम्) ज्ञानप्रकाशकपरमात्मनः धारकम् (घृतदक्षम्) घृतं बलं येन तमात्मबलवन्तम् (दमूनसम्) दान्तमनसम् “दमूना दान्तमनाः” [४।५] यद्वोपासकम् (विप्रस्य सवनानि वा गच्छथः) मेधाविनः मेधया कार्यविधातुर्ज्ञानकार्याणि वा प्राप्नुथः (अतः) अतएव (मधुपेयम्-आयातम्) आनन्दः पेयो यस्मिन् तं मोक्षं समन्ताद् गमयतम् ॥३॥