१११

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अनानतः पारुच्छेपिः
• छन्दः - अत्यष्टिः

अया꣡ रुचा꣡ ह꣡रिणिया पुनानो꣡
वि꣡श्वा द्वे꣡षांसि तरति स्वयु꣡ग्वभिः
सू᳐꣡रो न꣡ स्वयु꣡ग्वभिः
धा꣡रा सुत꣡स्य रोचते
पुनानो꣡ अरुषो꣡ ह꣡रिः
वि꣡श्वा य꣡द् रूपा꣡ परिया꣡ति ऋ꣡क्वभिः
सप्त꣡आस्येभिर् ऋ꣡क्वभिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ayā́ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

háriṇyā ← hárita- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rucā́ ← rúc- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

dvéṣāṁsi ← dvéṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

svayúgvabhiḥ ← svayúgvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

tarati ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

sū́raḥ ← sū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svayúgvabhiḥ ← svayúgvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

dhā́rā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

rocate ← √ruc- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sutásya ← √su- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

aruṣáḥ ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

háriḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

pariyā́ti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ŕ̥kvabhiḥ ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

rūpā́ ← rūpá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ŕ̥kvabhiḥ ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

saptā́syebhiḥ ← saptā́sya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

अ॒या । रु॒चा । हरि॑ण्या । पु॒ना॒नः । विश्वा॑ । द्वेषां॑सि । त॒र॒ति॒ । स्व॒युग्व॑ऽभिः । सूरः॑ । न । स्व॒युग्व॑ऽभिः ।
धारा॑ । सु॒तस्य॑ । रो॒च॒ते॒ । पु॒ना॒नः । अ॒रु॒षः । हरिः॑ ।
विश्वा॑ । यत् । रू॒पा । प॒रि॒ऽयाति॑ । ऋक्व॑ऽभिः । स॒प्तऽआ॑स्येभिः । ऋक्व॑ऽभिः ॥

• ayā ← idam
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• rucā ← ruc
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “beam; radiance; color.”

• hariṇyā ← harin
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “gold; aureate.”

• punāno ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• dveṣāṃsi ← dveṣas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “hostility; enemy.”

• tarati ← tṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

• svayugvabhiḥ ← svayugvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• sūro ← sūraḥ ← sūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• svayugvabhiḥ ← svayugvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• sutasya ← su
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “press out; su.”

• rocate ← ruc
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “please; shine.”

• punāno ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• aruṣo ← aruṣaḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• hariḥ ← hari
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• rūpā ← rūpa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “form; appearance; beauty; look; shape; shape; symptom; feature; nature; guise; rūpa [word]; one; appearance; likeness; color; kind; vowel; type; disguise; aspect; form; derivative; omen; vision.”

• pariyāty ← pariyāti ← pariyā ← √yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• ṛkvabhiḥ ← ṛkvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “singing.”

• saptāsyebhir ← sapta ← saptan
• [noun]
• “seven; seventh.”

• saptāsyebhir ← āsyebhiḥ ← āsya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “mouth; mouth; aperture; face; mukha; jaw; point.”

• ṛkvabhiḥ ← ṛkvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “singing.”

पुनानः पूयमानः सोमः हरिण्या हरितवर्णया अया अनया रुचा रोचमानया धारया विश्वा सर्वाणि द्वेषांसि द्वेष्टॄणि रक्षांसि तरति विनाशयति । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । सूरो न यथा सूर्यः स्वयुग्वभिः स्वयं युक्तै रश्मिभिस्तमांसि हिनस्ति तद्वत् । स्वयुग्वभिः इति द्विरुक्तिरादरार्था। यद्वा । धारया युक्तः सोमः स्वीयैर्युक्तैस्तेजोभी रक्षांसि तरति । तस्य सुतस्य अभिषुतस्य सोमस्य धारा रोचते दीप्यते । पुनानः पूयमानः हरिः हरितवर्णः सोमः अरुषः अरोचमानो भवति । यत् यः सोमः सप्तास्येभिः रसहरणशीलास्यैः ऋक्वभिः स्तुतिमद्भिः ऋक्वभिः तेजोभिः विश्वा विश्वानि व्याप्तानि रूपा रूपाणि नक्षत्राणि परियाति गच्छति व्याप्नोति ॥

English translation:

“With this bright green-tinted stream Soma being filtered overcomes all enemies with the (juices) yoked to it, as the sun (overcomes the darkness) with the (rays) yoked to it; the stream of the effused (Soma) shines, the filtered green-tinted (Soma) is resplendent, which pervade all constellations, with the ṛkvans, with the seven-mouthed ṛkvans.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With the rays yoked to it: svayugvabhiḥ refers to suraḥ; the repetition adds dignity; with the ṛkvans, with the seven-mouthed ṛkvans: rikvabhiḥ = stutimadbhiḥ; second ṛkvans = tejobhiḥ; thus, ‘with encomiastic splendours’ is the rendering; the seven-mouths are for taking up the Soma juice

Being purified with this golden light, he crosses all hatreds with (horses) of his own yoking—like the Sun with the (horses) of his own yoking.
In the stream of pressed (juice) he shines ruddy and tawny as he is being purified,
when he makes the circuit of all his forms by (the impetus of) the
versifiers—by (the impetus of) the versifiers with their seven mouths.

To achieve 8 syllables in pāda c we need to read sū́raḥ as trisyllabic, as Oldenberg points out - a fairly rare scansion for this word.

On “all forms” see comm. ad IX.64.8.

Geldner (n. 1fg) suggests that the “versifiers with their seven mouths” refers to the Aṅgirases, since the same word saptā́sya- is used of Bṛhaspati with ref. to the Aṅgireses in IV.50.4 and with direct ref. to Aṅgira in IV.51.4. This is quite plausible, given that the next vs. conerns the Vala myth - but the phrase must simultaneously apply to the current ritualists.

WITH this his golden splendour purifying him, he with his own allies subdues all enemies, as Sara with his own allies.
Cleansing himself with stream of juice he shines forth yellow-hued and red, when with the praisers he encompasses all forms, with praisers having seven mouths.

Mit diesem goldgelben Glanze sich läuternd entgeht er allen Feinden mit seinen selbstgeschirrten Rossen wie der Sonnengott mit den selbstgeschirrten Rossen. Im Strome des ausgepreßten Soma erglänzt der Geläuterte rötlichgelb, wenn er alle seine Farben durchläuft, von den Sängern, den siebenmündigen Sängern angetrieben.

Mit diesem goldnen hellen Glanz erstrahlend nun besiegt mit seinen Freunden alle Feinde er, mit seinen Freunden sonnengleich; Des Saftes Strom erglänzet hell, geklärt der rothe, goldene, Wenn alle Formen er durchläuft mit jubelnden, mit siebenmünd’gen jubelnden.

Очищаясь с этим желтоватым блеском,
Он пересекает все враждебности на самозапрягающихся (конях),
Как солнце – на самозапрягающихся (конях).
Потоком выжатого (сока) сверкает
Очищающийся (сома), красноватый, золотистый,
Когда он проходит через все (свои) облики, (погоняемый) певцами,
Семиротыми певцами.

• पवमानः सोमः
• अनानतः पारुच्छेपिः
• निचृदष्टिः
• मध्यमः

अब शूरवीर का कर्तव्य कथन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरिः) “हरतीति हरिः”=परपक्ष को हरण करनेवाला शूरवीर (अरुषः) उग्र तेजवाला (पुनानः) अपने वीर कर्मों से पवित्र करनेवाला (सुतस्य, धारा) संस्कार की धारा से (रोचते) दीप्तिमान् होता है, (हरिण्या) शुत्रओं को हनन करनेवाली (अया) इस (रुचा) दीप्ति से (पुनानः) पवित्र करता हुआ (स्वयुग्वभिः) अपनी स्वाभाविक शक्तियों द्वारा (विश्वा, द्वेषांसि) सब शत्रुओं को (तरति) हनन करता है, (न) जैसे (सूरः) सूर्य्य (स्वयुग्वभिः) अपनी स्वाभाविक शक्तियों से अन्धकार का नाशक होता है, (यत्) जैसे (सप्तास्येभिः) सात मुखोंवाली (ऋक्वभिः) किरणों से (विश्वा, रूपा) नानारूपों को धारण करता हुआ सूर्य्य (परियाति) प्राप्त होता है, इसी प्रकार (ऋक्वभिः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियों के सप्त छिद्रों से निकले हुए तेज द्वारा शूरवीर परपक्ष को प्राप्त होता है, इसलिये वह सूर्य्य की सप्त किरणों की तुलना करता है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में रूपकालंकार से शूरवीर की सूर्य्य के साथ तुलना कीगई है अर्थात् जिस प्रकार सूर्य्य अपने तेजोमय प्रभामण्डल से अन्धकार को छिन्न-भिन्न करता है, इसी प्रकार शूरवीर योधा शत्रुओं को छिन्न-भिन्न करके स्वयं स्थिर होता है ॥१॥

अथशूरःकिंकुर्यादित्युपदिश्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरिः)परपक्षहारकः शूरः (अरुषः) उग्रतेजस्वी (पुनानः) स्ववीरकर्मणा पावयन् (सुतस्य,धारा) संस्कारधारया(रोचते) शोभते(हरिण्या)शत्रुहारिण्या(अया,रुचा)अनयादीप्त्या(पुनानः)पावयन् (स्वयुग्वभिः) स्वस्वभावशक्तिभिः (विश्वा,द्वेषांसि) सर्वशत्रून्(तरति)समापयति(न)यथा(सूरः)सूर्य्यः(स्वयुग्वभिः)स्वशक्तिभिरन्धकारं नाशयतिएवंहि शूरोदुष्टान् (सप्तास्येभिः) सप्तमुखैः(ऋक्वभिः) किरणैः(विश्वा,रूपा) नानारूपं दधत्यथा सूर्यः (परियाति) प्राप्नोति, एवं हि (ऋक्वभिः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियाणां सप्तछिद्रनिःसृततेजोभिः(यत्) यतःशूरःपरपक्षंप्राप्नोति,अत एव सप्तकिरणवतासूर्येणोपमीयते॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अनानतः पारुच्छेपिः
• छन्दः - अत्यष्टिः

तुवं꣡ तिय꣡त् पणीनां᳐꣡ विदो व꣡सु
स꣡म् मातृ꣡भिर् मर्जयसि स्व꣡ आ꣡ द꣡म
ऋत꣡स्य धीति꣡भिर् द꣡मे
पराव꣡तो न꣡ सा꣡म त꣡द्
य꣡त्रा र꣡णन्ति धीत꣡यः
त्रिधा꣡तुभिर् अ꣡रुषीभिर् व꣡यो दधे
रो꣡चमानो व꣡यो दधे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
paṇīnā́m ← paṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

tyát ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vásu ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

vidaḥ ← √vid- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

dáme ← dáma- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

marjayasi ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mātŕ̥bhiḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

sám ← sám (invariable)
{}

své ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

dáme ← dáma- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

dhītíbhiḥ ← dhītí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

parāvátaḥ ← parāvát- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

sā́ma ← sā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dhītáyaḥ ← dhītí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ráṇanti ← √ranⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yátra ← yátra (invariable)
{}

áruṣībhiḥ ← áruṣī- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

dadhe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

tridhā́tubhiḥ ← tridhā́tu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

váyaḥ ← váyas- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dadhe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rócamānaḥ ← √ruc- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

váyaḥ ← váyas- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

त्वम् । त्यत् । प॒णी॒नाम् । वि॒दः॒ । वसु॑ । सम् । मा॒तृऽभिः॑ । म॒र्ज॒य॒सि॒ । स्वे । आ । दमे॑ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । धी॒तिऽभिः॑ । दमे॑ ।
प॒रा॒ऽवतः॑ । न । साम॑ । तत् । यत्र॑ । रण॑न्ति । धी॒तयः॑ ।
त्रि॒धातु॑ऽभिः । अरु॑षीभिः । वयः॑ । द॒धे॒ । रोच॑मानः । वयः॑ । द॒धे॒ ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• tyat ← tyad ← tya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “that.”

• paṇīnāṃ ← paṇīnām ← paṇi
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “niggard; paṇ.”

• vido ← vidaḥ ← vid
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “find; detect; marry; get; think.”

• vasu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• mātṛbhir ← mātṛbhiḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• marjayasi ← marjay ← √mṛj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• sva ← sve ← sva
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• dama ← dame ← dama
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “dwelling; home.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• dhītibhir ← dhītibhiḥ ← dhīti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “thinking; prayer; understanding.”

• dame ← dama
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “dwelling; home.”

• parāvato ← parāvataḥ ← parāvat
• [noun], ablative, singular, feminine
• “distance; distance; distance.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sāma ← sāman
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “Sāman; Sama-Veda; song; sāman [word]; hymn.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• yatrā ← yatra
• [adverb]
• “wherein; once [when].”

• raṇanti ← ran
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “rejoice.”

• dhītayaḥ ← dhīti
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “thinking; prayer; understanding.”

• tridhātubhir ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tridhātubhir ← dhātubhiḥ ← dhātu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “mineral; dhātu; saptadhātu; Sanskrit verbal root; etymon; aṣṭaloha; mahābhūta; gairika; component; navadhātu; svarṇamākṣika; doṣa; inorganic compound.”

• aruṣībhir ← aruṣībhiḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “red; red.”

• vayo ← vayaḥ ← vayas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

• dadhe ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• rocamāno ← rocamānaḥ ← ruc
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “please; shine.”

• vayo ← vayaḥ ← vayas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

• dadhe ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

हे सोम त्वं त्यत् पणीनां वसु पणिभिरपहृतं गवात्मकं धनं विदः अलभथाः। आ अपि च ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य धीतिभिः धात्रीभिः मातृभिः वसतीवरीभिः स्वे आत्मीये दमे गृहभूते दमे यज्ञे सं मर्जयसि सम्यक् शुद्धो भवसि । परावतो न दूरस्थाद्देशाद्यथा साम सामध्वनिः श्रूयते तथा तव तत् सामध्वनिः सर्वैः श्रूयते । असौ सोमाभिषवाभिप्रायेणोक्तः । यत्र यस्मिन् शब्दे धीतयः कर्मणो धर्तारो यजमानाः रणन्ति रमन्ते । रोचमानः सोमः त्रिधातुभिः त्रयाणां लोकानां धारयित्रीभिर्मातृभिर्वसतीवरीभिः अरुषीभिः आरोचमानाभिर्दीप्तिभिः वयः अन्नं दधे स्तोतृभ्यः प्रयच्छति । पुनः वयो दधे इत्यादरार्थम् ॥

English translation:

“You did discover the wealth of the Paṇis, and are washed in your own house at the sacrifice by the mothers, the supporters of the sacrifice; as the hymn (is heard) from afar, so it (is heard by all, the hymn) in which the supporters (of the rite) rejoice; the shining (Soma) with its brilliant (waters), the supporters of the three (worlds), gives food, gives food (to the worshippers).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

By the mothers: the vasatīvarī waters

You found that good thing of the Paṇis [=herd of cows]. You groom (it), along with your mothers, in your own house—in your house through the insights of truth.
Like a melody (heard) from afar, this is where the insights find pleasure. He has acquired vitality through the tripartite ruddy (cows)—shining, he has acquired vitality.

As indicated in the published introduction, at least the 1st part of this vs. touches on the Vala myth (as did 1g), but with some twists. In pāda a “that good thing of the Paṇis” (tyát paṇīnā́m … vásu) must be the herd of cows concealed in the Vala cave.

The only other ref. to the Paṇis in IX is IX.22.7 … paṇíbhya ā́vásu gávyāni dhārayaḥ “You secured from the Paṇis the good things of cattle,” which specifies the vásu (there pl.) as bovine.

As indicated in the published introduction, problems arise in pāda b, with the verb marjayasi. The morphology of this form is absolutely clear, as is the normal sense of this well-attested -áya-formation: it is transitive and active (save for a fair number of mechanical -anta replacements, which are also transitive). The clarity of its form collides with the expected sense: if Soma is the subject (and who else would it be?), Soma is normally the object of √mṛj (or subj. of passive forms). We do not expect Soma to be the groomer, not the groomee (as it were). It is somewhat distressing to observe fine RVic scholars override the morphology in order to obtain their desired sense. Renou simply renders it as reflexive (“tu te nettoies”) without comment; even the usually severe Oldenberg, after some disc. of previous suggestions, simply declares that here (as, acdg. to him, often) the active “im ungefähren Sinn des Mediums steht.” Geldner, however, holds the line (see his n. 2b rejecting Oldenberg’s suggestion), and tr. it as an absolute, without obj. (“mit den Müttern machst du im eigenen Haus sauber”), suggesting that it depicts a child cleaning along with its mother – producing the somewhat comic image of Soma as an especially tidy child. He then takes back his admirably austere approach to the morphology by remarking “Natürlich ist die saubere Herstellung des Soma gemeint …” I think it must be meant as a real transitive, and the object to supply lies ready to hand: the vásu (so also Grassmann under √mṛj + sám 4), i.e., the cattle, of the Paṇis, which can also stand for the milk to be mixed with the soma juice. Here Soma acts as agent in the preparation of this milk “in his own house,” that is, the ritual ground. He performs the grooming along with the mothers (b), immediately specified (c) as “the insights of truth” (ṛtásya dhītíbhiḥ), the hymns accompanying the ritual.

After this preparation (/grooming) of the milk, the soma is mixed with it and acquires vitality thereby (fg). On the possible sense of tridhā́tu- see comm. ad IX.70.8. It may refer to three ingredients but exactly which ones aren’t clear; in the published translation I suggest that they are identified with the three forms of ritual speech, as casually suggested by Renou, although I am not sure I stand behind that view now.

As for pāda d, both Geldner and Renou take sā́ma as part of the frame, not the simile, which for them consists only of parāváto ná (e.g., “Wie aus der Ferne (kommt) dieser Gesang”). Geldner (n. 2d) suggests it’s the sound of the trickling soma. By contrast I take sā́ma as part of the simile and suggest that it could refer to the song with which Bṛhaspati/Indra and the Aṅgirases opened the Vala cave. The sā́man- is not a prominent feature of the Soma maṇḍala, occurring only once elsewhere (IX.96.22).

I take yátra as standing for yásmin, as the loc. regularly found with √ran, so it need not refer to a place or time. Both for the loc. with √ran and for the sā́man- as locus of pleasure, cf. I.147.1 rtásya s ̥ ā́man raṇáyanta devā́ḥ “the gods delight in the melody of truth.”

That treasure of the Panis thou discoveredst; thou with thy mothers deckest thee in thine abode, with songs of worship in thine home.
As ’twere from far, the hymn is heard, where holy songs resound in joy. He with the ruddy-hued, threefold hath won life-power, he, glittering, hath won life-power.

Du fandest jenen Schatz der Pani´s; mit den Müttern zusammen machst du im eigenen Hause sauber, mit dem Gedanken an das Gesetz in dem Hause. Wie aus der Ferne kommt dieser Gesang, woran sich die frommen Gedanken weiden. Durch die dreifachen rötlichen Kühe hat er Lebenskraft bekommen, erglänzend hat er Lebenskraft bekommen.

Du fandest jenen reichen Schatz der Diebe auf, verherrlichst mit den Müttern ihn im eignen Haus durch Opfers Andacht in dem Haus; Wie aus der Ferne tönt der Sang, an dem die Frommen sich erfreun, Durch dreigetheilte lichte Tränke nimmt er Kraft, der glänzende nimmt Kraft sich an.

Ты нашел то самое добро Пани.
Благодаря (своим) матерям ты наводишь блеск в своем доме,
Благодаря мыслям о (вселенском) законе – в (своем) доме.
Та мелодия (пришла) словно издалека (туда,)
Где радуются мысли.
С помощью трехчастных красноватых (коров) ты получил жизненную силу,
Сверкая, ты получил жизненную силу.

• पवमानः सोमः
• अनानतः पारुच्छेपिः
• भुरिगष्टिः
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्र) जिस युद्ध में (धीतयः) युद्धकुशल लोग (परावतः) दूर से ही (रणन्ति) मङ्गलमय गीत गाते हैं, (न) जैसे (साम) सामगान होता है, हे शूरवीर ! (त्वं) तुम (पणीनां) परपक्ष के ऐश्वर्य्यवालों से (त्यत्, वसु) जो धन छीना गया है, उसको (ऋतस्य, धीतिभिः) कर्मयज्ञ द्वारा (विदः) लाभ करके (दमे) अपने वशीभूत करते हो (आ) और (दमे) अपने अधीन धन को (मातृभिः, सं, मर्जयसि) माता पितादत्त शक्ति द्वारा फिर भली-भाँति अर्जन करके (त्रिधातुभिः) तीन धातुओं से बने हुए (अरुषीभिः) कान्तिवाले इस शरीर द्वारा (वयः, दधे) ऐश्वर्य्य को धारण करते हो और (रोचमानः,वयः,दधे) दीप्तिवाले ऐश्वर्य्यशाली होकर स्वतन्त्रतापूर्वक अपने जीवन को आनन्द में परिणत करते हो॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र का भावार्थ यह है कि जिस प्रकार ब्रह्मोपासक ब्रह्मयज्ञ में ब्रह्म के ज्ञानादि ऐश्वर्यों को धारण करते हैं, इसी प्रकार शूरवीर कर्मयज्ञ में परमात्मा के अभ्युदयरूप ऐश्वर्य को धारण करते हुए इस त्रिधातुमय शरीर के प्रयत्न को सफल करते हैं ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्र)अस्मिन्युद्धे(धीतयः)युद्धकुशलाः(परावतः) दूरस्थाद्देशादेव (रणन्ति)मङ्गलगीतंगायन्ति(न)यथा(साम)साम गीयते,हे शूर! (त्वं)त्वं(पणीनाम्) परपक्षैश्वर्य्यवतः(त्यत्,वसु) बलातीतंधनं (ऋतस्य,धीतिभिः) कर्मणां यज्ञैः (विदः) लभमानः (दमे) स्ववशमानयसि(आ) अथच(दमे) स्ववशे कृत्वा (मातृभिः, संमर्जयसि) मातापितृदत्तशक्त्या पुनरपि सम्यक् समर्जयसि (त्रिधातुभिः) त्रिधातुनिर्मितेन (अरुषीभिः) कान्तिमता शरीरेण (वयः,दधे) पुनरप्यैश्वर्यंदधासि(रोचमानः)दीप्यमानःसन् (वयः, दधे)पुनरप्यैश्वर्यंदधासि॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अनानतः पारुच्छेपिः
• छन्दः - अत्यष्टिः

पू꣡र्वाम् अ꣡नु प्रदि꣡शं याति चे꣡कितत्
सं꣡ रश्मि꣡भिर् यतते दर्शतो꣡ र꣡थो
दइ꣡वियो दर्शतो꣡ र꣡थः
अ꣡ग्मन्न् उक्था꣡नि पउं꣡सिया
इ꣡न्द्रं जइ꣡त्राय हर्षयन्
व꣡ज्रश् च य꣡द् भ꣡वथो अ꣡नपच्युता
सम꣡त्सु अ꣡नपच्युता

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ánu ← ánu (invariable)
{}

cékitat ← √cit- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pradíśam ← pradíś- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pū́rvām ← pū́rva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

yāti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

darśatáḥ ← darśatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

raśmíbhiḥ ← raśmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ráthaḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sám ← sám (invariable)
{}

yatate ← √yat- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

daívyaḥ ← daívya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

darśatáḥ ← darśatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ráthaḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ágman ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

paúṁsyā ← paúṁsya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

ukthā́ni ← ukthá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

harṣayan ← √hr̥ṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jaítrāya ← jaítra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

ánapacyutā ← ánapacyuta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

bhávathaḥ ← √bhū- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ca ← ca (invariable)
{}

vájraḥ ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ánapacyutā ← ánapacyuta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

samátsu ← samád- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

पूर्वा॑म् । अनु॑ । प्र॒ऽदिश॑म् । या॒ति॒ । चेकि॑तत् । सम् । र॒श्मिऽभिः॑ । य॒त॒ते॒ । द॒र्श॒तः । रथः॑ । दैव्यः॑ । द॒र्श॒तः । रथः॑ ।
अग्म॑न् । उ॒क्थानि॑ । पौंस्या॑ । इन्द्र॑म् । जैत्रा॑य । ह॒र्ष॒य॒न् ।
वज्रः॑ । च॒ । यत् । भव॑थः । अन॑पऽच्युता । स॒मत्ऽसु॑ । अन॑पऽच्युता ॥

• pūrvām ← pūrva
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”

• anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• pradiśaṃ ← pradiśam ← pradiś
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “quarter; direction; command; region; indication.”

• yāti ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• cekitat ← cekit ← √cit
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “chew over.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• raśmibhir ← raśmibhiḥ ← raśmi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

• yatate ← yat
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “strive; endeavor; join; equal; rival.”

• darśato ← darśataḥ ← darśata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beautiful; visible; beautiful.”

• ratho ← rathaḥ ← ratha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• daivyo ← daivyaḥ ← daivya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “divine; divine; celestial.”

• darśato ← darśataḥ ← darśata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beautiful; visible; beautiful.”

• rathaḥ ← ratha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• agmann ← agman ← gam
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• ukthāni ← uktha
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”

• pauṃsyendraṃ ← pauṃsyā ← pauṃsya
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “manfulness; deed; army; strength.”

• pauṃsyendraṃ ← indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• jaitrāya ← jaitra
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “superiority.”

• harṣayan ← harṣay ← √hṛṣ
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “gladden; stimulate; rejoice.”

• vajraś ← vajraḥ ← vajra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• bhavatho ← bhavathaḥ ← bhū
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• anapacyutā ← an
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• anapacyutā ← apacyutā ← apacyu ← √cyu
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “abscond.”

• samatsv ← samatsu ← samad
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “conflict; strife.”

• anapacyutā ← an
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• anapacyutā ← apacyutā ← apacyu ← √cyu
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “abscond.”

चेकितत् जानानः सोमः पूर्वां प्राचीं प्रदिशं प्रकृष्टां दिशम् अनु याति अनुगच्छति । किंच दर्शतः सर्वैर्दर्शनीयः दैव्यः देवेषु भवस्तव रथः सूर्यरश्मिभिः सं यतते संगच्छते । पुनः दर्शतो रथः इत्यादरार्थम् । ततः पौंस्या पुंस्त्वावगमानि उक्थानि स्तोत्राणि अग्मन् इन्द्रं गच्छन्ति । तथा जैत्राय जयार्थं तानि स्तोत्राणि इन्द्रं हर्षयन् हर्षयन्ति । तथा तस्य वज्रश्च तमिन्द्रं गच्छति । यत् यदा समत्सु संग्रामेषु अनपच्युता अनपच्युतौ शत्रुभिरपराजितौ सोम त्वं चेन्द्रश्च युवां सह भवथः तदा स्तोत्रागमनादीनि भवन्ति । पुनः अनपच्युता इत्यादरार्थम् ॥ ॥ २४ ॥

English translation:

“The intelligent Soma proceeds to the eastern quarter; (your) beautiful chariot, (your) celestial beautiful chariot meets the sun’s rays; the manly praises advance to Indra and stimulate him to victory; (his) thunderbolt too (advances to him); so that you are invincible, invincible in battle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

You are invincible: you two, i.e., Soma and Indra; or, better, so that you two, you and Vajra

Following his earlier [/eastern] direction he drives, ever observant. He aligns himself with the reins [/(sun’s) rays] as a chariot lovely to
see—a heavenly chariot lovely to see.
The hymns, the manly powers, have come: they excite Indra to victory, when you [=Soma] and his mace become unbudgeable—unbudgeable in battles.
The last three hymns in the IXth Maṇḍala share a refrain, are all in paṅkti meter, and can be safely considered supplements to the original book on the grounds of language and subject matter (see Oldenberg 1888: 202).

There appears to be a pun on raśmíbhiḥ in b; the word means both ‘reins’ and (metaphorically) ‘rays’, and in fact the extended meaning is more common in the RV than the original literal one. Here both Geldner and Renou render only the sun’s rays sense (e.g., “avec les rayons (solaires)”), and this sense is certainly there, prompted by Soma’s eastern journey in pāda a, as well as the comparison to the sun in 1c. Cf., with the same verb, V.37.1 sáṃ bhānúnā yatate sū́ryasya “He aligns himself with the radiance of the sun.” But the repeated phrase darśató ráthaḥ (b, c) “chariot lovely to see” suggests that the ‘rein’ sense is also here. But the distinction is somewhat muddled in practice, since the “heavenly chariot” of c is most likely the sun, with which Soma is being identified.

Pāda f contains a non-overt Vāyav Indraś ca construction: vájraś ca yád bhávathaḥ “when (you) and the mace become …” The 2nd du. verb bhávathaḥ presupposes a 2nd ps. Soma (expect voc. soma), conjoined with the nom. vájraḥ by ca.

He moves intelligent, directed to the East. The very beauteous car rivals the beams of light, the beautiful celestial car.
Hymns, lauding manly valour, came, inciting Indra to success, that ye may be unconquered, both thy bolt and thou, both be unconquered in the war.

In der früheren Richtung fährt er, die Blicke auf sich ziehend; er wetteifert mit der Sonne Strahlen, ein ansehnlicher Wagen, der göttliche ansehnliche Wagen. Es sind die Preislieder gekommen, die Kräfte: sie sollen dem Indra zum Siege Lust machen, daß du und die Keule, ihr beide, nie wankend seid, in den Schlachten nie wankend.

Nach alter Weisung fährt er hellerglänzend jetzt, mit lichten Strahlen eint der schöne Wagen sich, der schöne Götterwagen sich; Genaht sind Sprüche voller Kraft, zum Sieg begeistern Indra sie; Denn unbesiegt seid beide ihr, du und dein Blitz, in Schlachten seid ihr unbesiegt.

Он движется по восточной стороне, наблюдая;
Он подстраивается к лучам (солнца), прекрасная на вид колесница,
Небесная прекрасная на вид колесница.
Пришли гимны, силы мужества –
Пусть возбудят они Индру для победы,
Чтоб (сома) и (Индра-) ваджра были неколебимы,
В сражениях неколебимы!

• पवमानः सोमः
• अनानतः पारुच्छेपिः
• अष्टिः
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दर्शतः) दर्शनीय (रथः) शूरवीर का गमन (दैव्यः) दिव्यशक्तियुक्त (रश्मिभिः) उत्साहरूप किरणों द्वारा (सं, यतते) भली-भाँति यत्नशील होता है, (चेकितत्) युद्धविद्या के जाननेवाला योधा (पूर्वा, प्रदिशं) प्रशंसनीय गति को (याति) प्राप्त होता है, (पौंस्या, उक्थानि) पुंस्त्वसम्बन्धि स्तवन जब (अग्मन्) विजेता को प्राप्त होते हैं, तब (मैत्राय) विजेता उत्साहयुक्त होकर स्वामी को (हर्षयन्) प्रसन्न करता हुआ (इन्द्रं) अपने स्वामी को प्राप्त होता है, (यत्) क्योंकि (समत्सु) संग्रामों में (अनपच्युता, भवथः) न गिरे हुए स्वामी तथा सेवक सद्गति के भागी होते हैं (च) और (वज्रः) उनका शस्त्र भी अवर्जनीय होकर संसार में अव्याहत गति को प्राप्त होता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में शूरवीर के तेज की दिव्य तेज से तुलना की गई है, कि जिस प्रकार द्युलोकवर्ती तेज अन्धकार को दूर करके सर्वत्र प्रकाश का संचार करता है, इसी प्रकार शूरवीर का तेज तमोरूप शुत्रओं का हनन करके अभ्युदयरूप ऐश्वर्य्य का संचार करता है ॥३॥ यह १११ वाँ सूक्त और चौबीसवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दर्शतः)दर्शनीयं(रथः)शूरगमनं(दैव्यः)दैव्यशक्तियुक्तं(रश्मिभिः)उत्साहरूपकिरणैः (सं,यतते) सम्यग्यत्नशीलंभवति (चेकितत्) युद्धविद्याज्ञातायोधः(पूर्वां,प्रदिशं)प्रशस्यगतिं (याति) प्राप्नोतियदा (पौंस्या,उक्थानि) पुंस्त्वसंबन्धिस्तवनानि (अग्मन्) विजेतारं प्राप्नुवन्ति(जैत्राय,हर्षयन्)तदाविजेतामोदयन्(इन्द्रं)स्वस्वामिनंप्राप्नोति (यत्) यतः (समत्सु) संग्रामेषु (अनपच्युता,भवथः) अपतितौ स्वामिसेवकौ सद्गतिं लभेते (च) अथ च (वज्रः) तच्छस्त्रमपिअवर्जनीयत्वात्समरेऽव्याहगतिंलभते॥३॥ इत्येकादशोत्तरशततमंसूक्तंचतुर्विंशो वर्गश्चसमाप्तः॥