१०५

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - पर्वतनारदौ
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

तं᳓ वः सखायो म᳓दाय
पुनान᳓म् अभि᳓ गायत
शि᳓शुं न᳓ यज्ञइः᳓ स्वदयन्त गूर्ति᳓भिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
mádāya ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sakhāyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

gāyata ← √gā(y)- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

punānám ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

gūrtíbhiḥ ← gūrtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śíśum ← śíśu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

svadayanta ← √svad- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yajñaíḥ ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

तम् । वः॒ । स॒खा॒यः॒ । मदा॑य । पु॒ना॒नम् । अ॒भि । गा॒य॒त॒ ।
शिशु॑म् । न । य॒ज्ञैः । स्व॒द॒य॒न्त॒ । गू॒र्तिऽभिः॑ ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “you.”

• sakhāyo ← sakhāyaḥ ← sakhi
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• madāya ← mada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• punānam ← pū
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• gāyata ← gā
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “sing; praise; jap; recite; describe.”

• śiśuṃ ← śiśum ← śiśu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “child; young; baby; śiśu [word]; Śiśu; male child; fetus.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yajñaiḥ ← yajña
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• svadayanta ← svaday ← √svad
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “sweeten.”

• gūrtibhiḥ ← gūrti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

हे सखायः ऋत्विजः वः यूयं मदाय देवानां मदार्थं पुनानं पूयमानं तं सोमम् अभि गायत अभिष्टुत । तमिमं सोमं शिशुं न शिशुमिवालंकारैः क्षीरादिभिश्च यथा स्वादूकुर्वन्ति तद्वत् यज्ञैः हविर्भिर्मिश्रणैः गूर्तिभिः स्तुतिभिश्च स्वदयन्त स्वादूकुर्वन्ति ॥

English translation:

“Hymn, friends, the Soma purified for the exhilaration (of the gods), gratify him with oblations and praises as (men gratify) a child (with ornaments).”

Comrades, sing to him while he is being purified for your exhilaration. Like a child they sweeten him with sacrifices, with greetings.

The init. voc. sákhāyaḥ in 104.1a is postponed in 105.1a till after táṃ vaḥ.

The 2nd pāda begins with the same middle participle, punāná-, but in diff. case forms: 104.1b dative, 105.1b acc. The rest of b is identical save for the preverb: 104.1b prá gāyata, 105.1b abhí gāyata. The final pādas begin identically, śíśuṃ ná, but go their own ways.

SING; ye aloud, O friends, to him who makes him pure for gladdening drink:
They shall make sweet the Child with sacrifice and laud.

Auf ihn, der sich euch, ihr Freunde, zum Rauschtrank läutert, stimmet den Gesang an! Wie ein Kind, so richten sie ihn mit Opfergebeten, mit Lobsprüchen her.

Besingt, o Freunde, diesen hier, den ihr zum Rausch geläutert habt; Sie säugen ihn mit Lob und Opfer wie ein Kind.

Воспойте, о друзья, этого очищающегося
Для вашего опьянения!
Как ребенка, они сделали его привлекательным с помощью жертв (и) восхвалений.

• पवमानः सोमः
• पर्वतनारदौ
• उष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सखायः) हे उपासक लोगों ! (यज्ञैः स्वदयन्तः) जो कि आप लोग यज्ञद्वारा परमात्मा का स्तवन करते हैं, (गूर्तिभिः) स्तुतियों द्वारा (तम्) उक्त परमात्मा को (वः, पुनानम्) जो आप सबको पवित्र करनेवाला है, (शिशुम्) प्रशंसनीय है, उसको आनन्द के लिये (अभिगायत) गायन करें॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा के यश का गायन करते हैं, वे अवश्यमेव परमात्मज्ञान को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सखायः)हेउपासकाः! (यज्ञैः, स्वदयन्तः) यतो यूयं यज्ञैः परमात्मानं स्तुथ अतः (गूर्त्तिभिः) स्तुतिभिः (तं) उक्तपरमात्मानं (वः, पुनानम्) युष्माकं पावयितारं (शिशुं) शंसनीयं (मदाय) आनन्दाय(अभिगायत)सम्यग्गायत॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - पर्वतनारदौ
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

सं᳓ वत्स᳓ इव मातृ᳓भिर्
इ᳓न्दुर् हिन्वानो᳓ अज्यते
देवावी᳓र् म᳓दो मति᳓भिः प᳓रिष्कृतः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
iva ← iva (invariable)

mātŕ̥bhiḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

sám ← sám (invariable)

vatsáḥ ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ajyate ← √añj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

hinvānáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devāvī́ḥ ← devāvī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mádaḥ ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

matíbhiḥ ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

páriṣkr̥taḥ ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

सम् । व॒त्सःऽइ॑व । मा॒तृऽभिः॑ । इन्दुः॑ । हि॒न्वा॒नः । अ॒ज्य॒ते॒ ।
दे॒व॒ऽअ॒वीः । मदः॑ । म॒तिऽभिः॑ । परि॑ऽकृतः ॥

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• vatsa ← vatsaḥ ← vatsa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• mātṛbhir ← mātṛbhiḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• indur ← induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• hinvāno ← hinvānaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• ajyate ← añj
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “smear; anoint; mix; color.”

• devāvīr ← devāvīḥ ← devāvī
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• mado ← madaḥ ← mada
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• matibhiḥ ← mati
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

• pariṣkṛtaḥ ← pariṣkṛ ← √kṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “decorate.”

हिन्वानः प्रेर्यमाणः इन्दुः सोमो वसतीवरीभिः सम् अज्यते । सम्यक् सिक्तो भवति । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । वत्सइव वत्सो यथा मातृभिः गोभिः समक्तो भवति तद्वत् । कीदृशः । देवावीः देवानां रक्षकः मदः मदकरः मतिभिः स्तुतिभिः परिष्कृतः अलंकृतः ॥ भूषणार्थे ’ संपर्युपेभ्यः इति सुडागमः। ‘परिनिविभ्यः’ (पा. सू. ८. ३. ७० ) इति सुटः षत्वम् ॥ अयं दक्षय साधनोऽयं शर्धय वीतये । अयं देवेभ्यो मधुमत्तमः सुतः ॥ ३ ॥ अयम् । दर्धाय । साधनः। अयम् । शर्धाय । वीतये । अयम् । देवेभ्यः। मधुमत्त मः। सुतः ॥३॥

English translation:

“Indu being set forth is sprinkled (with the waters) as a calf (is nourished) by its mother– the protector of the deities, the exhilarator, graced by praises.”

Like a calf, being impelled to join with his mothers, he is driven [/anointed], pursuing the gods, the exhilarating drink adorned all around with
thoughts.

Pāda a in both hymns has both the calf (acc. in 104, nom. in 105) and its mothers (both instr.), as well as the init. preverb sám and a simile particle (ná in 104, iva in 105). The b pādas are quite different. The c pādas begin with the same two words, devāvī́- máda-, acc. in 104, nom. in 105. Again the rest of the c pāda diverges.

Like as a calf with mother cows, so Indu is urged forth and sent,
Glorified by our hymns, the God-delighting juice.

Wie ein Kalb wird der zur Eile getriebene Saft mit seinen Müttern vereinigt, der göttereinladende Rauschtrank, mit Gedichten herausgeputzt.

Wie mit der Mütterschar das Kalb wird Indu fortgeführt, entsandt; Der Rauschtrank mit Gebet geschmückt, der Götter labt.

Как теленок со(единяется) с матерями,
Поторапливаемый сок сомы умащатся (молоком),
Пьянящий напиток, приглашающий богов, приготовленный с молитвами.

• पवमानः सोमः
• पर्वतनारदौ
• उष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (देवावीः) देवताओं का रक्षक (इन्दुः) प्रकाशस्वरूप परमात्मा (हिन्वानः) उपास्यमान (मतिभिः) चित्तवृत्तियों द्वारा (समज्यते) उपासन किया जाता है। वह (मदः, वत्स, इव) परमानन्द के समान (मातृभिः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियों द्वारा (परिष्कृतः) परिष्कार को प्राप्त ध्यान का विषय होता है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग अपनी चित्तवृत्तियों को निर्मल करके उस परमात्मा का ध्यान करते हैं, परमात्मा अवश्यमेव उनके ध्यान का विषय होता है ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (देवावीः)देवानांरक्षकः(इन्दुः) प्रकाशमयः परमात्मा(हिन्वानः)उपास्यमानः(मतिभिः)चित्तवृत्तिभिः(समज्यते)उपास्यते।सः(मदः,वत्सः,इव) परमानन्दइव (मतिभिः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियैः (परिष्कृतः)संस्कृतःसन्ध्यानविषयोभवति॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - पर्वतनारदौ
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

अयं᳓ द᳓क्षाय सा᳓धनो
अयं᳓ श᳓र्धाय वीत᳓ये
अयं᳓ देवे᳓भ्यो म᳓धुमत्तमः सुतः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ayám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dákṣāya ← dákṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sā́dhanaḥ ← sā́dhana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ayám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śárdhāya ← śárdha- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

vītáye ← vītí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

ayám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devébhyaḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

mádhumattamaḥ ← mádhumattama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

अ॒यम् । दक्षा॑य । साध॑नः । अ॒यम् । शर्धा॑य । वी॒तये॑ ।
अ॒यम् । दे॒वेभ्यः॑ । मधु॑मत्ऽतमः । सु॒तः ॥

• ayaṃ ← ayam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• dakṣāya ← dakṣa
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”

• sādhano ← sādhanaḥ ← sādhana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “effective; performing.”

• ‘yaṃ ← ayam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• śardhāya ← śardha
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “troop.”

• vītaye ← vī
• [verb noun]
• “approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”

• ayaṃ ← ayam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• devebhyo ← devebhyaḥ ← deva
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• madhumattamaḥ ← madhumattama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sweetest.”

• sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

अयं सोमः दक्षाय बलाय वर्धनाय वा साधनः साधयिता भवति । तथा अयं सोमः शर्धाय वेगार्थं वीतये देवानां भक्षणार्थं च भवति । सुतः अभिषुतः अयं सोमः देवेभ्यः इन्दादिभ्यः मधुमत्तमः अतिशयेन माधुर्ययुक्तो भवति । अत्यन्तं मदकरो भवतीति वा ॥

English translation:

“This (Soma) is an instrumental ument for invigoration; he (is useful) for speed (and) for the banquet of your gods; he is effused most sweet-flavoured for the gods.”

Here is the one bringing success to skill; here is the one to pursue
the troop.
Here is the pressed drink, most honeyed for the gods.

The a pāda in 105 decompounds dakṣa-sā́dhana- in 104 to dákṣāya sā́dhanaḥ. The two yáthā’s beginning 104.3b and c are replaced by ayám’s (also in a). The rest of b consists of the same datival purpose expression as in 104.3b. A superlative plus dative of benefit is found in both c pādas: 104.3c mitrā́ya váruṇāya śáṃtamaḥ, 105.3c devébhyo mádhumattamaḥ.

Effectual means of power is he, he is a banquet for the Troop,
He who hath been effused, most rich in meath, for Gods.

Er ist der Wirkenskraft förderlich, er soll dem Marutheer einladend sein; dieser Süßeste ist für die Götter ausgepreßt.

Er der zur Kraft Gedeihen gibt, er ist der Marutschar zum Mahl, Und er den Göttern als der süsseste gepresst.

Он (бог,) вызывающий силу действия,
Он (служит) для приглашения толпы (Марутов),
Он выжат, как самый богатый медом для богов.

• पवमानः सोमः
• पर्वतनारदौ
• निचृदुष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अयम्) वह परमात्मा जो (दक्षाय, साधनः) चातुर्य का एकमात्र साधन है, (अयम्) वह (शर्धाय) बल के लिये (मधुमत्तमः) आनन्दमय है, (अयम्) वह (देवेभ्यः) विद्वानों के लिये (सुतः) अभिव्यक्त है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सब प्रकार की नीति का साधन एकमात्र परमात्मा है। जो विद्वान् नीतिनिपुण होना चाहते हैं, वे भी एकमात्र परमात्मा की शरण लें ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अयम्) अयं परमात्मा (दक्षाय,साधनः) चातुर्य्यस्यैकमात्र- साधनोऽस्ति(अयम्)अयञ्च(शर्धाय)बलाय(वीतये)तृप्तयेच(मधुमत्तमः)आनन्दमयः(अयं)अयञ्च(देवेभ्यः) विद्वद्भ्यः(सुतः)अभि-व्यक्तोऽस्ति॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - पर्वतनारदौ
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

गो᳓मन् न इन्दो अ᳓श्ववत्
सुतः᳓ सुदक्ष धनुव
शु᳓चिं ते व᳓र्णम् अ᳓धि गो᳓षु दीधरम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áśvavat ← áśvavant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

gómat ← gómant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

dhanva ← √dhanv- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sudakṣa ← sudákṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

dīdharam ← √dhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

góṣu ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

śúcim ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

várṇam ← várṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

गोऽम॑त् । नः॒ । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । अश्व॑ऽवत् । सु॒तः । सु॒ऽद॒क्ष॒ । ध॒न्व॒ ।
शुचि॑म् । ते॒ । वर्ण॑म् । अधि॑ । गोषु॑ । दी॒ध॒र॒म् ॥

• goman ← gomat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “rich in cattle; bovine.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• aśvavat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• sudakṣa ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sudakṣa ← dakṣa
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “deft; right; intelligent; expert.”

• dhanva ← dhanv
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “run.”

• śuciṃ ← śucim ← śuci
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• varṇam ← varṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “color; caste; complexion; vowel; varṇa [word]; vowel; syllable; appearance; Karat; people; beauty; varṇa; gold; color; complexion.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• goṣu ← go
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• dīdharam ← dhṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”

हे सुदक्ष सुबल हे इन्दो सोम सुतः अभिषुतस्त्वं नः अस्माकं गोमत् यज्ञसाधनगोयुक्तम् अश्ववत् अश्वयुक्तं धनं धन्व गमय । धविर्गत्यर्थो भूवादिः । ततोऽहं शुचिं पूतं दीप्यमानं वा ते तव वर्णं रसं गोषु गव्येषु क्षीरादिषु अधि दीधरम् अधिधारयामि मिश्रयामि ॥

English translation:

“Powerful Indu who are effused, pour upon us (wealth) comprising cattle and horses; I mix the pure juice with the curds and milk.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sāma veda reads dhāraya for ddīdharam

When pressed, o well-skilled drop, run for us (with goods) in cows and horses.
I have fixed your gleaming color among the cows.

The first two pādas of this vs. in the two hymns diverge from each other.

The third pāda contains cows and color (várṇa-) in both hymns and refers metaphorically to the same ritual action in both, the mixing of the soma with milk, but the metaphors differ as do the verbs. It is in this vs. that the two hymns are most distant from each other.

Flow to us, Indu, passing, strong, effused, with wealth of kine and steeds:
I will spread forth above the milk thy radiant hue.

Ströme uns, o verständiger Saft, wenn ausgepreßt, Kuh- und Roßbesitz zu! Deine reine Farbe tragen ich auf die Kuhmilch auf.

O starker Indu, ströme uns, gepresster! Rinder, Rosse zu, Mit Milch hab’ deine lichte Farbe ich versehn.

Выжатый, о наделенный прекрасной силой действия, мчись,
(Даруя) нам владение коровами, о сок сомы, владение конями!
Чистый твой цвет я положил на (молоко) коров.

• पवमानः सोमः
• पर्वतनारदौ
• निचृदुष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे प्रकाशस्वरूप परमात्मन् (सुदक्ष) सर्वज्ञ (सुतः) आप सर्वत्र अभिव्यक्त हैं। (नः) हमको (गोमत्) ज्ञानयुक्त (अश्ववत्) क्रियायुक्त ऐश्वर्य्य को (धन्व) प्राप्त करायें, ताकि (ते) तुम्हारे (शुचिं वर्णम्) शुद्ध स्वरूप को (अधिगोषु) मन बुद्धि आदिकों में (दीधरम्) धारण करें॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा के शुद्धस्वरूप का ध्यान करते हैं, परमात्मा उनके ज्ञान को अपनी ज्योति से अवश्यमेव देदीप्यमान करता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो)हेप्रकाशस्वरूपपरमात्मन्! (सुदक्ष) हे सर्वज्ञ ! (सुतः) भवान् सर्वत्राभिव्यक्तः (नः) अस्मभ्यं (गोमत्) ज्ञानयुक्तं (अश्ववत्) क्रियायुक्तं चऐश्वर्यम् (धन्व) उत्पादयतु येन (ते) तव (शुचिं, वर्णं) शुद्धस्वरूपं (अधिगोषु) मनोबुद्ध्यादिषु (दीधरं) धारयाम ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - पर्वतनारदौ
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

स᳓ नो हरीणा᳐म् पत
इ᳓न्दो देव᳓प्सरस्तमः
स᳓खेव स᳓ख्ये न᳓रियो रुचे᳓ भव

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
harīṇām ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pate ← páti- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devápsarastamaḥ ← devápsarastama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

bhava ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

náryaḥ ← nárya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rucé ← rúc- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

sákhā ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhye ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

सः । नः॒ । ह॒री॒णा॒म् । प॒ते॒ । इन्दो॒ इति॑ । दे॒वप्स॑रःऽतमः ।
सखा॑ऽइव । सख्ये॑ । नर्यः॑ । रु॒चे । भ॒व॒ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• harīṇām ← hari
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• pata ← pate ← pati
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• devapsarastamaḥ ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devapsarastamaḥ ← psarastamaḥ ← psarastama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• sakheva ← sakhā ← sakhi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• sakheva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• sakhye ← sakhi
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• naryo ← naryaḥ ← narya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”

• ruce ← ruc
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “beam; radiance; color.”

• bhava ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

हे हरीणां पते नः अस्मदीयानां हरितवर्णानां पशूनां स्वामिन् हे इन्दो सोम देवसरस्तमः अतिशयेन दीप्तरूपोपेतः सः त्वं नर्यः कर्मनेतृभ्य ऋत्विग्भ्यो हितः स त्वं नः अस्माकं रुचे भव दीप्तिकरो भव । किमिव । सखेव यथा सखा सख्ये मित्राय दीप्तिकरो भवति तद्वत् ॥

English translation:

“Lord of our bay-coloured (cattle), Indu, who have a most brilliant form, do you who are kind to the priests be for a light to us as a friend (gives light) to a friend.”

O drop, lord of the fallow bays, as the one who best affords delight to the gods,
like a manly comrade for a comrade, be there for our illumination.

The first pāda in each begins sá no, followed by a GEN.PL. + pate voc. expression, with deaccented gen. pl. The second pāda begins with voc. indo, followed by the cmpd. devá-psaras-, in the splv. in 105, but the simple nom. sg. in 104. See disc. ad 104.4 for the parenthetical nature of 104.4b. The structure of c in both is sákheva sákhye … bhava. In 104.5c in between we get a splv., perhaps a delayed match to the splv. in 105.5b. The filler in 105c is different.

Lord of the tawny, Indu thou who art the God’s most special food,
As Friend to friend, for splendour be thou good to men.

Du, o Herr der Falben, o Saft, der den Göttern am besten mundet, verhilf wie ein mannhafter Freund seinem Freunde zu Ansehen!

O Indu, unsrer Rosse Herr, du bist der götternährendste, Sei kräftig uns zum Glanze wie der Freund dem Freund.

О господин наших буланых коней,
О сок сомы, самый пиршественный для богов,
Будь, как мужественный друг для друга, – (чтоб мы) блистали!

• पवमानः सोमः
• पर्वतनारदौ
• विराडुष्निक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरीणां, पते) हे अखिल प्रकाशाधार ! (इन्दो) परमात्मन् ! आप (देवप्सरस्तमः) दिव्य से दिव्य तेजवाले हैं। (सः) वह आप (नः, नर्यः) हम सब यज्ञकर्ताओं की (रुचे, भव) दीप्ति के लिये हो, (सख्ये, सखा, इव) जिस प्रकार मित्र मित्र के लिये तेजोवर्द्धक होता है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार सूर्य्य अन्य पदार्थों के तेज को देदीप्यमान करता है, इसी प्रकार परमात्मा भी ज्ञान-विज्ञानादि तेजों में लोगों को देदीप्यमान करता है ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरीणां,पते) हेअखिलप्रकाशाधार!(इन्दो) परमात्मन् ! भवान्(देवप्सरस्तमः)दिव्यतमतेजयुक्तोऽस्ति (सः)सभवान्(नः,नर्यः) अस्माकं याजकानां (रुचे,भव) दीप्तयेभवतु (सख्ये,सखा,इव)यथासखास्वमित्रस्यतेजोवर्धकोभवति॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - पर्वतनारदौ
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

स᳓नेमि तुव᳓म् अस्म᳓द् आँ᳓
अ᳓देवं कं᳓ चिद् अत्रि᳓णम्
साह्वाँ᳓ इन्दो प᳓रि बा᳓धो अ᳓प द्वयु᳓म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

asmát ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ABL, number:PL}

sánemi ← sánemi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

ádevam ← ádeva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

atríṇam ← atrín- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

kám ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ápa ← ápa (invariable)

bā́dhaḥ ← bā́dh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

dvayúm ← dvayú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

sāhvā́n ← √sah- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

सने॑मि । त्वम् । अ॒स्मत् । आ । अदे॑वम् । कम् । चि॒त् । अ॒त्रिण॑म् ।
सा॒ह्वान् । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । परि॑ । बाधः॑ । अप॑ । द्व॒युम् ॥

• sanemi
• [adverb]

• tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• asmad ← asmat ← mad
• [noun], ablative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• āṃ ← ām ← āṃ
• [adverb]

• adevaṃ ← adevam ← adeva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “godless.”

• kaṃcid ← kaścit
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “any(a); some(a); some(a); some(a); some(a).”

• atriṇam ← atrin
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Atrin; eater.”

• sāhvāṃ ← sah
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “endure; overcome; habituate.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• bādho ← bādhaḥ ← bādh
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “afflict; annoy; chase away; tease; grieve; irritate.”

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• dvayum ← dvayu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

हे सोम त्वं सनेमि पुराणं सख्यम् अस्मत् अस्मासु कुरु । आ अपि च अदेवम् अदेवनशीलं कं चित् अपि अत्रिणम् अदनशीलं राक्षसमस्मदस्मत्तोऽपगमय । किंच हे इन्दो साह्वान् शत्रूनभिभवन् बाधः बाधमानान् परि जहि । तथा द्वयुं द्वयवन्तं सत्यानृतयुक्तं बाह्याभ्यन्तरमायाद्वयोपेतं वा राक्षसमस्मत्तोऽपगमय ॥ ॥ ८ ॥

English translation:

“Do you (show) us your ancient (friendship), drive away the impious voracious (rākṣasa); Indu who are victorious overcome those who oppress us, (drive) off the double-dealing (rākṣas).”

(Put) away from us bag and baggage any ungodly devourer whatsoever. Having prevailed, o drop, (parry) oppressions, (keep) away the
double-dealing one.

The two versions redistribute some of the lexical material, while keeping other parts constant. Both begin the verse with sánemi and end it with asmád ā́; only the two syllables in between differ. Both b pādas end káṃ cid atríṇam; 105 borrows ádevam from the c pāda of 104, while 104.6b begins rakṣásam, not found in 105. The ápa … dvayúm found at the beginning of 104.6c appears at the end of 105.6c. What precedes has no parallel in 104.6.

The sequence pári bā́dhaḥ was emended to paribā́dhaḥ, here as well as in VIII.45.40 (see comm. there) by BR, fld. by Grassmann and Oldenberg, with Geldner skeptical but not entirely opposed (see his n. 6c). I suggest in both passages instead to assume a haplology of the impv. bādhasva in a putative sequence pári *bādhasva bā́dhaḥ, a suggestion made also by Renou on our passage here, as it turns out. In our passage we must also assume the gapping of *yuyodhi with ápa, based on 104.6c ápa … dvayúm … yuyodhi.

Drive utterly, far away from us each godless, each voracious foe.
O Indu, overcome and drive the false afar.

Halte gänzlich von uns den Gottlosen, jeden Atrin fern, als Überlegener, o Saft, die Drangsale, den Doppelzüngigen!

O jage ganz von uns hinweg den Frevler, jeden fressenden, O Indu, rings bewältigend den falschen Mann.

(Сделай) ты (, чтоб убрался) от нас совсем
Безбожник, любой атрин!
Одерживая верх, о сок сомы, (гони) прочь притеснения вокруг, (гони) двоедушного!

• पवमानः सोमः
• पर्वतनारदौ
• निचृदुष्णिक्
• ऋषभः