०९१

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अ꣡सर्जि व꣡क्वा र꣡थिये य꣡थाजउ꣡
धिया꣡ मनो꣡ता प्रथमो꣡ मनीषी꣡
द꣡श स्व꣡सारो अ꣡धि सा꣡नो अ꣡व्ये
अ꣡जन्ति व꣡ह्निं स꣡दनानि अ꣡छ

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ājaú ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ásarji ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

ráthye ← ráthya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vákvā ← vákvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáthā ← yáthā (invariable)
{}

dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

manīṣī́ ← manīṣín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

manótā ← manótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

prathamáḥ ← prathamá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)
{}

ávye ← ávya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

dáśa ← dáśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

sā́no ← sā́nu- ~ snú- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

svásāraḥ ← svásar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ácha ← ácha (invariable)
{}

ájanti ← √aj- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sádanāni ← sádana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

váhnim ← váhni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अस॑र्जि । वक्वा॑ । रथ्ये॑ । यथा॑ । आ॒जौ । धि॒या । म॒नोता॑ । प्र॒थ॒मः । म॒नी॒षी ।
दश॑ । स्वसा॑रः । अधि॑ । सानौ॑ । अव्ये॑ । अज॑न्ति । वह्नि॑म् । सद॑नानि । अच्छ॑ ॥

• asarji ← sṛj
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• vakvā ← vakvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• rathye ← rathya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

• yathājau ← yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

• yathājau ← ājau ← āji
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

• dhiyā ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• manotā ← manotṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• prathamo ← prathamaḥ ← prathama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”

• manīṣī ← manīṣin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sage; expert; devout.”

• daśa ← daśan
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

• svasāro ← svasāraḥ ← svasṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sister; svasṛ [word].”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• sāno ← sānu
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”

• avye ← avya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

• ‘janti ← ajanti ← aj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “drive; expel.”

• vahniṃ ← vahnim ← vahni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”

• sadanāny ← sadanāni ← sadana
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “seat; weakness; inertness; dwelling; exhaustion; numbness; home; residence; seat; inanition; location.”

• accha ← acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

वक्का शब्दयमानः । ‘वच परिभाषणे’। वनिप् । एतादृशः पवमानः सोमः आजौ । अजन्ति कर्मार्थमृत्विज इत्याजिर्यज्ञः । तस्मिन् धिया कर्मणा स्तोत्रेण वा साकम् असर्जि सृज्यते पात्रेष्विति । तत्र दृष्टान्तः। रथ्ये यथा रथार्ह आजौ । संग्रामनामैतत् अजन्ति प्रक्षिपन्ति आयुधान्यत्रेति । तस्मिन्नश्वो यथा धियाङ्गुल्या सृज्यते तद्वत् । कीदृशः । मनोता यस्मिन् देवानां मनांस्योतानि प्रोतानि सः । तथा च ब्राह्मणं - तस्मिन् हि तेषां मनांस्योतानि ’ (ऐ. ब्रा. २.१०) इति । प्रथमः सर्वेषां देवानां मुख्यः मनीषी । मनस ईषा मनीषा स्तुतिः । तद्वान् । दश स्वासरः दशसंख्याका अङ्गुलयः सदनानि यज्ञगृहाणि अच्छ अभिमुखीकृत्य वह्निं वोढारं सोमं सानौ समुच्छ्रिते । अधिः सप्तम्यर्थानुवादकः । अव्ये अविभवे अविवालेन कृते पवित्रे अजन्ति प्रेरयन्ति । ‘ अज गतिक्षेपणयोः ॥

English translation:

“(Soma) on whom the minds of the gods are fixed, chief (of the gods), recipient of praise, is let loose with a shout by ceremony as (a horse is let loose by the finger) in a battle of chariots; the ten sister (fingers) drive the bearer (of the oblation) on the elevated plural ce to the halls (of sacrifice).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

On whom the minds of the gods are fixed: tasmin hi teṣām manāṃsyotāni (Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 2.10)

Billowing, he has been let loose as if at a chariot contest—the foremost inspired thinker with his insight.
The ten sisters drive the draft-horse on the sheep’s back toward the seats.

As discussed in several places in the comm. (see lexical list), the root √vañc refers to a number of types of non-linear motion: undulate, curl, coil, etc., with these meanings also distributed among the derivatives of the root, esp. vákvan-. Here my tr. ‘billowing’ refers to the motion of the waves of the liquid soma; cf. X.148.5 ūrmír ná … vákvāḥ “billowing like a wave.” The published translation doesn’t adequately represent the two divergent derivatives of √man ‘think, bring to mind’, manótar- and manīṣī́. The latter, by itself, means ‘possessing inspired thought, inspired thinker’. The former, a rarer derivative, means, in my view, someone who pays mental attention, a ‘minder’. See comm. ad II.9.4. I would emend the tr. here to “the minder, the foremost inspired thinker with his insight.” The point here, I think, is that Soma not only has inspired thoughts of his own but pays attention to those of the human celebrants.

The ten sisters are, as usual, the fingers of the officiant.

As for a chariot-race, the skilful Speaker, Chief, Sage, Inventor, hath, with song, been started.
The sisters ten upon the fleecy summit drive on the Car-horse to the resting places.

Galoppierend ist er losgesprengt wie in einem Wagenrennen, mit Verständnis nachdenkend, der erste Denker. Die zehn Schwestern treiben das Zugtier auf dem Schafrücken zu seinen Sitzen.

Es eilt der Tummler wie beim Wagenrennen, mit Kunst der weise, erste Liederfinder; Zehn Schwestern treiben auf der Wolle Gipfel das Wagenross heran zu seinen Sitzen.

Он выпущен, скачущий, как на состязании колесниц,
Первый хранитель мудрости, сочиняющий с (большим) искусством,
Десять сестер на спине (сита) из овечьей шерсти
Погоняют упряжного коня к (его) сиденьям.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मनीषी) जो परमात्मपरायण पुरुष हैं और (प्रथमः) गुणों में श्रेष्ठ होने से मुख्य हैं, (मनोता) जो सर्वप्रिय हैं, वे (धिया) अपनी बुद्धि से (आजौ) आध्यात्मिक यज्ञ में ज्ञान की आहुति प्रदान करें। (यथा) जैसे (रथ्ये) कर्म्मरूपी यज्ञ में (वक्का) वक्ता पुरुष वाणीरूपी कर्म्म को (असर्जि) करता है। (अव्ये, अधि, सानौ) सर्वरक्षक परमात्मरूप यज्ञकुण्ड में (दश स्वसारः) दश प्राणों को (अधि) उक्त यज्ञ के विषय में (अजन्ति) डालते हैं। जिस प्रकार (सदनानि) सुन्दर वेदियों के (अच्छ) प्रति (वह्निं) वह्नि को लक्ष्य बनाकर हवन किया जाता है, इस प्रकार आध्यात्मिक यज्ञ में परमात्मा को वह्निस्थानीय बनाकर हवन किया जाता है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में प्राणायाम का वर्णन किया है। जो लोग भली-भाँति प्राणायाम करते हैं, वे आध्यात्मिक यज्ञ करते हैं ॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मनीषी)यो हि मनुष्यः परमात्मपरायणः किञ्च गुणेषु प्रशस्ततया (प्रथमः) मुख्योऽस्ति, (मनोता) यश्च सर्वप्रियः स (धिया) स्वकीयया बुद्ध्या (आजौ) आध्यात्मिके यज्ञे ज्ञानाहुतिं प्रदद्यात् (यथा) यथा (रथ्ये) कर्मरूपे यज्ञे (वक्का) वक्ता पुरुषो वाणीरूपकर्म (असर्जि) विदधाति, (अव्ये, अधि, सानौ) सर्वरक्षकपरमात्मरूपे यज्ञकुण्डे (दश, स्वसारः) दश प्राणाः (अधि अजन्ति) प्राणायामरूपयज्ञं कुर्वन्ति॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

वीती꣡ ज꣡नस्य दिविय꣡स्य कव्यइ꣡र्
अ꣡धि स्वानो꣡° नहुषि꣡येभिर् इ꣡न्दुः
प्र꣡ यो꣡ नृ꣡भिर् अमृ꣡तो म꣡र्तियेभिर्
मर्मृजानो꣡ अ꣡विभिर् गो꣡भिर् अद्भिः꣡

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
divyásya ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

jánasya ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

kavyaíḥ ← kavyá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

vītī́ ← vītí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)
{}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

nahuṣyèbhiḥ ← nahuṣyà- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

suvānáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

amŕ̥taḥ ← amŕ̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mártyebhiḥ ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

nŕ̥bhiḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

adbhíḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ávibhiḥ ← ávi- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

góbhiḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

marmr̥jānáḥ ← √mr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

वी॒ती । जन॑स्य । दि॒व्यस्य॑ । क॒व्यैः । अधि॑ । सु॒वा॒नः । न॒हु॒ष्ये॑भिः । इन्दुः॑ ।
प्र । यः । नृऽभिः॑ । अ॒मृतः॑ । मर्त्ये॑भिः । म॒र्मृ॒जा॒नः । अवि॑ऽभिः । गोभिः॑ । अ॒त्ऽभिः ॥

• vītī ← vīti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine

• janasya ← jana
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• divyasya ← divya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• kavyair ← kavyaiḥ ← kavya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “wise.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• suvāno ← suvānaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• nahuṣyebhir ← nahuṣyebhiḥ ← nahuṣya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• nṛbhir ← nṛbhiḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• amṛto ← amṛtaḥ ← amṛta
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

• martyebhir ← martyebhiḥ ← martya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “mortal.”

• marmṛjāno ← marmṛjānaḥ ← marmṛj ← √mṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “groom; wash; rub.”

• ‘vibhir ← avibhiḥ ← avi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “sheep; avi [word]; menstruating woman; ewe.”

• gobhir ← gobhiḥ ← go
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• adbhiḥ ← ap
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

कव्यैः साधुभिः स्तोतृभिः नहुष्येभिः मनुष्यैः सुवानः अभिषूयमाणः इन्दुः सोमः दिव्यस्य दिवि भवस्य जनस्य देवगणस्य वीती। ‘सुपां सुलुक्’ इति चतुर्थ्याः पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घः । सोमभक्षणार्थं यज्ञम् अधि गच्छति । किंच अमृतः मरणधर्मरहितः यः सोमः नृभिः कर्मनेतृभिः मर्त्येभिः मर्त्यैः अविभिः अविमयैः पवित्रैस्तथा गोभिः अनडुहैरधिषवणचर्मभिः यद्वा गोविकारैः क्षीरादिभिः अद्भिः वसतीवर्यादिभिरुदकैश्च मर्मृजानः भृशं शोध्यमानः सन् यज्ञं प्रति गच्छति । उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः ॥

English translation:

“The Soma juice effused by pious mortals (comes) down (to the sacrifice) for the food of the celestial people; which immortal (beverage) is purified by mortal (priests) with the filter, the curds and milk and the waters.”

In pursuit of the heavenly race, the drop is being pressed on (it [=fleece]) by the poets, the sons of Nahus,
the drop that is constantly being groomed (to go) forth by men—by
mortals as the immortal—by the sheep, the cows, and the waters.

The main clause of this vs., pādas ab, contains a predicated aor. part., svānáḥ, while the rel. cl., pādas cd, may contain a predicated intens. part., marmṛjānáḥ. However, given the prá opening c, it’s quite possible that we should supply a verb of motion “(go) forth” as the main verb, with the part. simply a modifier (“the drop [goes] forth, being groomed …”). Howvever, I prefer the published

tr., which does supply ‘go’ but as an oblique expression of purpose. Alternatively prá may actually belong with the part. marmṛjānáḥ, as Grassmann takes it - though there’s only one other possible ex. of prá √mṛj that I know of, at X.96.9.

On nahuṣyà- see also IX.88.2.

The drop of Soma, pressed by wise Nahusyas, becomes the banquet of the Heavenly People-
Indu, by hands of mortal men made beauteous, immortal, with the sheep and cows and waters.

Zur Einladung des himmlischen Volkes ist der Saft von den dichterischen Nahussöhnen ausgepreßt, der Unsterbliche, der von den sterblichen Männern mittels Schafwolle, Kuhmilch und Wasser aufgeputzt hervorkommt.

Gepresst zum Mahl des himmlischen Geschlechtes ist Indu von der Menschen Priesterscharen, Unsterblich er, von Sterblichen gereinigt durch Widderwolle, Milch und Wasserfluten.

Для приглашения божественного рода выжат
Кавьями (и) потомками Нахуша сок сомы,
Который мощно начищается мужами, бессмертный смертными,
С помощью (цедилок) из овечьей шерсти, струй молока, вод.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अद्भिः) कर्म्मों के द्वारा “अप इति कर्म्मनामसु पठितम्” निघण्टौ ।२।१ (गोभिः) ज्ञान के द्वारा (अविभिः) रक्षा से (मर्मृजानः) जिसका संशोधन किया गया है, ऐसा यज्ञ (मर्त्येभिर्नृभिः)मनुष्यों से किया हुआ (अमृतः) अमृत होता है। जो यज्ञ (दिव्यस्य जनस्य) ज्ञानी पुरुष के (कव्यैः) हवनों के द्वारा (अधिसुवानः) उत्पन्न हुआ (इन्दुः) दीप्तिवाला होता है और (वीती) देवमार्ग के लिये होता है और यह उक्त यज्ञ (नहुष्येभिः) मनुष्यों के द्वारा किया हुआ उत्तम फलवाला होता है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग सत्कर्मों के द्वारा कर्मयज्ञ का सम्पादन करते हैं, वे उत्तम सुख के भागी होते हैं ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अद्भिः) कर्मभिः “अप इति कर्मनामसु पठितम्” नि०।२।१। (गोभिः) ज्ञानद्वारा (अविभिः) रक्षया (मर्मृजानः) संशोध्यमान एवम्भूतः (मर्त्येभिः, नृभिः) मनुष्यैः क्रियमाणः (अमृतः) अमृतरूपो भवति, यो यज्ञः (दिव्यस्य, जनस्य) ज्ञानिनः पुरुषस्य (कव्यैः) हवनैः (अधि, सुवानः) प्रादुर्भूतः सन् (इन्दुः) दीप्तिशाली भवति, किञ्च (वीती) देवमार्गाय भवति, यश्चोक्तयज्ञः स (नहुष्येभिः) मानवैर्विधीयमानः शोभनफलवान् भवति॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

वृ꣡षा वृ꣡ष्णे रो꣡रुवद् अंशु꣡र् अस्मै
प꣡वमानो रु꣡शद् ईर्ते प꣡यो गोः꣡
सह꣡स्रम् ऋ꣡क्वा पथि꣡भिर् वचोवि꣡द्
अध्वस्म꣡भिः सू꣡रो अ꣡ण्वं वि꣡ याति

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aṁśúḥ ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asmai ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

róruvat ← √rū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣṇe ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

góḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

īrte ← √r̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

rúśat ← rúśant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pathíbhiḥ ← pánthā- ~ path- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ŕ̥kvā ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sahásram ← sahásra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vacovít ← vacovíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

adhvasmábhiḥ ← adhvasmán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

áṇvam ← áṇva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sū́raḥ ← sū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

yāti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

वृषा॑ । वृष्णे॑ । रोरु॑वत् । अं॒शुः । अ॒स्मै॒ । पव॑मानः । रुश॑त् । ई॒र्ते॒ । पयः॑ । गोः ।
स॒हस्र॑म् । ऋक्वा॑ । प॒थिऽभिः॑ । व॒चः॒ऽवित् । अ॒ध्व॒स्मऽभिः॑ । सूरः॑ । अण्व॑म् । वि । या॒ति॒ ॥

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣṇe ← vṛṣan
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• roruvad ← roruvat ← roro ← √ru
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “bellow.”

• aṃśur ← aṃśuḥ ← aṃśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• asmai ← idam
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• pavamāno ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ruśad ← ruśat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “white; bright; bright.”

• īrte ← īr
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go.”

• payo ← payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• goḥ ← go
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• sahasram ← sahasra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• ṛkvā ← ṛkvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “singing.”

• pathibhir ← pathibhiḥ ← pathin
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”

• vacovid ← vacaḥ ← vacas
• [noun], neuter
• “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

• vacovid ← vid
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “conversant(p); aware(p); enlightened; understanding.”

• adhvasmabhiḥ ← adhvasman
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “immaculate.”

• sūro ← sūraḥ ← sūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun.”

• aṇvaṃ ← aṇvam ← aṇva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• yāti ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

वृषा कामानां वर्षको वृषेवाचरन् वा रोरुवत् भृशं शब्दायमानः अंशुः सोमः पवमानः पूयमानः सन् अस्मै वृष्णे वर्षकायेन्द्राय तदर्थं रुशत् । रोचतेरिदं रूपम् । आरोचमानं श्वेतं गोः पयः आश्रयणद्रव्यम् ईर्ते गच्छति । ‘ ईर गतौ । आदादिकः । किंच ऋक्वा । ‘छन्दसीवनिपौ’ इति मत्वर्थीयो वनिप् । स्तोत्रवानत एव वचोवित् स्तुतीनां ज्ञाता सूरः सुवीर्यः सर्वेषामग्निष्टोमादिकर्मणि प्रेरकः सोमः अध्वस्मभिः ध्वंसनवर्जितैर्हिंसारहितैः सहस्रं पथिभिः बहुभिर्मार्गैः अण्वं सूक्ष्मच्छिद्रं पवित्रं वि याति । अतीत्य द्रोणकलशं गच्छति ॥

English translation:

“The Soma juice the showerer (of benefits) roaring to the showerer (Indra) goes when being purified to (mix with) the glistening milk of the cow; greeted with laudation, cognizant of sacred praise, the hero passes through the filter by a thousand imperishable paths.”

The bull roaring over and over to the bull [=Indra], the plant, purifying itself for him, moves toward the gleaming white milk of the cow.
A versifier who knows speech, the sun travels widely across the fine
(fleece) by a thousand unbesmirched paths.

Both Geldner and Renou take īrte as transitive (‘set in motion’, e.g., “… met en branle … le blanc lait”), but this medial stem is standardly intrans., and the milk here can be, as so often in IX, the goal of Soma’s motion.

In c vaco-víd- could of course also mean ‘who finds speech’. See Scarlatta (487), who allows both senses for the stem and tr. the occurrence here as “der die Reden findet.” In this ritual context there is little difference between ‘knowing speech’ and ‘finding speech’.

Pāda d cannot be separated from IX.10.5 sū́rā áṇvaṃ ví tanvate “the suns stretch out across the fine (fleece).”

Steer roaring unto Steer, this Pavamana, this juice runs to the white milk of the milch-cow.
Through thousand fine hairs goes the tuneful Singer, like Sura by his fair and open pathways.

Der brüllende Bulle, der Stengel, treibt für ihn, den Bullen, sich läuternd die weiße Kuhmilch heraus. Auf tausend staublosen Wegen geht der in Versen Redende, Wortkundige als Sonne durch die Seihe.

Der Stier dem Stier zubrüllend, ihm der Rauschtrank, dringt flammend, leuchtend er zur Milch der Kuh hin, Auf unbestäubten Pfaden geht er jubelnd der Lieder kundig durch das Sieb als Sonne.

Бык, громко ревя быку, стебель (сомы) – этому (Индре),
Павамана приводит в движение белое молоко коровы.
Тысячей дорог, лишенных пыли, расходится (в разные стороны)
Сопровождаемый гимнами знаток речи, (как) солнце (по воздуху) сквозь сито.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृषा) कामनाओं की वृष्टि करनेवाला परमात्मा (वृष्णे) कर्म्मयोगी के लिये (रोरुवद्) अत्यन्त शब्द करता हुआ (अस्मै) इस कर्म्मयोगी के लिये (अंशुः) सर्वव्यापक और (पवमानः) सबको पवित्र करने के लिये परमात्मा (रुशत्) दीप्ति देता हुआ (गोः) इन्द्रियों के (पयः) सारभूत ज्ञान को (ईर्ते) प्राप्त होता है। जिससे (सहस्रं ऋक्वा) अनन्त प्रकार की वाणियों का वक्ता (वचोवित्) वाणियों का ज्ञाता (पथिभिः) वाणियों की रास्ते से जो (अध्वस्मभिः) हिंसारहित है, उनसे (सूरः) विज्ञानी (अण्वं) सूक्ष्म पदार्थों के तत्त्व को (वियाति) प्राप्त होता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग वेदवाणियों का अभ्यास करते हैं, वे सूक्ष्म से सूक्ष्म पदार्थों को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृषा) कामनां वर्षुकः परमात्मा (वृष्णे) कर्मयोगिने (रोरुवत्) अतितरां शब्दायमानः (अस्मै) अस्मै कर्मयोगिने (अंशुः) सर्वव्यापकः अपि च (पवमानः) सर्वपावकः परमात्मा (रुशत्) दीप्तिं ददत् (गोः) इन्द्रियाणां (पयः) सारभूतज्ञानं (ईर्ते) प्राप्नोति येन (सहस्रं, ऋक्वा) बहुविधानां वाणीनां वक्ता (वचोवित्) वाणीनाञ्ज्ञाता (पथिभिः) वाणीनां मार्गैः, ये खलु (अध्वस्मभिः) हिंसारहितास्तैः (सूरः) विज्ञानी (अण्वं) सूक्ष्मपदार्थानां तत्त्वं (वि, याति) प्राप्नोति॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

रुजा꣡ दॄळ्हा꣡+ चिद् रक्ष꣡सः स꣡दांसि
पुनान꣡ इन्द ऊर्णुहि वि꣡ वा꣡जान्
वृश्चो꣡प꣡रिष्टात् तुजता꣡ वधे꣡न
ये꣡ अ꣡न्ति दूरा꣡द् उपनाय꣡म् एषाम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
cit ← cit (invariable)
{}

dr̥ḷhā́ ← √dr̥h- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

rakṣásaḥ ← rakṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

rujá ← √ruj- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sádāṁsi ← sádas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ūrṇuhi ← √vr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vā́jān ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

tujatā́ ← √tuj- (root)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

upáriṣṭāt ← upáriṣṭāt (invariable)
{}

vadhéna ← vadhá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ścá ← √vr̥śc- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ánti ← ánti (invariable)
{}

dūrā́t ← dūrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

upanāyám ← upanāyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)
{}

रु॒ज । दृ॒ळ्हा । चि॒त् । र॒क्षसः॑ । सदां॑सि । पु॒ना॒नः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । ऊ॒र्णु॒हि॒ । वि । वाजा॑न् ।
वृ॒श्च । उ॒परि॑ष्टात् । तु॒ज॒ता । व॒धेन॑ । ये । अन्ति॑ । दू॒रात् । उ॒प॒ऽना॒यम् । ए॒षा॒म् ॥

• rujā ← ruja ← ruj
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “break; bend.”

• dṛﾱhā ← dṛḍha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• rakṣasaḥ ← rakṣas
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Rākṣasa.”

• sadāṃsi ← sadas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “mansion; assembly; seat; seat.”

• punāna ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• inda ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• ūrṇuhi ← vṛ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• vājān ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vṛścopariṣṭāt ← vṛśca ← vraśc
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “cleave; fell; cut off; hew.”

• vṛścopariṣṭāt ← upariṣṭāt
• [adverb]
• “above; upariṣṭāt [word]; below.”

• tujatā ← tuj
• [verb noun], instrumental, singular
• “draw.”

• vadhena ← vadha
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “killing; weapon; māraṇa; execution; destruction; vadh-; Vadha; dysfunction; punishment; kick.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• anti
• [adverb]

• dūrād ← dūrāt
• [adverb]
• “far.”

• upanāyam ← upanāya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

हे सोम दृळ्हा चित् दृढान्यपि परैरगन्तव्यत्वेन रक्षसः राक्षसस्य सदांसि स्थानानि पुराणि रुज विनाशय । रुजो भङ्गे’ तौदादिकः । किंच हे इन्दो पवमान पुनानः पवित्रादिभिः पूयमानस्त्वं वाजान् तस्यान्नानि तस्य बलानि वा ऊर्णुहि आच्छादय । आहरेत्यर्थः । तथा ये राक्षसाः उपरिष्टात् ऊर्ध्वदेशादागच्छन्ति ये वा अन्ति अन्तिके समीप आगच्छन्ति ये च दूरात् दूरदेशाद्वागच्छन्ति तेषां राक्षसानाम् उपनायम् उपनेतारं स्वामिनं तुजता । तुजतिर्हिंसाकर्मा । हिंसकेन वधेन हननसाधनेनायुधेन त्वं वृश्च छिन्धि । ’ ओव्रश्चू छेदने’ तौदादिकः ॥

English translation:

“Demolish the strong dwellings of the rākṣasa; Indu, when purified put on his strength; cut to pieces with your destructive weapon (the rākṣasas) who come from above, from nigh, or from afar and their leader.”

Shatter even the entrenched seats of the demon. While being purified, o drop, uncover the prizes of victory.
Hew down from above with your thrusting weapon the one who led here from afar those (enemies) who are (now) nearby.

The syntax of the 2nd hemistich, esp. pāda d, is clotted and has been variously interpreted. Geldner takes the problematic upanāyám as obj. of vṛścá (as I do), but considers the referents of yé … eṣām to be the vā́jān of b: “… der sie sich holt, mögen sie nah (oder) fern sein.” Sāyaṇa.’s interpr. (see also Geldner’s n. 4d) seems a more sensible version of Geldner’s: he glosses upanāyám as ‘master’ (svāminam) and takes the plurals to refer to demons. Renou seems to make upanāyám an appositive or parallel to the pl. yé … eṣām, which he (semi-)configures as the obj.: “Fends … (les démons) qui sont près (ou) loin, le chef de ces (démons).” All of them take ánti durā́t as a constituent, “near (or) far.” But the contrastive expression “near (or) far” generally matches cases (or adverbial equivalents thereof): ablatival ántitaḥ (…) dūrā́t (II.27.13, etc.) or locatival ánti dūré (I.79.11, etc.; see esp. IX.19.7 dūré vā sató ánti vā, IX.67.21 yád ánti yác ca dūraké). Our passage, by contrast, has locatival ánti and abl. durā́t, and I therefore separate them and assign them to different syntactic units.

I take yé ánti as a minimalist rel. cl. “who (are) near,” while durā́t is construed with upanāyám. I take the latter as meaning ‘leader’, like simplex nāyá- (2x: VI.24.10, 46.11), and the whole sequence durā́d upanāyám eṣām to mean lit. “leader of those from afar” (rendered in English as a rel. cl. “… the one who lead …” for the sake of intelligibility). Cf. for directional durā́t with √nī VII.33.2 dūrā́d índram anayann ā́ … “From a distance they led Indra here.” In other words, I interpret upanāyám as the obj. of the impv. vṛścá at the beginning of c, and it is preceded by a brief nominal rel. cl. yé ánti, whose referent in the main cl. is eṣām. Nominal rel. clauses seem to be exempt from the prohibition on embedding that is evident for full relative clauses.

It may be so positioned to allow ánti to be adjacent to durā́t though belonging to different clauses.

Lowe (Part. 289) claims that tujánt- is a Caland adj. meaning ‘eager’ rather than a participle ‘thrusting’, but the passages, esp. this one and I.61.6 (with two exx.), favor a more dynamic rendering, and in particular tujatā́vadhéna “with your thrusting weapon” recalls IX.57.2 tuñjāná ā́yudhā “brandishing his weapons,” with an undoubted participle. I don’t actually see what is gained by reclassifying these forms as Caland adjectives.

Break down the, strong seats even of the demons: cleansing thee, Indu, robd thyself in vigour.
Rend with thy swift bolt, coming from above them, those who are near and those who yet are distant.

Zerbrich auch die festen Sitze des Unholds; dich läuternd schließe die Gewinne auf, o Saft! Spalte von oben mit wuchtender Waffe den, der sie sich holt, mögen sie nah oder fern sein.

Zerbrich auch der Gespenster feste Sitze, eröffne Güter, Indu, hell erstrahlend; Von oben her zerspalt mit schnellem Hiebe der Feinde Führer in der Näh und Ferne.

Раскали сиденья ракшасов, даже (если они) тверды!
Очищаясь, о сок, открой награды!
Сверху раскрои брошенным смертельным оружием
(Демонов,) что вблизи (и что пришли) издалека, их предводителя!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - और वह कर्म्मयोगी (रक्षसः) राक्षसों की (दृळ्हा सदांसि) दृढ़ सभाओं को (चित्) भी (रुजा) अपनी नाशक शक्ति से नष्ट कर देता है और (विवाजान्) न्यायकारी बलयुक्त पुरुषों की शक्तियों को (इन्दो) हे प्रकाशमान परमात्मन् ! तुम (ऊर्णुहि) आच्छादन करो और (उपरिष्टात्) जो ऊपर की ओर से आते हैं अथवा (दूरात्) दूर देश से जो आते हैं, (एषां) इन राक्षसों के (उपनायं) स्वामी को (तुजता वधेन) तीक्ष्ण वध से नाश करो॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष शम-दमादि साधनसम्पन्न होकर परमात्मपरायण होते हैं, परमात्मा उनके सब विघ्नों को दूर करता है और उनके विघ्नकारी राक्षसों का दमन करके उनके मार्ग को सुगम करता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - अपि च स कर्मयोगी (रक्षसः) राक्षसानां (दृळ्हा, सदांसि) दृढसमितीः (चित्) अपि (रुजा) आत्मीयनाशकशक्त्या विनाशयति, अपि च (विवाजान्) न्यायकारिणां बलशालिनां पुरुषाणां शक्तीः (इन्दो) हे प्रकाशस्वरूपपरमात्मन् ! त्वं (ऊर्णुहि) आच्छादय, किञ्च (उपरिष्टात्) उपरिष्टात् (ये, दूरात्) दूरदेशाद्वागच्छन्ति (एषां) एषां राक्षसानां (उपनायं) स्वामिनं (तुजता, वधेन) तीक्ष्णेन शस्त्रेण विनाशय॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स꣡ प्रत्नव꣡न् न꣡व्यसे विश्ववार
सुउक्ता꣡य पथः꣡ कृणुहि प्रा꣡चः
ये꣡ दुःष꣡हासो वनु꣡षा बृह꣡न्तस्
तां꣡स् ते अश्याम पुरुकृत् पुरुक्षो

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
návyase ← návyas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

pratnavát ← pratnavát (invariable)
{}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvavāra ← viśvávāra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇuhi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

patháḥ ← pánthā- ~ path- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

prā́caḥ ← prā́ñc- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sūktā́ya ← sūktá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

br̥hántaḥ ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

duḥṣáhāsaḥ ← duḥṣáhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vanúṣā ← vanús- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

aśyāma ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

purukr̥t ← purukŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

purukṣo ← purukṣú- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tā́n ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

सः । प्र॒त्न॒ऽवत् । नव्य॑से । वि॒श्व॒ऽवा॒र॒ । सु॒ऽउ॒क्ताय॑ । प॒थः । कृ॒णु॒हि॒ । प्राचः॑ ।
ये । दुः॒ऽसहा॑सः । व॒नुषा॑ । बृ॒हन्तः॑ । तान् । ते॒ । अ॒श्या॒म॒ । पु॒रु॒ऽकृ॒त् । पु॒रु॒क्षो॒ इति॑ पुरुऽक्षो ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• pratnavan ← pratna
• [noun]
• “age-old; pratna [word].”

• pratnavan ← vat
• [adverb]
• “equally; like.”

• navyase ← navyas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “new.”

• viśvavāra ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvavāra ← vāra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “treasure; choice.”

• sūktāya ← sūkta
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “Mantra; hymn.”

• pathaḥ ← pathin
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”

• kṛṇuhi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• prācaḥ ← prāñc
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “eastern; aforesaid(a); former(a); eastbound; easterly; anterior; forward; prāñc [word].”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• duḥṣahāso ← duḥṣahāsaḥ ← duḥṣaha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• vanuṣā ← vanus
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “unfriendly; competing(a).”

• bṛhantas ← bṛhantaḥ ← bṛhat
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• tāṃs ← tān ← tad
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• aśyāma ← aś
• [verb], plural, Aorist optative
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

• purukṛt ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• purukṛt ← kṛt
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “causing; making; performing; promotive; producing; doing; acting; writing; transforming; effecting.”

• purukṣo ← purukṣu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

हे विश्ववार विश्वैः सर्वैर्वरणीय हे सोम सः तादृशस्त्वं प्रत्नवत् पुराण इव स्थितस्त्वं नव्यसे नवीयसे नवतराय । नवशब्दादीयसुनीकारलोपश्छान्दसः । तस्मै सूक्ताय शोभनस्तुतिकाय मह्यं पथः मार्गान् प्राचः प्राचीनान् कृणुहि कुरु। सर्वत्र गमनं प्रयच्छेत्यर्थः । ‘ कृवि हिंसाकरणयोः’। ’ धिन्विकृण्व्योरञ्च’ इत्युप्रत्ययः । हे पुरुकृत् बहुकर्मन् हे पुरुक्षो । ’ टुक्षु शब्दे’। मितद्र्वादित्वाड्डुप्रत्ययः (पा. सू. ३. ३.१८०.१ )। बहुविधं शब्दायमान हे सोम दुःसहासः रक्षोभिः सोढुमशक्याः अत एव वनुषा । वनतिर्हिंसार्थः। हिंसया युक्ताः बृहन्तः महान्तः ये त्वदीया अंशाः सन्ति तांस्ते तव स्वभूतानंशान् वयं यज्ञे अश्याम प्राप्नुयाम

English translation:

“Adorable (Soma), do you as of old grant the ancient paths to your new worshipper; doer of many acts, utterer of many sounds, may we obtain those (portions) of you which are difficult to defeat, inflicting injury (on foes) and mighty.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Adorable: viśvavāra, who is worthy to be chosen by all

As of old, make forward-facing paths for our newer hymn, o you who grant all wishes.
Lofty (riches?), which are hard to capture by the covetous—might we attain them from you, o you who do many things and have many
cattle.

It is not entirely clear what to supply as the referent for the rel. in c; Renou ‘les succès,” Geldner the vā̋jān from 4b. Pāda c closely resembles IX.63.11 yó dūṇā́śo vanuṣyatā́“which is difficult to attain by one who craves it,” with instr. vanuṣyatā́ matching our vanúṣā and a different lexicalization of the ‘difficult to obtain’ (duṣ- √naś/sah) compd. The referent in that passage is rayí- ‘wealth’, and note also the cmpd brhád ̥ -rayi- (only 1x) and the regular use of bṛhánt- as a modifier of rayí- (e.g., nearby IX.97.21). I therefore supply a pl. form of rayí-, though Geldner’s vā́jawould also work.

Prepare the forward paths in ancient manner for the new bymn, thou Giver of all bounties.
Those which are high and hard for foes to conquer may we gain from thee, Active! Food-bestower!

Mache du wie vormals der neuesten wohlgesetzten Rede die Pfade bereit, du Allbegehrter! Die hohen Gewinne, die dem Neider unerträglich sind, die möchten wir von dir erlangen, du Vielwirkender, Viehreicher.

So bahne du nach alter Art dem neuen Gesang die Wege vor uns, güterreicher! Die unbezwinglich für den Feind und stark sind, die lass uns finden, reich an That und Gut du.

Как прежде, приготовь пути для новой
Прекрасно сказанной (речи), о обладатель всего желанного!
Те великие непереносимые для завистника (успехи) –
Мы хотели бы их у тебя достигнуть, о многодействующий, у кого много скота!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्ववार) हे विश्ववरणीय परमात्मन् ! (सः प्रत्नवत्) आप प्राचीन हैं। (नव्यसे) हमको नूतन जन्म देने के लिये हमारे लिये (प्राचः, पथः) प्राचीन रास्तों को (सूक्ताय कृणुहि) सरल कीजिये। (पुरुकृत्) हे बहुत कर्म्म करनेवाले ! (पुरुक्षाः) हे शब्दब्रह्म के उत्पादक परमात्मन् ! (ये दुःसहासः) जो राक्षसों के सहने योग्य नहीं (वनुषा) और जो हिंसारूप हैं (बृहन्तः) बड़े हैं, (तान्) उन (ते) तुम्हारे स्वभावों को यज्ञ में (अश्याम) हम प्राप्त हों॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के स्वभाव अर्थात् परमात्मा के सत्यादि धर्मों को राक्षस लोग धारण नहीं कर सकते। उनको केवल दैवी सम्पत्तिवाले ही धारण कर सकते हैं, अन्य नहीं। इस मन्त्र में देवभाव के दिव्यगुणों का और राक्षसों के दुर्गुणों का वर्णन है ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्ववार) हे विश्ववरणीय परमात्मन् ! (सः, प्रत्नवत्) पुरातनस्त्वं (नव्यसे) अस्मन्नवीनजन्मने (प्राचः, पथः) प्राचीनान्मार्गान् (सूक्ताय, कृणुहि) सरलान्विधेहि, किञ्च (पुरुकृत्) हे बहुकर्मकारिन् ! (पुरुक्षाः) हे शब्दब्रह्मजनकपरमात्मन् ! ये तव स्वभावाः (ये, दुःसहासः) राक्षसैरसोढव्याः पुनश्च (वनुषा) हिंसास्वरूपाः पुनः कीदृशाः ! (बृहन्तः) महान्तः तान् (ते) पूर्वोक्तास्ते स्वभावान् वयं (अश्याम) प्राप्नुयाम॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

एवा꣡ पुनानो꣡ अपः꣡ सु꣡वर् गा꣡
अस्म꣡भ्यं तोका꣡ त꣡नयानि भू꣡रि
शं꣡ नः क्षे꣡त्रम् उरु꣡ ज्यो꣡तींषि सोम
जियो꣡ङ् नः सू꣡र्यं दृश꣡ये रिरीहि

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

evá ← evá (invariable)
{}

gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

asmábhyam ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

bhū́ri ← bhū́ri- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

tánayāni ← tánaya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

tokā́ ← toká- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

jyótīṁṣi ← jyótis- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

kṣétram ← kṣétra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

śám ← śám (invariable)
{}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

urú ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

dr̥śáye ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

jyók ← jyók (invariable)
{}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

rirīhi ← √rā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sū́ryam ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ए॒व । पु॒ना॒नः । अ॒पः । स्वः॑ । गाः । अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् । तो॒का । तन॑यानि । भूरि॑ ।
शम् । नः॒ । क्षेत्र॑म् । उ॒रु । ज्योतीं॑षि । सो॒म॒ । ज्योक् । नः॒ । सूर्य॑म् । दृ॒शये॑ । रि॒री॒हि॒ ॥

• evā ← eva
• [adverb]
• “indeed; merely; thus; even; surely; same; eva [word]; successively; immediately; in truth.”

• punāno ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• apaḥ ← ap
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• gā ← gāḥ ← go
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• asmabhyaṃ ← asmabhyam ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• tokā ← toka
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “offspring.”

• tanayāni ← tanaya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “biological.”

• bhūri
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “much; many; much(a); abundant; rich; mighty; distinguished.”

• śaṃ ← śam
• [adverb]
• “śam [word].”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• kṣetram ← kṣetra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “field; location; habitat; country; area; earth; region; estate; body; kṣetra [word]; kṣetradoṣa; seat; reincarnation; uterus.”

• uru
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• jyotīṃṣi ← jyotis
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• jyoṅ ← jyok
• [adverb]
• “long.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• sūryaṃ ← sūryam ← sūrya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• dṛśaye ← dṛś
• [verb noun]
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

• rirīhi ← rā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “give; impart.”

हे सोम एव एवं पुनानः पूयमानः पवित्रादिभिः अस्मभ्यं रिरीहि प्रापय प्रयच्छ । किं तत्। अपः । अप इत्यन्तरिक्षनाम । आप्नोति सर्वमपि । अन्तरिक्षं स्वः स्वर्गं द्युलोकं गाः । सर्वैर्गम्यतेऽत्रेति गावः पृथिव्यः । ताः पृथिवीश्च भूरि । ’ सुपां सुलुक्’ इति द्वितीयाया लुक् । बहून् तोका पुत्रान् तनयानि । तन्वन्ति कुलमिति तनयाः पौत्राः । तांश्च तथा नः अस्मभ्यं क्षेत्रं शं सुखकरं कुरु । हे सोम ज्योतींषि नक्षत्राणि उरु उरूणि अन्तरिक्षे विस्तीर्णानि कुरु । तथा नः अस्मभ्यं सूर्यम् आदित्यं ज्योक् । चिरनामैतत् । चिरकालं दृशये द्रष्टुं कुरु ॥ ॥ १ ॥

English translation:

“Thus, being purified, bestow upon us the firmament and heaven and earth and many sons and grandsons;make our land prosper, diffuse the luminaries widely (in the firmament) and grant us long life to see the sun.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Diffuse the luminaries widely: uru = urūṇi related to jyotiṃṣi

Becoming purified in just this way, (grant) waters, the sun, and cattle to us, and ample progeny and posterity,
luck, broad dominion, and lights to us, o Soma—grant that we may see the sun for a long time.

So purifying thee vouchsafe us waters, heaven’s light, and cows, offipring and many children.
Give us health, ample land, and lights, O Soma, and grant us long to look upon the sunshine.

Also dich läuternd schenke uns Wasser, Sonnenlicht, Kühe, viele leibliche Kinder; schenke uns Glück, weite Flur, Lebenslicht, o Soma, laß uns noch lange die Sonne sehen!

So schenke du, hell leuchtender, uns Wasser, uns Glanz und Kühe, Kinder viel und Enkel, Uns weites Feld, uns Segen, hellen Lichtschein, dass lange wir die Sonne sehn, o Soma!

Так очищаясь, дай нам воды, солнце,
Коров, много детей и внуков!
Подари нам на счастье широкое поле, светила, о сома,
Чтобы мы долго видели солнце!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन्। (एव पुनानः) इस प्रकार पवित्र करते हुए आप (अपः) अन्तरिक्षलोक (स्वः) स्वर्गलोग और (गाः) पृथिवीलोक (अस्मभ्यं) हमारे लिये दें। (तोका) पुत्र और (तनयानि) पौत्र (भूरि) बहुत से प्रदान करें और (नः) हमारे लिये (शं) कल्याण हो (उरुक्षेत्रं) और विस्तृत क्षेत्र हों। (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (उरु ज्योतींषी) बहुत सी ज्योतियें (नः) हमारे लिये हों और (ज्योक्) चिरकाल तक (सूर्य्यं दृशये) इस तेजोमय सूर्य्य के देखने के लिये (रिरीहि) सामर्थ्ययुक्त बनायें॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग ईश्वर की आज्ञा का पालन करते हैं, परमात्मा उनके लिये सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य्य प्रदान करता है॥६॥ यह ९१ वाँ सूक्त और पहला वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (एव, पुनानः) अनेन प्रकारेण पवित्रयँस्त्वं (अपः) अन्तरिक्षं (स्वः) स्वर्गलोकं (गाः) पृथिवीलोकञ्च (अस्मभ्यं) अस्मभ्यं देहि (तोका) पुत्रान् (भूरि) प्रचुरान् (तनयानि) पौत्रांश्च वितर, किञ्च (नः) अस्मभ्यं (शं) कल्याणं भवेत् (उरु, क्षेत्रं) विस्तृतानि क्षेत्राणि च स्युः (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (उरु, ज्योतींषि) भूयांसि तेजांसि (नः) अस्मदर्थं सन्तु, किञ्च हे परमात्मन्, (ज्योक्) चिरकालपर्य्यन्तं (सूर्यं, दृशये) तेजोमयमिमं सूर्य्यमभिविलोकयितुम् (रिरीहि) अस्मान् सामर्थ्यशालिनः कुरु॥६॥ इत्येकनवतितमं सूक्तं प्रथमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः॥