०८९

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्र꣡ ऊ स्य꣡ व꣡ह्निः पथि꣡याभिर् अस्यान्
दिवो꣡ न꣡ वृष्टिः꣡ प꣡वमानो अक्षाः
सह꣡स्रधारो असदन् नि꣡ अस्मे꣡
मातु꣡र् उप꣡स्थे व꣡न आ꣡ च सो꣡मः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asyān ← √syand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

pathyā̀bhiḥ ← pathyā̀- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

syá ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)
{}

váhniḥ ← váhni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

akṣār ← √kṣar- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vr̥ṣṭíḥ ← vr̥ṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

asadat ← √sad- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

asmé ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

ní ← ní (invariable)
{}

sahásradhāraḥ ← sahásradhāra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

ca ← ca (invariable)
{}

mātúḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

upásthe ← upástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

váne ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

प्रो इति॑ । स्यः । वह्निः॑ । प॒थ्या॑भिः । अ॒स्या॒न् । दि॒वः । न । वृ॒ष्टिः । पव॑मानः । अ॒क्षा॒रिति॑ ।
स॒हस्र॑ऽधारः । अ॒स॒द॒त् । नि । अ॒स्मे इति॑ । मा॒तुः । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । वने॑ । आ । च॒ । सोमः॑ ॥

• pro ← pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pro ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• sya ← tya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “that.”

• vahniḥ ← vahni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”

• pathyābhir ← pathyābhiḥ ← pathyā
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “Terminalia chebula Retz.; path; Pathyā; way.”

• asyān ← syand
• [verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “run.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vṛṣṭiḥ ← vṛṣṭi
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “rain; shower; rainy season.”

• pavamāno ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• akṣāḥ ← akṣār ← kṣar
• [verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “run; melt.”

• sahasradhāro ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasradhāro ← dhāraḥ ← dhārā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• asadan ← asadat ← sad
• [verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
• “sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

• ny ← ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• asme ← mad
• [noun], locative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• mātur ← mātuḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• upasthe ← upastha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”

• vana ← vane ← vana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

प्र ऊ इति निपातद्वयसमुदाय एको निपातितः । प्रो अस्यान् प्रस्यन्दते स्यः सः वह्निः वोढा पथ्याभिः यज्ञमार्गैः । दिवो न वृष्टिः दिवः सकाशात् वृष्टिरिव पवमानः पूयमानः सन् अक्षाः व्याप्नोषि । सोऽयं सोमः सहस्रधारः बहुधारः सन् अस्मे अस्मासु नि असदत् निषीदति ॥

English translation:

“This horse of burden moves forth by the (sacrificial) paths; when purified you flow like the rain from heaven; the thousand-streamed Soma sits down among us on his mother’s lap in the water.”

This draft-horse has streamed forth along the paths. Like the rain from heaven, the self-purifying one has flowed.
Having a thousand streams, he has taken his seat by us, in the lap of his mother, and in the wood: Soma.

The explicitly conjoined loc. phrase mātúr upásthe vána ā́ca “in the lap of the mother and in the wood” is a bit puzzling; the ca implies that the two terms belong to a natural or reasonably comprehensible constructed class. Geldner (n. 1d) suggests that “mother” refers to the earth, that is, (he further specifies) the surface of the ground or the Vedi, while “wood” refers to the wooden cup. The latter is quite likely, but I prefer Geldner’s 2nd suggestion for the former - that “mother” here refers to Aditi. The phrase upásthe áditeḥ is found 3x in IX (26.1, 71.5, 74.5) as well as 2x in X. Although the exact referent is not entirely clear (see JPB, Ādityas 238-41), it obviously refers to something on the ritual ground or to the ritual ground itself. Aditi is of course the archetypal mother, so “of the mother” is an easy substitute “of Aditi” in the phrase. The referent would be more specific that simply “of the earth,” which could cover a lot of ground, as it were. Alternatively, if the mother = earth, this could be a reference to the soma plant growing on the earth, but the ritual setting of the vs. seems too insistent to allow that - though see 2d.

THIS Chariot-horse hath moved along the pathways, and Pavamana flowed like rain from heaven.
With us hath Soma with a thousand currents sunk in the wood, upon his Mother’s bosom.

Dieser Wagenfahrer ist auf seinen Wegen abgefahren; wie des Himmels Regen strömte der Pavamana. Tausendfach ablaufend hat sich Soma bei uns niedergelassen in der Mutter Schoß und im Holze.

Schon floss er her auf seinen Bahnen fahrend, und strömte flammend wie des Himmels Regen, In tausend Strömen liess er hier sich nieder im Schooss der Mutter, in dem Holze, Soma.

Вперед помчался этот возница по дорогам.
Павамана потек, словно дождь с неба.
Сома в тысячу потоков уселся у нас:
В лоне матери и в деревянном сосуде.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब परमात्मा के गुणधारण करने रूपी योग का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वह्निः) वहति प्रापयतीति वह्निः, जो उत्तम गुणों को प्राप्त कराये, उसका नाम यहाँ वह्नि है। परमात्मा (पथ्याभिः) शुभ मार्गों द्वारा (अस्यान्) शुभ स्थानों को प्राप्त कराता है। (प्रो स्यः) वह परमात्मा (दिवः) द्युलोक की (वृष्टिः) वृष्टि के (न) समान (पवमानः) पवित्र करनेवाला है, (अक्षाः) वह सर्वद्रष्टा परमात्मा है, (सहस्रधारः) अनन्त शक्तियों से युक्त है, (अस्मे) हमारे लिये (न्यसदत्) विराजमान होता है। (मातुरुपस्थे) माता की गोद में (च) और (वने) वन में (सोमः) वह परमात्मा (आ) सब जगह पर आकर हमारी रक्षा करता है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार माता की गोद में पुत्र सानन्द विराजमान होता है, इसी प्रकार उपासक लोग उसके अङ्क में विराजमान हैं॥१॥ तात्पर्य यह है कि ईश्वरविश्वासी भक्तों को ईश्वर पर इतना विश्वास होता है कि वे माता के समान उसकी गोद में विराजमान होकर किसी दुःख का अनुभव नहीं करते॥

अथ परमात्मनि तद्द्धर्म्मताप्राप्तियोगो निरूप्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वह्निः) वहति प्रापयतीति वह्निः, य उत्तमगुणानां प्रापकस्तस्येह नाम वह्निरस्ति परमात्मा (पथ्याभिः) शुभमार्गैः (अस्यान्) शुभस्थानानि प्रापयति। (प्रो स्यः) स परमात्मा (दिवः) द्युलोकस्य (वृष्टिः) वर्षणं (न) इव (पवमानः) पावकोऽस्ति। (अक्षाः) स सर्वान् पश्यति। परमात्मा (सहस्रधारः) अनन्तशक्तियुक्तोऽस्ति। (अस्मे) मह्यं (नि, असदत्) विराजते। (मातुः, उपस्थे) मातृक्रोडे (च) पुनः (वने) अरण्ये (सोमः) स परमात्मा (आ) सर्वत्रागत्य मां रक्षति॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

रा꣡जा सि꣡न्धूनाम् अवसिष्ट वा꣡स
ऋत꣡स्य ना꣡वम् आ꣡रुहद् र꣡जिष्ठाम्
अप्सु꣡ द्रप्सो꣡ वावृधे श्येन꣡जूतो
दुह꣡ ईम् पिता꣡ दुह꣡ ईम् पितु꣡र् जा꣡म्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
avasiṣṭa ← √vas- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

rā́jā ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

síndhūnām ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

vā́saḥ ← vā́sas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

aruhat ← √ruh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

nā́vam ← naú- ~ nā́v- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

rájiṣṭhām ← rájiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

apsú ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

drapsáḥ ← drapsá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śyenájūtaḥ ← śyenájūta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vāvr̥dhe ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

duhé ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

duhé ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

jā́m ← jā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pitā́ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pitúḥ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

राजा॑ । सिन्धू॑नाम् । अ॒व॒सि॒ष्ट॒ । वासः॑ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । नाव॑म् । आ । अ॒रु॒ह॒त् । रजि॑ष्ठाम् ।
अ॒प्ऽसु । द्र॒प्सः । व॒वृ॒धे॒ । श्ये॒नऽजू॑तः । दु॒हे । ई॒म् । पि॒ता । दु॒हे । ई॒म् । पि॒तुः । जाम् ॥

• rājā ← rājan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• sindhūnām ← sindhu
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• avasiṣṭa ← vas
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “wear.”

• vāsa ← vāsaḥ ← vāsas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “clothing; fabric; garment; feather; dress; envelope.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• nāvam ← nau
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “ship; boat; nau [word].”

• āruhad ← āruhat ← āruh ← √ruh
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “board; hop on; climb; ascend; descend; ride; copulate; grow.”

• rajiṣṭhām ← rajiṣṭha
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “honest.”

• apsu ← ap
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• drapso ← drapsaḥ ← drapsa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “drop; banner.”

• vāvṛdhe ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• śyenajūto ← śyena
• [noun], masculine
• “hawk; bird of prey; falcon; Śyena; eagle; śyena [word]; Śyena.”

• śyenajūto ← jūtaḥ ← jū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “animate; encourage; impel; inspire.”

• duha ← duhe ← duh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “milk.”

• īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• pitā ← pitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• duha ← duhe ← duh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “milk.”

• īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• pitur ← pituḥ ← pitṛ
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• jām ← jā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “child; jā; being.”

अयं राजा सोमः सिन्धूनाम् उदकानां क्षीरादिस्यन्दिनीनां गवां वा वासः वसनस्थानीयं क्षीराख्यं श्रयणद्रव्यम् अवसिष्ट आच्छादयति । तथा कृत्वा रजिष्ठाम् ऋजुतराम् ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य नावमारुहत् आरोहति । सः द्रप्सः सोमरसः श्येनजूतः श्येनेनापहृतो रसः अप्सु वसतीवरीषु ववृधे वर्धते। ईं तमिमं पितुः पालकात् पितृस्थानीयात् द्युलोकात् जां जातमपत्यं सोमम् ईम् अयं पिता पालको लोकः दुहे दोग्धि रसम् । तथाध्वर्युरपि दुहे दोग्धि । अथवा । उक्तलक्षणमेतं सोमं पिता पालकः स्वामी यजमानो दोग्धि फलं तथा दुहेऽध्वर्युरपि रसं दुहे। यद्वा । दुह ईमिति पुनरुक्तिरादरार्था ॥

English translation:

“The sovereign Soma has put on the vestment of the waters, he has ascended the most straight-going ship of sacrifice; the dripping juice brought by the falcon has increased in the water; the father milks him– milks him the son of the father.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The father milks him: pitā (pālako lokāḥ) = Adhvaryu, who extracts the juice of the Soma which is born from the heaven as from a father; or, the first milk may be the yajamāna and the second the adhvaryu; or duhe may be repeated as a mark of respect

The king of rivers has donned his garment. He has boarded the ship of truth, (which goes) the straightest.
The drop, sped by the falcon, has grown strong in the waters. His father yields him as milk; he yields as milk the offspring of his father.

Pāda a could also mean “the king has donned his garment of the rivers,” but IX.86.33, which also opens rā́jā síndhūnām, where the constituency is clear, eliminates that possibility.

Note the chiastic #rā́jā … rájiṣṭhām# opening and closing the first hemistich.

Pāda d contains one of the paradoxes beloved of RVic bards. The identities of the subj.s and obj.s of the two duhé are disputed. Oldenberg, for ex., thinks that Father Heaven yields Soma in the first clause, while Soma yields Dawn in the second - because pitúr jā́m in X.3.2 refers to Dawn. But this seems to take us too far afield: the strict parallelism of the two mini-clauses—duhá īm pitā́/ duhá īm pitúr jā́m— sketches a closed loop, and introducing an entity not already implicit in the discourse seems unlikely. Geldner’s interpr. (n. 2d) seems closer. The subj. of the first duhé is in my opinion Heaven (dyaúṣ pitā́), with half of his name represented by pitā́and the other found earlier in the simile divó ná vṛṣṭíḥ “like the rain from heaven.” This simile is also the clue to the identity of the object: soma as rain. Then this soma/rain is the subject of the 2nd duhé; it yields soma itself, in the form of the plant whose growth is due to rain. This soma(plant) or the soma juice itself can also be reckoned as the “offspring of his father,” namely of Heaven. This could be a reference to the heavenly soma or simply to the soma juice assimilated to rain.

King, he hath clothed him in the robe of rivers, mounted the straightest-going ship of Order.
Sped by the Hawk the drop hath waxed in waters: the father drains it, drains the Father’s offspring.

Der König der Ströme hat sich in ihr Gewand gekleidet, er hat das am geradesten gehende Schiff der Opferordnung bestiegen. Im Wasser ist der Tropfen groß geworden, der vom Falken eilig gebrachte. Der Vater melkt ihn, er läßt aus sich des Vaters Kind melken.

Der Flüsse König legte sein Gewand an, des Opfers Schiff, das grade fährt, bestieg er; Im Wasser wächst der Aar-getragne Tropfen, der Vater tränkt ihn, er den Spross des Vaters.

Царь рек оделся в (свое) одеяние,
Он взошел на ладью закона, идущую самым прямым путем.
Капля сомы выросла в водах, быстро принесенная орлом.
Доит ее отец, доит этого ребенка (своего) отца.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - वह परमात्मा (सिन्धूनां) प्रकृत्यादि पदार्थों का (राजा) स्वामी है और (वासः) सर्व निवासस्थानों का (अवसिष्ट) आच्छादन करता है। (रजिष्ठां ऋतस्य, नावं) सबसे सुखदायी जो कर्म्मों की नौका है, उसमें (आरुहत्) चढ़ाकर (अप्सु) कर्म्मों के सागर से पार करता है। (द्रप्सः) वह आनन्दस्वरूप परमात्मा (ववृधे) सदैव वृद्धि को प्राप्त है। (श्येनजूतः) विद्युत् के समान दीप्तिमती वृत्ति से ग्रहण किया हुआ परमात्मा ध्यान का विषय होता है। (ईं) इसको (पिता) सत्कर्म्मों द्वारा यज्ञ का पालन करनेवाला यजमान (दुहे) परिपूर्णरूप से दुहता है अर्थात् अपने हृदयङ्गत करता है। (पितुर्जाम्) सदुपदेशक से आविर्भाव को प्राप्त हुए इस परमात्मा को (दुहे) मैं प्राप्त करता हूँ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष कर्मयोगी बनकर परमात्मा की आज्ञा के अनुसार परमात्मा के नियमों का पालन करता है, वह परमात्मा के साक्षात्कार को अवश्यमेव प्राप्त होता है॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - स परमात्मा (सिन्धूनां) प्रकृत्यादिपदार्थानां (राजा) पतिरस्ति। अपि च (वासः) सर्वस्थानानि (अवसिष्ट) आच्छादयति (रजिष्ठां, ऋतस्य, नावं) यः सर्वेभ्यः सुखकारिणी कर्मरूपा नौरस्ति, तस्यां (आ, अरुहत्) आरोह्य (अप्सु) कर्मसमुद्रात् पारयति। (द्रप्सः) स आनन्दस्वरूपः परमात्मा (ववृधे) सदैव वृद्धिं प्राप्नोति। (श्येनजूतः) विद्युदिव दीप्तिमद्वृत्त्या गृहीतः परमात्मा ध्यानविषयो भवति। (ईं) अमुं (पिता) सत्कर्मभिः यज्ञपालको यजमानः (दुहे) परिपूर्णरूपेण दोग्धि अर्थान्निजहृदयगतङ्करोति। (पितुः, जां) सदुपदेशकेनाविर्भावं प्राप्नवन्तममुं परमात्मानं (दुहे) अहं प्राप्नोमि॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

सिंहं꣡ नसन्त म꣡धुवो अया꣡सं
ह꣡रिम् अरुषं꣡ दिवो꣡ अस्य꣡ प꣡तिम्
शू꣡रो युत्सु꣡ प्रथमः꣡ पृछते गा꣡
अ꣡स्य च꣡क्षसा प꣡रि पाति उक्षा꣡

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ayā́sam ← ayā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

nasanta ← √nas- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

siṁhám ← siṁhá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

aruṣám ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

asyá ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

hárim ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pátim ← páti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

prathamáḥ ← prathamá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pr̥chate ← √praś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śū́raḥ ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yutsú ← yúdh- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

ásya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

cákṣasā ← cákṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)
{}

pāti ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ukṣā́ ← ukṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

सिं॒हम् । न॒स॒न्त॒ । मध्वः॑ । अ॒यास॑म् । हरि॑म् । अ॒रु॒षम् । दि॒वः । अ॒स्य । पति॑म् ।
शूरः॑ । यु॒त्ऽसु । प्र॒थ॒मः । पृ॒च्छ॒ते॒ । गाः । अस्य॑ । चक्ष॑सा । परि॑ । पा॒ति॒ । उ॒क्षा ॥

• siṃhaṃ ← siṃham ← siṃha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “lion; hero; best; leader; siṃha [word].”

• nasanta ← nas
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive

• madhvo ← madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sweet; deft.”

• ayāsaṃ ← ayāsam ← ayās
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “undaunted; irrepressible; audacious.”

• harim ← hari
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• aruṣaṃ ← aruṣam ← aruṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• patim ← pati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

• śūro ← śūraḥ ← śūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• yutsu ← yudh
• [noun], locative, plural
• “battle; fight; war; combat.”

• prathamaḥ ← prathama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”

• pṛcchate ← pracch
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “ask; ask; ask; consult; interrogate.”

• gā ← gāḥ ← go
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• cakṣasā ← cakṣas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “eye; look; radiance.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• pāty ← pāti ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “protect; govern.”

• ukṣā ← ukṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; ukṣan [word].”

सिंहं शत्रूणां हिंसकं सिंहसदृशं मध्वः उदकस्य अयासं प्रेरकं हरिं हरितवर्णम् अस्य दिवः द्युलोकस्य पतिं पालकं सोमं नसन्त व्याप्नुवन्ति यजमानाः। युत्सु संग्रामेषु शूरः प्रथमः देवानां मध्ये मुख्यः सोमः गाः पणिभिरपहृताः पृच्छते मार्गज्ञान् । पणीन् हत्वा गा लब्धुं गोमार्गं पृच्छतीत्यर्थः । किंच अस्य चक्षसा सामर्थ्येन उक्षा सेक्ता देवेन्द्रः परि पाति विश्वम् ॥

English translation:

“(The worshippers) reach the lion-like (Soma) the dispenser of water, green-tinted, red, the protector of this heaven; a hero in battles, first (among the gods) he seeks the (stolen) cows; by his might the sprinkler (Indra) protects (the universe).”

They [=waters or cows] draw near the unbridled lion of honey, the tawny, ruddy master of this heaven.
The champion, first in battles, asks for the cows for himself. The young bull protects them all around with his gaze.

Grassmann, Geldner, and Oldenberg (flg. Lanman, Noun Inflec. 414) take mádhvaḥ as a nom. pl.

Lanman and Grassmann (supplying drapsā́s or sim.) identify it as masc. (Oldenberg says nothing further), while Geldner seemingly as a fem., since he supplies “Milchkühe.” This gender switch (and adjectival interpr.) is unnec.; in all cases of supposed masc. or fem. pl.

mádhvaḥ (see the list in Grassmann) the form can be interpr. as a gen. sg. to the neut. noun. In our passage Renou supplies a pl. subj. “streams” on which gen. mádhvaḥ depends: “(Les coulées) de miel …” But I simply take it as a gen. of material, dependent on siṃhám (“lion of honey”). The cmpd. mádhu-pṛṣṭha- ‘honey-backed’, lit. ‘having a back of honey’ (in my interpr., contra Grassmann/Geldner ‘having honey on his back’) supports my interpr., and note that 6d contains a mádhvaḥ that is universally taken as gen. As subj. of nasanta I supply cows or waters, probably the former, since they appear in c and implicitly in d.

Geldner seems to take ayā́sam with pátim rather than siṃhám, but given that the adj. appears in the same pāda with the lion and given that another animal, the horse, is described as ayā́sam in the next vs. (4a), “unbridled lion” seems more likely.

They come to him, red, tawny, Lord of Heaven, the watchful Guardian of the meath, the Lion.
First, Hero in the fight, he seeks the cattle, and with his eye the Steer is our protector.

Die süßen Milchkühe berühren den Löwen, den unverzagten, rotgelben Herrn dieses Himmels. Als der vorderste Held in den Kämpfen erkundigt er sich nach den Kühen, mit seinem Auge behütet sie der Stier.

Dem raschen Löwen nahten süsse Tränke, dem rothen Hengst, dem Herrscher dieses Himmels, Der Held verlangt im Kampf zuerst nach Kühen; der Stier bewacht das All mit seinem Blicke.

Неутомимого льва ласкают (потоки) меда,
Золотистого, алого господина этого неба.
Первый герой в битвах, он спрашивает о коровах.
Бык охраняет (их) своим взглядом.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सिंहं) जो सिंह के समान है, (मध्वः) आनन्दस्वरूप है, (अयासं) जो अनायास से ही सृष्टि की उत्पत्ति, स्थिति, प्रलय करनेवाला है (अरुषं) दीप्तिवाला (दिवः) जो द्युलोक का (पति) है, (अस्य) उस परमात्मा के ज्ञान को (युत्सु शूरः) जो ज्ञानयज्ञादिरूप युद्ध में शूरवीर (प्रथमः) जो सबसे अग्रगण्य है, वह पाता है (अस्य पृच्छते) और जो इसके ज्ञान को पूँछता है, उस जिज्ञासु के लिये (अस्य चक्षसा) इसका कथन करनेवाला (गाः) उस ज्ञान का उपदेश करता है और (उक्षा) सब कामनाओं को परिपूर्ण करनेवाला परमात्मा (परिपाति) उसकी रक्षा करता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष परमात्मपरायण होते हैं, परमात्मा उनकी अपने ज्ञान के द्वारा रक्षा करता है॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सिंहं) यः सिंहतुल्यः, (मध्वः) आनन्दस्वरूपः, (अयासं) योऽनायासेनैव सृष्टेरुत्पत्तिस्थितिप्रलयकारकः, (अरुषं) दीप्तिमान् (दिवः) यो द्युलोकस्येश्वरश्चास्ति (अस्य) पूर्वोक्तस्य परमात्मनो ज्ञानं (युत्सु, शूरः) ज्ञानयज्ञादौ यो वीरः (प्रथमः) सर्वाग्रगण्यः स प्राप्नोति। (अस्य, पृच्छते) अपि चास्य ज्ञानं यः पृच्छति, तस्मै जिज्ञासवे (अस्य, चक्षसा) तस्य कथयिता (गाः) तज्ज्ञानमुपदिशति। अपरञ्च (उक्षा) निखिलकामना-पूरकः परमात्मा (परि, पाति) तं रक्षति॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

म꣡धुपृष्ठं घोर꣡म् अया꣡सम् अ꣡श्वं
र꣡थे युञ्जन्ति उरुचक्र꣡ ऋष्व꣡म्
स्व꣡सार ईं जाम꣡यो मर्जयन्ति
स꣡नाभयो वाजि꣡नम् ऊर्जयन्ति

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áśvam ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ayā́sam ← ayā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ghorám ← ghorá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mádhupr̥ṣṭham ← mádhupr̥ṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ráthe ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥ṣvám ← r̥ṣvá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

urucakré ← urucakrá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yuñjanti ← √yuj- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

jāmáyaḥ ← jāmí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

marjayanti ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

svásāraḥ ← svásar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

sánābhayaḥ ← sánābhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ūrjayanti ← √ūrjay- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vājínam ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

मधु॑ऽपृष्ठम् । घो॒रम् । अ॒यास॑म् । अश्व॑म् । रथे॑ । यु॒ञ्ज॒न्ति॒ । उ॒रु॒ऽच॒क्रे । ऋ॒ष्वम् ।
स्वसा॑रः । ई॒म् । जा॒मयः॑ । म॒र्ज॒य॒न्ति॒ । सऽना॑भयः । वा॒जिन॑म् । ऊ॒र्ज॒य॒न्ति॒ ॥

• madhupṛṣṭhaṃ ← madhu
• [noun], neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• madhupṛṣṭhaṃ ← pṛṣṭham ← pṛṣṭha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “back; top; top; surface; shell; peak; Pṛṣṭha; flat roof; pṛṣṭha [word]; back; roof.”

• ghoram ← ghora
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “awful; dangerous; terrific; intense; dreadful.”

• ayāsam ← ayās
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “undaunted; irrepressible; audacious.”

• aśvaṃ ← aśvam ← aśva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• rathe ← ratha
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• yuñjanty ← yuñjanti ← yuj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• urucakra ← uru
• [noun]
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• urucakra ← cakre ← cakra
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”

• ṛṣvam ← ṛṣva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “distinguished; high; noble; enormous.”

• svasāra ← svasāraḥ ← svasṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sister; svasṛ [word].”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• jāmayo ← jāmayaḥ ← jāmi
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sister; woman; daughter-in-law.”

• marjayanti ← marjay ← √mṛj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

• sanābhayo ← sanābhayaḥ ← sanābhi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “kindred.”

• vājinam ← vājin
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”

• ūrjayanti ← ūrjay
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “strengthen.”

मधुपृष्ठं मधुरपृष्ठभागं घोरं भयानकम् अयासं गन्तारम् ऋष्वं दर्शनीयमुक्तलक्षणाश्वस्थानीयं व्याप्तं सोमम् उरुचक्रे प्रभूतचक्रे रथे यथाश्वं रथे युञ्जन्ति रथिकास्तद्वत् प्रभूतचरणे रथे रंहस्य साधने यज्ञाख्ये रथे युञ्जन्ति । योजयन्त्यध्वर्य्वादयः । किंच ईम् एनं सोमं स्वसारः स्वयंसारिण्यः परस्परं स्वसृभूता वा जामयः बन्धुभूता अङ्गुलयः । एकहस्तनिष्पन्नत्वात् स्वसृत्वं जामित्वं च । एवंभूताः मार्जयन्ति शोधयन्ति । तदेवाह । सनाभयः समानबन्धनाः वाजिनं बलवन्तं सोमम् ऊर्जयन्ति बलिनं कुर्वन्ति ॥

English translation:

“(The priests) attach to the broad-wheeled car the glossy-backed terrible active graceful horse; the sister fingers cleanse him; the kinsfolk invigorate the mighty (Soma).”

The honey-backed, terrible, unbridled horse—they yoke that towering one to the wide-wheeled chariot.
His sisters, his kin, groom him. Those who share an umbilical bond
nourish the prizewinner.

They harness to the broad-wheeled car the mighty Courser whose back bears meath, unwearied, awful.
The twins, the sisters brighten him, and strengthen-these children of one damethe vigorous Racer.

Das furchtbare Roß mit der Süßigkeit auf dem Rücken, das unverzagte spannen sie an den breiträdrigen Wagen, das überragende. Die gesippten Schwestern putzen ihn heraus, die Blutsverwandten stärken den Preisgewinner.

Sie schirren an den Wagen, breit an Rädern, den hohen, hehren, milchbedeckten Renner, Es striegeln ihn die blutsverwandten Schwestern, die gleichentstammten kräftigen, den schnellen.

Страшного неутомимого коня с медом на спине
Они запрягают в колесницу с широкими колесами, (его) огромного.
Родные сестры начищают его,
Кровные родственницы подкрепляют завоевателя награды.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मधुपृष्ठं) जो सैन्धवघनवत् सर्व ओर से आनन्दमय है, (घोरमयासं) जिसका प्रयत्न घोर है अर्थात् भयानक है और (अश्वं) जो गतिरूप है, (ऊरुचक्रे रथे) अत्यन्त वेगवाली द्रुतगति में (युञ्जन्ति) जिसने नियुक्त किया है, (स्वसारः) “स्वयं सरन्तीति स्वसारः इन्द्रियवृत्तयः” स्वाभाविकगतिशील इन्द्रियों की वृत्तियें (जामयः) जो मन से उत्पन्न होने के कारण परस्पर बन्धुपन का सम्बन्ध रखनेवाली चित्तवृत्तियें (सनाभयः) चित्त से उत्पन्न होने के कारण सनाभि सम्बन्ध रखनेवाली चित्तवृत्तियें (मर्जयन्ति) उक्त परमात्मा को विषय करती हैं और (वाजिनं) उस बलस्वरूप को (ऊर्जयन्ति) विषय करके उपासक को अत्यन्त आध्यात्मिक बल प्रदान करती हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में “जामि” नाम चित्तवृत्ति का है, क्योंकि वृत्ति मन से उत्पन्न होने के कारण अन्य वृत्तियें भी उसके साथ सम्बन्ध रखने के कारण जामि कहलाती हैं॥ उक्त वृत्तियें जब परमात्मा का साक्षात्कार करती हैं, तो उपासक में आत्मिकबल उत्पन्न होता है अर्थात् शारीरिक, आत्मिक, सामाजिक तीनों प्रकार के बल की उत्पत्ति का कारण एकमात्र परमात्मा है, कोई अन्य नहीं॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (मधुपृष्ठं) यः सैन्धवघनवत् सर्वत आनन्दमयः (घोरं, अयासं) यस्य प्रयत्नः घोरः अर्थाद्भयानकः (अश्वं) यो गतिस्वरूपश्चास्ति। (उरुचक्रे, रथे) यो द्रुतगतौ (युञ्जन्ति) विनियुङ्क्ते। (स्वसारः) स्वयं सरन्तीति स्वसारः इन्द्रियवृत्तयः (जामयः) या मनस उत्पन्नत्वात् परस्परं बन्धुतायाः सम्बन्धं विदधति। (सनाभयः) चित्तादुत्पन्नत्वात् सनाभिसम्बन्धवत्यः। चित्तवृत्तयः (मर्जयन्ति) उक्तपरमात्मानं विषयीकुर्वन्ति। अपि च (वाजिनं) तं बलस्वरूपं विषयीकृत्योपासकस्यात्या-ध्यात्मिकबलं प्रददति॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

च꣡तस्र ईं घृतदु꣡हः सचन्ते
समाने꣡ अन्त꣡र् धरु꣡णे नि꣡षत्ताः
ता꣡ ईम् अर्षन्ति न꣡मसा पुनाना꣡स्
ता꣡ ईं विश्व꣡तः प꣡रि षन्ति पूर्वीः꣡

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
cátasraḥ ← catúr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ghr̥tadúhaḥ ← ghr̥tadúh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

sacante ← √sac- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

antár ← antár (invariable)
{}

dharúṇe ← dharúṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

níṣattāḥ ← √sad- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

samāné ← samāná- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

arṣanti ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

námasā ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

punānā́ḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

tā́ḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

pári ← pári (invariable)
{}

pūrvī́ḥ ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

santi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tā́ḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

viśvátas ← viśvátas (invariable)
{}

चत॑स्रः । ई॒म् । घृ॒त॒ऽदुहः॑ । स॒च॒न्ते॒ । स॒मा॒ने । अ॒न्तः । ध॒रुणे॑ । निऽस॑त्ताः ।
ताः । ई॒म् । अ॒र्ष॒न्ति॒ । नम॑सा । पु॒ना॒नाः । ताः । ई॒म् । वि॒श्वतः॑ । परि॑ । स॒न्ति॒ । पू॒र्वीः ॥

• catasra ← catasraḥ ← catur
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “four; catur [word].”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• ghṛtaduhaḥ ← ghṛta
• [noun], neuter
• “ghee; fat.”

• ghṛtaduhaḥ ← duhaḥ ← duh
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “duh.”

• sacante ← sac
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

• samāne ← samāna
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “like; identical; common; like; alike(p); same; samāna [word]; akin(p); comparable; identical; mutual; equal.”

• antar
• [adverb]
• “inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

• dharuṇe ← dharuṇa
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “prop; foundation.”

• niṣattāḥ ← niṣad ← √sad
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “sit down; sit; put.”

• tā ← tāḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• arṣanti ← ṛṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “run.”

• namasā ← namas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

• punānās ← punānāḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• tā ← tāḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• viśvataḥ ← viśvatas
• [adverb]
• “everywhere; around; about.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• ṣanti ← santi ← as
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• pūrvīḥ ← puru
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “many; much(a); very.”

चतस्रः घृतदुहः घृतदोग्ध्र्यो गावः ईम एनं सोमं सचन्ते सेवन्ते । कीदृश्यस्ताः । समाने एकस्मिन् धरुणे सर्वेषां धारकेऽन्तरिक्षे निषत्ताः निषण्णाः । ताः घृतदुहः ईम एनम् अर्षन्ति प्राप्नुवन्ति नमसा अन्नेन पुनानाः पूयमानाः सत्यः। ताः पूर्वीः बह्व्यः प्रभूता गावः विश्वतः सर्वतः परि षन्ति परिभवन्ति ॥ विष्टम्भो दिवो धुरुणः पृथिव्या विश्व उत क्षितयो हस्ते अस्य ।

English translation:

“The four yielders of butter wait upon him, stationed in a common asylum; being purified they approach him with food, they surround him in numbers on every side.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

A common asylum: the firmament

Set down within the same support, four, yielding ghee as their milk, accompany him.
They rush, being purified with homage. They, the many, surround him on all sides.

The cátasraḥ … ghṛtadúhaḥ … níṣattāḥ “four (fem.), yielding ghee as milk, set down …” is highly reminiscent of IX.74.6 cátasro nā́bho níhitāḥ “four hidden (lit., ‘put down, deposited’) (streams) bursting out …” See comm. ad loc., where, flg.

Geldner, I suggest that “four” is a metaphorical reference to the four teats of a cow’s udder. In our passage I don’t understand what “set down within the same support” (samāné antár dharúṇe) refers to, unless it’s the placement of the teats in/on the udder, which would be the dharúṇa- here. I also don’t know if there’s a secondary reference to some piece or pieces of ritual equipment from which (pitcher with 4 spouts? 4 pitchers?) the mixing milk is poured, or if an actual cow is stationed nearby. But here, as in IX.74.6, I think the immediate physical referent is to the streams of milk that emerge from the teats, rather than their source(s).

The īm in c was omitted from the tr., where it presumably expresses the goal of arṣanti. I would now tr. “They rush to him while being purified …” The parens.

around “him” in the next pāda can be erased, since that pāda also contains īm. The concentration of forms of īm in this hymn should also be noted: 2d (2x), 4c, 5a, 5c, 5d.

Four pouring out the holy oil attend him, sitting together in the same container.
To him they flow, when purified, with homage, and still, from every side, are first about him.

Vier Buttermilchende geleiten ihn, auf die gleiche Unterlage niedergesetzt. Diese fließen zu ihm , ehrfürchtig sich läuternd; diese umgeben ihn allenthalben in großer Zahl.

Vier milchversehne Kühe gehen mit ihm, sich niederlassend in das gleiche Becken, Sie strömen ihm, gereinigt mit Verehrung, und sind um ihn, die vielen, allenthalben.

За ним следуют четыре (коровы?), доящиеся жиром,
Усевшиеся на общую (с ним) основу внутри (чана),
Они текут к нему, очищаясь с поклонением.
Они обильные, окружают его со всех сторон.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (चतस्रः) पृथिवी, जल, तेज और वायु की चारों शक्तियें (ईं) इस परमात्मा को जो (घृतदुहः) स्नेह के दोहन करनेवाली हैं, वे (सचन्ते) संगत होती हैं। (समाने धरुणे) एक अधिकरण में (अन्तः निषत्ताः) व्याप्य-व्यापकता का सम्बन्ध रखकर (ताः) वे शक्तियें (ईं) इस परमात्मा को (अर्षन्ति) प्राप्त होती हैं। (नमसा) ऐश्वर्य्य से (पुनानाः) पवित्र करती हुई (ताः) वे शक्तियें (पूर्वीः) जो अनन्त हैं, वे (ईं) इस परमात्मा को (परिषन्ति) सर्व ओर से विभूषित करती हैं॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - प्रकृति की परमाणुरूप शक्तियों से ईश्वर का ऐश्वर्य विभूषित हो रहा है। इन सब शक्तियों का केन्द्र एकमात्र परमात्मा ही है। उसी एकमात्र परब्रह्म में ये उत्पत्ति-स्थिति-प्रलय करती हैं अर्थात् आविर्भाव का नाम उत्पत्ति और सूक्ष्मरूप से विराजमान होने का नाम प्रलय है॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (चतस्रः) पृथिव्यप्तेजोवायूनां चतस्रः शक्तयः (ईं) अमुं परमात्मानं (घृतदुहः) याः स्नेहदोग्ध्र्यः सन्ति, ताः (सचन्ते) सङ्गच्छन्ति (समाने, धरुणे) एकस्मिन्नधिकरणे (अन्तः, निषत्ताः) व्याप्यव्यापकतायाः सम्बन्धं स्वीकृत्य (ताः) पूर्वोक्ताः शक्तयः (ईम्) अमुं परमात्मानं (अर्षन्ति) प्राप्नुवन्ति। (नमसा) ऐष्वर्येण (पुनानाः) पवित्रयन्त्यः (ताः) ताः शक्तयः (पूर्वीः) या अनन्ताः सन्ति, ताः (ईं) अमुं परमात्मानं (परि, सन्ति) सर्वतो विभूषयन्ति॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

विष्टम्भो꣡ दिवो꣡ धरु꣡णः पृथिव्या꣡
वि꣡श्वा उत꣡ क्षित꣡यो ह꣡स्ते अस्य
अ꣡सत् त उ꣡त्सो गृणते꣡ नियु꣡त्वान्
म꣡ध्वो अंशुः꣡ पवत इन्द्रिया꣡य

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dharúṇaḥ ← dharúṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

pr̥thivyā́ḥ ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

viṣṭambháḥ ← viṣṭambhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

háste ← hásta- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

kṣitáyaḥ ← kṣití- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

utá ← utá (invariable)
{}

víśvāḥ ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ásat ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gr̥ṇaté ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

niyútvān ← niyútvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

útsaḥ ← útsa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

aṁśúḥ ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

indriyā́ya ← indriyá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

pavate ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

वि॒ष्ट॒म्भः । दि॒वः । ध॒रुणः॑ । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । विश्वाः॑ । उ॒त । क्षि॒तयः॑ । हस्ते॑ । अ॒स्य॒ ।
अस॑त् । ते॒ । उत्सः॑ । गृ॒ण॒ते । नि॒युत्वा॑न् । मध्वः॑ । अं॒शुः । प॒व॒ते॒ । इ॒न्द्रि॒याय॑ ॥

• viṣṭambho ← viṣṭambhaḥ ← viṣṭambha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “constipation.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• dharuṇaḥ ← dharuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “holding; supportive.”

• pṛthivyā ← pṛthivyāḥ ← pṛthivī
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• viśvā ← viśvāḥ ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• kṣitayo ← kṣitayaḥ ← kṣiti
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”

• haste ← hasta
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “hand; hand; proboscis; hasta [word]; autograph.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• asat ← as
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• ta ← te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• utso ← utsaḥ ← utsa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “spring; fountain; utsa [word]; well.”

• gṛṇate ← gṛ
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “praise.”

• niyutvān ← niyutvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• madhvo ← madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• aṃśuḥ ← aṃśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• pavata ← pavate ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• indriyāya ← indriya
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “sense organ; Indriya; sense; power; semen; indriya [word]; mind; penis; manfulness; force.”

अयं सोमः दिवः द्युलोकस्य विष्टम्भभूतः । यथा गृहस्थ स्तम्भस्तद्वत्। तथा पृथिव्याः धरुणः धारकः । उत अपि च विश्वाः सर्वाः क्षितयः प्रजाः अस्य सोमस्य हस्ते भवन्ति । उत्सः । उत्सरन्त्यस्मात् कामा इत्युत्सः सोमः। सः गृणते स्तुवते ते तुभ्यं नियुत्वान् अश्ववान् असत् भवतु । स सोमः मध्वः मधु । कर्मणि षष्ठी । मधुररसः अंशुः सोमः । ‘ अंशुः शमष्टमात्रो भवति’ (निरु. २. ५) इति यास्कः । इन्द्रियाय पवते पूयते अभिषूयते ॥

English translation:

“The prop of heaven, the support of earth– all beings (are) in his hands; may (Soma) the fountain (of desires) be possessed of horses for you (his) adorer; the filament of the sweet-flavoured (Soma) is purified for (the sake of winning) strength.”

(He is) the prop of heaven, the support of the earth, and all the dwelling places are in his hand.
Your wellspring will provide (horse-)teams to the singer. The plant of honey purifies itself for Indrian power.

The placement of utá in b is unexpected: it should not break up the NP víśvāḥ … kṣitáyaḥ, which it is conjoining to the two nominal expressions in pāda a.

We would expect #*utá viśvāḥ kṣitáyaḥ. Perhaps the metrically distasteful initial two light syllables prompted a flip. Klein (DGRV I.330-31) does not discuss this placement in his treatment of the passage.

Pāda c ásat ta útso gṛṇaté niyútvān is somewhat puzzling, at least on the literal level: “your wellspring will be possessed of a team for the singer.” Geldner’s rendering, “Dein Quell sei freigebig …,” is overly free, but it probably captures the sense fairly closely. The semantic pathway is clearer in Renou’s “Que ta source … procure un attelage (de biens).” Cf. III.49.4 … vásubhir niyútvān “teamed with goods.” Perhaps the tr. should be altered to “will provide teams (of goods) …” Although niyútvant- is also found in the preceding hymn (IX.88.2), its use there seems unconnected with this one.

He is the buttress of the heavens, supporter of earth, and in his hand are all the people.
Be the team’s Lord a well to thee the singer: cleansed is the sweet plant’s stalk for deed of glory.

Des Himmels Stütze, der Träger der Erde - und die Lande sind in seiner Hand. Dein Quell sei freigebig für den Sänger. Der Stengel der Süßigkeit wird für die indrische Kraft geläutert.

Des Himmels Pfeiler und der Erde Stütze ist er, in seiner Hand sind alle Völker; Dem Sänger fliesse immer deine Quelle; für Indra’s Grösse strömt des Methes Welle.

Столп неба, опора земли,
И все народы в его руке.
Пусть будет его источник полон упряжек (с дарами) для воспевателя!
Стебель меда очищается для силы Индры.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दिवो विष्टम्भः) जो द्युलोक का सहारा है (धरुणः पृथिव्याः) और पृथिवी का आधार है (उत) और (विश्वाः, क्षितयः) सब लोक-लोकान्तर (अस्य, हस्ते) उस परमात्मा के हस्तगत हैं। (उत्सः) वह सब लोगों का उत्पत्तिस्थान है। परमात्मा (गृणते ते) स्तुति करनेवाले उपासक के लिये(नियुत्वान् असत्) ज्ञानप्रद हो। (मध्वः) जो परमात्मा आनन्दस्वरूप है, (अंशुः) सर्वव्यापक है, वह (इन्द्रियाय) कर्म्मयोगी के लिये (पवते) पवित्रता दे॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - द्युभ्वादिलोकों का अधिकरण एकमात्र वही परमात्मा है अर्थात् उसी परमात्मा के सहारे सब ब्रह्माण्डों की स्थिति है। इस प्रकार यहाँ परमात्मा को अधिकरणरूप से वर्णन किया है॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दिवः, विष्टम्भः) यो द्युलोकस्याधिकरणं (धरुणः, पृथिव्याः) पृथिव्यधिकरणञ्चास्ति। (उत) अपि च (विश्वाः, क्षितयः) सर्वाणि लोकान्तराणि (अस्य, हस्ते) तस्य परमात्मनो हस्तगतानि सन्ति। (उत्सः) सर्वलोकानामुत्पत्तिस्थानम्। (गृणते, ते) स्तोत्रे उपासकाय (नियुत्वान्, असत्) ज्ञानप्रदः स्यात् (मध्वः) आनन्दस्वरूपः (अंशुः) सर्वव्यापकश्चासि। (इन्द्रियाय) कर्म्मयोगिने (पवते) पवित्रतां प्रददातु॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

वन्व꣡न्न् अ꣡वातो अभि꣡ देव꣡वीतिम्
इ꣡न्द्राय सोम वृत्रहा꣡ पवस्व
शग्धि꣡ महः꣡ पुरुश्चन्द्र꣡स्य रायः꣡
सुवी꣡रियस्य प꣡तयः सियाम

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)
{}

ávātaḥ ← ávāta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devávītim ← devávīti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

vanván ← √vanⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥trahā́ ← vr̥trahán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

maháḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

puruścandrásya ← puruścandrá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

rāyáḥ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

śagdhí ← √śak- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

pátayaḥ ← páti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

suvī́ryasya ← suvī́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

syāma ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

व॒न्वन् । अवा॑तः । अ॒भि । दे॒वऽवी॑तिम् । इन्द्रा॑य । सो॒म॒ । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । प॒व॒स्व॒ ।
श॒ग्धि । म॒हः । पु॒रु॒ऽच॒न्द्रस्य॑ । रा॒यः । सु॒ऽवीर्य॑स्य । पत॑यः । स्या॒म॒ ॥

• vanvann ← vanvan ← van
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “obtain; gain; desire; get; like; love; overcome.”

• avāto ← avātaḥ ← avāta
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• devavītim ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devavītim ← vītim ← vīti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• vṛtrahā ← vṛtra
• [noun], masculine
• “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

• vṛtrahā ← hā ← han
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• śagdhi ← śak
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “can; invigorate.”

• mahaḥ ← mah
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• puruścandrasya ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• puruścandrasya ← ścandrasya ← ścandra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “shining; glistening; brilliant.”

• rāyaḥ ← rai
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• suvīryasya ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suvīryasya ← vīryasya ← vīrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

• patayaḥ ← pati
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

• syāma ← as
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

वन्वन् सन् देववीतिं देवानाम्पानार्थं हे सोम इन्द्राय इन्द्रार्थं वृत्रहा वृत्रस्यहन्ता अवातः त्वं अभिपवस्व क्षर । कथम्भूतः त्वं शग्धि शक्तिमान् महोमहानसि त्वत्प्रसा- दाद्वयं पुरुश्चन्द्रस्य बह्वाह्वादकस्य सुवीर्यस्य शोभनावीरायस्मिन् तादृशस्य राये धनस्य पतयः स्याम ॥ ७ ॥प्रहिन्वानइति षळृचम्पञ्चमंसूक्तं मैत्रावरुणेर्वसिष्ठस्यार्षं त्रैष्टुभं पवमानसोमदेवताकम् । तथाचानुक्रान्तम् । प्रहिन्वानः षड्वसिष्ठइति । गतोविनियोगः ।

English translation:

“Conquering (and) unconquered approach the banquet of the gods; Soma, who are the slayer of Vṛtra, flow for Indra; grant us abundant and splendid riches, may we be masters of excellent male offspring.”

Vanquishing but unvanquished, o Soma, as Vr̥tra-smasher purify yourself for Indra and to pursue the gods.
Have mastery over great, much-glittering wealth. Might we be lords of an abundance of heroes.

The dat. índrāya opening pāda b echoes the dat. indriyā́ya, which closes the preceding vs. (6d). It is also piquant that Soma adopts “Vṛtra-slayer” (vṛtrahán-), Indra’s own epithet, when he acts on behalf of Indra.

The two aims of Soma’s purification abhí devávītim and índrāya “towards pursuit of the gods” and “for Indra” are grammatically non-parallel.

Fighting, uninjured come where Gods are feasted; Soma, as Vitra-slayer flow for Indra.
Vouchsafe us ample riches very splendid may we be masters of heroic vigour.

Du der unüberwundene Überwinder läutere dich für die Götterladung, für Indra, o Soma, du der Vritratöter! Erwirk uns großen vielblinkenden Reichtum. Wir möchten die Besitzer der Meisterschaft sein.

Unangefochten, siegreich riesle, Soma, zum Göttermahl dem Indra, Feinde tödtend, Verleih uns grossen, glanzbegabten Reichthum; wir seien Herrn von starken Heldenscharen.

Настигающий, (но) не настигнутый, очищайся, о сома,
Для приглашения богов, для Индры как убийца Вритры!
Достань (нам) великого яркосверкающего богатства!
Да будем мы хозяевами богатства из прекрасных мужей!

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (वृत्रहा) अज्ञान के नाश करनेवाले (इन्द्राय) कर्मयोगी को जो (देववीतिं) जो देवताओं के यज्ञ को प्राप्त है (वन्वन्नवातः) और जो गम्भीर है, उसको (अभि पवस्व) सब ओर से आप पवित्र करिये। (शग्धि) सबकी याचना को पूर्ण करनेवाले (महः) सबसे बड़े और (पुरुश्चन्द्रस्य रायः) सब आह्लादकों के आह्लादक जो आनन्दस्वरूप आप हैं, आपकी कृपा से (सुवीर्यस्य) सब बलों के हम लोग (पतयः) स्वामी (स्याम) हों॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आपकी कृपा से हम सब लोक-लोकान्तरों के पति हों॥७॥ यह ८९ वाँ सूक्त २५ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! त्वं (वृत्रहा) अज्ञानविनाशकः (इन्द्राय) कर्म्मयोगिनं (देववीतिम्) यो देवानां यज्ञं प्राप्नोति। (वन्वन्, अवातः) अपि च योऽगाधोऽस्ति तं (अभि, पवस्व) सर्वतः पवित्रय। (शग्धि) सर्वयाचनापूरकः (महः) सर्वमहान् अपि च (पुरुश्चन्द्रस्य, रायः) सर्वेषामाह्लादकानामाह्लादको य आनन्दस्वरूपस्त्वमसि। तवानुकम्पया (सुवीर्य्यस्य) सर्वबलानां वयं (पतयः) स्वामी (स्याम) भवेम॥७॥ इत्येकोननवतितमं सूक्तं पञ्चविंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः॥