०८८

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अयं᳓ सो᳓म इन्दर+ तु᳓भ्य° सुन्वे
तु᳓भ्यम् पवते तुव᳓म् अस्य पाहि
तुवं᳓ ह यं᳓ चकृषे᳓ त्वं᳓ ववृष᳓
इ᳓न्दुम् म᳓दाय यु᳓जियाय सो᳓मम्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ayám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sunve ← √su- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

túbhyam ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

pāhi ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

pavate ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

túbhyam ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

cakr̥ṣé ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

ha ← ha (invariable)

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

vavr̥ṣé ← √vr̥- ~ vr̥̄- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

yám ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

índum ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mádāya ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sómam ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yújyāya ← yújya- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒यम् । सोमः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । तुभ्य॑म् । सु॒न्वे॒ । तुभ्य॑म् । प॒व॒ते॒ । त्वम् । अ॒स्य॒ । पा॒हि॒ ।
त्वम् । ह॒ । यम् । च॒कृ॒षे । त्वम् । व॒वृ॒षे । इन्दु॑म् । मदा॑य । युज्या॑य । सोम॑म् ॥

• ayaṃ ← ayam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• soma ← somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• tubhyaṃ ← tubhyam ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• sunve ← su
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “press out; su.”

• tubhyam ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• pavate ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• pāhi ← pā
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• ha
• [adverb]
• “indeed; ha [word].”

• yaṃ ← yam ← yad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• cakṛṣe ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• vavṛṣa ← vavṛṣe ← vṛ
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “choose; ask.”

• indum ← indu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• madāya ← mada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• yujyāya ← yujya
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “adequate to(p); appropriate; united; allied.”

• somam ← soma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

हे इन्द्र अयं सोमः तुभ्यं त्वदर्थं सुन्वे सूयते ॥ सुनोतेः कर्मार्थे लटि ‘ लोपस्त आत्मनेपदेषु’ इति तलोपः ॥ तुभ्यं त्वदर्थमेव पवते पूयते । त्वं च अस्य अमुं पाहि पिब । त्वं ह यम् इन्दुं सोमं चकृषे करोषि । त्वं च यं ववृषे वृतवानसि । किमर्थम् । मदाय युज्याय सहायाय । सोम इन्द्राय बलकरत्वात् सहाय इति प्रसिद्धम् । यमेवं करोषि त्वं तं पाहीति समन्वयः॥

English translation:

“This Soma is expressed for you, Indra; for you is filtered; do you drink of it; it is the Indu Soma which you have made, which you have chosen for your exhilaration, your companion.”

This soma is pressed for you, Indra; for you it purifies itself.
You—drink of it—
the one that you have made your own, that you have chosen, the drop, the soma to be yoked for exhilaration.

The vs. is notable for the dense repetition of the 2nd ps. sg. prn., with five exx. in the first three pādas.

The initial annunciatory ayám should probably be more clearly represented in the tr.: “this soma here …” For the metrically bad vavṛṣé see Kümmel (459) and comm. ad VI.4.7. As Kümmel points out, we would expect this seṭ root to have a pre-C weak perf. stem *vavūr-, which would fit the cadence here much better.

The published translation renders mádāya yújyāya sómam as “the soma to be yoked for exhilaration,” falsely giving the impression that dat. yújyāya modifies acc. sómam. I now realize that the five occurrences of dat. yújyāya should be taken as nouns expressing purpose, not as adjectives. Interestingly four of the five passages have as main verb a form of √vṝ ‘choose’: VII.19.9 … vṛṇīṣva yújyāya …, VIII.4.15 prá … vṛṇīmahe, yújyāya …, IX.66.18 vṛṇīmáhe yújyāya, and our … vavṛṣe, … yújyāya.

There thus appears to be a fixed syntagm X yújyāya √vṛ “choose/select X for yoking (/for use),” and I would now tr. this passage “… the drop, the soma, which you have chosen for yoking for exhilaration.” I would not construe it directly with the adjacent dative mádāya, which is a separate expression of purpose.

FOR thee this Soma is effused, O Indra: drink of this juice; for thee the stream is flowing-
Soma, which thou thyself hast made and chosen, even Indu, for thy special drink to cheer thee.

Dieser Soma wird für dich, Indra, ausgepreßt, für dich wird er geläutert; trinke du davon, den du dir gewonnen und erwählt hast, den Somasaft für den dir zukommenden Rausch.

Gepresst ist dieser Soma dir, o Indra, er rieselt hell dir, trinke du von diesem; Von ihm, den du geschaffen und erwählt hast, vom Somasafte dir zu tücht’gem Rausche.

Этот сома, о Индра, выжимается для тебя.
Для тебя он очищается. Ты пей его.
(Тот) сок, который ты же принял для себя, ты выбрал,
Сому для подобающего опьянения!

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• सतःपङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे कर्म्मयोगिन् ! (तुभ्यं सुन्वे) तुम्हारे संस्कार के लिये (अयं सोमः) यह सोम परमात्मा (तुभ्यं पवते) तुमको पवित्र करता है। (त्वं) तुम (अस्य) इसकी आज्ञा को (पाहि) पालन करो। (त्वं) तुम (यं) जिस (इन्दुं) प्रकाशरूप (सोमं) परमात्मा की (चकृषे) उपासना करते हो, वह (त्वं) तुम्हारे (ववृषे) वरण करने के लिये और (मदाय) आनन्द देने के लिये स्वीकार करता है, इसलिये तुम (युज्याय) अपनी सहायता के लिये (सोमं) सोमरूप परमात्मा की उपासना करो॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा को शुद्धभाव से वर्णन करते हैं, परमात्मा उनको अवश्यमेव शुद्धि प्रदान करता है॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र)हे कर्म्मयोगिन् (तुभ्यं, सुन्वे) तव संस्काराय (अयं, सोमः) अयं सोमः परमात्मा (तुभ्यं, पवते) त्वां पवित्रयति। (त्वं) पूर्वोक्तस्त्वं (अस्य) अमुष्याज्ञा (पाहि) रक्ष। (त्वं) पूर्वोक्तस्त्वं (यं) यस्य (इन्दुं) प्रकाशस्वरूपस्य (सोमं) परमात्मनः (चकृषे) उपासनां करोषि, सः (त्वं) तव (ववृषे) वरणाय (मदाय) आनन्ददानाय च स्वीकरोति त्वाम् अतस्त्वं (युज्याय) स्वसाहाय्याय (सोमं) सोमस्वरूपपरमात्मन उपासनां कुरु॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स᳓ ईं र᳓थो न᳓ भुरिषा᳓ळ् अयोजि
महः᳓ पुरू᳓णि सात᳓ये व᳓सूनि
आ᳓द् ईं वि᳓श्वा नहुषि᳓याणि जाता᳓
सु᳓वर्षाता व᳓न ऊर्ध्वा᳓ नवन्त

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ayoji ← √yuj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

bhuriṣā́ṭ ← bhuriṣáh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

īm ← īm (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

ráthaḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sáḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

maháḥ ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

purū́ṇi ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

sātáye ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

vásūni ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ā́t ← ā́t (invariable)

īm ← īm (invariable)

jātā́ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

nahuṣyā̀ṇi ← nahuṣyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

navanta ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}

svàrṣātā ← svàrṣāti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

ūrdhvā́ ← ūrdhvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

váne ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

सः । ई॒मिति॑ । रथः॑ । न । भु॒रि॒षाट् । अ॒यो॒जि॒ । म॒हः । पु॒रूणि॑ । सा॒तये॑ । वसू॑नि ।
आत् । ई॒मिति॑ । विश्वा॑ । न॒हु॒ष्या॑णि । जा॒ता । स्वः॑ऽसाता । वने॑ । ऊ॒र्ध्वा । न॒व॒न्त॒ ॥

• sa ← saḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• ratho ← rathaḥ ← ratha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• bhūriṣāﾱ ← bhūriṣāh
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• ayoji ← yuj
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• mahaḥ ← maha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “great; abundant.”

• purūṇi ← puru
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “many; much(a); very.”

• sātaye ← sāti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• vasūni ← vasu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

• ād ← āt
• [adverb]
• “then.”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• nahuṣyāṇi ← nahuṣya
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter

• jātā ← jāta
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “kind; object; descendant; kin; being; reincarnation.”

• svarṣātā ← svarṣāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine

• vana ← vane ← vana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• ūrdhvā ← ūrdhva
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “upper; up(a); upper; upward; erect; more(a); raised; ūrdhva [word]; acclivitous; overturned; loud; eminent; high.”

• navanta ← nū
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “praise; shout.”

स ईं सोऽयं सोमः भुरिषाट् भूरिभारस्य सोढा रथो न रथ इव भुरिषाट् प्रभूतस्य भारस्य सोढा अयोजि युज्यते । कीदृशः सः । महः महान् । किमर्थमयोजि । पुरूणि बहूनि वसूनि धनानि सातये अस्मभ्यं दातुम् । आदीं योगानन्तरं विश्वा विश्वानि सर्वाणि नहुष्याणि । नहुषो मनुष्याः । तेषां संबन्धीनि जाता जातान्यस्मद्विरोधीनि ऊर्ध्वा उन्मुखानि वने वननीये स्वर्षाता स्वर्षातौ । संग्रामनामैतत् । स्वर्गलाभयुक्ते संग्रामे नवन्त गच्छन्तु । नवतिर्गतिकर्मा । यद्वा। सोमं संग्रामे युद्धार्थिनः संगच्छन्ति ॥

English translation:

“It has been harnessed like a great wagon that bears heavy burdens in order to bring us many treasures; after this may all the races of men expecting our (attack) go to the desirable battle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

After this: i.e., after harnessing of the wagon. ūrdhvā = asmād virodhād unmukhāni;

Svarṣātā = locative of svarṣāti, ’that which is fitted for the attainment of heaven, i.e., battle

It has been yoked, like a chariot that conquers much, as the great one to win many goods.
Therefore, all creatures stemming from Nahus, standing upright beside the wood(en cup), roar at him at the winning of the sun.

kavyaíḥ… nahuṣyèbhiḥ, where it refers to poets. That interpr. would fit the context here as well, since the Nahusian creatures are roaring at the soma on the ritual ground.

Like a capacious car hath it been harnessed, the Mighty; to acquire abundant treasures.
Then in the sacrifice they celebrated all triumphs won by Nahus -n the battle.

Er ward wie ein vielbezwingender Streitwagen angeschirrt, der Große, um viele Schätze zu gewinnen. Dann schreien ihm alle nahusischen Geschlechter zu im Kampf um das Sonnenlicht, bei der Holzkufe aufrecht stehend.

Vielfassend wie ein Wagen ist geschirrt er, der grosse, viele Güter zu gewinnen, Nun mögen zu ihm aller Menschen Stämme zur Glückserlangung nahn wie Bäume ragend.

Это он был запряжен как колесница, покоряющая многих,
Великий, для захвата многих благ.
А после все существа, происходящие от Нахуша,
Зашумели, чтобы он захватил солнце, (стоя) прямо в деревянном сосуде.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (स इं) यह सोम (रथो न) गतिशील विद्युदादि पदार्थों के समान (भुरिषाट्) सबको गति करानेवाला है और सब पदार्थों को उत्पत्ति समय में (अयोजि) मिलाता है। (पुरूणि वसूनि) बहुत से धनों को (सातये) सुख देने के लिये (आदीं) निश्चय जो (नहुष्याणि) मनुष्यत्व के योग्य हैं, उनको देता है (वने स्वर्षाता) संग्राम में (विश्वा) जो बहुत से (जाताः) शत्रु उत्पन्न हो गये हैं, वे (ऊर्ध्वा नवन्त) नीचे हों॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा हमको अनन्त प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य्य प्रदान करे और हमारे अन्यायकारी प्रतिपक्षियों को दूर करे॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः, ईं) सोऽयं सोमः (रथः, न) गतिशीलविद्युदादिपदार्था इव (भुरिषाट्) सर्वगतिकारकोऽस्ति अपि च सर्वपदार्थानुत्पत्तिसमये (अयोजि) सम्मिश्रयति। (पुरूणि, वसूनि) बहूनि धनानि (सातये) सुखं दातुं (आत्, ईं) निश्चयेन यः (नहुष्याणि) मनुष्ययोग्योऽस्ति तस्मै ददाति। (वने, स्वर्षाता) सङ्ग्रामे (विश्वा) बहवः (जाताः) येऽरय उत्पन्नाः (ऊर्ध्वा, नवन्त) ते ऊर्ध्वपदात् नीचैर्भवन्तु॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

वायु᳓र् न᳓ यो᳓ नियु᳓त्वाँ इष्ट᳓यामा
ना᳓सत्येव ह᳓व आ᳓ श᳓म्भविष्ठः
विश्व᳓वारो द्रविणोदा᳓ इव त्म᳓न्
पूषा᳓ इव धीज᳓वनो ऽसि सोम

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
iṣṭáyāmā ← iṣṭáyāman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

niyútvān ← niyútvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vāyúḥ ← vāyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

háve ← háva- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

nā́satyā ← nā́satya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

śámbhaviṣṭhaḥ ← śámbhaviṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

draviṇodā́ḥ ← draviṇodā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

tmán ← tmán- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvávāraḥ ← viśvávāra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dhījávanaḥ ← dhījávana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

pūṣā́ ← pūṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

वा॒युः । न । यः । नि॒युत्वा॑न् । इ॒ष्टऽया॑मा । नास॑त्याऽइव । हवे॑ । आ । शम्ऽभ॑विष्ठः ।
वि॒श्वऽवा॑रः । द्र॒वि॒णो॒दाःऽइ॑व । त्मन् । पू॒षाऽइ॑व । धी॒ऽजव॑नः । अ॒सि॒ । सो॒म॒ ॥

• vāyur ← vāyuḥ ← vāyu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “wind; Vayu; vāta; prāṇa (coll.); air; air; fart; breath; northwest; draft; vāyu [word]; Vāyu; Marut.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• niyutvāṃ ← niyutvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• iṣṭayāmā ← iṣṭa ← iṣ
• [verb noun]
• “desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

• iṣṭayāmā ← yāmā ← yāman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “expedition; path; expedition; arrival.”

• nāsatyeva ← nāsatyā ← nāsatya
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; nāsatya [word].”

• nāsatyeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• hava ← have ← hava
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “invocation.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• śambhaviṣṭhaḥ ← śambhaviṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• viśvavāro ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvavāro ← vāraḥ ← vāra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “treasure; choice.”

• draviṇodā ← draviṇaḥ ← draviṇas
• [noun], neuter
• “property.”

• draviṇodā ← dāḥ ← dā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “giving.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• tman
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “self.”

• pūṣeva ← pūṣā ← pūṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Pushan; pūṣan [word]; sun.”

• pūṣeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• dhījavano ← dhī
• [noun], feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• dhījavano ← javanaḥ ← javana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fleet; stimulating.”

• ‘si ← asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

यः सोमः नियुत्वान् । नियुतो वायोरश्वाः । तद्वान् वायुर्न वायुरिव इष्टयामा इष्टगमनः । नासत्येव अश्विनाविव हवम् आह्वानमाकर्ण्य आ सर्वतः शंभविष्ठः सुखस्य भावयितृतमः । द्रविणोदाइव धनदातेव’ त्मन् आत्मनि विश्ववारः विश्वैर्वरणीयो भवति तद्वद्विश्ववारोऽसि । पूषेव पोषकः सवितेव धीजवनः मनोवेगः असि । यद्वा कर्मणां प्रवर्तयितासि हे सोम ॥

English translation:

“You, Soma, who like Vāyu with his Niyut steeds go where you list, who like the Nāsatyās on hearing the invocation do grant abundant felicity, you are of yourself desired by all like the giver of wealth, you are like Pūṣan, swift as thought.”

You, who like Vāyu with his team maintain your desired course, who like the Nāsatyas are most availing at a summons,
who like the Treasure-Giver in person bring all desirable things—like Pūṣan you give speed to insight, o Soma.

Both Geldner and Renou take iṣtá- in the cmpd. iṣtá-yāman- as belonging to the root √iṣ ‘send’ (e.g., “[d]er seine Fahrt beeilt” and see Geldner’s n. 3a). But as Oldenberg (ZDMG 62 [1908] 473-74) points out, we should then expect *iṣitá-yāman-. (Like me, Oldenberg attributes iṣṭá- here to √iṣ ‘seek, desire’, though his interpr. of the cmpd. differs from mine.) The parallel passages with iṣṭáye in conjunction with √yā that Geldner adduces in his n. (and others he doesn’t cite) all belong, in my opinion, to ‘seek, desire’, not ‘send’.

Like Vayu with his team, moving at pleasure, most gracious when invoked like both Nasatyas,
Thou art thyself like the Wealth-Giver, Soma! who grants all boons, like song-inspiring Pusan.

Der seine Fahrt beeilt wie Vayu mit dem Vielgespann, wie die Nasatya´s am entgegenkommendsten bei dem Anruf; allbegehrt wie Dravinodas selbst, wie Pusan bist du, Soma, ein Gedankenerwecker.

Wie Vaju, der mit Vielgespann nach Wunsch fährt, wie’s Ritterpaar, beim Ruf zum Heile eilend, Wie Schätzespender, reich an allen Gütern, wie Puschan bist du, Soma, Andacht weckend.

Кто, как Ваю, снабженный упряжками, словно Насатьи,
Спешащие при выезде, самый благосклонный к призыву,
Обладатель всего лучшего, как сам Дравинодас, –
Ты, о сома, возбуждаешь поэтическую мысль, словно Пушан.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो सोम (वायुर्न) वायु के समान (नियुत्वान्) वेगवाला है, (इष्टयामा) स्वेच्छाचारी गमनवाला है और (नासत्येव) विद्युत् के समान (शम्भविष्ठः) अत्यन्त सुख के देनेवाला है। (विश्ववारः) सबके वरण करने योग्य है। (पूषेव) पूषा के समान पोषक है। (सवितेव, धीजवनः असि) सूर्य्य के समान मनोरूप वेगवाला है। उक्त गुणसम्पन्न हे सोम ! आप हमारी रक्षा करें॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में पूर्वोक्त गुणसम्पन्न परमात्मा से यह प्रार्थना है कि हे परमात्मन् ! आप हमारे अन्तःकरण को शुद्ध करें॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) यः सोमः (वायुः, न) पवन इव (नियुत्वान्) वेगवान्, (इष्टयामा) स्वेच्छया गमनशीलः, (नासत्येव) विद्युदिव (शम्भविष्ठः) अतिशयसुखदायकः, (विश्ववारः) निखिल-वरणीयः, (पूषेव) पूषेव पोषकः (सवितेव, धीजवनः, असि) सूर्य्यसमानो मनोवेगवाँश्चासि। हे उक्तगुणसम्पन्न सोम ! त्वं मा पाहि॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

इ᳓न्द्रो न᳓ यो᳓ महा᳓ क᳓र्माणि च᳓क्रिर्
हन्ता᳓ वृत्रा᳓णाम् असि सोम पूर्भि᳓त्
पैद्वो᳓ न᳓ हि᳓ त्व᳓म् अ᳓हिनाम्नां
हन्ता᳓ वि᳓श्वस्य असि सोम द᳓स्योः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
cákriḥ ← cákri- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kármāṇi ← kárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

mahā́ ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hantā́ ← hantár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pūrbhít ← pūrbhíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥trā́ṇām ← vr̥trá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:PL}

áhināmnām ← áhināman- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:PL}

hí ← hí (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

paidváḥ ← paidvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dásyoḥ ← dásyu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

hantā́ ← hantár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

víśvasya ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

इन्द्रः॑ । न । यः । म॒हा । कर्मा॑णि । चक्रिः॑ । ह॒न्ता । वृ॒त्राणा॑म् । अ॒सि॒ । सो॒म॒ । पूः॒ऽभित् ।
पै॒द्वः । न । हि । त्वम् । अहि॑ऽनाम्नाम् । ह॒न्ता । विश्व॑स्य । अ॒सि॒ । सो॒म॒ । दस्योः॑ ॥

• indro ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• mahā ← maha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “great; abundant.”

• karmāṇi ← karman
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “action; saṃskāra; ritual; procedure; karman; treatment; object; function; production; job; operation; karman [word]; act; job; passive voice; activity; consequence; function; yajña; pañcakarman; cooking; occupation; profession; construction; duty; method; natural process; duty; therapy.”

• cakrir ← cakriḥ ← cakri
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “doing; active.”

• hantā ← hantṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killer; curative; killing; removing; destroyer.”

• vṛtrāṇām ← vṛtra
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pūrbhit ← pūḥ ← pur
• [noun], feminine
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• pūrbhit ← bhid
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• paidvo ← paidvaḥ ← paidva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• ahināmnāṃ ← ahi
• [noun], masculine
• “snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”

• ahināmnāṃ ← nāmnām ← nāman
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”

• hantā ← hantṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killer; curative; killing; removing; destroyer.”

• viśvasyāsi ← viśvasya ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvasyāsi ← asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• dasyoḥ ← dasyu
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “savage; outcast; mugger.”

इन्द्रो न इन्द्र इव यः त्वं महा महान्ति कर्माणि चक्रिः ताच्छील्येन करोषि स त्वं हे सोम वृत्राणां शत्रूणां हन्ता असि भवसि । तथा पूर्भित् पुरां भेत्तासि । किंच पैद्वो न अश्व इव खलु अहिनाम्नां हन्ता भवसि । आगत्य हन्तीत्यहिः । तन्नामकानामित्यर्थः । न केवलं तेषामेव अपि तु विश्वस्य अपि सर्वस्यापि दस्योः उपक्षपयितुः शत्रोर्हन्ता असि ॥

English translation:

“You, Soma, who like Indra perform mighty acts, are the slayer of the Vṛtras, the destroyer of those who are called serpents; you are the slayer of every Dasyu.”

You, who like Indra are a doer of great deeds, are a stronghold-splitting smiter of obstacles, Soma.
Because, like Pedu’s (horse), (you are the smiter) of those with serpents’ names, you are the smiter of every Dasyu, Soma.

In order to connect the comparison with Indra more clearly to the whole vs., I would now be inclined to tr. “Like Indra, who is the doer of great deeds, you are are a stronghold-splitting smiter of obstacles,” though this now makes it less clear that Soma is being compared to Indra also in his general capacity of doer of deeds. The Sanskrit is more forgiving.

Pāda c is metrically defective; see esp. Oldenberg for disc. After suggesting, and rejecting, various fixes, he considers the possibility that the pāda ended with hantā́, which was redactionally eliminated by word haplology, since the next pāda begins with hantā́. This would get us the proper syllable count, though, as Oldenberg notes, the cadence would be bad, in that the antepenult would be heavy: … áhināmnāṃ

*hantā́#. Despite the problem of the cadence, this seems like the most attractive solution, and I would now slightly alter the tr. to “Because, like Pedu’s (horse) (you are) *the smiter of those with serpents’ names, you are the smiter of every Dasyu.” On the serpent-smiting horse that the Aśvins gave Pedu, one of their clients, see I.117.9, 188.9. Unfortunately this is all we know about the horse’s exploits.

Like Indra who hath done great deeds, thou, Soma, art slayer of the Vrtras, Fort-destroyer.
Like Pedu’s horse who killed the brood of serpents, thus thou, O Soma, slayest every Dasyu.

Wie Indra, der ein Vollbringer großer Taten, bist du der Töter der Feinde, der Burgenbrecher, Soma. Wie das Paidvaroß bist du ja ein Töter all dessen, was Schlange heißt, du bist ein Töter jedes Dasyu, o Soma.

Dem Indra gleich, der grosse Thaten ausführt, zerschlägst die Feinde, Soma, du und Burgen; Die Schlangenbrut wie Pedu’s Ross vertilgst du, und jeden Bösen tödtest du, o Soma.

Кто, как Индра, свершитель великих дел, –
Ты, о сома, убийца врагов, проломитель крепостей.
Ведь словно (конь) Педу, ты убийца носящих имя змеи,
Всякого дасью, о сома.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो सोम (इन्द्रो न) इन्द्र के समान (महाकर्म्माणि) बड़े-बड़े कर्म्मों को (चक्रिः) करता है। (वृत्राणां हन्ता असि) अज्ञानों के तुम हनन करनेवाले हो। (सोम) हे सोम ! (पूर्भित्) अज्ञानरूपी ग्रन्थियों को भेदन करनेवाले हो (पैद्वो, न) और विद्युत् के समान (अहिनाम्नां) अन्धकारों के (हन्ता) हनन करनेवाले हो। (विश्वस्य दस्योः) सम्पूर्ण दस्युओं के आप (हन्ता, असि) हनन करनेवाले हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सबप्रकार के अज्ञानों का नाश करनेवाला है। उसकी कृपा से उपासक में ऐसा प्रभाव उत्पन्न होता है, जिससे वह विद्युत् के समान तेजस्वी बनकर विरोधी शक्तियों का दलन करता है॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) योऽयं सोमः (इन्द्रः, न) इन्द्रतुल्यः (महाकर्म्माणि) महतां कर्म्मणां (चक्रिः) कारकोऽस्ति। (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (वृत्राणां, हन्ता, असि) त्वमज्ञानानां नाशकोऽसि। (पूर्भित्) अज्ञानग्रन्थिभेदकोऽसि। (पैद्वः, न) विद्युदिव त्वं (अहिनाम्नां) तमसां (हन्ता) घातकश्चासि। (विश्वस्य, दस्योः) त्वं निखिलदस्यूनां (हन्ता, असि) हननकर्तासि॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अग्नि᳓र् न᳓ यो᳓ व᳓न आ᳓ सृज्य᳓मानो
वृ᳓था पा᳓जांसि कृणुते नदी᳓षु
ज᳓नो न᳓ यु᳓ध्वा महत᳓ उपब्दि᳓र्
इ᳓यर्ति सो᳓मः प᳓वमान ऊर्मि᳓म्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

agníḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sr̥jyámānaḥ ← √sr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

váne ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇute ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

nadī́ṣu ← nadī́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

pā́jāṁsi ← pā́jas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)

jánaḥ ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mahatáḥ ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

upabdíḥ ← upabdí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yúdhvā ← yúdhvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

íyarti ← √r̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ūrmím ← ūrmí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒ग्निः । न । यः । वने॑ । आ । सृ॒ज्यमा॑नः । वृथा॑ । पाजां॑सि । कृ॒णु॒ते॒ । न॒दीषु॑ ।
जनः॑ । न । युध्वा॑ । म॒ह॒तः । उ॒प॒ब्दिः । इय॑र्ति । सोमः॑ । पव॑मानः । ऊ॒र्मिम् ॥

• agnir ← agniḥ ← agni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• vana ← vane ← vana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• sṛjyamāno ← sṛjyamānaḥ ← sṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• pājāṃsi ← pājas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “luminosity; look.”

• kṛṇute ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• nadīṣu ← nadī
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”

• jano ← janaḥ ← jana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yudhvā ← yudhvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “warlike; soldierly.”

• mahata ← mahataḥ ← mahat
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• upabdir ← upabdiḥ ← upabdi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “trample.”

• iyarti ← ṛch
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pavamāna ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ūrmim ← ūrmi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wave; billow.”

अग्निर्न अग्निरिव यः सोमः वने अरण्ये आ सृज्यमानः वनसंबन्ध्यग्निर्यथा बलानि कुरुते’ एवं यः सोमः वृथा अनायासेन नदीषु आन्तरिक्षाणि पाजांसि कृणुते कुरुते । किंच युध्वा युद्धस्य कत जनो न शूरो मनुष्य इव महतः शत्रोः उपब्दिः । वाङ्नामैतत् । शब्दयिता सन् पवमानः पूयमानः सोमः ऊर्मिं प्रवृद्धं रसम् इयर्ति प्रेरयति ॥

English translation:

“Soma who, like Agni let loose in a forest, easily manifests his might in the waters like a man who fights shouting against his mighty (foe)– so Soma when purified urges on his wave.”

He who, like Agni in the wood, is being set loose in the wood(en cup), he deploys his full dimensions in the rivers at will.
Like people battling is the trampling of the great one. Self-purifying Soma raises a wave.

Because the finite verb kṛṇute in b is unaccented, the rel. cl. must be confined to pāda a, and this in turn means that sṛjyámānaḥ is a predicated pres.

participle. On the phrase in pāda b, see comm. ad IX.76.1.

The loc. váne must be read twice, in both simile and frame, with different senses. Just as Agni/fire is set loose in the firewood, Soma is set loose in the wooden cup.

Like Agni loosed amid the forest, fiercely he winneth splendour in the running waters.
Like one who fights, the roaring of the mighty, thus Soma Pavamana sends his current.

Der wie Agni auf das Holz losgelassen wird, er nimmt nach Belieben in den Flüssen seine Formen an. Wie eines kampfgerüsteten Volkes ist der Taktschritt des Großen; der sich klärende Soma treibt die Welle empor.

Wie Agni, welcher auf das Holz sich stürzet, erregt er rasch in Strömen seinen Schimmer, Wie eines Kriegers ist des grossen Toben, die Welle hebt empor der Soma flammend.

Он охотно принимает (разные) формы в реках,
Когда его, как Агни, выливают в деревянный сосуд.
Топот великого (сомы) – словно (шагает) воинственный народ;
Сома-Павамана поднимает волну.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो सोम (सृज्यमानः अग्निर्न) उत्पन्न की हुई अग्नि के समान (वने) वन में (पाजांसि) बलों को (वृथा कृणुते) व्यर्थ कर देता है। (नदीषु) अन्तरिक्षों में (पाजांसि) जल के बलों को (वृथा कृणुते) व्यर्थ कर देता है। (जनो न) जिस प्रकार मनुष्य (युद्ध्वा) युद्ध करके (महत उपब्दिः) बड़ा शब्द करता हुआ (इयर्ति) प्रेरणा करता है, इसी प्रकार (पवमानः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाला (सोमः) सोम (ऊर्म्मिम्) आनन्द की लहरों को बहाता है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अग्नि जिस प्रकार सब तेजों को तिरस्कृत करके अपने में मिला लेता है अर्थात् विद्युदादि तेज जैसे अन्य तुच्छ तेजों को तिरस्कृत कर देता है, इसी प्रकार परमात्मा के समक्ष सब तेज तुच्छ हैं अर्थात् परमात्मा ही सब ज्योतियों की ज्योति होने से स्वयंज्योति है॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) यः सोमः (सृज्यमानः, अग्निः, न) उत्पन्नाग्निरिव (वने) अरण्ये (पाजांसि) बलानि (वृथा, कृणुते) व्यर्थयति। (नदीषु) अन्तरिक्षेषु (पाजांसि) जलबलानि (वृथा, कृणुते) व्यर्थयति। (जनः, न) यथा नरः (युद्ध्वा) युद्धं कृत्वा (महतः, उपब्दिः) महाशब्दं कुर्वन् (इयर्ति) प्रेरयति। एवमेव (पवमानः) सर्वपावकः (सोमः) परमात्मा (ऊर्मिं) आनन्दतरङ्गान् वाहयति॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

एते᳓ सो᳓मा अ᳓ति वा᳓राणि अ᳓व्या
दिविया᳓ न᳓ को᳓शासो अभ्र᳓वर्षाः
वृ᳓था समुद्रं᳓ सि᳓न्धवो न᳓ नी᳓चीः
सुता᳓सो अभि᳓ कल᳓शाँ असृग्रन्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áti ← áti (invariable)

ávyā ← ávya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

eté ← eṣá (pronoun)

sómāḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vā́rāṇi ← vā́ra- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

abhrávarṣāḥ ← abhrávarṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

divyā́ḥ ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

kóśāsaḥ ← kóśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

nī́cīḥ ← nyàñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

samudrám ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

asr̥gran ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

kaláśān ← kaláśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

sutā́saḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

ए॒ते । सोमाः॑ । अति॑ । वारा॑णि । अव्या॑ । दि॒व्या । न । कोशा॑सः । अ॒भ्रऽव॑र्षाः ।
वृथा॑ । स॒मु॒द्रम् । सिन्ध॑वः । न । नीचीः॑ । सु॒तासः॑ । अ॒भि । क॒लशा॑न् । अ॒सृ॒ग्र॒न् ॥

• ete ← etad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• somā ← somāḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• vārāṇy ← vārāṇi ← vāra
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “strainer.”

• avyā ← avya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter

• divyā ← divyāḥ ← divya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• kośāso ← kośāsaḥ ← kośa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “treasury; sheath; Kośa; scrotum; bud; vessel; kośa [word]; treasure; calyx; container; bucket; box.”

• abhravarṣāḥ ← abhra
• [noun], neuter
• “abhra; cloud; sky; abhra [word]; cumulonimbus; mica; air; cloudiness.”

• abhravarṣāḥ ← varṣāḥ ← varṣa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “year; rain; year; shower; varṣa; monsoon; varṣa [word]; age; cloud; India.”

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• samudraṃ ← samudram ← samudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• sindhavo ← sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• nīcīḥ ← nyāñc
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine

• sutāso ← sutāsaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “press out; su.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• kalaśāṃ ← kalaśa
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “jar.”

• asṛgran ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

एते पूयमानाः सोमाः अव्या अविमयानि वाराणि वालानि अति गच्छन्तीति शेषः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । दिव्या न कोशासः दिवि भवाः कोशा आप इव । ता विशेष्यन्ते । अभ्रवर्षाः अभ्रैर्वृष्यमाणाः । किंच वृथा अनायासेन समुद्रं सिन्धवो न नद्य इव नीचीः नीचीनाग्राः सुतासः अभिषुताः सोमाः कलशान् अभि असृग्रन् अभिगच्छन्ति ॥

English translation:

“These Soma-juices pass through the woollen fleece, like the rains of heaven showered by the clouds; the effused juices flow promptly to the pitchers as rivers running downwards (flow) into the ocean.”

These soma juices have surged across the sheep’s fleeces—they are like the heavenly buckets that hold the rain from clouds—
toward the tubs at will when pressed, like rivers downward to the sea.

The simile in b is somewhat odd. It is in the nom. pl., and its comparandum should therefore be the soma juices (eté sómāḥ) in pāda a. But the sense of the simile, “like heavenly buckets” (divyā́ná kóśāsaḥ), doesn’t fit the soma juices, but rather the containers that hold the soma liquid. When the word kóśa- is used in ritual context, it refers to a bucket or cask, towards which the soma is generally moving. I therefore think that the comparison here is between the heavenly kóśa- and the sheep’s fleece filters in pāda a, from which the soma drips as if from a cloud. The third word of the simile, abhrá-varṣāḥ “possessing/holding the rain from clouds,” is the clue: soma is regularly compared to rain (see, e.g., Ober II.40-42) esp. as it comes off the filter, but here the comparison is to containers that are the source of rain. If this analysis is correct, a syntactic problem arises: the simile should be acc. pl. matching vā́rāṇy ávyā. I suggest that pāda b is parenthetical, that it does refer to the fleece filters, and that the fact that the latter is neut. facilitated the switch to the nominative parenthesis.

The simile in c also has a slight twist, but is hardly as problematical as b. The simile particle here is positioned late, assuming that the simile consists of samudráṃ síndhavo ná nī́cīḥ “like rivers downward to the sea,” with samudrám corresponding to kaláśān in d. However, because samudrá- is regularly used in soma hymns as a (perhaps faded) metaphor for the waters that the soma enters, it may be that samudrám is not felt to be part of the simile here. Cf. the parallel passage IX.64.17 vṛ́thā samudrám índavaḥ / ágman “The drops have come at will to the sea,” without overt simile marking.

These Somas passing through the fleecy filter, like rain descending from the clouds of heaven,
Have been effused and poured into the beakers, swiftly like rivers running lowly seaward.

Diese Somasäfte haben sich über die Schafhaare wie die himmlischen Kufen, die den Wolkenregen geben, nach Lust wie die abwärts gehenden Ströme zum Meere in die Krüge ergossen, wenn sie ausgepreßt sind.

Ergossen sind die Soma’s durch die Wolle, wie Himmels Eimer, die aus Wolken regnen, Wie Ströme, die zum Meere lustig rinnen, die Somasäfte in die Trinkgefässe.

Эти соки сомы пере(секают) сито из овечьей шерсти,
Словно небесные сосуды, изливающие дождь из тучи.
Охотно, словно реки – низинами в море,
Стекли в кувшины выжатые соки.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एते सोमाः) उक्त परमात्मा के सोमादि गुण (वाराण्यव्या) वरणीय और रक्षणीय दिव्यादिव्य पदार्थों को (कोशासः) पात्रों को (अभ्रवर्षाः, न) मेघ की वर्षा के समान परिपूर्ण कर देते हैं और (वृथा) जैसे अनायास से ही (समुद्रं) अन्तरिक्ष को (सिन्धवः) स्यन्दनशील प्रकृति के सत्त्वादिक गुण प्राप्त होते हैं, इसी प्रकार (नीचीर्न) नीचाई की ओर (सुतासः) आविर्भाव को प्राप्त हुए गुण (कलशान्) शुद्ध अन्तःकरणों की (अभि, असृग्रन्) ओर भली-भाँति गमन करते हैं॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिन पुरुषों का अन्तःकरण पवित्र है, अर्थात् जिन्होंने श्रवण, मनन तथा निदिध्यासन द्वारा अपने अन्तःकरणों को शुद्ध किया है, परमात्मा के ज्ञान का प्रवाह उनके अन्तःकरणों की ओर स्वतः ही प्रवाहित होता है॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एते, सोमाः) उक्तपरमात्मानः सोमादिगुणाः (वाराणि, अव्या) वरणीयान् रक्षणीयाञ्च सर्वदिव्यपदार्थान् (कोशासः) पात्राणि च (अभ्रवर्षाः, न) मेघस्य वर्षा इव परिपूर्णयन्ति। अपि च (वृथा) यथाऽनायासेनैव (समुद्रं) अन्तरिक्षं (सिन्धवः) स्यन्दनशीलप्रकृतेः सत्त्वादिगुणाः प्राप्नुवन्ति, तथैव (नीचीः, न) निम्नाभिमुखं (सुतासः) आविर्भावं प्राप्नुवन्तो गुणाः (कलशान्) शुद्धान्तःकरणानि (अभि, असृग्रन्) सर्वथा गच्छन्ति॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

शुष्मी᳓ श᳓र्धो न᳓ मा᳓रुतम् पवस्व
अ᳓नभिशस्ता दिविया᳓ य᳓था वि᳓ट्
आ᳓पो न᳓ मक्षू᳓ सुमति᳓र् भवा नः
सह᳓स्राप्साः पृतनाषा᳓ण् न᳓ यज्ञः᳓

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
mā́rutam ← mā́ruta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śárdhaḥ ← śárdhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śuṣmī́ ← śuṣmín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ánabhiśastā ← ánabhiśasta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

divyā́ ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

víṭ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

yáthā ← yáthā (invariable)

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

bhava ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

makṣú ← makṣú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

sumatíḥ ← sumatí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

pr̥tanāṣā́ṭ ← pr̥tanāṣáh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sahásrāpsāḥ ← sahásrāpsas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yajñáḥ ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

शु॒ष्मी । शर्धः॑ । न । मारु॑तम् । प॒व॒स्व॒ । अन॑भिऽशस्ता । दि॒व्या । यथा॑ । विट् ।
आपः॑ । न । म॒क्षु । सु॒ऽम॒तिः । भ॒व॒ । नः॒ । स॒हस्र॑ऽअप्साः । पृ॒त॒ना॒षाट् । न । य॒ज्ञः ॥

• śuṣmī ← śuṣmin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “strong; hotheaded.”

• śardho ← śardhaḥ ← śardhas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “troop.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• mārutam ← māruta
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “Marut(a).”

• pavasvānabhiśastā ← pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• pavasvānabhiśastā ← anabhiśastā ← anabhiśasta
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• divyā ← divya
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

• viṭ ← viś
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• āpo ← āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• makṣū
• [adverb]
• “promptly; soon; quickly.”

• sumatir ← sumatiḥ ← sumati
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• bhavā ← bhava ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• sahasrāpsāḥ ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasrāpsāḥ ← apsāḥ ← apsas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• pṛtanāṣāṇ ← pṛtanāṣāh
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yajñaḥ ← yajña
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

हे सोम शुष्मी । शुष्मं बलं शोषणात् । बलवांस्त्वं मारुतं शर्धो न मरुतां बलमिव पवस्व । तत्र दृष्टान्तमेव स्पष्टयति । यथा दिव्या विट् प्रजा अनभिशस्ता । अभिशासो निन्दा । अनिन्दिता पवते । ‘ मरुतो वै देवानां विशः ‘(तै. सं. २. २. ५, ७) इति हि ब्राह्मणम् । किंच आपो न उदकानीव मक्षु क्षिप्रं पवमानस्त्वं सुमतिः भव नः अस्माकम् । किंच सहस्राप्साः। अप्स इति रूपनाम । बहुरूपस्त्वं पृतनाषाट् पृतनानामभिभवितेन्द्र इव यज्ञः यष्टव्यो भवसीति ॥

English translation:

“Flow strong as the army of the Maruts, like the divine blameless folk; like waters become quickly favourable to us; (you are) of a thousand shapes, adorable like (Indra) the victor in battle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The divine blameless folk: i.e., the Maruts: maruto vai devānām viśaḥ (Taittirīya Saṃhitā 2.2.5.7)

Tempestuous like the troop of Maruts, purify yourself, impervious to calumny like that heavenly clan.
Quickly become benevolence for us, having a thousand ripples like the waters, like a sacrifice that conquers in battles.

Geldner and Renou take the simile in c to be ā́po ná makṣū́(Geldner: “rasch wie das Wasser”), but makṣū́is an adverb, and so the simile would not be well formed. Renou deals with this problem by supplying a participle, “(agissant) promptement comme les eaux.” I take makṣū́rather with the imperatival clause that follows: sumatír bhavā naḥ. It is worth noting that makṣū́is almost always initial, and if we detach the simile ā́po ná it could be so here as well.

So what quality of Soma’s is being compared to that of the waters? I take it to be sahásrāpsāḥ, which opens pāda b, a word whose meaning is not transparent. Sāyaṇa. glosses it pururūpaḥ ‘having many forms’, which is featureless enough to qualify almost anything; Geldner and Renou follow him. But ápsas- means ‘breast’, and the cmpd dīrghā́psas- (I.122.15), modifying a chariot, is generally rendered by ‘having a long front’ - presumably a long forward projection. Our cmpd is rendered in EWA [s.v. ápsas-] as ‘tausendfrontig’, but it is hard to conjure up a such a picture, particularly with reference to soma, much less the waters. More promising is the context in which the two independent forms of ápsas- (I.124.7, V.80.6) are found. (The third form usually grouped here, found in VIII.45.5 girā́v ápsaḥ, is better segmented as girā́ vápsaḥ; see comm. ad loc.) Both passages have a female as subject, with the VP ní riṇīte ápsaḥ “she lets her breast spill over,” describing a young woman (/Dawn) displaying her charms. Here the breast is conceptually a liquid, and it seems to refer to the pliant flesh, breast tissue, that spills out of her garment (a metaphor alive in 21st c. US). Starting from this picture of a liquid or liquified breast, I suggest that - apsas- in our cmpd. refers to forward projections, esp. those that could appear in a liquid - in short, ripples - which fits both the waters and the soma reasonably well.

The final simile of the vs., “like a sacrifice that conquers in battle” (pṛtanāṣā́ṇ ná yajñáḥ) is unusual; the other 8 occurrences of the cmpd. pṛtanāṣā́h- qualify gods, the qualities of gods, or a hero. However, the purport of the simile is not difficult to construct: if we mortals perform the sacrifice correctly, it will attract and gratify the gods, particularly Indra, who will provide the divine aid needed to prevail in battle.

Note that pṛtanāṣā́ṭ forms a ring with bhuriṣā́ṭ in 2a.

The retroflex initial of -ṣā́h- in this cmpd is the result of the assimilation of -sto the retroflex final in the nom. sg. -ṣā́ṭ; see Schindler (Rt. Nouns p. 48): 5 of the 9 forms of this cmpd are nom. sg. The retroflex is then spread throughout the paradigm (acc. sg. 3x, gen. sg. 1x) and also into the deriv. pṛtanāṣā́ya- (III.37.1). On the variable length of the root syllable in the oblique (-ṣā́ham 1x, -ṣáham, -as 3x), see Scarlatta (612-13).

Flow onward like the potent band of Maruts, like that Celestial Host whom none revileth.
Quickly be gracious unto us like waters, like sacrifice victorious, thousand-fashioned.

Ungestüm wie das Heer der Marut läutere dich, unbescholten wie der himmlische Clan, rasch wie das Wasser; sei uns wohlgesinnt, tausendgestaltig wie das Schlachten gewinnende Opfer!

O riesle feurig, wie die Schar der Maruts, unangefochten wie das Heer des Himmels Und wie Gewässer sei uns schnell gewogen, wie’s Opfer, tausend nährend, Schlacht gewinnend.

Очищайся, словно неистовая толпа Марутова,
Как беспорочное небесное племя.
Быстрый, как воды, будь расположен к нам,
С тысячей обликов, подобный жертве, дающей победу над вражеским войском.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शुष्मी) सबको शोषण करने के कारण परमात्मा का नाम शुष्मी है। हे बलस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (मारुतं) विद्वानों के गण को (शर्धो न) बल के समान (पवस्व) आप पवित्र करें। (यथा) जैसे (दिव्या, विट्) दिव्य प्रजाओं का (अनभिशस्ता) सुख देनेवाला राजा पवित्र होता है, इसी प्रकार (आपो न) सत्कर्मों के समान (मक्षु) शीघ्र (सुमतिः भव) हमारे लिये सुमति उत्पन्न करें। (सहस्राप्साः) अनन्त शक्तियोंवाले आप (पृतनाषाट्) अनाचारियों को युद्ध में नाश करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! (यज्ञो न) आप हमारे लिये यज्ञ के समान हो॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा का बल सब बलों में से मुख्य है, इसीलिये “य आत्मदा बलदा यस्य विश्व उषासते” ऋ.। मं.। १०। २१। २ इत्यादि मन्त्रों में जिसको सर्वोपरि बलस्वरूप कथन किया गया है, वह हमको बल प्रदान करे॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शुष्मी) “सर्वशोषणात् परमात्मनो नाम शुष्मी” हे बलस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (मारुतं) विदुषां गणान् (शर्धः, न) बलवत् (पवस्व) त्वं पवित्रय (यथा) येन प्रकारेण (दिव्या, विट्) दिव्यप्रजानां (अनभिशस्ता) सुखप्रदो राजा पूतो भवति। तथैव (आपः, न) सत्कर्मतुल्यः (मक्षु) शीघ्रं (सुमतिः, भव) मह्यं सुमतिमुत्पादय। (सहस्राप्साः) अनन्तशक्तिसम्पन्नस्त्वं (पृतनाषाट्) सङ्ग्रामेषु दुराचारिणान्नाशकर्त्तः परमात्मन् ! त्वं (यज्ञः, न) मह्यं यज्ञतुल्यो भव॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - उशनाः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

रा᳓ज्ञो नु᳓ ते व᳓रुणस्य व्रता᳓नि
बृह᳓द् गभीरं᳓ त᳓व सोम धा᳓म
शु᳓चिष् टुव᳓म् असि प्रियो᳓ न᳓ मित्रो᳓
दक्षा᳓यियो अर्यमे᳓वासि सोम

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
nú ← nú (invariable)

rā́jñaḥ ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

váruṇasya ← váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

vratā́ni ← vratá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

br̥hát ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dhā́ma ← dhā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

gabhīrám ← gabhīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mitráḥ ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

priyáḥ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śúciḥ ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

aryamā́ ← áryaman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dakṣā́yyaḥ ← dakṣā́yya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

राज्ञः॑ । नु । ते॒ । वरु॑णस्य । व्र॒तानि॑ । बृ॒हत् । ग॒भी॒रम् । तव॑ । सो॒म॒ । धाम॑ ।
शुचिः॑ । त्वम् । अ॒सि॒ । प्रि॒यः । न । मि॒त्रः । द॒क्षाय्यः॑ । अ॒र्य॒माऽइ॑व । अ॒सि॒ । सो॒म॒ ॥

• rājño ← rājñaḥ ← rājan
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• varuṇasya ← varuṇa
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

• vratāni ← vrata
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

• bṛhad ← bṛhat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• gabhīraṃ ← gabhīram ← gabhīra
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “deep; profound; immeasurable; unfathomable; unfathomable; mysterious; deep; countless.”

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• dhāma ← dhāman
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”

• śuciṣ ← śuciḥ ← śuci
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• ṭvam ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• priyo ← priyaḥ ← priya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• mitro ← mitraḥ ← mitra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

• dakṣāyyo ← dakṣāyyaḥ ← dakṣāyya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• aryamevāsi ← aryamā ← aryaman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Aryaman; aryaman [word]; sun.”

• aryamevāsi ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• aryamevāsi ← asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

हे सोम वरुणस्य वारकस्य ते तव व्रतानि कर्माणि नु क्षिप्रं करोमीति शेषः । हे सोम तव धाम तेजःस्थानं बृहत् महत् गभीरं च । प्रियः मित्रः इव त्वं शुचिः दीप्तः शुद्धो वा असि । अर्यमेव अर्यमा देव इव त्वं दक्षाय्यः असि ॥ ॥ २४ ॥

English translation:

“Your acts are (like) those of the royal Varuṇa, vast and profound, Soma, is your abode; you are pure as the beloved Mitra, munificent are you, Soma, as Aryaman.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Varuṇa: ‘I quickly perform the sacrifices of you the cover’;

Varuṇa = varāka

The commandments of King Varuṇa are yours; yours is his lofty, deep domain, o Soma.
You are blazing pure, like dear Mitra. You are besought for skill like Aryaman, o Soma.

This vs. is identical to I.91.3, also a Soma hymn. Unfortunately the published translation

of the two vss. differ in pāda b. In I.91.3 I tr. “lofty and deep is your domain.” I now think this should be harmonized with the tr. here “yours is his lofty, deep domain.” The vs. attributes to Soma some of the salient characteristics of the three principal Ādityas overtly in a, c, d, and it seems unlikely that one pāda would deviate from this pattern. Both Varuṇa (I.123.8, IV.5.4) and (more often) Varuṇa + Mitra (I.152.4-5, VII.61.4, X.10.6, X.89.8) possess dhā́man-. Here Soma’s dhā́man- can be identified with that of just-mentioned Varuṇa (so the published translation) or anticipate Mitra (pāda c) in addition to Varuṇa.

On dakṣā́yya- see comm. ad I.91.3.

Thine are King Varuna’s eternal statutes, lofty and deep, O Soma, is thy glory.
All-pure art thou like Mitra the beloved, adorable, like Aryaman, O Soma.

Deine Gebote sind wie die des Königs Varuna; hoch und tief ist dein Wesen, o Soma. Du bist rein wie der liebe Mitra; du verdienst Willfährigkeit wie Aryaman, o Soma.

Dein sind des Königs Varuna Gesetze, hoch ist und tief, o Soma, deine Stätte, Du strahltest hell so wie der liebe Mitra, du Soma bist wie Arjaman zu ehren,

У тебя ведь заветы царя Варуны,
Высока, глубока твоя суть, о сома.
Ты чистый, как милый Митра;
Ты, как Арьяман, кому надо умело служить.

• पवमानः सोमः
• उशनाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (ते वरुणस्य राज्ञः) तुम सब वस्तुओं को अपनी शक्ति में रखनेवाले श्रेष्ठतम राजा हो। (ते) तुम्हारे (नु) निश्चय करके (व्रतानि) व्रतों को हम धारण करें। (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (तव धाम) तुम्हारा स्वरूप (बृहद्गभीरं) बहुत गम्भीर है और (शुचिस्त्वमसि) तुम नित्य-शुद्ध-बुद्ध-मुक्तस्वभाव हो। (प्रियो न) प्रिय के समान हो। (मित्रो न) मित्र के समान हो। (दक्षाय्यः) मान्य हो। (अर्य्यमा, इवासि, सोम) हे सोम परमात्मन् ! आप न्यायकारी हो॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा ने व्रतपालन का उपदेश किया। जो पुरुष व्रती होकर परमात्मा के नियम का पालन करता है, वह परमात्मा की आज्ञाओं का पालन करता है॥८॥ यह ८८ वाँ सूक्त और २४ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (ते, वरुणस्य, राज्ञः) यस्त्वं निजशक्त्यां सर्वेषां वस्तूनां स्थापको राजासि (ते) तव (नु) निश्चयेन (व्रतानि) अहम् आराधनानि दधानि। (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (तव धाम) तव स्वरूपाणि (बृहद्गभीरं) अतिगभीराणि सन्ति। अपि च (शुचिः, त्वम्, असि) त्वं नित्यशुद्धादिस्वभावोऽसि। (प्रियः, न) प्रियतुल्योऽसि। (मित्रः, न) सखेवासि। (दक्षाय्यः) मान्योऽसि। (अर्यमा, इवासि, सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! न्यायकारी भवानस्ति॥८॥ इत्यष्टाशीतितमं सूक्तं चतुर्विंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः॥