०७६

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविः
• छन्दः - जगती

धर्ता᳓ दिवः᳓ पवते कृ᳓त्वियो र᳓सो
द᳓क्षो देवा᳓नाम् अनुमा᳓दियो नृ᳓भिः
ह᳓रिः सृजानो᳓ अ᳓तियो न᳓ स᳓त्वभिर्
वृ᳓था पा᳓जांसि कृणुते नदी᳓षु आ᳓

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dhartā́ ← dhartár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

kŕ̥tvyaḥ ← kŕ̥tvya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pavate ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rásaḥ ← rása- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

anumā́dyaḥ ← anumā́dya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dákṣaḥ ← dákṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devā́nām ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

nŕ̥bhiḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

átyaḥ ← átya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

háriḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sátvabhiḥ ← sátvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

sr̥jānáḥ ← √sr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

kr̥ṇute ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

nadī́ṣu ← nadī́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

pā́jāṁsi ← pā́jas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)

ध॒र्ता । दि॒वः । प॒व॒ते॒ । कृत्व्यः॑ । रसः॑ । दक्षः॑ । दे॒वाना॑म् । अ॒नु॒ऽमाद्यः॑ । नृऽभिः॑ ।
हरिः॑ । सृ॒जा॒नः । अत्यः॑ । न । सत्व॑ऽभिः । वृथा॑ । पाजां॑सि । कृ॒णु॒ते॒ । न॒दीषु॑ । आ ॥

• dhartā ← dhartṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “supporter.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• pavate ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• kṛtvyo ← kṛtvyaḥ ← kṛtvya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “confident.”

• raso ← rasaḥ ← rasa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mercury; juice; medicine; rasa; alchemy; liquid; Rasa; mahārasa; taste; broth; elixir; resin; rasa; essence; six; water; soup; liquid body substance; rasa; formulation; myrrh; rasa [word]; amṛta; purpose; delight; solution; milk; beverage; alcohol; sap; nectar; Rasātala.”

• dakṣo ← dakṣaḥ ← dakṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”

• devānām ← deva
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• anumādyo ← anumādyaḥ ← anumad ← √mad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “praise; cheer; applaud.”

• nṛbhiḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• hariḥ ← hari
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• sṛjāno ← sṛjānaḥ ← sṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• atyo ← atyaḥ ← atya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; steed.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• satvabhir ← satvabhiḥ ← satvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• pājāṃsi ← pājas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “luminosity; look.”

• kṛṇute ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• nadīṣv ← nadīṣu ← nadī
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

धर्ता सर्वस्य धारकः सोमः दिवः अन्तरिक्षात् अन्तरिक्षस्थिताद्दशापवित्रात् पवते पूयते । कीदृशः सोमः । कृत्व्यः कर्तव्यः । शोध्य इत्यर्थः । रसः रसात्मको देवानां दक्षः बलप्रदः । यद्वा । दक्षः प्रवर्धनीयो देवानामर्थाय । तथा नृभिः नेतृभिर्ऋत्विग्भिः अनुमाद्यः अनुमदनीयः स्तुत्यो वा हरिः हरितवर्णः सत्वभिः प्राणिभिः सादिभिः सृजानः सृज्यमानः अत्यो न अश्व इव स यथा शिक्षितो वृथा अनायासेन गच्छति तद्वत् वृथा अप्रयत्नेन पाजांसि बलानि स्वीयान् वेगान् कृणुते कुरुते । नदीषु वस्तीवरीषु । ताभिरित्यर्थः । आ सिक्त इति शेषः । अयम् अभिषवसमयाभिप्रायः ॥

English translation:

“(Soma) the sustainer (of all) flows from the firmament, the purifiable juice, the invigorator of the gods, worthy tobe praised by the priests; green-tinted like a horse let loose by the charioteers he easily restores his vigour in the waters.”

The supporter of heaven purifies himself, the sap that gets results, the skill of the gods to be celebrated by men.
The tawny one sent surging, like a charger by warriors, deploys his full dimensions in the rivers at will.

On pā́jas- see comm. ad I.58.3. For a god making or assuming his pā́jas-, see, with medial forms of √kṛ, IV.4.1 kṛṇuṣvá pā́jaḥ (of Agni) as well as IX.88.5 vṛ́thā pā́jāṃsi kṛṇute nadī́ṣu, identical to our passage except with a Triṣṭubh cadence, and, with ā́√dā, IX.68.3 pā́ja ā́dade. Presumably in our passage and 88.5 it depicts the swelling of the soma stalks in the waters.

ON flows the potent juice, sustainer of the heavens, the strength of Gods, whom men must hail with shouts of joy.
The Gold-hued, started like a courser by brave men, impetuously winneth splendour in the streams.

Der Träger des Himmels läutert sich, der den Sieg entscheidende Saft, die Kraft der Götter, von den Männern zu begrüßen. Der goldgelbe Falbe, der losgelassen wird wie ein Rennpferd von den Tapferen, nimmt in den Strömen nach Belieben seine Formen an.

Des Himmels Träger rieselt, der gewalt’ge Saft, der Götter Krafttrunk, von den Männern gern begrüsst, Gleich wie ein Ross gespornt von Streitern, zeigt mit Lust der goldne Renner in den Strömen seinen Glanz.

Поддерживатель неба очищается, действенный сок,
Сила действия богов, тот, кого должны приветствовать мужи.
Буланый, как скакун, выпущенный воинами,
По (своей) прихоти принимает формы в реках.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब परमात्मा का सर्वाधाररूप से वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दिवः) द्युलोक का (धर्ता) धारणकर्ता परमात्मा (पवते) हमको पवित्र करे (नृभिः) सब मनुष्यों का (कृत्व्यः) जो उपास्य है तथा (रसः) आनन्दस्वरूप है और (दक्षः) सर्वज्ञ है। (देवानामनुमाद्यः) और विद्वानों का आह्लादक है। (हरिः) उक्तगुणयुक्त परमात्मा (सृजानः) सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि की रचना करता हुआ (अत्यो न) विद्युत् के समान (वृथा) अनायास से ही (सत्त्वभिः) प्राणियों द्वारा (पाजांसि) बलों को (कृणुते) करता है और उक्त परमात्मा (नदीषु) प्रकृति की सम्पूर्ण शक्तियों में (आ) व्याप्त है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - प्रत्येक प्राकृत पदार्थ में परमात्मा की सत्ता विद्यमान है और वही द्युलोकादि का अधिकरण है ॥१॥

अथ द्युभ्वादीनामाधारत्वं वर्ण्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दिवः) द्युलोकस्य (धर्ता) धारको जगदीश्वरः (पवते)मां पवित्रयतु। (नृभिः) सर्वैरपि जनैः (कृत्व्यः) उपासनीयः। अथ च परमेश्वरः (रसः) आनन्दस्वरूपस्तथा (दक्षः) सर्वज्ञः (देवानामनुमाद्यः) विदुषामाह्लादकः (हरिः) पापहारकः परमात्मा (सृजानः) सर्वं सृजन् (अत्यो न) विद्युदिव (वृथा) अनायासेनैव(सत्त्वभिः) प्राणिभिः (पाजांसि) बलानि (कृणुते) करोति।अथ च पूर्वोक्तः परमेश्वरः (नदीषु) प्रकृतेः सर्वासु शक्तिषु (आ) व्याप्नोति। उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविः
• छन्दः - जगती

शू᳓रो न᳓ धत्त आ᳓युधा ग᳓भस्तियोः
सु᳓वः सि᳓षासन् रथिरो᳓ ग᳓विष्टिषु
इ᳓न्द्रस्य शु᳓ष्मम् ईर᳓यन्न् अपस्यु᳓भिर्
इ᳓न्दुर् हिन्वानो᳓ अज्यते मनीषि᳓भिः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́yudhā ← ā́yudha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

dhatte ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

gábhastyoḥ ← gábhasti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:DU}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śū́raḥ ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

gáviṣṭiṣu ← gáviṣṭi- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

rathiráḥ ← rathirá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

síṣāsan ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

apasyúbhiḥ ← apasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

īráyan ← √īr- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śúṣmam ← śúṣma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ajyate ← √añj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

hinvānáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

manīṣíbhiḥ ← manīṣín- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

शूरः॑ । न । ध॒त्ते॒ । आयु॑धा । गभ॑स्त्योः । स्व१॒॑रिति॑ स्वः॑ । सिसा॑सन् । र॒थि॒रः । गोऽइ॑ष्टिषु ।
इन्द्र॑स्य । शुष्म॑म् । ई॒रय॑न् । अ॒प॒स्युऽभिः॑ । इन्दुः॑ । हि॒न्वा॒नः । अ॒ज्य॒ते॒ । म॒नी॒षिऽभिः॑ ॥

• śūro ← śūraḥ ← śūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dhatta ← dhatte ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• āyudhā ← āyudha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “weapon; āyudha [word].”

• gabhastyoḥ ← gabhasti
• [noun], locative, dual, masculine
• “beam; hand; sun.”

• svaḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• siṣāsan ← siṣās ← √san
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “win; gain.”

• rathiro ← rathiraḥ ← rathira
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• gaviṣṭiṣu ← gaviṣṭi
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “foray.”

• indrasya ← indra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• śuṣmam ← śuṣma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”

• īrayann ← īrayan ← īray ← √īr
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “name; describe; propel; shoot; state; call; raise; expel; tell; enumerate.”

• apasyubhir ← apasyubhiḥ ← apasyu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “active.”

• indur ← induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• hinvāno ← hinvānaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• ajyate ← añj
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “smear; anoint; mix; color.”

• manīṣibhiḥ ← manīṣin
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “sage; expert; devout.”

अयं सोमः गभस्त्योः हस्तयोः आयुधा आयुधानि शूरो न शूर इव धत्ते धारयति । स्वः स्वर्गसुखसाधनं यज्ञं वा सिषासन् संभक्तुमिच्छन् रथिरः रथवान्। रथादिरच्प्रत्ययः । गविष्टिषु यजमानस्य गवामेषणेषु सत्सु । यजमानार्थं गोसंभजनाय रथवानित्यर्थः । इन्द्रस्य शुष्मं बलम् ईरयन् प्रेरयन् इन्दुः सोमो देवः अपस्युभिः कर्मेच्छुभिः मनीषिभिः मेधाविभिर्ऋत्विभिः हिन्वानः प्रेर्यमाणः अज्यते गोभिः ॥

English translation:

“Like a hero he carries weapons in his hands, desirous of enjoying felicity, mounting his chariot in quest of the cattle (of the worshipper), animating the strength of Indra, Indu, urged by the wise performers of pious acts, is anointed (with the milk and curds).”

Like a champion, he takes his weapons in his hands, a chariot-rider striving to win the sun in the cattle raids.
Rousing Indra’s tempestuous force, the drop propelled by the industrious ones [=fingers] is anointed [/driven] by those of inspired thought.

The participial phrase svàḥ síṣāsan “striving to win the sun” is a match for svàḥ yád … síṣāsati in nearby IX.74.1 “when he strives to win the sun” (also IX.7.4), where I suggest that the sun stands for the gleaming milk with which the Soma will unite at the end of his ritual journey. This association would be emphasized in our passage by gáviṣṭiṣu ‘in the cattle raids’, with cattle standing for milk, as usual. For further on sun=milk see comm. ad vs. 4.

As Geldner points out (n. 2d, not reflected in his tr.), ajyate has a double sense, since it can be the passive both of √aj ‘drive’ and √añj ‘anoint’. Both are appropriate here.

He takes his weapons, like a hero, in his hands, fain to win light, car-borne, in forays for the kine.
Indu, while stimulating India’s might, is urged forward and balmed by sages skilful in their task.

Wie ein Tapferer nimmt er die Waffen in die Hände, um die Sonne zu gewinnen, als Wagenfahrer auf der Suche nach Kühen. Den Mut des Indra erregend, von den Geschäftigen zur Eile getrieben, wird der Saft von den Nachsinnenden gesalbt.

Er nimmt die Waffen in die Arme wie ein Held, den Glanz erstrebend, Wagen lenkend in dem Kampf, Des Indra Kraft erregend durch die thätigen, empfängt, gespornt von Sängern, Indu seinen Schmuck.

Как герой, держит он оружие в руках,
Стремясь овладеть солнцем, (выезжая) на колеснице в поисках коров.
Возбуждающая храбрость Индры, поторапливаемая
Деятельными (пальцами) капля смазывается хранителями мудрости.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दुः) सर्वप्रकाशक परमात्मा (मनीषिभिः) ज्ञानयोगियों द्वारा (अज्यते) ध्यानविषय किया जाता है। (अपस्युभिः) कर्मयोगियों द्वारा (हिन्वानः) प्रेरणा किया हुआ तथा (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगी के (शुष्मम्) बल को (ईरयन्) प्रेरणा करता हुआ (शूरः न) शूरवीर के समान (गभस्त्योः) अपने कर्म और ज्ञानरूप शक्ति में (आयुधा) सृष्टि के करणोपकरणरूप आयुधों को (धत्त) धारण करता है। (स्वः) वह सुखस्वरूप परमात्मा (गविष्टिषु) प्रजाओं में (सिषासन्) विभाग करने की इच्छा से (रथिरः) गतिस्वरूप परमात्मा अपनी गति से सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण होता है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा कर्मों के फल देने के अभिप्राय से सर्वत्र सृष्टि में अपनी न्यायरूपी शक्ति से सम्पूर्ण प्रजा में विराजमान होकर कर्मों के यथायोग्य फल देता है ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दुः) सर्वप्रकाशकः परमेश्वरः (मनीषिभिः) ज्ञानयोगिभिः (अज्यते) साक्षात्क्रियते। तथा (अपस्युभिः) कर्मयोगिभिः (हिन्वानः) प्रेर्यमाणः अथ च (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगिनः (शुष्मम्) बलं (ईरयन्) प्रेरयन् (शूरः न) शूर इव (गभस्त्योः) स्वकीयकर्मरूप-ज्ञानरूपशक्त्योः (आयुधा) सृष्टेः करणोपकरणरूपाण्यायुधानि (धत्त) दधाति। (स्वः) सुखस्वरूपः परमात्मा (गविष्टिषु) प्रजासु (सिषासन्) सम्भक्तुमिच्छया (रथिरः) गतिस्वरूपः स परमात्मा स्वकीयगत्या सर्वत्र परिपूर्णो भवति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविः
• छन्दः - जगती

इ᳓न्द्रस्य सोम प᳓वमान ऊर्मि᳓णा
तविष्य᳓माणो जठ᳓रेषु आ᳓ विश
प्र᳓ णः पिन्व विद्यु᳓द् अभ्रे᳓व रो᳓दसी
धिया᳓ न᳓ वा᳓जाँ उ᳓प मासि श᳓श्वतः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ūrmíṇā ← ūrmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

jaṭháreṣu ← jaṭhára- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:PL}

taviṣyámāṇaḥ ← √taviṣya- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

viśa ← √viś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

abhrā́ ← abhrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pinva ← √pinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)

ródasī ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

vidyút ← vidyút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

māsi ← √mā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śáśvataḥ ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

vā́jān ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

इन्द्र॑स्य । सो॒म॒ । पव॑मानः । ऊ॒र्मिणा॑ । त॒वि॒ष्यमा॑णः । ज॒ठरे॑षु । आ । वि॒श॒ ।
प्र । नः॒ । पि॒न्व॒ । वि॒ऽद्युत् । अ॒भ्राऽइ॑व । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । धि॒या । न । वाजा॑न् । उप॑ । मा॒सि॒ । शश्व॑तः ॥

• indrasya ← indra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pavamāna ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ūrmiṇā ← ūrmi
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wave; billow.”

• taviṣyamāṇo ← taviṣyamāṇaḥ ← taviṣy
• [verb noun], nominative, singular

• jaṭhareṣv ← jaṭhareṣu ← jaṭhara
• [noun], locative, plural, neuter
• “abdomen; udara; Jaṭhara; edema; garbha; inside; stomach; belly.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• viśa ← viś
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• ṇaḥ ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• pinva ← pinv
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “swell; swell; overflow; abound.”

• vidyud ← vidyut
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “lightning; Vidyut; thunderbolt.”

• abhreva ← abhrā ← abhra
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “abhra; cloud; sky; abhra [word]; cumulonimbus; mica; air; cloudiness.”

• abhreva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• rodasī ← rodas
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

• dhiyā ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vājāṃ ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• māsi ← mā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “weigh; measure; total; last; weigh; measure; give away; transform.”

• śaśvataḥ ← śaśvat
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “all(a); each(a).”

हे सोम पवमानः पूयमानस्त्वं तविष्यमाणः वर्धयिष्यमाणः सन् इन्द्रस्य जठरेषु ऊर्मिणा प्रभूतया धारया आ विश । जठरप्रदेशस्य बाहुल्याद्बहुवचनम्। नः अस्मदर्थं विद्युदभ्रेव अभ्राणीव सा यथा दोग्ध्यभ्राणि तद्वत् प्र पिन्व धुक्ष्व रोदसी द्यावापृथिव्यौ। किंच धिया कर्मणा न इदानीम् । नेति संप्रत्यर्थे । शश्वतः । बहुनामैतत् । बहून् वाजान् अन्नानि उप समीपे मासि निर्मासि ॥

English translation:

“Soma who are purified, who desire strength enter Indra’s belly in a mighty stream; milk heaven and earth for us as lightning (milks) the clouds; now with the rite meter (unto us) abundant food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Witht he rite: i.e., at the very time the rite is being performed

O Soma, purifying yourself in a wave, displaying your power, enter the belly of Indra.
Swell the two worlds for us, as lightning does the rain clouds. As if
according to our vision, mete out prizes to us over and over.

The extreme dislocation of hemistich-initial índrasya from jaṭharéṣu on which it depends must result from the desire to match the initial índrasya of 2c.

The simile-marking particle iva is late here, since the simile must consist of vidyúd abhréva.

Soma, as thou art purified with flowing wave, exhibiting thy strength enter thou Indra’s throat.
Make both worlds stream for us, as lightning doth the clouds: mete out exhaustless powers for us, as ’twere through song.

O Soma, dich in Wogen läuternd, deine Stärke zeigend, geh in Indra´s Leib ein! Schwängere uns beide Welten wie der Blitz die Wolken! Wie nach Erwarten teil uns alle Ehrengaben zu!

In Indra’s Bauch geh ein, o Soma, rieselnder! mit deiner Flut, erweisend deine grosse Kraft, Die Welten füll uns wie der Blitz die Wolke schwellt, und miss mit Eifer alle Labungen uns zu.

О Сома-Павамана, волною (влаги), проявляя силу,
Войди во внутренности Индры!
Оплодотвори нам два мира, как молния – тучи!
Как (в исполнение) молитвы, надели нас наградами, непрерывно повторяющимися!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (पवमानः) सबको पवित्र करते हुए आप तथा (ऊर्मिणा) अपनी ज्ञान की लहरों से (तविष्यमाणः) सबकी वृद्धि चाहते हुए (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगी के (जठरेषु) अन्तःकरणों में (आविश) आकर विराजमान हों और (विद्युत्) बिजली (अभ्रेव) जिस प्रकार मेघों को प्रकाशित करती है (रोदसी) और द्युलोक और पृथिवीलोक को वृद्धियुक्त करती है, उस प्रकार (नः) हमको आप (प्रपिन्व) वृद्धियुक्त करें और (धिया) कर्मों के द्वारा (वाजान्) बलों को (शश्वतः न) संप्रति निरन्तर (उपमासि) निर्माण करते हैं॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सत्कर्मों द्वारा मनुष्यों को इस प्रकार प्रदीप्त करता है, जिस प्रकार बिजली मेघमण्डलों और द्यु तथा पृथिवीलोक को प्रदीप्त करती है, इसलिये उसकी ज्ञानरूपी दीप्ति का लाभ करने के लिये सदैव उद्यत रहना चाहिये ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (पवमानः) सर्वान् पवित्रयँस्त्वं (ऊर्मिणा) स्वज्ञानतरङ्गैः (तविष्यमाणः) सर्वस्याभ्युदयमिच्छन् (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगिनः (जठरेषु) अन्तःकरणेषु (आविश) आगत्य विराजस्व। अथ च (विद्युत्) विद्युत् (अभ्रेव) यथा मेघान् प्रकाशयति तथा (रोदसी) द्यावापृथिव्यौ वर्द्धयति। तथा (नः) अस्मान् (प्रपिन्व) वर्द्धय। अथ च (धिया) कर्मभिः (वाजान्)बलानि (न) साम्प्रतं (शश्वतः) निरन्तरम् (उपमासि) निर्मिमीषे ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविः
• छन्दः - जगती

वि᳓श्वस्य रा᳓जा पवते सुवर्दृ᳓श
ऋत᳓स्य धीति᳓म् ऋषिषा᳓ळ् अवीवशत्
यः᳓ सू᳓रियस्य अ᳓सिरेण मृज्य᳓ते
पिता᳓ मतीना᳓म् अ᳓समष्टकावियः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
pavate ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rā́jā ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svardŕ̥śaḥ ← svardŕ̥ś- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

víśvasya ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

avīvaśat ← √vāś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dhītím ← dhītí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥ṣiṣā́ṭ ← r̥ṣiṣáh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

ásireṇa ← ásira- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

mr̥jyáte ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ásamaṣṭakāvyaḥ ← ásamaṣṭakāvya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

matīnā́m ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

pitā́ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

विश्व॑स्य । राजा॑ । प॒व॒ते॒ । स्वः॒ऽदृशः॑ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । धी॒तिम् । ऋ॒षि॒षाट् । अ॒वी॒व॒श॒त् ।
यः । सूर्य॑स्य । असि॑रेण । मृ॒ज्यते॑ । पि॒ता । म॒ती॒नाम् । अस॑मष्टऽकाव्यः ॥

• viśvasya ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• rājā ← rājan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• pavate ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• svardṛśa ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• svardṛśa ← dṛśaḥ ← dṛś
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “seeing; knowing.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• dhītim ← dhīti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “thinking; prayer; understanding.”

• ṛṣiṣāﾱ ← ṛṣiṣāh ← ṛṣiṣah
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• avīvaśat ← vāś
• [verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “bellow; howl; sing; moo; shout.”

• yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• sūryasyāsireṇa ← sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• sūryasyāsireṇa ← asireṇa ← asira
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

• mṛjyate ← mṛj
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• pitā ← pitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• matīnām ← mati
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

• asamaṣṭakāvyaḥ ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• asamaṣṭakāvyaḥ ← samaṣṭa ← samaś ← √aś
• [verb noun]
• “enter (a state); achieve; obtain.”

• asamaṣṭakāvyaḥ ← kāvyaḥ ← kāvya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

विश्वस्य जगतः राजा स्वामी सोमः स्वर्दृशः स्वर्गद्रष्टुः सर्वद्रष्टुर्वा ऋतस्य सत्यभूतस्येन्द्रस्य । मनुष्यवाच्यनृतशब्दप्रतियोगिकस्य ऋतशब्दस्य देवार्थः। तत्रापि औचित्येनेन्द्रः परिगृह्यते । तस्य धीतिं मतिं कर्म वा ऋषिषाट् ऋषीणामतीन्द्रियद्रष्टॄणामभिभविता । महत्त्वेन स्वयमपि ऋषिश्रेष्ठत्वादिति भावः । तथा च मन्त्रान्तरं – ब्रह्मा देवानां पदवीः कवीनामृषिः " (ऋ. सं.९.९६.६) इति । ईदृशः सोमः अवीवशत् अकामयत इन्द्रस्य कर्म । यः सोमः सूर्यस्य देवस्य असिरेण क्षेपकेण रश्मिना मृज्यते । असमष्टकाव्यः अन्यैः कविभिरव्याप्तकर्मा सोमः मतीनाम् अस्मदीयानां स्तुतीनां पिता पालकः स्वामी भवतीति शेषः । यद्वा । यो मतीनां पिता असमष्टकाव्यश्च सन् मृज्यते सः पवते इति संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“(Soma) the soverign of the universe flows forth; surpassing the ṛṣis he desire the worship of the all-seeing truthful (Indra); he who is cleansed by the ray of he sun, the father of praise, the unequalled sage.”

He purifies himself, the king of all who see the sun. Vanquishing the seers, he has made the vision of truth bellow.
He who is groomed by the lance [=ray] of the sun is the father of
thoughts, one whose poetic skill is entirely unattainable.

The hapax rt noun cmpd ṛṣi-ṣā́h- ‘vanquishing the seers’ (or, as Scarlatta [600] suggests as an alternative, ‘unter den Ṛṣis siegreich’) is, on first glance, a surprising collocation, since we generally expect √sah to take more obvious enemies as object.

Yet, of course, poetic competition is an important feature of RVic culture, and the rest of the vs. asserts Soma’s dominance in this competition - esp. the final, decisive ásamaṣṭa-kāvyaḥ ‘whose poetic skill is entirely unattainable’, but also his role as “father of thoughts” (pitā́matīnā́m), and his ability to make “the vision of truth” (ṛṭásya dhītím) bellow (presumably louder than the other ṛṣis can). The point of the cmpd might be clearer if tr. “vanquishing the (other) seers”; as Scarlatta points out, Soma is elsewhere identified as ṛ́ṣi-.

ásira- in c is a hapax. It is plausibly derived from √as ‘throw, shoot’: see, e.g., Grassmann,, AiG II.2.361, as well as, more hesitantly, EWA s.v. AS2 — with a metaphorically tranferred meaning ‘ray, beam’ ← ‘missile, spear’; cf. Engl. ‘shaft’ for both shaft of a spear or similar weapon and shaft of light. Say. glosses it first with kṣepakeṇa to √kṣip ‘throw’ and then with raśminā, the more usual (also metaphorically transferred) word for the sun’s rays. Grassmann’s gloss combines the literal and the transferred sense in ‘Strahlengeschoss’, while Geldner (“Strahl”) and Renou (“rayon”) render only the transferred sense. Mayrhofer (EWA 144-45) is more tentative: he questions the connection of the word to the ‘throw’ root, and his gloss also expresses doubt about the transferred meaning: “‘Strahl’ (←‘*Geschoss’ [der Sonne]?).” On both etymological and contextual grounds - what does it mean to “be groomed by the lance/ray of the sun”? - it is worth asking what this hapax is doing here. Acdg to Lüders (704), the sun is the heavenly pavítra- and so naturally its beam(s) would perform the purification of soma. Although I agree that the sun can sometimes be equated with the filter (see, e.g., IX.83.2), I doubt if that’s what’s going on here. For one thing, the root √mṛj is not generally used for purification across the filter (though it can be; cf. e.g., IX.86.6, 107.11), but refers rather to the ritual operations involving water (esp.) and milk; cf., e.g., IX.68.9 adbhir góbhir mṛjyate “he is groomed with waters, with cows.” Moreover, the parallelism with raśmí- is not as exact as is implied; most importantly raśmí- is almost always plural, whereas our form is sg., and soma is never “groomed” with/by even pl. raśmíbhiḥ.

Bearing in mind that I interpret “seeking to win the sun” in 2b as expressing Soma’s intention to unite with the milk mixture (metaphorically the sun), as well as the fact that √mṛj ‘groom’ can be construed with an instr. referring to the waters and milk used to prepare the soma, we can now consider a different interpr. of sū́ryasyā́sireṇa. It does not depict the sun’s (single) ray as filter, but the “sun’s shaft” (or even “sun’s shot”) as the milk infused into the soma - referring either to the sun’s light (‘shaft’) as gleaming milk or the infusing itself (‘shot’). The latter would have the merit of requiring fewer semantic steps by simply using the literal meaning of the root in an extended sense; cf. English ‘shot’ used of a small amount of usually powerful liquid, generally alcohol, also (for slightly different reasons) used of espresso. Once this interpr. is considered, the reason for the creation of the hapax becomes apparent (at least to me). The technical term for the milk mixture is āśír- (see nearby IX.75.5); our ásir- is phonologically very close, and I would suggest that it was created as a pun on the standard term. In fact the phonology might be closer still: the Saṃhitā text reads sū́ryasyā́sireṇa, which is resolved by the Pp. into sū́ryasya ásireṇa (the extra syllable is metrically necessary); *ā́sireṇa would also be possible. However, unfortunately I think this latter reading unlikely because it would convert the standard break after late caesura, two light syllables, into a far less common one with heavy - light. Another factor that may have contributed to the creation of this hapax is the presence of ṛṣi(-ṣā́ḍ) in the same metrical position in the preceding pāda, with ṛṣi- a scrambling of ásir-.

Not much changes in the tr., though I would now emend it to “He who is groomed by a “shot” [/a shaft] of the sun [=milk] …” However, this analysis shows once again that when encountering a hapax we should not just seek a plausible meaning and a plausible etymology, but try to figure out why the hapax was introduced in the passage, which often opens the way to better understanding of the other two questions.

Onward he flows, the King of all that sees the light: the Rsis’ Lord hath raised the song of sacrifice;
Even he who is adorned with Surya’s arrowy beam, Father of hymns, whose wisdom is beyond our reach.

Der König über alles, was die Sonne sieht, läutert sich; er hat die Erkenntnis der Wahrheit laut hinausgeschrieen, die Rishi´s noch übertreffend, der mit dem Strahl der Sonne gereinigt wird, der Vater der frommen Gedanken von unerreichter Sehergabe.

Der König aller sonnengleichen Götter flammt, der Sängerheld hat lautes Opferlied erregt, Der durch der Sonne Strahlgeschoss gereinigt wird,der Andacht Vater, unerreicht an Seherkraft.

Царь всего, что видит солнце, очищается.
Превосходя риши, он заставит звучать мысль, (познающую) истину,
Тот, кто начищается солнечным лучом,
Отец поэтических произведений с недостижимым поэтическим даром.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविः
• पादनिचृज्ज्गती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वस्य राजा) सम्पूर्ण संसार का राजा परमात्मा (पवते) हमको पवित्र करता है। (ऋतस्य) सत्यवक्ता कर्मयोगी का तथा (स्वर्दृशः) सुख के ज्ञाता के (धीतिम्) कर्म को (अवीविशत्) चाहता है और परमात्मा (ऋषिषाट्) सूक्ष्म से भी सूक्ष्म है तथा जो परमात्मा (सूर्यस्य) ज्ञान की (असिरेण) रश्मियों से (मृज्यते) साक्षात् किया जाता है और (मतीनाम्) समस्त ज्ञानों का (पिता) प्रदाता है तथा (असमष्टकाव्यः) कवियों की वाणी से परे है॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सब ज्ञानों का केन्द्र है और उसको कोई ज्ञानविषय नहीं कर सकता, इसलिये वह अतीन्द्रिय है अर्थात् “यतो वाचो निवर्तन्ते अप्राप्य मनसा सह” उसको वाणी और मन दोनों ही विषय नहीं कर सकते। अर्थात् वह वाणी का लक्ष्यार्थ है, वाच्यार्थ नहीं ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वस्य राजा) समस्तसंसारस्य प्रभुः परमात्मा (पवते) अस्मान् पवित्रयति (ऋतस्य) सत्यवक्तुः कर्मयोगिनः (स्वर्दृशः) सुखज्ञातुः (धीतिम्) कर्म (अवीविशत्) वाञ्छति। स परमात्मा (ऋषिषाट्) सूक्ष्मात्सूक्ष्मतरोऽस्ति। तथा (यः) यः परमेश्वरः (सूर्यस्य) ज्ञानस्य (असिरेण) रश्मिभिः (मृज्यते) साक्षात्क्रियते। अथ च (मतीनाम्) अखिलज्ञानानां (पिता) प्रदाता परमात्मा (असमष्टकाव्यः) वाचामगोचरोऽस्ति ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविः
• छन्दः - जगती

वृ᳓षेव यूथा᳓ प᳓रि को᳓शम् अर्षसि
अपा᳓म् उप᳓स्थे वृषभः᳓ क᳓निक्रदत्
स᳓ इ᳓न्द्राय पवसे मत्सरि᳓न्तमो
य᳓था जे᳓षाम समिथे᳓ तुवो᳓तयः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
arṣasi ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

kóśam ← kóśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yūthā́ ← yūthá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

apā́m ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

kánikradat ← √krand- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

upásthe ← upástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣabháḥ ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

matsaríntamaḥ ← matsaríntama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pavase ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sáḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

jéṣāma ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

samithé ← samithá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

tvótayaḥ ← tvóti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yáthā ← yáthā (invariable)

वृषा॑ऽइव । यू॒था । परि॑ । कोश॑म् । अ॒र्ष॒सि॒ । अ॒पाम् । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । वृ॒ष॒भः । कनि॑क्रदत् ।
सः । इन्द्रा॑य । प॒व॒से॒ । म॒त्स॒रिन्ऽत॑मः । यथा॑ । जेषा॑म । स॒म्ऽइ॒थे । त्वाऽऊ॑तयः ॥

• vṛṣeva ← vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• yūthā ← yūtha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “herd; troop; battalion.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• kośam ← kośa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “treasury; sheath; Kośa; scrotum; bud; vessel; kośa [word]; treasure; calyx; container; bucket; box.”

• arṣasy ← arṣasi ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run.”

• apām ← ap
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• upasthe ← upastha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”

• vṛṣabhaḥ ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

• kanikradat ← kanikrad ← √krand
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “roar; neigh.”

• sa ← saḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pavase ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• matsarintamo ← matsarintamaḥ ← matsarintama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

• jeṣāma ← ji
• [verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.
• “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

• samithe ← samitha
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “battle; conflict.”

• tvotayaḥ ← tvoti
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

हे सोम त्वं वृषेव यूथा यूथानि वृषभ इव स यथा तानि प्रविशति तद्वत् कोशं कोशवत् रसधारकं कलशं परि अर्षसि परिगच्छसि । कुत्रस्थः सन् । अपामुपस्थे अन्तरिक्षे । कीदृशः सन् । वृषभः वर्षिता कनिक्रदत् शब्दं कुर्वन् । सः त्वं हे सोम इन्द्राय इन्द्रार्थं पवसे पूयसे । मत्सरिन्तमः मादयितृतमस्त्वम् । यथा वयं जेषाम जयेम समिथे संग्रामे त्वोतयः त्वया रक्षिताः सन्तः ॥ ॥ १ ॥

English translation:

“As a bull (entering) the herd you rush to the receptacle, on the top of the waters, showering (benefits) crying aloud; you flow for Indra, most exhilarating so that we may be victorious in battle protected by you.”

Like a bull around the herds, you charge around the cask, a bull roaring again and again in the lap of the waters.
You purify yourself to be most invigorating for Indra, so that we who have your help will conquer in the clash.

The sá in c with 2nd ps. reference (sá … pavase) violates the rule that such reference is found only with imperatives. (See my “Vedic ‘sá figé’: An inherited sentence connective?,” Historische Sprachforschung 105 [1992] 213-39.) I think it likely that it has been modeled on the numerous sá (…) pavasva exx. in IX (15 by my count, e.g., nearby IX.72.8=107.24); an imperative would in fact work better with the yáthā purpose cl. in d. The indic. pavase may have been substituted because

*pavasva would produce a very abnormal break. An almost identical pāda is found in IX.97.32 sá índrāya pavase matsarávān, inexpertly adapted to Triṣṭubh (note the bad cadence [though see comm. ad loc.]).

The splv. matsaríntama- is somewhat oddly formed, with the possessive suffix - ín- added to an adj., with no change in sense. The stem occurs 4x (once in a repeated pāda), always at the end of a pāda. AiG II.2.340 considers it the equivalent of

*matsara-tama-, based on madín-tama-. Given the metrical unfavorability of the stem *matsaratama-, this seems a plausible explan.

Like as a bull to herds, thou flowest to the pail, bellowing as a steer upon the water’s lap.
So, best of Cheerers, thou for Indra flowest on that we, with thy protection, may o’ercome in fight.

Wie ein Bulle die Herde umkreisest du die Kufe im Schoße der Gewässer, ein brüllender Bulle. Du läuterst dich für Indra als berauschendster Trank, auf daß wir im Kampfe mit deiner Hilfe siegen.

Du strömst ins Fass, wie auf die Heerde stürzt der Bull; im Schoosse der Gewässer brüllend als ein Stier; So riesle hell dem Indra als berauschendster, dass wir durch dich den Sieg gewinnen in der Schlacht.

Словно бык – кругами по саду, мчишься ты кругами по чану,
Бык, громко ревущий в лоне вод.
Ты очищаешься для Индры как самый опьяняющий (напиток),
Чтобы мы победили в бою с твоей помощью.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः