०७४

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

शि᳓शुर् न᳓ जातो᳓ अ᳓व चक्रदद् व᳓ने
सु᳓वर् य᳓द् वाजी᳓ अरुषः᳓ सि᳓षासति
दिवो᳓ रे᳓तसा सचते पयोवृ᳓धा
त᳓म् ईमहे सुमती᳓ श᳓र्म सप्र᳓थः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áva ← áva (invariable)

cakradat ← √krand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

jātáḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śíśuḥ ← śíśu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

váne ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

aruṣáḥ ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

síṣāsati ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

vājī́ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

payovŕ̥dhā ← payovŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

rétasā ← rétas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

sacate ← √sac- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

īmahe ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sapráthaḥ ← sapráthas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śárma ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

sumatī́ ← sumatí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

शिशुः॑ । न । जा॒तः । अव॑ । च॒क्र॒द॒त् । वने॑ । स्वः॑ । यत् । वा॒जी । अ॒रु॒षः । सिसा॑सति ।
दि॒वः । रेत॑सा । स॒च॒ते॒ । प॒यः॒ऽवृधा॑ । तम् । ई॒म॒हे॒ । सु॒ऽम॒ती । शर्म॑ । स॒ऽप्रथः॑ ॥

• śiśur ← śiśuḥ ← śiśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “child; young; baby; śiśu [word]; Śiśu; male child; fetus.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• jāto ← jātaḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• ‘va ← ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• cakradad ← cakradat ← krand
• [verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
• “roar; neigh; cry; howl; shout.”

• vane ← vana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• vājy ← vājī ← vājin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• aruṣaḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• siṣāsati ← siṣās ← √san
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “win; gain.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• retasā ← retas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “semen; sperm.”

• sacate ← sac
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

• payovṛdhā ← payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• payovṛdhā ← vṛdhā ← vṛdh
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “increasing.”

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īmahe ← ī ← √i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “beg; solicit.”

• sumatī ← sumati
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “benevolence; favor; Sumati.”

• śarma ← śarman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• saprathaḥ ← saprathas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “extensive; wide; extended.”

स पवमानः सोमः वने वननीये वसतीवर्याख्य उदके जातः उत्पन्नः शिशुर्न शिशुरिव अव चक्रदत् अवाङ्मुखं क्रन्दति । तदोदकमध्ये पतञ्छब्दं करोति खलु। यत् यदा वाजी बलवानन्नवान् वा अरुषः आरोचमानः । यद्वा । वाज्यश्व इव अरुषः । अर्तेरुषच् । गमनशीलः सोमः स्वः स्वर्गलोकं सिषासति संभक्तुमिच्छति । सनोतेः सनीडभाव आत्वम् । ‘ सनोते:०’ इति सांहितिकं षत्वम् । सोऽयं पयोवृधा गवामोषधीनां च क्षीरस्य वर्धकेन’ रेतसा उदकेन सह दिवः द्युलोकात् सचते पार्थिवं लोकं समवैति । तं तादृशं प्रसिद्धं सोमं सप्रथः सर्वतः पृथुतरं धनादिना युक्तं शर्म गृहं तद्वयं सुमती । ‘सुपां सुलुक्°’ इति तृतीयायाः पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घः । सुमत्या शोभनया स्तुत्या ईमहे याचामहे । ईमह इति याञ्चाकर्मा। ‘ ईङ् गतौ । देवादिकः । छान्दसः श्यनो लुक् ॥

English translation:

“Born in the water (the Soma) cries out like a child, when powerful and brilliant he wishes to enjoy heaven; he comes from the sky tomix with the water that nourish the kine; we ask him by our praises for an opulent dwelling.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Brilliant: or, swift as a horse; that nourish the kine: payovṛdhā, that feeds the milk of kine and the sap of herbs

Like a new-born (calf), he has roared down into the wood(en vessel). When the ruddy racehorse strives to win the sun,
he keeps company with the milk-strong semen of heaven. We implore him for extensive protection through his benevolence.

Contra the standard tr. (Geldner, Renou, Lüders [265], Doniger, Maurer), I take b with c, not with a, since the logical relation between a and b is weak and there are two ostensibly different subjects, while c follows from b. In b Soma, configured as a racehorse, seeks to win the sun, which in its brightness is the cosmic equivalent of the milk that is the goal of the ritual soma’s journey (see also IX.76.2). In c he “keeps company with” (sacate) the semen of heaven (divó rétasā). On the cosmic plane this is the rain; in the ritual it is the water with which the soma is mixed after filtering and before the mixing with milk - though here the two acts of mixture, with water and with milk, may be conflated, with rain/mixing water referred to as payovṛ́dh- ‘milkstrong’. For a slightly clearer passage see IX.84.5. The fact that the verbs of b and c, síṣāsati and sacate, recur in the climactic vs. 7 (see below) supports my view of the structure of this vs. In d most tr. take sumatī́as ours (e.g., Doniger “with kind thoughts we pray …”), whereas I assign it to Soma. In general sumatí- can belong either to mortals or to gods, and very little is at stake here - though I still favor my interpr.

BORN like a youngling he hath clamoured in the wood, when he, the Red, the Strong, would win the light of heaven.
He comes with heavenly seed that makes the water swell: him for wide-spreading shelter we implore with prayer.

Wie das neugeborene junge Tier brüllt er auf das Holzgefäß herab, wenn der rötliche Preisrenner die Sonne zu gewinnen sucht. Er vereinigt sich mit des Himmels milchreichem Samen. Ihn bitten wir freundlich um seinen ausgedehnten Schirm.

Im Wasser schreit er wie ein neugebornes Kind, wenn nach des Himmels Glanz der rothe Renner strebt; Dem Milch-durchtränkten Himmelssamen eint er sich; den flehn mit Andacht wir um ausgedehnten Schutz.

Как новорожденный ребенок, он заревел, с(пускаясь) в деревянный сосуд.
Когда рыжий победоносный конь хочет завоевать солнце.
Он соединяется с семенем неба, с усиленным молоком.
Прекрасным произведением мы просим его о широкой защите.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• पादनिचृज्ज्गती
• निषादः

अब अभ्युदय के अधिकारियों का निरूपण करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वने) भक्ति के विषय में (यत्) जब (जातः) तत्काल उत्पन्न (शिशुः) बालक के (न) समान यह जिज्ञासु पुरुष स्वाभाविक रीति से (चक्रदत्) रोता है, तब (स्वः) सुखस्वरूप (वाजी) बलस्वरूप (अरुषः) प्रकाशस्वरूप परमात्मा (सिषासति) उसके उद्धार की इच्छा करता है। (दिवः रेतसा) जो परमात्मा द्युलोक से लेकर लोक-लोकान्तरों के साथ अपनी शक्ति से (सचते) संगत है और (पयः वृधा) जो अपने ऐश्वर्य से बृद्धि को प्राप्त है, (तम्) उस परमात्मा से (सप्रथः) विस्तृत अभ्युदय और (शर्म) निश्रेयस सुख इन दोनों की हम लोग (ईमहे) प्रार्थना करते हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जब पुरुष दूध पीनेवाले बच्चे के समान मुक्तकण्ठ से परमात्मा के आगे रोता है, तब परमात्मा उसे अवश्यमेव ऐश्वर्य देता है ॥१॥

अथाभ्युदयपात्रतामाह।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वने) भक्तिविषये (यत्) यदा (जातः) सद्य उत्पन्नः (शिशुः न) बालक इव (चक्रदत्) अयं जिज्ञासुर्जनः स्वभावत एव रोदिति तदा (स्वः) सुखस्वरूपः (वाजी) बलस्वरूपः (अरुषः) प्रकाशस्वरूपः परमेश्वरः (सिषासति) तस्योद्धारं कर्तुमिच्छति। (दिवः रेतसा) यः परमात्मा द्युलोकत आरभ्य सम्पूर्णलोकलोकान्तरैः सह (सचते) स्वीयशक्त्या सङ्गतो भवति। तथा (पयः वृधा) यः स्वकीयैश्वर्येणाभ्युन्नतः (तम्) तस्मात् परमात्मनः (सप्रथः) विततमभ्युदयमथ च (शर्म) कल्याणं (ईमहे) वयं प्रार्थयामः ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

दिवो᳓ य᳓ स्कम्भो᳓ धरु᳓णः सु᳓आतत
आ᳓पूर्णो अंशुः᳓ परिए᳓ति विश्व᳓तः
से᳓मे᳓ मही᳓ रो᳓दसी यक्षद् आवृ᳓ता
समीचीने᳓ दाधार स᳓म् इ᳓षः कविः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dharúṇaḥ ← dharúṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

skambháḥ ← skambhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svā̀tataḥ ← svā̀tata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

aṁśúḥ ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́pūrṇaḥ ← √pr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

paryéti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

viśvátas ← viśvátas (invariable)

āvŕ̥tā ← āvŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

imé ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

mahī́ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

ródasī ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yakṣat ← √yaj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dādhāra ← √dhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

íṣaḥ ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sám ← sám (invariable)

samīcīné ← samīcīná- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

दि॒वः । यः । स्क॒म्भः । ध॒रुणः॑ । सुऽआ॑ततः । आऽपू॑र्णः । अं॒शुः । प॒रि॒ऽएति॑ । वि॒श्वतः॑ ।
सः । इ॒मे इति॑ । म॒ही इति॑ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । य॒क्ष॒त् । आ॒ऽवृता॑ । स॒मी॒ची॒ने इति॑ स॒म्ऽई॒ची॒ने । दा॒धा॒र॒ । सम् । इषः॑ । क॒विः ॥

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• skambho ← skambhaḥ ← skambha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “prop.”

• dharuṇaḥ ← dharuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “holding; supportive.”

• svātata ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svātata ← ātataḥ ← ātan ← √tan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “expand; prolong; chant; inflate.”

• āpūrṇo ← āpūrṇaḥ ← āp￞ ← √pṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “fill.”

• aṃśuḥ ← aṃśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• paryeti ← parī ← √i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “circumambulate; wander; revolve; overwhelm.”

• viśvataḥ ← viśvatas
• [adverb]
• “everywhere; around; about.”

• seme ← sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• seme ← ime ← idam
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• mahī ← mah
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• rodasī ← rodas
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

• yakṣad ← yakṣat ← yaj
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

• āvṛtā ← āvṛt
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “arrival.”

• samīcīne ← samīcīna
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “combined; real.”

• dādhāra ← dhṛ
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• iṣaḥ ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• kaviḥ ← kavi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

दिवः द्युलोकस्य स्कम्भः विष्कम्भयिता संरोद्धा धरुणः सर्वस्य धारकः । यद्वा । पृथिव्या धारकः । विष्टम्भो दिवो धरुणः पृथिव्याः ’ ( ऋ. सं. ९.८९.६ ) इत्याम्नानात् । तादृशः स्वाततः सुष्ठु सर्वत्र विततः विस्तृतः अत एव आपूर्णः पात्रेषु संपूर्णः यः अंशुः सोमात्मकः विश्वतः सर्वतः पर्येति परिगच्छति । ‘तिङि चोदात्तवति’ इति गतेर्निघातः । सः सोमः इमे रोदसी द्यावापृथिव्यौ आवृता संभजनीयेन कर्मणा यक्षत् यजतु । स्वबलेन संयोजयत्वित्यर्थः । ततः सोऽयं समीचीने परस्परं संगते द्यावापृथिव्यौ दाधार धारयांचकार । ‘तुजादीनाम्’ इत्यभ्यासस्य दीर्घः । अनन्तरं कविः क्रान्तकर्मा इषः अन्नानि स्तोतृभ्यः सं प्रयच्छतु । उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः ॥

English translation:

“The supporter of heaven, the prop (of the earth), the Soma-juice who, widely spreading, filling (the vessels), flows in all directions– may he unite the two great worlds by his own strength; he has upheld them combined; (may he) the sage (bestow) food upon (his worshippers).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The prop of the earth: cf. RV. 9.089.06; may he unite: yakṣat = saṃyojayatu;

Āvṛta = by its own unaided strength

The (soma) plant, the prop and buttress of heaven, which, when well extended and fully filled, encompasses in every direction,
that (plant) will offer sacrifice to these two great world-halves when they turn hither. The poet unites the united pair and the refreshing drinks.

The soma plant as pillar connecting heaven and earth and filling the midspace (ab) gives way to the plant as sacrificer (c)—an abrupt conceptual transition somewhat jarring to modern sensibilities.

In b Renou supplies both the world and the filter as complement to paryéti. This seems reasonable, though the verb would have slightly different senses: “encompass (the world)” / “circle around (the filter).” I would now favor making this explicit in the tr.

The standard tr. take ā́vṛ́tā as instr., with a variety of interpr.: Geldner “nach dem Herkommen” (sim. Scarlatta 509), Renou “par le processus-rituel” (sim. Maurer), Doniger “by tradition.” I take it rather as a fem. du. modifying ródasī (so Grassmann Nachtr.).

Pāda d contains the only ex. of sám √dhṛ in the RV (and one of the few in Vedic). I would now be inclined to give it a more literal tr.: “the poet holds together …” The poet in this case is of course Soma.

A far-extended pillar that supports the sky the Soma-stalk, filled full, moves itself every way.
He shall bring both these great worlds while the rite proceeds: the Sage holds these who move! together and all food.

Der die Stengel tragende schöngerichtete Säule des Himmels ist, und als vollgesogener Stengel rings umkreist, er möge diese beiden großen Welthälften nach dem Herkommen verehren. Er hält das vereinigte Paar und alle Labungen zusammen, der Seher.

Der als des Himmels Strebepfeiler schön erhöht als reichgefüllter Soma rings das All umfängt, Den zwei vereinten hergewandten Welten soll der weise opfern, alle Tränke hegt er treu.

Кто опора неба, прекрасно протянутая основа,
Набухшее растение, (сок, который) повсюду движется кругами,
Тот пусть почтит совершением обряда эти две великие половины (вселенной)!
Поэт, он охватывает (эту) соединенную (пару и) жертвенные услады.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

म᳓हि प्स᳓रः सु᳓कृतं सोमिय᳓म् म᳓धु
उर्वी᳓ ग᳓व्यूतिर् अ᳓दितेर् ऋतं᳓ यते᳓
ई᳓शे यो᳓ वृष्टे᳓र् इत᳓ उस्रि᳓यो वृ᳓षा
अपां᳓ नेता᳓ य᳓ इत᳓ऊतिर् ऋग्मि᳓यः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
mádhu ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

máhi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

psáraḥ ← psáras- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

somyám ← somyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

súkr̥tam ← súkr̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

áditeḥ ← áditi- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

gávyūtiḥ ← gávyūti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥tám ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

urvī́ ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

yaté ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ī́śe ← √īś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

itás ← itás (invariable)

usríyaḥ ← usríya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣṭéḥ ← vr̥ṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

apā́m ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

itáūtiḥ ← itáūti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

netā́ ← netár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥gmíyaḥ ← r̥gmíya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

महि॑ । प्सरः॑ । सुऽकृ॑तम् । सो॒म्यम् । मधु॑ । उ॒र्वी । गव्यू॑तिः । अदि॑तेः । ऋ॒तम् । य॒ते ।
ईशे॑ । यः । वृ॒ष्टेः । इ॒तः । उ॒स्रियः॑ । वृषा॑ । अ॒पाम् । ने॒ता । यः । इ॒तःऽऊ॑तिः । ऋ॒ग्मियः॑ ॥

• mahi
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “great; firm.”

• psaraḥ ← psaras
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• sukṛtaṃ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sukṛtaṃ ← kṛtam ← kṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• somyam ← somya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “saumya.”

• madhūrvī ← madhu
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• madhūrvī ← urvī ← uru
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• gavyūtir ← gavyūtiḥ ← gavyūti
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “pasture.”

• aditer ← aditeḥ ← aditi
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Aditi; aditi [word].”

• ṛtaṃ ← ṛtam ← ṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• yate ← i
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• īśe ← īś
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• vṛṣṭer ← vṛṣṭeḥ ← vṛṣṭi
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “rain; shower; rainy season.”

• ita ← itas
• [adverb]
• “from here; therefore.”

• usriyo ← usriyaḥ ← usriya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “red.”

• vṛṣāpāṃ ← vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣāpāṃ ← apām ← ap
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• netā ← netṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “leader; Vitex negundo.”

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• itaūtir ← itaūtiḥ ← itaūti
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “helpful; abiding.”

• ṛgmiyaḥ ← ṛgmiya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “applaudable.”

ऋतं सत्यभूतं यज्ञं यते गच्छते तस्मा इन्द्राय सुकृतं सुष्ठु संस्कृतं सोम्यं सोममयं महि । महत् प्रभूतं मधु मधुररसं प्सरः भक्षणं पानीयं भवति । ‘प्सा भक्षणे’। किंच अस्मद्यज्ञं प्रत्यागच्छतामिन्द्रादीनाम् अदितेः पृथिव्याः गव्यूतिः मार्गश्च उर्वी विस्तीर्णो भवति । इन्द्रस्य शतसहस्रसंख्याकैर्हरिभिः सह गन्तुं मार्गो विस्तीर्णोऽभवदित्यर्थः । यः इन्द्रः इतः इमं लोकं प्रत्यापतन्याः वृष्टेः ईशे ईश्वरो भवति । तथा उस्रियः । उस्रेति गोनाम । गोभ्यो हितः अपाम् उदकानां वृषा वर्षकः यज्ञस्य नेता नायकः इतऊतिः इममस्मदीयं यज्ञं प्रत्यूतिर्गमनं यस्य स तथोक्तः । इतो गच्छन् यः इन्द्रः ऋग्मियः ऋगर्हः स्तोतव्यो भवति । तस्मा अयं सोमः पातव्यो भवतीति ॥

English translation:

“(There is) abundant food well-prepared made of Soma and sweet for (Indra) who comes to the sacrifice; the way to earth is broad; (for Indra) who is the lord of the rain (that falls) here, the possessor of cattle, the showerer of water, the leader (of the sacrifice), whose road is hither, who is deserving of praise.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Whose road is hither: i.e., to this our sacrifice

A great delight is the well-prepared somian honey, and wide is the pasture-land of Aditi for him who goes to truth,
who, as a dawn-red bull, is master of the rain from here, who is the
leader of the waters, ageless and worthy of verses.

Pāda b is problematic, and it shares some of its difficulties with IX.69.3, which ends identically: áditer ṛtáṃ yaté. See comm. ad loc. In both cases the standard tr. (incl. my published translation) take áditeḥ with what precedes, despite its being in the repeated phrase. The other problem is the referent of the dat. part. in the phrase ṛtáṃ yaté. Is it Soma, as Geldner (and the published translation, also probably Maurer) take it, or the mortal worshiper (Renou, flg. Lüders; Doniger)? Determining this depends in part on deciding what “the wide pasture-land of Aditi” means. It is possible that it refers to the expanse on the ritual ground between the filter and the place where the soma meets the milk, in which case ṛtáṃ yaté could refer to the soma traversing this expanse, as in the published

tr. However, in the other two passages containing gávyūti- in IX (IX.78.5, 85.8), “wide pastureland” is the reward for mortals. See esp. IX.78.5 urvī́ṃ gávyūtim ábhayaṃ ca nas kṛdhi “make wide pasturage and fearlessness for us.” In the other passage, IX.85.8, the phrase occurs with śárma sapráthaḥ “extensive shelter/protection,” which is found exactly in our vs. 1d. I therefore now inclined to think that this pāda concerns the mortal worshiper - but this causes problems with the 2nd hemistich, which consists only of two rel. clauses, whose referent must be Soma. If ṛtáṃ yaté does not refer to Soma, there is no antecedent in the first hemistich (or in the following vs.) for the double yáḥ of c and d. Renou gets out of this by supplying “(C’est le soma),” which does the trick but contravenes the apparent structure of the vs.; Doniger simply tr. part of d as a main cl. I find myself torn and take refuge, as often, in double reading - suggesting that at least one referent of ṛtáṃ yaté is Soma, and therefore there is at least a partial antecedent for the yáḥ-s of cd.

While fiddling with pāda b, I also wondered if we should take the pattern of repetition seriously and construe áditeḥ with what follows, rather than what precedes. Although urvī́- gávyūti- is found several times elsewhere - in addition to here and the two passages in IX just cited, also V.66.3, VII.77.4 - it is nowhere else associated with Aditi. And Aditi, as mother of Varuṇa among others, is associated with ṛtá-, so “for him who goes to the truth of Aditi” would not be a jarring expression, though its exact sense is hard to pin down. I therefore suggest an alt. tr.

“wide is the pasture-land for him who goes to the truth of Aditi.” See also IX.69.3.

As multiple comm. have remarked, Soma is both associated cosmically with rain and in the ritual preparation drips like rain from the press and off the filter.

All the standard tr. render itáūtíḥ with the older, now obsolete tr. ‘helping from here’ vel sim., rather than ‘eternal, ageless’, on which see comm. ad VIII.99.7 and EWA s.v. However, in this passage it certainly plays off itáḥ ‘from here’ in the previous pāda in the same metrical position; note the pattern c itá u(sr)í(yo) / d itáū(t)i(r), with the vowels ū̆ … i replicating the 2nd half of the word. This pattern is also anticipated by (gávy)ūtir in b (though in a different metrical slot).

Wide space hath he who follows Aditi’s right path, and mighty, well-made food, meath blent with Soma juice;
He who from hence commands the rain, Steer of the kine, Leader of floods, who helps us hence, who claims our laud.

Ein Hochgenuß ist die wohlbereitete somische Süßigkeit; sie ist der breite Weg der Aditi für den, welcher den rechten Weg wandelt, Soma, der als Bullenstier von hier aus über den Regen gebeut, der Führer der Gewässer, der auf der Stelle Helfende, Preiswürdige.

Ihm, der Aditi’s Werk betreibt, ist gross das Mahl, die Weide weit, und schön gebraut der süsse Trank, Dem rothen Stier, der stets der Herr des Regens ist, der preisenswerth die Wasser führt und weiter hilft.

Великий праздник – мед сомы, хорошо приготовленный!
Широко пастбище Адити для идущего по закону.
(Сома тот,) кто правит дождем отсюда, (этот) рыжеватый бык,
Кто вождь вод, помогающий отсюда, достойный гимна.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• पादनिचृज्ज्गती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऋग्मियः) स्तुतियोग्य (इत ऊतिः) सब प्रकार का रक्षक (यः) जो (नेता) नियन्ता है और (अपां वृषा) सब प्रकार के कर्मों का फल देनेवाला (उस्त्रियः) प्रकाशस्वरूप है (इतः) द्युलोक से उत्पन्न (वृष्टेः) वृष्ट्यादि का (ईशे) ईश्वर है। (महि) सबसे बड़ा है (प्सरः) सबका अत्ता है (सुकृतम्) शोभनकर्मा है। (सोम्यम्) सोम्य स्वभाववाला है। (अदितेः) उस ज्ञानस्वरूप परमात्मा से (गव्यूतिः) इस जीवात्मा का मार्ग (मधु) मीठा और (उर्वी) विस्तृत होता है और (ऋतं यते) सत्यरूप यज्ञ को प्राप्त होनेवाले पुरुष के लिये वह परमात्मा शुभ करता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सन्मार्ग चाहनेवाले पुरुषों को उचित है कि वे सच्चाई का यज्ञ करने के लिये परमात्मा की शरण लें ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऋग्मियः) स्तुत्यः (इत ऊतिः) सर्वविधरक्षकः (यः) यः (नेता) नियन्तास्ति अथ च (अपां वृषा) सम्पूर्णकर्मणां फलदः (उस्रियः) प्रकाशस्वरूपोऽस्ति स परमेश्वरः (इतः) द्युलोकाद् उत्पन्नस्य (वृष्टेः) वृष्ट्यादिकस्य (ईशे) ईश्वरोऽस्ति। (महि) महीयान् (प्सरः) सर्वस्यादनकर्तास्ति। तथा (सुकृतम्) शोभनकर्म्मास्ति। (सोम्यम्) सौम्यस्वभाववान् अस्ति। (अदितेः) तस्मात् ज्ञानस्वरूपात् परमात्मनः (गव्यूतिः) अस्य जीवात्मनो मार्गः (मधु) मधुरः अथ च (उर्वी) विस्तृतो भवति। अथ च (ऋतं यते) सत्ययज्ञं प्राप्तवते पुरुषाय स परमात्मा शुभं विदधाति ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

आत्मन्व᳓न् न᳓भो दुह्यते घृत᳓म् प᳓य
ऋत᳓स्य ना᳓भिर् अमृ᳓तं वि᳓ जायते
समीचीनाः᳓ सुदा᳓नवः प्रिणन्ति° तं᳓
न᳓रो हित᳓म् अ᳓व मेहन्ति पे᳓रवः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ātmanvát ← ātmanvánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

duhyate ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

ghr̥tám ← ghr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

nábhaḥ ← nábhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

amŕ̥tam ← amŕ̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

jāyate ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

nā́bhiḥ ← nā́bhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

prīṇanti ← √prī- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

samīcīnā́ḥ ← samīcīná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sudā́navaḥ ← sudā́nu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

áva ← áva (invariable)

hitám ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

mehanti ← √mih- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

náraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

péravaḥ ← péru- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

आ॒त्म॒न्ऽवत् । नभः॑ । दु॒ह्य॒ते॒ । घृ॒तम् । पयः॑ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । नाभिः॑ । अ॒मृत॑म् । वि । जा॒य॒ते॒ ।
स॒मी॒ची॒नाः । सु॒ऽदान॑वः । प्री॒ण॒न्ति॒ । तम् । नरः॑ । हि॒तम् । अव॑ । मे॒ह॒न्ति॒ । पेर॑वः ॥

• ātmanvan ← ātmanvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “live.”

• nabho ← nabhaḥ ← nabhas
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “sky; cloud; ākāśa; air; abhra.”

• duhyate ← duh
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “milk.”

• ghṛtam ← ghṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “ghee; fat.”

• paya ← payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• nābhir ← nābhiḥ ← nābhi
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “navel; hub; kinship; beginning; origin; umbilical cord; nābhi [word]; friendship; center.”

• amṛtaṃ ← amṛtam ← amṛta
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “amṛta; immortality; vatsanābha; ambrosia; mercury; medicine; vighasa; calcium hydroxide.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• jāyate ← jan
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• samīcīnāḥ ← samīcīna
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “combined; real.”

• sudānavaḥ ← sudānu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “big; lavish.”

• prīṇanti ← prī
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “delight; gladden; satisfy; nutrify; comfort.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• naro ← naraḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• hitam ← hi
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• mehanti ← mih
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “make; moisten.”

• peravaḥ ← peru
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

आत्मन्वत् । अनो नुट्’ इति नुडागमः । आत्मवत् सारवत् घृतं पयः च नभः नभस आदित्यरूपात्सोमः दुह्यते । किंच ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य नाभिः । ‘णह बन्धने’ । ‘ स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्’ ( पा. सू. ७. १. २३) इति सोर्लुग्न भवति सर्वविधीनां छन्दसि विकल्पितत्वात् । नाभि यज्ञस्य बन्धकम् अमृतम् उदकं च वि जायते तस्मादेव प्रादुर्भवति । ततः सुदानवः शोभनस्तुतिहविर्दानवन्तो यजमानाः समीचीनाः परस्परं संगताः सन्तः तम् इदं सोमं प्रीणयन्ति स्तुतिभिस्तर्पयन्ति । अथ नरः नेतारः पेरवः । ‘ पा रक्षणे । मापोरित्वे रुन्’ इति रुन्प्रत्ययः । सर्वस्य रक्षकाः सोमरश्मयः हितं निहितम् अव अवस्ताद्वर्तमानं पार्थिवमुदकं मेहन्ति वर्षन्ति । ‘ मिह सेचने ’ । भौवादिकः । यद्वा । हितमुदकं पृथिवीं प्रति मेहन्ति ।

English translation:

“Full of sap the butter and milk is milked from heaven, the bond of the sacrifice, the water is genitive rated; the assembled liberal givers delight him; (the Soma-juices) the leaders, the protectors shower down the accusative ulated (water).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The bond: nābhiḥ = binding; from naḥ, to bind

The embodied cloud is milked of ghee and milk. The navel of truth, the immortal (drink) is born.
United, possessed of good drops, they please him. The swollen men piss down the one propelled.

This vs. sets out the identification between soma and rain most clearly (which is, nonetheless, not all that clear). In pāda a the “embodied cloud” (ātmanván nábhaḥ) is, on the one hand, a cloud, which produces rain (called ghee and milk); on the other, it must refer to something from which soma (called ghee and milk) is produced - most likely the soma plant, with Geldner (n. 4). The milk (páyaḥ) here seems not to refer to the actual milk mixture.

The word ātmanvánt-, which I render ‘embodied’ (others ‘living, breathing’), is found only three times in the RV, once in another Kakṣīvant hymn (I.116.3 to the Aśvins) and once in another Aśvin hymn, I.182.5. In both those passages it refers to a boat, and I suggest ad I.182.5 that this describes a boat with a cockpit, a substantial body. Here it would indicate that the cloud had enough substance (“body,” as in the Engl. metaphor) to yield significant amounts of liquid, and it may also sketch the rounded contours of a cloud.

In b, with most, I take soma to be the referent of ṛtásya nā́bhiḥ. See comm. ad IX.73.1.

The subj. of cd are in the first instance the priests, but in d esp. there is a double reading, with the Maruts pissing rain, as the priests “piss” down streams of soma by their ritual activity.

On péru- see EWA s.v.; ‘swelling’ is based on Lüders – see reff. in EWA.

Butter and milk are drawn from animated cloud; thence Amrta is produced, centre of sacrifice.
Hini the Most Bounteous Ones, ever united, love; him as ouir Friend the Men who make all swell rain down.

Aus der lebendigen Wolke wird Schmalz und Milch gemolken; der Nabel, der Mittelpunkt der Opferordnung, der Göttertrank, wird geboren. Vereint stellen ihn die Gabenschönen zufrieden; den zur Eile Getriebenen pissen die schwellenden Männer herab.

Belebter Wolke wird entzogen fette Milch, des Opfers Nabel wird erzeugt, der Göttertrank; Die gabenreichen im Verein erfreuen ihn, den lieben giessen Männer, die ihn brauten, aus.

Наделенное жизнью облако доится жиром, молоком.
Рождается пуп (вселенского) закона, напиток бессмертия.
Обьединенный вместе, с прекрасными дарами они радуются ему.
Набухшие мужи мочатся вниз (этим) спешащим.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जिस परमात्मा से (नभः) द्युमण्डल से (आत्मन्वत्) सारभूत (घृतम्) जलादिक (दुह्यते) दुहे जाते हैं और (ऋतस्य) जो सच्चाई की (नाभिः) नाभि है और (अमृतम्) अमृतस्वरूप है, वह (पयः) तृप्तिरूप परमात्मा (विजायते) सर्वत्र विराजमान है। (नरः) जो पुरुष उसकी उपासना करता है, (ते) उसको (पेरवः) सर्वरक्षक शक्तियें (प्रीणन्ति) तृप्त करती हैं और (समीचीनाः) सुन्दर (सुदानवः) दानशील शक्तियें उसके लिये (हितम्) हित की (अव मेहन्ति) वृष्टि करती हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष परमात्मा की आज्ञाओं का पालन करते हैं, परमात्मा उनके लिये अपनी दानशील शक्तियों से अनन्त प्रकार के ऐश्वर्यों की वृष्टि करता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - येन परमात्मना (नभः) आकाशमण्डलात् (आत्मन्वत्) सारभूतं (घृतम्) जलादिकं (दुह्यते) प्रपूर्यते अथ च (ऋतस्य नाभिः) सत्यस्य नाभिस्थानीयोऽस्ति तथा (अमृतम्) अमृतस्वरूपोऽस्ति सः (पयः) तृप्तिरूपः परमात्मा (विजायते) विराजमानो वर्तते। (नरः) यः पुरुषः तस्योपासनां करोति (तम्) तं पुरुषं (पेरवः) सर्वरक्षिकाः शक्तयः (प्रीणन्ति) तर्पयन्ति। अथ च (समीचीनाः) सुन्दराः (सुदानवः) दानशीलाश्शक्तयः तदर्थं (हितम्) हितस्य (अव मेहन्ति) वृष्टिं कुर्वन्ति ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

अ᳓रावीद् अंशुः᳓ स᳓चमान ऊर्मि᳓णा
देवावि᳓यम् म᳓नुषे पिन्वति त्व᳓चम्
द᳓धाति ग᳓र्भम् अ᳓दितेर् उप᳓स्थ आ᳓
ये᳓न तोकं᳓ च त᳓नयं च धा᳓महे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
aṁśúḥ ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

árāvīt ← √rū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sácamānaḥ ← √sac- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ūrmíṇā ← ūrmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

devāvyàm ← devāvī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

mánuṣe ← mánus- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pinvati ← √pinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tvácam ← tvác- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áditeḥ ← áditi- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

dádhāti ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gárbham ← gárbha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

upásthe ← upástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

dhā́mahe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

tánayam ← tánaya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tokám ← toká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yéna ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

अरा॑वीत् । अं॒शुः । सच॑मानः । ऊ॒र्मिणा॑ । दे॒व॒ऽअ॒व्य॑म् । मनु॑षे । पि॒न्व॒ति॒ । त्वच॑म् ।
दधा॑ति । गर्भ॑म् । अदि॑तेः । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । आ । येन॑ । तो॒कम् । च॒ । तन॑यम् । च॒ । धाम॑हे ॥

• arāvīd ← arāvīt ← ru
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “bellow; howl.”

• aṃśuḥ ← aṃśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• sacamāna ← sacamānaḥ ← sac
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

• ūrmiṇā ← ūrmi
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wave; billow.”

• devāvyam ← devāvī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• manuṣe ← manus
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Manu; man.”

• pinvati ← pinv
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “swell; swell; overflow; abound.”

• tvacam ← tvac
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “skin; bark; peel; hide; complexion; hide; Rasa; rind.”

• dadhāti ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• garbham ← garbha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fetus; garbha; inside; cavity; embryo; uterus; child; pit; garbhadruti; filling; pregnancy; room; abdomen; fertilization; inside; hole; baby; calyx; midst.”

• aditer ← aditeḥ ← aditi
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Aditi; aditi [word].”

• upastha ← upasthe ← upastha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yena ← yad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• tokaṃ ← tokam ← toka
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “offspring.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• tanayaṃ ← tanayam ← tanaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “son.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• dhāmahe ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

ऊर्मिणा वसतीवर्यादीनामुदकानां संघेन सचमानः अंशुः सोमः अरावीत् शब्दं करोति । किंच स सोमः देवाव्यम् । अव रक्षणे’ ।’ अवितॄस्तृतन्त्रिभ्य ईः’ इति ईप्रत्ययः । देवानां पालयित्रीं त्वचम् आत्मनः शरीरं मनुषे मनुष्याय यजमानाय पिन्वति सिञ्चति । पात्रेषु क्षरतीति यावत् ॥ अपि च अदितेः अदीनायाः पृथिव्याः उपस्थे समीप ओषधीषु तं गर्भम् आ दधाति सुधामयैः किरणैर्विदधाति । येन गर्भेण वयं तोकं दुःखनाशकं पुत्रं च तनयम् । तनोति कुलमिति तनयः पौत्रः । तं च धामहे दध्महे धारयामः । दधातेर्लटि ‘बहुलं छन्दसि’ इति शपो लुक् ॥ ॥ ३१ ॥

English translation:

“Combining with the wave the Soma utters a cry; he sprinkles his god-protecting body for the worshipper; he plural ces the germ upon the lap of the earth, whereby we acquire sons and grandsons.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

He sprinkles: i.e., distils into the vessels

The plant, keeping company with the wave, has roared. For Manu it swells the skin that seeks out the gods.
It deposits the embryo in the lap of Aditi, the one by which we will
acquire both progeny and prosperity.

A variety of identifications have been suggested for the various elements in this vs. See the various tr.

In pāda a sácamāna ūrmíṇā “keeping company with the wave” echoes 1c divó rétasā sacate “keeps company with the semen of heaven,” though here the presence of the subj. aṃśúḥ ‘plant’ seems to anchor the expression to the ritual, without cosmic dimensions. In the ritual realm it probably refers to a slightly different part of the ritual from the one depicted in 1c, despite the presence of water in both cases.

There it most likely referred to the mixing of the soma juice with water, after the pressing. Here because of aṃśúḥ I think it refers to the initial soaking of the plant before pressing. This is supported by b, where it, namely the soaking water, swells the skin (pinvati tvácam) - the skin being, in my view, the outer surface of the plant.

The adj. devāvī́- modifying ‘skin’ usually modifies soma itself (see Scarlatta 498), referring to the juice’s journey after pressing to the place where it will be offered to the gods. Here the various moments in the ritual are collapsed: it is not the skin, but the juice pressed from the skin, that seeks the gods.

However, in b the skin may also be the waterskin=cloud from which rain is produced (see, e.g., V.83.7) and in that case the plant of a could also be a cloud, roaring with thunder.

The 2nd hemistich is bookended by verb forms of √dhā: #dádhāti …dhā́mahe#. This etymological connection cannot easily be captured in English because each verb has an idiomatic sense: the first for the setting of an embryo, i.e., impregnation; the 2nd in the middle in the sense of ‘acquire’. Both ritual and cosmic readings are available here.

It is not clear to me whether Aditi here has any meaningful connection with the Aditi in 3b or is simply a reference to the ritual ground.

The Soma-stalk hath roared, following with the wave: he swells with sap for man the skin which Gods enjoy.
Upon the lap of Aditi he lays the germ, by means whereof we gain children and progeny.

Der Stengel hat gebrüllt, sich mit der Woge vereinend; er schwellt für den Menschen den göttereinladenden Schlauch an. Er legt in der Aditi Schoß den Keim, durch den wir Samen und leibliche Nachkommenschaft erlangen.

Es braust der Saft, wenn er mit Wellen sich ergiesst, dem Menschen füllt den Schlauch er, der die Götter labt, Den Fruchtkeim legt er in den Schooss der Aditi, durch den wir Kinder und der Enkel Schar empfahn.

Взревел стебель, сопровождаемый волной.
Для человека он делает набухшим бурдюк, привлекающий богов.
Он влагает в лоно Адити зародыша,
Благодаря которому мы получаем продолжение рода.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऊर्मिणा) अपने आनन्दलहरों से (सचमानः) संगत (अंशुः) सर्वव्यापक परमात्मा (अरावीत्) सदुपदेश करता है और (मनुषे) मनुष्य के लिये (देवाव्यं त्वचम्) देवभाव को पैदा करनेवाले शरीर को (पिन्वति) पुष्ट करता है तथा (अदितेः उपस्थे) इस पृथिवी पर (गर्भम्) नाना प्रकार के औषधियों के उत्पत्तिरूप गर्भ को (आ दधाति) धारण कराता है, (येन) जिससे (तोकम्) दुःख के नाश करनेवाले (तनयम्) पुत्र-पौत्र को (धामहे) हम लोग धारण करें॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की कृपा से ही सुकर्मा पुरुष को नीरोग और दिव्य शरीर मिलता है, जिससे वह सत्सन्तति को प्राप्त होकर इस संसार में अभ्युदयशालीबनता है ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऊर्मिणा) स्वीयानन्दतरङ्गैः (सचमानः) सङ्गतः (अंशुः) व्यापकः परमात्मा (अरावीत्) सदुपदेशं करोति। अथ च (मनुषे) मनुष्याय (देवाव्यं त्वचम्) देवभावोत्पादकं शरीरं (पिन्वति) पुष्णाति। तथा (अदितेः उपस्थे) अस्याः पृथिव्याः (गर्भम्) नानाविधौषधेरुत्पत्तिरूपं गर्भं (आ दधाति) धारयति। (येन) यतः (तोकम्) दुःखनाशकं (तनयम्) पुत्रपौत्रादिकं (धामहे) वयं धारयेम ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

सह᳓स्रधारे अ᳓व ता᳓ असश्च᳓तस्
तृती᳓ये सन्तु र᳓जसि प्रजा᳓वतीः
च᳓तस्रो ना᳓भो नि᳓हिता अवो᳓ दिवो᳓
हवि᳓र् भरन्ति अमृ᳓तं घृतश्चु᳓तः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asaścátaḥ ← asaścát- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

áva ← áva (invariable)

sahásradhāre ← sahásradhāra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

tā́ḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

prajā́vatīḥ ← prajā́vant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

rájasi ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

santu ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tr̥tī́ye ← tr̥tī́ya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

avás ← avás (invariable)

cátasraḥ ← catúr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

nā́bhaḥ ← nábh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

níhitāḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

amŕ̥tam ← amŕ̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bharanti ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ghr̥taścútaḥ ← ghr̥taścút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

havíḥ ← havís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

स॒हस्र॑ऽधारे । अव॑ । ताः । अ॒स॒श्चतः॑ । तृ॒तीये॑ । स॒न्तु॒ । रज॑सि । प्र॒जाऽव॑तीः ।
चत॑स्रः । नाभः॑ । निऽहि॑ताः । अ॒वः । दि॒वः । ह॒विः । भ॒र॒न्ति॒ । अ॒मृत॑म् । घृ॒त॒ऽश्चुतः॑ ॥

• sahasradhāre ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasradhāre ← dhāre ← dhārā
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• ‘va ← ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• tā ← tāḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• asaścatas ← asaścataḥ ← asaścat
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “inexhaustible.”

• tṛtīye ← tṛtīya
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “third; neuter; tṛtīya [word]; homosexual.”

• santu ← as
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• rajasi ← rajas
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• prajāvatīḥ ← prajāvat
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “prolific.”

• catasro ← catasraḥ ← catur
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “four; catur [word].”

• nābho ← nābhaḥ ← nābh
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• nihitā ← nihitāḥ ← nidhā ← √dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “put; fill into; stow; insert; ignite; insert; add; put on; establish; keep down.”

• avo ← avas
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• havir ← haviḥ ← havis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

• bharanty ← bharanti ← bhṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• amṛtaṃ ← amṛtam ← amṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “amṛta; immortality; vatsanābha; ambrosia; mercury; medicine; vighasa; calcium hydroxide.”

• ghṛtaścutaḥ ← ghṛtaścut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “ghee-dripping.”

सहस्रधारे बहूदकधारे तृतीये रजसि लोके स्वर्गे वर्तमानाः असश्चतः परस्परमसक्ताः प्रजावतीः उत्पादितप्रजावत्यः सोमस्य स्वभूताः ताः अव सन्तु अवस्तात्पृथिव्यां पतन्तु । कास्ता इत्याह । चतस्रो नाभः तपसो बाधिकाः सोमस्य संबन्धिन्यश्चतस्रो दीप्तयः कला: दिवः द्युलोकात् अवः अवस्तात् निहिताः सोमेन स्थापिताः ताः घृतश्चुतः घृतस्योदकस्य च्यावयित्र्यः सत्यः हविः सोमादिलक्षणं भरन्ति देवानां प्रयच्छन्ति । तथा अमृतं गोष्वोषधीषु च पयोरूपं सुधारूपं च भरन्ति प्रक्षिपन्ति ॥

English translation:

“May those (juices) which are in the third world, the world of many streams, unconnected, bestowing progeny, descend; the four digits (of the Soma) sent down from heaven bearing water bring the oblation and the nectar.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The four digits: nābhaḥ = rays, dīptayaḥ; or, digits (kalaḥ) of the Soma; derived from nābhas, heaven and the root naḥ, to bind (nābhaḥ = nabhaso bādhikaḥ, obstructing heaven)

Let there be inexhaustible (streams) down in the (filter) of a thousand streams, and in the third realm (streams) bringing offspring.
The four hidden (streams), bursting down from heaven, dripping with ghee, carry the oblation, the immortal (drink).

The first pāda, sahásradhāré ‘va tā́ḥ asaścatáḥ is an abbreviated version of IX.73.4ab sahásradhāré ‘va té sám asvaran, … aśaścatáḥ. As in that vs. the earthly soma streams in the filter (a) are contrasted with (b) those in heaven (“the third realm” tṛtī́ye … rájasi, comparable to 73.4b divó nā́ke), though the latter are also probably rain.

The interpr. of the 2nd hemistich is complicated by the unclear hapax nā́bhaḥ in c. Numerous suggestions have been made about its meaning: clouds (von Schröder, etc.; see Schindler), openings (Oldenberg, fld. by Maurer), teats (Geldner), spurts (Renou), springs (Lüders 285, Doniger); for disc. see Schindler, Rt Nouns, s.v. nábh- and EWA s.v. NABH. Before focusing on the sense, it’s useful to observe that nā̆bh is a favorite phonological configuration for this poet: see nearly matching 4a nábho, in the same metrical position as our nā́bho, as well as 4b nā́bhir likewise in that position. We can also, at least in my view, eliminate the supposed root noun nábh- in I.174.8 from consideration and potential connection, since I take nábhaḥ there as a verb form. See comm. ad loc. With many (e.g., tentatively EWA), I connect nā́bhaḥ here with the root √nabh ‘burst’, and suggest that it has the adjectival sense ‘bursting’; the underlying noun subject is surely ‘streams’ again, referring to both the heavenly soma and the rain. The union of those two with the earthly soma is described in d.

Why “four” is not entirely clear. Our passage might be illuminated by IX.89.5 cátasra īṃ ghrtad ̥ úhaḥ sacante “four, yielding ghee as their milk, accompany him” if there is any illumination to be gotten from that passage. Cf. also I.62.6, VIII.100.10, both with fem. ‘four’ and varieties of liquid nourishment. The most likely explanation for the “four” is suggested by Geldner’s tr of nā́bhaḥ as “Zitzen(?)” (see also his n. 6c). Although I do not think that nā́bh- means ‘teat’ directly, I think the number four suggests that the streams here are likened to them: cows generally have four teats.

Another similarity between this passage and IX.89.5 leads me to alter the published translation here. The four in our passage are níhitāḥ (ní √dhā), which, with Renou, I tr.

“hidden.” But this ppl. is paralleled in IX.89.5 by the fuller phrase samāné antár dharúṇe níṣattāḥ “set down within the same support,” with an almost synonymous ppl. cmpd ní-ṣatta-: ní √sad), also characterizing the four. There I take níṣatta- in its literal sense and suggest that the “same support” might be the udder itself. I now wonder if níhitāḥ should also be taken literally here and mean “the four, deposited (in the udder), bursting …”

In the third region which distils a thousand streams, may the Exhaustless Ones descend with procreant power.
The kindred Four have been sent downward from the heavens: dropping with oil they bring Amrta and sacred gifts.

Auf die Seihe mit tausend Abtraufen rinnen diese Ströme herab; im dritten Weltraum müssen sie Nachwuchs haben. Vier Zitzen sind unterhalb des Himmels angebracht. Die Schmalzträufenden tragen den Göttertrank als Opfer.

Die reichen Brunnen in dem tausendströmigen, dem dritten Luftraum, mögen Kinderschar verleihn, Vier Quellen sind vom Himmel nieder eingesetzt, Sie bringen buttertriefend her den Göttertrank.

В (цедилку) с тысячей протоков с(текают) эти неиссякающие (струи сомы).
Да принесут они потомство в третьем пространстве!
Четыре тайных отверстия, (обращенных) вниз с неба,
Сочась жиром, приносят в качестве жертвы напиток бессмертия.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सहस्रधारे) अनन्त प्रकार के ऐश्वर्यवाले (तृतीये) तीसरे अन्तरिक्षलोक में (रजसि) जो रजोगुणविशिष्ट है, उसमें (प्रजावतीः) नाना प्रकार की प्रजावाले ऐश्वर्य (सन्तु) हमको प्राप्त हों। (असश्चतः) जो ऐश्वर्य जीवन को अशक्त करनेवाले न हों, (ताः) वे शक्तियें (घृतः चुतः) जो नाना प्रकार के स्निग्ध पदार्थों की देनेवाली हैं (हविः) औरहविरूप अमृत को देनेवाली हैं और जो (दिवः अवः निहिताः) द्युलोक के नीचे रक्खी हुई हैं, जिनमें (चतस्रः नाभः) चार प्रकार की दीप्ति है अर्थात् धर्म, अर्थ, काम, मोक्ष चारों प्रकार के फल संयुक्त हैं, वे शक्तियें परमात्मा हमें प्रदान करे॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा जिन पर प्रसन्न होता है, उनको चारोंप्रकार के फलों का प्रदान करता है ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सहस्रधारे) नानविधैश्वर्यवति (तृतीये) तृतीयेऽन्तरिक्षलोके (रजसि) यो लोको रजोगुणविशिष्टोऽस्ति तस्मिन् (प्रजावतीः) नानाविधप्रजावन्त्यैश्वर्याणि (सन्तु) अस्मान् मिलन्तु। (असश्चतः) यान्यैश्वर्याणि जीवात्मनोऽशक्तकारीणि न भवन्ति (ताः) ताश्शक्तयः (घृतः चुतः) या नानाविधस्निग्धपदार्थदात्र्यः (हविः) हवीरूपं (अमृतं भरन्ति) अमृतं ददति। अथ च याः (दिवः अवः निहिताः) द्युलोकस्याधः स्थितास्तथा यासु (चतस्रः नाभः) चतुर्विधा दीप्तयः सन्ति, धर्मार्थकाममोक्षफलयुता इति यावत् ताश्शक्तीः परमात्मास्मभ्यं ददातु ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

श्वेतं᳓ रूपं᳓ कृणुते य᳓त् सि᳓षासति
सो᳓मो मीढ्वाँ᳓ अ᳓सुरो वेद भू᳓मनः
धिया᳓ श᳓मी सचते से᳓म् अभि᳓ प्रव᳓द्
दिव᳓स् क᳓वन्धम् अ᳓व दर्षद् उद्रि᳓णम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
kr̥ṇute ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rūpám ← rūpá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

síṣāsati ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

śvetám ← śvetá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ásuraḥ ← ásura- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bhū́manaḥ ← bhū́man- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

mīḍhvā́n ← mīḍhváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

veda ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

īm ← īm (invariable)

pravát ← pravát- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sacate ← √sac- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śámī ← śámī- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

áva ← áva (invariable)

darṣat ← √dr̥- ~ dr̥̄- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

kávandham ← kávandha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

udríṇam ← udrín- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

श्वे॒तम् । रू॒पम् । कृ॒णु॒ते॒ । यत् । सिसा॑सति । सोमः॑ । मी॒ढ्वान् । असु॑रः । वे॒द॒ । भूम॑नः ।
धि॒या । शमी॑ । स॒च॒ते॒ । सः । ई॒म् । अ॒भि । प्र॒ऽवत् । दि॒वः । कव॑न्धम् । अव॑ । द॒र्ष॒त् । उ॒द्रिण॑म् ॥

• śvetaṃ ← śvetam ← śveta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “white; bright; śveta [word]; bright.”

• rūpaṃ ← rūpam ← rūpa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “form; appearance; beauty; look; shape; shape; symptom; feature; nature; guise; rūpa [word]; one; appearance; likeness; color; kind; vowel; type; disguise; aspect; form; derivative; omen; vision.”

• kṛṇute ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• siṣāsati ← siṣās ← √san
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “win; gain.”

• somo ← somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• mīḍhvāṃ ← mīḍhvas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “big.”

• asuro ← asuraḥ ← asura
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Asura; lord; asura [word]; sulfur.”

• veda ← vid
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

• bhūmanaḥ ← bhūman
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “Earth; floor.”

• dhiyā ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• śamī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “Prosopis spicigera Linn.; śamī [word]; Acacia sundra; attempt; labor.”

• sacate ← sac
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

• sem ← sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• sem ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• pravad ← pravat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “slope; river.”

• divas ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• kavandham ← kabandha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “torso; kabandha; hose.”

• ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• darṣad ← darṣat ← dṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “burst; burst.”

• udriṇam ← udrin
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “filled with water.”

श्वेतं दीप्यमानं शुक्लं रूपं कृणुते तदा करोति यत् यदा सिषासति स्वर्गं संभक्तुमिच्छति । सोमे पात्राण्यागते सति तत्तेजसानुरञ्जितानां तेषां श्वेतं रूपं भवति । ततः मीढ्वान् । ‘मिह सेचने । अस्मात् क्वसौ ‘ दाश्वान्साह्वान्मीढ्वांश्च’ इति निपातनादभिमतरूपसिद्धिः । कामानां सेक्ता असुरः प्राज्ञो बलवान् वा सोमः भूमनः बहुधनानि वेद स्तोतृभ्यो दातुं जानाति । प्रयच्छतीति यावत् । स ईम् । “ सोऽचि लोपे चेत’ इति सुलोपः । सोऽयं धिया प्रज्ञानेन प्रवत् प्रकृष्टानि शमी । द्वितीयायाः पूर्वसवर्णदीर्घः । कर्माणि अभि सचते अभितः समवैति । किंच दिवः अन्तरिक्षात् उद्रिणम् उदकवन्तं कवन्धं मेघम् । कवन्धशब्देन मेघोऽभिधीयते । तात्स्थ्यात्ताच्छब्द्यमिति । मेघम् अव दर्षत् अवदारयति । विवृतद्वारं करोति । मेघं विदार्यान्तरिक्षात् वृष्टिं करोतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“When the Soma seeks to gain (heaven) he assumes a white colour; showering (benefits), powerful he knows (how to bestow) abundant wealth (upon the worshippers). He by his wisdom is associated with excellent rites; he bursts asunder the rain cloud from heaven.”

He makes himself a white form when he is striving to win. Soma,
benefactor and lord, knows the world.
He keeps company with insight and (ritual) labor—that is the course (that leads) to him. He will split open the water-filled cask of heaven.

As just noted, yát síṣāsati is identical to yád … síṣāsati in 1b, and śvetáṃ rūpám “white form” seems the equivalent of svár ‘sun’, the obj. of síṣāsati in the earlier vs. - both referring to the milk mixture. It might be possible to take yád here as neut. rel. with rūpám and tr. “he makes for himself the/a white form that he is striving to win,” although I’m not sure that’s an improvement. In any case, I think the point is that Soma has attained the milk he was striving for.

Pāda b seems something of a non sequitur, and it may be that bhū́man-, which has a range of senses, should be tr. differently (Geldner tr. Natur) - although in the preceding hymn, IX.73.5, in the phrase bhū́mano divás pári it clearly means ‘earth’.

Perhaps it contrasts with diváḥ in d and should be tr. “Soma … knows the earth” - the point being that the earthly Soma is fulfilling his ritual tasks, which will enable him to make contact with the heavenly soma and bring it as rain from heaven in d.

Note that this is the first time that the word sóma- appears in the hymn, and the only occurrence outside of the extra-hymnic vs. 9.

As just noted, sacate reprises the same verb in 1c and its equivalent participle in 5a sácamānaḥ. In both those cases soma was “keeping company” with a physical element of the ritual, namely water. Here the instr. express the human activity in the sacrifice: dhī́- ‘insight’, perhaps better here ‘insightful/visionary thought’ - that is the hymn - and śámī- ‘ritual labor’. This acknowledgement of the human contribution to the soma sacrifice is also found in the next vs.; otherwise it is absent from the hymn, except passingly and enigmatically noted in 4cd. Through most of the hymn Soma is presented as the only actor and agent of the ritual.

The problem in this pāda is pravát, which has received various analyses. See esp. the possibilities laid out by Oldenberg, as well as the nn. of Geldner and Renou Of the choices, I prefer the nom. sg. Since the stem pravát- is fem. this requires reading sā́/ īm against Pp sáḥ / īm, but this actually improves the reading, since with the masc. prn.

we would expect sá īm in the Saṃhitā text (cf., e.g, IX.88.2). I take sém abhí pravát as a self-contained, almost parenthetical clause: it explains what precedes in the same pāda, namely that the hymns and physical ritual labor of the sacrificers are the way to approach Soma.

And this in turn will lead to his producing rain in d, by splitting open the cask of heaven. This “splitting” (áva darṣat) is perhaps thematically related to the “bursting” down from heaven (nā́bhaḥ … avó diváḥ) in 6c, if that’s what nā́bhmeans. It is difficult to render the áva in the lexeme áva darṣat, but áva is a Lieblingswort of this poet: see 1a, 4d, 6a, as well as aváḥ in 6c - all presumably in service of the “rain down from heaven” theme.

Soma assumes white colour when he strives to gain: the bounteous Asura knows full many a precious boon.
Down the steep slope, through song, he comes to sacrifice, and he will burst the water-holding cask of heaven,

Er nimmt weiße Farbe an, wenn er das Ziel gewinnen will. Soma, der belohnende Asura, kennt die ganze Natur. Er ist von der Dichtkunst und dem Werkdienst begleitet; er sucht seine Bahnen auf. Den wasserhaltenden Schlauch des Himmels möge er nach unten aufreißen.

Er macht sein Aussehn glänzend, wenn er spenden will, der Gaben Fülle kennt der gnadenreiche Gott; Lust und Arbeit strebt zu ihm der jähe Strom, die wasserreiche Himmelstonne spalte er.

Белый цвет он принимает, когда хочет завоевать.
Сома щедрый, Асура, знает (весь) мир.
Он сопровождается молитвой и жертвенным трудом. Он (стекает) по склону.
Да прорвет он вниз водяной бурдюк неба!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्) जब (सिषासति) मनुष्य सुखप्रद ऐश्वर्य को चाहता है, तब परमात्मा उसके लिये (श्वेतं रूपं कृणुते) ऐश्वर्ययुत रूप करता है। (मीढ्वान्) सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्यों का देनेवाला (सोमः) परमात्मा (भूमनः) सब लोक-लोकान्तरों का (वेद) ज्ञाता है। (स ईम्) वह परमात्मा इस उपासक को (धिया) ब्रह्मविषयिणी बुद्धि द्वारा (सचते) संगत होता है और वह (दिवः) इस द्युलोक से (उद्रिणम्) बहुत जलवाले (कवन्धम्) वृष्टि को (अवदर्षत्) उत्पन्न करता है और (प्रवत्) रुद्र (शमी) कर्मवाले (असुरः) राक्षसों को दण्ड (अभि) देता है॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग अनन्य भक्ति द्वारा परमात्मपरायण होते हैं, परमात्मा उनको अवश्यमेव तेजस्वी बनाता है और जो दुष्कर्मी बनकर अन्याय करते हैं, परमात्मा उनको अवश्यमेव दण्ड देता है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्) यदा (सिषासति) मनुष्यः सुखप्रदान्यैश्वर्याण्यभि- वाञ्छति तदा परमेश्वरस्तदर्थम् (श्वेतं रूपं कृणुते) ऐश्वर्ययुतं रूपं करोति। (मीढ्वान्) सर्वविधैश्वर्यदः (सोमः) परमात्मा (भूमनः) अखिलस्य लोकस्य (वेद) ज्ञातास्ति। (स ईम्) स परमात्मा एनं (धिया) ब्रह्मविषयिण्या बुद्ध्या (सचते) सङ्गतो भवति। अथ स परमेश्वरः (दिवः) द्युलोकात् (उद्रिणम्) समधिकजलवतीं (कवन्धम्) वृष्टिम् (अवदर्षत्) उत्पादयति। तथा (प्रवत् शमी) रुद्रकर्मवतः (असुरः) राक्षसान् दण्डम् (अभि) अभिददाति। उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः ॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अ᳓ध श्वेतं᳓ कल᳓शं गो᳓भिर् अक्तं᳓
का᳓र्ष्मन्न् आ᳓ वाजी᳓ अक्रमीत् ससवा᳓न्
आ᳓ हिन्विरे म᳓नसा देवय᳓न्तः
कक्षी᳓वते शत᳓हिमाय गो᳓नाम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ádha ← ádha (invariable)

aktám ← √añj- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

góbhiḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

kaláśam ← kaláśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śvetám ← śvetá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

akramīt ← √kramⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

kā́rṣman ← kā́rṣman- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

sasavā́n ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

vājī́ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

devayántaḥ ← √devay- (UNK_TYPE)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hinvire ← √hi- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

mánasā ← mánas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

gónām ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

kakṣī́vate ← kakṣī́vant- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

śatáhimāya ← śatáhima- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

अध॑ । श्वे॒तम् । क॒लश॑म् । गोभिः॑ । अ॒क्तम् । कार्ष्म॑न् । आ । वा॒जी । अ॒क्र॒मी॒त् । स॒स॒ऽवान् ।
आ । हि॒न्वि॒रे॒ । मन॑सा । दे॒व॒ऽयन्तः॑ । क॒क्षीव॑ते । श॒तऽहि॑माय । गोना॑म् ॥

• adha
• [adverb]
• “then; and; therefore; now.”

• śvetaṃ ← śvetam ← śveta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “white; bright; śveta [word]; bright.”

• kalaśaṃ ← kalaśam ← kalaśa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “jar.”

• gobhir ← gobhiḥ ← go
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• aktaṃ ← aktam ← añj
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “smear; anoint; mix; color.”

• kārṣmann ← kārṣman
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• vājy ← vājī ← vājin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• akramīt ← kram
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

• sasavān ← san
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “win; get; gain.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• hinvire ← hi
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• manasā ← manas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “mind; Manas; purpose; idea; attention; heart; decision; manas [word]; manas [indecl.]; spirit; temper; intelligence.”

• devayantaḥ ← devay
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “solicit.”

• kakṣīvate ← kakṣīvant
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Kakṣīvant; kakṣīvant [word].”

• śatahimāya ← śata
• [noun], neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• śatahimāya ← himāya ← hima
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “snow; frost; hima [word]; winter; tin; silver; pearl; sauvīrāñjana; year; ague; Himalayas; coldness.”

• gonām ← go
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

अध अथानन्तरं श्वेतं संप्रति सोमसंसर्गात् श्वेतवर्णं गोभिः उदकैः अक्तं संपृक्तं द्रोणकलशं ससवान् संभजन सोमः आ अक्रमीत् आक्रमते । कार्ष्मन्। कार्ष्मशब्दः काष्ठावचनः । आजिं धावन्तो योद्धारो यां गन्तुमिच्छन्ति तस्यां काष्ठायां वाजी कश्चिदश्वो युद्धं भजमान आक्रमीत् आक्रमते । सोमः काष्ठायां द्रोणकलशे पततीत्यर्थः । ततस्तस्मै सोमाय देवयन्तः देवानिच्छन्त ऋत्विजः मनसा आ हिन्विरे स्तुतीराभिमुख्येन प्रेरयन्ति । तत्र शतहिमाय बहुगमनाय कक्षीवते स्तोत्रकारिण एतन्नामकायर्षये सोमः गोनां गाः पशून् प्रेरयति । ’ गोः पादान्ते ’ (पा. . ७. १. ५७ ) इति नुडागमः । ‘ क्रियाग्रहणं कर्तव्यम्’ इति संप्रदानसंज्ञा । चतुर्थ्यर्थे षष्ठी ॥

English translation:

“Thus the Soma successfully reaches the white water besprinkled pitcher like a horse (reaching) the goal; the devout (priests) stimulate him with their praise; (he bestows) cattle upon Kakṣīvat who has seen a hundred winters.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Successfully reaches: sasavān = saṃbhajan, enjoying, possessing; who has seen a hundred winters: śatahimāya = bahugamanāya, i.e. one who attains many things; elsewhere, śatahimāya = aparimita-kālā, lasting for an endless time

And the racehorse, having won, has stridden to the gleaming white tub anointed with cows, at the finish line.
Those serving the gods propel him with their mind. (Let there be a
hundred) cows for Kakṣīvant of a hundred winters.

This is the triumphant realization of the quest set in motion in vs. 1. The race horse (vājī́) of 1b reappears here having won (sasavā́n) at the finish line (kā́rṣman) what it was seeking to win (síṣāsati) there - namely the milk, here given a very full expression: śvetáṃ [recurring from 7a] kaláśaṃ góbhir aktám “the gleaming white tub anointed with cows.” This first hemistich plus pāda c is the actual end of the hymn, and so this successful resolution of vs. 1 provides a thematic ring. Pāda c reintroduces the human ritual personnel, who propel Soma in his guise as racehorse—thus allowing the priest-poets to take some credit for the successful conclusion of the sacrifice, after having been shut out for most of the hymn. Pāda d is a snatch of a dānastuti, and vs. 9 seems an afterthought tacked onto the hymn. Or such is my analysis; most of the other tr. attempt to link the second hemistich with the first, syntactically and thematically. Most radically Geldner (fld. by Doniger), who makes d dependent on sasavā́n in b, with c a parenthetical intrusion. Maurer, by contrast, makes d the obj.

of c, which does less violence to the order of elements but is still, to my mind, unsatisfactory. Among other things soma is the usual object of √hi in IX, which contains multiple exx., and so making the cows (somehow) the object violates formulaic expectations. Cf. esp. IX.106.11 hinvanti vājínam, with soma identified as a vājín as here.

It is easy to understand the attempts of others to link d with something else in the vs., because it consists only of a dative phrase (kakṣī́vate śatáhimāya) and a gen. pl. (gónām). However, as I just remarked, this pāda seems to be an abbreviated dānastuti, with the dāna specified and no stuti given, but the poet and would-be recipient emphatically named. In such circumstances condensed phraseology is not surprising. Geldner appositely cites as parallel I.126.2 śatáṃ kakṣī́vān ásurasya gónām “A hundred cows of the lord (have I,) Kakṣīvant, (taken).” In our passage the “hundred” is cleverly tucked into the adj. śatáhima-, which otherwise presumably expresses Kakṣīvant’s proleptic wish for a 100-year lifespan; it seems unlikely that he is already that old.

Yea, to the shining milk-anointed beaker, as to his goal, hath stepped the conquering Courser.
Pious-souled men have sent their giffi of cattle unto Kaksivan of the hundred winters.

Nun ist er in die weiße, mit Milch gefärbte Kufe gegangen, der Preisrenner ist durchs Ziel gegangen, nachdem er für den hundertjährigen Kaksivat hundert Rinder gewonnen hat. - Im Herzen nach dem Gott verlangend sputen sie sich.

Jetzt ist der Renner, nachdem er das gewünschte erlangt hat, zum Ziele der Rennbahn geschritten, in den mit Milch gesalbten weissen Krug; die frommen Männer haben gern dem hundertjährigen Kakschīvat Kühe zum Geschenk gesandt.

Вот он (вошел) в белый, окрашенный коровьим (молоком) кувшин,
Скакун, выигравший (заезд), вступил на борозду.
Преданные богам (люди) поторопились его мыслью.
Какшиванту, которому сто зим, (пусть завоюет он сто) коров!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अध) जब (श्वेतं कलशम्) सत्त्वगुणविशिष्ट अन्तःकरण को (गोभिः) जो इन्द्रियवृत्तियों से (अक्तम्) राञ्जित है (कार्ष्मन्) जो अत्यन्त शुद्ध हो गया है, उसमें (वाजी) बलवान् परमात्मा (आक्रमीत्) अपनी दीप्ति द्वारा प्रविष्ट होता है। उस परमात्मा का (ससवान्) भजन करता हुआ (मनसा देवयन्तः) मन से प्रकाश करते हुए (गोनाम्) पृथिव्यादि लोक-लोकान्तरों के (शतहिमाय) सौ हेमन्तऋतुपर्यन्त अनन्त प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य को (कक्षीवते) विद्वान् के लिये (हिन्विरे) प्रेरणा करता है॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष शुद्धि की पराकाष्ठा को पहुँच जाता है, परमात्मा उस पर अवश्यमेव दया करता है ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अध) यदा (श्वेतं कलशम्) सत्त्वगुणविशिष्टमन्तःकरणं (गोभिः) इन्द्रियवृत्तिभिः (अक्तम्) रञ्जितं तथा (कार्ष्मन्) अतिशुद्धं तस्मिन् (वाजी) बलवान् परमेश्वरः (आक्रमीत्) स्वदीप्त्या प्रविशति। तं परमात्मानं (ससवान्) सम्भजन् (मनसा देवयन्तः) मनसा प्रकाशयन् (गोनाम्) पृथिव्यादिलोकलोकान्तराणां (शतहिमाय) शतहिमर्तुपर्यन्तं नानाविधमैश्वर्यं (कक्षीवते) विदुषे (हिन्विरे) प्रेरयति ॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कक्षीवान्
• छन्दः - जगती

अद्भिः᳓ सोम पपृचान᳓स्य ते र᳓सो
अ᳓व्यो वा᳓रं वि᳓ पवमान धावति
स᳓ मृज्य᳓मानः कवि᳓भिर् मदिन्तम
स्व᳓दस्वे᳓न्द्राय पवमान पीत᳓ये

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
adbhíḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

papr̥cānásya ← √pr̥c- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

rásaḥ ← rása- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

ávyaḥ ← ávi- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

dhāvati ← √dhāv- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pavamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vā́ram ← vā́ra- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

kavíbhiḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

madintama ← madíntama- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mr̥jyámānaḥ ← √mr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pavamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

pītáye ← pītí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

svádasva ← √svad- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

अ॒त्ऽभिः । सो॒म॒ । प॒पृ॒चा॒नस्य॑ । ते॒ । रसः॑ । अव्यः॑ । वार॑म् । वि । प॒व॒मा॒न॒ । धा॒व॒ति॒ ।
सः । मृ॒ज्यमा॑नः । क॒विऽभिः॑ । म॒दि॒न्ऽत॒म॒ । स्वद॑स्व । इन्द्रा॑य । प॒व॒मा॒न॒ । पी॒तये॑ ॥

• adbhiḥ ← ap
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• papṛcānasya ← pṛc
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “mix; unite.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• raso ← rasaḥ ← rasa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mercury; juice; medicine; rasa; alchemy; liquid; Rasa; mahārasa; taste; broth; elixir; resin; rasa; essence; six; water; soup; liquid body substance; rasa; formulation; myrrh; rasa [word]; amṛta; purpose; delight; solution; milk; beverage; alcohol; sap; nectar; Rasātala.”

• ‘vyo ← avyaḥ ← avya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• vāraṃ ← vāram ← vāra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “strainer.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• pavamāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• dhāvati ← dhāv
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run; run; wash.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• mṛjyamānaḥ ← mṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• kavibhir ← kavibhiḥ ← kavi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• madintama
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “exhilarating; intoxicant.”

• svadasvendrāya ← svadasva ← svad
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “sweeten.”

• svadasvendrāya ← indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pavamāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• pītaye ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

हे पवमान पवित्रेण पूयमान हे सोम अद्भिः वसतीवर्यादिभिरुदकैः पपृचानस्य संपृच्यमानस्य ते तव रसः अव्यः अवेः वारं वालं दशापवित्रं वि धावति विविधं प्राप्नोति । ततो हे मदिन्तम मादयितृतम हे पवमान सोम त्वं कविभिः क्रान्तकर्मभिर्ऋत्विग्भिः मृज्यमानः पूयमानः सन् इन्द्राय पीतये इन्द्रस्य पानार्थं स्वदस्व प्रियरसो भव ॥ ॥ ३२ ॥

English translation:

“Purified Soma, when you are diluted with the water your juice passes through the woollen fleece; cleansed by the sages, O exhilarating purified (Soma), be sweet-flavoured for Indra to drink.”

Your juice, when you have been infused with the waters, runs through the sheep’s fleece, o self-purifying one.
Being groomed by the poets, become sweet for Indra to drink, o most exhilarating self-purifying one.

As I just noted, this vs. seems to be an extra-hymnic afterthought and is stylistically and thematically detached from the rest of the hymn. It is the only one containing 2nd ps. reference, which is insistently carried here by four vocc. (a soma, b pavamāna, c madintama, d pavamāna), an enclitic prn. te (a), and an impv. (d svádasva). It also contains only the 2nd naming of soma (cf. 7b) and the only forms of the root √pū, as well as other standards of the somic lexicon (a rása-; b ávyo vā́ram, ví √dhāv; c √mṛj, madintama; d índrāya … pītáye). In other words, all the clichés - maddeningly absent from the rest of the hymn - are trotted out, like a global example of poetic repair, as if to say, “if you were too dim to figure it out, this is what it was about!” It is not possible to decide whether Kakṣīvant himself added this magic decoder ring or whether it was appended secondarily. IX.74 is the last of the 9-vs. trimeter hymns, so it could have originally been an 8-vs. hymn to which the clarifying vs. was added. The fact that vs. 8 is in Triṣṭubh in an otherwise Jagatī hymn might indirectly suggest that, since final vss. are sometimes in a different meter from the rest of their hymn and, if we remove vs. 9, vs. 8 would be the final vs., ending with Kakṣīvant’s plea for dāna. But it is certainly possible to imagine Kakṣīvant having his little joke by supplying the key to the hymn in an appendix vs. _________ 75-79
This next group of hymns is attributed to Kavi Bhārgava, also the poet of the Gāyatrī hymns IX.47-49. They are refreshingly free of the puzzles and contortions of the first set of trimeter hymns.

Soma, thy juice when thou art blended with the streams, flows, Pavamana, through the long wool of the sheep.
So, cleansed by sages. O best giver of delight, grow sweet for Indra, Pavamana! for his drink.

Dein Saft, o Soma, wenn du mit Wasser gesättigt bist, läuft durch das Schafhaar, o Pavamana. Von den Weisen sauber gemacht, du Berauschendster, sei schmackhaft zum Trunke für Indra, o Pavamana!

Dein Saft, o Soma, der mit Wasser ist vermischt, o flammender, durchströmt des Widders Wolle rings, So schmecke gut denn, flammender, berauschendster zum Trunk dem Indra, von den Priestern du geklärt!

У тебя, смешанного с водой, о сома, сок
Бежит через цедилку из овечьей шерсти, о Павамана.
Начищаемый поэтами, о самый пьянящий,
Будь вкусным Индре для питья, о Павамана!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कक्षीवान्
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अद्भिः) सत्कर्मों से (पपृचानस्य) अभिव्यक्त (ते) आपका (रसः) आनन्द (अव्यः) जो सर्वरक्षक है, वह (वारं) वरणीय पुरुष के प्रति (वारम्) विशेषरूप से प्राप्त होता है। (विधावति) सबको पवित्र करनेवाले (पवमान) परमात्मन् ! आप (कविभिः) विद्वानों से (मृज्यमानः) साक्षात्कृत हैं और (पवमान) पवित्र करनेवाले हैं और (मदिन्तम) सबको आह्लादकारक आप (इन्द्राय) कर्मयोगी की (पीतये) तृप्ति के लिये (स्वदस्व) प्रियकारक हों॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग कर्मयोग से अपने को पवित्र बनाते हैं, उनके लिये परमात्मा अवश्यमेव अपने ब्रह्मामृत का प्रदान करते हैं ॥९॥ यह ७४ वाँ सूक्त और ३२ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अद्भिः) सद्भिः कर्मभिः (पपृचानस्य) अभिव्यक्तस्य (ते) तव (रसः) आनन्दः यः (अव्यः) सर्वरक्षकोऽस्ति सः (वारम्) वरणीयं पुरुषं प्रति (विधावति) विशेषरूपेण प्राप्तो भवति। (पवमान) सर्वपवित्रयितः परमात्मन् ! भवान् (कविभिः) विद्वद्भिः (मृज्यमानः) साक्षात्कृतोऽस्ति तथा (पवमान) पवितास्ति। (मदिन्तम) सर्वानन्दस्त्वं (इन्द्राय) कर्मयोगिनः (पीतये) तृप्तये (स्वदस्व) प्रियकारको भव ॥९॥ इति चतुस्सप्ततितमं सूक्तं द्वात्रिंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥