०७१

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

आ᳓ द᳓क्षिणा सृज्यते शुष्मी᳓ आस᳓दं
वे᳓ति द्रुहो᳓ रक्ष᳓सः पाति जा᳓गृविः
ह᳓रिर् ओपशं᳓ कृणुते न᳓भस् प᳓य
उपस्ति᳓रे चमु᳓वोर् ब्र᳓ह्म निर्णि᳓जे

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

āsádam ← √sad- (root)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

dákṣiṇā ← dákṣiṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sr̥jyate ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

śuṣmī́ ← śuṣmín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

druháḥ ← drúh- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

jā́gr̥viḥ ← jā́gr̥vi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pāti ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rakṣásaḥ ← rakṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

véti ← √vī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

háriḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇute ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

nábhaḥ ← nábhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

opaśám ← opaśá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bráhma ← bráhman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

camvòḥ ← camū́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:DU}

nirṇíje ← nirṇíj- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

upastíre ← upastír- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

आ । दक्षि॑णा । सृ॒ज्य॒ते॒ । शु॒ष्मी । आ॒ऽसद॑म् । वेति॑ । द्रु॒हः । र॒क्षसः॑ । पा॒ति॒ । जागृ॑विः ।
हरिः॑ । ओ॒प॒शम् । कृ॒णु॒ते॒ । नभः॑ । पयः॑ । उ॒प॒ऽस्तिरे॑ । च॒म्वोः॑ । ब्रह्म॑ । निः॒ऽनिजे॑ ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• dakṣiṇā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “Dakṣiṇā; south; dakṣiṇā [word]; gift; South.”

• sṛjyate ← sṛj
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• śuṣmy ← śuṣmī ← śuṣmin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “strong; hotheaded.”

• āsadaṃ ← āsadam ← āsad ← √sad
• [verb noun]
• “approach; attack; sit down; approach; find; arrive.”

• veti ← vī
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”

• druho ← druhaḥ ← druh
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “punic; hostile.”

• rakṣasaḥ ← rakṣas
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “Rākṣasa.”

• pāti ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “protect; govern.”

• jāgṛviḥ ← jāgṛvi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “attentive; argus-eyed; light.”

• harir ← hariḥ ← hari
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• opaśaṃ ← opaśam ← opaśa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• kṛṇute ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• nabhas ← nabhaḥ ← nabhas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “sky; cloud; ākāśa; air; abhra.”

• paya ← payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• upastire ← upastir
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine

• camvor ← camvoḥ ← camū
• [noun], locative, dual, feminine
• “army; camū; Camū.”

• brahma ← brahman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• nirṇije ← nirṇij
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “attire; garment.”

सोमस्य स्वभूते यज्ञे ऋत्विग्भ्यः दक्षिणा आ सृज्यते अस्माभिः प्रदीयते । शुष्मी बलवान् सोमः आसदम् आस्थानं द्रोणाख्यं वेति प्रविशति । किंच जागृविः जागरणशीलः सोमः द्रुहः द्रोहकारिणः रक्षसः राक्षसात् पाति स्तोतॄन् रक्षति । अपि च हरिः हरितवर्णः सोमः ओपशम् । आ समन्तादुपशेत इत्योपशः । सर्वस्य धारकं नभः नभस आदित्यस्य स्वभूतं पयः उदकं कृणुते सर्वत्र करोति । ‘अग्नौ प्रास्ताहुतिः’ इत्यादिक्रमेण करोतीत्यर्थः । यद्वा । नभोऽन्तरिक्षं पयः पयसो धारकं करोतीति । किंचायं सोमः चम्वोः। द्यावापृथिवीनामैतत् । चमन्ति भक्षयन्ति मनुष्यदेवा अत्रेति । तयोः उपस्तिरे उपस्तरणायाच्छादनाय ब्रह्म बृहदुद्यतं तमांसि विनाशयन्तं यद्वा परिवृढं सूर्यं द्युलोके करोति । तथा तमेव सूर्यं निर्निजे पदार्थानां निर्नेजनाय परिशोधनाय च करोति । आदित्यो हि द्यावापृथिव्यौ स्वतेजसोपस्तृणाति । स हि स्वभासा सर्वं निर्नेक्ति च ॥

English translation:

“The donation is given; the vigorous (Soma) enters his resting-plural ce, and, vigilant, guards (his worshippers) against the malignant rākṣasas; the green-tinted (Soma) produces the all-sustaining water of the sun; (he plural ces) the mighty sun to cover the two worlds, to purify (created things).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The all-sustaining water of the Sun: Or, taking nabhaḥ as accusative ative, and payaḥ as genitive tive, ’the firmament the supporter of the water’; the mighty Sun: Brahma is explained as ’the mighty uplifted one that destroys darkness, or the supreme sun; parivṛḍham, as if deriving brahma from vṛṃh or bṛṃh

The tempestuous one is sent surging, along with the gift-cow, to take his seat here. Vigilant, he pursues deceits and protects from the demon.
The tawny one makes himself a headdress, cloud and milk for an
underlayer in the two cups, and the sacred formulation for his raiment.1304 IX.72

The first pāda poses difficulties if dákṣiṇā is taken as a nom., with Sāyaṇa, Oldenberg, and apparently Renou, requiring the hemistich to be chopped up into very small clauses and across the pāda boundary (acdg. to Oldenberg, ā́dákṣiṇā sṛjyate / śuṣmy ā̀sádam, véti / druháḥ rakṣásaḥ pāti jā́gṛviḥ) and soma not to be the subj. of passive ā́… sṛjyate, against standard phraseology. The syntactic difficulty disappears if, with Geldner, we take dákṣiṇā as an instr., leaving soma as the subject throughout. This leaves us with the question of what is meant; since dákṣiṇā is not otherwise found in IX (though dákṣiṇāvant- occurs once, IX.98.10), we are on our own. I suggest that, since dákṣiṇās are distributed at the Morning Pressing, this is a reference to that ritual moment.

Once again there is a question of Soma’s nirṇíj- as in recent hymns (see comm. ad IX.69.4-5, 70.1). The phrasing here—nábhas páya, upastíre camvòḥ …— is esp. reminiscent of IX.69.5d upastáraṇaṃ camvòr nabhasmáyam “… an underlayer made of cloud in the two cups” and makes it quite likely that “cloud (and) milk” (that is, cloud = milk) are the underlayer here as well. In his tr. Geldner makes them both to be both the headdress (opaśám) and the underlayer and in n. 1cd suggests that the milk is the headdress and the cloud the underlayer. But, as Oldenberg points out, the close sandhi of nábhas páyaḥ speaks against separating them syntactically, and opaśá- can simply be construed with kṛṇute without a second object; cf. VIII.14.5 cakrāṇá opaśáṃ diví “making himself a headdress in heaven” (though Oldenberg thinks this passage is not typical). My tr. is closest to Renou’s; Oldenberg’s notion that the poet heaped up all the items he had to mention higgledy piggledy (not his term), without sorting them, seems unlikely.

THE guerdon is bestowed: the Mighty takes his Seat, and, ever-Watchful, guards from fiend and evil sprite.
Gold-hued, he makes the cloud his diadem, the milk his carpet in both worlds, and prayer his robe of state.

Er ward mit der Daksina losgelassen, der Ungestüme, um sich zu setzen. Er verfolgt die Tückebolde, schützt vor dem Unhold, der Wachsame. Der Falbe macht in beiden Camu´s Wolke und Milch zum Kopfputz, zur Unterlage, das feierliche Wort zum Festkleid.

Die Milch ergiesst sich, und zum Sitze geht der Held und schirmet wachsam vor dem Unhold und Gespenst, Den Nebel macht zur Mähne sich das Ross, die Milch im Krug zur Decke und zum Schmucke das Gebet.

Разливается коровье молоко. Неистовый стремится
Сесть. Он защищает от обманщика (и) ракшаса, (этот) бодрствующий.
Золотистый делает себе головное украшение. Облако-молоко (он превращает)
В подстилку в двух сосудах, священное слово – в праздничный наряд.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

अब परमात्मा कोद्युभ्वादि-लोकों का अधिकरणरूप से निरूपण करतेहैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमः) परमात्मा (शुष्मी) बलवाला (आसदं) सर्वत्र व्याप्त है। उपासक लोग (दक्षिणा) उपासनारूप दक्षिणा को (सृज्यते) परमात्मा को समर्पित करते हैं। (जागृविः) जागरणशील परमेश्वर (द्रुहः रक्षसः) द्रोह करनेवाले राक्षसों को मारकर सज्जनों की (पाति) रक्षा करता है और (चम्वोः)द्युलोक तथा पृथिवीलोक को (निर्णिजे) पोषण करता है। (हरिः) पापों का हरण करनेवाला (ब्रह्म) परमात्मा (नभः) अन्तरिक्षलोक को (पयः) परमाणुसमूह से (उपस्तिरे) आच्छादित करता है। तथा (ओपशं) वही परमात्मा अन्तरिक्षलोक को (कृणुते) सबको अवकाश देनेवाला करता है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा ने इस ब्रह्माण्ड को द्रवीभूत अथवा यों कहो कि वाष्परूप परमाणुओं से आच्छादित किया हुआ है, उसी सर्वोपरि उपास्य देव की उपासक लोग अपनी उपासनारूप दक्षिणा से उपासना करें ॥१॥

अथ परमात्मनो द्युभ्वादीनामधिकरणत्वं निरूप्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमः) परमात्मा (शुष्मी) बलवान् (आसदम्) सर्वत्र व्याप्तोऽस्ति। उपासकाः (दक्षिणा) उपासनारूपां दक्षिणां (सृज्यते) परमात्मानं समर्पयति। (जागृविः) जागरणशीलः परमात्मा (द्रुहः रक्षसः) द्रोहकारिराक्षसान्निहत्य सज्जनान् (पाति) रक्षति। अथ च (चम्वोः) द्यावाभूमी (निर्णिजे) पुष्णाति। (हरिः) पापहारकः (ब्रह्म) परमात्मा (नभः) अन्तरिक्षलोकं (पयः) परमाणुपुञ्जेन (उपस्तिरे) आच्छादयति। तथा (ओपशम्) सर्वावकाशदमन्तरिक्षलोकं (कृणुते) स परमात्मैव करोति ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

प्र᳓ कृष्टिहे᳓व शूष᳓ एति रो᳓रुवद्
असुर्यं᳡ व᳓र्णं नि᳓ रिणीते अस्य त᳓म्
ज᳓हाति वव्रि᳓म् पितु᳓र् एति निष्कृत᳓म्
उपप्रु᳓तं कृणुते निर्णि᳓जं त᳓ना

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
eti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

kr̥ṣṭihā́ ← kr̥ṣṭihán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

róruvat ← √rū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śūṣáḥ ← śūṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asuryàm ← asuryà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ní ← ní (invariable)

riṇīte ← √rī- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

várṇam ← várṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

eti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jáhāti ← √hā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

niṣkr̥tám ← niṣkr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pitúḥ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

vavrím ← vavrí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇute ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

nirṇíjam ← nirṇíj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

tánā ← tán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

upaprútam ← upaprút- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

प्र । कृ॒ष्टि॒हाऽइ॑व । शू॒षः । ए॒ति॒ । रोरु॑वत् । अ॒सु॒र्य॑म् । वर्ण॑म् । नि । रि॒णी॒ते॒ । अ॒स्य॒ । तम् ।
जहा॑ति । व॒व्रिम् । पि॒तुः । ए॒ति॒ । निः॒ऽकृ॒तम् । उ॒प॒ऽप्रुत॑म् । कृ॒णु॒ते॒ । निः॒ऽनिज॑म् । तना॑ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• kṛṣṭiheva ← kṛṣṭi
• [noun], feminine
• “people; citizenry.”

• kṛṣṭiheva ← hā ← han
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

• kṛṣṭiheva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• śūṣa ← śūṣaḥ ← śūṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “loud; brave.”

• eti ← i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• roruvad ← roruvat ← roro ← √ru
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “bellow.”

• asuryaṃ ← asuryam ← asurya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “āsura.”

• varṇaṃ ← varṇam ← varṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “color; caste; complexion; vowel; varṇa [word]; vowel; syllable; appearance; Karat; people; beauty; varṇa; gold; color; complexion.”

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• riṇīte ← ri
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “free; liberate; run; let go of.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• jahāti ← hā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “abandon; decrease; want; kill; deteriorate; get rid of; exclude; lose; avoid; remove; leave; abandon; neglect; leave; discard; apostatize; discontinue; weaken; abandon; assail; subtract; foreswear; pour away; withdraw; depart; reduce.”

• vavrim ← vavri
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “covering; lurking place.”

• pitur ← pituḥ ← pitu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “food.”

• eti ← i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• niṣkṛtam ← niṣkṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “place; rendezvous.”

• upaprutaṃ ← upaprutam ← upaprut
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• kṛṇute ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• nirṇijaṃ ← nirṇijam ← nirṇij
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “attire; garment.”

• tanā ← tan
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “continuity; sequence; longevity.”

शूषः शत्रूणां शोषको बलवान् सोमः रोरुवत् अत्यन्तं शब्दं कुर्वन् कृष्टिहेव मनुष्याणां हन्ता योद्धेव प्र एति प्रगच्छति । किंच असुर्यम् असुराणां बाधकम् अस्य आत्मनो वर्णं हरितमावारकं बलं वा नि रिणीते निर्गमयति । ततः स सोमः वव्रिम् । वृणोति शरीरमिति वव्रिर्जरा। जहाति त्यजति । कथमिति चेत् तदुच्यते । पितुः अन्नं सोमः निष्कृतं संस्कृतं द्रोणकलशं दिवं वा इदानीम् एति गच्छति । किंच सोमः तना अविवालेन तते विस्तृते देशापवित्रे निर्निजम् । निर्निगिति रूपनाम । आत्मीयं रूपम् उपप्रुतम् उपगमनशीलं कृणुते करोति । तस्माज्जरां त्यजतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The powerful (Soma) advances with a roar like a slayer of men; he puts forth that asura-slaying tint of his; he abandons bodily infirmity; the food goes to the prepared (altar); he assumes a form advancing to the outstretched (filter).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Asura-slaying tint: i.e., green;or varṇam means ‘protecting strength’; the food: i.e., the Soma;

Pituḥ = juice or food;

Tanā = in the filter outstretched by the sheep-skin

Like a smiter of peoples, explosive he goes forth, roaring again and again. He spills down the lordly color that is his.
He abandons his covering, and he goes to his rendezvous with his father. He makes what floats nearby [=milk] in its full measure into his fresh garment.

gúhā padám and IX.10.9 divás padám … gúhā hitám. Both Renou and Lüders take apīcyàm padám together, but Renou interprets padám as ‘word’ (“le mot secret de la vâche” - though ‘word’ for padá- is barely found in the RV if at all) and Lüders as ‘place’, which he further specifies, in his usualy style, as the “Milchflut im Himmel.” On the basis of the formula just cited, I prefer ‘track’, with the verbs of motion in c indicating that Soma is following this track (which, on the basis of 102.2 I think is the track through the filter) to his rendezvous with the milk.

matútha- is a hapax whose formation is unclear, but a derivation from √man ‘think’ is the default (see EWA s.v. MAN1 ). It merits no mention in AiG (at least acdg.

to the index thereto), but see Renou’s plausible suggestion that it is connected to mántu-.

Strong, bellowing, he goes, like one who slays the folk; he lets this hue of Asuras flow off from him,
Throws off his covering, seeks his father’s meeting-place, and thus makes for himself the bright robe he assumes.

Mutig wie ein Völkertöter geht er brüllend; er legt diese seine asurische Farbe ab. Indem er seine Hülle verläßt, kommt er als Speise an seinen Bestimmungsort. Er macht die obenauf schwimmende Milch in unterbrochenem Gusse zu seinem Festgewand.

Wie ein Erobrer dringt er schnaufend, brüllend vor, lässt niederrinnen diesen seinen Himmelsglanz, Wirft ab die Hülle, geht zu seines Vaters Ort, und legt im Lauf das wallende Gewand sich an.

Отважный, как убийца народов. Идет он, громко ревя.
Он расстается с этим асурским цветом.
Он оставляет оболочку (и) идет на свидание с отцом.
Пребывающее (молоко) он все время превращает (в свой) праздничный наряд.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शूषः) इस संसार की उत्पत्ति करनेवाला परमात्मा (कृष्टिहेव) योद्धा के समान (प्र एति) बड़े प्रभाव से सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण हो रहा है और (असुर्यं) असुरों को (रोरुवत्) अत्यन्त रुलाता है तथा (अस्य) इस जीवात्मा के (तं) पूर्वोक्त (वर्णं) आच्छादन करनेवाली (वव्रिः) वृद्धावस्था को (जहाति) अतिक्रमण करता है और (पितुः एति) पिता के भाव को प्राप्त होकर (निष्कृतं) कृतकार्य और (उपप्रुतं) पूर्ण (कृणुते) बना देता है तथा (तना) इस शरीर को (निर्णिजं) सुन्दररूप युक्त बना देता है और (नि रिणीते) निर्मुक्त करता है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष परमात्मज्ञान के पात्र हैं, परमात्मा उनको पूर्णज्ञान देकर जरामरणादिभावों से निर्मुक्त करके अमृत बना देता है ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शूषः) अस्य जगत उत्पादकः परमेश्वरः (कृष्टिहेव) योद्धेव (प्र एति) महता प्रभावेन सर्वत्र परिपूर्णोऽस्ति। अथ च (असुर्यम्) राक्षसान् (रोरुवत्) रोदयति। तथा (अस्य) अमुष्य जीवात्मनः (तम्) पूर्वोक्ताम् (वर्णम्) आच्छादानकर्त्रीं (वव्रिम्) वृद्धावस्थाम् (जहाति) अतिक्रामति। अथ च (पितुः एति) पितुर्भावं प्राप्नुवन् (निष्कृतम्) कृतकार्यं तथा (उपप्रुतम्) पूर्णं (कृणुते) करोति। तथा (तना) इदं शरीरं (निर्णिजम्) सुरूपयुक्तं करोति (नि रिणीते) निर्मुक्तं च करोति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

अ᳓द्रिभिः सुतः᳓ पवते ग᳓भस्तियोर्
वृषाय᳓ते न᳓भसा वे᳓पते मती᳓
स᳓ मोदते न᳓सते सा᳓धते गिरा᳓
नेनिक्ते᳓ अप्सु᳓ य᳓जते प᳓रीमणि

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ádribhiḥ ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

gábhastyoḥ ← gábhasti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:DU}

pavate ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

matī́ ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

nábhasā ← nábhas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

vépate ← √vip- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vr̥ṣāyáte ← √vr̥ṣāy- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

girā́ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

modate ← √mud- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

násate ← √nas- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sā́dhate ← √sādh- ~ sidh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

apsú ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

nenikté ← √nij- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

párīmaṇi ← párīman- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yájate ← √yaj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

अद्रि॑ऽभिः । सु॒तः । प॒व॒ते॒ । गभ॑स्त्योः । वृ॒ष॒ऽयते॑ । नभ॑सा । वेप॑ते । म॒ती ।
सः । मो॒द॒ते॒ । नस॑ते । साध॑ते । गि॒रा । ने॒नि॒क्ते । अ॒प्ऽसु । यज॑ते । परी॑मणि ॥

• adribhiḥ ← adri
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• pavate ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• gabhastyor ← gabhastyoḥ ← gabhasti
• [noun], locative, dual, masculine
• “beam; hand; sun.”

• vṛṣāyate ← vṛṣāy
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• nabhasā ← nabhas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “sky; cloud; ākāśa; air; abhra.”

• vepate ← vip
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “tremble.”

• matī ← mati
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• modate ← mud
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “rejoice; delight; revel.”

• nasate ← nas
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• sādhate ← sādh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “promote; succeed.”

• girā ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• nenikte ← nenij ← √nij
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• apsu ← ap
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• yajate ← yaj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

• parīmaṇi ← parīman
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

अद्रिभिः ग्रावभिः गभस्त्योः बाह्वोः बाहुभ्यां च सुतः अभिषुतः स सोमः पवते पात्राणि प्रति गच्छति । यः सोमः वृषायते वृषवदाचरति । किंच यः मती स्तुत्याभिष्टुतः सन् नभसा अन्तरिक्षेण वेपते सर्वत्र गच्छति सः सोमः मोदते हृष्टो भवति । तथा नसते ग्रहादिषु संश्लिष्टो भवति । किंच गिरा स्तुत्या स्तुतः सन् साधते स्तोतॄणां धनान्नादिकं साधयति । अपि च अप्सु वसतीवर्याख्यासु नेनिक्ते शुद्धो भवति । तथा परीमणि देवै रक्ष्यमाणे यज्ञे देवानां हविष्प्रदानेन पोषके वा यज्ञे यजते पूजितो भवति ॥

English translation:

“Expressed with the stones by the hands (the Soma) flows; he moves like a bull; (worshipped) with praise he wanders through the firmament; he rejoices, he is embraced; (praised) with a hymn he fulfills (the desire of the worshippers), he is cleansed in the waters, he is honoured at the (god) protected (sacrifice).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Or, at the sacrifice which nourishes the gods by bestowing oblations on them

Pressed by the stones, he purifies himself between the two hands. With his cloud he acts the bull [/rains]; he trembles (in poetic inspiration)
with his thought.
He rejoices in, unites with, achieves success through the song. He washes himself in the waters. He sacrifices for himself in his fullness.

This vs. is characterized by an accumulation of finite verbs, esp. in the 2nd hemistich, which contains five: … modate násate sā́dhate … nenikté … yájate.

The cloud in b can be read in two ways, ritually as the milk mixture (see nábhas páyaḥ in 1c; also nabhasmáyam in IX.69.5d, both as ‘underlayer’; also Geldner’s n. 3b), but cosmically as a rain cloud. This latter sense connects nicely with the verb vṛṣāyáte: Soma, as often, is depicted as acting like a bull, but this verb can also be associated etymologically or folk-etymologically (on the likely etym. connection see EWA s.v. vṛ́ṣan-) with √vṛṣ ‘rain’ (see Renou’s n.).

Pāda c is more intricately structured than at first appears. On the one hand all three verbs, modate násate sā́dhate, appear to be construed with the final instr. girā́; cf., e.g., Renou’s “Il jubile, caresse, réussit grâce au chant,” as well as the published translation

However, only the central verb násate is regularly construed with an instr.; modate is found once (X.30.5) with an instr., while the relatively rare medial sā́dhate ‘succeeds’ generally lacks complements. Moreover, when násate takes the instr., it appears with the preverb sám - as it does in fact in vs. 8: sám INSTR násate sám INSTR, with the sám insistently repeated. In our pāda I would suggest that there is a ghostly trace of this sám in the opening sequence sá modate, which could reflect an older or underlying *sám modate. Though this would have metrical consequences, they would be slight, since the quantity of pāda-initial syllables is always indifferent.

This posited *sám cannot be read with the immediately following verb modate, since √mud never appears with sám in the RV (although the rt noun cmpd svādú-sammud- [so accented] is found twice in AVŚ), but “skips” to the 2nd verb in the sequence.

The repeated sám in 8d can then be interpr. as a type of poetic repair.

The verb nenikté ‘washes’ is of course etym. related to nirṇíj-, the word for garment that figures so heavily in these hymns (incl. in the immed. preceding vs., 2d), but their developed meanings are too divergent to allow the connection to be represented in Engl.

párīman- is a hapax, but, as is generally agreed (see EWA s.v., Renou’s n.), it most likely belongs to √pṝ̥‘fill’. It may have been formed on the model of better attested várīman- ‘broadness’, which ends the next vs. and occupies the same metrical slot. Both these words function in much the same way as tánā ‘in its full measure/extent’, which ends vs. 2.

Onward he flows, from both the hands, pressed out with stones: excited by the prayer, the water makes him wild.
He frolics and draws near, completes his work with song, and bathes in streams to satisfy the worshipper.

Er läutert sich, zwischen den Händen mit Steinen ausgepreßt, durch die Regenwolke wird er wie ein Bulle, durch die Dichtung wird er beredt. Er frohlockt über die Lobrede, stimmt in sie ein, gerät gut durch sie; er wird im Wasser rein gewaschen, voll verehrt.

Gepresst von Steinen rieselt aus den Armen er, mit Regen strömt er, ist begeistert durch Gebet, Er freut sich, eilt und kommt zum Ziele durch das Lied, er wäscht sich rein im Wasser, opfert gabenreich.

Выжатый камнями, он очищается между двух рук (жреца).
Он становится быком благодаря облаку, трепещет благодаря молитве.
Он ликует, ласкает, достигает цели благодаря песне.
Он дочиста полощется в водах, приносит себя в жертву полностью.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुतः) स्वयंसिद्ध स्वयम्भू परमात्मा (अद्रिभिः) चित्तवृत्तियों द्वारा साक्षात्किया हुआ (पवते) पवित्र करता है और (गभस्त्योः) इस जीवात्मा की ज्ञानरूपी दीप्तियों को (वृषायते) बलयुक्त तथा (मती) वह ज्ञानस्वरूप परमात्मा (नभसा वेपते) व्याप्त हो रहा है। (सः) वह (मोदते) आनन्दरूप से विराजमान है और (नसते) सबका अङ्गी-सङ्गी होकर विराजमान है। (गिरा) वेदरूपी वाणियों द्वारा उपासना किया हुआ (साधते) सिद्धि का देनेवाला है और (अप्सु) सत्कर्मों में प्रवेश करके (नेनिक्ते) मनुष्य को शुद्ध करनेवाला हैतथा (परीमणि) रक्षाप्रधान यज्ञों में (यजते) सर्वत्र परिपूजित है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो परमात्मा के पात्र होते हैं, वे प्रथम स्वयं उद्योगी बनते हैं फिर परमात्मा उनके उद्योग द्वारा उनको शुद्ध करके परमानन्द का भागी बनाता है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुतः) स्वयंसिद्धः परमेश्वरः (अद्रिभिः) चित्तवृत्तिभिः साक्षात्कृतः सन् (पवते) पवित्रयति। अथ च (गभस्त्योः) अस्य जीवात्मनो ज्ञानरूपदीप्तीः (वृषायते) बलयुताः करोति। तथा (मती) ज्ञानस्वरूपो जगदीश्वरः (नभसा वेपते) व्याप्तो भवति। (सः) असौ परमेश्वरः (मोदते) आनन्दरूपेण विराजते तथा (नसते) सर्वैः सङ्गतो विराजमानोऽस्ति। (गिरा) वेदवाणिभिरुपासितः (साधते) सिद्धिदायकोऽस्ति (अप्सु) सत्कर्मणि प्रविश्य (नेनिक्ते) मनुष्यं पवित्रयति (परीमणि) रक्षायज्ञेषु (यजते) सर्वत्र परिपूजितोऽस्ति ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

प᳓रि द्युक्षं᳓ स᳓हसः पर्वतावृ᳓धम्
म᳓ध्वः सिञ्चन्ति हर्मिय᳓स्य सक्ष᳓णिम्
आ᳓ य᳓स्मिन् गा᳓वः सुहुता᳓द ऊ᳓धनि
मूर्ध᳓ञ् छ्रीण᳓न्ति अग्रियं᳓ व᳓रीमभिः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dyukṣám ← dyukṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

parvatāvŕ̥dham ← parvatāvŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sáhasaḥ ← sáhas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

harmyásya ← harmyá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sakṣáṇim ← sakṣáṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

siñcanti ← √sic- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

suhutā́daḥ ← suhutā́d- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ū́dhani ← ū́dhar- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

yásmin ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

agriyám ← agriyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mūrdhán ← mūrdhán- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śrīṇánti ← √śrī- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

várīmabhiḥ ← várīman- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

परि॑ । द्यु॒क्षम् । सह॑सः । प॒र्व॒त॒ऽवृध॑म् । मध्वः॑ । सि॒ञ्च॒न्ति॒ । ह॒र्म्यस्य॑ । स॒क्षणि॑म् ।
आ । यस्मि॑न् । गावः॑ । सु॒हु॒त॒ऽआदः॑ । ऊध॑नि । मू॒र्धन् । श्री॒णन्ति॑ । अ॒ग्रि॒यम् । वरी॑मऽभिः ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• dyukṣaṃ ← dyukṣam ← dyukṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “celestial; divine; divine; brilliant.”

• sahasaḥ ← sahas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”

• parvatāvṛdham ← parvatāvṛdh
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sweet; deft.”

• siñcanti ← sic
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “submerge; sprinkle; pour; wet; decant; impregnate.”

• harmyasya ← harmya
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “mansion; house; palace.”

• sakṣaṇim ← sakṣaṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yasmin ← yad
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• suhutāda ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suhutāda ← hutāde ← hutād
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine

• ūdhani ← ūdhas
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”

• mūrdhañchrīṇanty ← mūrdhan
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “head; battlefront; peak; top; mūrdhan [word]; leader; top.”

• mūrdhañchrīṇanty ← śrīṇanti ← śrī
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “cook; boil; heat; cook; mix.”

• agriyaṃ ← agriyam ← agriya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• varīmabhiḥ ← varīman
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

सहसः सहस्विनः मध्वः मदकराः सोमाः द्युक्षं दीप्यमाने द्युलोके क्षियन्तं निवसन्तं पर्वतावृधं मेघानां पर्वतानां वा वर्धयितारं हर्म्यस्य शत्रुपुरस्य सक्षणिम् अभिभवितारमिन्द्रं परि षिञ्चन्ति । तथा सुहुतादः सुहुतानां हविषां भक्षयितारः गावः मूर्धन् मूर्धनि समुच्छ्रिते ऊधनि पयोधारके स्थाने स्थितम् अग्रियं मुख्यं पयः वरीमभिः उरुत्वैर्महत्त्वैः यस्मिन् पवमानगुणविशिष्ट इन्द्रे आ श्रीणन्ति आमिश्रयन्ति । दध्ना पयसा च सोमं श्रीणन्ति खलु । तदुच्यते ॥

English translation:

“The powerful exhilarating Soma-juices besprinkle Indra who dwells in heaven, the augmenter of the clouds, the destroyer of the dwelling (of the foe); in whom on account of his greatness, the cows, the eaters of the oblations, mix the best (of their milk contained) in the uplifted udder.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The clouds: Or,mountains;

Inwhom: Indra is here regarded as soma pavamāna;

Varimabhiḥ = urutvair mahattvaiḥ

All around they sprinkle the heaven-ruling (son) of strength, of honey, grown strong upon the mountain, the conqueror of the secure house, in whom, on whose head, the cows prepare the foremost (milk) in their
udder in broad (streams) for him who eats the good oblation [=Indra].

The first hemistich contains two untethered genitives, sáhasaḥ and mádhvaḥ. The first of course evokes the common phrase sūnú- sáhasaḥ “son of strength,” and ‘son’ is easily supplied (see Oldenberg, Geldner n. 4a, etc.). mádhvaḥ is more problematic. In fact Geldner identifies it instead as a nom. pl. fem. (presumably to a stem

*mádhū-? though we might expect trisyllabic reading mádhu vaḥ) referring to the Apsarases, who in IX.78.3 (which contains the other ex. of the phrase harmyásya sakṣáṇim) do prepare the soma. Despite this parallel, his suggestion has little to recommend it: the Apsarases are not otherwise called ‘sweet, honied’, and mádhu- is so typed as a synonym/descriptor for soma and its gen.-abl. mádhvaḥ so well attested that it is hard to image how an audience could force the fem. pl. interpr. on this word with so little to go on. In the published translation I sneaked it in as parallel to sáhasaḥ, but this is not very satisfactory. Oldenberg suggests supplying rásam ‘sap’ or ūrmím ‘wave’, both of which appear with dependent mádhvaḥ, with rása- more common. I would now tr.

“(sap) of honey” (so also Renou, Scarlatta 39).

Geldner (n. 4b) plausibly suggests that the “secure house” (harmyá-) is the plant’s husk.

The second hemistich depicts a somewhat outlandish situation: cows preparing their milk on the “head” (mūrdhán-) of Soma. IX.93.3 contains a similar picture: cows preparing Soma’s head with milk, using both mūrdhán- and śrīṇanti as here. Both clearly refer to the mixing in of the milk; if the mixing involves pouring the milk into a vessel containing soma, the upper surface of the soma could be considered his “head.” With Geldner (fld. by Scarlatta 39), contra Pp., I read dat. suhutā́de not suhutā́daḥ. The dat. would refer to Indra, while the suhutā́daḥ as nom. pl. would modify the cows, who are not typically eaters of oblations, or as abl.-gen. sg. would have no obvious referent. See Oldenberg’s efforts in that direction.

On várīman- see disc. of párīman- in vs. 3.

They pour out meath around the Master of the house, Celestial Strengthener of the mountain that gives might;
In whom, through his great powers, oblation-eating cows in their uplifted udder mix their choicest milk.

Den himmlischen Sohn der Kraft, der auf dem Berge gewachsen ist, den Bezwinger des festen Hauses begießen die Süßen, auf dessen Haupt für den nur gute Opfer genießenden Indra die Kühe die vorzüglichste Milch in ihrem Euter in breiten Strömen beimischen.

Sie giessen rings den himmlischen, der Berge liebt, den Freund der Kraft, der Süssigkeit, des Hauses aus; Wo an dem Euter Kühe rechte Opfer nehmend, ihn, den herrlichen, in Strömen salben an dem Haupt.

Живущего на небе (сына) силы, растущего на горе,
(Волну) сладости они разливают (по цедилке), сокрушая крепости,
(Того,) на чьей голове коровы, поедающие прекрасные возлияния,
В (своем) вымени готовят лучшее (молоко) широкими потоками.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सहसः) क्षमाशील वह परमात्मा (मध्वः) सबको आनन्द देनेवाला (द्युक्षं) ज्ञानरूपीदीप्तियों में स्थिर जीव को (हर्म्यस्य सक्षणिं) जो शत्रुओं को हनन करनेवाला है तथा (पर्वतावृधं) जो हिमालय की तरह अपने सहायक लोगों से वृद्धि को प्राप्त है, ऐसे जीवात्मा को (परिषिञ्चति) परमात्मा ज्ञानरूपी सिञ्चन करता है तथा वह ऐसे जीवात्मा को ज्ञानदृष्टि से परिपूर्ण करता है, (यस्मिन्) जिसमें (गावः) इन्द्रियें (सुहुतादः) अपने शब्द-स्पर्शादि भोग्य विषयों को भोगने की शक्ति रखती हैं और (वरीमभिः) अपने महत्त्व से (ऊधनि) पयोधारपात्र के समान (अग्रियं) उस अग्रणी पुरुष के (मूर्धन्) मूर्धा को (आ श्रीणन्ति) अभिषेक द्वारा शुद्ध करती हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपासक को ज्ञानी तथा विज्ञानी बनाकर उसका उद्धार करता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सहसः) क्षमी (मध्वः) सर्वानन्ददः परमेश्वरः (द्युक्षम्) ज्ञानदीप्तिषु निश्चलस्य जीवस्य (हर्म्यस्य सक्षणिम्) ये शत्रवः सन्ति तेषां घातकोऽस्ति। तथा (पर्वतावृधम्) यो हिमवानिव स्वसहायभूतैर्जनैरभ्युदयङ्गतः एतादृशं जीवात्मानं (परिषिञ्चति) ज्ञानवृष्ट्या सिञ्चनं करोति। (यस्मिन्) यत्र (गावः) इन्द्रियाणि (सुहुतादः) स्वीयभोग्यविषयाणां शब्दस्पर्शादीनां भोगकर्तृशक्तिमन्ति सन्ति। अथ च (वरीमभिः) स्वमहत्त्वेन (ऊधनि) पयोधारपात्रमिव (अग्रियम्) तस्याग्रणीपुरुषस्य (मूर्धन्) मूर्धानम् (आश्रीणन्ति) अभिषेकेण पवित्रयन्ति ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

स᳓म् ई र᳓थं न᳓ भुरि᳓जोर् अहेषत
द᳓श स्व᳓सारो अ᳓दितेर् उप᳓स्थ आ᳓
जि᳓गाद् उ᳓प ज्रयति गो᳓र् अपीचि᳓यम्
पदं᳓ य᳓द् अस्य मतु᳓था अ᳓जीजनन्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aheṣata ← √hi- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

bhuríjoḥ ← bhuríj- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:DU}

ī ← ī (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sám ← sám (invariable)

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áditeḥ ← áditi- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

dáśa ← dáśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

svásāraḥ ← svásar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

upásthe ← upástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

apīcyàm ← apīcyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

góḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

jígāt ← √gā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jrayati ← √jri- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

ájījanan ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

matúthāḥ ← matútha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

padám ← padá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

सम् । ई॒मिति॑ । रथ॑म् । न । भु॒रिजोः॑ । अ॒हे॒ष॒त॒ । दश॑ । स्वसा॑रः । अदि॑तेः । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । आ ।
जिगा॑त् । उप॑ । ज्र॒य॒ति॒ । गोः । अ॒पी॒च्य॑म् । प॒दम् । यत् । अ॒स्य॒ । म॒तुथाः॑ । अजी॑जनन् ॥

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• ī
• [adverb]
• “īkāra.”

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• bhurijor ← bhurijoḥ ← bhurij
• [noun], genitive, dual, feminine
• “arm.”

• aheṣata ← hi
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• daśa ← daśan
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

• svasāro ← svasāraḥ ← svasṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sister; svasṛ [word].”

• aditer ← aditeḥ ← aditi
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Aditi; aditi [word].”

• upastha ← upasthe ← upastha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• jigād ← jigāt ← gā
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “go; enter (a state); arrive.”

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• jrayati ← jri
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• gor ← goḥ ← go
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• apīcyam ← apīcya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “secret; hidden; cryptic.”

• padaṃ ← padam ← pada
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• matuthā ← matuthāḥ ← matutha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• ajījanan ← jan
• [verb], plural, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

भुरिजोः । बाहुनामैतत् । बिभ्रति पदार्थानाभ्यामिति । तयोर्बाह्वोः दश दशसंख्याकाः स्वसारः सर्वत्रसरणशीला अङ्गुलयः अदितेः भूमेः उपस्थे समीपे देवयजनदेशे ईम् एनं सोमम् आ आभिमुख्येन सम् अहेषत संप्रेरयन्ति । ’ हि वर्धनगत्योः । लुङि रूपम् । कथमिव । रथं न । रथं यथाङ्गुलयः प्रेरयन्ति तद्वत् । स सोमः जिगात् पात्राणि गच्छति । किंच गोः धेनोः अपीच्यम् अन्तर्हितं पयः उप ज्रयति तदानीमुपगच्छति । यत् यदा मतुथाः मननीयगाथावन्तः स्तोतारः अस्य सोमस्य पदं स्थानम् अजीजनन् जनयन्ति तदानीमित्यर्थः ॥ ॥२५॥

English translation:

“The ten fingers of the arms urge him near to the ground (of the sacrificial altar) like a chariot; he goes (to the vessels), he approaches the concealed (milk) of the cow when the praisers produce his resting plural ce.”

The ten sisters on the two hands have assembled him like a chariot, here in the lap of Aditi.
As he goes, he extends toward the secret track of the cow which the
thoughtful have produced for him.

On bhuríj- see comm. ad IX.26.4.

Though chariot-making is a common trope and regular comparandum in the RV, it is not usual (at least as far as I can recall) to compare the preparation of soma with the assembling of a chariot. It may appear here because the thus-prepared Soma is about to follow the track of the cow, at least in my interpr.

The grammatical identity of jígāt in c is disputed. It appears to be, and is usually taken as, an injunc. to the redupl. pres. jígāti (Grassmann, Macdonell [VGr, p. 342], Lubotsky, Hoffmann. [Inj. 271 n. 12, but hesitantly]; by implication Geldner and Renou), but Oldenberg (and by implication Lüders 252) suggests that it’s a nom. sg. pres. part. and, on the grounds of pā́nt- and yā́nt-, sees no difficulty with this analysis. But, of course, for a redupl.

pres. the weak form of the participial suffix is expected even in “strong” forms, and is in fact found in participles to other redupl. pres. to roots in -ā, √dā and √dhā, with well-attested nom. sg. m. dádat-, dádhat-. Though I accepted Oldenberg’s word (as I so often do) in the published translation, I now think jígāt is better taken as an injunc., though this need not change the actual tr.: “As he goes, he extends …,” with implicitly subordinated 1st verb in a two-verb sequence. “He goes, he extends …” is of course also possible.

The interpr. of the rest of the hemistich is uncertain, due to differing opinions about the sense and syntactic position of padám. With regard to its sense, padá- is of course multivalent: ‘footprint, track, place’and ultimately ‘word’. As for its syntax, does it belong in the main clause beginning in c, modified by apīcyàm, with yád in d beginning a new cl., or does it belong to the yád cl. of d? Geldner follows the latter tack, with two NPs, góḥ apīcyàm and padám, in two separate clauses: “er stürtz sich auf das Geheimnis der Kuh, wenn die Andächtigen(?) seine Stätte bereitet haben,” with padá- = ‘place’. The Geheimnis der Kuh is the milk (n. 5c). There is nothing impossible here, but the adj. apīcyà- ‘secret’ invites association with padá-, on the basis of the semantics of the formulaic phrase “hidden track,” which is found in IX in

They, the ten sisters, on the lap of Aditi, have sent him forward like a car from both the arms.
He wanders and comes near the Cow’s mysterious place, even the place which his inventions have produced.

Ihn haben wie einen Wagen die zehn Schwestern der beiden Arme im Schoße der Aditi zustande gebracht. Er kommt herbei, er stürzt sich auf das Geheimnis der Kuh, wenn die Andächtigen seine Stätte bereitet haben.

Zehn Schwestern haben in dem Schooss der Aditi wie Wagen in der Schnitzbank ihn zurecht gemacht, Er kam herbei und schreitet nach dem Ort der Kuh, dem heimlichen, den Priesterhand bereitet hat.

Его обработали, как колесницу, между двух рук(-зажимов)
Десять сестер в лоне Адити.
Он движется, бросается к тайному (месту) коровы,
Когда (это) место его породили мудрецы.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दश) दश संख्यावाले (स्वसारः) स्वाभाविक गतिवाले प्राण (अदितेः उपस्थे) इस पार्थिव शरीर में (आ जिगात्) इन्द्रियों की वृत्तियों को जीतते हैं और (न) जैसे सारथी (रथं) रथ को (भुरिजोः) हाथों से (अहेषत) प्रेरणा करता है, इसी प्रकार परमात्मा शुभाशुभ कर्म द्वारा मनुष्यों के शरीररूपी रथ को प्रेरणा करता है। (अस्य) इस जीवात्मा के (मतुथाः) मनोरथों को जो (अजीजनन्) सफल करते हैं तथा (यत्)जो (अपीच्यं) गूढ़ (पदं) पद है, वह इस जीवात्मा को प्रदान करते हैं और (ईं) उक्त परमात्मा को (सं) भली-भाँति प्राप्त होकर (उप ज्रयति) अपने मनोरथों को सिद्ध कर लेता है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में यह बतलाया गया है कि मनुष्य प्राणायाम द्वारा संयमी बनकर उन्नतिशील बने ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दश) दशसङ्ख्याकाः (स्वसारः) स्वाभाविकगतिमन्तः प्राणाः (अदितेः उपस्थे) अस्मिन् पार्थिवशरीरे (आजिगात्) इन्द्रियवृत्तीः जयन्ति (न) यथा सारथी (रथम्) यानं (भुरिजोः) बाहुभ्यां (अहेषत) प्रेरयति तथा जगदीश्वरः शुभाशुभकर्मभिर्नरशरीररूपं रथं प्रेरयति। अथ च (अस्य) अमुष्य जीवात्मनः (मतुथाः) मनोरथान् (अजीजनन्) सफलयन्ति। तथा (यत्) यत् (अपीच्यं पदम्) गूढं पदं वर्तते तत् जीवात्मानमिमं प्रददति। अथ च (ईम्) पूर्वोक्तं परमेश्वरं (सम्) सम्यक् प्राप्य (उप ज्रयति) स्वकीयमनोरथान् साध्नोति ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

श्येनो᳓ न᳓ यो᳓निं स᳓दनं धिया᳓ कृतं᳓
हिरण्य᳓यम् आस᳓दं देव᳓ ए᳓षति
आ᳓ ई रिणन्ति बर्हि᳓षि प्रियं᳓ गिरा᳓
अ᳓श्वो न᳓ देवाँ᳓ अ᳓पि एति यज्ञि᳓यः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

kr̥tám ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sádanam ← sádana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śyenáḥ ← śyená- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

āsádam ← √sad- (root)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

deváḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

hiraṇyáyam ← hiraṇyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

īṣati ← √īṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

barhíṣi ← barhís- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

girā́ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

ī ← ī (invariable)

priyám ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

riṇanti ← √rī- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ápi ← ápi (invariable)

áśvaḥ ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devā́n ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

eti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)

yajñíyaḥ ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

श्ये॒नः । न । योनि॑म् । सद॑नम् । धि॒या । कृ॒तम् । हि॒र॒ण्यय॑म् । आ॒ऽसद॑म् । दे॒वः । आ । ई॒ष॒ति॒ ।
आ । ई॒मिति॑ । रि॒ण॒न्ति॒ । ब॒र्हिषि॑ । प्रि॒यम् । गि॒रा । अश्वः॑ । न । दे॒वान् । अपि॑ । ए॒ति॒ । य॒ज्ञियः॑ ॥

• śyeno ← śyenaḥ ← śyena
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hawk; bird of prey; falcon; Śyena; eagle; śyena [word]; Śyena.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yoniṃ ← yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• sadanaṃ ← sadanam ← sadana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “seat; weakness; inertness; dwelling; exhaustion; numbness; home; residence; seat; inanition; location.”

• dhiyā ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• kṛtaṃ ← kṛtam ← kṛ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• hiraṇyayam ← hiraṇyaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “gold; aureate; hiraṇyaya [word].”

• āsadaṃ ← āsadam ← āsad ← √sad
• [verb noun]
• “approach; attack; sit down; approach; find; arrive.”

• deva ← devaḥ ← deva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• eṣati ← īṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• e ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• riṇanti ← ri
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “free; liberate; run; let go of.”

• barhiṣi ← barhis
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “Barhis; barhis [word].”

• priyaṃ ← priyam ← priya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• girāśvo ← girā ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• girāśvo ← aśvaḥ ← aśva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• devāṃ ← deva
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• apy ← api
• [adverb]
• “besides; even; surely; though; furthermore; among; contrastingly; assuredly.”

• eti ← i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• yajñiyaḥ ← yajñiya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”

देवः द्योतमानः पवमानः धिया स्वकर्मणा कृतं संपादितं हिरण्ययं हिरण्मयम् आसदम् आसन्द्यभिधानम् एषति अभिमुखं गच्छति । ईषतेर्गत्यर्थस्य व्यत्ययेन परस्मैपदम् । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । श्येनो न योनिम् । कुलायं यथा श्येनः पक्षी प्रविशति तद्वत् । ततः ईम् एनं प्रियं प्रीणयितारं सोमं गिरा स्तुत्या बर्हिषि यज्ञे आ रिणन्ति स्तोतारोऽभिमुखं प्रेरयन्ति । स्तुवन्तीत्यर्थः । अनन्तरं यज्ञियः यज्ञार्हः यष्टव्योऽयं सोमः अश्वो न अश्व इव त्वरया देवान् अप्येति अभिगच्छति ॥

English translation:

“The shining (Soma) approaches the golden seat the station constructed by his holy rites, as a falcon (approaches) his nest; (the worshippers) send the well-beloved by their praise to the sacred grass; the adorable Soma proceeds to the gods like a horse.”

Like a falcon to its womb [=nest], the god hastens to sit upon the golden seat made by insight.
They let the dear one spill onto the ritual grass with a song. Like a horse (its stall), the one worthy of the sacrifice approaches the gods.

Act. trans. (ā́) riṇanti, with priests vel sim. as subj. and soma as obj., contrasts with medial (ní) riṇīte in 2, with soma as subj. and a self-involved, reflexive-type meaning.

I supply ‘stall’ as the goal in the simile on the basis of passages containing ápi √i with pā́thaḥ as goal (I.162.2, II.3.9, III.8.9, VII.47.3). It is not necessary, however.

Like as a falcon to his home, so speeds the God to his own golden wisely-tashioned place to rest.
With song they urge the darling to the sacred grass: the Holy One goes like a courser to the Gods.

Der Gott strebt nach seinem goldigen, mit Kunst bereiteten Sitz, um sich hinzusetzen wie ein Falke in sein Nest. Sie lassen den Beliebten auf dem Barhis unter Lobrede laufen; wie ein Roß geht der Opferwürdige zu den Göttern.

Es eilt der Gott zu setzen sich auf goldnen Sitz, den Andacht ihm errichtet, wie aufs Nest der Aar; Sie senden ihn mit Liedern hin zur lieben Streu, der hehre eilet wie ein Ross den Göttern zu.

Как орел в свое гнездо, спешит бог, чтобы сесть
На сиденье, созданное молитвой, золотое.
Милого пускают течь на жертвенную солому с помощью песни.
Словно конь, (сома,) достойный жертв, приобщается к богам.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• पादनिचृज्ज्गती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (देवः) दिव्यगुणयुक्त परमात्मा (धिया कृतं) संस्कृत बुद्धि से साक्षात्कार किया हुआ (हिरण्ययं) प्रकाशरूप (श्येनो न योनिं सदनं) अपने स्थिर स्थान घोसले को प्राप्त होता है, उसी तरह जैसे बाज (आसदं) स्थान को (एषति) प्राप्त होता है। (ईं) उक्त (प्रियं) सबके प्यारे परमात्मा की उपासक (बर्हिषि)हृदय में (गिरा) वेदवाणियों से (आ रिणन्ति) स्तुति करते हैं एवं (यज्ञियः) परमात्मा (देवान्) दिव्य गुणवाले विद्वानों को (अपि एति) प्राप्त होता है॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा का साक्षात्कार करना चाहें, वे अपने हृदय में उसका ध्यान करें ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (देवः) दिव्यगुणयुक्तः परमेश्वरः (धिया कृतम्) संस्कृतबुद्ध्या साक्षात्कृतः (हिरण्ययम्) प्रकाशरूपं (आसदम्) स्थानं (एषति) प्राप्तो भवति। (श्येनो न) यथा श्येनः पक्षी (योनिं सदनम्) स्वनीडमभिगच्छति तद्वत् (ईम्) एनं (प्रियम्) सर्वप्रियं परमात्मानम् उपासकाः (बर्हिषि) हृदये (गिरा) वेदवाणीभिः (आ रिणन्ति) स्तुवन्ति। (अश्वो न) अश्नुते चराचरमिति अश्वः विद्युत् यथा चराचरं व्याप्नोति, तथा (यज्ञियः) परमेश्वरः (देवान्) विदुषः (अपि एति) प्राप्तो भवति ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

प᳓रा वि᳓अक्तो अरुषो᳓ दिवः᳓ कवि᳓र्
वृ᳓षा त्रिपृष्ठो᳓ अनविष्ट गा᳓ अभि᳓
सह᳓स्रणीतिर् य᳓तिः पराय᳓ती
रेभो᳓ न᳓ पूर्वी᳓र् उष᳓सो वि᳓ राजति

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aruṣáḥ ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

párā ← párā (invariable)

vyàktaḥ ← √añj- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

anaviṣṭa ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

tripr̥ṣṭháḥ ← tripr̥ṣṭhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

parāyátiḥ ← parāyáti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sahásraṇītiḥ ← sahásraṇīti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yátiḥ ← yáti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

pūrvī́ḥ ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

rājati ← √rāj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rebháḥ ← rebhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

uṣásaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ví ← ví (invariable)

परा॑ । विऽअ॑क्तः । अ॒रु॒षः । दि॒वः । क॒विः । वृषा॑ । त्रि॒ऽपृ॒ष्ठः । अ॒न॒वि॒ष्ट॒ । गाः । अ॒भि ।
स॒हस्र॑ऽनीतिः । यतिः॑ । प॒रा॒ऽयतिः॑ । रे॒भः । न । पू॒र्वीः । उ॒षसः॑ । वि । रा॒ज॒ति॒ ॥

• parā
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• vyakto ← vyaktaḥ ← vyañj ← √añj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “decorate; fan; anoint.”

• aruṣo ← aruṣaḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• kavir ← kaviḥ ← kavi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• tripṛṣṭho ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tripṛṣṭho ← pṛṣṭhaḥ ← pṛṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “back; top; top; surface; shell; peak; Pṛṣṭha; flat roof; pṛṣṭha [word]; back; roof.”

• anaviṣṭa ← nu
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)

• gā ← gāḥ ← go
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• sahasraṇītir ← sahasraṇītiḥ ← sahasraṇīti
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• yatiḥ ← yati
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “ascetic; Yati.”

• parāyatī ← pare ← √i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “travel; depart; go; die.”

• rebho ← rebhaḥ ← rebha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bard; eulogist.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• pūrvīr ← pūrvīḥ ← pūrva
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”

• uṣaso ← uṣasaḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• rājati ← rāj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “govern; shine; glitter; direct.”

अरुषः आरोचमानः कविः क्रान्तप्रज्ञः सोमः व्यक्तः विस्पष्टधारायुक्तः । यद्वा। वसतीवरीभिर्विशेषेणोक्तः सिक्तः सन् दिवः अन्तरिक्षात् परा पराङ्मुखम् आगच्छति । पवित्रात् द्रोणकलशं परागच्छतीत्यर्थः । वृषा वृषभः त्रिपृष्ठः । त्रीणि सवनानि पृष्ठान्यस्येति त्रिपृष्ठः सोमस्य सर्वेषु विद्यमानत्वात् । तस्मात् त्रिपृष्ठः सोमः गाः स्तोतृभिः क्रियमाणाः स्तुतीरभिलक्ष्य अनविष्ट शब्दायते । ‘नु शब्दे ’ । किंच सहस्रणीतिः सहस्रनयनः। प्रयोगबाहुल्यापेक्षं ग्रहेषु चमसेषु च सहस्रविधनयनत्वम् । अत एव यतिः पात्रादीनि प्रत्यागन्ता परायतिः कलशान् प्रति परागन्ता भवति । सोऽयं पूर्वीः बह्वीः उषसः । ‘ कालाध्वनो:०’ इति द्वितीया । बहुषूष:कालेषु रेभो न । रेभृ शब्दे’ । शब्दायमानः स्तोतेव वि राजति विशेषेण दीप्यते । तेषु सोमस्याभिषूयमाणत्वात् । स्तोता खलु देवानां स्तुतिकरणेन राजति ॥

English translation:

“Radiant, wise, flowing in separate streams, (the Soma descends) from the firmament; the shower offered at the three libations responds to the praises (of the worshippers); led in a thousand directions, coming and going, he shines at many a sunrise like one who sings praises (to the gods).”

Far away is the ruddy poet of heaven, all adorned. The three-backed bull has bellowed to the cows.
The marshal who has a thousand ways and means [=Soma] radiates, like the hoarse-voiced singer [=Agni], across the many dawns as they go away.

A complex vs. esp. in the 2nd hemistich.

In the published translation I take pāda a as a nominal sentence with párā as predicate: “far away is …” I now think a verb of motion, almost surely from √i, should be supplied: “Away (goes) the ruddy poet …” The lexeme párā √i is matched by parāyatī(ḥ) in pāda c, by my analysis (for which see below). The reference is once again to Soma’s journey from the filter to the rendezvous with the milk.

“Three-backed” (tripṛṣṭha-) is probably to be interpr. like tridhā́tu in nearby IX.70.8. Pace Lüders (708-9) I very much doubt it refers to his threefold heavenly Soma.

Pāda c lacks a syllable, which is not easily recovered. This simply adds uncertainty to an already problematic pāda. The subject is yátiḥ, taken by all (incl.

me) as a -ti-stem deriv. to √yam ‘hold, control’. It should in origin be a fem. abstract ‘control’ vel sim., but like other exx. of the formation has acquired a personal agentive sense (on which transference see AiG II.2.637) - hence my ‘marshall’ (for awk. ‘holder-fast, controller’).

More puzzling is parāyátī (Saṃhitā), beginning with what its underlying form is. The Pp gives parāyátiḥ, which is accepted by all the standard interpr., but also possible in this sandhi context would be parāyátī and parāyátīḥ. The standard view is that the form is composed of parā and the selfsame -ti-abstract -yáti- that immediately precedes it and that it also is a nom. sg. masc. referring to Soma - hence Geldner’s “abseits lenkend(?),” Renou’s “poussant en arrière,” etc. But the lexeme párā √yam doesn’t exist in the RV - or anywhere else for that matter. What does exist, and fairly commonly, is párā √i ‘go away, depart’. In fact in the pres. part. it is used once of the Dawns, the same Dawns who appear in our pāda d: I.113.8 parāyatīnā́m ánu eti pā́thaḥ “She [=current Dawn] follows the troop of those who go away [=previous Dawns].” I suggest here that we have an acc. pl. fem. pres. part. It should be accented

*parāyatī́s, but it is not difficult to imagine that its accent could have been retracted redactionally to match preceding yátiḥ. This pres. part. then modifies pūrvī́r uṣásaḥ in the following pāda and is part of the simile rebhó ná in that pāda. I take rebhá- ‘hoarse-voiced (singer)’ (on which gloss see comm. ad VI.3.6) here as referring to Agni as often (incl. I.113.17, in the hymn just cited). Like Agni, Soma ‘radiates’ (ví rājati). With Lüders (708) and Gotō (1st cl., 268 n. 612) I take the verb to √rāj ‘shine’, not, with Grassmann, Geldner, Renou, to √rāj ‘rule’.

From far away, from heaven, the redhued noted Sage, Steer of the triple height, hath sung unto the kine.
With thousand guidings he, leading this way and that, shines, as a singer, splendidly through many a morn.

In seinem Aufputz zieht der rötliche Seher des Himmels aus. Der Bulle mit den drei Rücken hat nach den Kühen gebrüllt. Tausend Wege kennend, lenkend, abseits lenkend, waltet er viele Morgen seines Amts wie ein Barde.

Es eilt geschmückt der rothe Himmels-Seher fort, der Stier mit dreien Rücken jauchzt den Kühen zu; Auf tausend Wegen strebend hin und her bestrahlt die vielen Morgenröthen wie ein Sänger er.

Он (уходит) далеко, разукрашенный алый поэт неба.
Трехспинный бык заревел навстречу коровам.
Распоряжающийся тысячей путей, направляющийся (близко), направляющийся далеко (?),
Как певец, он повелевает многими зорями.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• विराड्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अरुषः) प्रकाशस्वरूप (वृषा) आनन्द का वर्षक (कविः) सर्वज्ञ (व्यक्तः) स्फुट परमात्मा (दिवः परा)द्युलोक से भी परे है। तथा (त्रिपृष्ठः) त्रिकालज्ञपरमात्मा (गाः) उपासनारूपी वाणी को (अभि) लक्ष्य करके (अन्विष्ट) स्थिर है और वह परमेश्वर (सहस्रणीतिः) अनन्त शक्तिवाला है और (यतिः) लोकमर्यादा का हेतु और (परायतिः) सर्वत्र व्याप्त है। परमात्मा (पूर्वी उषसः) अनादिकाल की उषाओं में (रेभो न) प्रकाशमान सूर्य के समान (विराजति) विराजमान है॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अनादिकाल से परमात्मा अनेक उषःकालों को प्रकाशित करता हुआ सर्वत्र विद्यमान है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अरुषः) प्रकाशस्वरूपः (वृषा) आनन्दवर्षकः (कविः) सर्वज्ञः (व्यक्तः) स्फुटः परमात्मा (दिवः परा) द्युलोकादपि परोऽस्ति। तथा (त्रिपृष्ठः) त्रिकालज्ञः परमात्मा (गाः) उपासनारूपा वाणीः (अभि) अभिलक्ष्य (अन्विष्ट) स्थिरोऽस्ति। अथ स परमेश्वरः (सहस्रणीतिः) अनन्तशक्तिमानस्ति। तथा (यतिः) लोकमर्यादाहेतुरस्ति। तथा (परायतिः) सर्वत्र व्याप्तोऽस्ति। परमात्मा (पूर्वी उषसः) अनादिषूषस्सु (रेभो न) प्रकाशमानः सूर्य इव (विराजति) विराजमानोऽस्ति ॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - जगती

त्वेषं᳓ रूपं᳓ कृणुते व᳓र्णो अस्य स᳓
य᳓त्रा᳓शयत् स᳓मृता से᳓धति स्रिधः᳓
अप्सा᳓ याति स्वध᳓या दइ᳓वियं ज᳓नं
सं᳓ सुष्टुती᳓ न᳓सते सं᳓ गो᳓अग्रया

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇute ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rūpám ← rūpá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tveṣám ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

várṇaḥ ← várṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

áśayat ← √śī- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}

sámr̥tā ← sámr̥ti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sédhati ← √sidh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sridháḥ ← srídh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

yátra ← yátra (invariable)

apsā́ḥ ← apsā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

daívyam ← daívya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jánam ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

svadháyā ← svadhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

yāti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

góagrayā ← góagra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

násate ← √nas- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sám ← sám (invariable)

sám ← sám (invariable)

suṣṭutī́ ← suṣṭutí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

त्वे॒षम् । रू॒पम् । कृ॒णु॒ते॒ । वर्णः॑ । अ॒स्य॒ । सः । यत्र॑ । अश॑यत् । सम्ऽऋ॑ता । सेध॑ति । स्रि॒धः ।
अ॒प्साः । या॒ति॒ । स्व॒धया॑ । दैव्य॑म् । जन॑म् । सम् । सु॒ऽस्तु॒ती । नस॑ते । सम् । गोऽअ॑ग्रया ॥

• tveṣaṃ ← tveṣam ← tveṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

• rūpaṃ ← rūpam ← rūpa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “form; appearance; beauty; look; shape; shape; symptom; feature; nature; guise; rūpa [word]; one; appearance; likeness; color; kind; vowel; type; disguise; aspect; form; derivative; omen; vision.”

• kṛṇute ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• varṇo ← varṇaḥ ← varṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “color; caste; complexion; vowel; varṇa [word]; vowel; syllable; appearance; Karat; people; beauty; varṇa; gold; color; complexion.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• yatrāśayat ← yatra
• [adverb]
• “wherein; once [when].”

• yatrāśayat ← aśayat ← śī
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “lie; sleep.”

• samṛtā ← samṛti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “battle; contact.”

• sedhati ← sidh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “chase away; repel.”

• sridhaḥ ← sridh
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “failure; damage.”

• apsā ← ap
• [noun]
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• apsā ← sāḥ ← sā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• yāti ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• svadhayā ← svadhā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”

• daivyaṃ ← daivyam ← daivya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “divine; divine; celestial.”

• janaṃ ← janam ← jana
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• suṣṭutī ← suṣṭuti
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise.”

• nasate ← nas
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• goagrayā ← go
• [noun], masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• goagrayā ← agrayā ← agra
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”

अस्य । अन्वादेशे अशादेशः । अस्य सोमस्य स्वभूतः वर्णः शत्रूणां निवारको रश्मिः त्वेषं दीप्यमानं रूपं कृणुते करोति । सः रश्मिः यत्र समृता । अर्तेः क्तिनि रूपम् । सम्यक् प्राप्यते योद्धृभिरत्रेति संग्रामः । अस्मिन् समृतौ युद्धे अशयत् शेते तिष्ठति । शीङो लङि ‘ बहुलं छन्दसि । इति शपो लुगभावः । तत्र युद्धे स रश्मिः स्रिधः शोषकाञ्छत्रून सेधति निषेधति । हिनस्तीति यावत् । वाक्यभेदादनिघातः । किंच अप्साः । सनोतेः विटि आत्वे कृते रूपम् । अपामुदकानां दाता । यद्वा वसतीवर्याख्यानामपां संभक्ता । सोऽयं स्वधया हवीरूपेणान्नेन सह दैव्यं देवानां संबन्धिनं जनं प्रति याति गच्छति । अपि च सोऽयं सुष्टुती सुस्तुत्या सं संगच्छते । उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः । किंच स सोमः गोअग्रया गवादिमुख्यया यथा वाचा स्तोतारः पशून् याचन्ते तया वाचा सं नसते संगतो भवति । नसतिर्गत्यर्थः । भिन्नवाक्यत्वादनिघातः ॥

English translation:

“His ray creates a shining form; at whatever battle it is present, it beats down the adversaries; the giver of water goes with the oblation to the divine people, (it meets) with good praise; (Soma) is joined by (a hymn) demanding kine as the chief boon.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

His ray: varṇa = from vṛ, keeping off, beating back; ‘his ray repelling his foes’

He makes for himself a glittering form—that is his color. When he has lain down in the clash (of the pressing stones), he wards off errors.
Winning the waters, he drives by his own will to the divine folk. He joins with the lovely praise hymn, with what is tipped with cows.

On the responsions between 8a and 2b and between 8d and 3c, see comm. ad locc.

On the basis of 9b, “the glittering form” seems to be appropriated from the sun.

The sequence of tense in b is somewhat troubling. The main cl. contains a pres. sédhati, which seems to express a general truth. The condition on this truth is expressed by the subordinate yátra cl., but we should then expect either a pres.

“when he lies down” or an aor. or pf. of the immed. past “when he has lain down” - as I in fact tr. ā́śayat – but this is not a normal use of the imperfect.

Properly speaking we would expect the acc. pl. to be accented *srídhaḥ, as it normally is. Formally this should be an oblique sg., but that analysis simply doesn’t work in context.

His covering assumes a radiant hue; where’er he comes into the fight he drives the foe afar.
The Winner of the Floods, with food he seeks the host of heaven, he comes to praises glorified with milk.

Er nimmt ein funkelndes Aussehen an; dies ist seine Farbe. Wo er im Zusammenstoß erlag, beseitigt er die Schäden. Das Wasser gewinnend geht er aus eigenem Antrieb zu dem göttlichen Volke; er stimmt ein in den Lobgesang, in das Gebet, dem die Milchtränke vorangehen.

Er schafft sich lichte Schönheit, das ist seine Art, wo er verweilt, vertreibt die Feinde er im Kampf, Trank spendend geht voll Lust er zu der Götter Stamm, vereint sich liebend mit Gesang und Milcherguss.

Он создает себе сверкающий облик: это цвет его.
Когда он полег в столкновении, он исправляет ошибки.
Завоевывая воды, он идет по своему желанию к божественному роду.
Он соединяется с прекрасной хвалой, которой предшествует (молоко) коров.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• निचृज्जगती
• निषादः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमः) परमात्मा (रूपं) रूप को (त्वेषं) दीप्यमान (कृणुते) करता है। (वर्णः) वरणीय (सः) वह परमात्मा (यत्र) जिस (समृता) संग्राम में (अशयत्) स्थिर होता है, (अस्य) उसमें (स्रिधः) दुष्टों को (सेधति) मारता है। (दैव्यं जनं) दिव्य शक्तिवाले मनुष्य को वह (अप्साः) सत्कर्मों का दाता (सुष्टुती) सुन्दर स्तुतियोग्य परमात्मा (स्वधया) अपने आनन्द से (याति) परिपूर्ण है और (गो अग्रया) वेदवाणी से (सं नसते) सर्वत्र संगत होता है॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्रमें इस बात का वर्णन किया गया है कि परमात्मा प्रत्येक रूप से प्रदीप्त करनेवाला है। उसी की सत्ता से सम्पूर्ण पदार्थ स्थिर हैं और स्वयं वह निर्लेप होकर इन सब चीजों में विराजमान है ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमः) परमात्मा (रूपम्) स्वरूपं (त्वेषम्) दीप्यमानं (कृणुते) करोति (वर्णः) वरणीयः (सः) असौ परमेश्वरः (यत्र) यस्मिन् (समृता) रणे (अशयत्) स्थिरो भवति (अस्य) तत्र (स्रिधः) दुष्टान् (सेधति) हिनस्ति। (दैव्यं जनम्) दिव्यशक्तिमन्तं पुरुषं (अप्साः) सुकर्मदः (सुष्टुती) स्तुतियोग्यो जगदीशः (स्वधया) स्वानन्दवृष्ट्या (याति) परिपूर्णोऽस्ति। अथ च (गो अग्रया) वेदवाण्या (सं नसते) सर्वत्र सङ्गतो भवति ॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

उक्षे᳓व यूथा᳓ परिय᳓न्न् अरावीद्
अ᳓धि त्वि᳓षीर् अधित सू᳓रियस्य
दिव्यः᳓ सुपर्णो᳓ अ᳓व चक्षत क्षां᳓
सो᳓मः प᳓रि क्र᳓तुना पश्यते जाः᳓

Strata
Strophic, Normal

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
arāvīt ← √rū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

iva ← iva (invariable)

pariyán ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ukṣā́ ← ukṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yūthā́ ← yūthá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

adhita ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

tvíṣīḥ ← tvíṣi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

áva ← áva (invariable)

cakṣata ← √cakṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

divyáḥ ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kṣā́m ← kṣám- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

suparṇáḥ ← suparṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

jā́ḥ ← jā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

krátunā ← krátu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

paśyate ← √paś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

उ॒क्षाऽइ॑व । यू॒था । प॒रि॒ऽयन् । अ॒रा॒वी॒त् । अधि॑ । त्विषीः॑ । अ॒धि॒त॒ । सूर्य॑स्य ।
दि॒व्यः । सु॒ऽप॒र्णः । अव॑ । च॒क्ष॒त॒ । क्षाम् । सोमः॑ । परि॑ । क्रतु॑ना । प॒श्य॒ते॒ । जाः ॥

• ukṣeva ← ukṣā ← ukṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; ukṣan [word].”

• ukṣeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• yūthā ← yūtha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “herd; troop; battalion.”

• pariyann ← pariyan ← parī ← √i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “circumambulate; wander; revolve; overwhelm.”

• arāvīd ← arāvīt ← ru
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “bellow; howl.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• tviṣīr ← tviṣīḥ ← tviṣi
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine

• adhita ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• divyaḥ ← divya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• suparṇo ← suparṇaḥ ← suparṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Garuda; Suparṇa; bird of prey; Suparṇa; suparṇa; Suparṇa; eagle.”

• ‘va ← ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• cakṣata ← cakṣ
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “watch; look.”

• kṣāṃ ← kṣām ← kṣā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “Earth; Earth.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• kratunā ← kratu
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

• paśyate ← paś
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

• jāḥ ← jā
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “child; jā; being.”

उक्षेव वृषभ इव यूथा गोयूथानि प्रत्यागच्छञ्छब्दं करोति तद्वदयं सोमः स्तुतीः परियन् परिगच्छन् अरावीत् शब्दायते । ततः सूर्यस्य सर्वस्य प्रेरकस्यादित्यस्य त्विषीः दीप्तीः अधि अधित अधिदधाति । सूर्यात्मना द्युलोकेऽवतिष्ठत इत्यर्थः । दधातेर्लुङि ‘ स्थाध्वोरिच्च’ इति इत्वकित्त्वे । किंच दिव्यः दिवि भवः सुपर्णः सुपतनः श्येनरूपया गायत्र्याहृतत्वाच्छोभनगमनः सोमः क्षाम् । पृथिवीनामैतत् । क्षियन्ति निवसन्त्यत्रेति । क्षां पृथिवीम् अव चक्षत अवपश्यति । चष्टेर्लङि ’ बहुलं छन्दसि ’ इति शपो लुगभावः । ततः सोमः जाः जाताः प्रजाः क्रतुना प्रज्ञानेन परि पश्यते परितः पश्यति । व्यत्ययेनात्मनेपदम् ॥ ॥ २६ ॥

English translation:

“Like a bull approaching the herbs (Soma) roars (as he approaches the praises); he appropriates the lustre of the sun; celestial, flying gracefully he looks down upon the earth; by his wisdom Soma contemplates mankind.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Flying gracefully: suparṇaḥ = a hawk; supatanaḥ, going gracefully, because it is carried off by gāyatrī in the shape of a hawk

Like a bull going around the herds, he has bellowed as he circles. He has put on the glitterings of the sun.
The heavenly eagle looks down upon the earth. Soma surveys the
creatures in accord with his purpose.

Like a bull roaming round the herds he bellows: he hath assumed the brilliancy of Surya.
Down to the earth hath looked the heavenly Falcon: Soma with wisdom views all living creatures.

Wie ein Stier, der die Herden umwandelt, hat er gebrüllt; die funkelnden Strahlen der Sonne hat er angenommen. Der himmlische Vogel sieht auf die Erde herab; Soma überschaut mit Überlegung die Geschöpfe.

Die Heerden wie ein Bull durchschreitend brüllt er, er hat sich angelegt der Sonne Strahlen; Des Himmels Adler blickt herab zur Erde, Soma beschaut mit Weisheit alle Wesen.

Он взревел, как бык, обегающий стада.
Он взял себе вспышки солнца.
Небесная птица, он смотрит вниз на землю.
Сома разглядывает существа благодаря (своей) силе духа.

• पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषभो वैश्वामित्रः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उक्षेव) विद्युत् के समान (यूथा) गणों को (परियन्) प्राप्त होकर (अरावीत्) शब्दायमान होता है (सूर्य्यस्य) सूर्य की (त्विषीः) दीप्ति को (अधि अधित) धारण कराता है। (दिव्यः) दिव्य गुणवाला (सुपर्णः) चेतन (सोमः) परमात्मा (क्षां) पृथिवी का (अव चक्षत) निर्माण करनेवाला है। वह परमात्मा (जाः) प्रजा को (क्रतुना) ज्ञानदृष्टि से (परि पश्यते) देखता है॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा अपनी ज्ञानदृष्टि से सम्पूर्ण पदार्थों को देखता है और सूर्यादि लोक-लोकान्तरों का प्रकाशक है ॥९॥ यह ७१ वाँ सूक्त और २६ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उक्षेव) विद्युदिव (यूथा) गणान् (परियन्) सम्प्राप्य (अरावीत्) शब्दायते (सूर्य्यस्य) सर्वात्मनः (त्विषीः) दीप्तीः (अध्यधित) अधिदधाति स पूर्वोक्तः (दिव्यः) (सुपर्णः) चिद्रूपः परमात्मा (क्षाम्) पृथिवीं (अव चक्षत) व्याकरोति (सोमः) परमात्मा (क्रतुना) ज्ञानदृष्ट्या (जाः) प्रजाः (परि पश्यते) पश्यति ॥९॥ इत्येकसप्ततितमं सूक्तं षड्विंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः॥