०६६

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वस्व विश्वचर्षणे
अभि᳓ वि᳓श्वानि का᳓विया
स᳓खा स᳓खिभ्य ई᳓डियः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

viśvacarṣaṇe ← viśvácarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

kā́vyā ← kā́vya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvāni ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

ī́ḍyaḥ ← ī́ḍya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhā ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhibhyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

पव॑स्व । वि॒श्व॒ऽच॒र्ष॒णे॒ । अ॒भि । विश्वा॑नि । काव्या॑ ।
सखा॑ । सखि॑ऽभ्यः । ईड्यः॑ ॥

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• viśvacarṣaṇe ← viśvacarṣaṇi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• ‘bhi ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• viśvāni ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• kāvyā ← kāvya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

• sakhā ← sakhi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• sakhibhya ← sakhibhyaḥ ← sakhi
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• īḍyaḥ ← īḍ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “praise; invite; raise.”

हे विश्वचर्षणे सर्वव्यापित्वेन सर्वस्य द्रष्टर्हे सोम सखा स्तुत्यस्तोतृयष्टृयष्टव्यलक्षणेन संबन्धेन सखिभूतस्त्वम् ईड्यः स्तोतव्यः सन् सखिभ्यः हविष्प्रदानेनोपकारकत्वात् मित्रभूतेभ्योऽस्मभ्यं विश्वानि सर्वाणि काव्या । कवेः कर्माणि काव्यानि । ब्राह्मणादित्वात् ष्यञ्। सर्वाणि स्तोत्राणि अभि लक्षीकृत्य पवस्व आगच्छ॥

English translation:

“All-seeing (Soma), who are the adorable friend (of the worshippers), flow for (us your) friends towards all (our) hymns of praise.”

Purify yourself, you who are common to all the separate peoples,
(surging) toward all products of poetic skill,
a comrade for your comrades, to be reverently invoked.

The b pāda lacks a verb: Geldner supplies (silently) “zu gewinnen,” Renou parenthetically “pour (atteindre).” The pāda is found 3x elsewhere (IX.23.1, 62.25, 63.25); in two the vs. contains a form of √sṛj ‘surge’ (asṛgram 23.1, asṛkṣata 63.25) and I therefore supply that verb here.

FOR holy lore of every sort, flow onward thou whom all men love.
A Friend to be besought by friends.

Läutere dich, bei allen Völkern Bekannter, um alle Sehergaben zu gewinnen, als Freund für die Freunde anzurufen.

O riesle, aller Menschen Hort, uns alle Sehergaben her, Ein Freund den Freunden, preisenswerth.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• पादनिचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब ईश्वर के गुणों का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वचर्षणे) हे सर्वज्ञ परमात्मन् ! (विश्वानि काव्या) सम्पूर्ण कवियों के भाव को (अभि) सब ओर से प्रदान करके हमको आप (पवस्व) पवित्र करें और मित्रों के लिए आप (सखिभ्यः) मित्र हैं (ईड्यः) तथा सर्वपूज्य हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा से मित्र के समान प्रेम करते हैं अर्थात् जिनको परमात्मा मित्र के समान प्रिय लगता है, उनको परमात्मा कवित्व की अद्भुत शक्ति देते हैं ॥१॥

अथेश्वरगुणा वर्ण्यन्ते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वचर्षणे) हे जगदीश्वर ! (विश्वानि काव्या) सर्वेषां कवीनां भावान् (अभि) परितः प्रदायास्मान् (पवस्व) पवित्रय। अथ च (सखिभ्यः) मित्रेभ्यः (सखा) मित्रमसि। तथा (ईड्यः) सर्वैः पूजनीयोऽसि ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ता᳓भ्यां वि᳓श्वस्य राजसि
ये᳓ पवमान धा᳓मनी
प्रतीची᳓ सोम तस्थ᳓तुः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
rājasi ← √rāj- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tā́bhyām ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:DU}

víśvasya ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

dhā́manī ← dhā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:DU}

pavamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:DU}

pratīcī́ ← pratyáñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:DU}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tasthátuḥ ← √sthā- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ताभ्या॑म् । विश्व॑स्य । रा॒ज॒सि॒ । ये इति॑ । प॒व॒मा॒न॒ । धाम॑नी॒ इति॑ ।
प्र॒ती॒ची इति॑ । सो॒म॒ । त॒स्थतुः॑ ॥

• tābhyāṃ ← tābhyām ← tad
• [noun], instrumental, dual, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• viśvasya ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• rājasi ← rāj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “govern; shine; glitter; direct.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, dual, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• pavamāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• dhāmanī ← dhāman
• [noun], nominative, dual, neuter
• “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”

• pratīcī ← pratyañc
• [noun], nominative, dual, neuter
• “western; facing; westbound; backward; pratyañc [word]; inverted.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• tasthatuḥ ← sthā
• [verb], dual, Perfect indicative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

हे पवमान दशापवित्रेण पूयमान पुनान वा हे सोम ये धामनी पूर्वपक्षापरपक्षयोर्लतारूपस्य सोमस्य तवैकैकपर्णवृद्धिहासाभ्यां तव स्वभूतौ पूर्वादिपक्षौ । यद्वा ये धामनी नामनी अंशुसोमात्मके अपि प्रतीची त्वदभिमुखं गच्छन्तौ गच्छती वा पक्षौ नामनी वा तस्थतुः उपजग्मतुः ताभ्यां त्वं विश्वस्य सर्वस्य लोकस्य राजसि स्वामी भवसि । पूर्वादिपक्षाभ्यां सर्वलोकस्योपनायकत्वात्तस्य स्वामी भवसि । पृथिव्यामंशुनाम्ना मनुष्याणां सर्वेषामभीप्सितदानेन तस्य लोकस्य द्युलोके देवेभ्यः स्वसुधामयकलादानेन तेषां प्रीणयिता भवसि । देवाः खलु सोमस्यैकैकवृद्धिहासाभ्यां कलाः पिबन्ति ॥

English translation:

“You, purified Soma, rule the universe by those two halves (of the lunar month) which stand facing you.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Those two halves: dhāmanī = pūrvādipakṣau, the first and second fortnights of the lunar month, the sides or halves of the month resembling in their increase and decrease the sides of a creeper, whose leaves alternate; or, nāmāni aṃśusomātmake, the two names (aṃśu and Soma); ‘on earth under the name aṃśu by granting the desires of all mankind (Soma rules) this world; in heaven by giving the gods your lunar digits you are the winner of their affections. The gods drink the digits of the (moon) Soma by means of their growth and diminution one by one (i.e., as the moon waxes and wanes); dhāmanī probably means the two abodes (or stations) of the Soma

From those two you rule over all, self-purifying one—from the two domains [=Heaven and Earth]
that stand facing (each other), o Soma.

The issue in this vs. is the identify of the two dhā́manī; dependent on the answer to that is the function of the du. pronoun tā́bhyām, which could be instr., dat., or abl.

Answering the first question is made difficult by the fact that this is the only du. form of dhā́man- in the RV. Geldner tr. “Formen” (likewise Renou “formes”) and in n. 2-3 explains these as the different stages (Stadien) the soma goes through in its preparation. This interpr. fails to explain the difference between the du. of vs. 2 and the pl. of 3; nor does it account for how Soma “rules with” these forms (taking tā́bhyām as instr. as he does). Renou’s interpr. of dhā́manī in 2 as the pure and mixed forms of soma provides a satisfactory account of the dual, but does not explain the transition to the pl. in 3 and again fails to explain how Soma rules with them. I take the term quite differently, as ‘domains’ (rather than ‘forms’). In vs. 2 the dual refers to Heaven and Earth and alludes to the split of Soma into heavenly and earthly forms, a common trope in IX: he has a home in both places. Taking tā́bhyām as abl., I see Soma as ruling from both those polarized spaces, which together contain everything.

This interpr. gives pratīcī́in c more content than the fairly empty renderings of Geldner (“die sich (uns) darbieten”) and Renou (“qui se tiennent face (à nous)”): Heaven and Earth as the two cosmic halves face each other.

O’er all thou rulest with these Two which, Soma Pavamana, stand,
Turned, as thy stations, hitherward.

Mit diesen beiden herrschest du über das All, mit den beiden Formen, o Pavamana, die sich uns darbieten, o Soma.

Du flammender beherrschst das All durch beide Weltenstätten, die, O Soma, sich einander schaun.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! आप (ताभ्याम्) ज्ञान और कर्म दोनों द्वारा (विश्वस्य) सम्पूर्ण विश्व का (राजसि) प्रकाश करते हैं। (पवमान) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! (ये धामनी) जो ज्ञान कर्म (प्रतीची) प्राचीन हैं, वे (तस्थतुः) हममें विराजमान हों॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सब लोक-लोकान्तरों में विराजमान है। ज्ञान क्रिया और बल ये तीनों प्रकार के उसके प्राचीन धाम हैं, जिनसे वह सबको प्रेरणा करता है ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमेश्वर ! भवान् (ताभ्याम्) कर्मज्ञानाभ्यां (विश्वस्य) समस्तसंसारस्य (राजसि) प्रकाशं करोति (पवमान) सर्वपवित्रयितः परमात्मन् ! (ये धामनी) ज्ञानकर्मणी (प्रतीची) प्राचीने स्तः ते (तस्थतुः) उपजग्मतुः ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि धा᳓मानि या᳓नि ते
तुवं᳓ सोमासि विश्व᳓तः
प᳓वमान र्तु᳓भिः कवे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dhā́māni ← dhā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

pári ← pári (invariable)

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yā́ni ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

viśvátas ← viśvátas (invariable)

kave ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pávamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

r̥túbhiḥ ← r̥tú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

परि॑ । धामा॑नि । यानि॑ । ते॒ । त्वम् । सो॒म॒ । अ॒सि॒ । वि॒श्वतः॑ ।
पव॑मान । ऋ॒तुऽभिः॑ । क॒वे॒ ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• dhāmāni ← dhāman
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”

• yāni ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• somāsi ← soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• somāsi ← asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• viśvataḥ ← viśvatas
• [adverb]
• “everywhere; around; about.”

• pavamāna ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ṛtubhiḥ ← ṛtu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “season; turn; menstruation; ṛtu [word]; time period; order; six.”

• kave ← kavi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

हे सोम यस्मात् ते त्वदीयानि धामानि त्वदधीना अहोरात्ररूपाः कालविशेषाः परि भवन्ति सर्वत्र व्याप्तास्तिष्ठन्ति । यद्वा त्वदीयानि धामानि तेजांसि परि वर्तन्ते अत एव हे पवमान पूयमान हे कवे क्रान्तकर्मन हे सोम त्वम् ऋतुभिः वसन्तादिकालविशेषैः सह विश्वतः सर्वतः असि भवसि । अहोरात्रौ यत्र यत्र व्याप्तौ तत्र तत्र वसन्तादिकालोपाधिकः सोमस्तिष्ठति । तयोस्तधीनत्वादित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Since your splendour abounds, you purified sage, Soma, are everywhere (associated) with the seasons.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I.e. Soma whose attributes are the seasons such as spring, exists wherever day and night spread; because day and night are dependent on the Soma (i.e., the moon)

The domains that are yours, Soma, you surround entirely
according to the ritual sequences, o self-purifying poet.1294 IX.66

My interpr. of the du. dhā́manī in 2 as the two cosmic domains allows the contrast between that form and the pl. dhā́māni to make sense. We have moved from the cosmic, to the ritual, in particular to the ritual ground - and here the pl. ‘domains’ are the ritual spaces that Soma traverses and encloses. This change of venue and focus is signalled esp. by ṛtúbhiḥ ‘according to the ritual sequences’. Thus the themes of space and the cosmic reach of Soma that I identified as characteristic of this hymn find economical expression in the transition from the cosmic Soma in vs. 2 to the ritual Soma of vs. 3.

The main verb of this clause is pári … asi, in the formula viśvátaḥ pári √as ‘surround entirely’ (on which see my 1998 “Rigvedic viśvátaḥ sīm, Or, Why Syntax Needs Poetics,” Fs. Watkins). Within this phrase we seem to have an embedded rel. cl. yā́ni te “which are yours,” dependent on the obj. dhā́māni, and embedded relatives are generally blocked in the RV. But as we have noted elsewhere (see, e.g., comm. ad VI.21.2, 22.5), nominal rel. clauses are an exception to this rule, and here the yā́ni seems to be displaying (proto-)izafe behavior.

Wise Soma Pavamana, thou encompassest on every side
Thy stations as the seasons come.

Die Formen, die dir eigen, die umschließest du vollständig zu den rechten Zeiten, o Pavamana, o Seher.

Um alle Stätten, die du hast, o Soma, bist du überall, O Seher, hell zur Opferzeit.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कवे) हे सर्वज्ञ परमात्मन् ! (पवमान) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले ! आप (ऋतुभिः) वसन्त आदि ऋतुओं के परिवर्तन से संसार में नये-नये भाव उत्पन्न करते हैं और (यानि ते) जो तुम्हारे (धामानि) लोक-लोकान्तर (परि) सब ओर हैं, उनको(विश्वतः) सब प्रकार से (त्वं सोमासि) आप उत्पन्न करनेवाले हैं॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उत्पत्ति, स्थिति तथा प्रलय तीनों प्रकार की क्रियाओं का हेतु है। अर्थात् उसी से संसार की उत्पत्ति और उसी में स्थिति और उसी से प्रलय होता है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कवे) हे सर्वज्ञ जगदीश्वर ! (पवमान) सर्वपवित्रकर्तः ! भवान् (ऋतुभिः) वसन्ताद्यृतूनां परिवर्तनेन नव्यान् भावानुत्पादयति। अथ च (यानि ते) यानि तव (धामानि) लोकलोकान्तराणि (परि) परितस्सन्ति तानि (विश्वतः) सर्वथा (त्वं सोमासि) त्वमुत्पादकोऽसि ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वस्व जन᳓यन्न् इ᳓षो
अभि᳓ वि᳓श्वानि वा᳓रिया
स᳓खा स᳓खिभ्य ऊत᳓ये

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
íṣaḥ ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

janáyan ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

vā́ryā ← vā́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvāni ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

sákhā ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhibhyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

ūtáye ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

पव॑स्व । ज॒नय॑न् । इषः॑ । अ॒भि । विश्वा॑नि । वार्या॑ ।
सखा॑ । सखि॑ऽभ्यः । ऊ॒तये॑ ॥

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• janayann ← janayan ← janay ← √jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “cause; give birth; produce; beget; generate; originate; create; create; make.”

• iṣo ← iṣaḥ ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• ‘bhi ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• viśvāni ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• vāryā ← vārya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth.”

• sakhā ← sakhi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• sakhibhya ← sakhibhyaḥ ← sakhi
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• ūtaye ← ūti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “aid; favor; ūti [word].”

हे सोम सखा सखिभूतस्त्वं विश्वानि सर्वाणि वार्या वरणीयान्यस्मत्कृतानि स्तोत्राणि अभि लक्षीकृत्य सखिभ्यः अस्मभ्यम् ऊतये रक्षणाय जीवनाय इषः अन्नानि जनयन् प्रयच्छन् पवस्व आगच्छ । पवतिर्गतिकर्मा ॥

English translation:

“Soma, who are a friend, do you for the sake of all our desirable (praises) approach genitive rating food for (us your) friends for our support.”

Purify yourself, begetting refreshments, (surging) toward all valuables, as a comrade to aid your comrades.

As in 1b, I supply ‘surging’ with 4b, on the basis of their identical construction.

Flow onward, generating food, for precious boons of every kind,
A Friend for friends, to be our help.

Läutere dich, indem du Labsale schaffst, um alle begehrenswerten Dinge zu gewinnen, als Freund den Freunden zur Hilfe!

O riesle, zeugend Labetrunk, uns alle Herrlichkeiten her, Ein Freund den Freunden, zum Genuss.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (विश्वानि) सब पदार्थ (वार्या) वरणीय (अभि) सब ओर से आप हमें दें और (इषः) ऐश्वर्य को (जनयन्) पैदा करते हुए (पवस्व) आप हमको पवित्र करें (सखिभ्यः) मित्रों की (ऊतये) रक्षा के लिए (सखा) आप मित्र हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मपरायण होते हैं, परमात्मा उन्हें सब प्रकार के आनन्दों से विभूषित करता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे जगदीश्वर ! (विश्वानि) सर्वे पदार्थाः (वार्या) ये वरणीयास्सन्ति (अभि) तान्मह्यमभिदेहि। अथ च (इषः) ऐश्वर्यम् (जनयन्) उत्पादयन् (पवस्व) अस्मान् पवित्रयतु। (सखिभ्यः) मित्राणां (ऊतये) रक्षायै (सखा) मित्रमसि ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

त᳓व शुक्रा᳓सो अर्च᳓यो
दिव᳓स् पृष्ठे᳓ वि᳓ तन्वते
पवि᳓त्रं सोम धा᳓मभिः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
arcáyaḥ ← arcí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śukrā́saḥ ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

pr̥ṣṭhé ← pr̥ṣṭhá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

tanvate ← √tan- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ví ← ví (invariable)

dhā́mabhiḥ ← dhā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

pavítram ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

तव॑ । शु॒क्रासः॑ । अ॒र्चयः॑ । दि॒वः । पृ॒ष्ठे । वि । त॒न्व॒ते॒ ।
प॒वित्र॑म् । सो॒म॒ । धाम॑ऽभिः ॥

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• śukrāso ← śukrāsaḥ ← śukra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

• arcayo ← arcayaḥ ← arci
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “flare.”

• divas ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• pṛṣṭhe ← pṛṣṭha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “back; top; top; surface; shell; peak; Pṛṣṭha; flat roof; pṛṣṭha [word]; back; roof.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• tanvate ← tan
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “expand; perform; cause; increase; write; spread; produce; spread; speak; propagate.”

• pavitraṃ ← pavitram ← pavitra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• dhāmabhiḥ ← dhāman
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”

हे सोम शुक्रासः सर्वत्र ज्वलनशीलाः धामभिः तेजोभिः सहितस्य तव स्वभूताः अर्चयः अर्चनीया रश्मयः दिवः द्योतमानस्यादित्यस्य द्युलोकस्य वा पृष्ठे अधरभागे। पृथिव्यामित्यर्थः। पवित्रं पवनसाधनमुदकं वि तन्वते विशेषेण तन्वन्ति विस्तारयन्ति । सर्वत्र कुर्वन्तीत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ ७ ॥

English translation:

“Soma, the shining rays of you who are accompanied by brilliance, spread the purifying (water) over the surface of heaven.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Pṛṣṭha = the lower part of heaven, i.e., the earth

Yours are the gleaming rays that spread widely on the back of heaven across the filter, Soma, through your domains.

This vs. seems to unite Soma’s two theatres of operation, as laid out in vss. 2-3, the cosmic and the ritual. His “gleaming rays” (reminiscent of the sun) spread both “on the back of heaven” (divás pṛṣṭhé) and across the ritual filter (pavítram); the instr. dhā́mabhiḥ “through your domains” can make reference both to this combining of cosmic and ritual and also, more specifically, to the limited ritual domains expressed by the pl. dhā́māni in vs. 3.

Renou’s characterization in his n. - “Soma-soleil …; en fait, l’image rituelle se combine avec l’image solaire” - expresses this rather nicely, though it’s hard to get it from his tr. On the likening of the soma liquid on the filter to the sun, see IX.10.5 and comm. thereon.

Upon the lofty ridge of heaven thy bright rays with their essences,
Soma, spread purifying power.

Deine klaren Strahlen breiten am Rücken des Himmels eine Seihe aus durch ihre Eigenschaften, o Soma.

Am Himmelsrücken breiten sich rings deine hellen Strahlen aus Zur Seihe, Soma, nach dem Brauch.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (धामभिः) आप अपनी शक्तियों से (पवित्रम्) पवित्र हैं। (तव) तुम्हारी (शुक्रासः) बलवाली (अर्चयः) प्रकाश की लहरें (दिवस्पृष्ठे) द्युलोक के ऊपर (वितन्वते) विस्तृत हो रही हैं॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की ज्योति सर्वत्र दीप्तिमती है, उसके प्रकाश से एक रेणु भी खाली नहीं। द्युलोक में उसका प्रकाश इस प्रकार फैला हुआ है, जैसे मकड़ी के जाले के तन्तुओं के आतान-वितान का पारावार नहीं मिलता, इसी प्रकार उसका पारावार नहीं ॥ अथवा यों कहो कि मयूरपिच्छ की शोभा के समान उसके द्युलोक की अनन्त प्रकार की शोभा है, जिसको परमात्मज्योति ने देदीप्यमान किया है ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमेश्वर ! (धामभिः) भवान् स्वशक्तिभिः (पवित्रम्) पवित्रोऽस्ति (तव) भवतः (शुक्रासः) बलवत्यः (अर्चयः) प्रकाशोर्मयः (दिवस्पृष्ठे) द्युलोकोपरि (वितन्वते) विस्तृताः सन्ति ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

त᳓वेमे᳓ सप्त᳓ सि᳓न्धवः
प्रशि᳓षं सोम सिस्रते
तु᳓भ्यं धावन्ति धेन᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
imé ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

praśíṣam ← praśíṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

sisrate ← √sr̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

dhāvanti ← √dhāv- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dhenávaḥ ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

túbhyam ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

तव॑ । इ॒मे । स॒प्त । सिन्ध॑वः । प्र॒ऽशिष॑म् । सो॒म॒ । सि॒स्र॒ते॒ ।
तुभ्य॑म् । धा॒व॒न्ति॒ । धे॒नवः॑ ॥

• taveme ← tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• taveme ← ime ← idam
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “seven; seventh.”

• sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• praśiṣaṃ ← praśiṣam ← praśis
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “order; direction.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sisrate ← sṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sṛ; liquefy; run; spread; stretch out.”

• tubhyaṃ ← tubhyam ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• dhāvanti ← dhāv
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “run; run; wash.”

• dhenavaḥ ← dhenu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

सृष्टिकर्तृत्वप्रसङ्गादाह । हे सोम इमे इमाः त्वया सृष्टाः सप्त सप्तसंख्याकाः सिन्धवः स्यन्दमाना गङ्गाद्या नद्यः । यद्वा सप्त सर्पणशीला नद्यः तव प्रशिषं प्रशासनमाज्ञामभि सिस्रते अनुसरन्ति । त्वदाज्ञामनुसृत्य समुद्रं गच्छन्तीत्यर्थः । किंच धेनवः नवप्रसूतिका देवानां हविष्प्रदानेन प्रीणयित्र्यो गावः तुभ्यं त्वदर्थमेवाशिरं प्रयच्छाम इति धावन्ति आगच्छन्ति ।

English translation:

“These your seven rivers flow, Soma, at your command; the kine hasten to you.”

Yours are these seven streams that flow forth to your command, Soma. For you do the milk-cows run. ᳓

O Soma, these Seven Rivers flow, as being thine, to give command:
The Streams of milk run forth to thee.

Deinem Befehl gehorchend fließen diese sieben Ströme, o Soma; für dich laufen die Milchkühe.

Die sieben Ströme rinnen hier auf dein Geheiss, o Soma, hin, Dir strömen milchversehen sie.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (तव) तुम्हारे (इमे) ये (सप्त सिन्धवः) सात प्रकार के (धेनवः) वाणियों के प्रवाह (प्रशिषम्) प्रशासन को (सिस्रते) अनुसरण करते हैं और (तुभ्यम्) तुम्हारे लिए ही (धावन्ति) प्रतिदिन गमन करते हैं॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के शासन में वेदादि वाणियों के प्रवाह बहते हैं। अथवा यों कहो कि ज्ञानेन्द्रियों के सप्त छिद्रों के द्वारा प्राण सिन्धु के समान प्रतिक्षण क्रिया को प्राप्त हो रहे हैं। अथवा यों कहो कि सम्पूर्ण भूत, सिन्धु आदि नदियों के समान उसी से निकलकर उसी के स्वरूप में प्रतिदिन स्त्रवित होते हैं ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) चराचरोत्पादक परमात्मन् ! (तव) भवतः (इमे) इमे (सप्त सिन्धवः) सप्तविधाः (धेनवः) वाणीप्रवाहाः (प्रशिषम्) प्रशासनम् (सिस्रते) अनुसरन्ति। अथ च (तुभ्यम्) तुभ्यमेव (धावन्ति) प्रतिदिनं गच्छन्ति ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓ सोम याहि धा᳓रया
सुत᳓ इ᳓न्द्राय मत्सरः᳓
द᳓धानो अ᳓क्षिति श्र᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dhā́rayā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yāhi ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

matsaráḥ ← matsará- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ákṣiti ← ákṣiti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

dádhānaḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

प्र । सो॒म॒ । या॒हि॒ । धार॑या । सु॒तः । इन्द्रा॑य । म॒त्स॒रः ।
दधा॑नः । अक्षि॑ति । श्रवः॑ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• yāhi ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• dhārayā ← dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• suta ← sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• matsaraḥ ← matsara
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “intoxicant; invigorating; hostile.”

• dadhāno ← dadhānaḥ ← dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• akṣiti
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “imperishable.”

• śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

हे सोम अभिषूयमाण देव मत्सरः इन्द्रस्य मदकरस्वं सुतः अस्माभिरभिषुतः सन् इन्द्राय इन्द्रार्थं दशापवित्रान्निर्गतया संततया त्वदीयया धारया द्रोणकलशं प्र याहि प्रकर्षेण प्राप्नुहि । यद्वा । हे सोम सुतोऽभिषुतस्त्वमिन्द्राय मत्सरो मादयितृतमः सन् धारयाग्नौ स्वाहाकारेण पात्रात् पतन्त्या धारया सह त्वमिन्द्रमुपयाहि । कीदृशः । अक्षिति अक्षीणं श्रवः। श्रव इत्यन्ननाम । दधानः अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छन् प्र याहीति ॥

English translation:

“Proceed, Soma, in a stream when effused, giving exhilaration to Indra, bestowing (upon us) inexhaustible food.”

Drive forth, Soma, in a stream, pressed as exhilarating for Indra, establishing for yourself imperishable fame.

This vs. contains the famous phrase ákṣiti śrávaḥ (or a minor variant of it) “imperishable fame,” interestingly acquired not by a human, but by Soma himself.

Flow onward, Soma in a stream, effused to gladden Indra’s heart,
Bringing imperishable fame.

Komm hervor mit deinem Strome, o Soma, für Indra ausgepreßt, berauschend, unvergänglichen Ruhm erwerbend!

O Soma, schreite vor im Strom, zum Rausch für Indra ausgepresst, Erlangend Ruhm, der nie vergeht.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (धारया) अपने आनन्द की वृष्टि से (प्रयाहि) आप हमको आकर प्राप्त हों। आप (इन्द्राय) ऐश्वर्य के लिए (सुतः) प्रसिद्ध हैं और (मत्सरः) आनन्दस्वरूप हैं तथा (अक्षिति) अक्षय (श्रवः) यश को (दधानः) आप धारण किये हुए हैं॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा का यश अक्षय है, इसलिए अन्यत्र भी वेद ने वर्णन किया है कि “यस्य नाम महद्यशः” जिसका सबसे बड़ा यश है, वह परमात्मा निराकारभाव से सर्वत्र व्यापक हो रहा है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे जगदीश्वर ! (धारया) स्वानन्दवृष्ट्या (प्रयाहि) आगत्य मां प्राप्नोतु। भवान् (इन्द्राय) ऐश्वर्याय (सुतः) प्रसिद्धोऽस्ति। अथ च (मत्सरः) आनन्दस्वरूपोऽस्ति। तथा (अक्षिति) अक्षयं (श्रवः) यशः (दधानः) धार्यमाणोऽस्ति ॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स᳓म् उ त्वा धीभि᳓र् अस्वरन्
हिन्वतीः᳓ सप्त᳓ जाम᳓यः
वि᳓प्रम् आजा᳓ विव᳓स्वतः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asvaran ← √svar- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

dhībhíḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

sám ← sám (invariable)

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

hinvatī́ḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jāmáyaḥ ← jāmí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ājā́ ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vípram ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vivásvataḥ ← vivásvant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

सम् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । त्वा॒ । धी॒भिः । अ॒स्व॒र॒न् । हि॒न्व॒तीः । स॒प्त । जा॒मयः॑ ।
विप्र॑म् । आ॒जा । वि॒वस्व॑तः ॥

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• dhībhir ← dhībhiḥ ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• asvaran ← svar
• [verb], plural, Imperfect
• “sing.”

• hinvatīḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• jāmayaḥ ← jāmi
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sister; woman; daughter-in-law.”

• vipram ← vipra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

• ājā ← āji
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

• vivasvataḥ ← vivasvant
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Surya; sun; Vivasvant; Vivasvant.”

हे सोम हिन्वतीः । लिङ्गव्यत्ययः । हिन्वन्तः स्तुतीः प्रेरयन्तः सप्त सप्तसंख्याकाः जामयः एकस्मिन् यज्ञे कर्मकरणेन परस्परं बन्धुभूता होतृप्रभृतयः सप्त होत्रकाः विवस्वतः देवानां हविष्प्रदानेन परिचरणवतो यजमानस्य आजा आजौ । अजन्ति गच्छन्ति ऋत्विजोऽत्रेत्याजिर्यज्ञः । तस्मिन् विप्रं मेधाविनं पवमानं त्वा त्वामेव धीभिः धीतिभिः स्तुतिभिः सम् अस्वरन् अशब्दयन् अस्तुवन् । यद्वा । हिन्वतीर्गच्छन्त्यः सप्त जामयो गङ्गाद्याः सप्त नद्यो धीभिः । वर्णलोपश्छान्दसः । धीतिभिः अङ्गुलीभिर्विप्रं त्वां समस्वरन् प्रेरयन्ति । वसतीवरीभिरेकधनाभिश्च परिशोधनार्थं प्रेरयन्तीति ॥

English translation:

“The seven kindred (priests) uttering (praises) and worshipping (the gods with oblations) invoked you the sage at the sacrifice with hymns.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Seven kindred priests: Or, the seven kindred rivers urge you with thei rfingers, i.e., send you forth to be cleansed by the vasatīvarī and ekadhanā waters

Together the seven siblings cried out to you, inciting with insightful thoughts
the inspired poet at the contest of Vivasvant.

It may not be clear in the published translation that “you” and “the inspired poet” are identical.

The referent of the “seven siblings” (saptá jāmáyaḥ) is disputed. Geldner identifies them as the fingers - and certainly jāmí- is regularly used of the fingers of the officiants in IX.

But 1) do fingers “cry out”? and more important, 2) why then “seven”? It seems unlikely that the poet would deliberately evoke an image of disfigurement or, at the very least, incompleteness. Ober (II.73; see II.71) tries to rescue this identification by suggesting that seven and ten are “equivalent” indications of totality. But as he himself notes, a number of other groups of seven are mentioned in IX. A reference to one of these in this vs. would save us from positing an defective set of fingers. The most likely referent in my view are the seven streams, saptá síndhavaḥ found two vss. earlier (6a). Rivers regularly make noise in the RV, and the proximity of that very phrase in vs. 6 tips the scales for me. Another feminine group of seven is the seven insightful thoughts, saptá dhītáyaḥ (IX.8.4, 9.4, 15.8, 62.17). dhītí- also make noise, and they also (though not explicitly numbered 7) appear several vss. later doing just that: 11c ávāvaśanta dhītáyaḥ “the insightful thoughts have bellowed.” However, supplying dhītáyaḥ here would lead to a poetically clumsy nearredundancy: the related dhī́-, also ‘insightful thought’, is found in the same clause, and “the seven (inspired thoughts) cried out to you with inspired thoughts” would be, to say the least, awk. (rather than being a pleasing etymological echo, at least to my mind). Lüders (246) also goes for streams, and Renou, citing his treatment, seems silently to endorse it. Lüders claims that Geldner identifies the seven as dhītáyaḥ, despite Geldner’s clear n. 1 “Die Finger.” I don’t see where Lüders got this - I assume it’s simply a lapse.

In IX the figure Vivasvant seems to be the prototype sacrificer (see Oldenberg ad IX.99.2), perhaps in his role as father of Manu. For further on Vivasvant see published introduction. to I.139 as well as comm. to IX.99.2, X.14.5.

Driving thee in Vivasvan’s course, the Seven Sisters with their hymns
Made melody round thee the Sage.

Es haben die sieben Schwestern dich mit Kunst anspornend im Chore besungen, dich, den Beredten, im Wettkampf des Vivasvat.

Die sieben Schwestern rauschten dir entsandt mit den Gebeten zu, Dir Weisem auf Vivasvats Bahn.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (विप्रम्) सर्वज्ञ (त्वा) आपको (सप्त जामयः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियों के सात गोलक (धीभिः) बुद्धि द्वारा (समु) भली-भाँति (अस्वरन्) शब्द करते हुए (विवस्वतः) यज्ञकर्त्ता के (आजा) यज्ञ में (हिन्वतीः) प्रेरणा करते हैं॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - उपासक लोग बुद्धिवृत्तियों द्वारा परमात्मा का साक्षात्कार करते हैं। वा यों कहो कि यम-नियम आदि सात अङ्गों द्वारा समाधि की सिद्धि करते हैं। अर्थात् समाधि साध्य पदार्थ है और सात उसके साधन हैं॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (विप्रम्) सर्वज्ञं (त्वा) भवन्तं (सप्तजामयः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियाणां सप्त छिद्राणि (धीभिः) बुद्ध्या (समु) सम्यक् (अस्वरन्) शब्दायमानानि (विवस्वतः) यज्ञकर्तुः (आजा) यज्ञे (हिन्वतीः) प्रेरयन्ति ॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

मृज᳓न्ति त्वा स᳓म् अग्रु᳓वो
अ᳓व्ये जीरा᳓व् अ᳓धि ष्व᳓णि
रेभो᳓ य᳓द् अज्य᳓से व᳓ने

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
agrúvaḥ ← agrū́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

mr̥jánti ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sám ← sám (invariable)

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

ávye ← ávya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

jīraú ← jīrí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sváni ← sváni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

ajyáse ← √añj- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

rebháḥ ← rebhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

váne ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

मृ॒जन्ति॑ । त्वा॒ । सम् । अ॒ग्रुवः॑ । अव्ये॑ । जी॒रौ । अधि॑ । स्वनि॑ ।
रे॒भः । यत् । अ॒ज्यसे॑ । वने॑ ॥

• mṛjanti ← mṛj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• agruvo ← agruvaḥ ← agrū
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “unmarried woman; spinster; virgin.”

• ‘vye ← avye ← avya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

• jīrāv ← jīrau ← jīri
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “river.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• ṣvaṇi ← svani ← svan
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

• rebho ← rebhaḥ ← rebha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bard; eulogist.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• ajyase ← añj
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “smear; anoint; mix; color.”

• vane ← vana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

हे सोम अग्रुवः । अङ्गुलिनामैतत् । अजन्ति प्रक्षिपन्ति हवींष्यग्नाविति । यद्वा अगेर्गत्यर्थस्य । कर्मकरणार्थमितस्ततो गच्छन्तीति । अग्रुवोऽङ्गुलयोऽस्मदीयाः जीरौ पापानामभिभावुके क्षिप्रं कृते वा स्वनि अधि अधिकं शब्दायमाने अव्ये अविवालेन कृते पवित्रे त्वा त्वां तदा सं मृजन्ति सम्यक् शोधयन्ति । यत् यदा रेभः । ‘ रेभृ शब्दे । उदकमध्ये प्रक्षेपेण शब्दायमानस्त्वं वने वननीये वसतीवर्याख्य उदके अज्यसे अक्तः सिक्तो भवसि । तदा मृजन्तीत्यन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“The fingers cleanse you in the quickly made loud-sounding (woollen) filter, when with a noise you are sprinkled with the water.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

In the quickly-made filter: Or, in the filter which overcomes guilt

They groom you together, the unwed ones, on the sheep’s *back, in the lively (water),
when, hoarse-voiced [/creaking], you are anointed [/greased] in the wood(en cup).

Since they are grooming (√mṛj) him, the ‘unwed ones’ (agrúvaḥ) are probably here the fingers, continuing the fem. pl. agent but modulating from streams to fingers (whose number is not specified here).

In b the phrase ádhi ṣváṇi is problematic. It is generally taken as a root noun loc. to √svan ‘sound’: Grassmann, apparently Geldner (see his n. 9b and his locatival tr. “unter Gebrause”), apparently Renou (but see his hesitations in his n.), Schindler (Rt. Noun p. 51, but see below), Ober (II.73)—though Lubotsky lists it under a stem sváni-, so presumably interpr. it as a nom./acc. sg. neut. Schindler’s disc. suggests a slight variation on the root noun interpr., with the possibility that it is used here as an adj. ‘rauschend’ modifying jīráu, as Grassmann takes it.

In that case the independent sván- was extracted from the compd tuvi-ṣváṇ- ‘powerfully sounding’, an interpr. that seems over-elaborate.

Whether as root noun or an -i-stem, our form is equated with sváni in the similar pāda-final phrase ánu ṣváṇi in VI.46.14. However, I have demonstrated that sváni in that phrase must be a verb form, a 3rd sg. passive aor., as Oldenberg suggests. See comm. ad loc. Scarlatta, in a detailed disc. of the two sváni forms (676-77), suggests that our phrase, too, might contain a verb form. By his analysis pāda b is an (unsignalled) dependent cl., parallel to the yád clause of c, and so the accent on 3rd sg. sváni would be correct for a finite verb. He tr.

“es putzen dich …, während es über der Wollseihe, unter dem fliessenden Wasser raschelt [und] während du … gesalbt wirst.” This is clever, but I am disturbed by marking only one

• and only the second - subordinate clause overtly. Moreover, this interpr. also must assume that there is a gapped subject to sváni or that it is used impersonally (both possibilities floated by Scarlatta). None of this is impossible, but the required assumptions and syntactic twists pile up.

I am drawn rather to an old suggestion of Aufrecht’s, endorsed by Oldenberg (but rejected explicitly by Schindler and Scarlatta) that ádhi ṣváṇi rests on ádhi *ṣṇávi “on (the sheep’s) back.” Because of the morphological difficulties (the nonexistence of a loc. *snávi to begin with), I would not posit Aufrecht’s intermediate form, but simply assume a reduction and metathetic scrambling of sā́navi, which occurs several times in the pāda-final phrase ádhi sā́navi (VI.48.5, IX.31.5, 37.4, 63.27); ádhi is the standard post- (/pre-)position in this expression; cf. also ádhi sā́no avyáye IX.86.3, 91.1, 96.13, 97.40 and numerous variants.

The presence of ávye at the beg. of the pāda would set the audience’s expectation for “on the back of the sheep.” The presence of the “noise” root √svar in the preceding vs. (8a asvaran) may have facilitated the metathesis, to produce a form appearing to belong to the phonologically and semantically similar root √svan, reinforced by rebhá- in the flg. pāda.

In c I take rebháḥ … ajyáse as a pun, dependent on the literal sense of √ribh, which, rather than being ‘sing’ as it generally is glossed, is really ‘creak, rasp’. See comm. ad VI.3.6. Here Soma is as usual ‘anointed’ (ajyase) with milk, and in that regard he is identified as a rebhá-, a ritual officiant with a particular voice quality. But as disc. ad VI.3.6, in a TS passage √ribh is used for a squeaky wheel, and of course the way to fix such a wheel is to “grease” it (√añj). So the unmarked comparison here is “(as) a squeaky (wheel) is greased.”

The virgins deck thee o’er fresh streams to drive thee to the sieve when thou,
A singer, bathest in the wood.

Es putzen dich gemeinsam die Jungfrauen in der Wollseihe im fließenden Wasser unter Gebrause, wenn du, der Barde, in der Holzkufe gesalbt wirst.

Es reinigt dich der Jungfraun Schar im Strom, der durch die Wolle rauscht, Wenn man ins Holz dich Sänger führt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे जगदीश ! (रेभः) शब्दगम्य (अव्ये) पालक (अधिष्वणि) शब्दगम्य (जीरौ) शत्रुनाशक (वने) भजनीय (त्वा) आपको (अग्रुवः) कर्मयोगी जन (यत्) जब (सम्मृजन्ति) ध्यानविषय करते हैं, तब आप (अज्यसे) उनके साक्षात्कार के विषय होते हैं॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में सर्वरक्षक परमात्मा के साक्षात्कार का वर्णन किया गया है कि कर्मयोगी लोग अपने कर्मण्यतायोग से परमात्मपरायण होकर परमात्मा का साक्षात्कार करते हैं ॥९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (रेभः) शब्दगम्यं (अव्ये) पालकं (अधिष्वणि) शब्दगमनीयं (जीरौ) शत्रुघातकं (वने) भजनीयं (त्वा) भवन्तं (अग्रुवः) कर्मयोगिनः (यत्) यदा (सम्मृजन्ति) ध्यानविषयं कुर्वन्ति, तदा (अज्यसे) त्वं तेषां साक्षात्कृतो भवसि॥९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमानस्य ते कवे
वा᳓जिन् स᳓र्गा असृक्षत
अ᳓र्वन्तो न᳓ श्रवस्य᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
kave ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pávamānasya ← √pū- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

asr̥kṣata ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

sárgāḥ ← sárga- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vā́jin ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

árvantaḥ ← árvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śravasyávaḥ ← śravasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

पव॑मानस्य । ते॒ । क॒वे॒ । वाजि॑न् । सर्गाः॑ । अ॒सृ॒क्ष॒त॒ ।
अर्व॑न्तः । न । श्र॒व॒स्यवः॑ ॥

• pavamānasya ← pū
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• kave ← kavi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• vājin
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”

• sargā ← sargāḥ ← sarga
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Creation; metempsychosis; discharge; torrent; birth; undertaking.”

• asṛkṣata ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• arvanto ← arvantaḥ ← arvant
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• śravasyavaḥ ← śravasyu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “celebrated.”

मार्जनप्रसङ्गमाह । हे कवे क्रान्तप्रज्ञ हे वाजिन् अन्नवन् सोम पवमानस्य दशापवित्रेण पूयमानस्य ते तव सर्गाः । सृज्यन्त इति सर्गा धाराः । कीदृशाः । श्रवस्यवः । छन्दसि परेच्छायां क्यच् । यष्टॄणामन्नं कामयमानास्त्वदीया धाराः असृक्षत सृजन्ति । निर्गच्छन्तीत्यर्थः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । अर्वन्तो न । यथाश्वा मन्दुरातो निर्गच्छन्ति तद्वत् पवित्रान्निःसरन्तीत्यर्थः । प्रयोगापेक्षं चात्र धाराबाहुल्यम् ॥ ॥ ८ ॥

English translation:

“Sage Soma, possessor of food, your food-desiring streams when you are filtered are let loose like horses.”

Of you purifying yourself, o poet and prizewinner, the surges have surged, like chargers seeking fame.

Soma’s acquisition of “imperishable fame” in 7c is anticipated, as it were, by his streams, likened to horses, “seeking fame” (śravasyávaḥ).

The streams of Pavamana, thine, Sage, Mighty One, have pouredthem forth.
Like coursers eager for renown.

Du siegreicher Seher, deine Ströme wurden losgelassen wie ehrgeizige Rennpferde, während du dich läuterst.

O Weiser, deine Ströme sind ergossen, rascher, flammender! Wie Renner strebend nach dem Preis,

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कवे) हे सर्वज्ञ ! (वाजिन्) हे सर्वशक्तिमान् परमात्मन् ! (पवमानस्य) सबको पवित्र करनेवाले (ते) आपकी (सर्गाः) अनन्त प्रकार की सृष्टियाँ इस प्रकार (असृक्षत) उत्पन्न होती हैं, (न) जैसे कि (अर्वन्तः) विद्युत् शक्तियाँ अनेक प्रकार से (श्रवस्यवः) प्रवाहित होती हैं ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा को निमित्तकारण वर्णन किया है कि परमात्मा इस सृष्टि का निमित्त कारण है। उपादानकारण प्रकृति है और निमित्तकारण परमात्मा है। इसी से यहाँ विद्युत् का दृष्टान्त दिया गया है ॥१०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कवे) हे सर्वज्ञ ! (वाजिन्) सर्वशक्तिसम्पन्न जगदीश्वर ! (पवमानस्य) सर्वपवित्रयितः (ते) भवतः (सर्गाः) बहुविधाः सृष्टय एवम् (असृक्षत) उत्पद्यन्ते (न) यथा (अर्वन्तः) विद्युच्छक्तयोऽनेकधा (श्रवस्यवः) प्रवहन्ति ॥१०॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓छा को᳓शम् मधुश्चु᳓तम्
अ᳓सृग्रं वा᳓रे अव्य᳓ये
अ᳓वावशन्त धीत᳓यः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ácha ← ácha (invariable)

kóśam ← kóśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

madhuścútam ← madhuścút- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ásr̥gram ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

avyáye ← avyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vā́re ← vā́ra- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ávāvaśanta ← √vāś- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PLUPRF, voice:MED}

dhītáyaḥ ← dhītí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

अच्छ॑ । कोश॑म् । म॒धु॒ऽश्चुत॑म् । असृ॑ग्रम् । वारे॑ । अ॒व्यये॑ ।
अवा॑वशन्त । धी॒तयः॑ ॥

• acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

• kośam ← kośa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “treasury; sheath; Kośa; scrotum; bud; vessel; kośa [word]; treasure; calyx; container; bucket; box.”

• madhuścutam ← madhuścut
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• asṛgraṃ ← asṛgram ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• vāre ← vāra
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “strainer.”

• avyaye ← avyaya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sheep.”

• avāvaśanta ← vāś
• [verb], plural, Plusquamperfect
• “bellow; howl; sing; moo; shout.”

• dhītayaḥ ← dhīti
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “thinking; prayer; understanding.”

धारानिर्गमनप्रसङ्गादभिधीयते । मधुश्चुतं मधुररसस्य च्यावयितारं क्षारयितारं कोशं द्रोणकलशम् अच्छ अभिलक्ष्य अव्यये अविमये अविस्वभूते वा वारे वाले दशापवित्रे असृग्रं सोमा ऋत्विग्भिः सृज्यन्ते । सृजेः कर्मणि तिङां तिङो भवन्ति’ इति झो रमादेशः। किंच धीतयः । अङ्गुलिनामैतत् । धयन्ति पिबन्त्याभिरिति । अस्मदीया अङ्गुलयः अवावशन्त तान् सोमान् पुनःपुनर्मार्जनार्थं कामयन्ते ॥

English translation:

“They are let loose in the woollen filter (to go) towards the honey-dropping vessel; our fingers have desired them.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I.e., our fingers desire the Soma juices in order to cleanse them again and again

Toward the cask dripping with honey they have surged onto the sheep’s fleece.
The insightful thoughts have bellowed. ᳓

They have been poured upon the fleece towards the meath-distilling vat:
The holy songs have sounded forth.

Nach der von Süßigkeit überfließenden Kufe sind sie auf das Schafhaar losgelassen. Laut haben die Gebete geschrieen.

Ergossen durch des Widders Haar zur honigreichen Kufe hin, Und die Gebete schollen laut.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

यहाँ सर्वाधिकरणत्व से परमात्मा की स्तुति करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जिस परमात्मा ने इस संसार को (अच्छ) निर्मल और (कोशम्) सर्वनिधान तथा (मधुश्चुतम्) आनन्ददायक (असृग्रम्) रचा है, उसी (अव्यये) अविनाशी तथा (वारे) वरणीय परमात्मा में (धीतयः) सृष्टियाँ (अवावशन्त) निवास करती हैं॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा ही एकमात्र सर्व लोक-लोकान्तरों का अधिकरण है ॥११॥

अथ सर्वाधिकरणत्वेन परमात्मा स्तूयते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - येन परमात्मना (अच्छ) निर्मलं (कोशम्) सर्वनिधानं तथा (मधुश्चुतम्) आनन्ददायकं जगदिदं (असृग्रम्) रचितमस्ति तस्मिन् (अव्यये) अविनाशिनि (वारे) वरणीये परमात्मनि (धीतयः) सृष्टयः (अवावशन्त) निवसन्ति ॥११॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓छा समुद्र᳓म् इ᳓न्दवो
अ᳓स्तं गा᳓वो न᳓ धेन᳓वः
अ᳓ग्मन्न् ऋत᳓स्य यो᳓निम् आ᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ácha ← ácha (invariable)

índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

samudrám ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ástam ← ásta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

dhenávaḥ ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ágman ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अच्छ॑ । स॒मु॒द्रम् । इन्द॑वः । अस्त॑म् । गावः॑ । न । धे॒नवः॑ ।
अग्म॑न् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । योनि॑म् । आ ॥

• acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

• samudram ← samudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• indavo ← indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• ‘staṃ ← astam ← asta
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “set; Asta.”

• gāvo ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dhenavaḥ ← dhenu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

• agmann ← agman ← gam
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

इन्दवः क्षरन्तः सोमाः समुद्रं सोमानामेकत्रैव संगमनस्थानं द्रोणकलशम् अच्छ अभि गच्छन्ति । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । धेनवः पयःप्रदानेन जनानां प्रीणयित्र्यो नवप्रसूतिकाः गावः अस्तं गृहं यथाभिगच्छन्ति तद्वत् । किंच ते सोमाः ऋतस्य सत्यभूतस्य यज्ञस्य योनिं स्थानम् आ अग्मन् आभिमुख्येन गच्छन्ति । गमेर्लुङि सिचो लुक्युपधालोपः ॥

English translation:

“The Soma-juices go to the ocean, as kine to their stall; they go the plural ce of sacrifice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

To the ocean: the wooden vessel in which the Soma is collected

Toward the sea have the drops gone, like milk-cows toward home, to the womb of truth. ᳓

Like milch-kine coming home, the drops of Soma juice have reached the lake,
Have reached the place of sacrifice.

Zum Meere sind die Säfte gekommen wie die Milchkühe nach Hause, zu ihrem ordnungsgemäßen Platz.

Die Indu’s sind zum Meere hin wie Kühe heimwärts in den Stall, Gelaufen in des Opfers Schooss.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (धेनवो न) जैसे वेदवाणियाँ (अस्तम्) स्थानरूप (समुद्रम्) जिससे शब्द उत्पन्न होते हैं, ऐसे (अच्छ) निर्मल परमेश्वर को (आग्मन्) भली-भाँति प्राप्त होती हैं, उसी प्रकार (इन्दवः) प्रकाश करनेवाली (गावः) सत्कर्मियों कि इन्द्रियवृत्तियाँ (ऋतस्य योनिम्) सत्यस्थान परमात्मा को भली-भाँति प्राप्त होती हैं॥१२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र से यह सिद्ध किया है कि परमात्मा एकमात्र शब्दगम्य है। अर्थात् सर्वज्ञ परमात्मा की वेदवाणी ही उसको विषय करती हैं। अन्य प्रमाणों का विषय सुगमता से परमात्मा नहीं होता ॥१२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (धेनवो न) यथा वेदवाण्यः (अस्तम्)स्थानरूपं (समुद्रम्) येन शब्दा उत्पद्यन्ते एतादृशं (अच्छ) विमलं परमेश्वरं (आग्मन्) सुतरां प्राप्नुवन्ति। तथा (इन्दवः) प्रकाशिन्यः (गावः) सत्कर्मिणामिन्द्रियवृत्तयः (ऋतस्य योनिम्) सत्यस्थानं परमेश्वरं सुखेन प्राप्नुवन्ति ॥१२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓ ण इन्दो महे᳓ र᳓ण
आ᳓पो अर्षन्ति सि᳓न्धवः
य᳓द् गो᳓भिर् वासयिष्य᳓से

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahé ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)

ráṇe ← rán- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

arṣanti ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

góbhiḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

vāsayiṣyáse ← √vas- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:FUT, voice:MED}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

प्र । नः॒ । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । म॒हे । रणे॑ । आपः॑ । अ॒र्ष॒न्ति॒ । सिन्ध॑वः ।
यत् । गोभिः॑ । वा॒स॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• ṇa ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• raṇa ← raṇe ← ran
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine

• āpo ← āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• arṣanti ← ṛṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “run.”

• sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• gobhir ← gobhiḥ ← go
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• vāsayiṣyase ← vāsay ← √vas
• [verb], singular, Future
• “dress.”

हे इन्दो क्षरन् सोम नः अस्माकं स्वभूताय रणे रणाय । रणन्ति स्तुवन्ति देवानत्रेति रणो यज्ञः । अधिकरणे अप् । ङेर्यः’ (पा. सू. ७.१.१३) इति न भवति सर्वविधीनां छन्दसि विकल्पितत्वात् । महे महते रणाय यज्ञाय तदर्थं सिन्धवः स्यन्दमानाः आपः वसतीवर्याख्याः सोमसेकार्थं तदा अर्षन्ति प्रगच्छन्ति । यत् यदा त्वं गोभिः गव्यैर्दधिक्षीरादिभिः वासयिष्यसे आच्छाद्यसे मिश्रितो भवसि तदापो गच्छन्तीति ॥

English translation:

“Indu, the flowing waters hasten to our great sacrifices when you are mixed with the curds and milk.”

For our great joy the waters, the rivers rush forth, o drop,
when you will clothe yourself with cows.

On pādas bc and esp. the remarkable causative future reflexive form vāsayiṣyase ‘you will cause yourself to be clothed’, see disc. in the comm. to the parallel passage IX.2.4.

O Indu, to our great delight the running waters flow to us,
When thou wilt robe thyself in milk.

O Saft, uns zu großer Freude fließen die Flußwasser hervor, wenn du in Kuhmilch gehüllt werden sollst.

Es eilt voran der Ströme Flut, o Indu, uns zu hoher Lust, Wenn du mit Milch dich kleiden willst.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे प्रकाशरूप परमात्मन् ! (नः) हमारे (महे रणे) ज्ञानरूप यज्ञ के लिए आपने (गोभिः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियों द्वारा हमारे शरीर का (वासयिष्यसे) निर्माण किया है और (यत्) जब (सिन्धवः) स्यन्दनशील कर्मेन्द्रियाँ (आपः) कर्मों को (प्रार्षन्ति) प्राप्त होती हैं, तब हमारे इस बृहत् यज्ञ की पूर्ति होती है॥१३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा ने ज्ञान और कर्म का समुच्चय कथन किया है कि जब ज्ञान और कर्म दोनों मिलते हैं, तब ही यज्ञ की पूर्ति होती है, अन्यथा नहीं ॥१३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे प्रकाशरूप परमात्मन् ! (नः) अस्माकं (महे रणे) ज्ञानयज्ञाय त्वया (गोभिः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियैरस्मच्छरीरं (वासयिष्यसे) निर्मितम्। अथ च (यत्) यदा (सिन्धवः) स्यन्दनशीलकर्मेन्द्रियाणि (आपः) कर्माणि (प्रार्षन्ति) प्राप्नुवन्ति, तदैव यज्ञपूर्तिर्भवति ॥१३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓स्य ते सखिये᳓ वय᳓म्
इ᳓यक्षन्तस् तुवो᳓तयः
इ᳓न्दो सखित्व᳓म् उश्मसि

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ásya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

sakhyé ← sakhyá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

íyakṣantaḥ ← √naś- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

tvótayaḥ ← tvóti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sakhitvám ← sakhitvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

uśmasi ← √vaś- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

अस्य॑ । ते॒ । स॒ख्ये । व॒यम् । इय॑क्षन्तः । त्वाऽऊ॑तयः ।
इन्दो॒ इति॑ । स॒खि॒ऽत्वम् । उ॒श्म॒सि॒ ॥

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• sakhye ← sakhya
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “friendship; aid; company.”

• vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• iyakṣantas ← iyakṣantaḥ ← iyakṣ ← √yaj
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “endeavor.”

• tvotayaḥ ← tvoti
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• sakhitvam ← sakhi
• [noun], masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• sakhitvam ← tvam ← tva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “state; quality; cause; reason.”

• uśmasi ← vaś
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

हे इन्दो पवमान इयक्षन्तः यष्टुमिच्छन्तः पूजयितुमिच्छन्तो वा अस्य प्रसिद्धस्य ते तव सख्ये सखिकर्मणि स्थिताः वयं त्वोतयः त्वदायत्तरक्षणाः सन्तः सखित्वं सखिभावमेव उश्मसि उश्मः कामयामहे ॥

English translation:

“Indu, we abiding in your friendship, desiring to sacrifice, depending on your protection, desire your friendship.”

Since we are likely to gain in comradeship with you, with you as our help,
we long for comradeship, o drop.

It is difficult to render the vs.-initial ásya te lit. “of this here you”; the demon.

essentially exists as a prop for the enclitic te and a way to emphasize the 2nd ps. pronoun.

I do not know what the difference is between sakhyá- and sakhitvá-, or if any difference is meant. The former is far better attested and has a fuller paradigm, well distributed across cases and numbers (sg. and pl.); the latter is almost confined to the nom./acc. sg. (with 2 occurrences of the loc. sg.). In any case the vs. comes out a little flat: we want your comradeship because it will benefit us. The poet may have been trying to distract attention from this flatness by varying the derivational realization. It’s also worth noting that pāda a is also found in IX.61.29 without sakhitvá- in context and pāda c is found in IX.31.6 without sakhyá- in context.

In his endearingly crusty way, Bloomfield (Rig-Veda Repetitions ad IX.31.6) pronounces our vs. “arrant nonsense”: “pādas a and c, borrowed from good quarters, show that the stanza is irresponsible patchwork.” This seems rather harsh, but probably results in part from his interpr. of íyakṣantaḥ as the desid. of √yaj, rather than the now generally accepted derivation from √(n)aś; see comm. ad VI.21.3. Attributing it to √yaj produces a participial phrase in b that has nothing to do with sakhyé in a: “In thy friendship we, sacrificing with thy help, do we, O Indu, thy friendship crave” (Bloomfield’s tr., which justifies his “arrant nonsense” judgment). Whereas a connection with √(n)aś sets out the reason we want your comradeship—we stand to gain from it—and makes ab a unified expression.

In this thy friendship, and with thee to help us, fain to sacrifice,
Indu, we crave thy friendly love.

Da wir in deiner Freundschaft mit deiner Hilfe etwas erreichen möchten, so wünschen wir deine Freundschaft, o Saft.

Drum wünschen deine Freundschaft wir verlangend, Indu, unterstützt Von dir in deiner Brüderschaft.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) प्रकाशरूपपरमेश्वर ! (अस्य ते सख्ये) पूर्वोक्त गुणविशिष्ट आपके मैत्री भाव में (वयम्) हम लोग (इयक्षन्तः) आपका यजन करते हैं। (त्वोतयः) आपसे सुरक्षित हुए हम लोग आपकी (सखित्वम्) मित्रता को (उश्मसि) चाहते हैं॥१४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के साक्षात्कार से जब मनुष्य अत्यन्त सन्निहित हो जाता है, तब ब्रह्म के सत्यादि गुणों के धारण करने से उसमें ब्रह्मसाम्य हो जाता है। उसी का नाम ब्रह्ममैत्री है। इसी भाव का कथन इस मन्त्र में किया है कि हे परमात्मन् ! हम तुम्हारे मैत्रीभाव को प्राप्त हों॥१४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) प्रकाशरूपपरमेश्वर ! (अस्य ते सख्ये) प्रागुक्तगुणविशिष्टस्य भवतो मित्रतायां (वयम्) वयं जनाः (इयक्षन्तः) तव यजनं कुर्मः (त्वोतयः) भवता सुरक्षिता वयं तव (सखित्वम्) मित्रत्वं (उश्मसि) वाञ्छामः ॥१४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ पवस्व ग᳓विष्टये
महे᳓ सोम नृच᳓क्षसे
ए᳓न्द्रस्य जठ᳓रे विश

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

gáviṣṭaye ← gáviṣṭi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

nr̥cákṣase ← nr̥cákṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

jaṭháre ← jaṭhára- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

viśa ← √viś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

आ । प॒व॒स्व॒ । गोऽइ॑ष्टये । म॒हे । सो॒म॒ । नृ॒ऽचक्ष॑से ।
आ । इन्द्र॑स्य । ज॒ठरे॑ । वि॒श॒ ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• gaviṣṭaye ← gaviṣṭi
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “foray.”

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• nṛcakṣase ← nṛ
• [noun], masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• nṛcakṣase ← cakṣase ← cakṣas
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “eye; look; radiance.”

• endrasya ← ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• endrasya ← indrasya ← indra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• jaṭhare ← jaṭhara
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “abdomen; udara; Jaṭhara; edema; garbha; inside; stomach; belly.”

• viśa ← viś
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”

हे सोम पवमान गविष्टये अङ्गिरसां गवामन्वेष्ट्रे महे महते नृचक्षसे नॄणां मनुष्याणां द्रष्रेमा कर्मनेतॄणां फलं पश्यते वा इन्द्राय आ पवस्व पात्रेषु दशापवित्रेण पूतो भव । ततः इन्द्रस्य जठरे उदर उदरभूते द्रोणकलशे वा आ विश प्रविश ॥ ॥ ९ ॥

English translation:

“Flow, Soma, for the mighty cattle-seeker, the beholder of men, enter Indra’s belly.”

Purify yourself for the quest for cattle, for the great one of manly eye, o Soma.
Enter here into the belly of Indra.

The usually idiomatic ā́pavasva lacks the usual acc. object (“bring [X] by purifying yourself”). Perhaps the ā́anticipates the ā́in c, in the idiom ā́… viśa ‘enter’.

The question in b are whether the two datives mahé … nṛcákṣase belong together and what the referent(s) is/are. Geldner takes them together and identifies the referent as Indra, who appears by name in the next pāda, which would support Geldner’s solution. However, as Renou points out, nṛcákṣas- is never used of Indra, but generally of Agni or Soma. Renou himself separates the datives, supplying ráṇe with mahé from the beginning of the tṛca (13a) and identifying the referent of nṛcákṣase as “le dieu Soma.” Although the first choice seems possible and even reasonable, the second is awkward: it seems odd to order Soma to purify himself for himself, even if the addressee is the substance soma (which shouldn’t actually have such agency) as distinct from the god. Given that the next tṛca but one (vss. 19-21) is addressed to Agni, that god seems a more likely choice. Renou’s motivation in separating the two datives in b seems to be to wring the three functions out of the vs. (or, I gather, ab), but I don’t see how they would match up. In any case, a modified tr. à la Renou, without reference to the three functions, is conceivable: “… for the quest for cattle, for great (joy), for the one of manly eye [=Agni].”

Flow on, O Soma, for the great Viewer of men, for gain of Idne
Enter thou into Indra’s throat.

Läutere dich zur Rindererbeutung für den Großen mit dem Herrscherauge, o Soma! Geh ein in Indra´s Bauch!

Ström’, Soma, dem begierigen, dem grossen, Männer schauenden, Und dringe ein in Indra’s Bauch.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! आप (आपवस्व) हमको सब ओर से पवित्र करें (महे) बड़े (नृचक्षसे) ज्ञानकी वृद्धि के लिए और (गविष्टये) इन्द्रियों की शुद्धि के लिए और (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगी के (जठरे) जठराग्नि में (आविश) प्रवेश करें॥१५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करता है कि मैं कर्मयोगी तथा ज्ञानयोगियों के हृदय में अवश्यमेव निवास करता हूँ। यद्यपि परमात्मा सर्वत्र है, तथापि परमात्मा की अभिव्यक्ति जैसी ज्ञानयोगी तथा कर्मयोगी के हृदय में होती है, वैसी अन्यत्र नहीं होती। इसी अभिप्राय से यहाँ कर्मयोगी के हृदय में विराजमान होना लिखा गया है और “वैश्वानरस्तद्धर्मव्यपदेशात्” इस सूत्र में परमात्मा को “वैश्वानर”अग्निरूप से कथन कियागया है॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) जगदीश्वर ! त्वं (आपवस्व) मां परितः पवित्रय (महे) महत्यै (नृचक्षसे) ज्ञानवृद्ध्यै तथा (गविष्टये) इन्द्रियशुद्ध्यै (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगिनः (जठरे) जठराग्नौ (आविश) प्रविश ॥१५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

महाँ᳓ असि सोम ज्ये᳓ष्ठ
उग्रा᳓णाम् इन्द ओ᳓जिष्ठः
यु᳓ध्वा स᳓ञ् छ᳓श्वज् जिगेथ

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jyéṣṭhaḥ ← jyéṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mahā́n ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ójiṣṭhaḥ ← ójiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ugrā́ṇām ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

jigetha ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

sán ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śáśvat ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yúdhvā ← yúdhvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

म॒हान् । अ॒सि॒ । सो॒म॒ । ज्येष्ठः॑ । उ॒ग्राणा॑म् । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । ओजि॑ष्ठः ।
युध्वा॑ । सन् । शश्व॑त् । जि॒गे॒थ॒ ॥

• mahāṃ ← mahat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• jyeṣṭha ← jyeṣṭhaḥ ← jyeṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

• ugrāṇām ← ugra
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

• inda ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• ojiṣṭhaḥ ← ojiṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “powerful.”

• yudhvā ← yudhvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “warlike; soldierly.”

• sañchaśvaj ← san ← as
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• sañchaśvaj ← śaśvat
• [adverb]
• “always; repeatedly; continually; wholly.”

• jigetha ← ji
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

हे सोम त्वं महान् असि यतस्त्वं देवानां प्रीणयितासि खलु। त्वं ज्येष्ठः प्रशस्यतमो भवसि । किंच हे इन्दो पवमान त्वम् उग्राणाम् उद्गूर्णबलानामपि ओजिष्ठः ओजस्वितमो भवसि । त्वं युध्वा सन् शत्रुभिः सह युद्धं कुर्वन्नेव शश्वत् सर्वदा जिगेथ तांस्तेषां धनानि च जितवानसि ।’ जि जये’। थलि ‘ सन्लिटोर्जेः’ इत्यभ्यासादुत्तरस्य कवर्गादेशः ॥

English translation:

“Soma, you are great, most worthy to be praised; Indu, (you are) the most vigorous of the mighty; engaged in battle you ever triumph.”

Great are you, Soma, preeminent, strongest of the strong, o drop. Being a battler, you win every time.

As Renou points out, sán here is non-concessive. Instead it seems to have a function rather like the one I identified in III.30.5 (see comm. ad loc.), namely a definitional one: where, on the basis of the description of the god’s activities or qualities, he is assigned an agentive title.

Best art thou, Soma, of the great, Strongest of strong ones, Indu: thou
As Warrior ever hast prevailed.

Groß bist du, Soma, der Oberste, o Saft, der Gewaltigen Gewaltigster. Als Streiter hast du jedesmal gesiegt.

Gross bist, Soma, du, der beste, Indu, und der starken stärkster, Stets bist Sieger du im Kampfe.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! आप (महानसि) बड़े हैं और (उग्राणाम्) तेजस्वियों में (ज्येष्ठः) बड़े हैं। (इन्दो) हे सर्वप्रकाशक परमात्मन् ! आप (ओजिष्ठः) सर्वोपरि ओजस्वी हैं और आप (युध्वा सन्) अपने से प्रतिकूल शक्तियों से युद्ध करते हुए (शश्वत्) निरन्तर (जिगेथ) जीतते हैं॥१६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सूर्य-चन्द्रमादिकों की रचना करता हुआ अर्थात् उत्पत्तिसमय में विनाशरूपी सब विरोधी शक्तियों को जीतता है। इस प्रकार परमात्मा सर्वविजयी कथन किया गया है, किसी युद्धविशेष के अभिप्राय से नहीं ॥१६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) जगदुत्पादकपरमेश्वर ! त्वं (महानसि) श्रेष्ठोऽसि। तथा (उग्राणाम्) तेजस्विनां मध्ये (ज्येष्ठः) प्रशस्योऽसि (इन्दो) सर्वप्रकाशकपरमात्मन् ! त्वं (ओजिष्ठः) सर्वोपरि बलवानसि ! अथ च (युध्वा सन्) स्वतः प्रतिकूलशक्तिभिर्युध्यन् (शश्वत्) निरन्तरं (जिगेथ) जयसि ॥१६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

य᳓ उग्रे᳓भ्यश् चिद् ओ᳓जीयाञ्
छू᳓रेभ्यश् चिच् छू᳓रतरः
भूरिदा᳓भ्यश् चिन् मं᳓हीयान्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
cit ← cit (invariable)

ójīyān ← ójīyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ugrébhyaḥ ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:PL}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

śū́rataraḥ ← śū́ratara- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śū́rebhyaḥ ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:PL}

bhūridā́bhyaḥ ← bhūridā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:PL}

cit ← cit (invariable)

máṁhīyān ← máṁhīyaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

यः । उ॒ग्रेभ्यः॑ । चि॒त् । ओजी॑यान् । शूरे॑भ्यः । चि॒त् । शूर॑ऽतरः ।
भू॒रि॒ऽदाभ्यः॑ । चि॒त् । मंही॑यान् ॥

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ugrebhyaś ← ugrebhyaḥ ← ugra
• [noun], ablative, plural, masculine
• “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• ojīyāñchūrebhyaś ← ojīyān ← ojīyas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “stronger.”

• ojīyāñchūrebhyaś ← śūrebhyaḥ ← śūra
• [noun], ablative, plural, masculine
• “brave; powerful.”

• cicchūrataraḥ ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• cicchūrataraḥ ← śūrataraḥ ← śūratara
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• bhūridābhyaś ← bhūri
• [noun]
• “much; many; much(a); abundant; rich; mighty; distinguished.”

• bhūridābhyaś ← dābhyaḥ ← dā
• [noun], ablative, plural, masculine
• “giving.”

• cin ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• maṃhīyān ← maṃhīyas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

यः सोमः उग्रेभ्यश्चित् उद्गूर्णेभ्यो बलवद्भ्योऽपि ओजीयान् ओजस्वितमः । किंच यः शूरेभ्यश्चित् वीरेभ्योऽपि शूरतरः अत्यन्तसमर्थो भवति । तथा यः सोमः भूरिदाभ्यः। ‘डुदाञ् दाने’ ।’ आतो मनिन्” इति विच् । बहुधनानां दातृभ्योऽपि मंहीयान् दातृतमो भवति । तं त्वां वृणीमह इत्युत्तरेण संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“(You) who (are) mightier than the mighty, braver than the brave, more genitive rous than the genitive rous.”

(You,) who are stronger even than the strong, more a champion even than champions,
more generous even than those who give much,

This vs. expands on the etymological figure and superlative phrase in 16b, ugrā́ṇām … ójiṣṭhaḥ, but with three pairs of comparatives, beginning with the ugrébhyaḥ … ójīyān, lexically identical to the splv. phrase but morphologically different. The second is also an etym. figure, of less interest than the first because it lacks morphological variation: śū́rebhyaḥ … śū́rataraḥ. While the third substitutes a synonymic cmpd. for the abl. term: bhūridā́bhyaḥ … máṃhīyān “more generous than those who give much.” A low-key but pleasing set of variations on a phrasal theme.

Mightier even than the strong, more valiant even than the brave,
More libpral than the bountiful,

Der gewaltiger noch als die Gewaltigen, tapferer noch als die Tapferen, freigebiger noch als die Vielschenker ist.

Der du stärker bist als starke, heldenmüth’ger auch als Helden, Mehr verleihst als gabenreiche,

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो परमात्मा (शूरेभ्यः) शूरवीरों से (शूरतरः) अत्यन्त शूरवीर है (चित्) और (भूरिदाभ्यः) अत्यन्त दानशीलों से (मंहीयान्) अत्यन्त दानशील है (चित्) और (उग्रेभ्यः) जो अत्यन्त बलवाले हैं, उनसे (ओजीयान्) अत्यन्त बलवाला है, ऐसे परमात्मा की हम उपासना करते हैं ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में यह वर्णन किया है कि परमात्मा अजर अमर तथा अविनाशी है। जैसा कि “तेजोऽसि तेजो मयि धेहि।वीर्यमसि वीर्यं मयि धेहि।बलमसि बलं मयि धेहि” इत्यादि मन्त्रों में परमात्मा को बलस्वरूप कथन किया गया है। इसी प्रकार इस मन्त्र में भी परमात्मा को बलस्वरूपवाला कथन किया गया है ॥१७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) यः परमेश्वरः (शूरेभ्यः) वीरेभ्यः (शूरतरः) ततोऽप्यधिकवीरोऽस्ति (चित्) अथ च (भूरिदाभ्यः) दानवीरेषु (मंहीयान्) दानवीरतरोऽस्ति (चित्) अथ च (उग्रेभ्यः) महाबलेषु (ओजीयान्) बलिष्ठः एवम्भूतं त्वां वयमुपास्महे ॥१७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

तुवं᳓ सोम सू᳓र ए᳓षस्
तोक᳓स्य साता᳓ तनू᳓नाम्
वृणीम᳓हे सखिया᳓य
वृणीम᳓हे यु᳓जियाय

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

íṣaḥ ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sū́raḥ ← sū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

sātā́ ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

tanū́nām ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

tokásya ← toká- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sakhyā́ya ← sakhyá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vr̥ṇīmáhe ← √vr̥- ~ vr̥̄- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vr̥ṇīmáhe ← √vr̥- ~ vr̥̄- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yújyāya ← yújya- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

त्वम् । सो॒म॒ । सूरः॑ । आ । इषः॑ । तो॒कस्य॑ । सा॒ता । त॒नूना॑म् ।
वृ॒णी॒महे॑ । स॒ख्याय॑ । वृ॒णी॒महे॑ । युज्या॑य ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sūra ← sūraḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• eṣas ← ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• eṣas ← iṣaḥ ← iṣ
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• tokasya ← toka
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “offspring.”

• sātā ← sāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• tanūnām ← tanu
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “body; embodiment; life; life; root; body; form.”

• vṛṇīmahe ← vṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “choose; ask.”

• sakhyāya ← sakhya
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “friendship; aid; company.”

• vṛṇīmahe ← vṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “choose; ask.”

• yujyāya ← yujya
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter

हे सोम सूरः सुवीर्यः । यद्वा । सर्वस्य यागादिकर्मणि प्रेरकः त्वम् इषः अन्नानि अस्माकम् आ धेहि। उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः। किंच त्वं तोकस्य पुत्रस्य तनूनाम् । ‘ तन्वन्ति विस्तारयन्ति कुलमिति तन्वः पौत्राः। तेषां च साता दाता भव। ‘षणु दाने’। जनसन’ इति विट्। ‘जनसन °’ इत्यात्वम् । वयं तं त्वां सख्याय सखिभावाय कर्मणे वा वृणीमहे संभजामहे । तथा युज्याय । युज् सहायः । तस्य भावे कर्मणि वा ष्यञ् । संज्ञापूर्वकस्य विधेत्यरनित्वादवृद्धिः । शत्रुवधादिलक्षणसाहाय्याय च वयं वृणीमहे ॥

English translation:

“You, Soma, who are a hero (bestow) upon (us) food, (be) the giver of sons (to us); we choose you for your friendship, (we choose you) for your alliance.”

You, Soma, are the sun; (bring) refreshments here at the winning of the offspring of our own bodies.
We choose (you) for comradeship; we choose (you) for fellowship.

The sole Anuṣṭubh verse in a sea of Gāyatrīs. Note that it is the last vs. before the Agni tṛca, and so it may function as a closing or pseudo-closing vs., dividing the larger hymn into parts.

The first hemistich has received a variety of interpr., splitting into two major camps dependent in great part on the identity of sū́raḥ. Geldner (see his n. 18ab), Renou, Ober (I.494) take it as a gen. sg. of svàr-, one of a string of gen. dependent on sātā́‘at the winning’ - hence, “at the winning of the sun, refreshment, offspring, and bodies.” There are several arguments against this interp., however: 1) sū́raḥ has to be nom. sg. to sū́ra- in 22c, and so consistency would be nice (if not entirely necessary); 2) íṣaḥ has the wrong accent for gen. sg. (expect iṣáḥ); 3) the standard interpr. of the sequence éṣaḥ is ā́íṣaḥ (already Pp., though see other poss. in Geldner’s n. 18ab), but the mid-pāda location of ā́, between two supposedly parallel genitives, is an odd position for a preverb / adposition / adverb, and it has no obvious function in the clause. In fact the clause has no verb and no obvious one to supply - witness the variety of suggestions: Geldner “(stehst uns),” Renou “(qui t’es préparé),” Ober “(hilfst uns).” I therefore follow the path generally sketched by Oldenberg (see also Lüders 267 n. 4): a nominal equational cl. with nom. sg. sū́raḥ to sū́ra- (note that both Grassmann and Lubotsky so list the form), tváṃ soma sū́raḥ “you, Soma, are the sun”; followed by a 2nd cl. beginning with ā́. Though ā́ remains mid-pāda, it is initial in its clause, as we would expect. An imperative of bringing / giving / suppying needs to be supplied, with acc. pl. íṣaḥ (properly accented) as obj. Cf. expressions like III.53.1 … íṣa ā́vahatam …, VI.52.16 … íṣa ā́dhattam, and, with specifically Somian vocab., nearby IX.65.13 ā́… íṣam pávasva “By purifying yourself, bring refreshment here.” More to the point, perhaps, the immediately following vs., 19b, ā́ suvórjam íṣaṃ ca naḥ “impel hither nourishment and refreshment to us,” is quite similar and could provide the missing verb.

A structurally less crucial question is the relationship between the two genitives in b, tokásya … tanū́nām. As indicated above, Geldner takes them as parallel; Renou by contrast takes tanū́nām as a beneficial “pour nous-mêmes,” independent of the genitives dependent on sātā́. In the published translation I take them as nested, with tanū́nām dependent on tokásya, though I have no particular objection to the parallel interpr.

As noted above, vṛṇīmáhe sakhyā́ya is a permutation of 14c sakhitvám uśmasi.

On vṛṇīmáhe yújyāya, see comm. ad IX.88.1. Given the other exx. of this lexeme, I would now alter the tr. to “we choose you for yoking [/use].”

Soma, as Sura, bring us food, win offspring of our bodies: we
Elect thee for our friendship, we elect thee for companionship.

Du Soma stehst uns bei der Gewinnung der Sonne, der Speisegenüsse, der Nachkommenschaft und der eigenen Leiber bei. Wir erküren dich zur Freundschaft, wir erküren dich zur Bundesgenossenschaft.

Soma, du bist Sonne, schenkest Labung uns und unsern Kindern, Dich begehren wir zum Bündniss.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• पादनिचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (त्वम्) तुमको हम (युज्याय-सख्याय) योग्य सख्य के लिए (वृणीमहे) हम वरण करें। तुम कैसे हो ?(सूरः) सर्वप्रेरक हो(इषः)सबऐश्वर्य देनेवाले हो और (तोकस्य) पुत्र के (तनूनाम्) शरीर से उत्पन्न पुत्रादिकों के (साता) देनेवाले हो। उक्त गुणसंपन्न आपको (आवृणीमहे) हम भली-भाँति स्वीकार करते हैं॥१८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा को सर्वोपरि मित्ररूप से कथन किया गया है। वस्तुतः मित्र शब्द के अर्थ स्नेह करने के हैं। वास्तव में परमात्मा के बराबर स्नेह करनेवाला कोई नहीं है। इसी भाव को “त्वं वा अहमस्मि भवो देवते अहं वा त्वमसि” इस उपनिषद् में भली-भाँति वर्णन किया है कि तू मैं और मैं तू हूँ। अर्थात् मैं आपके निष्पाप आदि गुणों को धारण करके शुद्ध आत्मा बनूँ ॥१८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) जगदीश ! (त्वम्) भवन्तं (युज्याय सख्याय) योग्यमित्रतायै (वृणीमहे) वयं वृणुमः। कथम्भूतं त्वां वृणुमो वयं तथाहि (सूरः) सर्वप्रेरकोऽसि (इषः) सर्वैश्वर्यप्रदोऽसि। अथ च (तोकस्य) पुत्रस्य (तनूनाम्) शरीरत उत्पन्नानां पुत्रपौत्रादीनां (साता) दातासि ॥१८॥

• देवता - अग्निः पवमानः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓ग्न आ᳓यूंषि पवस
आ᳓ सुवो᳓र्जम् इ᳓षं च नः
आरे᳓ बाधस्व दुछु᳓नाम्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́yūṁṣi ← ā́yus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

pavase ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

suva ← √sū- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ū́rjam ← ū́rj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

āré ← āré (invariable)

bādhasva ← √bādhⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

duchúnām ← duchúnā- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

अग्ने॑ । आयूं॑षि । प॒व॒से॒ । आ । सु॒व॒ । ऊर्ज॑म् । इष॑म् । च॒ । नः॒ ।
आ॒रे । बा॒ध॒स्व॒ । दु॒च्छुना॑म् ॥

अग्ने॑ । आयूँ॑षि । प॒व॒से॒ । एति॑ । सु॒व॒ । ऊर्ज॑म् । इष॑म् । च॒ । नः॒ ॥ आ॒रे । बा॒ध॒स्व॒ । दु॒च्छुना॑म् ॥

• agna ← agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• āyūṃṣi ← āyus
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

• pavasa ← pavase ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• suvorjam ← suva ← sū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “give birth; urge; bestow; cause.”

• suvorjam ← ūrjam ← ūrj
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

• iṣaṃ ← iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• āre
• [adverb]
• “far.”

• bādhasva ← bādh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “afflict; annoy; chase away; tease; grieve; irritate.”

• ducchunām ← ducchunā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “calamity; misfortune.”

हे अग्ने पवमानरूप त्वमस्माकम् आयूंषि जीवनानि पवसे रक्षसि । नः अस्माकम् ‘ऊर्जम् अन्नरसम् इषम् अन्नं च आ सुव आभिमुख्येन प्रेरय । किंच दुच्छुनाम् । रक्षोनामैतत् । रक्षांसि आरे अस्मत्तो दूर एव बाधस्व संपीडय ॥

हे अग्ने आयूंषि जीवनान्यन्नानि वास्मदीयानि त्वं खलु पवसे शोधयसि, यथा वर्धन्ते, यथा वा न क्षीयन्ते । अत ऊर्जं रसं क्षीरादिकमिषमन्नं चास्मभ्यमासुव आभिमुख्येन सुव प्रेरय उत्पादयेत्यर्थः । आरे दूरे नीत्वा बाधस्व बाधय नाशय दुच्छुनाम् उपद्रवं ज्योगामयावित्वलक्षणम् । ‘उत यदीतासुर्भवति जीवत्येव’ इति ब्राह्मणम् ॥

हे अग्ने आयूंषि अन्नानि जीवनानि वा अस्मदीयानि त्वं खलु पवसे शोधय । यथा वर्धन्ते न क्षीयन्ते तथा कुर्विति भावः । नो ऽस्माकम् अन्नम् अदनीयं भक्ष्यभोज्यादिकं ऊर्जं क्षीराज्यादिकं रसं चानुजानीह्याभिमुख्येन प्रेरय उत्पादय, सर्वदा देहीति भावः ।
दुच्छुनां दौर्गत्यादिसर्वोपद्रवान् दूरे नीत्वा बाधस्व विनाशय ।

अग्ने आयूंषि पवस्व ऊर्जं रसं इषम् अन्नं च नः अस्मभ्यमासुव आनय दुच्छुनां दौर्गत्यं चास्माकमारे दूरे बाधस्वेति ॥

English translation:

“Agni, you support our lives, send us nutriment and food, drive far off the rākṣasas.”

O Agni, you bring (longer) lifespans through your purification; impel hither nourishment and refreshment to us.
Into the distance thrust misfortune.

Since pavase has an obj. ā́yūṃṣi, it would be desirable to have the preverb ā́, which has transitivizing function with this root. This is easily done: ā́yūṃṣi can be decomposed into ā́ā́yūṃṣi without change to the Saṃhitā text, though it is contra to the Pp.

This preverb in tmesis shows up apparently 2nd in the clause because it follows the zeroposition voc. ágne.

Agni, thou pourest life; send down upon us food and vigorous strength;
Drive thou misfortune far away,

O Agni, thou purifiest life [7];
Do thou give food and strength to us;
Far away drive ill-fortune.

agni you purify our life, send to us swift strength. Prevent the misfortune from over taking us.

O Agni, du läuterst uns Lebenskraft zu; weise uns Stärkung und Labung zu! Halte das Unheil weit ab!

Du flammst, o Agni, Leben aus, erzeuge Trank und Speise uns, Das Unheil stosse weit hinweg.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्ने) हे ज्ञानस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! आप (आयूंषि) हमारी आयु को (पवसे) पवित्र करते हैं (च) और (नः) हमारे लिए (इषम्) ऐश्वर्य और (ऊर्जम्) बल (आसुव)दें। तथा (दुच्छुनाम्) विघ्नकारी राक्षसों को हमसे (आरे) दूर (बाधस्व) करें॥१९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा ने विघ्नकारी राक्षसों से बचने का उपदेश किया है कि हे पुरुषों ! तुम विघ्नकारी अवैदिक पुरुष जो राक्षस हैं, उनके हटाने में सदैव तत्पर रहो ॥१९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्ने) ज्ञानस्वरूप परमेश्वर ! त्वम् (आयूंषि) अस्माकं वयांसि (पवसे) पवित्रयसि (च) अथ च (नः) अस्मभ्यम् (इषम्) ऐश्वर्यं तथा (ऊर्जम्) बलं (आसुव) देहि। तथा (दुच्छुनाम्) विघ्नकारिराक्षसान् इतः (आरे बाधस्व) दूरीकुरु ॥१९॥

• देवता - अग्निः पवमानः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अग्नि᳓र् ऋ᳓षिः प᳓वमानः
पा᳓ञ्चजन्यः पुरो᳓हितः
त᳓म् ईमहे महागय᳓म्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
agníḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ŕ̥ṣiḥ ← ŕ̥ṣi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pā́ñcajanyaḥ ← pā́ñcajanya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

puróhitaḥ ← puróhita- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

īmahe ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

mahāgayám ← mahāgayá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒ग्निः । ऋषिः॑ । पव॑मानः । पाञ्च॑ऽजन्यः । पु॒रःऽहि॑तः ।
तम् । ई॒म॒हे॒ । म॒हा॒ऽग॒यम् ॥

• agnir ← agniḥ ← agni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• ṛṣiḥ ← ṛṣi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Ṛṣi; spiritual teacher; ascetic; Mantra.”

• pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• pāñcajanyaḥ ← pāñcajanya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “worldwide.”

• purohitaḥ ← purohita
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Purohita; purohita [word].”

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īmahe ← ī ← √i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “beg; solicit.”

• mahāgayam ← mahā ← mahat
• [noun]
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• mahāgayam ← gayam ← gaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “house; Gaya; family; Gaya; property; Gaya; wealth; livestock.”

पाञ्चजन्यः । निषादपञ्चमाश्चत्वारो वर्णाः पञ्चजनाः। यद्वा । गन्धर्वाः पितरो देवा असुरा रक्षांसीत्येते पञ्चजनाः । अथवा देवमनुष्या गन्धर्वाप्सरसः सर्पाः पितर इति ब्राह्मणेऽभिहिताः पञ्चजनाः। ‘ गम्भीराञ्यः् ’ इत्यत्र ‘ बहिर्देवपञ्चजनेभ्य इति वक्तव्यम्’ (का. ४. ३. ५८. १ ) इति वचनात् भवार्थे ञ्यप्रत्ययः । तेषां तत्तदभीष्टप्रदानेन स्वभूतः ऋषिः सर्वस्य द्रष्टा पवमानः तद्रूपोऽग्निः पुरोहितः कर्मार्थमृत्विग्भिः पुरो निहितः । तं पूर्वोक्तलक्षणं महागयं महद्भिर्देवादिभिरपि गीर्भिः गातव्यम् । महान्ति प्रभूतानि यज्ञगृहाणि वा यस्य स तथोक्तः । तं पवमानगुणविशिष्टमग्निम् ईमहे धनादीनि याचामहे ॥ ॥ १० ॥

English translation:

“Agni, the all-beholding, who is in the form of the Pavamāna, the benefactor of the five orders, the preceder at sacrifice; him we solicit, who is hymned by the great.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Five orders: four varṇas and the niṣāda; or, the gandharvas, pitṛs, gods, asuras, and rākṣasas; or, the gods, mankind, gandharvas, apsarasas, serpents and pitṛs

Agni—a seer, self-purifying, belonging to the five peoples, installed in front—
him we beseech for a great household. ᳓

Agni is Pavamana, Sage, Chief Priest of all the Races Five:
To him whose wealth is great we pray.

Der sich läuternde Soma ist Agni, der Rishi, der über die fünf Völker gesetzte Vormund. Ihn bitten wir um großen Hausstand.

Den Sänger Agni flehn wir an, der flammt, der viele Güter hat, Der fünf Geschlechter Priester ist.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्निः) ज्ञानस्वरूप (ऋषिः) सर्वव्यापक परमात्मा (पवमानः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाला है (पाञ्चजन्यः) पाँचों ज्ञानेन्द्रियों को शुभ मार्ग में चलानेवाला (पुरोहितः) वैदिक लोगों का एकमात्र उपास्य (महागयम्) वेदराशिरूप धन को देनेवाला है, (तम्) उसको (ईमहे) हम लोग प्राप्त हों॥२०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो परमात्मा सर्वगत परिपूर्ण और नित्य-शुद्ध-बुद्ध-मुक्तस्वभाव है, जिसकी उपासना से ज्ञानेन्द्रिय और कर्मेन्द्रिय दोनों बलवीर्यसंपन्न होकर ऐश्वर्य के उपलब्ध करने का सर्वोपरि हेतु बनते हैं, हम एकमात्र उक्तगुणसंपन्न परमात्मा को ही अपना उपास्य समझें ॥२०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्निः) ज्ञानस्वरूपः (ऋषिः) सर्वव्यापकः ऋषति ज्ञानदृष्ट्या सर्वत्र गच्छतीति यावत्। (पाञ्चजन्यः) पञ्चज्ञानेन्द्रियाणां शुभमार्गचालकः (पुरोहितः) वैदिकानामुपास्यः (महागयम्) वेदराशिरूपधनदाता परमात्मास्ति (तम् ईमहे) भवन्तं प्राप्नुमः ॥२०॥

• देवता - अग्निः पवमानः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓ग्ने प᳓वस्व सुअ᳓पा
अस्मे᳓ व᳓र्चः सुवी᳓रियम्
द᳓धद् रयि᳓म् म᳓यि पो᳓षम्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

svápāḥ ← svápas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asmé ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

suvī́ryam ← suvī́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

várcaḥ ← várcas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dádhat ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

máyi ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

póṣam ← póṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rayím ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अग्ने॑ । पव॑स्व । सु॒ऽअपाः॑ । अ॒स्मे इति॑ । वर्चः॑ । सु॒ऽवीर्य॑म् ।
दध॑त् । र॒यिम् । मयि॑ । पोष॑म् ॥

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• svapā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svapā ← apāḥ ← apas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “work; deed.”

• asme ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• varcaḥ ← varcas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “shininess; vigor; fecal matter; glare; magnificence; energy; prestige; energy; glory; luster; light; varcas [word]; glory; body waste; droppings; color.”

• suvīryam ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suvīryam ← vīryam ← vīrya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

• dadhad ← dadhat ← dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• rayim ← rayi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• mayi ← mad
• [noun], locative, singular
• “I; mine.”

• poṣam ← poṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “prosperity; poṣa [word].”

हे अग्ने स्वपाः । ‘सोर्मनसी’ इत्युत्तरपदाद्युदात्तत्वम्। शोभनकर्मा त्वम्
अस्मे अस्मासु सुवीर्यं शोभनवीर्योपेतं वर्चः - वर्च दीप्तौ - तेजः पवस्व आगमय ।

तथा भवान् रयिं धनं पुत्रं वा पोषम् । भावे कर्मणि वा घञ् । गवां पुष्टिं यद्वा गवादिकं मयि भवान् दधत् दधातु । करोत्वित्यर्थः । दधातेर्लेट्यडागमः। ‘घोर्लोपो लेटि वा’ (पा. सू. ७. ३. ७० ) इत्याकारलोपः ॥

हे अग्ने स त्वं पवस्व स्वपाः शोभनकर्मा । ‘सोर्मनसी अलोमोषसी’ इत्युत्तरपदाद्युदात्तत्वम् ।

अस्मे अस्मभ्यम् । ‘सुपां सुलुक्’ इति शे-आदेशः । वर्चः बलं, सुवीर्यं शोभनवीर्ययुक्तं पवस्व शोधय वर्धय । ‘वीरवीर्यौ च’ इत्युत्तरपदाद्युदात्तत्वम् । अग्ने इत्यस्याविद्यमानत्वात् पवस्वेति न निहन्यते ।

किं कुर्वन्नित्याह - पोषं पुण्ष्टिं रयिं धनं च मयि दधत् धारयन् स्थापयन् वर्चो मे धेहीति । ‘अभ्यस्तानामादिः’ इत्याद्युदात्तत्वम् । ‘यदग्नये पवमानाय निर्वपति पुनात्येवैनम्’ `इति ब्राह्मणम् ॥

हे अग्ने शोभनकर्मा त्वमसि अस्मान् शोभनानुष्ठानान् कुरु । अस्मदर्थं शोभनं वीर्यं तेजो दीप्तिं च बलं वा शोधय प्रापय । पोषं वृद्धियुक्तं रयिं धनं च मयि दधत् स्थापयन्निति ॥

English translation:

“Agni, who are the doer of good, pour upon us brightness and fair-offspring; may he make me wealth and plural nty.”

Agni, as a good worker, through your purification bring luster and an abundance of heroes for us,
establishing in me wealth and thriving.

Here, despite the obj. phrase in b, pávasva lacks the expected ā́. It would technically be possible to take b with c: “establishing luster and an abundance of heroes for/in us, wealth and thriving in me,” which would leave pavasva intransitive. However, this seems artificial, and the existence of two 1st ps. pronouns in b and c, in different numbers, would be awkward. Moreover, 27c, with an independent dádhat clause, speaks in favor of separating b and c here.

Skilled in thy task, O Agni, pour splendour with hero strength on us,
Granting me wealth that nourishes.

O Agni, good worker, purify for us
Glory in good heroes;
Giving increase and wealth to me.

O Agni, du der Guteswirker, läutere uns Ansehen und die Meisterschaft herbei, mir Reichtum und Zuwachs bringend!

O Agni, flamme uns herbei schönwirkend Glanz und Heldenkraft; Er schenke Gut und Nahrung mir.

• अग्निः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्ने) हे ज्ञानस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (पवस्व) आप हमको पवित्र करें। आप (स्वपाः) शोभन कर्मोंवाले हैं (अस्मे) हममें आप (वर्चः) ब्रह्मतेज दें और (मयि) मुझमें (रयिम्) ऐश्वर्य (सुवीर्यम्) और सुन्दर बल (पोषम्) तथा पुष्टि को (दधत्) धारण कराएँ॥२१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष परमात्मपरायण होते हैं, परमात्मा उनमें सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्यों को धारण कराता है ॥२१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्ने) ज्ञानस्वरूप जगत्पालक परमात्मन् ! मां (पवस्व) पवित्रयतु। भवान् (स्वपाः) सुकर्मास्ति। (अस्मे) अस्मासु (वर्चः) ब्रह्मतेजो ददातु। अथ च (मयि) मयि (रयिम्) ऐश्वर्यं (सुवीर्यम्) सुन्दरं बलं (पोषम्) पुष्टिं च (दधत्) धारयतु ॥२१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमानो अ᳓ति स्रि᳓धो
अभि᳓ अर्षति सुष्टुति᳓म्
सू᳓रो न᳓ विश्व᳓दर्शतः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
áti ← áti (invariable)

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

srídhaḥ ← srídh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

arṣati ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

suṣṭutím ← suṣṭutí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sū́raḥ ← sū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvádarśataḥ ← viśvádarśata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

पव॑मानः । अति॑ । स्रिधः॑ । अ॒भि । अ॒र्ष॒ति॒ । सु॒ऽस्तु॒तिम् ।
सूरः॑ । न । वि॒श्वऽद॑र्शतः ॥

• pavamāno ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• sridho ← sridhaḥ ← sridh
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “failure; damage.”

• ‘bhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• arṣati ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run.”

• suṣṭutim ← suṣṭuti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise.”

• sūro ← sūraḥ ← sūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• viśvadarśataḥ ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvadarśataḥ ← darśataḥ ← darśata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beautiful; visible; beautiful.”

पवमानः सोमः अस्रिधः हिंसकान् शत्रूनतिक्रम्य गच्छति । तथा सुष्टुतिं स्तोतॄणां शोभनां स्तुतिम् अभ्यर्षति आभिमुख्येन गच्छति । ‘ऋषी गतौ’। तौदादिकः । ‘बहुलं छन्दसि’ इति शप् । गुणः । किंच सूरो न सूर्य इव विश्वदर्शतः सर्वस्य द्रष्टा सर्वैर्वा दर्शनीयो भवति ॥

English translation:

“The purified (Soma) hastens past the adversaries towards the fair praise of the worshippers, visible to all like the sun.”

The self-purifying one rushes across failures toward the lovely
praise hymn,
visible to all like the sun. ᳓

Beyond his enemies away to sweet praise Pavamana flows,
Like Surya visible to all.

Sich läuternd fließt er über alle Fehler hinweg zu einem schönen Loblied, wie die Sonne allen sichtbar.

Hinflammend durch der Feinde Schar, ergiesst er sich zum Lobgesang, Der Sonne gleichend, rings zu schaun,

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमानः) पवित्र करनेवाला परमात्मा (स्रिधः अति) दुष्टों को अतिक्रमण करता है और (सुष्टुतिम्) सद्गुणसंपन्न पुरुषों को (अभ्यर्षति) प्राप्त होता है, वह परमात्मा (सूरो न) सूर्य की तरह (विश्वदर्शतः) स्वतःप्रकाश है॥२२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष संयमी बनकर ईश्वरपरायण होते हैं, परमात्मा उन पर अवश्यमेव कृपा करता है ॥२२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमानः) पविता परमात्मा (स्रिधः अति) दुष्टानतिक्राम्यति। तथा (सुष्टुतिम्) सद्गुणसम्पन्नपुरुषान् (अभ्यर्षति) प्राप्नोति, स परमात्मा (सूरो न) सूर्य इव (विश्वदर्शतः) स्वयम्प्रकाशोऽस्ति ॥२२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स᳓ मर्मृजान᳓ आयु᳓भिः
प्र᳓यस्वान् प्र᳓यसे हितः᳓
इ᳓न्दुर् अ᳓त्यो विचक्षणः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
āyúbhiḥ ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

marmr̥jānáḥ ← √mr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

hitáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

práyase ← práyas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

práyasvān ← práyasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

átyaḥ ← átya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vicakṣaṇáḥ ← vicakṣaṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

सः । म॒र्मृ॒जा॒नः । आ॒युऽभिः॑ । प्रय॑स्वान् । प्रय॑से । हि॒तः ।
इन्दुः॑ । अत्यः॑ । वि॒ऽच॒क्ष॒णः ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• marmṛjāna ← marmṛjānaḥ ← marmṛj ← √mṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “groom; wash; rub.”

• āyubhiḥ ← āyu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• prayasvān ← prayasvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “offering.”

• prayase ← prayas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “food; dainty; enjoyment.”

• hitaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• indur ← induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• atyo ← atyaḥ ← atya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; steed.”

• vicakṣaṇaḥ ← vicakṣaṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “expert; wise; discerning; clear-sighted; conversant(p); bright.”

आयुभिः कर्मनेतृभिर्मनुष्यैः मर्मृजानः पुनःपुनर्मृज्यमानः शोध्यमानः सः इन्दुः स सोमः अत्यः देवान् संततं गन्ता भवति । कीदृशः । प्रयस्वान् प्रीणनशीलान्नवान् । यद्वा । स्तोतृभ्यो देयत्वेनान्नयुक्तः । अत एव प्रयसे हवीरूपायान्नाय हितः विचक्षणः सर्वस्य प्रदर्शनकारी सर्वस्य विद्रष्टा वा सोमो देवानभिगन्ता भवति । ‘चक्षिङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि’। ’ अनुदात्तेतश्च हलादेः’ इति युच् ॥

English translation:

“Repeatedly purified by the priests, Indu, abounding with food, plural ced for food, the beholder of all continually goes (to the gods).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Continually goes to the gods: atyaḥ = devān santatam gantā bhavati

He, being constantly groomed by the Āyus, affording pleasure, is established for pleasure,
the drop, a steed visible afar.

hitáḥ in b could of course belong to √hi ‘impel’, though little would change if did.

As it happens both Geldner and Renou also opt for √dhā here.

Adorned by living men, set forth for entertainment, rich in food,
Far-sighted Indu is a Steed.

Von den Ayu´s geputzt, einen Schmaus bietend, zum Schmause der Götter bestimmt ist der klarsehende Saft, der Renner.

Gereinigt von den eifrigen, zur Labung labungsreich entsandt, Der weise Indu als ein Ross.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दुः) परमैश्वर्यसंपन्न परमात्मा (हितः) सबका हितकारक तथा (अत्यः) सतत गमनशील है और (विचक्षणः) सर्वज्ञ (प्रयस्वान्) तर्पक (सः) वह जगदीश (प्रयसे) ब्रह्मानन्द के लिए (आयुभिः) कर्मयोगियों से (मर्मृजानः) ध्यान किया गया उनके साक्षात्कार को प्राप्त होता है ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - योगी लोग जब परमात्मा का ध्यान करते हैं, तब परमात्मा उन्हें आत्मस्वरूपवत् भान होता है। इसी अभिप्राय से योगसूत्र में कहा है कि “तदा द्रष्टुः स्वरूपेऽवस्थानम्” समाधिवेला में उपासक के स्वरूप में परमात्मा की स्थिति होती है ॥२३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दुः) परमैश्वर्ययुक्तः परमात्मा (हितः) हितकारकोऽस्ति। तथा (अत्यः) सर्वदा गत्वरोऽस्ति। अथ च (विचक्षणः) सर्वज्ञोऽस्ति (प्रयस्वान्) तर्पकः स परमेश्वरः (प्रयसे) ब्रह्मानन्दाय (आयुभिः) कर्मयोगिभिः (मर्मृजानः) ध्यायमानः सन् तेषां साक्षात्कृतो भवति ॥२३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमान ऋत᳓म् बृह᳓च्
छुक्रं᳓ ज्यो᳓तिर् अजीजनत्
कृष्णा᳓ त᳓मांसि ज᳓ङ्घनत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
br̥hát ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

r̥tám ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ajījanat ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

jyótiḥ ← jyótis- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śukrám ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

jáṅghanat ← √han- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kr̥ṣṇā́ ← kr̥ṣṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

támāṁsi ← támas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

पव॑मानः । ऋ॒तम् । बृ॒हत् । शु॒क्रम् । ज्योतिः॑ । अ॒जी॒ज॒न॒त् ।
कृ॒ष्णा । तमां॑सि । जङ्घ॑नत् ॥

• pavamāna ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ṛtam ← ṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• bṛhacchukraṃ ← bṛhat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• bṛhacchukraṃ ← śukram ← śukra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

• jyotir ← jyotiḥ ← jyotis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”

• ajījanat ← jan
• [verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• kṛṣṇā ← kṛṣṇa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “black; dark; dark; blue; black.”

• tamāṃsi ← tamas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

• jaṅghanat ← jaṅghan ← √han
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “murder; kill.”

पवमानः ऋतं सत्यं यथार्थभूतं बृहत् प्रभूतं सर्वदेशेषु व्यापकं शुक्रं दीप्यमानं श्वेतवर्णं ज्योतिः तेजः अजीजनत् द्युलोक उदपादयत् । किं कुर्वन् । कृष्णा कृष्णवर्णानि तमांसि जङ्घनत् भृशं विनाशयन् । हन्तेर्यङ्लुकि शतरि रूपम् । ‘अभ्यस्तानामादिः’ इत्याद्युदात्तत्वम् ॥

English translation:

“The purified (Soma) genitive rated the veracious all-pervading bright-shining light, destroying the black darkness.”

The self-purifying one, as the lofty truth, has begotten the
gleaming light,
continually smashing (back) the black shades of darkness.

With Lüders (266), I take ṛtáṃ bṛhát as a nom. in apposition to Soma, rather than another acc. obj. to ajījanat as Geldner/Renou do. Either of course is possible; there are several passages in which an identification of Soma with ṛtá seems likely. See comm. ad IX.56.1.

But I would certainly accept an acc. interpr. as alternative.

He, Pavamana, hath produced the lofty Law, the brilliant light,
Destroying darkness black of hue.

Pavamana hat das hohe Gesetz, das helle Licht erschaffen, die schwarze Finsternis vertreibend.

Erhabnes Werk hat er erzeugt und helles Licht der flammende, Verjagend schwarze Finsterniss.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - तब (पवमानः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाला परमात्मा (बृहत्) बड़े (शुक्रम्) बलस्वरूप (ऋतं ज्योतिः) सत्यरूप प्रकाश को (अजीजनत्) पैदा करता है और (कृष्णा) काले (तमांसि) अन्धकारों को (जङ्घनत्) नाश करता है॥२४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के साक्षात्कार से अज्ञान की निवृत्ति और परमानन्द की प्राप्ति होती है। अथवा यों कहो कि “सता सौम्य तदा सम्पन्नो भवति” उस समय योगी सद्ब्रह्म के साथ सह अवस्थान को प्राप्त होता है। अर्थात्उस समय सद्ब्रह्म से भिन्न और कुछ प्रतीत नहीं होता। इसी अभिप्राय से योगसूत्र में लिखा हैकि“ऋतम्भरा तत्र प्रज्ञा” उस समय सद्रूप ब्राह्मी प्रज्ञा हो जाती है। ऋत, सत्य ये पर्यायशब्द हैं ॥२४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - तदा (पवमानः) पवित्रकर्ता जगदीश्वरः (बृहत्) महत् (शुक्रम्) बलरूपं (ऋतं ज्योतिः) सत्यरूपप्रकाशम् (अजीजनत्) उत्पादयति। अथ च (कृष्णा) नीलवर्णानि (तमांसि) तिमिराणि (जङ्घनत्) नाशयति ॥२४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमानस्य ज᳓ङ्घ्नतो
ह᳓रेश् चन्द्रा᳓ असृक्षत
जीरा᳓ अजिर᳓शोचिषः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
jáṅghnataḥ ← √han- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pávamānasya ← √pū- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

asr̥kṣata ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

candrā́ḥ ← candrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

háreḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

ajiráśociṣaḥ ← ajiráśocis- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

jīrā́ḥ ← jīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

पव॑मानस्य । जङ्घ्न॑तः । हरेः॑ । च॒न्द्राः । अ॒सृ॒क्ष॒त॒ ।
जी॒राः । अ॒जि॒रऽशो॑चिषः ॥

• pavamānasya ← pū
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• jaṅghnato ← jaṅghnataḥ ← jaṅghan ← √han
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “murder; kill.”

• hareś ← hareḥ ← hari
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• candrā ← candrāḥ ← candra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “aglitter(p); shining.”

• asṛkṣata ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• jīrā ← jīrāḥ ← jīra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “agile; quick; fast.”

• ajiraśociṣaḥ ← ajira
• [noun]
• “fast; agile; ajira [word].”

• ajiraśociṣaḥ ← śociṣaḥ ← śocis
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “fire; flare; burn; radiance.”

जङ्घ्नतः पुनःपुनस्तमांसि विनाशयतः हरेः हरितवर्णस्य अजिरशोचिषः सर्वत्र गमनशीलतेजसः पवमानस्य सोमस्य चन्द्राः । ‘चदि आह्लादने । देवानामाह्लादयित्र्यः जीराः क्षिप्रंक्षरणशीला धाराः असृक्षत सृजन्ति । पवित्रान्निर्गच्छन्तीत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ ११ ॥

English translation:

“The gladsome swift-moving streams of the purified, green-tinted, unfadingly radiant (Soma), the destroyer (of darkness), have been let forth.”

Of the self-purifying one, continually smashing (back the darkness), of the tawny one, the glittering (drops) have surged,
lively ones with flickering radiance.

With Geldner and Renou, I supply ‘darkness(es)’ (támāṃsi) as obj. of jáṅghnataḥ on the basis of 24c.

I supply ‘drops’ with candrā́ḥ on the basis of III.40.4 candrā́sa índavaḥ, though Geldner’s “Güsse” and Renou’s “coulées de soma” certainly fit the context, too. My “drops” is indirectly supported by the additional descriptor jīrā́ḥ ‘lively’, which is most commonly found in the cmpd. jīrá-dānu- ‘having lively drops’, with a different word for drop.

Note the play jīrā́ajirá-. The cmpd ajirá-śocis- is a bit difficult to fit into context.

The 1st member ajirá- means ‘quick, nimble, agile’, and the whole bahuvrīhi occurs once elsewhere of Agni, VIII.19.13, where I tr. “of nimble flame.” How this would apply to drops is not entirely clear; I assume it refers to the propensity of drops, esp. moving drops, to catch the light. It is also possible that ajiráśociṣaḥ is gen. sg. and modifies Soma, rather than nom. pl. modifying the drops. This would not appreciably change the image.

From tawny Pavamana, the Destroyer, radiant streams have sprung,
Quick streams from him whose gleams are swift.

Des Pavamana, des die Finsternis vertreibenden goldgelben Falben, des Flammen-schießenden schimmernde, rasche Güsse sind losgelassen.

Ergossen sind des flammenden, des goldnen Kämpfers Ströme schon, Die lichten Flammenfunkelnden.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - उस समय (पवमानस्य) पवित्र करनेवाले (जङ्घ्नतः) अज्ञानों के नाश करनेवाले तथा (हरेः) पापों के हरण करनेवाले (अजिरशोचिषः) सर्वगत तेजवाले परमात्मा की (चन्द्राः) आह्लादक (जीराः) ज्योतियाँ (असृक्षत) उत्पन्न होती हैं॥२५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जब योगी जन उस परमात्मा को लक्ष्य बनाकर उसका ध्यान करते हैं, तब अपूर्व ज्योति उत्पन्न होती है। वा यों कहो कि अजर अमर भाव देनेवाला ब्रह्मज्ञान उस समय मनुष्य की बुद्धि को प्रकाशित करता है। इसी का नाम ब्राह्मी प्रज्ञा है। इसी अभिप्राय से गीता में कृष्ण जी ने कहा हैकि“एषा ब्राह्मी स्थितिः पार्थ नैनां प्राप्य विमुह्यति”हे अर्जुन ! यह ब्राह्मी स्तिथि है, इसको पाकर फिर पुरुष मोह को प्राप्त नहीं होता ॥२५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - तस्मिन्नज्ञाने नष्टे सति (पवमानस्य) पवित्रयितुः (जङ्घ्नतः) अज्ञानननाशकस्य (हरेः) पापहर्तुः (अजिरशोचिषः) सर्वगततेजस्विनः परमदयावत ईश्वरस्य (चन्द्राः) आह्लादकानि (जीराः) ज्योतींषि (असृक्षत) उत्पद्यन्ते ॥२५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमानो रथी᳓तमः
शुभ्रे᳓भिः शुभ्र᳓शस्तमः
ह᳓रिश्चन्द्रो मरु᳓द्गणः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rathī́tamaḥ ← rathī́tama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śubhráśastamaḥ ← śubhráśastama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śubhrébhiḥ ← śubhrá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

háriścandraḥ ← háriścandra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

marúdgaṇaḥ ← marúdgaṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

पव॑मानः । र॒थिऽत॑मः । शु॒भ्रेभिः॑ । शु॒भ्रशः॑ऽतमः ।
हरि॑ऽचन्द्रः । म॒रुत्ऽग॑णः ॥

• pavamāno ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• rathītamaḥ ← rathītama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• śubhrebhiḥ ← śubhra
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”

• śubhraśastamaḥ ← śubhraśastama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• hariścandro ← hari
• [noun]
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• hariścandro ← ścandraḥ ← ścandra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “shining; glistening; brilliant.”

• marudgaṇaḥ ← marut
• [noun], masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• marudgaṇaḥ ← gaṇaḥ ← gaṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “group; varga; troop; troop; battalion; flock; herd; gaṇa [word]; corporation; gaṇa; herd; sect; swarm; set; party; gaṇa; series; Ganesa; flight.”

पवमानः देवः रथीतमः अतिशयेन रथवान्। ‘ईद्रथिनः’ ( पा. सू. ८. २. १७, १ ) इति ईकारः । तथा शुभ्रेभिः शोभायुक्तेभ्यस्तेजोभ्योऽपि शुभ्रशस्तमः अत्यन्तदीप्यमानश्च । यद्वा । निर्मलेभ्योऽपि निर्मलतमयशोयुक्तः हरिश्चन्द्रः । ‘ह्रस्वाच्चन्द्रोत्तरपदे ’ इति सांहितिकः सुट् । हरितवर्णदीप्तिर्हरितधारावान् वा मरुद्गणः । मरुतो यस्य गणः सहायभूताः स तथोक्तः । तादृशः सर्वांल्लोकान्’ स्वरश्मिभिः स्वदीप्तिभिः व्यश्नवत् व्याप्नोत्वित्युत्तरेणान्वयः ॥

English translation:

“The purified (Soma) possessing many chariots, most radiant with beauteous splendours, having green-tinted streams, attended by the Maruts.”

The self-purifying one, the best charioteer, proclaimed as most
resplendent by the resplendent (Maruts),
gold-glittering, with the Maruts as his flock,

The Indraic cast of this vs. is quite clear, and I therefore think that Soma is being identified with Indra here (as he was with Agni in the tṛca 19-21). To begin with, the splv.

rathī́tama- is generally used of Indra (e.g., VIII.45.7); marúd-gaṇa- ‘having the Maruts as his flock’ is of course characteristic of Indra (e.g., VIII.89.2) and also expressed by other, similar but better-attested epithets like marút-vant-. Moreover, the stem śubhrá- ‘resplendent’ in the masc. pl., here in the instr. pl. śubhrébhiḥ, is almost always used of the Maruts (e.g., I.167.4).

The problem in the vs. is the splv. śubhráśastamaḥ in b. The interpr. reflected by Geldner and Renou stems from Oldenberg, who sees it as a haplology from *śubhrá-śasta-tama-, i.e., the splv.

to a ppl. cmpd. Oldenberg himself doesn’t provide a gloss, but on the basis of a cmpd. like kaviśastá- ‘praised by poets’ it should presumably be something like ‘most praised by the resplendent’, though neither Geldner’s “über die anderen Schönen als der Schönste gepriesen” nor Renou’s “par rapport aux (êtres) beaux, il est le plus célébré (quant à son fait d’être) beau” reflects this presumption; that is, they do not take the 1st member as agent. Nor does the accent of the cmpd (either reconstructed or as attested) match that of kavi-śastá-, though admittedly it does match the standard devá-hita- type. And the instr. śubhrébhiḥ seems an odd choice - we would expect a gen. pl. with the splv. of course; the anomalous instr. is surely responsible for the knots that Geldner and Renou tie themselves into, as well as Geldner’s cryptic (or disingenuous) n. 26b “śubhrébhiḥ Instr. = Ablat. in Verbindung mit Superl. = Komparat.” The published translation represents a very different analysis, which I now think must be wrong: as the splv. to a root-noun cmpd. ‘proclaiming splendor’, but, as I realized all along, the accent is wrong (expect *śubhra-śás-(tama-)), and it is difficult to argue that the accent got misplaced because the word structure was misunderstood, esp. given the root noun cmpd splv. in the next vs., vāja-sā́-tama- with correct accent. In addition, śubhrá- is an adj., ‘resplendent’, not a noun ‘splendour’, and √śaṃs doesn’t take any form derived from √śubh as obj. So I now would reject the published translation and return to Oldenberg’s haplology - though with a semantic interpr. different from the Geldner/Renou complex. I would take the 1st member in agentive value, as is usual in such cmpds: “most praised by the resplendent (ones),” with the usual number neutralization. The reference is to the Maruts. What then of the independent instr. śubhrébhiḥ? Either it doubles the 1st cmpd member, whose function in the cmpd may have become unclear because of the haplology - hence “most praised by the resplendent (ones), by the resplendent ones.” Or it may be an instr. of accompaniment: “most praised by the resplendent (ones), along with the resplendent ones.” This would reflect the fact that the Maruts both praise Indra and receive praise themselves. This dual role of the Maruts, both praising and praised, is the subject of “poetic repair” in V.52, the first of Śyāvāśva’s Marut hymns. See comm. ad loc and reff. given there. Although I slightly favor the former explanation, English is better served by the latter, and I would now substitute the 2nd tr. just given; “most praised” should also receive an asterisk.

Unfortunately “gold-glittering” for háriścandra- obscures its relationship to háreś candrā́ḥ in 25b “of the tawny one, the glittering (drops).”

Best rider of the chariot, praised with fairest praise mid beauteous ones,
Gold-gleaming with the Marut host,

Pavamana ist der beste Wagenfahrer, über die anderen Schönen als der Schönste gepriesen, der Goldschimmernde, dessen Gefolge die Marut sind.

Der flammende, bestfahrende, sehr glänzend mit den glänzenden, Marut-umschart, von goldnem Licht,

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमानो वि᳓ अश्नवद्
रश्मि᳓भिर् वाजसा᳓तमः
द᳓धत् स्तोत्रे᳓ सुवी᳓रियम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
aśnavat ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pávamānaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ví ← ví (invariable)

raśmíbhiḥ ← raśmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

vājasā́tamaḥ ← vājasā́tama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dádhat ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

stotré ← stotár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

suvī́ryam ← suvī́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

पव॑मानः । वि । अ॒श्न॒व॒त् । र॒श्मिऽभिः॑ । वा॒ज॒ऽसात॑मः ।
दध॑त् । स्तो॒त्रे । सु॒ऽवीर्य॑म् ॥

• pavamāno ← pavamānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• vy ← vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• aśnavad ← aśnavat ← aś
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

• raśmibhir ← raśmibhiḥ ← raśmi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

• vājasātamaḥ ← vāja
• [noun], masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vājasātamaḥ ← sātamaḥ ← sātama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• dadhat ← dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• stotre ← stotṛ
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “laudatory; worshiping.”

• suvīryam ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suvīryam ← vīryam ← vīrya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

पवमानः सोमः रश्मिभिः स्वदीप्तिभिः व्यश्नवत् सर्वं जगद्व्याप्नोतु । कीदृशः । वाजसातमः अतिशयेनान्नस्य दाता बलस्य संभक्ता वा । तथा स्तोत्रे पवमानस्तोत्रं कुर्वते मनवे सुवीर्यं सुवीर्योपेतं पुत्रं धनं वा दधत् विदधत् प्रयच्छन् व्याप्नोतु । अश्नोतेर्लेट्यडागमः ॥

English translation:

“May the purified Soma, the most liberal dispenser of food, pervade (the world) with his rays, granting excellent male offspring to the worshipper.”

The self-purifying one will pervade with his rays, the best winner of prizes, establishing for the praiser an abundance of heroes.

In this vs. we seem to have returned to the identification of Soma with the sun, as shown esp. by raśmíbhiḥ “with his rays” - this instr. pl. being reserved almost exclusively for the sun’s rays (see, e.g., nearby IX.61.8 sū́ryasya raśmíbhiḥ). The image is of the sun / Soma pervading space, with Soma’s rays being the traces of the golden liquid as it spreads across the filter.

May Pavamana, best to win the booty, penetrate with rays,
Giving the singer hero strength.

Pavamana möge mit seinen Strahlen durchdringen, der am meisten Siegespreise gewinnt, der dem Sänger die Meisterschaft verleiht.

Mit seinen Strahlen dringe durch der flammende, der Kraft verleiht, Dem Sänger schenk’ er Heldenkraft.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजसातमः) आध्यात्मिक बल देनेवाला परमात्मा, जो (रश्मिभिः) अपनी शक्तियों से (व्यश्नवत्) सबको स्वाधीन किये हुए है, वह (पवमानः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाला ईश्वर (स्तोत्रे) वेदाध्ययनशीलों में (सुवीर्यम्) ब्रह्मवर्चस का (दधत्) प्रदान करता है॥२७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - स्वयंज्योति परमात्मा से ही विद्वानों को ब्रह्मवर्चस मिलता है, इसलिए एकमात्र उसी ईश्वर की उपासना करनी चाहिए ॥२७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजसातमः) आध्यात्मिकबलदः परमेश्वरस्तथा (रश्मिभिः) स्वशक्तिभिः (व्यश्नवत्) सर्वान्स्वायत्ते कुर्वन् सः (पवमानः) पविता जगदीशः (स्तोत्रे) वेदाध्ययनशीलेभ्यः (सुवीर्यम्) ब्रह्मवर्चः (दधत्) प्रददाति ॥२७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓ सुवान᳓ इ᳓न्दुर् अक्षाः
पवि᳓त्रम् अ᳓ति अव्य᳓यम्
पुनान᳓ इ᳓न्दुर् इ᳓न्द्रम् आ᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
akṣār ← √kṣar- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

suvānáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

áti ← áti (invariable)

avyáyam ← avyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pavítram ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

प्र । सु॒वा॒नः । इन्दुः॑ । अ॒क्षा॒रिति॑ । प॒वित्र॑म् । अति॑ । अ॒व्यय॑म् ।
पु॒ना॒नः । इन्दुः॑ । इन्द्र॑म् । आ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• suvāna ← suvānaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• indur ← induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• akṣāḥ ← akṣār ← kṣar
• [verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “run; melt.”

• pavitram ← pavitra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• aty ← ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• avyayam ← avyaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “sheep.”

• punāna ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• indur ← induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

सुवानः अभिषूयमाणः इन्दुः सोमः अव्ययम् अविमयमूर्णास्तुकेन निर्मितं दशापवित्रमतीत्य प्र अक्षाः कलशं प्रति प्रकर्षेण क्षरति । क्षरतेर्लुङि तिपि सिचि छान्दस इडागमाभावः । ‘ अतो र्लान्तस्य’ (पा. सू. ७. २. २) इति वृद्धिः। रात्सस्य’ इति सिचो लोपः। रेफान्तं स्पष्टयितुमितिकारः । ‘ बहुलं छन्दसि’ (पा. सू. ७.३.९७ ) इति ईडभावः । हल्ङ्यादिना तिलोपः । ततः पुनानः पवित्रेण शुद्धः इन्दुः सोमः इन्द्रमा विशति । उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः ॥

English translation:

“Indu when effused drops through the fleecy filter (into the vessel); being filtered Indu (enters) into Indra.”

Being pressed, the drop has flowed forth across the fleecy filter;
being purified, the drop (has flowed) to Indra.

This vs. has two passively used participles, suvānáḥ ‘being pressed’ and punānáḥ ‘being purified’, which contrast with the agency implicitly accorded to Soma Pavamāna, “self-purifying” Soma. This more agentive participle returns in the final vs. (30b), just before we ask Soma for his favor.

The repetition of índuḥ (pādas a and c) is somewhat clumsy, but the 2nd occurrences enables the usual word play with adjacent índram.

Over the fleecy sieve hath flowed the drop effused: to Indra comes
Indu while he is purified

Ausgepreßt ist der Saft hervorgeflossen über die Seihe aus Schafwolle; sich läuternd gelangt der Saft zu Indra.

Gepresst ist Indu vorgeströmt hin durch das wollne Läutrungsnetz, Geklärt zu Indra Indu hin.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुवानः) सबको उत्पन्न करनेवाले तथा (इन्दुः) सर्वप्रकाशक परमात्मा (प्राक्षाः) आनन्द की वृष्टि करता है। तथा (पुनानः) पवित्र करनेवाला जगदीश (इन्द्रम्) कर्मयोगी को (पवित्रमव्ययम्) पवित्र अव्ययभाव को देता हुआ तथा उनके अन्तःकरणों में (आ) निवास करता हुआ (अति) “अत्येति” अज्ञान का नाश करता है॥२८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यद्यपि मनुष्यमात्र के हृदय में परमात्मा विराजमान है। उससे एक अणुमात्र भी खाली नहीं है, तथापि कर्मयोगी और ज्ञानयोगियों के हृदय में योगज सामर्थ्य से अधिक अभिव्यक्ति समझी जाती है। इस अभिप्राय से परमात्मा का आवेश यहाँ योगीजनों के हृदय में कथन किया गया है ॥२८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुवानः) सर्वोत्पादकः (इन्दुः) सकलप्रकाशकः परमात्मा (प्राक्षाः) आनन्दस्य वृष्टिं करोति। तथा (पुनानः) पविता परमेश्वरः (इन्द्रम्) कर्मयोगिने (पवित्रमव्ययम्) पवित्रमव्ययं च भावं ददन् तथा तेषामन्तःकरणेषु (आ) आवसन् (अति) अत्येति अज्ञानं नाशयतीत्यर्थः “अति” इत्युपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाया “एति” इत्यस्याध्याहारः ॥२८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

एष᳓ सो᳓मो अ᳓धि त्वचि᳓
ग᳓वां क्रीळति अ᳓द्रिभिः
इ᳓न्द्रम् म᳓दाय जो᳓हुवत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

eṣá ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvací ← tvác- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

ádribhiḥ ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

gávām ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

krīḷati ← √krīḍ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jóhuvat ← √hū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mádāya ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

ए॒षः । सोमः॑ । अधि॑ । त्व॒चि । गवा॑म् । क्री॒ळ॒ति॒ । अद्रि॑ऽभिः ।
इन्द्र॑म् । मदा॑य । जोहु॑वत् ॥

• eṣa ← etad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• somo ← somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• tvaci ← tvac
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “skin; bark; peel; hide; complexion; hide; Rasa; rind.”

• gavāṃ ← gavām ← go
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• krīﾱaty ← krīḍati ← krīḍ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “frolic; love; play; amuse.”

• adribhiḥ ← adri
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• madāya ← mada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• johuvat ← johav ← √hvā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “appeal.”

एषः अंशुरूपः सोमः गवां त्वचि आनडुहचर्मणि । अधिशब्द उपर्यर्थद्योतकः । चर्मण्युपरि अद्रिभिः ग्रावभिः सह क्रीडति अभिषवाय संक्रीडते । किं कुर्वन् । मदाय सोमपानेन मादयितुम् इन्द्रं जोहुवत् भृशमाह्वयन् । एतेन तत्काल इन्द्रविषयां स्तुतिं कुर्वन्तीत्यवगम्यते ॥

English translation:

“This Soma sports with the stones upon the cowhide, calling Indra for exhilaration.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I.e. then the priests by means of the Soma, perform Indra’s praise

This Soma plays on the hide of cows with the stones,
repeatedly invoking Indra to exhilaration. ᳓

This Soma, through the pressing-stones, is sporting on the oxhide, and
Summoning Indra to the draught.

Dieser Soma spielt mit den Steinen auf der Kuhhaut, den Indra zum Rausche laut ladend.

Der Soma hüpft durch Steine nun hernieder auf die Rinderhaut, Den Indra rufend zu dem Rausch.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एष सोमः) यह परमात्मा (गवाम्) इन्द्रियों की (अधित्वचि) मनोरूप शक्ति में (अद्रिभिः) इन्द्रियवृत्तियों द्वारा साक्षात्कार किया जाता है। (इन्द्रम्) कर्मयोगी के कर्मक्षेत्र में (जोहुवन्) प्राणापान की गति को हवन करता है और कर्मयोगी को कर्मक्षेत्र में (क्रीडति) क्रीडा कराता है॥२९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की कृपा से ही कर्मयोगी जन प्राण-अपान की गति को रोककर प्राणायाम करते हैं और वही परमात्मा इस ब्रह्माण्डरूपी अद्भुत कर्मक्षेत्र में उनसे सर्वोपरि कर्म कराता है। इसमें “अधित्वचि” नाम मन का है, क्योंकि “इन्द्रियाणां शक्तिं तनोतीति त्वक्” इससे यहाँ आध्यात्मिक यज्ञ का अभिप्राय है। सायणाचार्य ने यहाँ “अधित्वचि” इसके अत्यन्त घृणित अर्थ किये थे। अर्थात् “गवामधित्वचि” इसका “अनडुहचर्मणि” अर्थ किये हैं। सायणाचार्य के मत में अनुडुहचर्म बिछाकर उसके ऊपर सोम कूटा जाता था। विचार करने से यह अर्थ योग्यता से भी विरुद्ध है, क्योंकि सोम किसी कड़ी चीज़ पर ही कूटा जा सकता है, न कि चमड़े पर। कुछ हो, परन्तु “गवामधित्वचि” इसके “अनुडुहचर्मणि” अर्थ करना वेद के आशय से सर्वथा विरुद्ध है ॥२९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एष सोमः) अयं परमात्मा (गवाम्) इन्द्रियाणां (अधित्वचि) मनोरूपशक्तौ (अद्रिभिः) इन्द्रियवृत्तिभिः साक्षात्क्रियते। (इन्द्रम्) कर्मयोगिनः कर्मक्षेत्रे (जोहुवत्) प्राणापानगतिं निघ्नन्ति। अथ च कर्मयोगिनं कर्मक्षेत्रे (क्रीडति) क्रीडयति। अन्तर्भावितण्यर्थोऽत्र वर्तते ॥२९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - शतं वैखानसाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

य᳓स्य ते द्युम्न᳓वत् प᳓यः
प᳓वमाना᳓भृतं दिवः᳓
ते᳓न नो मॄळ+ जीव᳓से

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dyumnávat ← dyumnávant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yásya ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́bhr̥tam ← √bhr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

pávamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

jīváse ← √jīv- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

mr̥ḷa ← √mr̥ḍ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

téna ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

यस्य॑ । ते॒ । द्यु॒म्नऽव॑त् । पयः॑ । पव॑मान । आऽभृ॑तम् । दि॒वः ।
तेन॑ । नः॒ । मृ॒ळ॒ । जी॒वसे॑ ॥

• yasya ← yad
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• dyumnavat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• pavamānābhṛtaṃ ← pavamāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• pavamānābhṛtaṃ ← ābhṛtam ← ābhṛ ← √bhṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “bring.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• tena ← tad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• mṛﾱa ← mṛḍa ← mṛḍ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “pardon.”

• jīvase ← jīv
• [verb noun]
• “survive; be; exist; live on; dwell.”

हे पवमान पूयमान हे सोम दिवः द्युलोकात् आभृतं श्येनरूपया गायत्र्याहृतं द्युम्नवत् अन्नवत् यशोयुक्तं वा पयः सोमलक्षणमन्नं यस्य ते तव स्वभूतं विद्यते तस्मात्त्वं तेन अन्नेन नः अस्मान् जीवसे चिरजीवनाय मृळ मृळय सुखय ॥ ॥ १२ ॥

English translation:

“Purified (Soma),bless us with long life by means of that your nutritious milk which has been brought from heaven.”

You, self-purifying one, whose heaven-bright milk was brought here from heaven,
with it be gracious to us, for us to live. ᳓

O Pavamana, bless us, so that we may live, with that bright milk
Of thine which hath been brought from heaven.

Du Pavamana, dessen glänzende Milch vom Himmel gebracht wurde, begnade uns damit zum Leben!

Mit deiner Milch, die leuchtend dir, o flammender, vom Himmel kam, Mit der sei hold zum Leben uns.

• पवमानः सोमः
• शतं वैखानसाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमान) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! (यस्य) जिस आपका (द्युम्नवत्) दीप्तियुक्त ऐश्वर्य जो (पयः)द्युलोक से दुहा गया है, (दिव आभृतम्) उस ऐश्वर्य से (तेन) हम लोगों के (जीवसे) जीवन के लिए (मृळ) सुख दें॥३०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के ऐश्वर्यरूपी अमृत का जब तक मनुष्य पान नहीं करता, तब तक उसके ऐश्वर्य की वृद्धि कदापि नहीं होती। इसलिए अपने जीवन की वृद्धि के लिए इन्द्रियसंयम द्वारा ईश्वराज्ञा का पालन करता हुआ पुरुष १०० वर्ष जीने की इच्छा करे। इस अभिप्राय से वेदमें अन्यत्र भी कहा गया है कि “जीवेम शरदः शतम्, पश्येम शरदः शतम्” इत्यादि। इसी अभिप्राय से मनु-धर्मशास्त्र में कहा है कि “सदाचारेण पुरुषः शतवर्षाणि जीवति” ब्रह्मचर्य आदि व्रतों से मनुष्य सैकड़ों बरस तक जीवित रहता है ॥३०॥ यह छियासठवाँ सूक्त और बारहवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमान) सर्वपावक परमात्मन् ! (यस्य) यस्य भवतः (द्युम्नवत्) दीप्तिमत् (पयः) ऐश्वर्यं (दिव आभृतम्) द्युलोकगतो दुग्धमस्ति (तेन) तेनैश्वर्येण (नः) अस्माकं (जीवसे) जीवनं (मृळ) सुखय ॥३०॥ इति षट्षष्टितमं सूक्तं द्वादशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥