०६४

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

वृ᳓षा सोम द्युमाँ᳓ असि
वृ᳓षा देव वृ᳓षव्रतः
वृ᳓षा ध᳓र्माणि दधिषे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dyumā́n ← dyumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

deva ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣavrataḥ ← vŕ̥ṣavrata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dadhiṣe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

dhármāṇi ← dhárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

वृषा॑ । सो॒म॒ । द्यु॒ऽमान् । अ॒सि॒ । वृषा॑ । दे॒व॒ । वृष॑ऽव्रतः ।
वृषा॑ । धर्मा॑णि । द॒धि॒षे॒ ॥

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• dyumāṃ ← dyumat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bright; brilliant; brilliant; loud.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• deva
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• vṛṣavrataḥ ← vṛṣa ← vṛṣan
• [noun], masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣavrataḥ ← vrataḥ ← vrata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• dharmāṇi ← dharma
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “Dharma; custom; dharma [word]; regulation; duty; Dharma; Dharma; Dharma; Dharma; law; law; peculiarity; justice.”

• dadhiṣe ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

हे सोम वृषा वर्षकस्त्वं द्युमान् दीप्तिमान् असि । अपि च हे देव द्योतमान सोम वृषा त्वं वृषव्रतः वर्षणशीलकर्मासि । किंच हे सोम वृषा त्वं धर्माणि देवानां मनुष्याणां च हितानि कर्माणि दधिषे धारयसि ॥

English translation:

“You, Soma, are the bright sprinkler; you shining (Soma) are the sprinkler whose occupation is sprinkling; you, the sprinkler, sustain the rites (of men and gods).”

A bull are you, Soma, a brilliant one—a bull following his bullish commandments, o god.
As bull, you have established your own foundations.

Oldenberg’s interpr. of vṛ́ṣā in c as a neut. pl. adj. with dhármāṇi seems both unnecessary and unlikely. I know of no other neut. forms of vṛ́ṣan- (the few cited by Oldenberg are not convincing), which suggests to me that, despite its widely accepted classification as an adj., the stem is synchronically a masc. noun, which, however, can be used as an adjunct strengthener of another noun, hence “bull X” as the equivalent of “bullish X” - a usage similar to English ‘horse’ as an augmentative, meaning ‘strong, large, coarse’ (as in, for ex., horseradish). See https://www.etymonline.com/word/horseradish Moreover, since nom. sg.

vṛ́ṣā opens the two previous pādas of this vs., it seems unlikely that a morphologically different, and at the least very rare, phonologically identical form would open the third - esp. since, when a neut. adj. is required in the next vs. (2a), the deriv. vṛ́ṣṇya- is employed.

Soma, thou art a splendid Steer, a Steer, O God, with steerlike sway:
Thou as a Steer ordainest laws.

Soma, du bist der glänzende Bulle, du Gott, der Bulle wie ein Bulle wirkend; du, der Bulle, hast die Bräuche eingesetzt.

Du, Soma, bist ein lichter Stier, ein Stier, o Gott, mit Stieres Werk, Als Stier empfängst du die Gebühr.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब परमात्मा के गुणों का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् ! (द्युमान्) आप दीप्तिमान् (असि)हैं(वृषा) तथा सब कामनाओं की वर्षा करनेवाले हैं। (देव) हे देव ! आप (वृषव्रतः) अर्थात् आनन्द की वृष्टिरूप शील को धारण किये हुए हैं तथा उपासकों के हृदयों को (वृषा) स्नेह सेसिञ्चनकरते हैं (वृषा धर्माणि दधिषे) और वर्षणशील धर्मों को धारण किये हुए हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप नित्य शुद्ध-बुद्ध-मुक्त-स्वभाव हैं और आपकी मर्यादा में ही सब लोक-लोकान्तर स्थिर हैं। आप अपनी धर्ममर्यादा में हमको भी स्थिर कीजिये॥१॥

अथ परमात्मनो गुणा वर्ण्यन्ते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! त्वं (द्युमानसि) दीप्तिमानसि। तथा (वृषा) समस्ताभीष्टवर्षकोऽसि। तथोपासकानां हृदयानि (वृषा) स्नेहेन सिञ्चसि। (देव) हे दिव्यगुणसम्पन्न ! भवान् (वृषव्रतः) आनन्दवर्षणशीलं ददाति। (वृषा धर्माणि दधिषे) तथा वर्षणशीलधर्मधारकोऽस्ति ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

वृ᳓ष्णस् ते वृ᳓ष्णियं श᳓वो
वृ᳓षा व᳓नं वृ᳓षा म᳓दः
सत्यं᳓ वृषन् वृ᳓षे᳓द् असि

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
śávaḥ ← śávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣṇyam ← vŕ̥ṣṇya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mádaḥ ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vánam ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ít ← ít (invariable)

satyám ← satyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣan ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

वृष्णः॑ । ते॒ । वृष्ण्य॑म् । शवः॑ । वृषा॑ । वन॑म् । वृषा॑ । मदः॑ ।
स॒त्यम् । वृ॒ष॒न् । वृषा॑ । इत् । अ॒सि॒ ॥

• vṛṣṇas ← vṛṣṇaḥ ← vṛṣan
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• vṛṣṇyaṃ ← vṛṣṇyam ← vṛṣṇya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• śavo ← śavaḥ ← śavas
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; superiority.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vanaṃ ← vanam ← vana
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• madaḥ ← mada
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• satyaṃ ← satyam ← satya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “truth; oath; satya [word]; promise.”

• vṛṣan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣed ← vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣed ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

हे वृषन् कामानां वर्षक सोम वृष्णः वर्षितुः ते तव शवः बलं वृष्ण्यं वर्षणशीलं भवति । वनं तव भजनमपि वृषा वर्षणशीलम् । मदः तव रसोऽपि वृषा वर्षणशीलः । सत्यं सत्यमेव त्वं वृषेत् वर्षणशील एव असि भवसि ॥

English translation:

“O sprinkler, the strengh of you the sprinkler consists in sprinkling, your worship consists in sprinkling, your juice consists in sprinkling; you truly are always the sprinkler.”

Of you, the bull, bullish is the strength; your wooden (cup) is a bull, your exhilarating drink a bull.
In truth, o bull, you are really a bull. ᳓

Steer-strong thy might is as a steer’s, steerstrong thywood, steer-like thy drink
A Steer indeed, O Steer, art thou.

Dein, des Bullen, Kraft ist bullenhaft, bullenhaft ist das Holz, bullenhaft dein Rausch. Wahrhaftig, du bist ein Bulle, o Bulle.

Dir Stier ist eigen Stieres Kraft, ein Stier die Flut, ein Stier der Rausch, Ein rechter Stier bist du, o Stier.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (वृष्णः) वर्षणशील (ते) आपका (मदः) आनन्द (वृषा) वर्षक है। तथा (ते) तुम्हारा (शवः) बल (वृष्ण्यं) वर्षणशील है और तुम्हारा (वृषा) वर्षणशील (सत्यं) सत्यस्वरूप (वनम्) भजन करने योग्य है और एकमात्र (वृषन्) वर्षक आप ही (असि) उपासना करने योग्य हैं॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में एकमात्र परमात्मा को उपास्यरूप से वर्णन किया गया है। तात्पर्य यह है कि ईश्वर से भिन्न सत्यादि गुणों का धाम अन्य कोई पदार्थ नहीं है॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृषन्) हे अभीष्टदायक परमात्मन् ! (वृष्णः) वर्षणशीलस्य (ते) तव (मदः) आनन्दः (वृषा) वर्षकः (शवः) बलं च (वृष्ण्यम्) वर्षणशीलं वर्तते। अथ च तव (वृषा) वर्षणशीलं (सत्यम्) सत्यस्वरूपं (वनम्) भजनीयमस्ति। तथा एकः (वृषेत्) वर्षको भवानेव (असि) उपासनीयोऽस्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓श्वो न᳓ चक्रदो वृ᳓षा
सं᳓ गा᳓ इन्दो स᳓म् अ᳓र्वतः
वि᳓ नो राये᳓ दु᳓रो वृधि

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
áśvaḥ ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

cakradaḥ ← √krand- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

árvataḥ ← árvant- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sám ← sám (invariable)

sám ← sám (invariable)

dúraḥ ← dvā́r- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

rāyé ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

vr̥dhi ← √vr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

अश्वः॑ । न । च॒क्र॒दः॒ । वृषा॑ । सम् । गाः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । सम् । अर्व॑तः ।
वि । नः॒ । रा॒ये । दुरः॑ । वृ॒धि॒ ॥

• aśvo ← aśvaḥ ← aśva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• cakrado ← cakradaḥ ← krand
• [verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
• “roar; neigh; cry; howl; shout.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• gā ← gāḥ ← go
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• arvataḥ ← arvant
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “horse.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• rāye ← rai
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• duro ← duraḥ ← dvār
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “door; means.”

• vṛdhi ← vṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

हे इन्दो सोम वृषा त्वम् अश्वो न अश्व इव सं चक्रदः संक्रन्दसे । अपि च गाः पशून् अर्वतः अश्वांश्चास्मभ्यं सं प्रयच्छसीति शेषः। किंच नः अस्माकं राये धनाय दुरः द्वाराणि वि वृधि विवृतानि कुरु ॥

English translation:

“Indu, the sprinkler, you nigh like a horse; you give us cattle, you give us horses; open the doors for our wealth.”

You, the bull, whinny like a horse. Sur(round) the cows, sur(round) the steeds, o drop;
open up the doors for wealth for us.

As noted above, the bull theme gets suddenly muted in this vs.; in compensation, as it were, other animals are introduced: a horse (a), cows and steeds (b).

Opinions vary on how to render the first two pādas, in part because of uncertainty about the verb cakradaḥ. Given the immediately preceding simile áśvo ná, the verb should be intransitive in the sense ‘roar, whinny’; this matches the usage of the simple thematic (aor.?) krada- in passages like IX.97.28 áśvo ná krado vŕ̥ṣabhir yujānáḥ “Like a horse you whinny on being yoked by the bulls.” However, the b pāda, sáṃ gā́ḥ … sám árvataḥ, with two acc. pl.s makes problems. Geldner jury-rigs what we might call a semi-transitive usage of the verb with sám, “zusammenbrüllen” (‘roar [smtg] together’)(see also Ober I.518), while registering the intransitive usage in the simile parenthetically: “Wie ein Ross (wiehernd) sollst du, der Bulle, uns Rinder und Rennpferde zusammen brüllen (brausen).” Despite the precarious nature of this solution, it may be the best one available, and I would entertain an alternative tr. “You the bull roar like a horse, (roaring) together cows and steeds.” I adopt a similar one in the published translation for the very similar passage IX.90.4 sáṃ cikrado mahó asmábhyaṃ vā́jān, with the variant stem cikrada-, also cited by Geldner and Renou, though I am not certain I subscribe to that now (see comm. ad loc.). By contrast, Renou clearly takes cakradaḥ as a trans./caus. redupl. aor.: “Tel un cheval, fais mugir ensemble … les vaches … ensemble (fais hennir) les coursiers.” However, the clear intrans. sense of krada- with the simile in the parallel passage cited above speaks against the caus. usage; moreover, as disc. at length in my -áya-book (110-11), neither cakrada- nor the redupl. aor. cikrada- with apparent “caus.” redupl. shows true transitive usage until the late RV; they also seem to be essentially interchangeable.

I have a different solution for this passage (though it won’t work for IX.90.4): it is of course a commonplace that the preverbs sám and ví form a complementary pair. Here I suggest that the standard lexeme ví √vṛ ‘uncover, open up’ found in c has given rise situationally to an opposing expression sám √vṛ ‘cover, surround’ in b, with the verb gapped (or rather anticipated: vṛdhi at the end of c). The bull is urged to deliver cows and horses to us by confining them. The proposed lexeme sám √vṛ does marginally exist; see I.121.15, with sám … varanta in intrans. value, as well as ppl. sáṃvṛta- (VIII.17.7). I thus read the verb cakradaḥ only with pāda a.

Thou, Indu, as a vigorous horse, hast neighed together steeds and kine:
Unbar for us the doors to wealth.

Wie ein Roß wiehernd sollst du, der Bulle, uns Rinder und Rennpferde zusammen-brüllen, brausen, o Saft. Öffne uns die Tore zum Reichtum!

O wiehere gleich wie ein Hengst uns Ross’ und Rinder, Indu, her, Des Reichthums Thore öffne uns.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप (अश्वो न) विद्युत्के समान (सं चक्रदः) शब्दों के देनेवाले हैं और (इन्दो) हे परमेश्वर ! आप (गाः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियों के (समर्वतः) और कर्मेन्द्रियों के (दुरः) द्वारों को (राये) ऐश्वर्यार्थ (नः) हमारे लिये (विवृधि) खोल दें॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा जिन पर कृपा करता है, उन पुरुषों की ज्ञानेन्द्रिय तथा कर्मेन्द्रिय की शक्तियों को बढ़ाता है। तात्पर्य यह है कि उद्योगी पुरुष वा यों कहो कि सत्कर्मी पुरुषों की शक्तियों को परमात्मा बढ़ाता है। आलसी और दुराचारियों की नहीं॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे जगदीश्वर ! (वृषा) वर्षको भवान् (अश्वो न) विद्युदिव [सं चक्रदः] शब्दप्रदोऽस्ति। (इन्दो) हे परमैश्वर्यसम्पन्न ! भवान् (गाः) ज्ञानेन्द्रियाणां तथा (समर्वतः) कर्मेन्द्रियाणां (दुरः) द्वाराणि (राये) ऐश्वर्याय (नः) अस्मदर्थं (विवृधि) उत्पाटयतु ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓सृक्षत प्र᳓ वाजि᳓नो
गव्या᳓ सो᳓मासो अश्वया᳓
शुक्रा᳓सो वीरया᳓श᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ásr̥kṣata ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

prá ← prá (invariable)

vājínaḥ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{gender:M}

aśvayā́ ← aśvayā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

gavyā́ ← gavyā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

sómāsaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

āśávaḥ ← āśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śukrā́saḥ ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vīrayā́ ← vīrayā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

असृ॑क्षत । प्र । वा॒जिनः॑ । ग॒व्या । सोमा॑सः । अ॒श्व॒ऽया ।
शु॒क्रासः॑ । वी॒र॒ऽया । आ॒शवः॑ ॥

• asṛkṣata ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• vājino ← vājinaḥ ← vājin
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• gavyā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “gorocanā.”

• somāso ← somāsaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• aśvayā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• śukrāso ← śukrāsaḥ ← śukra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

• vīrayāśavaḥ ← vīrayā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• vīrayāśavaḥ ← āśavaḥ ← āśu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

वाजिनः बलवन्तः शुक्रासः शुक्रा उज्ज्वला: आशवः वेगवन्तश्च सोमासः सोमाः गव्या गवेच्छया अश्वया अश्वेच्छया च वीरया पुत्रेच्छया च प्र असृक्षत ऋत्विग्भिः सृज्यन्ते ॥

English translation:

“The powerful, brilliant, rapid Soma-juices are effused in the hope of obtaining cattle, horses, and male offspring.”

They have surged forth—the prize-seeking soma juices—with a yen for cows and for horses,
with a yen for heroes—the swift clear ones.

In addition to the link to vs. 3 just mentioned, pāda c contains a clever echo of 2a.

That earlier pāda ends with the neut. s-stem śávaḥ ‘strength’; 4c ends vīrayā́śávaḥ, to be analyzed as two words vīrayā́āśávaḥ “with a yen for heroes the swift ones,” the latter being the nom. pl. m. of the adj. āśú-. But the final + initial vowels have entirely coalesced, and given the accentuation of both words and the underlying long final vowel of the first word, they could have been split vīrayā́*śávaḥ with the latter entirely matching the independent sstem form in 2a.

Out of desire of cows and steeds and horses. potent Soma-drops,
Brilliant and swift, have been effused.

Die preisgewinnenden Renner wurden losgelassen, die Somasäfte, im Verlangen nach Rindern und Rossen, die klaren Renner in Erwartung des Helden.

Voll Gier nach Rind und Ross und Mann sind Somatränke ausgeströmt, Die raschen, starken, glänzenden.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमासः) सौम्य स्वभाववाला (वाजिनः) बलरूप (अश्वया) गतिशील तथा (गव्या) प्रकाशस्वरूप (शुक्रासः) ज्ञानस्वरूप (वीरया) वीरों को उत्पन्न करनेवाले (आशवः) गतिशील परमात्मा को उपासक लोग (प्रासृक्षत) अपना उपास्य बनाते हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि हे मनुष्यों ! तुम लोग उक्त गुणसम्पन्न परमात्मा को अपना उपास्य बनाओ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमासः) सौम्यस्वभाववान् (वाजिनः) बलरूपः (अश्वया) गतिशीलस्तथा (गव्या) प्रकाशरूपः (शुक्रासः) ज्ञानस्वरूपः (वीरया) वीरोत्पादकः पुरुषः (आशवः) गतिशीलं परमात्मानमुपासकाः (प्रासृक्षत) उपासते ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

शुम्भ᳓माना ऋतायु᳓भिर्
मृज्य᳓माना ग᳓भस्तियोः
प᳓वन्ते वा᳓रे अव्य᳓ये

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
r̥tāyúbhiḥ ← r̥tāyú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

śumbhámānāḥ ← √śubh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

gábhastyoḥ ← gábhasti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:DU}

mr̥jyámānāḥ ← √mr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

avyáye ← avyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pávante ← √pū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vā́re ← vā́ra- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

शु॒म्भमा॑नाः । ऋ॒त॒युऽभिः॑ । मृ॒ज्यमा॑नाः । गभ॑स्त्योः ।
पव॑न्ते । वारे॑ । अ॒व्यये॑ ॥

• śumbhamānā ← śumbhamānāḥ ← śubh
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “look; shine; beautify.”

• ṛtāyubhir ← ṛtāyubhiḥ ← ṛtāyu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• mṛjyamānā ← mṛjyamānāḥ ← mṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• gabhastyoḥ ← gabhasti
• [noun], locative, dual, masculine
• “beam; hand; sun.”

• pavante ← pū
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• vāre ← vāra
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “strainer.”

• avyaye ← avyaya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sheep.”

ऋतायुभिः यज्ञकामैः शुम्भमानाः अलंक्रियमाणाः गभस्त्योः गभस्तिभ्यां बाहुभ्याम् । ‘ गभस्ती बाहू’ इति बाहुनामसु पाठात् । मृज्यमानाः शोध्यमानाः सोमाः अव्यये अविमये वारे वाले पवित्रे पवन्ते क्षरन्ति ॥ ॥ ३६ ॥

English translation:

“The (Soma-juices) beautified by those desirous of sacrifice, cleansed by their hands, flow through the woollen fleece.”

Being beautified by those who seek truth, being groomed in the two hands, they purify themselves in the sheep’s fleece. ᳓

They purified in both the hands, made beautiful by holy men,
Flow onward to the fleecy cloth.

Schön gemacht von den Frommen, zwischen den Händen geputzt, läutern sie sich im Schafhaar.

Sie rieseln hin aufs Widderhaar, von frommen Männern ausgeschmückt, Mit beiden Armen schön geklärt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शुम्भमानाः) सबभूषणों का भूषक (मृज्यमानाः) सबको शुद्ध करनेवाला (गभस्त्योः) प्रकाशस्वरूप (वारे) वरणीय पदार्थों में (अव्यये) अव्ययरूप से जो विराजमान है, ऐसा परमात्मा (ऋतायुभिः) सचाई को चाहनेवाले लोगों से उपासना किया हुआ परमात्मा (पवन्ते) उनको पवित्र करता है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग सत्य के अभिलाषी हैं, उनको परमात्मा सदैव पवित्र करता है। क्योंकि परमात्मा भक्तों पर और सत्याभिलाषियों पर अपनी कृपा करके उनका उद्धार करता है॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शुम्भमानाः) भूषणभूषकः (मृज्यमानाः) सर्वपवित्रकारी (गभस्त्योः) प्रकाशस्वरूपः (वारे) वरणीयपदार्थेषु (अव्यये) अव्ययरूपेण विराजमानः परमात्मा (ऋतायुभिः) सत्यप्रियैः उपासितः (पवन्ते) तान् पवित्रयति ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ते᳓ वि᳓श्वा दाशु᳓षे व᳓सु
सो᳓मा दिव्या᳓नि पा᳓र्थिवा
प᳓वन्ताम् आ᳓न्त᳓रिक्षिया

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dāśúṣe ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vásu ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

divyā́ni ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

pā́rthivā ← pā́rthiva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

sómāḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

antárikṣyā ← antárikṣya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

pávantām ← √pū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ते । विश्वा॑ । दा॒शुषे॑ । वसु॑ । सोमाः॑ । दि॒व्यानि॑ । पार्थि॑वा ।
पव॑न्ताम् । आ । अ॒न्तरि॑क्ष्या ॥

• te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• dāśuṣe ← dāś
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “sacrifice; give.”

• vasu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

• somā ← somāḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• divyāni ← divya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• pārthivā ← pārthiva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “earthly; earthen; mundane; royal; tellurian; sublunar.”

• pavantām ← pū
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• āntarikṣyā ← āntarikṣa
• [noun], ablative, plural, neuter
• “celestial.”

ते सोमाः दिव्यानि दिवि भवानि पार्थिवा पार्थिवानि पृथिव्यां संभूतानि च अन्तरिक्ष्या अन्तरिक्ष्याणि अन्तरिक्षे जातानि च विश्वा विश्वानि वसु वसूनि धनानि दाशुषे हविषां प्रदात्रे यजमानाय आ पवन्तां क्षरन्तु ॥

English translation:

“May those Soma-juices pour forth for the offerer (of libations) all the treasures of heaven and earth and of the firmament.”

All goods for the pious—heavenly, earthly, and those of the midspace— let these soma juices bring in purifying themselves.

The preverb ā́that turns páva- into a quasi-transitive “bring by purifying oneself” immediately follows the verb, allowing pávantām to take a position matching. that of pávante in 5c and pávamānasya in 7a.

These Soma juices shall pour forth all treasures for the worshipper
From heaven and earth and firmament.

Diese Soma´s sollen dem Opferspender alle Schätze, die himmlischen, irdischen und die in der Luft zuläutern!

Die Soma’s mögen alles Gut der Erd’, des Himmels und der Luft Zurieseln dem Verehrenden.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ते सोमाः) पूर्वोक्त गुणसम्पन्न परमात्मा (दिव्यानि)द्युलोक के (पार्थिवा) पृथिवीलोक के (अन्तरिक्ष्या) अन्तरिक्षलोक के (विश्वा) सब(वसु) धन (दाशुषे) जिज्ञासु वेदानुयायियों को (आ पवन्ताम्) दें॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा की आज्ञा का पालन करते हैं, परमात्मा उनको सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य प्रदान करता है॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ते सोमाः) प्रागुक्तगुणसम्पन्नः परमात्मा (दिव्यानि) द्युलोकभवानि (पार्थिवा) पृथिवीस्थानि (अन्तरिक्ष्या) अन्तरिक्षभवानि (विश्वा) सम्पूर्णानि (वसु) धनानि (दाशुषे) वेदानुयायिभ्यः (आ पवन्ताम्) ददातु ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमानस्य विश्ववित्
प्र᳓ ते स᳓र्गा असृक्षत
सू᳓र्यस्येव न᳓ रश्म᳓यः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
pávamānasya ← √pū- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

viśvavit ← viśvavíd- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

asr̥kṣata ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

prá ← prá (invariable)

sárgāḥ ← sárga- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

raśmáyaḥ ← raśmí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

पव॑मानस्य । वि॒श्व॒ऽवि॒त् । प्र । ते॒ । सर्गाः॑ । अ॒सृ॒क्ष॒त॒ ।
सूर्य॑स्यऽइव । न । र॒श्मयः॑ ॥

• pavamānasya ← pū
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• viśvavit ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvavit ← vid
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “conversant(p); aware(p); enlightened; understanding.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• sargā ← sargāḥ ← sarga
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Creation; metempsychosis; discharge; torrent; birth; undertaking.”

• asṛkṣata ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• sūryasyeva ← sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• sūryasyeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• raśmayaḥ ← raśmi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

हे विश्ववित् विश्वस्य द्रष्टः सोम पवमानस्य क्षरतः ते तव सर्गाः सृज्यमाना धाराः सूर्यस्येव रश्मयः सूर्यस्य किरणा इव प्रकाशमानाः । न इति संप्रत्यर्थे । इदानीं प्र असृक्षत प्रसृज्यन्ते ॥

English translation:

“All-beholding Soma, your streams as you are being purified are sent forth like the rays of the sun at present.”

O you who find [/know] all, of you purifying yourself the surges have surged forth,
like the rays of the sun.

The root noun cmpd viśva-víd-, like other -víd- cmpds, is completely ambiguous between ‘knowing all’ and ‘finding all’ (for viśvavíd- itself see Scarlatta 489 and more generally 480-93). In this context, given Soma’s bestowal of “all goods” (víśvā … vásu) in the previous vs. (6a), as well as Soma’s journey to all forms in 8b, ‘all-finding’ seems preferable.

The simile in c, sū́ryasyeva ná ráśmayaḥ, is redundantly marked, with adjacent simile particles iva ná. There is no structural reason for this; it must result from the attempt to fit the simile sū́ryasyeva raśmáyaḥ found elsewhere in trimeter verse (see nearby IX.69.6, also I.135.9, V.55.3, X.91.4) into a dimeter line. Or, to be more precise, to accommodate the fact that when a form of sū́rya- opens a vs. line, it does not show distraction to sū́r i ya-, in order to avoid placing a light syllable in 2nd position. In a dimeter line, in which this simile has to occupy the whole pāda, the failure to distract produces a 7-syllable line, and so ná was presumably added to fill the gap in the line. In a trimeter line that has the simile in initial position (with undistracted sū́ryasyeva), further material can be added at the end (so I.135.9, IX.69.6), and in a trimeter line where the simile follows the caesura, sū́ryasyeva can be distracted (so V.55.3, X.91.4) in that position.

The streams of Pavamana, thine, Finder of all, have been effused,
Even as Surya’s rays of light.

Deine, des Pavamana Güsse, sind ausgegossen wie die Strahlen der Sonne, du Allwissender.

Allweiser, dein, des flammenden, Ergüsse sind hervorgeströmt Gleich wie der Sonne Strahlenschar.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्ववित्) हे सम्पूर्ण संसार के जाननेवाले परमात्मन् ! (पवमानस्य) सबको पवित्र करनेवाले (ते) तुम्हारी (सर्गाः) सृष्टियें (प्रासृक्षत) जो रची गई हैं, वे (सूर्यस्येव) सूर्य की (रश्मयः) किरणों के समान (न) इस काल में शोभा को प्राप्त हो रही हैं॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के कोटि-कोटि ब्रह्माण्ड सूर्य की रश्मियों के समान देदीप्यमान हो रहे हैं। तात्पर्य यह है कि जिस प्रकार सूर्य अपनी ज्योति से अनन्त ब्रह्माण्डों को प्रकाशित करता है, उस प्रकार अन्य भी तेजोमय ब्रह्माण्ड लोक-लोकान्तरों को प्रकाश करनेवाले परमात्मा की रचना में अनन्त हैं। इसी अभिप्राय से वेद में अन्यत्र भी कहा है कि “को अद्धा वेद क इह प्रवोचत्” इत्यादि मन्त्रों में यह वर्णन किया है कि परमात्मा की रचनाओं के अन्त को कौन जान सकता है और कौन इसको पूर्णरूप से कथन कर सकता है॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्ववित्) हे संसारज्ञ परमात्मन् ! (पवमानस्य) सर्वपवित्रयितः (ते) तव (सर्गाः) सृष्टयः याः (प्र असृक्षत) रचिताः सन्ति ताः (सूर्यस्येव रश्मयः) रवेः किरणा इव (न) सम्प्रति शोभन्ते ॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

केतुं᳓ कृण्व᳓न् दिव᳓स् प᳓रि
वि᳓श्वा रूपा᳓भि᳓ अर्षसि
समुद्रः᳓ सोम पिन्वसे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

ketúm ← ketú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇván ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pári ← pári (invariable)

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

arṣasi ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rūpā́ ← rūpá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

pinvase ← √pinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

samudráḥ ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

के॒तुम् । कृ॒ण्वन् । दि॒वः । परि॑ । विश्वा॑ । रू॒पा । अ॒भि । अ॒र्ष॒सि॒ ।
स॒मु॒द्रः । सो॒म॒ । पि॒न्व॒से॒ ॥

• ketuṃ ← ketum ← ketu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”

• kṛṇvan ← kṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• divas ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• rūpābhy ← rūpā ← rūpa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “form; appearance; beauty; look; shape; shape; symptom; feature; nature; guise; rūpa [word]; one; appearance; likeness; color; kind; vowel; type; disguise; aspect; form; derivative; omen; vision.”

• rūpābhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• arṣasi ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run.”

• samudraḥ ← samudra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pinvase ← pinv
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “swell; swell; overflow; abound.”

हे सोम समुद्रः । समुद्द्रवन्ति यस्माद्रसाः स समुद्रः। स त्वं केतुं प्रज्ञानं कृण्वन् कुर्वन् अस्माकं विश्वा विश्वानि रूपा रूपाणि दिवः अन्तरिक्षात् अभ्यर्षसि अभिपवसे । पिन्वसे नानाविधानि धनानि चास्मभ्यं प्रयच्छसि ॥

English translation:

“Soma, you who are the ocean, bestowing knowledge, have from heaven to all our various forms, and bestow (variouskinds of wealth on us).”

Making a beacon, from heaven you rush toward all forms.
O Soma, you swell as the sea.

As noted above, it’s quite possible, even likely, that the beacon in pāda a is a reference to the sun and therefore another assimilation of Soma to the Sun, as is more explicit in vss. 7 and 9. For the association between ketú- and the sun, cf., e.g., VII.63.2 ketúḥ … sū́ryasya. Lüders (702) suggests rather that the ketú- is lightning, without argument.

Geldner renders b as “… rinnst du … alle Farben annehmend”; similar Lüders (702) “strömst du vom Himmel her in alle Erscheinungsformen.” But the acc. with abhí √ṛṣ is always a goal (to choose just one example, cf. nearby IX.62.3 abhy àrṣanti suṣṭutím “they rush towards the lovely praise-hymn”), and I don’t see where (or why) they get their alternative interpr. By my interpr. the “all forms” to which the soma rushes could be the materials the soma will be mixed with (water, milk), or everything found on the ritual ground, or indeed everything on earth and in the midspace, the “all goods” of vs. 6.

Making the light that shines from heaven thou flowest on to every form
Soma, thou swellest like a sea.

Dein Banner aufsteckend rinnst du vom Himmel, alle Farben annehmend. Wie das Meer schwillst du an, o Soma.

Vom Himmel Licht erzeugend strömst du alle Herrlichkeit herbei, Du schwillst, o Soma, als ein Meer.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् ! (दिवस्परि)द्युलोक केऊपर (केतुं कृण्वन्) सूर्य तथा चन्द्रमा को आपने केतुरूप बनाया है और (विश्वा रूपा) सम्पूर्ण रूपों को (अभ्यर्षसि) पवित्र बनाया है। जिससे सब आनन्द मिलते हैं, उसका नाम यहाँ समुद्र है, (पिन्वसे) वह आप सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्यों को हमारे लिये देते हैं॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा ने अपनी रचना में सूर्य तथा चन्द्रमा को प्रकाश के केतु बनाकर संसार की शोभा को बढ़ाया है और आनन्द का सागर होने से परमात्मा का नाम समुद्र है॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दिवस्परि) द्युलोकादुपरि (सोम) सौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् ! (केतुं कृण्वन्) सूर्यचन्द्रौ केतुरूपौ भवता रचितौ। अथ च (विश्वा रूपा) समस्तरूपाणि (अभ्यर्षसि) पवित्राणि कृतानि (समुद्रः) समुद्द्रवन्ति रसा यस्मादिति समुद्रः, यस्मादानन्दोपलब्धिः स भवान् (पिन्वसे) सर्वविधैश्वर्याणि मह्यं वितरति ॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

हिन्वानो᳓ वा᳓चम् इष्यसि
प᳓वमान वि᳓धर्मणि
अ᳓क्रान् देवो᳓ न᳓ सू᳓रियः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
hinvānáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iṣyasi ← √iṣ- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vā́cam ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pávamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vídharmaṇi ← vídharman- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

ákrān ← √krand- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

deváḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sū́ryaḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

हि॒न्वा॒नः । वाच॑म् । इ॒ष्य॒सि॒ । पव॑मान । विऽध॑र्मणि ।
अक्रा॑न् । दे॒वः । न । सूर्यः॑ ॥

• hinvāno ← hinvānaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• vācam ← vāc
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

• iṣyasi ← iṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

• pavamāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• vidharmaṇi ← vidharman
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “receptacle; enclosure.”

• akrān ← krand
• [verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “roar; neigh; cry; howl; shout.”

• devo ← devaḥ ← deva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sūryaḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

हे पवमान सोम हिन्वानः प्रेर्यमाणस्त्वं वाचं शब्दम् इष्यसि प्रेरयसि । कदेत्यत्राह । यदा तव रसः सूर्यः देवो न देव इव विधर्मणि विधारके पवित्रे अक्रान् अक्रमीत् तदेत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Purified Soma, when sent forth you utter a cry (when your juice) like the sun god passed through the supporting (filter).”

Yourself being impelled, you send out your speech, you who purify yourself at your expansion.
You have roared like the Sun-god.

Pāda b, pávamāna vídharmaṇi, is found three times (here, IX.4.9, and IX.100.7) in three different syntactic contexts, so this has to be the constituency: the voc. plus the loc. Renou takes the ‘speech’ (vā́cam) from pāda a as the implicit subject of vídharmaṇi (“pour qu’elle se répande au loin”), but because speech is lacking in the other occurrences of the pāda, this cannot be correct. Most helpful for the interpr. is the fuller expression in IX.86.30 (also adduced by Ober II.152) tvám pavítre rájaso vídharmaṇi … pavamāna pūyase “You, selfpurifying soma, are purified in the filter, in the spreading expanse of space …,” where the spread of the soma liquid across the fleece filter is compared to the spread (probably of light) in cosmic space (rájas-).

The simile in the third pāda, ákrān devó ná sū́ryaḥ “you have roared like the Sungod,” is abrupt in its imagery, in that roaring is not the first quality we associate with the sun. There are several ways to account for the phraseology. In Oldenberg’s view (fld by Lüders 258), the shared quality of Soma and Sun is not expressed by the verb, which is independent of the simile. This independence would be comparable to that found in the preceding hymn, IX.63.13, where the same simile (sómo devó ná sū́ryaḥ) is found, with a different but equally incompatible verb phrase ádribhiḥ … sutáḥ “pressed by stones,” which is certainly not true of the Sun. This is the easiest solution. Geldner (n. 9c) suggests rather that it’s a condensed comparison to the Sun’s horse (sim. Ober I.224). In my view, Oldenberg’s interpr. is strictly correct, but I think the poet, by juxtaposing the simile with an apparently inappropriate verb, is forcing the striking image of a roaring Sun, which both works as a kind of synaesthesia (the intense brightness of the sun is experienced as intense noise) and imposes a third intermediate term, a horse or bull, to which both the Sun and Soma are compared.

Urged on thou sendest out thy voice, O Pavamana; thou hast moved,
Like the God Surya, to the sieve.

Zur Eile getrieben entsendest du die Stimme, o Pavamana, wenn du dich ausbreitest; du hast gewiehert wie der Gott Surya.

Entsandt erhebst du den Gesang, o rieselnder, du wiehertest Am Himmel wie der Sonnengott.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (सूर्यः) सूर्य के (न) समान (देवः) आप प्रकाशस्वरूप हैं और (विधर्मणि) सब अधिकरणों का (अक्रान्) आप अतिक्रमण करते हैं। (पवमान) सबको पवित्र करते हुए (वाचमिष्यसि) आप वेदरूपी वाणी की इच्छा करते हैं। (हिन्वानः) आप सर्वप्रेरक हैं॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में सूर्य का दृष्टान्त देकर परमात्मा का स्वतः प्रकाश वर्णन किया है ॥ यद्यपि वास्तव में सूर्य स्वतःप्रकाश नहीं है, तथापि लोक की प्रसिद्धि से सूर्य को स्वतःप्रकाश मानकर यहाँ सूर्य का दृष्टान्त दिया गया है। वास्तव में परमात्मा निरपेक्ष स्वतःप्रकाश है॥९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (सूर्यः न) सूर्य इव (देवः) भवान् प्रकाशस्वरूपोऽस्ति। अथ च (विधर्मणि) सर्वाधिकरणानि (अक्रान्) अतिक्राम्यसि (पवमान) समस्तान् पवित्रयन् (वाचमिष्यसि) त्वं वेदवाणीमिच्छसि। अथ च (हिन्वानः) सर्वप्रेरकोऽसि ॥९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ᳓न्दुः पविष्ट चे᳓तनः
प्रियः᳓ कवीना᳐᳓म् मती᳓
सृज᳓द् अ᳓श्वं रथी᳓र् इव

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
cétanaḥ ← cétana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índuḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

paviṣṭa ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

kavīnā́m ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

matī́ ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

priyáḥ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

áśvam ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

rathī́ḥ ← rathī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sr̥ját ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

इन्दुः॑ । प॒वि॒ष्ट॒ । चेत॑नः । प्रि॒यः । क॒वी॒नाम् । म॒ती ।
सृ॒जत् । अश्व॑म् । र॒थीःऽइ॑व ॥

• induḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• paviṣṭa ← pū
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• cetanaḥ ← cetana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “noteworthy; remarkable; memorable; conspicuous; conscious; sentient.”

• priyaḥ ← priya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• kavīnām ← kavi
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• matī ← mati
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

• sṛjad ← sṛjat ← sṛj
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• aśvaṃ ← aśvam ← aśva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• rathīr ← rathīḥ ← rathī
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

चेतनः प्रज्ञापकः प्रियः देवानां प्रीतिकरः इन्दुः सोमः कवीनां क्रान्तकर्मणां स्तोतॄणां मती मत्या स्तुत्या पविष्ट पवते । अश्वं हयं रथीरिव रथीव ऊर्मिं सृजत् सृजति च ॥ ॥ ३७॥

English translation:

“Indu the enlightener, beloved (of the gods), flows forth at the praise of the sages; he lets loose (his wave) as a charioteer his horse.”

The drop has become purified, the conspicuous dear one, by the thought of the poets.
Like a charioteer his horse, it has released (its wave), ᳓

Indu, Enlightener, Friend, hath been purified by the sages’ hymns:
So starts the charioteer his steed-

Der Saft hat sich merklich geläutert, der liebe durch des Sehers Dichtung. Er lasse wie der Wagenlenker das Roß, so seine Welle laufen;

Der liebe Indu riesle hell erglänzend durch der Sänger Lied, rasch, wie das Ross der Lenker treibt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दुः) परमात्मा स्वतःप्रकाश है।(पविष्ट) सबको पवित्र करनेवाला है (चेतनः) चिद्रूप है (कवीनां प्रियः) विद्वानों का प्रिय है। (मती) बुद्धिरूप है (अश्वम्) सर्वोपरि विद्युदादि शक्तियों को (सृजत्) रचा है और वह परमात्मा (रथीरिव) महारथी के समान तेजस्वी होकर विराजमान है॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा को चेतनस्वरूप वर्णन करने के लिये चेतन शब्द स्पष्ट आया है। जो लोग यह कहा करते हैं कि वेद में परमात्मा को ज्ञानस्वरूप कहनेवाले शब्द नहीं आते, उनको इस मन्त्र से शिक्षा लेनी चाहिये॥१०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दुः) परमात्मा स्वयं प्रकाशशीलोऽस्ति। (पविष्ट) सर्वपवित्रकर्ता चास्ति। (चेतनः) अथ च चिद्रूपोऽस्ति (कवीनां प्रियः) विद्वज्जनानां प्रियः (मती) बुद्धिस्वरूपोऽस्ति (अश्वम्) सर्वोत्कृष्टविद्युदादिशक्तीः (सृजत्) अरचयत्। अथ च स परमात्मा (रथीरिव) महारथ इव तेजस्वी तिष्ठति ॥१०॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ऊर्मि᳓र् य᳓स् ते पवि᳓त्र आ᳓
देवावीः᳓ परिअ᳓क्षरत्
सी᳓दन्न् ऋत᳓स्य यो᳓निम् आ᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

pavítre ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

ūrmíḥ ← ūrmí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devāvī́ḥ ← devāvī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

paryákṣarat ← √kṣar- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sī́dan ← √sad- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ऊ॒र्मिः । यः । ते॒ । प॒वित्रे॑ । आ । दे॒व॒ऽअ॒वीः । प॒रि॒ऽअक्ष॑रत् ।
सीद॑न् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । योनि॑म् । आ ॥

• ūrmir ← ūrmiḥ ← ūrmi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “wave; billow.”

• yas ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• pavitra ← pavitre ← pavitra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• devāvīḥ ← devāvī
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• paryakṣarat ← parikṣar ← √kṣar
• [verb], singular, Imperfect

• sīdann ← sīdan ← sad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

हे सोम ते तव यः देवावीः देवकामः ऊर्मिः तरङ्गः ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य योनिं स्थानम् आ सीदन् पवित्रे पर्यक्षरत् परिक्षरति तमूर्मिं सृजतीति पूर्वत्र संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“Your wave which, devoted to the gods flows to the filter, alighting upon the plural ce of sacrifice.”

Your wave which, pursuing the gods, has streamed around in the filter, sitting on the womb of truth.

This vs. is entirely a rel. cl. and most comfortably adjoins vs. 10 (see comm. immed. above) - pace Lüders (603-4), who attaches 11 to 12.

Thy God-delighting wave which hath flowed to purifying seive,
Alighting in the home of Law.

Deine Welle, die göttereinladend auf der Seihe umgeflossen ist und sich auf den ordnungsgemäßen Schoß hingesetzt hat.

Mit deiner Welle, die ins Sieb, die Götter speisend, niederrann, Sich setzend auf des Opfers Schooss,

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे दिव्यस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (ते) तुम्हारे आनन्द की (ऊर्मिः) लहरें(यः) जो (देवावीः) दिव्य हैं, वे (पवित्रे) पवित्र अन्तःकरणों में (पर्यरक्षत्) सब ओर से बहती हैं। आप (ऋतस्य) सचाई के (योनिमासीदन्) धाम में निवास करते हैं॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा शुद्धअन्तःकरणवाले पुरुषों के हृदयों को अपनी सुधामयी वृष्टि से सिञ्चित कर देता है॥११॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विश्वकर्तः परमात्मन् ! (ते) तवानन्दाय (ऊर्मिः) तरङ्गाः (यः) ये (देवावीः) दिव्यास्ते (पवित्रे) पूतान्तःकरणेषु (पर्यक्षरत्) परितः प्रवहन्ति। भवान् (ऋतस्य) सत्यतायाः (योनिमासीदन्) स्थाने निवसति ॥११॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स᳓ नो अर्ष पवि᳓त्र आ᳓
म᳓दो यो᳓ देववी᳓तमः
इ᳓न्दव् इ᳓न्द्राय पीत᳓ये

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

arṣa ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pavítre ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devavī́tamaḥ ← devavī́tama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mádaḥ ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pītáye ← pītí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

सः । नः॒ । अ॒र्ष॒ । प॒वित्रे॑ । आ । मदः॑ । यः । दे॒व॒ऽवीत॑मः ।
इन्दो॒ इति॑ । इन्द्रा॑य । पी॒तये॑ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• arṣa ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “run.”

• pavitra ← pavitre ← pavitra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• mado ← madaḥ ← mada
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• devavītamaḥ ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devavītamaḥ ← vītamaḥ ← vītama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• indav ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pītaye ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

हे इन्दो यः त्वं देववीतमः अतिशयेन देवकामः मदः मदकरश्च भवसि सः त्वं नः अस्माकं पवित्रे इन्द्राय इन्द्रस्य पीतये पानाय आ अर्ष आपवस्व ॥

English translation:

“Indu, who are exhilarating and most devoted to the gods, hasten to the filter for Indra to drink.”

Rush into our filter, as the exhilarating drink that best pursues the gods, o drop, for Indra to drink. ᳓

Flow to our sieve, a gladdening draught that hath most intercourse with Gods,
Indu, to Indra for his drink.

Fließe du uns in der Seihe als der göttereinladendste Rauschtrank, o Saft, für Indra zum Trunke!

O Indu, ström’ in unser Sieb zum Trunk dem Indra, als der Trank, Der Göttern beste Labung bringt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमैश्वर्ययुक्त परमात्मन् ! (इन्द्राय पीतये) कर्मयोगी के तृप्ति के लिये आप (आ) सब ओर से (मदः) आनन्द की वृष्टिकरें। (यः) जो आनन्द (देववीतमः) देवताओं की तृप्ति करनेवाला है और (पवित्रे) पवित्र अन्तःकरणों में जिसका संचार होता है, (सः) उस आनन्द को (नः) हम लोगों को (अर्ष) दीजिये॥१२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा का वह आनन्द, जो देवताओं के लिये तृप्तिकारक है अर्थात् जिसके अधिकारी दिव्य गुणवाले सदाचारी पुरुष है, वह आनन्द केवल कर्मयोगी और ज्ञानयोगियों को ही उपलब्ध हो सकता है, अन्यों को नहीं। इसलिये सबको चाहिये कि कर्मयोगी और ज्ञानयोगी बनकर उस आनन्द की प्राप्ति का यत्न करें॥१२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे विविधगुणसम्पन्न परमात्मन् ! (इन्द्राय पीतये) कर्मयोगिनस्तृप्तये भवान् (आ) समन्तात् (मदः) आमोदस्य वृष्टिं करोतु। (यः) यो ह्यानन्दः (देववीतमः) देवानां तर्पकोऽस्ति। अथ च यस्य (पवित्रे) पवित्रान्तःकरणेषु सञ्चारो भवति (सः) तमानन्दं (नः) अस्मान् (अर्ष) देहि ॥१२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इषे᳓ पवस्व धा᳓रया
मृज्य᳓मानो मनीषि᳓भिः
इ᳓न्दो रुचा᳓भि᳓ गा᳓ इहि

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dhā́rayā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

iṣé ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

manīṣíbhiḥ ← manīṣín- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

mr̥jyámānaḥ ← √mr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ihi ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

rucā́ ← rúc- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

इ॒षे । प॒व॒स्व॒ । धार॑या । मृ॒ज्यमा॑नः । म॒नी॒षिऽभिः॑ ।
इन्दो॒ इति॑ । रु॒चा । अ॒भि । गाः । इ॒हि॒ ॥

• iṣe ← iṣ
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• dhārayā ← dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• mṛjyamāno ← mṛjyamānaḥ ← mṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• manīṣibhiḥ ← manīṣin
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “sage; expert; devout.”

• indo ← indoḥ ← indu
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• rucābhi ← rucā ← ruci
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “appetite; Ruci; ruc; relish; taste; gorocanā; fondness; Ruci; relish; beauty.”

• rucābhi ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• gā ← gāḥ ← go
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• ihi ← i
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

हे इन्दो सोम मनीषिभिः ऋत्विग्भिः मृज्यमानः शोध्यमानस्त्वम् इषे अस्माकमन्नाय धारया पवस्व क्षर । रुचा रोचमानेनान्धसा गाः पशून् अभि इहि अभिगच्छ॥

English translation:

“Cleansed by the priests, Indu, flow in a stream for (our) food; approach the cattle with food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ruc = food

For refreshment purify yourself in a stream, being groomed by the inspired ones.
O drop, with your light come toward the cows. ᳓

Flow onward with a stream for food, made beautiful by sapient men:
Indu with sheen approach the milk.

Läutere dich im Strome zum Genuß, von den Nachsinnenden geputzt; o Saft, geh mit deinem Glaste auf die Kühe los!

Zur Labung riesle hell im Strom, gereinigt von den kundigen, Geh, Indu, glänzend zu der Milch.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे ऐश्वर्ययुक्त परमात्मन् ! आप (इषे) ऐश्वर्य के लिये (पवस्व) हमको योग्य बनाएँ और (मनीषिभिः) बुद्धिमानों से (अभि मृज्यमानः) उपास्यमान आप (धारया) अपने आनन्द की वृष्टि से (गाः) हमारी इन्द्रियों को पवित्र करें। (रुचा) अपने प्रकाशस्वरूप से (इहि) आकर हमारे अन्तःकरण को पवित्र कीजिये॥१३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग शुद्ध अन्तःकरण से परमात्मा की उपासना करते हैं, परमात्मा उनकी शक्तियों को बढ़ाता है और उनकी इन्द्रियों को विमल करके ऐश्वर्यप्राप्ति के योग्य बनाता है॥१३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमैश्वर्यसम्पन्न परमात्मन् ! भवान् (इषे) ऐश्वर्यार्थं (पवस्व) सुयोग्यं करोतु। अथ च (मनीषिभिः) बुद्धिमद्भिः (अभि मृज्यमानः) उपास्यमानो भवान् (धारया) स्वानन्दवृष्ट्या (गाः) अस्मदिन्द्रियाणि पवित्रयतु। (रुचा) स्वप्रकाशस्वरूपेण (इहि) आगत्य ममान्तःकरणं पवित्रयतु ॥१३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

पुनानो᳓ व᳓रिवस् कृधि
ऊ᳓र्जं ज᳓नाय गिर्वणः
ह᳓रे सृजान᳓ आशि᳓रम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
kr̥dhi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

várivaḥ ← várivas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

girvaṇaḥ ← gírvaṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

jánāya ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

ū́rjam ← ū́rj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

āśíram ← āśír- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

háre ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sr̥jānáḥ ← √sr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

पु॒ना॒नः । वरि॑वः । कृ॒धि॒ । ऊर्ज॑म् । जना॑य । गि॒र्व॒णः॒ ।
हरे॑ । सृ॒जा॒नः । आ॒ऽशिर॑म् ॥

• punāno ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• varivas ← varivaḥ ← varivas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “room; varivas [word]; space; escape.”

• kṛdhy ← kṛdhī ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• ūrjaṃ ← ūrjam ← ūrj
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

• janāya ← jana
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• girvaṇaḥ ← girvaṇas
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• hare ← hari
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• sṛjāna ← sṛjānaḥ ← sṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• āśiram ← āśir
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “mixture.”

हे गिर्वणः गीर्भिर्वननीय हरे हरितवर्ण सोम आशिरं क्षीरं प्रति सृजानः विसृज्यमानः पुनानः पूयमानस्त्वं जनाय यजमानार्थं वरिवः धनम् ऊर्जम् अन्नं च कृधि कुरु ॥

English translation:

“Green-tinted (Soma) lauded by hymns,being dropped into the curds and milk and being purified, bestow wealth and food upon the worshipper.”

Becoming purified, make wide space and nourishment for the people, o you who long for song,
when you are released into the milk-mixture, o tawny one. ᳓

While thou art cleansed, Song-Lover, bring comfort and vigour to the folk,
Poured, Tawny One! on milk and curds.

Wenn du dich läuterst, so schaffe einen Ausweg, Stärkung dem Volke, du lobbegehrender Falbe, auf die Mischmilch losgelassen!

Gereinigt schaffe freien Raum und Kraft den Menschen, Liederfreund, Entsandt, o Ross, zum Milchgemisch.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरे) हे दुष्टों की शक्तियों को हरनेवाले परमात्मन् ! आप हमको (वरिवः) ऐश्वर्यसम्पन्न करें। (गिवर्णः) आप वैदिक वाणियों द्वारा उपासना करने योग्य हैं और (पुनानः) पवित्र करनेवाले हैं। आप संसार के लिये (आशिरम्) मङ्गल (सृजानः) करते हुए (जनाय) अपने भक्त के लिये (ऊर्जम्) बल (कृधि) करें॥१४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा दुष्टों की शक्तियों को हर लेता है और श्रेष्ठों को अभ्युदय दे करके बढ़ाता है ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरे) दुष्टशक्तिहारिन् हे परमात्मन् ! भवान् मां (वरिवः) ऐश्वर्यवन्तं करोतु। (गिर्वणः) भवान् वेदवाण्युपासनीयोऽस्ति। अथ च (पुनानः) पवितास्ति। भवान् लोकस्य (आशिरम्) मङ्गलं (सृजानः) कुर्वन् (जनाय) स्वभक्ताय (ऊर्जम्) बलं (कृधि) करोतु ॥१४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

पुनानो᳓ देव᳓वीतय
इ᳓न्द्रस्य याहि निष्कृत᳓म्
द्युतानो᳓ वाजि᳓भिर् यतः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
devávītaye ← devávīti- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

niṣkr̥tám ← niṣkr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yāhi ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dyutānáḥ ← √dyut- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

vājíbhiḥ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

yatáḥ ← √yam- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

पु॒ना॒नः । दे॒वऽवी॑तये । इन्द्र॑स्य । या॒हि॒ । निः॒ऽकृ॒तम् ।
द्यु॒ता॒नः । वा॒जिऽभिः॑ । य॒तः ॥

• punāno ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• devavītaya ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devavītaya ← vītaye ← vīti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine

• indrasya ← indra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• yāhi ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• niṣkṛtam ← niṣkṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “place; rendezvous.”

• dyutāno ← dyutānaḥ ← dyut
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “shine; inflame.”

• vājibhir ← vājibhiḥ ← vājin
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• yataḥ ← yam
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

हे सोम द्युतानः दीप्यमानः वाजिभिः बलिभिर्यजमानैः यतः संगृहीतः देववीतये यज्ञार्थं पुनानः पूयमानस्त्वम् इन्द्रस्य निष्कृतं स्थानं याहि गच्छ॥ ॥ ३८ ॥

English translation:

“Purified for the banquet of the gods, go to Indra’s station radiant, collected together by the vigorous (worshippers).”

Becoming purified for the pursuit of the gods, drive to your rendezvous with Indra,
flashing, guided by the prize-seekers. ᳓

Purified for the feast of Gods, go thou to Indra’s special place,
Resplendent, guided by the strong.

Dich läuternd zur Götterladung geh an des Indra Treffort, leuchtend, von den Preiskämpfen gelenkt!

Gereinigt geh zum Göttermahl dahin, wo du den Indra triffst, Gelenkt von Priestern, strahlender!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगी को (देववीतये) ब्रह्मप्राप्ति के लिये (याहि) प्राप्त हों।(यतः)क्योंकि आप (निष्कृतं द्युतानः) स्वाभाविक दीप्तिमान् हैं तथा (वाजिभिः) उपासक लोगों से उपासना किये जाते हैं और (पुनानः) सबको पवित्र करते हैं, इसलिये कर्मयोगी का लक्ष्य आप ही बनें॥१५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - कर्मयोगी यहाँ उपलक्षणमात्र है। तात्पर्य यह है कि कर्मयोगी तथा ज्ञानयोगी अथवा अन्य कोई उपासक हो, इन सबको एकमात्र ईश्वर की ही उपासना करनी चाहिये, किसी अन्य की नहीं॥१५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! भवान् (इन्द्रस्य) कर्मयोगिनः (देववीतये) ब्रह्मप्राप्तये (याहि) प्राप्तो भवतु (यतः) यस्मात् कारणात् त्वं (निष्कृतं द्युतानः) स्वाभाविकदीप्तिमानसि। तथा (वाजिभिः) उपासकैरुपास्यमानोऽसि। अथ च (पुनानः) सर्वान् पवित्रयसि। अतस्त्वमेव कर्मयोगिनो लक्ष्यतां प्राप्नुहि ॥१५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓ हिन्वाना᳓स इ᳓न्दवो
अ᳓छा समुद्र᳓म् आश᳓वः
धिया᳓ जूता᳓ असृक्षत

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
hinvānā́saḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)

ácha ← ácha (invariable)

āśávaḥ ← āśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

samudrám ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

asr̥kṣata ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

jūtā́ḥ ← √jū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

प्र । हि॒न्वा॒नासः॑ । इन्द॑वः । अच्छ॑ । स॒मु॒द्रम् । आ॒शवः॑ ।
धि॒या । जू॒ताः । अ॒सृ॒क्ष॒त॒ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• hinvānāsa ← hinvānāsaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• indavo ← indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• ‘cchā ← acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

• samudram ← samudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• āśavaḥ ← āśu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

• dhiyā ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• jūtā ← jūtāḥ ← jū
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “animate; encourage; impel; inspire.”

• asṛkṣata ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

आशवः वेगवन्तः इन्दवः सोमाः समुद्रम् अन्तरिक्षम् अच्छ प्रति हिन्वानासः हिन्वानाः प्रेर्यमाणाः धिया अङ्गुल्या जूताः कृष्टाश्च प्र असृक्षत सृज्यन्ते ।

English translation:

“The rapid Soma-juices being sent towards the firmament, are poured forth expressed by the fingers.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The firmament: samudram may mean the vasatīvarī waters

Being impelled forth, the swift drops,
sped by insightful thought, have surged to the sea. ᳓

Accelerated by the hymn, the rapid drops of Soma juice
Have flowed, urged onward, to the lake.

Die Somasäfte, die Renner, wurden, zur Eile getrieben, zum Meere losgelassen, durch die Kunst beschleunigt.

Die schnellen Rosse, angespornt, sind zu dem Meere vorgeströmt, Die Indu’s, durch Gebet beeilt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (धिया) संस्कृत बुद्धि से (जूताः) उपासना किया हुआ (आशवः) गतिशील (अच्छा) निर्मल परमात्मा (समुद्रम्) द्रवीभूत मन से (प्रासृक्षत) ध्यान को लक्ष्य बनाता है। उक्त परमात्मा (इन्दवः) सब प्रकार ऐश्वर्यवाला है तथा (हिन्वानासः) सबकी प्रेरणा करनेवाला है॥१६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सर्वप्रकाशक और सबका प्रेरक परमात्मा संयमी पुरुषों के ध्यान का विषय होता है, अन्यों के नहीं॥१६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (धिया) संस्कृतबुद्ध्या (जूताः) उपासितः (आशवः) गतिशीलः (अच्छ) निर्मलः परमात्मा (समुद्रम्) द्रवीभूते मनसि (प्रासृक्षत) ध्यानविषयो भवति। पूर्वोक्तः परमेश्वरः (इन्दवः) सर्वविधैश्वर्यवानस्ति। तथा (हिन्वानासः) सर्वप्रेरकोऽस्ति ॥१६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

मर्मृजाना᳓स आय᳓वो
वृ᳓था समुद्र᳓म् इ᳓न्दवः
अ᳓ग्मन्न् ऋत᳓स्य यो᳓निम् आ᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
āyávaḥ ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

marmr̥jānā́saḥ ← √mr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

samudrám ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ágman ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

म॒र्मृ॒जा॒नासः॑ । आ॒यवः॑ । वृथा॑ । स॒मु॒द्रम् । इन्द॑वः ।
अग्म॑न् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । योनि॑म् । आ ॥

• marmṛjānāsa ← marmṛjānāsaḥ ← marmṛj ← √mṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “groom; wash; rub.”

• āyavo ← āyavaḥ ← āyu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• samudram ← samudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• agmann ← agman ← gam
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

मर्मृजानासः मर्मृज्यमानाः आयवः गन्तारः इन्दवः सोमाः वृथा आयासं विनैव समुद्रम् अन्तरिक्षं गच्छन्ति । एतदेव दर्शयति । ऋतस्य उदकस्य योनिं स्थानम् अग्मन् गच्छन्तीति ॥

English translation:

“The swift Soma-juices being cleansed (go to) the firmament without an effort; they go to the abode of the water.”

Continually being groomed, the lively drops
have come at will to the sea, to the womb of truth. ᳓

Easily have the living drops, made beautiful, approached the lake,
Yea, to the place of sacrifice.

Geputzt sind die langlebigen Säfte ausgelassen zum Meere gegangen nach ihrem ordnungsgemäßen Schoße.

Die Indu’s, die gereinigten, die schnellen, sind voll Lust zum Meer Gegangen in des Opfers Schooss.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - उक्त परमात्मा (ऋतस्य योनिं) सत्यता के स्थान को (आ) भली-भाँति (अग्मन्) प्राप्त होता है। वह परमात्मा (मर्मृजानासः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाला है (आयवः) गतिशील है (इन्दवः) प्रकाशस्वरूप है तथा (वृथा समुद्रम्) अन्तरिक्ष में भी अनायास गमन करनेवाला है॥१७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - उक्त सर्वशक्तिसम्पन्न परमात्मा विना परिश्रम के ही अन्तरिक्षादि लोकों में गमन कर सकता है, अन्य नहीं॥१७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - पूर्वोक्तः परमात्मा (ऋतस्य योनिम्) सत्यतायाः स्थानं (आ) समन्तात् (अग्मन्) प्राप्नोति। स परमेश्वरः (मर्मृजानासः) सर्वपवित्रकर्तास्ति। अथ च (आयवः) गमनशीलोऽस्ति। (इन्दवः) प्रकाशस्वरूपस्तथा (वृथा समुद्रम्) अन्तरिक्षेऽप्यनायासेन गच्छति ॥१७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि णो याहि अस्मयु᳓र्
वि᳓श्वा व᳓सूनि ओ᳓जसा
पाहि᳓ नः श᳓र्म वीर᳓वत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asmayúḥ ← asmayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pári ← pári (invariable)

yāhi ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ójasā ← ójas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

vásūni ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pāhí ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śárma ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

vīrávat ← vīrávant- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

परि॑ । नः॒ । या॒हि॒ । अ॒स्म॒ऽयुः । विश्वा॑ । वसू॑नि । ओज॑सा ।
पा॒हि । नः॒ । शर्म॑ । वी॒रऽव॑त् ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• ṇo ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• yāhy ← yāhi ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• asmayur ← asmayuḥ ← asmayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• vasūny ← vasūni ← vasu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

• ojasā ← ojas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

• pāhi ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “protect; govern.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• śarma ← śarman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• vīravat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “rich in men.”

हे सोम अस्मयुः अस्मत्कामस्त्वं नः अस्माकं विश्वा विश्वानि वसूनि धनानि ओजसा बलेन सह परि याहि रक्षार्थं परिगच्छ । अपि च नः अस्माकं वीरवत् पुत्रवत् शर्म गृहं पाहि रक्ष ॥

English translation:

“Soma, who are devoted to us, guard all our treasures with your might; protect our home and offspring.”

Inclined toward us, encompass for us all goods with your strength. Protect for us a shelter full of heroes.

The opening of pāda a #pári no yāhi gets remixed into c #pāhi naḥ.

Compass about, our faithful Friend, all our possessions with thy might:
Guard, hero like, our sheltering home.

Alle Güter hole für uns ein mit deiner Kraft, uns zugetan! Schirme unseren männlichen Schutz!

Behütend geh, uns holdgesinnt, mit Kraft um alle Güter uns, Schirm unser männerreiches Haus.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (अस्मयुः) भक्तों को प्राप्त होनेवाले आप (नः) हम लोगों के (विश्वा) सम्पूर्ण (वसूनि) धनों को (ओजसा) बल के सहित (परियाहि) सब ओर से प्राप्त कराइये और (नः) हम लोगों के (वीरवत्)वीर पुत्रों की और (शर्म) शील की (पाहि) रक्षा कीजिये॥१८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग सदाचारी हैं और सदाचारी से अपने शील को बनाते हैं, परमात्माउनकी सदैव रक्षा करता है॥१८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (अस्मयुः) भक्तैः प्राप्तव्यो भवान् (नः) अस्माकं (विश्वा) सम्पूर्णानि (वसूनि) धनानि (ओजसा) सबलानि (परियाहि) सर्वतः प्रापयतु। अथ च (नः) अस्माकं (वीरवत्) वीरान् पुत्रान् (शर्म) शीलं च (पाहि) रक्षयतु ॥१८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

मि᳓माति व᳓ह्निर् ए᳓तशः
पदं᳓ युजान᳓ ऋ᳓क्वभिः
प्र᳓ य᳓त् समुद्र᳓ आ᳓हितः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
étaśaḥ ← étaśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mímāti ← √mā- 2 ~ mī- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

váhniḥ ← váhni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

padám ← padá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ŕ̥kvabhiḥ ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

yujānáḥ ← √yuj- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

ā́hitaḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

prá ← prá (invariable)

samudré ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

मिमा॑ति । वह्निः॑ । एत॑शः । प॒दम् । यु॒जा॒नः । ऋक्व॑ऽभिः ।
प्र । यत् । स॒मु॒द्रे । आऽहि॑तः ॥

• mimāti ← mā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “moo; howl.”

• vahnir ← vahniḥ ← vahni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”

• etaśaḥ ← etaśa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Etaśa; horse.”

• padaṃ ← padam ← pada
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

• yujāna ← yujānaḥ ← yuj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• ṛkvabhiḥ ← ṛkvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “singing.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• samudra ← samudre ← samudra
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• āhitaḥ ← ādhā ← √dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “put; conceive; ignite; keep; effect; fuel; lend; cover; direct.”

हे सोम यत् यदा यः वह्निः वहनशीलः एतशः अश्वः मिमाति शब्दं करोति ऋक्वभिः ऋत्विग्भिः स्तोतृभिः पदं यज्ञे युजानः निदधत् स्तोत्रश्रवणार्थमागच्छति च तदा स यज्ञवाहकाश्वात्मा त्वं समुद्रे उदके वसतीवरीषु प्र आहितः भवसि ॥

English translation:

“The horse of burden neighs, yoked to the sacrifice by the priests, when plural ced in the ocean.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Yat = yadā; thus, ‘when the horse of burden neighṣ.., then you who are the horse of burden of the sacrifice are plural ced in the vasatīvarī waters

Etaśa the draft-horse measures out his pace, being yoked by the
versifiers,
when he is deposited in the sea.

sī́dañ chyenó ná yónim ā́, as well as IX.96.23 śakunáḥ ná pátvā and with the pl.

VIII.21.5 sī́dantas te váyo yathā “sitting like birds” very similar to our passage. I suggest that birds are the underlying comparandum here as well, and that this underlying target is qualified by vanúṣaḥ ‘rapacious’, or, as I render it “raptor (birds).” This produces a more satisfying, or at least more interesting, simile than Renou’s “like devotées,” and it is constructed from readily available elements - though it does require more machinery.

Loud neighs the Courser Etasa, with singers, harnessed for the place,
Guided for travel to the lake.

Es brüllt das Zugroß Etasa von den Sängern angeschirrt, wenn er in den Ozean gesetzt den Schritt vorwärts tut.

Es brüllt das bunte Wagenross, von Sängern an den Platz geschirrt, Wenn es zum Meere ist entsandt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (ऋक्वभिः) ऋत्विक् लोगों से (यत्) जब (बुद्धिः) हवन की अग्नि (एतशः) जो दिव्यशक्तिसम्पन्न है (मिमाति) प्रज्वलित की जाती है, तब (युजानः) यज्ञ में युक्त होनेवाला परमात्मा, जो (समुद्रे) भक्तिभाव से नम्रीभूत अन्तःकरणों में (प्राहितः) स्थिर रहता है, वह (पदम्) अपने पद को धारण करता है॥१९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जब यज्ञ करते हैं, तब उनके नम्रीभूत अन्तःकरणों में परमात्मा निवास करता है। यज्ञ शब्द के अर्थ यहाँ उपासनात्मक यज्ञ के हैं। यों तो जपयज्ञ, योगयज्ञ, कर्मयज्ञ इत्यादि अनेक प्रकार के यज्ञों मेंयज्ञ शब्दआता है, जिनके करनेवाले ऋत्विक् कहलाते हैं, परन्तु यहाँ ऋत्विक् शब्द का अर्थ उपासक है। जो ऋतु में अर्थात् प्रकृति के प्रत्येक भाव में उपासना करते हैं, उनको यहाँ ऋत्विक् कहा गया है॥१९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (ऋक्वभिः) ऋत्विग्भिः (यत्) यदा (वह्निः) हवनीयाग्निः (एतशः) यो हि दिव्यशक्तिसम्पन्नोऽस्ति (मिमाति) प्रज्वलितः क्रियते तदा (युजानः) यज्ञप्रयुक्तः परमात्मा यो हि (समुद्रे) भक्त्या नम्रीभूतेऽन्तःकरणे (प्राहितः) स्थिरो भवति स परमात्मा (पदम्) स्वपदं दधाति ॥१९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ य᳓द् यो᳓निं हिरण्य᳓यम्
आशु᳓र् ऋत᳓स्य सी᳓दति
ज᳓हाति अ᳓प्रचेतसः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

hiraṇyáyam ← hiraṇyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

āśúḥ ← āśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sī́dati ← √sad- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ápracetasaḥ ← ápracetas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

jáhāti ← √hā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

आ । यत् । योनि॑म् । हि॒र॒ण्यय॑म् । आ॒शुः । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । सीद॑ति ।
जहा॑ति । अप्र॑ऽचेतसः ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• yoniṃ ← yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• hiraṇyayam ← hiraṇyaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “gold; aureate; hiraṇyaya [word].”

• āśur ← āśuḥ ← āśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• sīdati ← sad
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

• jahāty ← jahāti ← hā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “abandon; decrease; want; kill; deteriorate; get rid of; exclude; lose; avoid; remove; leave; abandon; neglect; leave; discard; apostatize; discontinue; weaken; abandon; assail; subtract; foreswear; pour away; withdraw; depart; reduce.”

• apracetasaḥ ← apracetas
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “anserine.”

यत् यदा आशुः वेगवान् सोमः ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य हिरण्ययं हिरण्मयं योनिं स्थानम् । ‘ हिरण्यपाणिरभिषुणोति’ इत्युक्तम्। आ सीदति तदानीम् अप्रचेतसः जहाति विसृजति । अस्तोतॄणां यज्ञं नाभिगच्छति किंतु स्तोतॄणामेव यज्ञमभिगच्छतीत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ ३९ ॥

English translation:

“When the swift (Soma) takes his plural ce on the golden seat of sacrifice, he abandons (the sacrifice) of the foolish man.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I.e., he does not approach the sacrifice of those who do not worship; he only approaches the sacrifice of worshippers

When the swift one sits on the golden womb of truth,
he leaves behind the undiscerning. ᳓

What time the Swift One resteth in the golden place of sacrifice,
He leaves the foolish far away.

Wenn der Rasche in seinen ordnungsgemäßen goldenen Schoß sich setzt, so verläßt er die Toren.

Wenn in des Opfers goldnen Schooss sich niederlässt das schnelle Ross, So lässt die Thoren es im Stich.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्) जब (आशुः) अतिवेग गतिशील परमात्मा (ऋतस्य हिरण्ययं योनिं) हिरण्मयी यज्ञवेदी को (आसीदति) प्राप्त होता है, तब (अप्रचेतसः)असमाहित लोगों के अन्तःकरणों को (जहाति) छोड़ देता है॥२०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - तात्पर्य यह है कि ज्ञान से प्रकाशित अन्तःकरणों को परमात्मा अपनी शक्ति से विभूषित करता है, अज्ञानावृत अन्तःकरणों को नहीं, इसीलिये यहाँ “अप्रेचतसः जहाति” यह लिखा है। वास्तव में परमात्मा न किसी स्थान को छोड़ता है, न पकड़ता है॥२०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्) यदा (आशुः) अन्त्यन्तगतिशीलो जगदीश्वरः (ऋतस्य हिरण्ययं योनिम्) हिरण्मयीं यज्ञवेदीं (आसीदति) प्राप्नोति तदा (अप्रचेतसः) असमाहितजनानामन्तःकरणानि (जहाति) त्यजति ॥२०॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ वेना᳓ अनूषत
इ᳓यक्षन्ति प्र᳓चेतसः
म᳓ज्जन्ति अ᳓विचेतसः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

anūṣata ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

venā́ḥ ← vená- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

íyakṣanti ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

prácetasaḥ ← prácetas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ávicetasaḥ ← ávicetas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

májjanti ← √majj- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

अ॒भि । वे॒नाः । अ॒नू॒ष॒त॒ । इय॑क्षन्ति । प्रऽचे॑तसः ।
मज्ज॑न्ति । अवि॑ऽचेतसः ॥

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• venā ← venāḥ ← vena
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• anūṣateyakṣanti ← anūṣata ← nū
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “praise; shout.”

• anūṣateyakṣanti ← iyakṣanti ← iyakṣ ← √yaj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “endeavor.”

• pracetasaḥ ← pracetas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “intelligent; mindful; attentive; wise; apt; observant.”

• majjanty ← majjanti ← majj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sink; drown; soak; sink; bathe.”

• avicetasaḥ ← avicetas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

वेनाः कान्ताः स्तोतारः अभि अनूषत सोममभिष्टुवन्ति । प्रचेतसः सुमतयः इयक्षन्ति यष्टुमिच्छन्ति च । अविचेतसः । विशिष्टमतयो विचेतसः । अविचेतसो विपरीतमतय इत्यर्थः । मज्जन्ति निमज्जन्ति । ये सोमं नाभिष्टुवन्ति न यजन्ति च ते नरके पतन्तीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Devoted (worshippers) glorify Soma; the well-disposed desire to sacrifice; the perverse-minded sink (into hell).”

The seekers have cried out to (him); the discerning wish to attain (him). The undiscriminating sink down.

On vená- see comm. ad VIII.100.5.

The friends have sung in unison, the prudent wish to sacrifice:
Down sink the unintelligent.

Die Seher haben ihm zugeschrieen, die Klugen streben ihm zu; die Tore sinken unter.

Die Freunde haben ihn gerühmt, die Weisen opfern ihm mit Lust, Zu Grunde geht der Thoren Schar.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्रचेतसो वेनाः) प्रकृष्ट ज्ञानवाले विज्ञानी लोग (अभ्यनूषत) परमात्मा की उपासना करते हैं और (इयक्षन्ति) उपासनात्मक यज्ञ से परमात्मा का यजन करते हैं। (अविचेतसः) अज्ञानी लोग (मज्जन्ति) डूबते हैं॥२१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग शुद्ध मनवाले हैं, वे परमात्मा के तत्त्वज्ञान से मुक्ति के भागी होते हैं और अज्ञानी लोग बार-बार जन्म लेते हैं और मरते हैं, परन्तु फिर भी परमात्मा के तत्त्व को नहीं पाते। इसीलिये उनका यहाँ डूबना दिखलाया है॥२१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्रचेतसो वेनाः) अत्युत्कृष्टज्ञानवन्तो विज्ञानिनो जनाः (अभ्यनूषत) जगदीश्वरस्योपासनां कुर्वन्ति। अथ च (इयक्षन्ति) उपासनात्मकयज्ञेन परमात्मयजनं कुर्वन्ति। तथा (अविचेतसः) अज्ञानिनः (मज्जन्ति) निमग्ना भवन्ति ॥२१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ᳓न्द्रायेन्दो मरु᳓त्वते
प᳓वस्व म᳓धुमत्तमः
ऋत᳓स्य यो᳓निम् आस᳓दम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

marútvate ← marútvant- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

mádhumattamaḥ ← mádhumattama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

āsádam ← √sad- (root)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

इन्द्रा॑य । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । म॒रुत्व॑ते । पव॑स्व । मधु॑मत्ऽतमः ।
ऋ॒तस्य॑ । योनि॑म् । आ॒ऽसद॑म् ॥

• indrāyendo ← indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• indrāyendo ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• marutvate ← marutvat
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Marut(a).”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• madhumattamaḥ ← madhumattama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sweetest.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• āsadam ← āsad ← √sad
• [verb noun]
• “approach; attack; sit down; approach; find; arrive.”

हे इन्दो सोम मधुमत्तमः अतिशयेन मधुमांस्त्वम् ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य योनिं स्थानम् आसदम् उपवेष्टुं मरुत्वते इन्द्राय इन्द्रार्थं पवस्व क्षर ॥

English translation:

“Flow, Indu, for Indra associated with the Maruts, you who are most sweet-flavoured, and take your seat on the plural ce of the sacrifice.”

For Indra with the Maruts, o drop, purify yourself as the most honeyed, to sit on the womb of truth. ᳓

For Indra girt by Maruts, flow, thou Indu, very rich in sweets,
To sit in place of sacrifice.

Läutere dich, o Saft, als Süßester für Indra in Begleitung der Marut, um dich in deinen ordnungsgemäßen Schoß zu setzen!

Dem Indra mit der Marutschar, o Indu, riesle, süssester! Zu setzen dich in Opfers Schooss.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तं᳓ त्वा वि᳓प्रा वचोवि᳓दः
प᳓रि ष्कृण्वन्ति+ वेध᳓सः
सं᳓ त्वा मृजन्ति आय᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

vacovídaḥ ← vacovíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

víprāḥ ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

pári ← pári (invariable)

skr̥ṇvanti ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vedhásaḥ ← vedhás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

āyávaḥ ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

mr̥janti ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sám ← sám (invariable)

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

तम् । त्वा॒ । विप्राः॑ । व॒चः॒ऽविदः॑ । परि॑ । कृ॒ण्व॒न्ति॒ । वे॒धसः॑ ।
सम् । त्वा॒ । मृ॒ज॒न्ति॒ । आ॒यवः॑ ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• viprā ← viprāḥ ← vipra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

• vacovidaḥ ← vacaḥ ← vacas
• [noun], neuter
• “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

• vacovidaḥ ← vidaḥ ← vid
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “conversant(p); aware(p); enlightened; understanding.”

• pariṣkṛṇvanti ← pariṣkṛ ← √kṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “decorate.”

• vedhasaḥ ← vedhas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Brahma; creator; believer [worshipper]; Vishnu.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• mṛjanty ← mṛjanti ← mṛj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• āyavaḥ ← āyu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

हे सोम तं पवमानं त्वा त्वां विप्राः प्राज्ञाः वेधसः कर्मणां कर्तारः वचोविदः स्तोतारः परिष्कृण्वन्ति अलंकुर्वन्ति । अपि च त्वा त्वाम् आयवः मनुष्याः सं मृजन्ति सम्यक् शोधयन्ति ।

English translation:

“The wise who are the performers of pious acts, who are acquainted with holy texts, adorn you; men purify you.”

The inspired poets knowing [/finding] speech, the ritual adepts,
adorn you;
the Āyus groom you all over.

A minor poetic echo, the rhyming openings of pāda a táṃ tvā and c sáṃ tvā.

Controlling priests and sages skilled in holy song adorn thee well:
The living make thee beautiful.

Dich schmücken die beredten, wortkundigen Meister; dich putzen die Ayu´s.

Rings schmücken die verehrenden, die liederkund’gen Sänger dich, Es läutern dich die eifrigen.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

र᳓सं ते मित्रो᳓ अर्यमा᳓
पि᳓बन्ति व᳓रुणः कवे
प᳓वमानस्य मरु᳓तः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
aryamā́ ← áryaman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mitráḥ ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rásam ← rása- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

kave ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

píbanti ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

váruṇaḥ ← váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

marútaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

pávamānasya ← √pū- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

रस॑म् । ते॒ । मि॒त्रः । अ॒र्य॒मा । पिब॑न्ति । वरु॑णः । क॒वे॒ ।
पव॑मानस्य । म॒रुतः॑ ॥

• rasaṃ ← rasam ← rasa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “mercury; juice; medicine; rasa; alchemy; liquid; Rasa; mahārasa; taste; broth; elixir; resin; rasa; essence; six; water; soup; liquid body substance; rasa; formulation; myrrh; rasa [word]; amṛta; purpose; delight; solution; milk; beverage; alcohol; sap; nectar; Rasātala.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• mitro ← mitraḥ ← mitra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

• aryamā ← aryaman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Aryaman; aryaman [word]; sun.”

• pibanti ← pā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• varuṇaḥ ← varuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

• kave ← kavi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• pavamānasya ← pū
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

हे कवे क्रान्तकर्मन् सोम पवमानस्य क्षरतः ते तव रसं मित्रः अर्यमा च वरुणः च मरुतः च एते सर्वे देवाः पिबन्ति ॥

English translation:

“Mitra, Aryaman, Varuṇa and the Maruts drink, sage (Soma), your juice as you drop.”

Mitra, Aryaman, and Varuṇa drink your sap, o poet,
as do the Maruts, when you purify yourself. ᳓

Aryaman, Mitra, Varuna drink Pavamana’s juice, yea, thine:
O Sage, the Maruts drink thereof.

Deinen Saft trinken Mitra, Aryaman, Varuna, o Weiser, die Marut, wenn du dich läuterst.

Es trinken, Weiser, deinen Saft, des hellen, Mitra, Arjaman Und Varuna, die Marutschar.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमानस्य) सबको पवित्र करनेवाले जो आप हैं, ऐसे आपके (रसं) रस को (मित्रः) समदर्शी विद्वान् (वरुणः) विज्ञानादि गुणों से सृष्टि को आच्छादन करनेवाले (मरुतः) कर्मयोगिगण (ते कवे) तुम जो सर्वज्ञ हो, ऐसे आपके रस को (अर्यमा) न्यायकारी लोग (पिबन्ति) पान करते हैं॥२४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष कर्मयोगी तथा ज्ञानयोगी है, वही उस परमात्मा के आनन्द को पान कर सकता है, अन्य नहीं। तात्पर्य यह है कि परमात्मा के समान परमात्मा का आनन्द भी सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण है, परन्तु विना उक्त उपदेश से वा यों कहो कि सर्वोपरि साधन के विना उसके आनन्द का कोई भी उपभोग नहीं कर सकता, इसीलिये यहाँ उक्त प्रकार के योगियों का कथन किया है कि उक्त योगी ही उसके आनन्द को भोगते हैं॥२४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमानस्य) सकलपावकस्य भवतः (रसम्) रसं (मित्रः) समद्रष्टारः (वरुणः) विज्ञानादिभिर्गुणैः सृष्टेराच्छादका विद्वांसः (मरुतः) कर्मयोगिनः (ते कवे) सर्वज्ञस्य तव रसं (अर्यमा) न्यायकारिणः (पिबन्ति) पानं कुर्वन्ति ॥२४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुवं᳓ सोम विपश्चि᳓तम्
पुनानो᳓ वा᳓चम् इष्यसि
इ᳓न्दो सह᳓स्रभर्णसम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

vipaścítam ← vipaścít- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

iṣyasi ← √iṣ- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vā́cam ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sahásrabharṇasam ← sahásrabharṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

त्वम् । सो॒म॒ । वि॒पः॒ऽचित॑म् । पु॒ना॒नः । वाच॑म् । इ॒ष्य॒सि॒ ।
इन्दो॒ इति॑ । स॒हस्र॑ऽभर्णसम् ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• vipaścitam ← vipaścit
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “wise; expert.”

• punāno ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• vācam ← vāc
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

• iṣyasi ← iṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• sahasrabharṇasam ← sahasrabharṇas
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

हे इन्दो दीप्त सोम पुनानः पूयमानः त्वं विपश्चितं प्रज्ञया पवित्रां सहस्रभर्णसं बहुभरणां वाचम् इष्यसि प्रेरयसि ॥ ॥ ४० ॥

English translation:

“Brilliant Soma, when purified you utter a sapient speech, feeding thousands.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sapient speech: vipaścitam = prajñayā pavitrām, cleaning (?) by wisdom

You, Soma, while becoming purified, send out speech that is attentive to poetic inspiration
and brings a thousand presents, o drop. ᳓

O Soma, Indu, thou while thou art purified urgest onward speech.
Thousandfold, with the lore of hymns.

Du, Soma, treibst die wortkundige Rede hervor, wenn du dich läuterst, die Tausend aufwiegende, o Saft.

Gereinigt lässt, o Soma, du erschallen dein begeistert Lied, Das, Indu, tausend Gaben beut.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पुनानः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाले ! (सोम) सब के उपास्य देव परमात्मन् ! (इन्दो) हेसर्वप्रकाशक ! (त्वं) तुम (विपश्चितम्) ज्ञान-विज्ञान को देनेवाली (वाचम्) जोवाणी है (सहस्रभर्णसं) और अनन्त प्रकार के भूषणों के समान जिसकी शोभा है, ऐसी वाणी को (इष्यसि) चाहते हो॥२५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वेदवाणी के समान कोई अन्य भूषण ज्ञान का ज्ञापक नहीं है। वह सहस्त्रों प्रकार के भूषणों की शोभा को धारण किये हुई है। जो पुरुष इस विद्याभूषण को धारण करता है, वह सर्वोपरि दर्शनीय बनता है॥२५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पुनानः) सर्वपावक ! (सोम) हे सर्वोपास्य देव ! (त्वम्) भवान् (विपश्चितम्) ज्ञानविज्ञानदायिनीं (वाचम्) वाणीं (इन्दो) हे सर्वप्रकाशक ! (सहस्रभर्णसम्) बहुविधभूषणवत् शोभा यस्यास्तादृशीं वाणीं (इष्यसि) त्वं वाञ्छसि ॥२५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

उतो᳓ सह᳓स्रभर्णसं
वा᳓चं सोम मखस्यु᳓वम्
पुनान᳓ इन्दव् आ᳓ भर

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
sahásrabharṇasam ← sahásrabharṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

utá ← utá (invariable)

makhasyúvam ← makhasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vā́cam ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

bhara ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

उ॒तो इति॑ । स॒हस्र॑ऽभर्णसम् । वाच॑म् । सो॒म॒ । म॒ख॒स्युव॑म् ।
पु॒ना॒नः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । आ । भ॒र॒ ॥

• uto ← uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• uto ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• sahasrabharṇasaṃ ← sahasrabharṇasam ← sahasrabharṇas
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• vācaṃ ← vācam ← vāc
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• makhasyuvam ← makhasyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• punāna ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• indav ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• bhara ← bhṛ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

उतो अपि च हे इन्दो दीप्त सोम पुनानः पूयमानस्त्वं सहस्रभर्णसं सहस्रभरणां मखस्युवं धनकामां वाचम् अस्मभ्यम् आ भर आहर ॥

English translation:

“Brilliant Soma, when purified bring (us) a voice, feeding thousands and desiring wealth.”

And speech bringing a thousand presents, ready for combat [/bounty], o Soma—
becoming purified, o drop, bring that hither. ᳓

Yea, Soma, Indu, while thou art purified do thou bring to us
Speech thousandfold that longs for war.

Und bring uns die Tausend aufwiegende Rede, o Soma, die Belohnung erwartende, wenn du dich läuterst, Soma!

Das Lied, was tausend Gaben beut, o Soma, den Triumphgesang, Bring’, Indu, her, gereinigter!

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उतो) और (सहस्रभर्णसम्) अनेक प्रकार के भूषणों की शोभावाली (मखस्युवम्) जो विविध प्रकार के धनों को देनेवाली है,ऐसी (वाचम्) वाणी का (पुनानः) सबको पवित्र करनेवाले ! (सोम) परमात्मन् ! (इन्दो) हे सर्वप्रकाशक ! (आभर) हमको सब प्रकार से प्रदान करिये॥२६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा से प्रार्थना है कि उक्त प्रकार का विद्याभूषण हमको प्रदान करें॥२६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उतो) अपि च (सहस्रभर्णसम्) बहुविधभूषणवतीं (मखस्युवम्) विविधविधैश्वर्य्यदायिनीं (वाचम्) वाणीं (पुनानः) सर्वपावक ! (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (इन्दो) हे सर्वप्रकाशक ! (आ भर) पूर्वोक्तवाण्याः प्रदानं करोतु ॥२६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

पुनान᳓ इन्दव् एषा᳐म्
पु᳓रुहूत ज᳓नाना᳐म्
प्रियः᳓ समुद्र᳓म् आ᳓ विश

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

punānáḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

jánānām ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

púruhūta ← puruhūtá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

priyáḥ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

samudrám ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśa ← √viś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

पु॒ना॒नः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । ए॒षा॒म् । पुरु॑ऽहूत । जना॑नाम् ।
प्रि॒यः । स॒मु॒द्रम् । आ । वि॒श॒ ॥

• punāna ← punānaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• indav ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• puruhūta ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• puruhūta ← hūta ← hvā
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• janānām ← jana
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• priyaḥ ← priya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• samudram ← samudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• viśa ← viś
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”

हे पुरुहूत बहुभिराहूत इन्दो सोम पुनानः पूयमानस्त्वम् एषाम् अस्मिन् यागे स्तोत्रं कुर्वतां जनानां प्रियः सन् समुद्रं द्रोणकलशम् आ विश प्रविश ॥

English translation:

“Indu, invoked by many, do you, being purified and being loved by these your worshippers, enter the ocean.”

Becoming purified, o drop, much invoked by these peoples,
as dear one, enter the sea. ᳓

O Indu, Much-invoked, while thou art purifying, as the Friend.
Of these men enter thou the lake.

Dich läuternd, o Saft, vielgerufener dieser Menschen, geh als Freund in den Ozean ein!

Gereinigt, Indu, und geliebt von diesen Männern viel gerühmt, So schreite zu dem Meere hin.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पुनानः) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले ! (पुरुहूत) सर्वपूज्य ! (इन्दो) सर्वप्रकाशक (प्रियः) सबके प्रिय परमात्मन् ! (एषां जनानाम्) इन उपासक पुरुषों के (समुद्रम्) द्रवीभूत अन्तःकरण को (आविश) अपनी अभिव्यक्ति से शुद्ध करिये॥२

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग विद्याऔर विनय से सम्पन्न हैं, उनके अन्तःकरण को परमात्मा अवश्यमेव पवित्र करता है॥२७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पुनानः) सर्वपावकपरमात्मन् ! (पुरुहूत) जगत्पूज्य ! (इन्दो) सर्वप्रकाशक ! (प्रियः) सर्वप्रियपरमात्मन् ! (एषां जनानाम्) उपासकानां पुरुषाणां (समुद्रम्) द्रवीभूतमन्तःकरणं (आविश) स्वाभिव्यक्त्या शुद्धं कुरु ॥२७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

द᳓विद्युततिया रुचा᳓
परिष्टो᳓भन्तिया कृपा᳓
सो᳓माः शुक्रा᳓ ग᳓वाशिरः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
dávidyutatyā ← √dyut- (root)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rucā́ ← rúc- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

kr̥pā́ ← kŕ̥p- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

pariṣṭóbhantyā ← √stubh- (root)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gávāśiraḥ ← gávāśir- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

sómāḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śukrā́ḥ ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

दवि॑द्युतत्या । रु॒चा । प॒रि॒ऽस्तोभ॑न्त्या । कृ॒पा ।
सोमाः॑ । शु॒क्राः । गोऽआ॑शिरः ॥

• davidyutatyā ← davidyut ← √dyut
• [verb noun], instrumental, singular
• “flash.”

• rucā ← ruc
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “beam; radiance; color.”

• pariṣṭobhantyā ← pariṣṭubh ← √stubh
• [verb noun], instrumental, singular

• kṛpā ← kṛp
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “kṛp.”

• somāḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• śukrā ← śukrāḥ ← śukra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

• gavāśiraḥ ← gavāśir
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

शुक्राः उज्ज्वलाः दविद्युतत्या द्योतमानया रुचा दीप्त्या परिष्टोभन्त्या परितः शब्दायमानया कृपा धारया च युक्ताः सोमाः गवाशिरः भवन्ति । गव्येन पयसा मिश्रिता भवन्तीत्यर्थः॥

English translation:

“The bright Soma-juices with their shining radiance and resounding stream are mixed with the milk and the curds.”

(Provided) with ever-flashing light, with a form that encircles with chant are (both) the clear soma drinks and those mixed with cows [=milk].

On pari √stubh see nearby IX.62.24. It is not entirely clear to me how the kṛ́p- (form, body) of Soma would ‘encircle with chant/rhythm’, since its physical form should not be producing noise. More common is the association of kṛ́p- with light (esp. the light of Agni), as Renou points out (cf. VI.2.6 kṛpā́… rocase, VII.3.9 sváyā kṛpā́tanvā̀rócamānaḥ), but in our passage rucā́and kṛpā́are parallel and independent. A passive sense ‘encircled with chant/rhythm’ (so Renou) would work better in context, but that seems precluded by the use of the act. stem stóbha-.

Bright are these Somas blent with milk, with light that flashes brilliantly. And form that utters loud acclaim.

Mit blitzendem Glaste, mit brausender Schönheit sind die Geklärten, die mit Milch gemischten Somatränke geflossen.

Die milchgemischten Soma’s sind erhellt von lichtem Strahlenglanz, Versehn mit rauschender Gestalt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमाः) सर्वोत्पादक (शुक्राः) बलस्वरूप (गवाशिरः) इन्द्रियागोचर परमात्मा (दविद्युतत्या) अपनी उज्ज्वल ज्योति से (रुचा) जो ज्ञानदीप्तिवाली है (परिस्तोभन्त्या) और जो सर्वोपरि शोभावाली है, (कृपा)ऐसी कृपादृष्टि से हमारा कल्याण करें॥२८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा जिन लोगों पर अपनी कृपादृष्टि करता है, उनका कल्याणअवश्यमेव होता है॥२८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमाः) सर्वोत्पादकः (शुक्राः) बलस्वरूपः (गवाशिरः) इन्द्रियागोचरः परमात्मा (दविद्युतत्या) स्वोज्ज्वलज्योतिषा (रुचा) ज्ञानदीप्त्या (परिस्तोभन्त्या) सर्वोत्कृष्टशोभमानया (कृपा) एतादृश्या कृपयास्माकं कल्याणं करोतु ॥२८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

हिन्वानो᳓ हेतृ᳓भिर् यत᳓
आ᳓ वा᳓जं वाजी᳓ अक्रमीत्
सी᳓दन्तो वनु᳓षो यथा

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
hetŕ̥bhiḥ ← hetár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

hinvānáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yatáḥ ← √yam- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

akramīt ← √kramⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

vā́jam ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vājī́ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sī́dantaḥ ← √sad- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vanúṣaḥ ← vanús- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yathā ← yathā (invariable)

हि॒न्वा॒नः । हे॒तृऽभिः॑ । य॒तः । आ । वाज॑म् । वा॒जी । अ॒क्र॒मी॒त् ।
सीद॑न्तः । व॒नुषः॑ । य॒था॒ ॥

• hinvāno ← hinvānaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• hetṛbhir ← hetṛbhiḥ ← hetṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• yata ← yataḥ ← yam
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• vājaṃ ← vājam ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vājy ← vājī ← vājin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”

• akramīt ← kram
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

• sīdanto ← sīdantaḥ ← sad
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

• vanuṣo ← vanuṣaḥ ← vanus
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “unfriendly; competing(a).”

• yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

वाजी बलवान् सोमः हेतृभिः प्रेरकैः स्तोतृभिः हिन्वानः स्तोत्रैः प्रेर्यमाणः यतः संयतः सन् वाजं यागाख्यं युद्धम् आ अक्रमीत् आक्रामति । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । यथा वनुषः हन्तारो भटाः सीदन्तः युद्धं प्रविशन्तः आक्रामन्ति तद्वदित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The powerful Soma urged by the urging (worshippers) goes collected to the battle like warriors entering (the battle-field).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

To the battle: metaphorically, for sacrifice

Being impelled, guided by the impellers, the prize-seeker has stridden to the prize—
sitting (on the womb of truth) like raptor(-birds).

Pāda a contains what appears to be an etymological figure, but I consider it somewhat trickier than that. The first two word, hinvānó hetṛ́bhiḥ, are transparently related and easy to construe together, and IX.13.6 hiyānā́ná hetṛ́bhiḥ “like (horses) being driven by their drivers” displays the same apparent configuration. However, the instr. in our passage is followed by a ppl. yatáḥ ‘held, guided’, which is regularly preceded by an instr. agent, often nṛ́bhiḥ (approx. 10x in IX), or in this very hymn, vs. 15 vājíbhir yatáḥ “guided by the prizeseekers.” So I suggest that hetṛ́bhiḥ is actually the agent for following yatáḥ, though also adjacent to its etymological kin - a fine twist on the RVic poetic trick of positioning a word between two words both of which it could be (or indeed is) connected to. A more literal rendering of the pāda would be “ “… impelled, by the impellers held.” The simile in c is problematic for several reasons. To begin with, the subject of ab is singular, but the simile must be couched in the plural, given the pres. part. sī́dantaḥ. This is less of a problem than it appears: first, this hymn and soma hymns in general regularly switch back and forth between sg. (soma) and pl. (soma drinks / drops, etc.) referring to the same substance, and this could easily be a unmarked case of that. Moreover, if the target of the simile is in the pl., it can have attracted the participle into the pl.

This raises the question: what is soma being compared to? and the related but more technical question: is vanúṣaḥ nom. pl. (and therefore the simile target) or some other case (acc. pl., abl./gen. sg.)? Because we need something to license the pl. of sī́dantaḥ and because we need something to compare the soma to, taking vanúṣaḥ as nom. pl. seems the most economical solution - although this requires discounting the attractive parallel adduced by Geldner, I.26.3 sī́dantu mánuṣo yathā. In that passage mánuṣaḥ, which rhymes with our vanúṣaḥ, is gen. sg. (and the pl. impv. sī́dantu simply agrees with the pl. subject in ab).

That vanúṣaḥ is nom. pl. is also the judgment of Geldner and Renou, though with vastly different semantics. Geldner “wie die wetteifernden Reiter(?)” (I have no idea where he gets the “riders,” and his question mark shows his uncertainty about it; nonetheless it was taken up by Ober [II.245] as evidence for horseback riding in the RV!); Renou “(s’asseyant au séjour du Ṛta) comme les dévots qui s’(y) asseoient.” Renou seems closer to the mark, though still pretty far from it. Because of the repetition noted above (ad 22-24) of the trope “sit on the womb of truth” (4x in this hymn), it seems likely that sī́dant- here would evoke this recurrent expression, which is certainly appropriate to the soma (drinks) that are the subject of the simile. It is more difficult to identify who or what vanúṣaḥ refers to. This stem, and the associated denom. verb, can have both positive and negative values, expressing various types of eagerness and craving: “striving, eager, zealous, etc.” on the one hand (hence Renou’s dévots), “over-zealous, covetous, rapacious, etc.” on the other. Before identifying its usage in this particular passage, I’d like to introduce a third term into the simile. In similes involving sitting, the comparandum is often a bird - e.g., śyenáḥ in nearby IX.61.21 =

Led by his drivers, and sent forth, the Strong Steed hath come nigh for spoil,
Like warriors when they stand arrayed.

Von den Treibern getrieben, gelenkt ist der Preisrenner nach dem Siegerpreis gelaufen wie die wetteifernden Reiter.

Gespornt von Treibern und gelenkt hat nun der Renner Preis erlangt Wie Krieger sitzend nach dem Streit.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हेतृभिः) उपासक लोगों से (हिन्वानः) उपासना किया हुआ परमात्मा (यतः) अपने प्रयत्न से (वाजी) सर्वोपरि बलवाला (वाजम्) बल को (अक्रमीत्) जीतता है (वनुषः) मनुष्य (सीदन्तः) युद्ध में प्रविष्ट होकर (यथा) जैसे अन्य बलों को जीतता है, इस प्रकार परमात्मा सब बलों को जीतता है ॥२९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा ने इस मन्त्र में बल का उपदेश किया है कि जिस प्रकार योद्धा सेनापति अपने बल के गर्व से अन्य सेनाधीशों को जीतकर स्वाधीन कर लेता है, इसी प्रकार सर्वोपरि बलस्वरूप परमात्मा सम्पूर्ण लोक-लोकान्तरों को अपने वशीभूत किए हुए है॥२९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हेतृभिः) उपासकैः (हिन्वानः) उपासितः परमात्मा (यतः) स्वेन प्रयत्नेन (वाजी) उत्कृष्टबलवान् (वाजम्) बलं (अक्रमीत्) जयति (वनुषः) मनुष्यः (सीदन्तः) युद्धे प्रवेशं कृत्वा (यथा) येन प्रकारेणान्यानि बलान्यभिभवति तथैव जगदीश्वरः सर्वबलजेतास्ति ॥२९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कश्यपः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ऋध᳓क् सोम सुअस्त᳓ये
संजग्मानो᳓ दिवः᳓ कविः᳓
प᳓वस्व सू᳓रियो दृशे᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
r̥dhák ← ŕ̥dhak (invariable)

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

svastáye ← svastí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

saṁjagmānáḥ ← √gam- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

dr̥śé ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sū́ryaḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ऋ॒धक् । सो॒म॒ । स्व॒स्तये॑ । स॒म्ऽज॒ग्मा॒नः । दि॒वः । क॒विः ।
पव॑स्व । सूर्यः॑ । दृ॒शे ॥

• ṛdhak
• [adverb]
• “away; apart.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• svastaye ← svasti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”

• saṃjagmāno ← saṃjagmānaḥ ← saṃgam ← √gam
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “meet; unite; love; connect; exist; land; justify.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• kaviḥ ← kavi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• sūryo ← sūryaḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• dṛśe ← dṛś
• [verb noun]
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

हे सोम कविः क्रान्तः सूर्यः सुवीर्यस्त्वम् ऋधक् ऋध्नुवन् । तथा च यास्कः-‘ऋधगिति पृथग्भावस्यानुप्रवचनं भवत्यथाप्यृध्नोत्यर्थे दृश्यते’ (निरु. ४. २५ ) इति । संजग्मानः संगच्छमानः स्वस्तये दृशे दर्शनाय च दिवः पवस्व क्षर ॥ ॥ ४१ ॥

English translation:

“Soma, who are a sage mighty and prospering approaching flow from heaven for our prosperity and view.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sūryaḥ is separated from dṛśe and explained as suvīryaḥ;

Ṛdhak = pṛthak, also used to mean ‘prospering’ (Nirukta 4.25)

Separately [=unmixed], o Soma, and uniting (with milk), as poet of heaven
purify yourself for well-being and as the sun to be seen.

As indicated above (ad 28-30), I believe that the unmixed and mixed soma drinks are referred to here, though no interpr. I know of shares this opinion. The adv. ṛ́dhak (so accented) means ‘separately, apart’; the form ṛdhák with final accent is found only here, and it is difficult to assess what the accentual difference means: is it just a mistake or meaningless variant? or is it meant to signal some change in grammatical function or meaning? If we can fancifully imagine an internal derivation of adverbs quasi-parallel to that of bráhman- à brahmán-, yáśas- à yaśás-, perhaps ṛdhák refers to something characterized by separateness. With a further flight of fancy, we can suggest that this would be the unmixed soma, referred to unequivocally two vss. earlier as śukrá- (28c), and contrasting with the soma that “unites” (saṃjagmāná-) with milk, again straightforwardly referred to in 28c as gávāśir-. Although neither of the terms in vs. 30 is elsewhere used of a type of soma, at least as far as I know, the contrastive pairing was set up at the beginning of the tṛca and could, I would assert, have been decoded by a RVic audience and applied to the more opaque expressions here. I will not discuss the alternative interpr. (Geldner, Renou, Lüders 259, Ober I.457, II.143), which differ wildly from mine and from each other and, in the case of Geldner and Renou, depend on an out-of-date interpr. of ṛ́dhak.

Specially, Soma, coming as a Sage from heaven to prosper us,
Flow like the Sun for us to see.

O Soma, nachdem du dich richtig zum Heil vereinigt hast, du der Seher des Himmels, kläre dich als die Sonne zum Schauen!

Gesondert, Soma, und vereint, du Himmels Sänger, ströme hell Zum Heil, der Sonne gleich zu schaun.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कश्यपः
• यवमध्यागायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऋधक् सोम) हेअद्वितीयपरमात्मन् ! आप (सञ्जग्मानः) सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण हैं। तथा (दिवः) प्रकाशस्वरूप हैं (कवि) सर्वज्ञ हैं। आप (स्वस्तये) हमारे कल्याण के लिये (पवस्व) हमको पवित्र करें। (सूर्यः) हे परमात्मन् ! (दृशे) ज्ञान की वृद्धि के लिये आप हमारे हृदय में आकर विराजमान हों॥३०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा ने ज्ञान का उपदेश किया है कि हे उपासक जनों ! आप अपने ज्ञान की वृद्धि के लिये सर्वोपरि शक्ति से अपने मङ्गल की उपासना सदैव करते रहें॥३०॥ यह ६४ वाँ सूक्त और ४१ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ। ऋग्वेद के ९वें मण्डल में ७वें अष्टक का पहला अध्याय समाप्त हुआ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऋधक् सोम) हे अद्वितीय जगदीश्वर ! भवान् (सञ्जग्मानः) सर्वत्र परिपूर्णोऽस्ति। तथा (दिवः) प्रकाशस्वरूपोऽस्ति। अथ च (कविः) सर्वज्ञो भवान् (स्वस्तये) कल्याणाय (पवस्व) मां पवित्रयतु। (सूर्यः) सरतीति सूर्यः हे परमात्मन् ! (दृशे) ज्ञानवर्धनाय ममान्तःकरणे विराजितो भवतु ॥३०॥ इति चतुःषष्टितमं सूक्तमेकचत्वारिंशत्तमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥ इति श्रीमदार्यमुनिनोपनिबद्धे क्संहिताभाष्ये नवममण्डले सप्तमाष्टके प्रथमोऽध्यायः समाप्तः ॥