०५६

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अवत्सारः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि सो᳓म ऋत᳓म् बृह᳓द्
आशुः᳓ पवि᳓त्रे अर्षति
विघ्न᳓न् र᳓क्षांसि देवयुः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
br̥hát ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

r̥tám ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

arṣati ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

āśúḥ ← āśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pavítre ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

devayúḥ ← devayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rákṣāṁsi ← rákṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

vighnán ← √han- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

परि॑ । सोमः॑ । ऋ॒तम् । बृ॒हत् । आ॒शुः । प॒वित्रे॑ । अ॒र्ष॒ति॒ ।
वि॒ऽघ्नन् । रक्षां॑सि । दे॒व॒ऽयुः ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• soma ← somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• ṛtam ← ṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• bṛhad ← bṛhat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• āśuḥ ← āśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

• pavitre ← pavitra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• arṣati ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run.”

• vighnan ← vihan ← √han
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “obstruct; cancel out; restrict.”

• rakṣāṃsi ← rakṣas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “Rākṣasa; Rakṣas; rakṣas [word].”

• devayuḥ ← devayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “devout; devoted.”

आशुः क्षिप्रकारी देवयुः देवकामः सोमः पवित्रे स्थित्वा रक्षांसि राक्षसान् विघ्नन् निघ्नन् बृहत् महत् ऋतम् अन्नं परि अर्षति परिगमयति । अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The swift Soma devoted to the gods destroying the rākṣasas in the filter, bestows abundant food (on us).”

Swift Soma, as lofty truth, rushes about in the filter,
smashing apart the demons, seeking the gods,

The problem in this vs. is how to construe neut. ṛtám bṛhát. Is it an acc., and if so, is it a goal, like vā́jam in the next vs. (“rushes to the lofty truth”), or an expression of the way loosely construed with pári (“rushes around the lofty truth”)? Or is it a nom. and therefore appositional to sómaḥ. Geldner (and to some extent Renou) seem to follow the “way” interpr., as does Lüders (582) in his first rendering. But he then rejects this (on somewhat contorted grounds) and, flg. Ludwig, goes for a nom. apposition (or nominal predicate). On the basis of IX.107.17, 108.8 (see also 66.24), I also opt for the appositional interpr. Vs. 2 also contains a nominal apposition, dhā́rā apasyúvaḥ, at least by my analysis.

SWIFT to the purifying sieve flows Soma as exalted Law,
Slaying the fiends, loving the Gods.

Soma durchläuft die hohe Ordnung als Rennpferd in der Seihe, die Unholde vertreibend, nach dem Gott verlangend;

Den hehren Opfertrank ergiesst der rasche Soma durch das Sieb, Gespenster schlagend, Göttern hold,

• पवमानः सोमः
• अवत्सारः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब परमात्मा सदाचारियों को ही ज्ञानगोचर हो सकता है, यह कहते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! आप (ऋतं बृहत् आशुः) सत्यस्वरूप और सबसे महान् तथा शीघ्रगतिवाले हैं (देवयुः) सत्कर्मियों को चाहते हुए और (रक्षांसि विघ्नन्) दुष्कर्मियों को नाश करते हुए (पवित्रे अर्षति) पवित्र अन्तःकरणों में निवास करते हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा कर्मों का यथायोग्य फलप्रदाता है; इसलिए उसके उपासक को चाहिए कि वह सत्कर्म करता हुआ उसका उपासक बने, ताकि उसे परमात्मा के दण्ड का फल न भोगना पड़े। तात्पर्य यह है कि प्रार्थना उपासना से केवल हृदय की शुद्धि होती है, पापों की क्षमा नहीं होती॥१॥

सम्प्रति सदाचारिभिरेव परमात्मा लभ्य इति वर्ण्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे जगदीश्वर ! भवान् (ऋतं बृहत् आशुः) सत्यस्वरूपवानस्ति। तथा सर्वस्मादपि महान् अथ च शीघ्रगतिशीलोऽस्ति (देवयुः) सत्कर्मिणो वाञ्छन् तथा (रक्षांसि विघ्नन्) दुष्टान् घातयन् (पवित्रे अर्षति) पवित्रान्तःकरणे निवसति ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अवत्सारः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

य᳓त् सो᳓मो वा᳓जम् अ᳓र्षति
शतं᳓ धा᳓रा अपस्यु᳓वः
इ᳓न्द्रस्य सख्य᳓म् आविश᳓न्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
árṣati ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vā́jam ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

apasyúvaḥ ← apasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

dhā́rāḥ ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

śatám ← śatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

āviśán ← √viś- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

sakhyám ← sakhyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

यत् । सोमः॑ । वाज॑म् । अर्ष॑ति । श॒तम् । धाराः॑ । अ॒प॒स्युवः॑ ।
इन्द्र॑स्य । स॒ख्यम् । आ॒ऽवि॒शन् ॥

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• somo ← somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• vājam ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• arṣati ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run.”

• śataṃ ← śatam ← śata
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• dhārā ← dhārāḥ ← dhārā
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• apasyuvaḥ ← apasyu
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “active.”

• indrasya ← indra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• sakhyam ← sakhya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “friendship; aid; company.”

• āviśan ← āviś ← √viś
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “enter; overwhelm; possess; approach; afflict; enter (a state); reach; wear.”

यत् यदा अपस्युवः कर्मकामाः शतं शतसंख्याकाः धाराः सोमस्य धाराः इन्द्रस्य सख्यं सखित्वम् आविशन् प्राप्नुवन्ति तदा सोमः वाजम् अन्नम् अर्षति गमयति । अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“When the hundred rite-loving streams (of the Soma) obtain the friendship of Indra, then the Soma brings us food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Alternative: When soma brings us food, his hundred rite-loving streams obtain Indra’s friendship

When Soma rushes toward the prize, as a hundred hardworking streams, entering fellowship with Indra.

This vs. consists entirely of a dependent cl. and can most conveniently be attached to the preceding vs. As noted above I take pl. dhā́rā apasyúvaḥ as a nom. in apposition to sg. sómaḥ. Renou explicitly calls it an “Acc. interne,” tr. “(en) cent jets actifs,” but internal to what? Geldner’s tr. is similar to Renou’s, but he doesn’t commit himself as to case. That dhā́rāḥ is definitely nom. in the next hymn, IX.57.1, also with vā́jam as goal, gives some support to my interpr. here.

āviśán in c is most likely the nom. sg. pres. part. it is universally interpr. as (incl. in the published translation), modifying sómaḥ in a. However, it is technically possible that it is a 3rd pl.

injunc. ā-viśán with the pl. dhā́rāḥ of b as its subj. It would be accented on the verb stem because it is still part of the yád clause. This would anchor dhā́rāḥ as nom. and produce a tr.

“When Soma rushes towards the prize (and) (his) hundred hardworking streams enter fellowship with Indra.” I do not advocate for this interpr., which seems too fussy, but I do point out that nothing in the grammar of the vs. precludes it.

When Soma pours the strengthening food a hundred ever-active streams
To Indra’s friendship win theirway.

Wenn Soma nach dem Siegerpreis läuft, in hundert emsigen Strömen, indem er zu Indra´s Freundschaft eingeht.

Wenn Soma Labetrunk ergiesst geschäft’ge Ströme hundertfach, Wenn er in Indra’s Freundschaft tritt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• अवत्सारः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत् सोमः वाजम् अर्षति) जो परमात्मा बल का प्रदान करता है इससे (अपस्युवः) कर्मयोगी लोग (इन्द्रस्य सख्यम् आविशन्) परमैश्वर्यवाले उस परमात्मा के मैत्रीभाव को प्राप्त होते हुए (शतं धाराः) उसके दिये हुए बल और आनन्द की अनेक धाराओं का उपभोग करते हैं॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वास्तव में परमात्मा कोई मित्र या अमित्र नहीं। जो लोग परमात्मा की आज्ञापालन करने से उसके अनुकूल चलते हैं, उनसे वह स्नेह करता है, इसलिए वे मित्र कहलाते हैं और प्रतिकूलवर्ती लोग स्नेह के पात्र नहीं होते, इसलिए अमित्र कहलाते हैं, इसीलिए यहाँ मित्र शब्द आया है। कुछ मानुषी मैत्री के भाव से नहीं॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत् सोमः वाजम् अर्षति) यो हि जगदीश्वरः बलं प्रददाति अतः (अपस्युवः) कर्मयोगिजनाः (इन्द्रस्य सख्यम् आविशन्) परमैश्वर्यवतस्तस्य परमात्मनो मैत्रीभावं प्राप्नुवन्तः (शतं धाराः) तेनैव प्रदत्तानि बलानि आमोदधाराश्चोपभुञ्जन्ते ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अवत्सारः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ त्वा यो᳓षणो द᳓श
जारं᳓ न᳓ कन्या᳡नूषत
मृज्य᳓से सोम सात᳓ये

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

dáśa ← dáśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

yóṣaṇaḥ ← yóṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

anūṣata ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

jārám ← jārá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kanyā̀ ← kanyā̀- ~ kanī́n- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

mr̥jyáse ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

sātáye ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒भि । त्वा॒ । योष॑णः । दश॑ । जा॒रम् । न । क॒न्या॑ । अ॒नू॒ष॒त॒ ।
मृ॒ज्यसे॑ । सो॒म॒ । सा॒तये॑ ॥

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• yoṣaṇo ← yoṣaṇaḥ ← yoṣan
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• daśa ← daśan
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

• jāraṃ ← jāram ← jāra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fancy man.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• kanyānūṣata ← kanyā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “girl; daughter; kanyā; virgin; Aloe perfoliata; Aloe Indica; female child; kanyā [word]; burn plant.”

• kanyānūṣata ← anūṣata ← nū
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “praise; shout.”

• mṛjyase ← mṛj
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sātaye ← sāti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

हे सोम त्वा त्वां याः दश दशसंख्याकाः योषणः अङ्गुलयः कन्या पितृमती कन्यका जारं न यथा प्रियमभिशब्दायते तद्वत् अभि अनूषत अभिशब्दायन्ते ताभिः सातये अस्माकं धनस्य लाभाय मृज्यसे इन्द्रार्थं शोध्यसे ॥

English translation:

“The ten fingers commend you, Soma, as a maiden her lover, you are cleansed in order to bestow (wealth on us).”

The ten young women have cried out to you, like a maiden to her lover. You are groomed, o Soma, for winning.

Note that yóṣan- and kanyā̀- appear together in the same vs. and in fact the latter is explicitly compared to the former. It is not clear to me whether they are meant here to refer to different types or lifestages of a young girl / maiden.

Ten Dames have sung to welcome thee, even as a maiden greets her love:
O Soma, thou art decked to win.

Dir riefen die zehn Frauen zu wie ein Mädchen ihrem Buhlen. Du wirst geputzt, o Soma, zum Siegesgewinn.

Zehn Jungfraun jauchzten jetzt dir zu, gleichwie dem Bräutigam die Braut, Sie läutern, Soma, dich um Gunst.

• पवमानः सोमः
• अवत्सारः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कन्या जारम् न) जिस प्रकार दीप्ति अग्नि को प्राप्त होती है, उसी प्रकार (दश योषणः) दश इन्द्रियवृत्तियें (त्वा अभ्यनूषत) आपको स्तुति द्वारा प्राप्त होती हैं (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (सातये) आप इष्टप्राप्ति के लिये (मृज्यसे) ध्यानगोचर किये जाते हैं॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - संस्कारी पुरुषों की इन्द्रियवृत्तियें उसको विषय करती हैं, असंस्कारियों को नहीं॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कन्या जारम् न) यथा दीपनमग्नेः प्रभवति तथैव (दश योषणः) दशेन्द्रियवृत्तयः (त्वा अभ्यनूषत) भवन्नुतिद्वारेण प्राप्ता भवन्ति। (सोम) हे नारायण ! (सातये) भवानिष्टप्राप्तये (मृज्यसे) ध्यानगोचरः क्रियते ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - अवत्सारः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुव᳓म् इ᳓न्द्राय वि᳓ष्णवे
स्वादु᳓र् इन्दो प᳓रि स्रव
नॄ᳓न् स्तोतॄ᳓न् पाहि अं᳓हसः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

víṣṇave ← víṣṇu- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

srava ← √sru- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

svādúḥ ← svādú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

áṁhasaḥ ← áṁhas- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

nr̥̄́n ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

pāhi ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

stotr̥̄́n ← stotár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

त्वम् । इन्द्रा॑य । विष्ण॑वे । स्वा॒दुः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । परि॑ । स्र॒व॒ ।
नॄन् । स्तो॒तॄन् । पा॒हि॒ । अंह॑सः ॥

• tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• viṣṇave ← viṣṇu
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”

• svādur ← svāduḥ ← svādu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Madhura; sweet; sweet; dainty; agreeable.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• srava ← sru
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “discharge; issue; run; filter; discharge; liquefy; ejaculate; fail; disappear; leak; fester.”

• nṝn ← nṛ
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• stotṝn ← stotṛ
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “laudatory; worshiping.”

• pāhy ← pāhi ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “protect; govern.”

• aṃhasaḥ ← aṃhas
• [noun], ablative, singular, neuter
• “trouble; sin.”

हे इन्दो सोम स्वादुः प्रियरसस्त्वम् इन्द्राय इन्द्रार्थं विष्णवे विष्ण्वर्थं च परि स्रव परिक्षर । नॄन् कर्मणां नेतॄन स्तोतॄन् त्वद्विषयाणां स्तुतीनां कर्तॄन् अंहसः दुरितात् पाहि रक्ष च ॥ ॥ १३ ॥

English translation:

“Do you, Indu, who are sweet-flavoured flow for Indra and Viṣṇu preserve the worshippers, your praisers, from sin.”

You, o drop, the sweet one—flow around for Indra, for Viṣṇu.
Protect the superior men, the praisers from difficult straits.

An elementary type of variant ring composition, with pári srava responding to pári … arṣati in vs. 1.

Flow hitherward, O Indu, sweet to Indra and to Visnu: guard
The men, the singers, from distress.

Laufe du ab, süß für Indra, für Vishnu, o Saft! Schütze die Herren, die Sänger vor Not!

Dem Indra, Vischnu ströme du, o Indu, rings voll Süssigkeit; Die Männer, Sänger schütz’ vor Noth.

• पवमानः सोमः
• अवत्सारः
• यवमध्यागायत्री
• षड्जः