०४८

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तं᳓ त्वा नृम्णा᳓नि बि᳓भ्रतं
सध᳓स्थेषु महो᳓ दिवः᳓
चा᳓रुं सुकृत्य᳓येमहे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
bíbhratam ← √bhr̥- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

nr̥mṇā́ni ← nr̥mṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

maháḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

sadhástheṣu ← sadhástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:PL}

cā́rum ← cā́ru- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

īmahe ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sukr̥tyáyā ← sukr̥tyā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

तम् । त्वा॒ । नृ॒म्णानि॑ । विभ्र॑तम् । स॒धऽस्थे॑षु । म॒हः । दि॒वः ।
चारु॑म् । सु॒ऽकृ॒त्यया॑ । ई॒म॒हे॒ ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• nṛmṇāni ← nṛmṇa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “manhood; power.”

• bibhrataṃ ← bibhratam ← bhṛ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• sadhastheṣu ← sadhastha
• [noun], locative, plural, neuter
• “dwelling; location; home.”

• maho ← mahaḥ ← mah
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• cāruṃ ← cārum ← cāru
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “pleasant; beautiful; beloved; agreeable; cāru [word].”

• sukṛtyayemahe ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sukṛtyayemahe ← kṛtyayā ← kṛtyā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “magic; spirit; kṛtyā; Kṛtyā; witchcraft; act.”

• sukṛtyayemahe ← īmahe ← ī ← √i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “beg; solicit.”

महः दिवः महतो द्युलोकस्य सधस्थेषु सहस्थानेषु स्थितं नृम्णानि धनानि बिभ्रतम् अस्मदर्थं धारयन्तं चारुं कल्याणं तं पवमानं त्वा त्वां सुकृत्यया शोभनया क्रियया ईमहे धनानि याचामहे ॥

English translation:

“By sacred rites we solicit (wealth) of you, auspicious, bearing wealth, abiding in the regions of the vast heaven.”

You who bear your manly powers among the seats of great heaven we implore for something dear through this good ritual performance—

Geldner and Renou take cā́rum as referring to Soma, as it, admittedly, often does. I interpr.

it rather as a 2nd obj. of īmahe (√yā / ī ‘implore, beg for’. (Geldner takes the verb to √yā ‘go’ [“nahen wir”], while Renou takes it to ‘implore’, but with a single obj.) Either interpr. is possible; I find myself more sympathetic to that of Geldner/Renou than I originally was, though I am far from disavowing the published translation

The possible allusion to the Somaraub in this vs. is quite muted, but I wonder if the depiction of Soma “bearing his manly powers among the seats of great heaven” (sadhástheṣu mahó diváḥ) could refer to Soma when he is being kept captive in heaven in the myth. A very slight piece of evidence for this is that Kṛśānu, the archer in the Somaraub story (see IV.27.3), is located sadhástha ā́“in the seat” in X.64.8, but I would put little or no weight on this.

WITH sacrifice we seek to thee kind Cherisher of manly might
In mansions of the lofty heavens;

Dir da, der die Manneskräfte bringt an den Stätten des hohen Himmels, dem Beliebten nahen wir mit frommem Werke,

Dich, der du Manneskräfte hegst in des erhabnen Himmeis Sitz, Den theuren flehn durch Opfer wir.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब परमात्मा के गुण, कर्म और स्वभाव कहे जाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (नृम्णानि बिभ्रतम्) अनेक रत्नों को धारण करनेवाले (दिवो महः) द्युलोक के प्रकाशक (सुकृत्यया चारुम्) सुन्दर कर्मों से शोभायमान (तं त्वा) पूर्वोक्त आपकी (सधस्थेषु) यज्ञस्थलों में (ईमहे) स्तुति करते हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सम्पूर्ण ऐश्वर्यों का धारण करनेवाला एकमात्र परमात्मा ही है ॥१॥

अथ जगत्कर्तुः गुणकर्मस्वभावा उच्यन्ते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (नृम्णानि बिभ्रतम्) बहुरत्नधारणकर्त्तारं (दिवो महः) द्युलोकप्रकाशकं (सुकृत्यया चारुम्) मनोहरकृत्यैः शोभायमानं (तं त्वा) पूर्वोक्तं भवन्तं (सधस्थेषु) यज्ञस्थलेषु (ईमहे) स्तुमः ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सं᳓वृक्तधृष्णुम् उक्थि᳓यम्
महा᳓महिव्रतम् म᳓दम्
शत᳓म् पु᳓रो रुरुक्ष᳓णिम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
sáṁvr̥ktadhr̥ṣṇum ← sáṁvr̥ktadhr̥ṣṇu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ukthyàm ← ukthyà- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mádam ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahā́mahivratam ← mahā́mahivrata- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

púraḥ ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

rurukṣáṇim ← rurukṣáṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, mood:DES}

śatám ← śatá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

संवृ॑क्तऽधृष्णुम् । उ॒क्थ्य॑म् । म॒हाऽम॑हिव्रतम् । मद॑म् ।
श॒तम् । पुरः॑ । रु॒रु॒क्षणि॑म् ॥

• saṃvṛktadhṛṣṇum ← saṃvṛkta ← saṃvṛj ← √vṛj
• [verb noun]

• saṃvṛktadhṛṣṇum ← dhṛṣṇum ← dhṛṣṇu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “brave; ferocious; strong.”

• ukthyam ← ukthya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “applaudable.”

• mahāmahivratam ← mahā ← mahat
• [noun]
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• mahāmahivratam ← mahi
• [noun]
• “great; firm.”

• mahāmahivratam ← vratam ← vrata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

• madam ← mada
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• śatam ← śata
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• puro ← puraḥ ← pur
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• rurukṣaṇim ← rurukṣaṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

हे सोम संवृक्तधृष्णुम् । संवृक्ताः संछिन्ना धृष्णवो धर्षणशीलाः शत्रवो येनासौ संवृक्तधृष्णुः। तम् उक्थ्यम् उक्थार्हं प्रशस्यं महामहिव्रतं महनीयबहुकर्माणं मदं मदकरं शतं बहूनि पुरः शत्रूणां पुराणि रुरुक्षणिं विनाशयन्तं त्वां धनानीमह इति संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“The overthrower of the resolute (foe), the praiseworthy, to whom many solemn observances are addressed, the exhilarator, the destroyer of a hundred cities (of the asuras).”

You who have encoiled the bold and are worthy of hymns, having very great commandments, exhilarating,
eager to break a hundred strongholds.

This vs. is couched in the acc. and entirely dependent on vs. 1, qualifying Soma.

Contra Grassmann, the cmpd sáṃvṛkta-dhṛṣṇu- must be a bahuvrīhi; cf. esp. Oldenberg and Scarlatta (504).

The cmpd mahā́mahivrata- is unusual in having three members, esp. since the first two are etym. identical. With AiG II.1.236 it’s best to take mahā́as ‘very’ (cf. also Schmidt, vrata p. 100).

There is somewhat stronger evidence for a Somaraub connection in this vs. than in vs. 1. In particular Soma is said to be “eager to break a hundred strongholds” (śatám púro rurukṣáṇim); in IV.27.1 these same (or similar) strongholds guarded him (śatám mā púra ā́yasīr arakṣan) before he was rescued, and so he would be eager to break out of them. Note the phonological similarity between arakṣan and rurukṣáṇim; the latter is a hapax, with in fact no other desid. forms built to the root √ruj elsewhere in Skt., so the echo may have been deliberately constructed.

If pāda c refers to Soma’s desire to break out of confinement, it’s possible that sáṃvṛkta-dhṛṣṇu- also refers to this confinement: ‘having his bold(ness) encoiled’, with dhrṣṇu a quality of Soma - rather than my original interpr., that Soma had encoiled the dhṛṣṇú- of another. Note that Soma is qualifed by dhṛṣṇú- in the immediately preceding hymn (IX.47.2). The use of the idiom sáṃvṛkta- ‘encoiled, encircled’ could reflect the circular fortresses.

A connection between the 100 strongholds in this vs. and the explicit Somaraub allusion in the next vs. was suggested by Hilldebrandt, but unfortunately rejected by Oldenberg— too fastidiously I think.

Gladdening crusher of the bold, ruling with very mighty sway,
Destroyer of a hundred forts.

Der die Mutigen für sich gewinnt, dem preiswürdigen großen Gebieter, dem Rauschtrank, der hundert Burgen brechen will.

Den beutelust’gen, rühmlichen, den sehr gewalt’gen Somatrank, Der hundert Burgen leicht zerbricht.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (संवृक्तधृष्णुम्) धर्मपथ को छोड़ अधर्मपथ को ग्रहण करनेवाले दुराचारियों को नाश करनेवाले (उक्थ्यम्) स्तुति करने योग्य (मदम्) बड़ेश्रेष्ठव्रतों को धारण करनेवाले (शतं पुरो रुरुक्षणिम्) आनन्दजनक दुष्कर्मियों के अनेक पुरों को नाश करनेवाले आपकी स्तुति करते हैं॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सत्य के विरोधी अनन्त दुष्टों का भी नाश करनेवाला है, इसलिये सत्यव्रती होने के लिये उसी प्रकाशस्वरूप परमात्मा की उपासना की आवश्यकता है; उससे सम्पूर्ण अज्ञानों को दूर करके एकमात्र अपने सच्चे ज्ञान का प्रकाश करें ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (संवृक्तधृष्णुम्) धर्मपथमपहायाधर्मपथमाश्रितानां दुराचारिणां नाशकं (उक्थ्यम्) स्तुत्यं (महामहिव्रतम्) महाश्रेष्ठव्रतकर्तारम् (मदम्) आनन्दकारकं (शतं पुरो रुरुक्षणिम्) दुष्टपुरनाशकं भवन्तं स्तुमः ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓तस् तुवा रयि᳓म् अभि᳓
रा᳓जानं सुक्रतो दिवः᳓
सुपर्णो᳓ अव्यथि᳓र् भरत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

átas ← átas (invariable)

rayím ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

rā́jānam ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sukrato ← sukrátu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

avyathíḥ ← avyathí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bharat ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

suparṇáḥ ← suparṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अतः॑ । त्वा॒ । र॒यिम् । अ॒भि । राजा॑नम् । सु॒क्र॒तो॒ इति॑ सुऽक्रतो । दि॒वः ।
सु॒ऽप॒र्णः । अ॒व्य॒थिः । भ॒र॒त् ॥

• atas
• [adverb]
• “now; therefore; then; from there; hence; consequently; then; hence; henceforth.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• rayim ← rayi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• rājānaṃ ← rājānam ← rājan
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• sukrato ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sukrato ← krato ← kratu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• suparṇo ← suparṇaḥ ← suparṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Garuda; Suparṇa; bird of prey; Suparṇa; suparṇa; Suparṇa; eagle.”

• avyathir ← avyathiḥ ← avyathi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “surefooted.”

• bharat ← bhṛ
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

हे सोम रयिमभि धनं प्रति राजानं त्वा त्वाम् अतः दिवः अमुष्मात् द्युलोकात् सुक्रतुः सुप्रज्ञः अव्यथिः व्यथारहितः सुपर्णः श्येनः भरत् आहरत् । तथा च निगमान्तरम्– ‘ आदाय श्येनो अभरत्सोमं सहस्रं सवाँ’ (ऋ. सं. ४.२६.७ ) इति ॥

English translation:

“O (Soma), doer of good deeds, the unwearied hawk brought you, king over riches, from this heaven.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Hawk: cf. RV 4. 026.07

From there, from heaven, the unfaltering falcon brought
you, the king, to wealth, o strong-willed one.

The átaḥ ‘from there’ that begins this vs. was used by Hillebrandt as evidence for the mythological connection between vss. 2 and 3, persuasively in my view, contra Oldenberg

Hence, Sapient One! the Falcon, strong of wing, unwearied, brought thee down,
Lord over riches, from the sky.

Von diesem Himmel brachte dich, den König, du Einsichtiger, zum Reichtum der Adler ohne fehlzugehen.

Von dort her brachte dich, den Schatz, den Himmelskönig, mächtiger! Der Adler, der nicht wankt im Flug.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुक्रतो) हे शोभनकर्मों से विराजमान ! (रयिम् अभि राजानम्) आप जो कि सम्पूर्ण धनाद्यैश्वर्य के स्वामी हैं और (दिवः सुपर्णः) द्युलोक में भी चेतनरूप से विराजमान हैं और (अव्यथिभर्रत्) अनायास संसार को पालन करनेवाले हैं (अतस्त्वा) इससे आपकी स्तुति करते हैं॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सम्पूर्ण लोक-लोकान्तरों का अधिपति एकमात्र परमात्मा ही है, इसलिए उसी परमात्मा की उपासना करनी चाहिए, जिससे बढ़कर जीव का कोई अन्य स्वामी नहीं हो सकता॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुक्रतो) हे शुभकर्मशोभायमान परमात्मन् ! (रयिम् अभि राजानम्) भवान् यदखिलधनाद्यैश्वर्यस्वाम्यस्ति तथा (दिवः सुपर्णः) द्युलोकेऽपि चैतन्यतया प्रतिष्ठितोऽस्ति अथ च (अव्यथिभर्रत्) विनाप्रयासतस्संसारस्य संरक्षकोऽस्ति (अतस्त्वा) अतो वयं भवतः स्तुतिं कुर्मः ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

वि᳓श्वस्मा इ᳓त् सु᳓वर् दृशे᳓
सा᳓धारणं रजस्तु᳓रम्
गोपा᳓म् ऋत᳓स्य वि᳓र् भरत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dr̥śé ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

víśvasmai ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

rajastúram ← rajastúr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sā́dhāraṇam ← sā́dhāraṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bharat ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gopā́m ← gopā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

víḥ ← ví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

विश्व॑स्मै । इत् । स्वः॑ । दृ॒शे । साधा॑रणम् । र॒जः॒ऽतुर॑म् ।
गो॒पाम् । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । विः । भ॒र॒त् ॥

• viśvasmā ← viśvasmai ← viśva
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• dṛśe ← dṛś
• [verb noun]
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

• sādhāraṇaṃ ← sādhāraṇam ← sādhāraṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “general; sādhāraṇa; common; average; general.”

• rajasturam ← rajastur
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• gopām ← gopā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “herder; defender.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• vir ← viḥ ← vi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “vi; bird; vi.”

• bharat ← bhṛ
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

रजस्तुरम् उदकस्य प्रेरकम् ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य गोपां गोपायितारं विश्वस्मै सर्वस्मै स्वदृशे सर्वदृशे देवाय साधारणम् इत् समानमेव सन्तं सोमं विः पक्षी श्येनः भरत् स्वर्गादाहरत् ॥

English translation:

“The bird brought you, the showerer of water, the protector of the sacrifice, the common property of every god.”

It was for everyone to see the sun that the bird brought you as one (to be) held in common,
the herdsman of truth, crossing through the airy realm. ᳓

That each may see the light, the Bird brought us the guard of Law, the Friend
Of all, the speeder through the air.

Für jeden, daß er die Sonne sehe, brachte der Vogel als gemeinsamen Besitz den Hüter der Opferordnung, der den Raum durcheilt.

Dass jeder recht die Sonne schau, so bracht’ der Aar den Schirm des Rechts, Der alles schützt, die Luft durchdringt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वस्मै इत् स्वर्दृशे) हे परमात्मन् ! आप सब ही दिव्यगुणसम्पन्न विद्वानों के लिये (साधारणम्) समान हैं और (रजस्तुरम्) प्रधानतया रजोगुण के प्रेरक हैं (ऋतस्य गोपाम्) तथा यज्ञ के रक्षिता हैं और (विः) सर्वव्यापक होकर (भरत्) संसार का पालन करते हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार प्रकृति के तीनों गुणों में से रजोगुण की प्रधानता है अर्थात् रजोगुण सत्त्वगुण और तमोगुण को धारण किये हुए रहता है, इसी प्रकार से परमात्मा के सत्, चित् और आनन्द इन तीनों गुणों में से चित् की प्रधानता है। अर्थात् चित् ही सत् और आनन्द का भी प्रकाशक है। इसी प्रकार परमात्मा के तेजोमय गुण को प्रधान समझकर उसके उपलब्ध करने की चेष्टा करनी चाहिए॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वस्मै इत् स्वर्दृशे) हे जगदीश्वर ! भवान् दिव्यगुणसमपन्नाय सर्वस्मै विदुषे (साधारणम्) समानोऽस्ति। अथ च (रजस्तुरम्) प्रधानतया रजोगुणप्रेरकोऽस्ति। (ऋतस्य गोपाम्) तथा यज्ञरक्षकश्चास्ति। अथ च (विः) सर्वत्र व्यापकतया (भरत्) जगतः पालनं करोति ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓धा हिन्वान᳓ इन्द्रियं᳓
ज्या᳓यो महित्व᳓म् आनशे
अभिष्टिकृ᳓द् वि᳓चर्षणिः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ádha ← ádha (invariable)

hinvānáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

indriyám ← indriyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ānaśe ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

jyā́yaḥ ← jyā́yaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

mahitvám ← mahitvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

abhiṣṭikŕ̥t ← abhiṣṭikŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vícarṣaṇiḥ ← vícarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अध॑ । हि॒न्वा॒नः । इ॒न्द्रि॒यम् । ज्यायः॑ । म॒हि॒ऽत्वम् । आ॒न॒शे॒ ।
अ॒भि॒ष्टि॒ऽकृत् । विऽच॑र्षणिः ॥

• adhā ← adha
• [adverb]
• “then; and; therefore; now.”

• hinvāna ← hinvānaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• indriyaṃ ← indriyam ← indriya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “aindra.”

• jyāyo ← jyāyaḥ ← jyāyas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “better; elder; greater; bigger.”

• mahitvam ← mahi
• [noun]
• “great; firm.”

• mahitvam ← tvam ← tva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “state; quality; cause; reason.”

• ānaśe ← aś
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

• abhiṣṭikṛd ← abhiṣṭi
• [noun], feminine
• “prevalence; protection.”

• abhiṣṭikṛd ← kṛt
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “causing; making; performing; promotive; producing; doing; acting; writing; transforming; effecting.”

• vicarṣaṇiḥ ← vicarṣaṇi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “excellent.”

अध अथ विचर्षणिः कर्मणां विद्रष्टा अभिष्टिकृत् यजमानानामभीष्टस्य फलस्य कर्ता सोमः इन्द्रियं स्वकीयं बलं हिन्वानः प्रेरयन् ज्यायः प्रशस्यतरं महित्वं महत्त्वम् आनशे प्राप्नोति ॥ ॥ ५ ॥

English translation:

“The contemplator of all, the granter of desires, putting forth his energy obtains superior greatness.”

And now, being impelled, he has acquired more eminent greatness, appropriate to Indra,
as the limitless creator of superiority.

And now, sent forth, it hath attained to mighty power and majesty,
Most active, ready to assist.

Und nun zur Eile getrieben hat er die überlegene indrische Macht erlangt, der Ausgezeichnete, der die Überlegenheit verleiht.

Da hat, entsandt, noch herrlicher des Indra Grösse er erreicht, Der Hülfe schafft, der emsige.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अधा) आप (इन्द्रियं हिन्वानः) इन्द्रिय के प्रेरक हैं (ज्यायः) सर्वोपरि विराजमान होने से (महित्वमानशे) अपनी महिमा से सर्वत्र व्याप्त हो रहे हैं (अभिष्टिकृत्) तथा अपने भक्तों के लिये कामनाओं के प्रदाता हैं (विचर्षणिः) सबके कर्मों के द्रष्टा हैं॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जीवों के अन्दर अन्तर्यामी रूप से व्याप्त एकमात्र परमात्मा ही है, कोई अन्य देव नहीं॥५॥ यह ४८ वाँ सूक्त और ५ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अधा) भवान् (इन्द्रियं हिन्वानः) इन्द्रियप्रेरकोऽस्ति (ज्यायः) सर्वोपरि स्थिततया (महित्वमानशे) स्वतेजसा सर्वत्र व्याप्तो भवसि त्वम्। (अभिष्टिकृत्) तथा स्वभक्तेभ्योऽभीष्टदाताऽसि। (विचर्षणिः) अथ च सर्वेषां कर्मणां प्रेक्षकोऽसि ॥५॥ इति अष्टचत्वारिंशत्तमं सूक्तं पञ्चमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥