०४७

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अया᳓ सो᳓मः सुकृत्य᳓या
मह᳓श् चिद् अभ्य् अ᳡वर्धत
मन्दान᳓ उ᳓द् वृषायते

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ayā́ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sukr̥tyáyā ← sukr̥tyā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

avardhata ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}

cit ← cit (invariable)

maháḥ ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mandānáḥ ← √mand- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

út ← út (invariable)

vr̥ṣāyate ← √vr̥ṣāy- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

अ॒या । सोमः॑ । सु॒ऽकृ॒त्यया॑ । म॒हः । चि॒त् । अ॒भि । अ॒व॒र्ध॒त॒ ।
म॒न्दा॒नः । उत् । वृ॒ष॒ऽय॒ते॒ ॥

• ayā ← idam
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sukṛtyayā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sukṛtyayā ← kṛtyayā ← kṛtyā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “magic; spirit; kṛtyā; Kṛtyā; witchcraft; act.”

• mahaś ← mahaḥ ← maha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “great; abundant.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• abhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• avardhata ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• mandāna ← mandānaḥ ← mad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• vṛṣāyate ← vṛṣāy
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

सोमः अया अनया सुकृत्यया शोभनयाभिषवादिलक्षणया क्रियया महश्चित् महतो देवान् प्रति अभ्यवर्धत प्रवृद्धोऽभूत् । मन्दानः मोदमानः उद्वृषायते वृषवदाचरति । यथा मोदमानो वृषभः शब्दं करोति तथाभिषववेलायामुपरवेषु शब्दं करोतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“By this sacred solemnity the Soma is magnified before the mighty (gods); exulting he moves like a bull.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Or, rorars like a bull, i.e., on the sounding holes: sāmaveda

Through this good ritual performance Soma has waxed strong even over the great ones.
Becoming exhilarated, he up and acts the bull.

Both Geldner and Renou take maháḥ as a nom. sg. masc. to them. mahá- (so also Grassmann), referring to Soma. With immed. flg. cid the phrase is taken as “already great” (“schon so grosse,” “si grand (fût-il déjà)”), as an implicit contrast with the verb, (abhy) ávardhata, which indicates that he has grown (further) despite his already large size. This if of course possible. By contrast I take maháḥ as acc. pl. m. to máh-. My reason for this is the preverb abhí: in the few occurrences of abhí √vṛdh, the lexeme takes an acc. complement even in the middle. Cf. II.17.4 víśvā bhúvanābhí … abhy ávardhata “he [=Indra] grew strong over all the worlds.” As to who or what these great ones are, perhaps the gods, since the phrase mahó devā́n is not uncommon. Given that Soma here is being assimilated to Indra - who is the standard subject of both mandāná- (I.80.6, etc. etc.) and vṛṣāyáte (cf., e.g., IX.108.2) - asserting his mastery over the (other) gods wouldn’t be surprising.

GREAT as he was, Soma hath gained strength by this high solemnity:
joyous he riseth like a bull.

Durch diese geschickte Behandlung erstarkte der schon so große Soma noch mehr; sich berauschend steigt er wie ein Bulle auf.

So gross er war, doch grösser noch ward Soma durch das fromme Werk, Erfreut geräth in Wallung er.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब परमात्मा उद्योग का उपदेश करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमः) परमात्मा (अया सुकृत्यया) विद्वानों के शुभकर्म्मों से (मन्दानः) हर्ष को प्राप्त होता हुआ (महश्चित्अभ्यवर्धत) उनको अत्यन्त अभ्युदय को प्राप्त कराता है और (उद् वृषायते)उन विद्वानों के लिये बल प्रदान करता है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हेअभ्युदयाभिलाषी जनों ! यदि आप अभ्युदय को चाहते हैं, तो एकमात्र परमात्मा की शरण को प्राप्त होकर उद्योगी बनें॥१॥

अथ परमात्मा उद्योगमुपदिशति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमः) परमात्मा (अया सुकृत्यया) विदुषां शुभकर्मणा (मन्दानः) प्रहृष्यन् (महश्चित् अभ्यवर्धत) तेभ्यः पण्डितेभ्यः अभ्युदयं प्रापयति।अथ च (उद्वृषायते) तेभ्यो बलं प्रददाति॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

कृता᳓नी᳓द् अस्य क᳓र्तुवा
चे᳓तन्ते दस्युत᳓र्हणा
ऋणा᳓ च धृष्णु᳓श् चयते

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

kártvā ← kártva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

kr̥tā́ni ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

cétante ← √cit- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dasyutárhaṇā ← dasyutárhaṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

ca ← ca (invariable)

cayate ← √ci- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dhr̥ṣṇúḥ ← dhr̥ṣṇú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥ṇā́ ← r̥ṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

कृ॒तानि॑ । इत् । अ॒स्य॒ । कर्त्वा॑ । चेत॑न्ते । द॒स्यु॒ऽतर्ह॑णा ।
ऋ॒णा । च॒ । धृ॒ष्णुः । च॒य॒ते॒ ॥

• kṛtānīd ← kṛtāni ← kṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• kṛtānīd ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• kartvā ← kartva
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter

• cetante ← cit
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

• dasyutarhaṇā ← dasyu
• [noun], masculine
• “savage; outcast; mugger.”

• dasyutarhaṇā ← tarhaṇā ← tarhaṇa
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter

• ṛṇā ← ṛṇa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “debt; debt; ṛṇa [word].”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• dhṛṣṇuś ← dhṛṣṇuḥ ← dhṛṣṇu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “brave; ferocious; strong.”

• cayate ← ci
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “cover; accumulate; pile up; pick; cover.”

अस्य यस्य एतस्य सोमस्य दस्युतर्हणा दस्यूनामसुराणां नाशकानि कर्त्वा कर्माणि सः इत् अस्माभिरेव सोऽयं धृष्णुः धृष्टः सोमो यजमानानाम् ऋणा च ऋणान्यपि चयते कामप्रदानेन चातयति ॥

English translation:

“They publish his exploits, his acts of Dasyu-crushing; resolute he acquite the debts (of the worshipper).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Cetanti may also mean, ‘are conscious’

His deeds done and to be done, crushing the Dasyus, are conspicuous, and the bold one exacts recompense for debts.

His task is done: his crushings of the Dasyus are made manifest:
He sternly reckoneth their debts.

Die Dasyuzerschmetterungen, die er getan hat und noch tun wird, sind bekannt, und mutig treibt er die Bußen ein.

Was ihm zu thun, hat er gethan, seht, wie er die Dämonen schlug, Und Sünden straft, der kühne Held.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - विद्वान्लोग (अस्यइत्)इस परमात्मा के (दस्युतर्हणा कृतानि कर्त्वा)दुष्टनाशनरूप किये हुये कर्म्मों का (चेतन्ते)स्मरण करते हैं (धृष्णुः)और स्वयंशासक वह परमात्मा (ऋणा च चयते) देवऋणादि तीनों ऋणों के उद्धार का उपदेश करता है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - देवऋण, पितृऋण, ऋषिऋण इन तीन ऋणों को उतारने योग्य वही पुरुष हो सकता है, जो परमात्माज्ञापालन करता हुआ उद्योगी बनता है॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - विद्वज्जनाः (अस्य इत्) अस्य परमात्मनः (दस्युतर्हणा कृतानि कर्त्वा) दुष्टहननरूपाणि कर्माणि (चेतन्ते) संस्मरन्ति। (धृष्णुः) अथ च स्वयंशास्ता स जगदाधारः (ऋणा च चयते) देवर्षिपितॄणां ऋणोद्धारमुपदिशति॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓त् सो᳓म इन्द्रियो᳓ र᳓सो
व᳓ज्रः सहस्रसा᳓ भुवत्
उक्थं᳓ य᳓द् अस्य जा᳓यते

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́t ← ā́t (invariable)

indriyáḥ ← indriyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rásaḥ ← rása- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bhuvat ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sahasrasā́ḥ ← sahasrasā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vájraḥ ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

jā́yate ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ukthám ← ukthá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

आत् । सोमः॑ । इ॒न्द्रि॒यः । रसः॑ । वज्रः॑ । स॒ह॒स्र॒ऽसाः । भु॒व॒त् ।
उ॒क्थम् । यत् । अ॒स्य॒ । जाय॑ते ॥

• āt
• [adverb]
• “then.”

• soma ← somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• indriyo ← indriyaḥ ← indriya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “aindra.”

• raso ← rasaḥ ← rasa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mercury; juice; medicine; rasa; alchemy; liquid; Rasa; mahārasa; taste; broth; elixir; resin; rasa; essence; six; water; soup; liquid body substance; rasa; formulation; myrrh; rasa [word]; amṛta; purpose; delight; solution; milk; beverage; alcohol; sap; nectar; Rasātala.”

• vajraḥ ← vajra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

• sahasrasā ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasrasā ← sāḥ ← sā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• bhuvat ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• ukthaṃ ← uktham ← uktha
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• jāyate ← jan
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

यत् यदा अस्य इन्द्रस्य उक्थं शस्त्रं जायते प्रादुर्भवति तत् आत् अनन्तरमेव इन्द्रियः इन्द्रस्य प्रियकरः रसः बलवान् वज्रः वज्रसदृशः केनाप्यहिंस्यः सोमः सहस्रसाः अस्मभ्यमपरिमितस्य धनस्य दाता भवति ॥

English translation:

“When the praise of Indra is recited, then the juice dear to him, vigorous as a thunderbolt, give us unlimited wealth.”

Then Soma, the sap destined for Indra, becomes a mace winning
thousands,
when a hymn is born for him.

Soon as his song of praise is born, the Soma, Indra’s juice, becomes
A thousand-winning thunderbolt.

Und Soma, der indrische Saft, wird zur tausendgewinnenden Keule, wenn das Preislied auf ihn gedichtet wird.

Wenn ihm das Loblied wird erzeugt, dann wird des Indra Somatrank Ein Blitz, der tausend Güter schenkt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत् अस्य उक्थम् जायते)अब इस परमात्मा की वेदरूपी स्तुति का आविर्भाव होता है (आत्) तब (सोमः) वह परमात्मा (इन्द्रियः रसः) जीवात्मा का तृप्तिकारक आनन्दमय रस तथा (वज्रः) दुष्टों से रक्षा करने के लियेशस्त्ररूप और (सहस्रसाः) अनन्त शक्तियों का प्रदाता (भुवत्) होता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जीवात्मा के लिये परमात्मा ने अनन्त शक्तियें प्रदान की हैं, परन्तु उन सबका आविर्भाव तभी होता है, जब जीवात्मा वेदों द्वारा उन शक्तियों का ज्ञाता बनता है॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत् अस्य उक्थम् जायते) यदास्य परमात्मनः वेदरूपिणी स्तुतिराविर्भवति (आत्) तदा (सोमः) स परमात्मा (इन्द्रियः रसः) जीवात्मनस्तृप्तिकारकं मोदमयरसं तथा (वज्रः) दुष्टेभ्यो रक्षणाय शस्त्ररूपः तथा (सहस्रसाः) अनन्तशक्तिप्रदाता (भुवत्) भवति॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स्वयं᳓ कवि᳓र् विधर्त᳓रि
वि᳓प्राय र᳓त्नम् इछति
य᳓दी मर्मृज्य᳓ते धि᳓यः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svayám ← svayám (invariable)

vidhartári ← vidhartár- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, number:SG}

ichati ← √iṣ- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rátnam ← rátna- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

víprāya ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

dhíyaḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

marmr̥jyáte ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yádi ← yádi (invariable)

स्व॒यम् । क॒विः । वि॒ऽध॒र्तरि॑ । विप्रा॑य । रत्न॑म् । इ॒च्छ॒ति॒ ।
यदि॑ । म॒र्मृ॒ज्यते॑ । धियः॑ ॥

• svayaṃ ← svayam
• [adverb]
• “personally; spontaneously; svayam [word]; voluntarily.”

• kavir ← kaviḥ ← kavi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• vidhartari ← vidhartṛ
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “organizer.”

• viprāya ← vipra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Brahmin; poet; singer; priest; guru; Vipra.”

• ratnam ← ratna
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”

• icchati ← iṣ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

• yadī ← yadi
• [adverb]
• “if; in case.”

• marmṛjyate ← marmṛj ← √mṛj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “groom; wash; rub.”

• dhiyaḥ ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

यदि कविः क्रान्तकर्मा अयं सोमः धियः धीभिः। विभक्तिव्यत्ययः। धीतिभिः । अङ्गुलीभिरित्यर्थः । मर्मृज्यते शोध्यते तर्हि स्वयं स्वयमेव विप्राय मेधाविने विधर्तरि कामानां विधातरीन्द्रे रत्नं रमणीयं धनम् इच्छति । इन्द्रेण धनं दापयितुमिच्छतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“When the sage Soma is cleansed by the fingers, he of his own accord desires wealth for the pious worshipper in (Indra), the granter of wishes.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Indra, the granter of wishes: vidhartari = vidhātarindre; adding, indreṇa dhanam dāpayitum icchati, he desires to cause Indra to give wealth

Himself a sage poet, he seeks a treasure for the inspired poet at (the hands of) the distributor,
as he keeps grooming his insightful thoughts.

On the disputed interpr. of vidhartári, see comm. ad VIII.70.2. As I disc. there, I interpr. the form not as an infinitive (with many), but as the loc. of the agent noun that it is morphologically. Here I envisage Soma in the role of a facilitator: he wants the vípra (presumably the human poet) to get a dakṣiṇā from the patron (/apportioner: vidhartár-), and sets about making that happen.

In c yádī is much better read yád ī, with the enclitic acc. prn. ī doubling the obj.

dhíyaḥ. It is difficult to construct an “if” reading.

The subj. of marmrjyáte is unspecified and unclear; it could either be Soma as kaví or the human vípra - or both.

Seer and Sustainer, he himself desireth riches for the sage
When he embellisheth his songs.

Selbst wünscht der Seher dem Beredten die Belohnung auszuteilen, wenn er die Gedanken herausputzt.

Er selbst, der weise, wünschet dann dem Sänger Schätze zu verleihn, Wenn dieser ihm Gebete schmückt.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यदि धियः मर्मृज्यते)यदि यह परमात्मा बुद्धि द्वारा ध्यानविषय किया जाता है, तो (स्वयं कविः) स्वयं वेदादि काव्यों का रचयिता वह परमात्मा (विधर्तरि) रत्नादिकों को विरुद्ध धारण करनेवाले असत्कर्मियों से (विप्रायरत्नम् इच्छति)सत्कर्मी विद्वान् को रत्नादि ऐश्वर्य्य दिलाने की इच्छा करता है॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा किसी को बिना कारण ऊँच नीच नहीं बनाता,किन्तु कर्म्मानुकूल फल देता है, इसलिये उद्योगी औरसदाचारियों को ही ऐश्वर्य्य मिलता है, अन्यों को नहीं॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यदि धियः मर्मृज्यते) यद्यसौ परमेश्वरो बुद्ध्या ध्यानविषयः क्रियते तर्हि (स्वयं कविः) आत्मनैव वेदादिकाव्यानां विरचयिता स परमेश्वरः (विधर्तरि) रत्नादिविरुद्धधारणकर्तृभिः असत्कर्मिभिः (विप्राय रत्नम् इच्छति) सत्कर्मिणं विद्वांसं रत्नाद्यैश्वर्यं दातुमिच्छति॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - कविर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सिषास᳓तू रयीणां᳐᳓
वा᳓जेषु अ᳓र्वताम् इव
भ᳓रेषु जिग्यु᳓षाम् असि

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
rayīṇā́m ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

siṣāsátū ← siṣāsátu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, mood:DES}

árvatām ← árvant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

vā́jeṣu ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

bháreṣu ← bhára- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

jigyúṣām ← √ji- 1 (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

सि॒सा॒सतुः॑ । र॒यी॒णाम् । वाजे॑षु । अर्व॑ताम्ऽइव ।
भरे॑षु । जि॒ग्युषा॑म् । अ॒सि॒ ॥

• siṣāsatū ← siṣāsatu
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “desirous.”

• rayīṇāṃ ← rayīṇām ← rayi
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• vājeṣv ← vājeṣu ← vāja
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• arvatām ← arvant
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “horse.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• bhareṣu ← bhara
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “battle; weight; foray; bhṛ; load.”

• jigyuṣām ← ji
• [verb noun], genitive, plural
• “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

हे सोम त्वं भरेषु संग्रामेषु जिग्युषां शत्रून् जयतां रयीणां धनानां सिषासतुः संभक्तुमिच्छुः असि भवसि । शत्रून् जयद्योत् धनानि प्रयच्छसीत्यर्थः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः। वाजेषु संग्रामेषु अर्वतामिव अश्वानामिव । यथा संग्रामं प्रविशद्भ्योऽश्वेभ्यो घासं प्रयच्छन्ति तद्वदित्यर्थः॥ ॥ ४ ॥

English translation:

“You desire to give wealth to those who conquer in combat as (men offer fodder) to horses in battle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

You desire to give wealth: siṣāsatuḥ; another interpretation treats this term as 3rd dual, ’they two desire wealth’; bhareṣu jigyuṣāmasi = you are on the side of the successful in battle

Desirous of winning riches, as of winning chargers at prize-contests, you are among those who are victorious in the raids.1274 IX. 48–49

This vs. has a number of difficulties, both morphologically and syntactically. The most immediate is the first word siṣāsátū (Pp. rightly siṣāsátuḥ). Grassmann takes it as a nom. sg. m.

adj. built to the desid. (so already Sāyaṇa.; cf. AiG II.2.667), fld by Oldenberg, Renou, and the publ tr.; the alternative solution is to interpr. it as a 3rd dual perfect-like form built to the desid., as suggested by Ludwig, fld. by Geldner (see his n. 5a), Ober. (Relig. RV I.537), and Heenen (Desid. 239 + n. 264). I would be more sympathetic to the du. pf. interpr. if there were a clear way to get a dual subject. But the only indication of a subject in this vs. is contained in the 2nd sg. asi at the end of the vs., and the attempt of Geldner et al. to invent a dual subject is exceptionally clumsy: by their interpr. Soma, the 2nd sg. referent in asi, is on one side or faction, and there is another side that ought implicitly to contrast with Soma’s side, but somehow doesn’t in his tr. Acdg to Geldner, the two sides are racehorses (árvant- in b) and “Beutemacher” (the victors in raids in c). Since the putative desiderative pf. is already anomalous, the contextual melt-down and the multiplying of invisible actors make this an unattractive solution. So, better to deal with the alternative morphological anomaly, a desiderative adj. in -tu- apparently formed to the desid. verbal stem; this adj., as a singular, can easily qualify the sg. subj. of asi. Debrunner (II.2.666-67) cites a few such forms in -tuthat could be associated with a them. pres. stem (though all with suffixal accent, i.e., -tú-).

He suggests that our form is an Ersatz for the -u-adj. siṣāsú- (1x I.102.6), and this seems to me the right path to take, though the details aren’t clear. I would tentatively suggest that it is a blend - or, perhaps better, a remarking - of the two verbal adj. suffixes available to desiderative stems: the normal pres. part. act. in -ant-, well attested to this stem (síṣāsant-, - at-), and the verbal adj. suffix -u- specific to the desid. (as in siṣāsú- just cited). It might be possible to image the addition of the -u-suffix to the weak form of the pres. part. śiṣāsat-.

Unfortunately this founders on the accent, which cannot easily be explained; this is the only advantage of the pf. du. explanation, which would have the correct accent.

Even assuming that siṣāsátuḥ is a desiderative adj., construed with gen. rayīṇā́m in the same pāda, we are not out of the woods, and I am not satisfied with the published translation or with the suggested tr. of Oldenberg and Renou The three pādas of the vs. have an apparently parallel structure, esp. the last two. All three contain a gen. pl. - rayīṇā́m ‘of riches’ (a), árvatām ‘of chargers’ (b), and jigyúṣām ‘of winners’ (c); the last two pādas also contain loc. pls., vā́jeṣu ‘at prize contests’ (b) and bháreṣu ‘at raids’ (c). Pāda b is also marked as a simile, with the simile marker iva following the whole simile, not the first word (as also in the last hymn, IX.46.1b). Are all three pādas truly parallel - and in particular should siṣāsatúḥ be understood in b and c, as in a, where it governs rayīṇā́m? Both Oldenberg and Renou understand siṣāsatúḥ with all three pādas, but take the genitives of b and c in datival function (identifying the groups for which Soma wishes to win riches), not parallel to rayīṇā́m. Cf. “Du bist der Erstreber von Reichtümern, wie für die Renner beim Gewinn der Preise, (so) für die Sieger in den bhára.” This neatly solves the problem that the gen. pl.s of b and c refer not to a substance (wealth) one might strive to win, but to animate beings that might be striving to win it themselves, so the morphologically parallel forms do not seem to be semantically or functionally parallel. My own solution in the published translation is, I now see, considerably inferior to the Oldenberg/Renou one: I take b with a, but not c, making ‘chargers’ a substance Soma seeks to win and also eliding the simile. I would now reject this interpr. For c in the published translation I made the gen. pl a partitive: “you are among those / (one) of those who are victorious …” Although this interpr. seems a little artificial, I think it’s possible, and I would now interpr. b in the same way - with the whole vs. meaning “Desirous of winning riches, you are (one) of those who are victorious in the raids, as if (you were one) of the chargers at prize-contents.” Alternatively, I would substitute a version of Oldenberg/Renou: “You seek to win riches for those who are victorious at raids, as if for coursers at prize-contests,” though this seems more awkward.

In any case, the vs. is problematic on several counts and I doubt that any of the suggested interpr. captures the poet’s intent.

.

Fain would they both win riches as in races of the steeds. In war
Thou art upon the conquerors’ side.

Beide haben Reichtümer zu gewinnen gesucht: Du bist auf Seiten derer, die in den Beutezügen Sieger sind, wie auf Seiten der Rennpferde in den Preiskämpfen.

Ein Preisverleiher bist du ja, wie für die Renner auf der Bahn, So für die Sieger in der Schlacht.

• पवमानः सोमः
• कविभार्गवः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजेषु अर्वताम् इव)हे परमात्मन्! आप सर्वशक्तियों में व्यापक के समान (भरेषु जिग्युषाम्)संग्राम में जय को चाहनेवाले कर्मयोगियों को (रयीणां सिषासतुरसि) सम्पूर्ण उपयोगी पदार्थों के देनेवाले हैं॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो संग्रामों में कर्मयोगी बनकर विजय की इच्छा करते हैं, परमात्मा उन्हीं को विजयी बनाता है॥५॥ यह ४७वाँ सूक्त और चौथा वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजेषु अर्वताम् इव) हे सर्वरक्षक परमात्मन् ! भवान् सर्वशक्तिषु व्यापक इव (भरेषु जिग्युषाम्) रणे जयमिच्छुभ्यः कर्मयोगिभ्यः (रयीणाम् सिषासतुरसि) सम्पूर्णोपयोगि-पदार्थप्रदाता चास्ति॥५॥ इति सप्तचत्वारिंशत्तमं सूक्तं चतुर्थो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥