०४१

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓ ये᳓ गा᳓वो न᳓ भू᳓र्णयस्
त्वेषा᳓ अया᳓सो अ᳓क्रमुः
घ्न᳓न्तः कृष्णा᳓म् अ᳓प त्व᳓चम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
bhū́rṇayaḥ ← bhū́rṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

ákramuḥ ← √kramⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ayā́saḥ ← ayā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tveṣā́ḥ ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ápa ← ápa (invariable)

ghnántaḥ ← √han- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kr̥ṣṇā́m ← kr̥ṣṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

tvácam ← tvác- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

प्र । ये । गावः॑ । न । भूर्ण॑यः । त्वे॒षाः । अ॒यासः॑ । अक्र॑मुः ।
घ्नन्तः॑ । कृ॒ष्णाम् । अप॑ । त्वच॑म् ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• gāvo ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• bhūrṇayas ← bhūrṇayaḥ ← bhūrṇi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “impatient; restless.”

• tveṣā ← tveṣāḥ ← tveṣa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”

• ayāso ← ayāsaḥ ← ayās
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “undaunted; irrepressible; audacious.”

• akramuḥ ← kram
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

• ghnantaḥ ← han
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• kṛṣṇām ← kṛṣṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “black; dark; dark; blue; black.”

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• tvacam ← tvac
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “skin; bark; peel; hide; complexion; hide; Rasa; rind.”

ये अभिषुताः सोमाः गावो न उदकानीव तानि यथा तूर्णमधः पतन्ति तद्वत् । एवं वोपमीयन्ते । यथा गावः स्वगोष्ठं प्रत्याशु गच्छन्ति तद्वत् । अथवा गावः स्तुतिवाचः । ता यथा स्तुत्यं प्रति क्षिप्रं प्राप्नुवन्ति तद्वत् । भूर्णयः क्षिप्राः त्वेषाः दीप्ताः अयासः अया गमनशीलाः कृष्णां त्वचम् । कृष्णा त्वग्रक्षाः । तम् अप घ्नन्तः निघ्नन्तः । त्वचिः संवरणकर्मा। ईदृग्भूताः सोमाः प्र अक्रमुः । तान् स्तुतेति शेषः ॥

English translation:

“(Praise the Soma-juices) which descend like streams of water, swift, brilliant, rapid driving off the black skinned (rākṣasa).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Liṭ, the black skin, or the black cover (i.e. darkness); rākṣasas as the person nification of darkness of the night

Those who strode forth like cattle—frenzied, turbulent, unruly,
smashing away the black skin [=Dasyus]—

This vs., consisting entirely of a rel. cl., is not resumed by a main cl. Vs. 2, which might be configured as the main cl., is couched in the 1st pl., not the 3rd pl. like vs. 1, and it also has a very different tone. There is no reason, with Renou, to supply an anodyne introductory cl. “(Je chante les soma)” to provide a main cl. – in fact, the abruptness of the expression and its incompleteness enhance the sense of violence.

As I indicated in the published introduction, I think the unexpressed subj. is the soma juices. Many soma hymns begin with the soma rushing forth after its pressing, often compared to a horse or a bull charging; here the soma drinks are also likened to cattle, but stampeding cattle, and this uncontrollable mob tramples the enemy. So the poet has taken a standard opening trope and “weaponized” it, as it were.

This enemy is identified as the “black skin” (kṛṣṇā́m … tvácam). For this phrase as a designation of non-Ārya “without commandments” (avratá-) see I.130.8 and IX.73.5 (in the latter tvácam ásiknīm; see above). The term avratá- is found in the next vs. (2c).

ACTIVE and bright have they come forth, impetuous in speed like bulls,
Driving the black skin far away.

Die ungeduldig wie Rinder, furchtgebietend, unverdrossen hervorgekommen sind, wie schwarze Haut vertreibend-

Wie ungestüme Stiere sind die muntern, glänzenden genaht, Verjagend weit die schwarze Haut.

(Мы воспеваем соки сомы,) которые выступили вперед,
Как возбужденные, неистовые, неутомимые быки,
Громя черную кожу.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेध्यातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब परमात्मा की रचना का महत्त्व वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ये गावः न) पृथिव्यादि लोकों के समान जो लोक(भूर्णयः) शीघ्र गतिशील हैं (त्वेषाः) जो दीप्तिमान् और (अयासः) वेगवाले (कृष्णाम् त्वचम्) महा गूढ़ अन्धकार को (अपघ्नन्तः प्राक्रमुः) नष्ट करते हुये प्रक्रमण करते हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सब लोक-लोकान्तरों को उत्पन्न करता है, उसी की सत्ता से सब पृथिव्यादिलोक गति कर रहे हैं ॥१॥

अथ परमात्मनो रचनामहत्त्वं वर्ण्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ये गावः न) पृथिव्यादिलोकसदृशा ये लोकाः (भूर्णयः) शीघ्रगामिनः (त्वेषाः) दीप्तिमन्तः (अयासः) वेगवन्तः (कृष्णाम् त्वचम्) नीरन्ध्रान्धकारं (अपघ्नन्तः प्राक्रमुः) नाशयन्तः प्रक्राम्यन्ति ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सुवित᳓स्य मनामहे
अ᳓ति से᳓तुं दुरावि᳓यम्
साह्वां᳓सो द᳓स्युम् अव्रत᳓म्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
manāmahe ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

suvitásya ← suvitá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

áti ← áti (invariable)

durāvyàm ← durāvyà- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sétum ← sétu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

avratám ← avratá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dásyum ← dásyu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sāhvā́ṁsaḥ ← √sah- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

सु॒वि॒तस्य॑ । म॒ना॒म॒हे॒ । अति॑ । सेतु॑म् । दुः॒ऽआ॒व्य॑म् ।
सा॒ह्वांसः॑ । दस्यु॑म् । अ॒व्र॒तम् ॥

• suvitasya ← suvita
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “prosperity; well-being.”

• manāmahe ← man
• [verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.
• “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”

• ’ti ← ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• setuṃ ← setum ← setu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “dam; bridge; causeway; Setu; Om; landmark; shackle.”

• durāvyam ← durāvya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• sāhvāṃso ← sāhvāṃsaḥ ← sah
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “endure; overcome; habituate.”

• dasyum ← dasyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “savage; outcast; mugger.”

• avratam ← avrata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “disobedient; evil.”

सुवितस्य । शोभनं प्राप्तः सुवितः । शोभनस्य सोमस्य सेतुं रक्षोविषयं बन्धनं दुराव्यं दुष्टमतिं च रक्षसां बन्धनं तेषां हननबुद्धिं च सोमकर्तृकाः मनामहे स्तुमः । कथं स्तुम इति तदुच्यते । अव्रतम् अकर्माणं दस्युं शत्रुं साह्वांसः अभिभवन्तः ॥

English translation:

“We praise the auspicious Soma’s imprisonment (of the rākṣasas) and hostile (intent against them), while we triumph over the enemy who performs no riteṣ”

We will bring to mind the easy passage (of Soma), beyond the snare difficult to navigate [=the curly fleece filter],
we having overcome the Dasyu who follows no commandment.

As was just noted, avratám in c suggests that this vs. belongs conceptually and rhetorically with vs. 1, because avratá- elsewhere qualifies those “with black skin.” However, as I also indicated ad vs. 1, I do not think vs. 2 is the main clause on which the rel.

cl. of vs. 1 is dependent: “we” are not likened to stampeding cattle in vs. 1, but rather the soma juices are. HPS (Ved. vratá, 94 n. 193) rather trickily suggests taking 2ab as parenthetic, with c returning to the soma juices of vs. 1, modified by the part. sāhvā́ṃsaḥ. I see no reason for this: the victory of the soma juices in 1a is reconfigured as our victory.

With Oldenberg, Geldner, Renou I take the gen. suvitásya as the gen. obj. of manāmahe and construe áti with sétum (contra Grassmann, who takes it with manāmahe). In IX áti regularly refers to the journey of the soma “beyond” the filter, which here is represented by sétum. Renou cites other passages containing √man with gen., but it must be admitted that this particular form, manāmahe, otherwise resolutely takes the acc. sétu- is found 5x in the RV; its only two occurrences in IX are here and in IX.73.4 cited above. The word does not yet have its later meaning ‘bridge’, but a sense closer to its root etym. to √sā / si ‘bind’ (with 2ndary full-grade se built to the zero-grade): ‘fetter, bond, (or here) snare’. Geldner and Renou instead take it as a dyke or dam (Damm and digue respectively), but these seem to be an attempt to split the difference between the root etymology and the later sense ‘bridge’. Certainly in other RVic passages the sense ‘fetter’ vel sim. is inescapable, e.g. VIII.67.8 mā́naḥ sétuḥ siṣed ayám “Let this fetter here not bind us,” with cognate verb, where Geldner tr. “Fessel.” As for what physical object the sétu- refers to here, I think it is an image of the twisty curls of a sheep’s fleece, which can be seen as fetters or nooses.

durāvyàm, modifying sétum, is assigned to a stem dur-ā́vya / durā́via by Grassmann, misrepresenting the accent, inter alia. As Oldenberg points out, however, the stem is really durāvī́-, a root noun cmpd. (see now Scarlatta 497), and it must mean ‘difficult to pursue / follow’. Since sétu- here refers to the curls of the sheep’s fleece (in my view), these curls can be conceived of as the tracks that the liquid would follow as it’s being strained through the fleece, tracks that can be difficult to pursue. So the acc. phrase sétuṃ durāvyàm jams two different but evocative images into one. Note also that suvitásya … durāv(í)yam is something of a phonetic figure, with the semantically contrastive adverbial prefixes su and dus, but different verbal roots (√i and √vī) – though internal sandhi provides √i with an apparent initial v matching vī.

Quelling the riteless Dasyu, may we think upon the bridge of bliss,
Leaving the bridge of woe behind.

Wir gedenken der glücklichen Fahrt über den schwer zu nehmenden Damm, nachdem wir den unbotmäßigen Dasyu bezwungen haben.

Zu überschreiten streben wir den unwegsamen Steg des Heils, Gottlosen Feind bewältigend.

Одолев дасью, не соблюдающего обетов,
Мы думаем о счастливом путешествии
Через плотину, которую трудно взять.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेध्यातिथिः
• ककुम्मतीगायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुवितस्य दुराव्यम् सेतुम्) ऐसे पूर्वोक्त लोकों को उत्पन्न करनेवाले दुःख में प्राप्त करने योग्य संसार के सेतुरूप ईश्वर की (मनामहे) स्तुति करते हैं, जो परमात्मा (अव्रतम् दस्युम् साह्वांसः) वेदधर्म को नहीं पालन करनेवाले दुराचारियों का शमन करनेवाला है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा इस चराचर जगत् का सेतु है अर्थात् मर्य्यादा है, उसी की मर्य्यादा में सूर्य्य-चन्द्रादि सब लोक परिभ्रमण करते हैं। मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि उस मर्य्यादा पुरुषोत्तम को सदैव अपना लक्ष्य बनावें ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सुवितस्य दुराव्यम् सेतुम्) एवंविधपूर्वोक्तलोकानां जनयितारं दुःसहसंसारस्य सेतुरूपं परमात्मानं (मनामहे) स्तुमः यः परमात्मा (अव्रतम् दस्युम् साह्वांसः) वेदधर्मविमुखान् दुराचारान् शमयितास्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

शृण्वे᳓ वृष्टे᳓र् इव स्वनः᳓
प᳓वमानस्य शुष्मि᳓णः
च᳓रन्ति विद्यु᳓तो दिवि᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
iva ← iva (invariable)

śr̥ṇvé ← √śru- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

svanáḥ ← svaná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣṭéḥ ← vr̥ṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

pávamānasya ← √pū- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śuṣmíṇaḥ ← śuṣmín- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

cáranti ← √carⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

diví ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vidyútaḥ ← vidyút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

शृ॒ण्वे । वृ॒ष्टेःऽइ॑व । स्व॒नः । पव॑मानस्य । शु॒ष्मिणः॑ ।
चर॑न्ति । वि॒ऽद्युतः॑ । दि॒वि ॥

• śṛṇve ← śru
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• vṛṣṭer ← vṛṣṭeḥ ← vṛṣṭi
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “rain; shower; rainy season.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• svanaḥ ← svana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “noise; sound; svan.”

• pavamānasya ← pū
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• śuṣmiṇaḥ ← śuṣmin
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “strong; hotheaded.”

• caranti ← car
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”

• vidyuto ← vidyutaḥ ← vidyut
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “lightning; Vidyut; thunderbolt.”

• divi ← div
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

शृण्वे श्रूयते । किम् । सोमस्वनः । किमिव । वृष्टेः वर्षणस्य स्वनः इव । तस्य यथा महान् स्वनः श्रूयते तद्वत् प्रभूतरसापातसमये श्रूयते । कस्य स्वन इति तत्राह । पवमानस्य पूयमानस्य शुष्मिणः बलवतः । तस्यैव विद्युतः दीप्तयः दिवि अन्तरिक्षे चरन्ति ।

English translation:

“The sound of the purified, powerful Soma is heard like that of rain; (his) lightning moves in the sky.”

A roar like that of rain is heard—the roar of the self-purifying
tempestuous one.
Lightning flashes roam in heaven.

The mighty Pavamana’s roar is heard as ’twere the rush of rain
Lightnings are flashing to the sky.

Das Rauschen des feurigen Pavamana hört sich an wie das des Regens. Es fahren seine Blitze am Himmel.

Wie Regens Rauschen wird gehört der Schall des starken, rieselnden, Am Himmel streichen Blitze hin.

Слышен шум, как от дождя,
От яростного Паваманы.
Мечутся по небу молнии.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेध्यातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृष्टेः इव स्वनः शृण्वे) जिसका अनुशासन मेघ की वृष्टि के समान निस्सन्देह सुना जाता है, उसी (पवमानस्य शुष्मिणः) संसार को पवित्र करनेवाले तथा सर्वोपरि बलवाले परमात्मा की (विद्युतः दिवि चरन्ति) विद्युदादि शक्तियें आकाश में भ्रमण करती हुई दिखायी देती हैं॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की विद्युदादि अनेक शक्तियें हैं, इसलिये उसे अनन्तशक्ति ब्रह्म कहा जाता है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृष्टेः इव स्वनः शृण्वे) यस्यानुशासनं मेघवृष्टिरिव निःशङ्कं श्रूयते तस्य (पवमानस्य शुष्मिणः) संसारस्य पवितुः सर्वोत्कृष्टबलस्य च परमात्मनः (विद्युतः दिवि चरन्ति) विद्युदादिशक्तयः खे भ्राम्यन्त्यो दृश्यन्ते ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ पवस्व मही᳓म् इ᳓षं
गो᳓मद् इन्दो हि᳓रण्यवत्
अ᳓श्वावद् वा᳓जवत् सुतः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

mahī́m ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

gómat ← gómant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

híraṇyavat ← híraṇyavant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

áśvāvat ← áśvāvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

vā́javat ← vā́javant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

आ । प॒व॒स्व॒ । म॒हीम् । इष॑म् । गोऽम॑त् । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । हिर॑ण्यऽवत् ।
अश्व॑ऽवत् । वाज॑ऽवत् । सु॒तः ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• mahīm ← mah
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• iṣaṃ ← iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• gomad ← gomat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “rich in cattle; bovine.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• hiraṇyavat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “possessing gold.”

• aśvāvad ← aśvāvat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “rich in horses.”

• vājavat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

हे इन्दो सोम सुतः अभिषुतस्त्वं महीमिषम् महदन्नम् आ पवस्व । कीदृशमन्नम् । गोमत् बहुगोभिरुपेतमेवं हिरण्यवत् हिरण्यैः अश्ववत् अश्वैः वाजवत् वाजैर्बलैश्चोपेतम् ॥

English translation:

“When effused, Indu, pour forth much food with cows, gold, horses, and strength.”

O drop, in purifying yourself attract great refreshment and wealth in cattle, in gold,
in horses, and in prizes, when you are pressed.

Pour out on us abundant food, when thou art pressed, O Indu wealth
In kine and gold and steeds and spoil.

Bring durch deine Läuterung großes Labsal, Besitz von Rindern und Gold her, o Saft, Besitz von Rossen und Siegespreisen, wenn du ausgepreßt bist!

O riesle, Indu, grosses Gut herbei, das reich an Rind und Ross, An Gold und Nahrung, Soma, sei.

Принеси, очищаясь, великую усладу,
Владение коровами, о капля, владение золотом,
Владение конями, владение наградой – когда ты выжат!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेध्यातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमात्मन् ! आप (सुतः) स्वयंसिद्ध हैं (गोमत् हिरण्यवत् अश्वावत् वाजवत्) गौ हिरण्य अश्व पराक्रमादि से युक्त (महीम् इषम् आपवस्व) बड़े भारी ऐश्वर्य मेरे लिये उत्पन्न करिये॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा अपनी स्वसत्ता से विराजमान है। अर्थात् परमात्मा सबका अधिष्ठान होकर सब वस्तुओं को प्रकाशित कर रहा है और वह स्वयंप्रकाश है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमात्मन् ! (सुतः) स्वयम्भूर्भवान् (गोमत् हिरण्यवत् अश्वावत् वाजवत्) गोस्वर्णाश्वबलपराक्रमादियुक्तं (महीम् इषम् आपवस्व) महदैश्वर्यं मह्यं वितरतु ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स᳓ पवस्व विचर्षण
आ᳓ मही᳓ रो᳓दसी पृण
उषाः᳓ सू᳓र्यो न᳓ रश्मि᳓भिः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vicarṣaṇe ← vícarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

mahī́ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

pr̥ṇa ← √pr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ródasī ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

ná ← ná (invariable)

raśmíbhiḥ ← raśmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

sū́ryaḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

uṣā́ḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

सः । प॒व॒स्व॒ । वि॒ऽच॒र्ष॒णे॒ । आ । म॒ही इति॑ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । पृ॒ण॒ ।
उ॒षाः । सूर्यः॑ । न । र॒श्मिऽभिः॑ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• vicarṣaṇa ← vicarṣaṇe ← vicarṣaṇi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “excellent.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• mahī ← mah
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• rodasī ← rodas
• [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

• pṛṇa ← pṛṇ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “satisfy.”

• uṣāḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• sūryo ← sūryaḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• raśmibhiḥ ← raśmi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

हे विचर्षणे विद्रष्टः सोम सः त्वं पवस्व क्षर रसम् । तथा कृत्वा तेन रसेन मही महत्यौ रोदसी द्यावापृथिव्यौ आ पृण आपूरय। उषाः उषसः। एकदेशवाचिनोषःशब्देन तदुपलक्षितमहरुच्यते तत्प्राधान्यात् । अहानि रश्मिभिः सूर्यो न सूर्य इव ॥

English translation:

“Flow, all-seeing (Soma), fill the vast heaven and earth as the sun (fills) the days with his beams.”

Purify yourself, limitless one. Fill the two great world-halves
as Dawn does, as the sun does with its rays.

Oldenberg takes uṣā́ḥ as acc. pl. (so also AiG III.283) and the object of ā́… pṛṇa in the simile (so presumably “as the sun [fills] the dawns with its rays”; cf Oberlies Rel.RV I.238).

Although an acc. pl. uṣā́ḥ is morphologically possible (like rare gen. sg. uṣáḥ), the simile thus produced does not make sense to me, and despite the parade of citations of supposed parallels that Oldenberg provides, no passage has anything remotely like that. I follow Geldner in taking uṣā́ḥ and sū́ryaḥ as parallel nom. sg., both participating in the simile. Renou seems to take as nom., but pl., for no obvious reason.

Flow on thy way, Most Active, thou. fill full the mighty heavens and earth,
As Dawn, as Surya with his beams.

Läutere dich, du Ausgezeichneter, erfülle die beiden großen Welten wie Usas, wie Surya mit den Strahlen!

So riesle hell, beweglicher, erfüll mit Licht die weite Welt, Wie Sonnenstrahl die Morgen färbt.

Очищайся, о очень подвижный,
Наполни обе великие половины вселенной,
Как Ушас (и) Сурья (своими) лучами!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेध्यातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विचर्षण) हे सर्वद्रष्टा परमात्मन् ! (उषाः सूर्यः न रश्मिभिः) जिस प्रकार सूर्य अपनी किरणों से उषःकाल को प्रकाशित कर देता है, उसी प्रकार (मही रोदसी) इस महान् पृथिवीलोक और द्युलोक को (आपृण) अपने ऐश्वर्य से पूरित करिये और (पवस्व)उस ऐश्वर्य से अपने सत्कर्मी उपासकों को पवित्र करिये॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा ही एकमात्र पवित्रता का केन्द्र है। पवित्रता चाहनेवालों को चाहिये कि पवित्र होने के लिये उसी परमात्मा की उपासना करके अपने आपको पवित्र बनायें ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विचर्षण) हे सर्वद्रष्टः परमात्मन् ! (उषाः सूर्यः न रश्मिभिः) स्वतेजोभिः उषःकालस्य प्रकाशयिता सूर्य इव (मही रोदसी) महत्यौ द्यावापृथिव्यौ (आपृण) स्वप्रभुत्वेन प्रकाश्य पूरय (पवस्व) स्वान्सत्कर्मिण उपासकांश्च पुनीहि ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि णः शर्मय᳓न्तिया
धा᳓रया सोम विश्व᳓तः
स᳓रा रसे᳓व विष्ट᳓पम्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pári ← pári (invariable)

śarmayántyā ← √śarmay- (root)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dhā́rayā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvátas ← viśvátas (invariable)

iva ← iva (invariable)

rasā́ ← rasā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sára ← √sr̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

viṣṭápam ← viṣṭáp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

परि॑ । नः॒ । श॒र्म॒ऽयन्त्या॑ । धार॑या । सो॒म॒ । वि॒श्वतः॑ ।
सर॑ । र॒साऽइ॑व । वि॒ष्टप॑म् ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• ṇaḥ ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• śarmayantyā ← śarmay
• [verb noun], instrumental, singular

• dhārayā ← dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• viśvataḥ ← viśvatas
• [adverb]
• “everywhere; around; about.”

• sarā ← sara ← sṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “sṛ; liquefy; run; spread; stretch out.”

• raseva ← rasā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Rasā; Earth; Earth.”

• raseva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• viṣṭapam ← viṣṭap
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

हे सोम नः अस्मभ्यं शर्मयन्त्या सुखयन्त्या धारया विश्वतः सर्वतः परि सर परिचर । रसेव रसेनेव विष्टपं भूलोकम् । यद्वा । रसा नदी स्थानं सा प्रवणरूपमिव ॥ ॥ ३१ ॥

English translation:

“Flow round us, Soma, on all sides in a bliss-bestowing stream, like a river down a steep plural ce.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Or, as the earth (is surrounded) with water

O Soma, flow for us in a protecting stream all around on all sides, like (the heavenly river) Rasā, along the upper surface (of the filter).
1270 IX. 42–43

The last pāda begins with a mirror-image figure: sárā rasā́, though the last vowel is obscured in sandhi: raséva.

On every side, O Soma, flow round us with thy protecting stream,
As Rasa flows around the world.

Fließe für uns in schützendem Strome, o Soma, ringsum wie die Rasa um die Erderhöhung!

Von allen Seiten flamm’ um uns im Strom, o Soma, der uns schützt, Und ström, wie Flut die Erd’ umspült.

Теки кругом со всех сторон
Со своим защищающим нас потоком,
О сома, как Раса (вокруг) вершины!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेध्यातिथिः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन्! (रसेव विष्टपम्) जिस प्रकार रस से अर्थात् ब्रह्म से लोक व्याप्त हो रहा है, उसी प्रकार (शर्मयन्त्या धारया) सुख देनेवाली आनन्द की धारासहित (नः विश्वतः परिसर) मेरे हृदय में आप भली प्रकार निवास कीजिये॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - आनन्दस्त्रोत एकमात्र परमात्मा ही है, इसलिये आनन्दाभिलाषी जनों को चाहिये कि उसी आनन्दाम्बुधि का रसपान करके अपने आपको आनन्दित करें ॥६॥ यह ४१ वाँ सूक्त और ३१ वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे परमात्मन् ! (रसेव विष्टपम्) लोकं व्यापकतयाधितिष्ठत् ब्रह्मेव (शर्मयन्त्या धारया) शर्म प्रयच्छन्त्यानन्दधारया (नः विश्वतः परिसर) मम हृदयं सर्वतो व्याप्नुहि ॥६॥ इत्येकचत्वारिंशत्तमं सूक्तमेकत्रिंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥