०२४

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र꣡ सो꣡मासो अधन्विषुः
प꣡वमानास इ꣡न्दवः
श्रीणाना꣡ अप्सु꣡ मृञ्जत

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
adhanviṣuḥ ← √dhanv- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

sómāsaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

pávamānāsaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

apsú ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

mr̥ñjata ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śrīṇānā́ḥ ← √śrī- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

प्र । सोमा॑सः । अ॒ध॒न्वि॒षुः॒ । पव॑मानासः । इन्द॑वः ।
श्री॒णा॒नाः । अ॒प्ऽसु । मृ॒ञ्ज॒त॒ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• somāso ← somāsaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• adhanviṣuḥ ← dhanv
• [verb], plural, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “run.”

• pavamānāsa ← pavamānāsaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• śrīṇānā ← śrīṇānāḥ ← śrī
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “cook; boil; heat; cook; mix.”

• apsu ← ap
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• mṛñjata ← mṛj
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

सोमासः सोमाः पवमानासः पूयमानाः इन्दवः दीप्ताः प्र अधन्विषुः । धन्वतिर्गतिकर्मा। प्रगच्छन्ति । किंच श्रीणानाः गोभिः श्रयमाणाः अप्सु वसतीवरीषु च मृञ्जत मृज्यन्ते ।

English translation:

“The purified effused Soma-juices have flowed forth– mixing (with curds and milk) they are cleansed in the waters.”

The soma juices have run forth, the self-purifying drops.
Brought to readiness, they have been groomed in the waters. ꣡

HITHERWARD have the Soma streamed,
the drops while they are purified:
When bIent, in waters they are rinsed.

Die Somasäfte sind sich läuternd hervorgeströmt, mit Milch gemischt werden sie im Wasser gereinigt.

Die Soma’s sind hervorgeströmt, die milchgemischten, rieselnden, Zur Reinigung im Wasserbad.

Соки сомы побежали вперед,
Паваманы, капли.
Украшенные (молоком), они начищаются в водах.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमासः) सोम्य स्वभाव को उत्पन्न करनेवाले परमात्मा के आह्लादादि गुण (पवमानासः) जो मनुष्य को पवित्र कर देनेवाले हैं, (इन्दवः) जो दीप्तिवाले हैं, जो कर्मयोगियों में(प्र)प्रकर्षता से आनन्द (अधन्विषुः) उत्पन्न करनेवाले हैं, (श्रीणानाः) सेवन किये हुए (अप्सु) शरीर मन और वाणी तीनों प्रकार के यत्नों में (मृञ्जत) शुद्धि को उत्पन्न करते हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि हे मनुष्यों ! तुम परमात्मा के गुणों का चिन्तन करके अपने मन वाणी तथा शरीर को शुद्ध करो। जिस प्रकार जल शरीर की शुद्धि करता है, परमात्मोपासन मन की शुद्धि करता है और स्वाध्याय अर्थात् वेदाध्ययन वाणी की शुद्धि करता है, इसी प्रकार परमात्मा के ब्रह्मचर्य्यादि गुण शरीर मन और वाणी की शुद्धि करते हैं। ‘ब्रह्म’ नाम यहाँ वेद का है। इस व्रत में इन्द्रियों का संयम भी करना अत्यावश्यक होता है, इसलिये ब्रह्मचर्य्य का अर्थ जितेन्द्रियता भी है। मुख्य अर्थ इसके वेदाध्ययन व्रत के ही हैं। वेदाध्ययन व्रत इन्द्रिय संयमद्वारा शरीर की शुद्धि करता है, ज्ञानद्वारा मन की शुद्धि करता है और अध्ययनद्वारा वाणी की शुद्धि करता है, इसी प्रकार परमात्मा के सत्य ज्ञान और अनन्तादि गुण आह्लाद उत्पन्न करके मन वाणी तथा शरीर की शुद्धि के कारण होते हैं। इसी अभिप्राय से उपनिषदों ने “सत्यं ज्ञानमनन्तं ब्रह्म” तै० २।२। इत्यादि वाक्यों में परमात्मा के सत्यादि गुणों का वर्णन किया है ॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमासः) सौम्यस्वभावस्य कर्तारः परमात्मन आह्लादादिगुणाः (पवमानासः) ये च पवित्रकर्तारः (इन्दवः) दीप्तिमन्तश्च ये च कर्मयोगिषु (प्राधन्विषुः) प्रकर्षतयोत्पद्यन्ते ते (श्रीणानाः) सेविताः सन्तः (अप्सु) वाङ्मनःशरीराणां त्रिविधानामपि यत्नानां (मृञ्जत) शुद्धिमुत्पादयन्ति ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि꣡ गा꣡वो अधन्विषुर्
आ꣡पो न꣡ प्रव꣡ता यतीः꣡
पुनाना꣡ इ꣡न्द्रम् आशत

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)
{}

adhanviṣuḥ ← √dhanv- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

pravátā ← pravát- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

yatī́ḥ ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

āśata ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

punānā́ḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

अ॒भि । गावः॑ । अ॒ध॒न्वि॒षुः॒ । आपः॑ । न । प्र॒ऽवता॑ । य॒तीः ।
पु॒ना॒नाः । इन्द्र॑म् । आ॒श॒त॒ ॥

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• gāvo ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• adhanviṣur ← adhanviṣuḥ ← dhanv
• [verb], plural, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “run.”

• āpo ← āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• pravatā ← pravat
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “slope; river.”

• yatīḥ ← i
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• punānā ← punānāḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• āśata ← aś
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

गावः गमनशीला इन्दवः अभि अधन्विषुः अभिगच्छन्ति दशापवित्रम् । किमिव । प्रवता प्रवणवता देशेन यतीः गच्छन्त्यः आपो न आप इव । पश्चात् पुनानाः इन्द्रं प्रीणयितुम् आशत व्याप्नुवन् । आहुतिप्रणाड्येन्द्रमेव वा व्याप्नुवन् ॥

English translation:

“The flowing juices rush (to the filter), like waters flowing down a declivity; purified they gratify Indra.”

The cows have run toward them, like waters going along a slope.
Becoming purified, they have reached Indra.

Oldenberg discusses this vs. at some length and disputes the cows as subject. The problems he sees are that 1) it makes more sense for the soma drops to run than the cows (though he admits that there are some undoubted passages with the latter); 2) the shared verb would more naturally have the same subject than diff. subjects (this is not a stylistic given in soma hymns, where substances swap identities all the time); 3) the part. punānā́ḥ ‘being purified’ is better applied to soma drops than cows (though again he recognizes at least one passage in which the part. is so used). On the basis of these arguments he suggests that gā́vaḥ here should be interpr. as accusative rather than as the nominative it overwhelming is, with abhí gā́vaḥ substituted for abhí gā́ḥ on metrical grounds and the soma drops again the subj. This seems both uncharacteristic and unworthy of Oldenberg.

Positing “metrical” motivation for RVic anomalies is rarely successful, because the poets are flexible enough to avoid situations where they would be forced to use the wrong grammatical form because of meter. Moreover, the construction of the a-pādas of the two vss. – PREVERB PL.NOUN adhanviṣuḥ – imposes the subject role on the second noun (gā́vaḥ, 2a), which is in the same position as sómāsaḥ in 1a. The only of his arguments that seems at all worth considering is the one about punānā́ḥ, though given the tendency to identify the substances, esp. the liquid substances, in the soma ritual with each other, I do not find it particularly cogent – and as Oldenberg himself points out, c could be a separate clause with the soma drops supplied as subj. there. (Another possible argument, not brought up by Oldenberg, is that this is the only vs. in the hymn where soma [sg. or pl.] is not the subject, but I do not think that is strong enough to contravene the grammar.) He cites another possible ex. of acc. gā́vaḥ, in VIII.41.6, where the form is easily interpr. as nom. (see comm. ad loc.). Renou follows Oldenberg’s interpr; Geldner does not, though in his n. 2b he suggests that the poet meant the soma drops as subject, but reversed the construction (“… er hat aber die Konstruktion umgekehrt,” whatever he means by that).

The milk hath run to meet them like floods rushing down a precipice:
They come to Indra, being cleansed.

Die Milchkühe sind herzugelaufen wie die stromwärts gehenden Gewässer. Sich läuternd sind sie zu Indra gelangt.

Milchtränke sind herangeströmt, wie Wasser auf geneigter Bahn, Geläutert zu dem Indra hin.

Они побежали к коровам,
Словно воды, движущиеся по склону.
Очищаясь, он достигли Индры.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (गावः) इन्द्रियें (अभि अधन्विषुः) कर्मयोगियों में (आपः न) जल के समान (प्रवता) वेगवाली होती हैं और (यतीः) वशीभूत होती हैं (पुनानाः) वे वशीकृत इन्द्रियें मनुष्य को पवित्र करती हुई (इन्द्रम् आशत) परमात्मा को विषय करती हैं॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - कर्मयोगी पुरुषों की इन्द्रियें परमात्मा का साक्षात्कार करती हैं। यहाँ साक्षात्कार से तात्पर्य यह है कि वे परमात्मा को विषय करती हैं। जैसा कि “दृश्यते त्वग्र्या बुद्ध्यासूक्ष्मया सूक्ष्मदर्शिभिः” कठ० ३।१२। इस वाक्य में निराकार परमात्मा बुद्धि का विषय माना गया है। इसी प्रकार कर्मयोगी पुरुष की इन्द्रियें परमात्मा के साक्षात्कार के सामर्थ्य का लाभ करती हैं ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (गावः) इन्द्रियाणि कर्मयोगिषु (आपः न) जलमिव (प्रवता) वेगवन्ति (अभि अधन्विषुः) भवन्ति (यतीः) वशीभूतानि भवन्ति (पुनानाः) तानि च पवित्रीकुर्वाणानि (इन्द्रम् आशत) परमात्मानं विषयीकुर्वन्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र꣡ पवमान धन्वसि
सो꣡म इ꣡न्द्राय पा꣡तवे
नृ꣡भिर् यतो꣡ वि꣡ नीयसे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dhanvasi ← √dhanv- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pavamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pā́tave ← √pā- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

sóma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

nīyase ← √nī- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

nŕ̥bhiḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

yatáḥ ← √yam- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

प्र । प॒व॒मा॒न॒ । ध॒न्व॒सि॒ । सोम॑ । इन्द्रा॑य । पात॑वे ।
नृऽभिः॑ । य॒तः । वि । नी॒य॒से॒ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pavamāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• dhanvasi ← dhanv
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run.”

• somendrāya ← soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• somendrāya ← indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pātave ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• nṛbhir ← nṛbhiḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• yato ← yataḥ ← yam
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• nīyase ← nī
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “bring; lead; spend; decant; enter (a state); remove; take out; take away; enforce; marry; carry; fill into; bring; learn; go out; add.”

हे पवमान सोम इन्द्राय इन्द्रस्य पातवे पानाय प्र धन्वसि प्रगच्छस्याहवनीयं प्रति हविर्धानात् । तदेवाह। नृभिः नेतृभिर्ऋत्विग्भिः यतः विनीतः वि नीयसे हविर्धानात् । अथवा । पवमान प्र धन्वसि पात्रं प्रतीन्द्रपानाय तदर्थं हविर्धानाद्वि नीयसे ।

English translation:

“Purifier, Soma, you proceed to Indra for his drinking– thence are you brought by the priests.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

You proceed: added, ‘from the wagon whence they are taken by the priests to the āhavanīya fire’ or ’to the vessel’

You run forth, self-purifying Soma, for Indra to drink.
Held by men, you are led through (the filter). ꣡

O Soma Pavamana, thou art flowing to be Indra’s drink:
The men have seized and lead thee forth.

Du strömst hervor, dich läuternd, o Soma, für Indra zum Trunke von den Herren gelenkt wirst du auf die Seihe abgeleitet.

Du strömest vor, o rieselnder, zum Trunk dem Indra, Soma du, Gelenkt von Männern und geführt.

Ты бежишь, о Павамана, вперед,
О сома, Индре для питья.
Направленный мужами, ты отводишься (в цедилку).

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्र पवमान) हे परमात्मन् ! (धन्वसि) तुम सर्वत्र गतिशील हो और (सोमइन्द्राय) कर्मयोगी की (पातवे) तृप्ति के लिये तुम ही एकमात्र उपास्य देव हो (यतः) जिसलिये (नृभिः) ऋत्विगादि लोगों के (विनीयसे) विनीतभाव से आप उन्हें प्राप्त होते हैं॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि जो पुरुष कर्मयोगी व ज्ञानयोगी हैं, उनकी तृप्ति का कारण एकमात्र परमात्मा ही है। तात्पर्य यह है कि जिस प्रकार परमात्मा में ज्ञान बल क्रिया इत्यादि धर्म स्वभाविक पाये जाते हैं, इसी प्रकार कर्मयोगी और ज्ञानयोगी पुरुष भी साधनसम्पन्न हो कर उन धर्मों को धारण करते हैं ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्र पवमान) हे परमात्मन् ! (धन्वसि) भवान् सर्वत्र गमनशीलः (सोम) हे भगवन् ! (इन्द्राय पातवे) कर्मयोगिनः तृप्तये केवलो भवानेवोपास्यः (यतः) यस्मात् (नृभिः) ऋत्विगादिभिः (विनीयसे) विनयेन लभ्यते भवान् ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुवं꣡ सोम नृमा꣡दनः
प꣡वस्व चर्षणीस꣡हे
स꣡स्निर् यो꣡ अनुमा꣡दियः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
nr̥mā́danaḥ ← nr̥mā́dana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

carṣaṇīsáhe ← carṣaṇīsáh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

anumā́dyaḥ ← anumā́dya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sásniḥ ← sásni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

त्वम् । सो॒म॒ । नृ॒ऽमाद॑नः । पव॑स्व । च॒र्ष॒णि॒ऽसहे॑ ।
सस्निः॑ । यः । अ॒नु॒ऽमाद्यः॑ ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• nṛmādanaḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• nṛmādanaḥ ← mādanaḥ ← mādana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “exhilarating; intoxicant.”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• carṣaṇīsahe ← carṣaṇī
• [noun], feminine

• carṣaṇīsahe ← sahe ← sah
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine

• sasnir ← sasniḥ ← sasni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “victorious.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• anumādyaḥ ← anumad ← √mad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “praise; cheer; applaud.”

हे सोम त्वं नृमादनः नृणां मादयिता त्वं चर्षणीसहे । चर्षणयो मनुष्या द्वेष्टारः । तेषां समभिभवित्र इन्द्राय पवस्व क्षर यः त्वं सस्निः शुद्धः अनुमाद्यः स्तुत्यः स पवस्वेति समन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“You, Soma, who are the exhilarator of men, flow to (Indra), the conqueror of enemies, you who are pure and to be worshipped.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The conqueror of enemies: Sāmaveda replaces carṣaṇīdhṛtiḥ for carṣaṇīsahe, i.e. an epithet of Soma, ’laid hold of by men’, or ’the protection of men’

Bringing exhilaration to superior men, o Soma, purify yourself for the one who conquers the territories,
you who are the winner to be celebrated.
1258 IX.25–26

Although in the published translation pāda c is unequivocally applied to Soma (“you who are …”), the text is ambiguous: the rel. cl. of pāda c, sásnir yó anumā́dyaḥ, could have either Soma or Indra (under the epithet carṣaṇīsáh-, which ends the preceding pāda) as antecedent.

In IX anumā́dya- is otherwise used of Soma, including two vss. later (24.6) as well as 76.1, 107.11, but it applies to Indra in VI.34.2. Since Indra was just called “conquerer of territories,” the use of sásni- ‘winner’ for the subj. of anumā́dya- makes Indra a distinct possibility. I think the ambiguity is meant; this is another ex. of the trade-off of identities discussed ad vs. 2. See further below.

Victorious, to be hailed with joy, O Soma, flow, delighting men,
To him who ruleth o’er mankind.

Läutere du dich, Männer berauschend, o Soma, für den Völkerbezwinger, der als der Gewinner zu bejubeln ist!

Zum Weltbezwinger riesle hin o Soma, heldberauschender, Ein rühmenswerther Spender du.

Ты, о сома, опьяняющий мужей,
Очищайся для завоевателя народов,
(Ты,) покоритель, которого надо приветствовать!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सर्वोत्पादक परमात्मन् ! (त्वम्) तुम (नृमादनः) मनुष्यों को आनन्द देनेवाले हो (चर्षणीसहे) जो आप से विमुख मनुष्य हैं, उन पर भी कृपा करनेवाले हो (सस्निः) शुद्धस्वरूप हो (अनुमाद्यः) सर्वथा स्तुति करने योग्य हो (यः) जो इस प्रकार के गुणों के आधार सर्वोपरि देव आप हैं (पवस्व) आप हम पर कृपा करें॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा किसी से राग द्वेष नहीं करते, सब को स्वकर्मानुकूल फल देते हैं। अर्थात् एकमात्र परमात्मा ही पक्षपात से शून्य होकर न्याय करते हैं, इसीलिये परमात्मा को यहाँ “चर्षणीसह” अर्थात् सव पर दया करनेवाला कहा गया है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सर्वोत्पादक ! (त्वम्) भवान् (नृमादनः) मनुष्येभ्य आनन्दस्य दाता (चर्षणीसहे) स्वप्रतिकूलेभ्योऽपि क्षमते (सस्निः) शुद्धस्वरूपः (अनुमाद्यः) सर्वथा स्तुत्यः (यः) एवम्भूतो यो विराजते स भवानेव (पवस्व) अस्मान्पावयतु ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ꣡न्दो य꣡द् अ꣡द्रिभिः सुतः꣡
पवि꣡त्रम् परिधा꣡वसि
अ꣡रम् इ꣡न्द्रस्य धा꣡मने

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ádribhiḥ ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

paridhā́vasi ← √dhāv- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pavítram ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

áram ← áram (invariable)
{}

dhā́mne ← dhā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

इन्दो॒ इति॑ । यत् । अद्रि॑ऽभिः । सु॒तः । प॒वित्र॑म् । प॒रि॒ऽधाव॑सि ।
अर॑म् । इन्द्र॑स्य । धाम्ने॑ ॥

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• adribhiḥ ← adri
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• pavitram ← pavitra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• paridhāvasi ← paridhāv ← √dhāv
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “run; run; permeate.”

• aram
• [adverb]

• indrasya ← indra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• dhāmne ← dhāman
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”

हे इन्दो त्वं यत् यदा अद्रिभिः ग्रावभिः सुतः अभिषुतः पवित्रं दशापवित्रं परिधावसि परिगच्छसि । तदा इन्द्रस्य धाम्ने स्थानायाधारकायोदराय वा अरं पर्याप्तो भवसि ॥

English translation:

“When, Indu, effused by the stones, you have flowed to the filtering-cloth, you are an ample portion for Indra’s belly.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

You are an ample portion for Indra’s belly: indrasya udarāya paryāpto bhavasi

O drop, when pressed by the stones you run around the filter,
fit for the fundament of Indra.

The tr. of this vs. needs to be emended: because paridhā́vasi has an accented verb, it must belong to the yád clause, and pāda c must be the main clause. I would now add to the tr. of c “(you are) fit …” Alternatively, the vs. could be entirely a subordinate clause and dependent on either 4 or 6, hence, e.g., “purify yourself … (4), when pressed by the stones you run around the filter, fit for the fundament of Indra (5),” with no alternation of the transl. of 5, but a comma, not a period, at the end of 4.

What dhā́mane is meant to convey here is unclear, and numerous incompatible suggestions have been made – e.g., Geldner “(Eigen)art,” Renou “vocation” (and see his n.). I long ago (Ged. Cowgill) suggested that this is a somewhat heavy-handed pun, with “fundament” both referring to Indra’s fundamental being and to his physical foundation, his bottom.

Thou, Indu, when, effused by stones, thou runnest to the filter, art,
Ready for Indra’s high decree.

O Saft, wenn du mit Steinen ausgepreßt die Seihe umkreisest, so bist du genügend für Indra´s Eigenart.

Wenn von den Steinen du gepresst, o Indu, durch die Seihe strömst, Bist du bereit für Indra’s Schar.

О сок, когда ты, выжатый камнями,
Бегаешь кругами по цедилке,
Ты то, что надо для сути Индры.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प꣡वस्व वृत्रहन्तम
उक्थे꣡भिर् अनुमा꣡दियः
शु꣡चिः पवाको꣡+ अ꣡द्भुतः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vr̥trahantama ← vr̥trahántama- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

anumā́dyaḥ ← anumā́dya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ukthébhiḥ ← ukthá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

ádbhutaḥ ← ádbhuta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pāvakáḥ ← pāvaká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śúciḥ ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

पव॑स्व । वृ॒त्र॒ह॒न्ऽत॒म॒ । उ॒क्थेभिः॑ । अ॒नु॒ऽमाद्यः॑ ।
शुचिः॑ । पा॒व॒कः । अद्भु॑तः ॥

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• vṛtrahantamokthebhir ← vṛtra
• [noun], masculine
• “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

• vṛtrahantamokthebhir ← hantama
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “killing.”

• vṛtrahantamokthebhir ← ukthebhiḥ ← uktha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”

• anumādyaḥ ← anumad ← √mad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “praise; cheer; applaud.”

• śuciḥ ← śuci
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• pāvako ← pāvakaḥ ← pāvaka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “pure; purifying; pure; āgneya; clear; bright; bright.”

• adbhutaḥ ← adbhuta
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “extraordinary; amazing; supernatural.”

हे वृत्रहन्तम शत्रूणामतिशयेन हन्तरिन्दो त्वं पवस्व क्षर । कीदृशस्त्वम् । उक्थेभिः शस्त्रैः अनुमाद्यः स्तुत्यः शुचिः शुद्धः पावकः अन्यस्य शोधकः अद्भुतः महान् । एवंमहानुभावः पवस्व ॥

English translation:

“Utter destroyer of enemies, flow forth, to be propitiated by praises, pure, purifying, wonderful.”

Purify yourself, best smasher of obstacles, to be celebrated with hymns, gleaming, pure, unerring.

As noted in the published introduction, Indra’s most characteristic epithet, “Vṛtra/obstaclesmasher,” is here applied to Soma instead – another ex. of identity trading. The gerundive anumā́dya-, which was ambiguously used in 4c for either Soma or Indra or both, may signal the blurring of identity between them here.

Flow on, best Vrtra-slayer; flow meet to be hailed with joyful lauds.
Pure, purifying, wonderful.

Läutere dich, du Erzfeindetöter, von Lobliedern bejubelt, rein, lauter, unbegreiflich!

O riesle, Feinde-tödtendster, durch Sprüche hoch zu rühmender, Erglänzend, flammend, wunderbar.

Очищайся, о лучший убийца врагов,
Которого надо приветствовать гимнами,
Чистый, очищающий, удивительный!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृत्रहन्तम) हे अज्ञान के नाश करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! आप (उक्थेभिः) यज्ञों द्वारा (अनुमाद्यः) मनुष्यों को आनन्द देते हैं (शुचिः) शुद्धस्वरूप हैं (पावकः) सब को पवित्र करनेवाले हैं तथा (अद्भुतः) आश्चर्यरूप हैं। आप कृपा कर (पवस्व) हम को पवित्र करें॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा ही इस संसार में आश्चर्यमय है अर्थात् अन्य सब वस्तुओं का पारावार मिल जाता है। एकमात्र परमात्मा ही ऐसा पदार्थ है, जिसका पारावार नहीं। यद्यपि जिज्ञासु पुरुष उस पूर्ण को पूर्णरूप से नहीं जान सकता, तथापि उसके ज्ञानमात्र से अर्थात् “अस्ति इत्येवोपलब्धव्यः” उसकी सत्ता के साक्षात्कार से पुरुष आनन्द का अनुभव करता है। केवल एकमात्र परमात्मा ही आनन्दमय है, अन्य सब उसी के आनन्द का लाभ करके आनन्द पाते हैं, अन्यथा नहीं ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृत्रहन्तम) हे अज्ञाननाशक परमात्मन् ! त्वं (उक्थेभिः) यज्ञैः (अनुमाद्यः) मनुष्येभ्य आनन्ददाता (शुचिः) शुद्धस्वरूपः (पावकः) सर्वेषां पविता (अद्भुतः) आश्चर्य्यरूपश्चासि त्वं कृपां कृत्वा अस्मान् (पवस्व) पवित्री कुरु ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

शु꣡चिः पवाक꣡+ उच्यते
सो꣡मः सुत꣡स्य म꣡धुवः
देवावी꣡र् अघशंसहा꣡

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
pāvakáḥ ← pāvaká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śúciḥ ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ucyate ← √vac- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sutásya ← √su- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

aghaśaṁsahā́ ← aghaśaṁsahán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devāvī́ḥ ← devāvī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

शुचिः॑ । पा॒व॒कः । उ॒च्य॒ते॒ । सोमः॑ । सु॒तस्य॑ । मध्वः॑ ।
दे॒व॒ऽअ॒वीः । अ॒घ॒शं॒स॒ऽहा ॥

• śuciḥ ← śuci
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• pāvaka ← pāvakaḥ ← pāvaka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “pure; purifying; pure; āgneya; clear; bright; bright.”

• ucyate ← vac
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sutasya ← su
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “press out; su.”

• madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• devāvīr ← devāvīḥ ← devāvī
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• aghaśaṃsahā ← agha
• [noun], neuter
• “sin; evil; impurity; agha [word].”

• aghaśaṃsahā ← śaṃsa
• [noun]
• “speaking.”

• aghaśaṃsahā ← hā ← han
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

सुतस्य अभिषुतस्य मध्वः मदकरस्य वल्ल्यात्मकः सोमः रसरूपः शुचिः स्वयं शुद्धः पावकः शोधकश्च उच्यते । तथा देवावीः देवानामविता तर्पयिता अघशंसहा । अघं पापं शंसन्तीत्यघशंसा असुराः। तेषां हन्तेति चोच्यते ॥ ॥ १४ ॥ ॥ १ ॥

English translation:

“Soma, (the yielder) of the exhilarating effusion, is called the pure, the purifier, the gratifier of the gods, the slayer of the wicked.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sāmaveda has sutaḥ sa madhumān, for sutasya madhvaḥ

Gleaming and pure he is called “Soma,” he of the pressed honey,
pursuing the gods, smashing those who utter evil.

Because of the blurring of identity just discussed, I take the predicate of ucyate ‘is called’ to be sómaḥ, a re-assertion of the name of the god being celebrated in this hymn after the equation with Indra in vss. 4 and 6 (and with the cows in vs. 2). This re-assertion is esp.

appropriate in the final vs. of the hymn. Geldner/Renou take śúciḥ pāvakáḥ as the predicate instead, but this pair of adjectives already characterized the substance identically in 6c. I think the point is that “the gleaming and purified one” has the name / is called “Soma.” In favor of their interpr. is the variant in VIII.13.19 śúciḥ pāvaká ucyate só ádbhutaḥ (which also incorporates all 3 adjectives from our vs. 6c). In that passage the adjectives do seem to serve as predicate with ucyate, but with a twist – these soma-epithets are applied to the praiser (stotár-) there. I therefore do not think that the two similar pādas need to be construed identically – rather that one poet (probably the one responsible for VIII.13.19) is playing with the phrase.

Pure, purifying is he called the Soma of the meath eflused,
Slayer of sinners, dear to Gods.

Rein, lauter heißt der Somasaft der ausgepreßten Süßigkeit, göttereinladend, die Übelredner erschlagend.

Erglänzend, flammend wird genannt des süssen Saftes Somatrank, Die Frevler schlagend, Göttern lieb.

Чистым, очищающим зовется
Сома выжатой сладости,
Приглашающим богов, убивающим злоречивых.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - वह परमात्मा (शुचिः) शुद्धस्वरूप है (पावकः उच्यते) सब को पवित्र करनेवाला कहा जाता है (सोमः) “सूते चराचरं यः स सोमः” जो सब का उत्पादक है, उसका नाम यहाँ सोम है। (सुतस्य) इस कार्यमात्र ब्रह्माण्ड का (मध्वः) अधिकरण है (देवावीः) देवताओं का रक्षक है (अघशंसहा) पापों की स्तुति करनेवाले पापमय जीवन व्यतीत करनेवाले पुरुषों का हनन करनेवाला है॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग पापमय जीवन व्यतीत करते हैं, परमात्मा उनकी वृद्धि कदापि नहीं करता। यद्यपि पापी पुरुष भी कहीं-कहीं फलते-फूलते हुए देखे जाते हैं, तथापि उनका परिणाम अच्छा कदापि नहीं होता। अन्त में ‘यतोधर्मस्ततो जयः’ का सिद्धान्त ही ठीक रहता है कि जिस ओर धर्म होता है, उसी पक्ष की जय होती है। इस तात्पर्य से मन्त्र में यह कथन किया है कि परमात्मा पापी पुरुष और उनका अनुमोदन करनेवाले दोनों का नाश करता है ॥७॥ यह चौबीसवाँ सूक्त और चौदहवाँ वर्ग तथा पहिला अनुवाक समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - स परमात्मा (शुचिः) शुद्धस्वरूपः (पावकः उच्यते) सर्वेषां पावकश्च कथितः (सोमः) सर्वजगदुत्पादकः (सुतस्य) एतत्कार्य्यमात्रस्य ब्रह्माण्डस्य (मध्वः) आधारः (देवावीः) देवानां रक्षकः (अघशंसहा) पापप्रशंसकानां पुंसां हन्ता चास्ति ॥७॥ इति चतुर्विंशं सूक्तं चतुर्दशो वर्गः प्रथमोऽनुवाकश्च समाप्तः ॥