०२१

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

एते꣡ धावन्ति इ꣡न्दवः
सो꣡मा इ꣡न्द्राय घृ꣡ष्वयः
मत्सरा꣡सः सुवर्वि꣡दः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dhāvanti ← √dhāv- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

eté ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ghŕ̥ṣvayaḥ ← ghŕ̥ṣvi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sómāḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

matsarā́saḥ ← matsará- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

svarvídaḥ ← svarvíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ए॒ते । धा॒व॒न्ति॒ । इन्द॑वः । सोमाः॑ । इन्द्रा॑य । घृष्व॑यः ।
म॒त्स॒रासः॑ । स्वः॒ऽविदः॑ ॥

• ete ← etad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• dhāvantīndavaḥ ← dhāvanti ← dhāv
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “run; run; wash.”

• dhāvantīndavaḥ ← indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• somā ← somāḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• ghṛṣvayaḥ ← ghṛṣvi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “anticipated; electrifying.”

• matsarāsaḥ ← matsara
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “intoxicant; invigorating; hostile.”

• svarvidaḥ ← svar
• [noun], neuter
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• svarvidaḥ ← vidaḥ ← vid
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “finding.”

एते सोमाः इन्द्राय धावन्ति गच्छन्ति । कीदृशा एते । इन्दवः क्लेदयितारो दीप्ता वा घृष्वयः घर्षणशीलाः मत्सरासः मादयितारः स्वर्विदः स्वर्लोकस्य लम्भयितारः ॥

English translation:

“These flowing Soma-juices, foe-destroying, exhilarating, heaven-conferring, have gone to Indra.”

These are running for Indra, these drops, the ardent soma juices,
bringing exhilaration and finding the sun,

To Indra flow these running drops, these Somas frolicsome in mood.
Exhilarating, finding light;

Diese Somasäfte rinnen erwartungsfroh für Indra, berauschend, das Himmelslicht findend;

Die Somatropfen strömen hier, die lustigen, zu Indra hin, Berauschend, schaffend Himmelsglanz,

Эти капли, соки сомы
Бегут, радостные, для Индры,
Пьянящие, находящие солнце.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब विराट् को परमात्मा के रथरूप से वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एते सोमाः) हे परमात्मन् ! आप (धावन्ति) सर्वत्र व्याप्त हो रहे हैं (इन्दवः) स्वप्रकाश हैं (इन्द्राय घृष्वयः) विद्वानों द्वारा स्तुत्य हैं (मत्सरासः) प्रभुता के अभिमान से युक्त हैं और (स्वर्विदः) सुख के देनेवाले हैं॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा स्वयंप्रकाश और अपने प्रभुत्वभाव से सर्वत्रैव विराजमान है ॥१॥

अथ विराट् परमात्मनो रथरूपेण वर्ण्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एते सोमाः) हे परमात्मन् ! भवान् ( धावन्ति) सर्वत्र व्याप्नोति (इन्दवः) स्वप्रकाशेन प्रकाशितश्च (इन्द्राय घृष्वयः) विद्वद्भिः स्तुत्यश्च (मत्सरासः) प्रभुत्वाभिमानी चास्ति (स्वर्विदः) सुखदश्च ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्रवृण्व꣡न्तो अभियु꣡जः
सु꣡ष्वये वरिवोवि꣡दः
स्वयं꣡ स्तोत्रे꣡ वयस्कृ꣡तः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhiyújaḥ ← abhiyúj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

pravr̥ṇvántaḥ ← √vr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

súṣvaye ← súṣvi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

varivovídaḥ ← varivovíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

stotré ← stotár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

svayám ← svayám (invariable)
{}

vayaskŕ̥taḥ ← vayaskŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

प्र॒ऽवृ॒ण्वन्तः॑ । अ॒भि॒ऽयुजः॑ । सुस्व॑ये । व॒रि॒वः॒ऽविदः॑ ।
स्व॒यम् । स्तो॒त्रे । व॒यः॒ऽकृतः॑ ॥

• pravṛṇvanto ← pravṛṇvantaḥ ← pravṛ ← √vṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “cover; envelop; ward off.”

• abhiyujaḥ ← abhiyuj
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “attack; attack.”

• suṣvaye ← suṣvi
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine

• varivovidaḥ ← varivaḥ ← varivas
• [noun], neuter
• “room; varivas [word]; space; escape.”

• varivovidaḥ ← vidaḥ ← vid
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “finding.”

• svayaṃ ← svayam
• [adverb]
• “personally; spontaneously; svayam [word]; voluntarily.”

• stotre ← stotra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “hymn; praise.”

• vayaskṛtaḥ ← vayaskṛt
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

प्रवृण्वन्तः सुवानं प्रकर्षेण संभजन्तः तथा अभियुजः अभियोजयितारः सुष्वये सुष्ठु अभिषवकर्त्रे वरिवोविदः । ‘ वरिवः’ इति धननाम । तस्य लम्भयितारः स्वयं स्तोत्रे वयस्कृतः अन्नस्य कर्तारः । एते धावन्तीति संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“Showing favour, assailing foes, giving wealth to him who rightly effuses them, and bestowing food spontaneously on their praiser.”

Warding off attackers, finding wide space for the presser,
by themselves creating vitality for the praiser.

This vs. lacks a finite verb and can go either with vs. 1 or vs. 3 (or both): they all have as subj. the plural soma juices.

The lexeme prá √vṛ is rare and generally means ‘cover [with INSTR.]’ (e.g., X.16.7).

However, here and in VII.82.6 it must mean ‘ward off’ (← ‘obstruct forward’?) vel sim.

Driving off foes, bestowing room upon the presser, willingly
Bringing their praiser vitalforce.

Die Angriffe abwehrend, dem pressenden Nothelfer, dem Sänger von selbst Kraft verleihend.

Abwehrend aller Feinde Schar, dem Presser spendend hohes Glück, Und selbst dem Sänger schaffend Kraft.

Отражающие атаки,
Находящие простор для выжимателя (сомы),
Сами создающие жизненную силу восхвалителю:

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्रवृण्वन्तः) जो लोगों से भजन किया जाता(अभियुजः)जो दूसरों का प्रेरक (सुष्वये) सेवक के लिये (वरिवोविदः) धन देनेवाला (स्वयम्) स्वसत्ता से विराजमान (स्तोत्रे वयस्कृतः) और स्तोता के लिये अन्नादिकों को देनेवाला है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिन लोगों को परमात्मा की विविध प्रकार की रचना पर विश्वास है तथा जो परमात्मा की अनन्य भक्ति करते हैं, उनको परमात्मा अनन्त प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य प्रदान करता है ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्रवृण्वन्तः) यो हि जनैः सम्यग्भज्यते (अभियुजः) यश्चान्येषां प्रेरकः (सुष्वये) सेवकाय (वरिवोविदः) धनानां दाता च (स्वयम्) स्वसत्तया विराजमानः (स्तोत्रे वयस्कृतः) स एव स्वस्तुतिकर्त्रे अन्नादीनां प्रदाता चास्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

वृ꣡था क्री꣡ळन्त इ꣡न्दवः
सध꣡स्थम् अभि꣡ ए꣡कम् इ꣡त्
सि꣡न्धोर् ऊर्मा꣡ वि꣡ अक्षरन्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

krī́ḷantaḥ ← √krīḍ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vŕ̥thā ← vŕ̥thā (invariable)
{}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)
{}

ékam ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)
{}

sadhástham ← sadhástha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

akṣaran ← √kṣar- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

síndhoḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ūrmā́ ← ūrmí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

वृथा॑ । क्रीळ॑न्तः । इन्द॑वः । स॒धऽस्थ॑म् । अ॒भि । एक॑म् । इत् ।
सिन्धोः॑ । ऊ॒र्मा । वि । अ॒क्ष॒र॒न् ॥

• vṛthā
• [adverb]
• “vainly; incorrectly; unnecessarily; at will.”

• krīﾱanta ← krīḍantaḥ ← krīḍ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “frolic; love; play; amuse.”

• indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• sadhastham ← sadhastha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “dwelling; location; home.”

• abhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• ekam ← eka
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• sindhor ← sindhoḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• ūrmā ← ūrmi
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “wave; billow.”

• vy ← vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• akṣaran ← kṣar
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “run; melt.”

वृथा अनायासेन क्रीळन्तः इन्दवः सोमाः एकमित् एकमेव सधस्थं सहस्थानं द्रोणकलशं वा अभि अक्षरन्निति शेषः । सिन्धोरूर्मा वसतीवरीषु व्यक्षरन् ॥

English translation:

“The effused juices come sporting lightly to the common receptacle, they drop into the wave of the river.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I.e. the vasatīvarī water

Moving playfully at will toward one and the same seat,
the drops have flowed in various ways into the swell of the river.

Lightly disporting them, the drops flow to one common reservoir,
And fall into the river’s wave.

Ausgelassen spielend sind die Säfte auf des Stromes Woge nach ein und demselben Behälter abgeflossen.

Die Tropfen springend voller Lust, zur einen Stätte rannen sie Hin mit des Stromes Wogendrang.

Играя в свое удовольствие, капли
Потекли на волне реки
К своему единственному месту.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - उक्त परमात्मा में विविध प्रकार के सूर्य चन्द्रमा आदि ग्रह (सिन्धोः ऊर्मा) जिस तरह सिन्धु में से लहरें उठती हैं, इस प्रकार इसी से पैदा होकर इसी में समा जाते हैं, वे ग्रह उपग्रह कैसे हैं (वृथा क्रीळन्तः) जो अनायास से भ्रमण करते हैं (इन्दवः) जिस तरह प्रकाशरूप अग्नियें (सधस्थम्) यज्ञकुण्ड में आ के प्राप्त होती हैं, इस प्रकार (अभि एकमित्) वह एक ही परमात्मा में प्राप्त होते हैं “एति गच्छतीति इत्”॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्डों में जितने ग्रह-उपग्रह हैं, वे सब परमात्मा को ही आश्रित करते हैं ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - उक्तपरमात्मनि सूर्यादिविविधग्रहाः (सिन्धोः ऊर्मा) यथा सिन्धौ वीचयस्तद्वत् तत्रैवोत्पद्योत्पद्य विलीयन्ते ते च ग्रहा उपग्रहाश्च (वृथा क्रीळन्तः) यदृच्छया भ्राम्यन्ति दिवि (इन्दवः) यथा प्रकाशमया अग्नयः (सधस्थम्) यज्ञकुण्डमेत्य सङ्गच्छन्ते तथा (अभि एकमित्) एकस्मिन्नेव परमात्मनि सङ्गच्छन्ते ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

एते꣡ वि꣡श्वानि वा꣡रिया
प꣡वमानास आशत
हिता꣡ न꣡ स꣡प्तयो र꣡थे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
eté ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

vā́ryā ← vā́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

víśvāni ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

āśata ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

pávamānāsaḥ ← √pū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

hitā́ḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

ráthe ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sáptayaḥ ← sápti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ए॒ते । विश्वा॑नि । वार्या॑ । पव॑मानासः । आ॒श॒त॒ ।
हि॒ताः । न । सप्त॑यः । रथे॑ ॥

• ete ← etad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• viśvāni ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• vāryā ← vārya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth.”

• pavamānāsa ← pavamānāsaḥ ← pū
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• āśata ← aś
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

• hitā ← hitāḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• saptayo ← saptayaḥ ← sapti
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse.”

• rathe ← ratha
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

एते सोमाः पवमानासः पूयमानाः विश्वानि वार्या वार्याणि वरणीयानि धनानि आशत व्याप्नुवन् । रथे हिताः स्थापिताः नः सप्तयः अश्वा इव । ते यथा रथमभिमतं देशं प्राप्नुवन्ति तद्वद्धनमस्माकं प्रायच्छन्नित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Like horses harnessed to a car these pure juices bring (to us) all desirable blessings.”

These self-purifying ones have obtained all things of value,
when propelled like the team on a chariot.

As often in the Soma hymns (see, e.g., comm. ad IX.9.1), hitá- is ambiguous, belonging either to √dhā, hence ‘placed’, or to √hi, hence ‘impelled’. Both Geldner and Renou opt for ‘placed’, and I admit that this works better with the loc. ráthe. But if they are merely “placed” at/on the chariot, we do not learn how they obtained the desirable things, and I therefore think ‘propelled’ is a necessary part of the scenario. Of course, it might be meant to be read both ways: “when placed at the chariot (and) propelled.”

These Pavamanas have obtained all blessings much to be desired,
Like coursers harnessed to a car.

Diese Pavamana´s haben alle begehrenswerten Preise erlangt wie die an den Wagen gelegten Gespanne.

Es haben diese rieselnden erlanget alles schöne Gut, Wie Rosse, die den Wagen ziehn.

Эти Паваманы достигли
Все желанных (благ),
Словно упряжные кони, запряженные в колесницу.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जिस प्रकार (सप्तयः) सात सूर्य की किरणें (रथे) इस विराड्रूपी रथ में (हिताः) निहित हैं, (न) इसी प्रकार (एते पवमानासः) सबको पवित्र करते हुए ये (विश्वानि) सम्पूर्ण (वार्या) ब्रह्माण्ड (आशत) परमात्मा में निवास करते हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार उपग्रह सूर्य आदि ग्रहों के इतस्ततः भ्रमण करते हैं, इसी प्रकार सब लोक-लोकान्तर इस विराट् के इतस्ततः परिभ्रमण करते हैं ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - यथा (सप्तयः) सप्त सूर्यकिरणाः (रथे) अस्मिन् विराड्रूपे रथे (हिताः) निहिताः सन्ति (न) तथैव (एते पवमानासः) सर्वेषां पावयितॄणि इमानि (विश्वानि) सर्वाणि (वार्या) ब्रह्माण्डानि (आशत) परमात्मनि निवसन्ति ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ꣡स्मिन् पिश꣡ङ्गम् इन्दवो
द꣡धाता वेन꣡म् आदि꣡शे
यो꣡ अस्म꣡भ्यम् अ꣡रावा

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

asmin ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

indavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

piśáṅgam ← piśáṅga- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ādíśe ← ādíś- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

dádhāta ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

venám ← vená- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

árāvā ← árāvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asmábhyam ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । अ॒स्मि॒न् । पि॒शङ्ग॑म् । इ॒न्द॒वः॒ । दधा॑त । वे॒नम् । आ॒ऽदिशे॑ ।
यः । अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् । अरा॑वा ॥

• āsmin ← ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• āsmin ← asmin ← idam
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• piśaṅgam ← piśaṅga
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “tawny; red; brown.”

• indavo ← indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• dadhātā ← dadhāta ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• venam ← vena
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Vena.”

• ādiśe ← ādiś ← √diś
• [verb noun]
• “diagnose; order; call; deem; prescribe; enumerate; name; threaten; give; produce; designate; indicate; predict.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• asmabhyam ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• arāvā ← arāvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “begrudging; hostile; stingy.”

हे ‘इन्दवः सोमाः अस्मिन् यजमाने पिशङ्गं बहुरूपं मणिमुक्ताहिरण्यादिभेदेन नानारूपं वेनं कामयन्तं बहुविधं कामम् आदिशे अस्मभ्यमादेशनाय आ दधात आयच्छतः । यः यजमानः अस्मभ्यम् अरावा —– प्रयच्छति प्राप्तकाम एव खलु ऋत्विग्भ्यः प्रयच्छति ॥

English translation:

“Effused Soma-juices, at our indication, bestow manifold blessings on this (instrumental tutor of the sacrifice), who (at present) has given us nothing.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

At our indication: asmabhyam ādeśanāya = alternative meanign: with a view to us; the sacrificer only bestows gifts on his officiating priests when he has obtained his desire

O drops, set the tawny tracker [=Soma himself] here in him [=Indra], to instruct (the man)
who does not give to us.

On my interpr. of this vs., see published translation Both Geldner and Renou have quite different views.

Geldner takes the asmin to be the sacrificer (flg. Sāyaṇa.), with the piśáṅgam … venám (my “tawny tracker,” his “den goldenen Seher”) “ein innerer Mahner” of this would-be stingy man. This anticipation of an Upaniṣadic-type Inner Controller seems anachronistic to me. Renou simply – in my opinion over-simplistically – takes all elements to be soma in one form or another: the soma drops are urged to put “le (Soma) Veilleur à couleur-d’or” into the soma liquid.

This endless loop doesn’t seem to get us anywhere. I do agree with Renou that soma/Soma is represented by two of the elements: the drops that are addressed (indavaḥ) are soma the substance and the “tawny tracker” is Soma the god. The drops are urged to put Soma the god into Indra (my interpr. of the referent of asmin); cf., from the same poet, IX.11.6 índum índre dadhātana.

The subj. of the infin. ādíśe is, in my view, the tawny tracker (i.e., Soma), though the act of placing this Soma in Indra may be part of the instruction. On the constr. see comm. on the almost identical expression in 6b.

Loc. asmin is unaccented and should therefore refer to something already present in the discourse, but that does not eliminate any of the just-given interpr.: Geldner’s sacrificer, in the person of the ‘presser’ (súṣvi-), is found in 2, my Indra in 1, and Renou’s soma is ubiquitous. In fact even without the mentions in vss. 1 and 2, the sacrificer and Indra are expected personnel on the scene in any Soma hymn.

With view to us, O Soma-drops, bestow his manifold desire
On him who yet hath given us naught.

Setzet, ihr Säfte, in ihn hinein den goldenen Seher, um ihn zu mahnen, der gegen uns karg ist!

Dem gebt, o Tropfen, goldnen Glanz, erfüllend seines Herzens Wunsch, Der unsre bösen Feinde tilgt.

О капли, вложите в него
Золотистого наблюдателя, чтоб нацелиться (на того),
Кто к нам недружелюбен!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अस्मिन्) इस विराट् में (पिशङ्गम्) अनेक वर्णों को (दधाता) धारण करते हुए (इन्दवः) सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्ड (वनम् आदिशे) उस परमात्मा का आश्रय लेते हैं(यः)जो परमात्मा (अस्मभ्यम्अरावा) हमारे लिये सब कामनाओं का देनेवाला है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - उक्त कोटानुकोटि ब्रह्माण्ड उसी निराकार परमात्मा के आधार पर स्थित है ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अस्मिन्) अस्मिन् विराट्पुरुषे (पिशङ्गम्) नानावर्णं (दधाता) धारयन्ति (इन्दवः) अखिलब्रह्माण्डानि (वनम् आदिशे) तमेव परमात्मानमाश्रयन्ते (यः) यः परमात्मा (अस्मभ्यम्) अस्मभ्यं (अरावा) सर्वकामप्रदोऽस्ति ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ऋभु꣡र् न꣡ र꣡थियं न꣡वं
द꣡धाता के꣡तम् आदि꣡शे
शुक्राः꣡ पवध्वम् अ꣡र्णसा

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

návam ← náva- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ráthyam ← ráthya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

r̥bhúḥ ← r̥bhú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ādíśe ← ādíś- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

dádhāta ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kétam ← kéta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

árṇasā ← árṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

pavadhvam ← √pū- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śukrā́ḥ ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ऋ॒भुः । न । रथ्य॑म् । नव॑म् । दधा॑त । केत॑म् । आ॒ऽदिशे॑ ।
शु॒क्राः । प॒व॒ध्व॒म् । अर्ण॑सा ॥

• ṛbhur ← ṛbhuḥ ← ṛbhu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Ribhus.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• rathyaṃ ← rathyam ← rathya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• navaṃ ← navam ← nava
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “new; fresh; young; matutinal; recent; nava [word]; modern; fresh.”

• dadhātā ← dadhāta ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• ketam ← keta
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wish; will; purpose; expectation; house.”

• ādiśe ← ādiś ← √diś
• [verb noun]
• “diagnose; order; call; deem; prescribe; enumerate; name; threaten; give; produce; designate; indicate; predict.”

• śukrāḥ ← śukra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

• pavadhvam ← pū
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• arṇasā ← arṇas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “body of water; water.”

ऋभुर्न उरु भासमानो रथस्वामीव स यथा रथ्यं रथस्य नेतारं नवं स्तुत्यं कुशलं सारथिनमग्र आधत्ते तद्वदस्मदीयेऽस्मिन् आदिशे स्वामिनि केतं प्रज्ञानं दधात स्थापयत । हे सोमाः योऽस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छति तस्मिन्नित्यर्थः। हे सोमाः अर्णसा उदकेन शुक्राः दीप्ताः सन्तः पवध्वं क्षरध्वम्॥

English translation:

“As a great man sets before him a commendable charioteer, so do you grant knowledge to our lord, and flow glistening with water.”

Like a craftsman [/R̥bhu] a new chariot (wheel), set your will to
instruct (him).
Purify yourselves to gleaming with your flood.

The adj. ráthya- generally modifies either chariot horses or chariot wheels; here, with the presence of a craftsman, the latter is most likely. So also Grassmann, Geldner, and Renou

As was just noted, pāda b dádhātā kétam ādíśe is almost identical to 5b dádhātā venám ādíśe. Nonetheless, Geldner and Renou unaccountably (at least to me) take the VP entirely differently here from 5b: they take návaṃ, dádhātā as a phrasal verb “renew, make new,” with ādíśe filling a different syntactic role. E.g., “Erneuet, um (ihn) zu mahnen, seinen Vorsatz …” (Sim. Keydana, Inf., 318, who shows no awareness of the parallel in the immed.

preceding vs.) First, I know of no other exx. of náva- √dhā in the sense ‘make new’, a sense expressed rather by náva- √kṛ (e.g., X.143.1). But, more important, the close parallelism between 5b and 6b strongly suggests that they should be interpr. the same way, with the acc. the subj. of the infinitive.

By the Geldner/Renou (/Keydana) interpr., in the simile the craftsman is “renewing” the wheel; by mine, he is “setting/placing” it on the chariot, with a slightly different sense of √dhā than in the frame.

Bring us our wish with this design, as a wright brings his new-wrought wheel:
Flow pure and shining with the stream.

Erneuert, um ihn zu mahnen, seinen Vorsatz wie Ribhu das Wagenrad; läutert euch mit klarer Flut!

Wie neues Rad der Künstler fügt, so spendet uns nach unserm Wunsch, Im Strome rieselt hell dahin.

Как искусный мастер – новое (колесо) колесницы,
Создайте (ему новую) волю, чтоб нацелиться (на него)!
Очищаясь (своим) течением, (чтоб стать) прозрачными!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शुक्राः) हे पवित्रकारक परमात्मन् ! आप (रथ्यम् नवम्) नये घोड़े को (दधाता) वश में रखते हुए (ऋभुर्न) सारथी की तरह (केतम् आदिशे) आप सबको बश में करके ज्ञानादि ऐश्वर्य देते हैं (अर्णसा) आप हमको धनाद्यैश्वर्य देकर(पवध्वम्) पवित्र करिये॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जीव करने में स्वतन्त्र और भोगने में परतन्त्र है। ईश्वर कर्मों के भुगाने में उसे ऐसे नियमों में निगडित रखता है, जिसका वह अतिक्रमण कदापि नहीं कर सकता। बड़े-२ सम्राटों को भी कर्मों का फल अवश्यमेव भोगना पड़ता है। इसी अभिप्राय से यह कहा है कि जिस प्रकार जीवों को अपने अधीन रखता है ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शुक्राः) हे पवित्रकारकपरमात्मन् ! भवान् (रथ्यम् नवम्) नवमश्वं (दधाता) वशमानयन् (ऋभुर्न) सारथिरिव सर्वान् वशमानयन् (केतम् आदिशे) ज्ञानमुपदिशति (अर्णसा पवध्वम्) भवान् मां धनाद्यैश्वर्येण तर्पयतु ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

एत꣡ उ त्ये꣡ अवीवशन्
का꣡ष्ठां वाजि꣡नो अक्रत
सतः꣡ प्रा꣡साविषुर् मति꣡म्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
avīvaśan ← √vāś- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

eté ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tyé ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

u ← u (invariable)
{}

akrata ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

kā́ṣṭhām ← kā́ṣṭhā- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

vājínaḥ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

asāviṣuḥ ← √sū- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

matím ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

satáḥ ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ए॒ते । ऊं॒ इति॑ । त्ये । अ॒वी॒व॒श॒न् । काष्ठा॑म् । वा॒जिनः॑ । अ॒क्र॒त॒ ।
स॒तः । प्र । अ॒सा॒वि॒षुः॒ । म॒तिम् ॥

• eta ← ete ← etad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• tye ← tya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “that.”

• avīvaśan ← vāś
• [verb], plural, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “bellow; howl; sing; moo; shout.”

• kāṣṭhāṃ ← kāṣṭhām ← kāṣṭhā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “kāṣṭhā; quarter; body of water.”

• vājino ← vājinaḥ ← vājin
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• akrata ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• sataḥ ← satas
• [adverb]
• “evenly.”

• prāsāviṣur ← prāsāviṣuḥ ← prasū ← √sū
• [verb], plural, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “give birth; be born; originate; impel; propel; grow.”

• matim ← mati
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

त्ये ते एत उ एत एव सोमाः अवीवशन् कामयन्ते यज्ञम् । कान्त्वा च वाजिनः बलवन्तोऽन्नवन्तो वा सोमाः काष्ठाम् अक्रत निवासस्थानमकुर्वन् । द्रोणकलशादुद्गता ग्रहानित्यर्थः। सतः यजमानस्य-स्तोतुर्वा मतिं बुद्धिं स्तुतिं वा प्रासाविषुः प्रैरयन् ॥ ॥ ११ ॥

English translation:

“These effused juices have desired (the sacrifice); powerful they have made for themselves an abiding-plural ce; they have animated the intellect of the pious instrumental tutor of the rite.”

These (drops) here have bellowed; the prizewinning horses have made the finish line.
They have stimulated the thought of (the poet) who is really present.

satáḥ in c is somewhat puzzling. Both Geldner and Renou take it as adverbial: “in gleicher Weise,” “pareillement.” Geldner makes no comment; Renou adduces sató-mahant-, -vīra-. For this 1st cmpd member see comm. ad VII.104.21. As I point out there, though I think the cmpds in question contain this adverbial element, I do not think it exists as an independent word.

Supposed exx. of it belong instead to the pres. part. of √as, either gen./abl. sg. or acc. pl.

Here I take it as the gen. sg., dependent on matím. Genitives appearing with this stem generally refer to the poet (e.g., IX.64.10 kavīnā́m matī́). Forms of √as, incl. the pres. part., can have the extended sense ‘be real / really present’, and that is how I take it here. Cf. for a similar use in a nearby hymn IX.19.7 dūré vā sató ánti vā “whether he be in the distance or nearby” (used of an enemy); also IX.31.6 (of Soma).

These drops have cried with resonant voice: like swift steeds they have run the course,
And roused the good man’s hymn to life.

Diese haben ein Gebrüll erhoben, die siegreichen Renner haben das Ziel genommen; sie haben in gleicher Weise das Denken angeregt.

Es haben diese laut gerauscht, die Rosse schon ihr Ziel erreicht, Des Frommen Andacht angeregt.

Эти самые (соки) взревели.
Завоеватели наград взяли барьер
(И) одновременно вдохновили молитву.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजिनः) सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्यवाला (त्ये एते उ) वही पूर्वोक्त परमात्मा (अवीवशन्) सबको वश में रखता हुआ (सतः मतिम्) सत्कर्मियों की बुद्धि को (असाविषुः) शुभ मार्ग की ओरलगाता हुआ (पराम् काष्ठाम् अक्रत) परम काष्ठा को प्राप्त कराता है॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग परमात्मा की ओर झुकते हैं, अर्थात् यमनियमादि साधन सम्पन्न होकर संयमी बनते हैं, वे ब्रह्मविद्या की पराकाष्ठा को प्राप्त होते हैं। इसी अभिप्राय से उपनिषदों में यह कहा है कि ‘सा काष्ठा सा परा गतिः’ ॥७॥ यह इक्कीसवाँ सूक्त और ग्यारहवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजिनः) सर्वविधैश्वर्यवान् (त्ये एते उ) स एव पूर्वोक्तः परमात्मा (अवीवशन्) सर्वान् वशीकरोति तथा च (सतः मतिम्) सत्कर्मणां बुद्धिं (असाविषुः) शुभमार्गाभिमुखं प्रेरयति च (पराम् काष्ठाम् अक्रत) एवम्भूतः परमकाष्ठां प्रापयति ॥७॥ एकविंशतितमं सूक्तमेकादशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥