०१०

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓ स्वाना᳓सो र᳓था इव
अ᳓र्वन्तो न᳓ श्रवस्य᳓वः
सो᳓मासो राये᳓ अक्रमुः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
iva ← iva (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

ráthāḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

svānā́saḥ ← svāná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

árvantaḥ ← árvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śravasyávaḥ ← śravasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

akramuḥ ← √kramⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

rāyé ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sómāsaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

प्र । स्वा॒नासः॑ । रथाः॑ऽइव । अर्व॑न्तः । न । श्र॒व॒स्यवः॑ ।
सोमा॑सः । रा॒ये । अ॒क्र॒मुः॒ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• svānāso ← svānāsaḥ ← svāna
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sound.”

• rathā ← rathāḥ ← ratha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• ivārvanto ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• ivārvanto ← arvantaḥ ← arvant
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “horse.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• śravasyavaḥ ← śravasyu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “celebrated.”

• somāso ← somāsaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• rāye ← rai
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• akramuḥ ← kram
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

प्र स्वानासः अभिषववेलायामुपरवेषु शब्दं कुर्वन्तः सोमासः सोमाः रथाइव यथा शब्दं कुर्वन्तो रथा: अर्वन्तो न यथा शब्दं कुर्वन्तोऽश्वाः तथा श्रवस्यवः शत्रुभ्योऽन्नमिच्छन्तः राये। यजमानानां धनाय अक्रमुः आगच्छन् ।

English translation:

“Longing for food the Soma juices, uttering a sound like chariots or like horses, have come for the sake of riches.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Somāsaḥ = desiring to seize food from their enemies; taken with arvantaḥ, it is translated ‘or like glory-seeking steeds

While being pressed, the soma juices, resounding like chariots, seeking fame like chargers,
have marched forth for wealth.

svānā́saḥ can be both the nom. pl. masc. of the adj. svāná- ‘resounding’ (√svan) and the med. rt. aor. part. to √su ‘press’, in passive usage as is usual for this part. I consider the ambiguity intentional and render it twice (“while being pressed … resounding”), but although both Geldner (n. 1a) and Renou (with more fuss) recognize the double identity, they render only the ‘resound’ sense that is appropriate to the simile.

LIKE cars that thunder on their way, like coursers eager for renown,
Have Soma-drops flowed forth for wealth.

Dröhnend wie die Wagen, ruhmbegierig wie die Rennpferde haben sich die Somasäfte in Lauf gesetzt, um Reichtum zu gewinnen.

Wie Wagen rasselnd eilten sie, wie Renner strebend nach dem Ziel, Die Soma’s zu den Schätzen hin.

Вперед выступили соки сомы ради богатства,
Словно грохочущие колесницы,
Словно скакуны, ищущие славы.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब उक्त परमात्मा को यज्ञरूप से वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमासः) चराचर संसार का उत्पादक उक्त परमात्मा (राये) ऐश्वर्य के लिये (अक्रमुः) सदा उद्यत है (रथाः, इव) अति शीघ्र गति करनेवाले विद्युदादि के समान (प्रस्वानासः) जो प्रसिद्ध है और जो (अर्वन्तः, न) गतिशील राजाओं के समान (श्रवस्यवः) ऐश्वर्य देने को सदा उद्यत है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार बिजली की जागृतिशील ध्वनि से सब पुरुष जाग्रत हो जाते हैं, इस प्रकार परमात्मा के शब्द से सब लोग उद्बुद्ध हो जाते हैं, अर्थात् परमात्मा नाना प्रकार के शब्दों से पुरुषों को उद्बोधनकरता है और जिस प्रकार न्यायशील राजा अपनी प्रजा को ऐश्वर्य प्रदान करता है, इसी प्रकार वह सत्कर्मी पुरुषों को सदैव ऐश्वर्य प्रदान करता है ॥१॥

अथ पूर्वोक्तः परमात्मा यज्ञत्वेन वर्ण्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोमासः) चराचरजगदुत्पादकः स परमात्मा (राये) ऐश्वर्याय (अक्रमुः) शश्वदुद्यतोऽस्ति (रथाः, इव) शीघ्रतरगामिविद्युदादिवत् (प्रस्वानासः) यः प्रसिद्धः (अर्वन्तः) गतिशीला राजानः (न) इव (श्रवस्यवः) ऐश्वर्यं दातुं सदोद्यतः अस्ति॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

हिन्वाना᳓सो र᳓था इव
दधन्विरे᳓ ग᳓भस्तियोः
भ᳓रासः कारि᳓णाम् इव

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
hinvānā́saḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iva ← iva (invariable)

ráthāḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

dadhanviré ← √dhanv- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

gábhastyoḥ ← gábhasti- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:DU}

bhárāsaḥ ← bhára- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

kāríṇām ← kārín- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

हि॒न्वा॒नासः॑ । रथाः॑ऽइव । द॒ध॒न्वि॒रे । गभ॑स्त्योः ।
भरा॑सः । का॒रिणा॑म्ऽइव ॥

• hinvānāso ← hinvānāsaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• rathā ← rathāḥ ← ratha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• dadhanvire ← dhanv
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “run.”

• gabhastyoḥ ← gabhasti
• [noun], locative, dual, masculine
• “beam; hand; sun.”

• bharāsaḥ ← bhara
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “battle; weight; foray; bhṛ; load.”

• kāriṇām ← kārin
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “causing; making; acting; performing; producing; doing.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

सोमाः रथाइव यथा रथास्तथा हिन्वानासः हिन्वाना यागदेशं प्रति गच्छन्तः भरासः भराः कारिणामिव यथा भारवाहिनां बाह्वोर्धीयन्ते तथा गभस्त्योः ऋत्विजां बाह्वोः। ‘ गभस्ती बाहू’ इति बाहुनामसु पाठात् । दधन्विरे धीयन्ते ॥

English translation:

“Coming like chariots (to the sacrifice), they are upheld in the arms (of the priests) as burdens (in the arms) of labourers.”

Being propelled like chariots, they have run between the two hands (of the priest).
Their takings are like those of decisive victors.

With Geldner I take c as an independent nominal cl. Renou takes c as a continuation of ab, but as Geldner points out (n. 2c) c is the Fortsetzung of the image in ab: in ab the chariots are presumably competing for prizes; the prizes or “takings” (bhára-) in c are what these chariots win. For the phrase in c see IX.16.5 mahé bhárāya kāríṇaḥ “for the great taking of the decisive victor.”

Forth have they rushed from holding hands, like chariots that are urged to speed,
Like joyful songs of singing-men.

Zur Eile getrieben sind sie wie Wagen gelaufen unter den Händen. Seine Siegerpreise sind wie die der Gewinner.

Sie strömten von den Armen aus den losgelassnen Wagen gleich, Und wie der Sänger Liederschar.

Погоняемые, словно колесницы,
Они помчались из-под рук (жреца),
Подобные наградам тех, кто решает исход.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (रथाः, इव) विद्युत् के समान ((गभस्त्योः, दधन्विरे) अपनी चमत्कृत रशिमयों को धारण किये हुये है। (हिन्वानासः) सदैव गतिशील है और (कारिणाम्, इव) कर्मयोगियों के समान सदैव सत्कर्म के (भरासः) भार उठाने को समर्थ है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार कर्मयोगी सत्कर्म को करने में सदैव तत्पर रहता है, इसी प्रकार संसार की उत्पत्ति स्थिति प्रलयादि कर्मों में परमात्मा सदैव तत्पर रहता है अर्थात् उक्त कर्म उस में स्वतःसिद्ध और अनायास से होते हैं, इसी अभिप्राय से ब्राह्मणग्रन्थों में उसे “सर्वकर्मा सर्वगन्धः सर्वरसः” ऐसा प्रतिपादन किया है कि सर्व प्रकार के कर्म और सब प्रकार के गन्ध तथा रस उसी से अपनी-२ सत्ता का लाभ करते हैं। इस प्रकार परमात्मा सदैव गतिशील है, इसी अभिप्राय से गतिकर्मा रंहति धातु से निष्पन्न रथ की उपमा दी है। जो लोग उसको अक्रिय कहकर यह सिद्ध करते हैं कि शुद्ध ब्रह्म में कोई क्रिया नहीं होती, क्रिया करने की शक्ति माया के साथ मिलकर आती है, अन्यथा नहीं, इसलिये ईश्वर जगत् का कारण है, ब्रह्म नहीं, ऐसा कथन करनेवाले वैदिक सिद्धान्त से सर्वथा भिन्न हैं, क्योंकि वेदों में “भूमिं जनयन्देव एकः” यजुः१७।१९। “सूर्याचन्द्रमसौ धाता यथापूर्वमकल्पयत्’” “विश्वस्य कर्त्ताभुवनस्य गोप्ता”मुं० १।१।१ इत्यादि वेदोपनिषद्के वाक्यों में शुद्ध ब्रह्म में जगत्कर्तृत्व कदापि न पाया जाता, यदि ईश्वर में क्रिया न होती, इससे स्पष्ट सिद्ध है कि ईश्वर में क्रिया स्वतःसिद्ध है, इसी अभिप्राय से कहा है कि “स्वाभाविकी ज्ञानबलक्रिया च” ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - सः (रथाः, इव) विद्युदिव (गभस्त्योः, दधन्विरे) स्वचमत्कृतरश्मीनां धारकः (हिन्वानासः) सततगतिशीलोऽस्ति तथा च (कारिणाम्, इव) कर्मयोगिन इव (भरासः) शश्वत्सत्कर्मभारं वोढुमुद्यतोऽस्ति॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

रा᳓जानो न᳓ प्र᳓शस्तिभिः
सो᳓मासो गो᳓भिर् अञ्जते
यज्ञो᳓ न᳓ सप्त᳓ धातृ᳓भिः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ná ← ná (invariable)

práśastibhiḥ ← práśasti- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

rā́jānaḥ ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

añjate ← √añj- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

góbhiḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

sómāsaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

dhātŕ̥bhiḥ ← dhātár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

yajñáḥ ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

राजा॑नः । न । प्रश॑स्तिऽभिः । सोमा॑सः । गोभिः॑ । अ॒ञ्ज॒ते॒ ।
य॒ज्ञः । न । स॒प्त । धा॒तृऽभिः॑ ॥

• rājāno ← rājānaḥ ← rājan
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• praśastibhiḥ ← praśasti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “announcement; praise; respect.”

• somāso ← somāsaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• gobhir ← gobhiḥ ← go
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• añjate ← añj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “smear; anoint; mix; color.”

• yajño ← yajñaḥ ← yajña
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• dhātṛbhiḥ ← dhātṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Brahma; Dhātṛ; creator; Dhātṛ.”

सोमासः सोमाः प्रशस्तिभिः प्रशस्ताभिः स्तुतिरूपाभिर्वाग्भिः राजानो न यथा राजानः सप्त धातृभिः सप्त होत्राभिः यज्ञो न यथा च यज्ञस्तथा गोभिः गोविकारैः पयोभिः अञ्जते अज्यन्ते । संस्क्रियन्त इत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The libations are anointed with milk as kings with praises, and (tended) as a sacrifice by seven priests.”

Like kings by encomia, the soma juices are anointed with cows,
like the sacrifice by its seven ordainers.

The first hemistich contains a simile embedded, as it were, in a metaphor: kings are only metaphorically “anointed” (that is, decorated, adorned) with praises; the soma juices are somewhat less metaphorically “anointed,” since “the cows” are actually milk, which is liquid enough to anoint.

In c the poet seems silently to switch instrumental functions, while holding the structure constant: NOM. INSTR. añjate. In both a and b the INSTR. expresses the instrument of anointment, either metaphorical or real, but in c the INSTR. expresses the agents who perform the anointing. The “seven ordainers” (saptá dhātár-) are presumably the priests; the priests reappear as Hotars in vs. 7 with “seven siblings,” probably their insightful thoughts or else simply seven other priests. See below.

The relationship between kings and the genre of práśasti-, which I discuss in my RV between Two Worlds (pp. 146-48), is very clear here.

The Somas deck themselves with milk, as Kings are graced with eulogies,
And, with seven priests, the sacrifice.

Wie die Könige mit Lobreden werden die Somatränke mit Milch gesalbt, heraus-gestrichen, wie das Opfer von den sieben Vollziehern.

Die Soma’s schmücken sich mit Milch, wie Könige mit Herrlichkeit, Wie sieben Opferer das Fest.

Как цари (украшаются) славословиями,
Соки сомы умащаются коровьим молоком,
Как жертва (умащается) семерыми устроителями.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (राजानः, न)राजाओं के समान (सोमासः) सौम्य स्वभाववाला परमात्मा (गोभिः) अपनी प्रकाशमय ज्योतियों से (अञ्जते) प्रकाशित होता है (यज्ञः, न) जिस प्रकार यज्ञ (सप्त, धातृभिः) ऋत्विगादि सात प्रकार के होताओं से सुशोभित होता है, इसी प्रकार परमात्मा प्रकृति की विकृति महदादि सात प्रकृतिओं से संसारावस्था में सुशोभित होता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - संसार भी एक यज्ञ है और इस यज्ञ के कार्यकारी ऋत्विगादि होता प्रकृति की शक्तियें हैं, जब परमात्मा इस बृहत् यज्ञ को करता है तो प्रकृति की शक्तियें उसमें ऋत्विगादि का काम करती हैं। इसी अभिप्राय से यह कथन किया है कि “तं यज्ञं बर्हिषि प्रौक्षन् पुरुषं जातमग्रतः। तेन देवा अयजन्त साध्या ऋषयश्च ये” यजुः ३१।९। उस पुरुषमेध यज्ञ को करते हुए ऋषि लोग सर्वद्रष्टा परमात्मा को अपना लक्ष्य बनाते हैं। इस प्रकार परमात्मा का इस मन्त्र में यज्ञरूप से वर्णन किया है। इसी अभिप्राय से “यज्ञोवै विष्णुः” शत० इत्यादि वाक्यों में परमात्मा को यज्ञ कथन किया है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (राजानः, न) नृपा इव (सोमासः) सौम्यस्वभाववान् परमात्मा (गोभिः) स्वप्रकाशमयज्योतिभिः (अञ्जते) प्रकाशते (यज्ञः, न) यथा यज्ञः (सप्त, धातृभिः) सप्तविधहोतृभिर्विराजते तथावत् परमात्मापि प्रकृतिविकृतिरूपमहदादिसप्तप्रकृतिभिः संसारावस्थायां द्योतत इत्यर्थः॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि स्वाना᳓स° इ᳓न्दवो
म᳓दाय बर्ह᳓णा गिरा᳓
सुता᳓ अर्षन्ति धा᳓रया

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

pári ← pári (invariable)

suvānā́saḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

barháṇā ← barháṇā- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

girā́ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

mádāya ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

arṣanti ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dhā́rayā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

sutā́ḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

परि॑ । सु॒वा॒नासः॑ । इन्द॑वः । मदा॑य । ब॒र्हणा॑ । गि॒रा ।
सु॒ताः । अ॒र्ष॒न्ति॒ । धार॑या ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• suvānāsa ← suvānāsaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “press out; su.”

• indavo ← indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• madāya ← mada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• barhaṇā ← barhaṇa
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “vigorous.”

• girā ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• sutā ← sutāḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “press out; su.”

• arṣanti ← ṛṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “run.”

• dhārayā ← dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

सुवानासः सुवाना अभिषूयमाणाः इन्दवः सोमाः बर्हणा महत्या गिरा स्तुतिरूपया वाचा सुताः अभिषुताः सन्तः मदाय मदार्थं धारया परि अर्षन्ति परितो गच्छन्ति ।

English translation:

“The Soma juices, when poured forth, are effused with loud praise, and proceed in a stream to excite exhilaration.”

While resounding [/being pressed] for exhilaration with might and song, the drops,
pressed, rush around in a stream.

The pun on svānā́saḥ in 1a recurs here; this time Geldner and Renou render it only as ‘pressed’.

Pressed for the gladdening draught, the drops flow forth abundantly with song,
The Soma juices in a stream.

Die Säfte, die zum Rausche ausgepreßt werden unter eifrigem Lobe, fließen ausgepreßt im Strome um.

Die Indutränke rinnen rings, zum Rausch erzeugt, mit Macht und Schall Im Strome die gepressten hin.

Капли, выжатые для опьянения,
Мощно, в сопровождении песни,
Соки сомы текут потоком.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• भुरिग्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (परि,सुवानासः) संसार को उत्पन्न करता हुआ (इन्दवः) सर्वप्रकाशक परमात्मा (बर्हणा, गिरा) अभ्युदय देनेवाली वेदवाणी द्वारा (सुताः) वर्णन किया हुआ (धारया) अमृत की वृष्टि से (मदाय अर्षति) आनन्द को देता है॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - द्युभ्वादि अनेक लोकों को उत्पन्न करनेवाला परमात्मा अपनी पवित्र वेदवाणी द्वारा हमको नाना विध के आनन्द प्रदान करता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (परिसुवानासः) संसारमुत्पादयन् (इन्दवः) सर्वप्रकाशकः परमात्मा (बर्हणा, गिरा) अभ्युदयं दधानया वेदवाचा (सुताः) वर्णितः (धारया) अमृतवर्षेण (मदाय, अर्षति) आनन्दं ददाति॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आपाना᳓सो विव᳓स्वतो
ज᳓नन्त उष᳓सो भ᳓गम्
सू᳓रा अ᳓ण्वं वि᳓ तन्वते

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
āpānā́saḥ ← √āp- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

vivásvataḥ ← vivásvant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

bhágam ← bhága- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jánantaḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

uṣásaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

áṇvam ← áṇva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sū́rāḥ ← sū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tanvate ← √tan- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ví ← ví (invariable)

आ॒पा॒नासः॑ । वि॒वस्व॑तः । जन॑न्तः । उ॒षसः॑ । भग॑म् ।
सूराः॑ । अण्व॑म् । वि । त॒न्व॒ते॒ ॥

• āpānāso ← āpānāsaḥ ← āp
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “enter (a state); get; reach; obtain; equal.”

• vivasvato ← vivasvataḥ ← vivasvant
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Surya; sun; Vivasvant; Vivasvant.”

• jananta ← janantaḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• uṣaso ← uṣasaḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• bhagam ← bhaga
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Bhaga; vulva; good fortune; vagina; bhaga [word]; sun; well-being; happiness; overlord.”

• sūrā ← sūrāḥ ← sūra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sun.”

• aṇvaṃ ← aṇvam ← aṇva
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• tanvate ← tan
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “expand; perform; cause; increase; write; spread; produce; spread; speak; propagate.”

विवस्वतः इन्द्रस्य आपानासः अपानभूताः उषसः भगं जनन्तः जनयन्तः सूराः सरन्तः सोमाः अण्वं वि तन्वते । अभिषववेलायामुपरवेषु शब्दं कुर्वन्ति ॥ ॥ ३४ ॥

English translation:

“The beverages of Vivasvat and producing the glory of the dawn, the issuing juices spread their sound.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Vivasvat = Indra; āpānasaḥ = āpānabhūtaḥ; spread their sound: aṇvam vitanvate = śabdam kurvanti; elsewhere, aṇva is explained as the small holes of the filter

Having obtained (the portion) of Vivasvant, begetting the portion of Dawn,
the suns stretch out across the fine (fleece).

On my view of the sense of this vs., see published introduction. With Geldner, I supply bhágam with the gen. vivásvataḥ in a, as well as with gen. uṣásaḥ in b; unlike Geldner I take bhága- to mean ‘portion’ (not “das Glück”) and interpr. it as referring to the radiance of the two divinities, by which Soma transforms himself into the sun (or rather a set of suns – the radiating golden color on the sheep’s fleece filter). Renou’s interpr. is quite different: he supplies “la région” with vivásvataḥ, and takes uṣásaḥ as an acc. pl., parallel to bhágam and both as names of divinities (“engendrant les Aurores (et) Bhaga”). For the former he must be thinking of the common expression sádane vivásvataḥ “in the seat of V,” but that expression is only in the loc. and never found in IX. As for the latter, even with his explanatory n. I don’t how this improves the sense of the vs. _________ 06
“The raging of the bull” must refer to the headlong journey of the soma as it is being purified, which is set in motion and accompanied by the recitation of ritual poetry – hence the violent opening of “the doors of poetic thoughts” (dvā́rā matīnā́m). The continuity of the poetic tradition from the pratnā́ḥ (‘ancient’) bards to the current ones is suggested by the use of the pres. ṛṇvanti. I do not think, with Geldner (n. 6ab), that pratná- gives the present tense verb a preterital sense, and indeed in IX.73.3 pítā … pratnó abhí rakṣati Geldner tr. the pres. rakṣati with the pres. “wacht,” not a preterite.

Winning Vivasvan’s glory and producing Morning’s light, the Suns
Pass through the openings of the cloth.

Wenn sie das Glück des Vivasvat erlangt haben und das Glück der Usas erzeugen, breiten sie als Sonnen dich die Seihe aus.

Erlangend des Vivasvat Glanz und zeugend den des Morgenroths, Dringt durch die Seihe hin der Saft.

Достигнув (сферы) Вивасвата,
Порождая утренние зори, Бхагу,
(Эти) солнца далеко протягивают сито.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (आपानासः)सब दुःखों का नाश करनेवाला (विवस्वतः) सूर्य से (उषसः, भगम्) उषारूप ऐश्वर्य को (जनन्तः) उत्पन्न करता हुआ (सूराः) गतिशील (अण्वम्) सूक्ष्मप्रकृति का (वितन्वते) विस्तार करता है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा प्रकृति की सूक्ष्मावस्था से अथवा यों कहो कि परमाणुओं से सृष्टि को उत्पन्न करता है और सूर्यादि प्रकाशमय ज्योतियों से उषारूप ऐश्वर्यों को उत्पन्न करता हुआ संसार के दुःखों का नाश करता है। तात्पर्य यह है कि उषःकाल होते ही जिस प्रकार सब ओर से आह्लाद उत्पन्न होता है, इस प्रकार का आह्लाद और समय में नहीं होता, इसलिये उषःकाल को यहाँ ऐश्वर्यरूप से कथन किया है। यद्यपि प्रातः, सन्ध्या, मध्याह्न इत्यादि सब काल परमात्मा की विभूति हैं, तथापि जिस प्रकार की उत्तम विभूति उषःकाल है, वैसी विभूति अन्यकाल नहीं, तात्पर्य यह है कि उषःकाल को उत्पन्न करके परमात्मा ने सब दुःखों को दूर किया है अर्थात् उक्त काल में योगी तथा रोगी सब प्रकार के लोग उस परमात्मा के आनन्द में उषःकाल में निमग्न हो जाते हैं। एक प्रकार से उषःकाल अपनी लालिमा के समान ब्रह्मोपासनारूपी रंग से सम्पूर्ण संसार को रञ्जित कर देता है ॥५॥३४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (आपानासः) सर्वथा क्लेशानामपहर्ता (विवस्वतः) सूर्यात् (उषसः, भगम्) उषोरूपं स्वैश्वर्यम् (जनन्तः) जनयन् (सूराः) गन्त्रीम् (अण्वम्) सूक्ष्मप्रकृतिम् (वितन्वते) वितनोति॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓प द्वा᳓रा मतीना᳐᳓म्
प्रत्ना᳓ ऋण्वन्ति कार᳓वः
वृ᳓ष्णो ह᳓रस आय᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ápa ← ápa (invariable)

dvā́rā ← dvā́r- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

matīnā́m ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

kārávaḥ ← kārú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

pratnā́ḥ ← pratná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

r̥ṇvanti ← √r̥- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

āyávaḥ ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

hárase ← háras- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

अप॑ । द्वारा॑ । म॒ती॒नाम् । प्र॒त्नाः । ऋ॒ण्व॒न्ति॒ । का॒रवः॑ ।
वृष्णः॑ । हर॑से । आ॒यवः॑ ॥

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• dvārā ← dvāra
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “aperture; gate; door; mouth; vagina; orifice; dvāra [word]; pass; opening; means; entrance.”

• matīnām ← mati
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

• pratnā ← pratnāḥ ← pratna
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “age-old; pratna [word].”

• ṛṇvanti ← ṛch
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

• kāravaḥ ← kāru
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “poet; singer.”

• vṛṣṇo ← vṛṣṇaḥ ← vṛṣan
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• harasa ← harase ← haras
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “fire; fury; grip; capture.”

• āyavaḥ ← āyu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

मतीनां स्तुतीनां कारवः कर्तार ऋत्विजः प्रत्नाः पुराणाः वृष्णः सेचकस्य सोमस्य हरस आहरस आहर्तारश्च आयवः मनुष्याः द्वारा यज्ञस्य द्वाराणि अप ऋण्वन्ति ॥

English translation:

“The old makers of hymns, men the offerers of the Soma, throw open the doors (of the sacrifice).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Dvārā is taken with matīnām, the ancient poets throw open the doors of their hymns

The ancient bards thrust open the doors of poetic thoughts—
the Āyus for the raging of the bull.

The singing-men of ancient time open the doors of sacred songs,-
Men, for the mighty to accept.

Die Dichter der Vorzeit öffneten das Tor der Gedanken, die Ayusöhne zur Brunst des Bullen.

Es thut der alten Sänger Schar die Thore der Gebete auf, Den Stier zu fassen rasch bemüht.

Древние певцы раскрывают
Врата мыслей,
(Эти) Аю, для захвата быка.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृष्णः)सब कामनाओं के दाता परमात्मा की (हरसे) पाप की निवृत्ति के लिये उपासना करनेवाले (आयवः) मनुष्य (कारवः) जो कर्मयोगी हैं (प्रत्नाः) जो अभ्यास में परिपक्व हैं, वे (मतीनाम्) बुद्धि के (अप,द्वारा) जो कुत्सित मार्ग हैं, उनको (ऋण्वन्ति) मार्जन कर देते हैं॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो कर्मयोगी लोग कर्मयोग में तत्पर हैं और ईश्वर की उपासना में प्रतिदिन रत रहते हैं, वे अपनी बुद्धि को कुमार्ग की ओर कदापि नहीं जाने देते, तात्पर्य यह है कि कर्मयोगियों में अभ्यास की दृढ़ता के प्रभाव से ऐसा सामर्थ्य उत्पन्न हो जाता है कि उनकी बुद्धि सदैव सन्मार्ग की ओर ही जाती है, अन्यत्र नहीं ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृष्णः) सर्वकामप्रदातुः परमात्मनः (हरसे) पापनाशाय (आयवः) उपासका मनुष्याः (कारवः) कर्मयोगिनः (प्रत्नाः) दृढाभ्यासाः सन्तः (मतीनाम्) बुद्धीनां (अप, द्वारा) कुत्सितमार्गान् (ऋण्वन्ति) शोधयन्ति॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

समीचीना᳓स आसते
हो᳓तारः सप्त᳓जामयः
पद᳓म् ए᳓कस्य पि᳓प्रतः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
āsate ← √ās- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

samīcīnā́saḥ ← samīcīná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

hótāraḥ ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

saptájāmayaḥ ← saptájāmi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ékasya ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

padám ← padá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

píprataḥ ← √pr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

स॒मी॒ची॒नासः॑ । आ॒स॒ते॒ । होता॑रः । स॒प्तऽजा॑मयः ।
प॒दम् । एक॑स्य । पिप्र॑तः ॥

• samīcīnāsa ← samīcīnāsaḥ ← samīcīna
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “combined; real.”

• āsate ← ās
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sit; stay; sit down; dwell; lie; lie; exist.”

• hotāraḥ ← hotṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Hotṛ.”

• saptajāmayaḥ ← sapta ← saptan
• [noun]
• “seven; seventh.”

• saptajāmayaḥ ← jāmayaḥ ← jāmi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sister; woman; daughter-in-law.”

• padam ← pada
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

• ekasya ← eka
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• piprataḥ ← pṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “protect; promote; rescue; help.”

समीचीनासः समीचीनाः जामयः जामिसदृशाः एकस्य सोमस्य पदं स्थानं पिप्रतः पूरयन्तः सप्त होतारः सप्त होत्रकाः आसते यज्ञ उपविशन्ति ॥

English translation:

“The seven associated ministers like so many kinsmen filling the receptacle of the single (Soma), sit down (at the sacrifice).”

They sit all together, the Hotars with their seven siblings,
guiding the track of the lone one safely across.

Geldner and Renou take the seven siblings here as the seven dhītí- of 8.4 and 9.4, which is quite likely – though the priests themselves are also a possibility. Geldner adduces IX.66.8 sám u tvā dhībhír asvaran … saptá jāmáyaḥ “Together the seven siblings cried out to you with insightful thoughts,” which has both the 7 siblings and the thoughts – but the referent of the siblings in that vs. is not clear. Geldner there takes it as the fingers, which seems somewhat perverse, given that seven is not a canonical number for fingers – and fingers don’t cry out.

I prefer rivers, since the “seven streams” were mentioned in the previous vs. _________ 08
ā́dade belongs to √dā ‘bind’, not ‘give’; see, e.g., Kümmel 242. On the idiom see comm. ad I.139.1, IX.79.4.

Geldner, Renou, and Kümmel all take b as a simile (“wie das Auge an die Sonne”), presumably with cid as the simile particle. But, as I have stated elsewhere (see, e.g., comm. ad I.173.7), I am not at all convinced that cid is ever so used. Here, the point is the real identification of Soma, or his eye, with the sun, not a comparison to Soma’s kinship with me; see ékam ákṣi in 9.4, the transformation of Soma into sun(s) in our vs. 5c, and esp. the transformation of the sun’s eye into Soma’s eye in the next vs. (9c).

Grassmann identifies duhe in c as a 1st ps.; Geldner and Renou take it as 3rd sg. passive with ápatyam as subj. (e.g., “Die Nachkommenschaft des Sehers wird herausgemolken”), interpr. kaví- as a reference to Soma and ápatyam as the soma juice. But medial forms of √duh are generally transitive, with the sense ‘give X as milk’, and I follow that interpr. here, with Soma the unexpressed subject/agent. I suggest that c explains a: “binding his navel to our navel” means that he makes himself our kin and indeed takes responsibility for providing us with offspring. I take kavéḥ as referring to the (human) poet. Soma repays our devotion and care (see esp. vs. 7) with the usual ritual rewards, including sons.

Combined in close society sit the seven priests, the brother-hood,
Filling the station of the One.

Vereinigt sitzen die Hotri´s da, die sieben Schwestern haben, indem die den Schritt des Einzigen geleiten.

Die Priester sitzen im Verein, mit sieben Schwestern eng verknüpft, Den Ort des einen füllen sie.

Собравшись вместе, сидят
Хотары, сопровождаемые семью сестрами,
Охраняя шаг единственного.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सप्त, जामयः)यज्ञकर्म में सङ्गति रखनेवाले (होतारः) होता लोग (समीचीनासः) यज्ञकर्म में जो निपुण हैं, वे (एकस्य, पदम्) एक परमात्मा के पद को जब (आसते) ग्रहण करते हैं, तो वे (पिप्रतः) यज्ञ को सम्पूर्ण करते हैं॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग एक परमात्मा की उपासना करते हैं, उन्हीं के सब कामों की पूर्ति होती है। तात्पर्य यह है कि ईश्वरपरायण लोगों के कार्यों में कदापि विघ्न नहीं होता ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सप्त, जामयः) यज्ञकर्मणि सङ्गमनशीलाः सप्त (होतारः) यज्ञाङ्गभृताः होत्रादयः (समीचीनासः) ये च यज्ञे दक्षास्ते (एकस्य, पदम्) केवलपरमात्मनः पदं (आसते) श्रयन्ते यदा तदा (पिप्रतः) यथेष्टं पूरयन्ति यज्ञम्॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ना᳓भा ना᳓भिं न आ᳓ ददे
च᳓क्षुश् चित् सू᳓रिये स᳓चा
कवे᳓र् अ᳓पत्यम् आ᳓ दुहे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

dade ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

nā́bhā ← nā́bhi- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

nā́bhim ← nā́bhi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

cákṣuḥ ← cákṣus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

sácā ← sácā (invariable)

sū́rye ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ápatyam ← ápatya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

duhe ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

kavéḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

नाभा॑ । नाभि॑म् । नः॒ । आ । द॒दे॒ । चक्षुः॑ । चि॒त् । सूर्ये॑ । सचा॑ ।
क॒वेः । अप॑त्यम् । आ । दु॒हे॒ ॥

• nābhā ← nābhi
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “navel; hub; kinship; beginning; origin; umbilical cord; nābhi [word]; friendship; center.”

• nābhiṃ ← nābhim ← nābhi
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “navel; hub; kinship; beginning; origin; umbilical cord; nābhi [word]; friendship; center.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• dade ← dā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• cakṣuś ← cakṣuḥ ← cakṣus
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “eye; look; visual perception; cakṣus [word]; sight.”

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• sūrye ← sūrya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• sacā
• [adverb]
• “jointly.”

• kaver ← kaveḥ ← kavi
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• apatyam ← apatya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “child; offspring; patronymic; descendant.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• duhe ← duh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “milk.”

नाभिं यज्ञस्य नाभिभूतं सोमं नः अस्माकं नाभा नाभौ अहम् आ ददे । पिबामीत्यर्थः । पीतसोमानामस्माकं चक्षुश्चित् चक्षुरपि सूर्ये सचा संगतं भवति । किंच कवेः क्रान्तकर्मणः सोमस्य अपत्यम्’ अंशुम् आ दुहे आपूरयामि । ।

English translation:

“I take into my navel the navel of the sacrifice, my becomes associated with the sun, I fill the offspring of the sage.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Cf. RV 9.073.01; The navel of the sacrifice = Soma; offspring of the sage = graha or soma vessel called aṃśu; aṃsu may mean filament, read as aṃśam; my eye becomes associated with the Sun: ‘Since we have drunk the Soma’

He has bound his navel to our navel, as also his eye to the sun.
He has yielded progeny to the poet as milk.

He gives us kinship with the Gods, and with the Sun unites our eye:
The Sage’s ofrspring hath appeared.

An unsere Verwandtschaft hat er seine Verwandtschaft angeknüpft wie das Auge an die Sonne. Die Nachkommenschaft des Sehers wird herausgemolken.

Ich schmieg’ mich Brust an Brust ihm an und lass das Aug’ zur Sonne schaun, Des weisen Zweige melk’ ich aus.

К (своему) родству он присоединил наше родство:
Даже глаз (человека соединяется) с солнцем.
Выдоено потомство поэта.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कवेः)उस सर्वज्ञ क्रान्तकर्मा परमात्मा के (अपत्यम्) ऐश्वर्य को (आ, दुहे) मैं प्राप्त करूँ और (नाभिम्) “नह्यति बध्नाति चराचरं जगदिति नाभिः” जो चराचर जगत् को नियम में रखता है, उसको (नाभा, नः) अपने हृदय में (आददे) ध्यानरूप से स्थित करूँ जो (सूर्ये, चित्) सूर्य में भी (चक्षुः, सचा) चक्षुरूप से सङ्गत है॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - उक्त कामधेनुरूप परमात्मा के ऐश्वर्य को वे लोग ढूढ़ सकते हैं, जो लोग उस परमात्मा को अपने हृदयरूपी कमल में साक्षीरूप से स्थिर समझ कर सत्कर्मी बनते हैं और वह परमात्मा अपनी प्रकाशरूप शक्ति से सूर्य का भी प्रकाशक है। इस मन्त्र में परमात्मा इस भाव का बोधन करते हैं कि जिज्ञासु पुरुषों ! तुम उस प्रकाश से अपने हृदय को प्रकाशित करके संसार के पदार्थों को देखो, जो सर्वप्रकाशक है और जिससे यह भूतवर्ग अपनी उत्पत्ति और स्थिति का लाभ करता है, जैसा कि ‘नाभ्याऽआसीदन्तरिक्षम्’ “चन्द्रमा मनसो जातश्चक्षोः सूर्यो अजायत” यजुः १।१२ इत्यादि मन्त्रों में वर्णन किया है कि उसी के नाभिरूप सामर्थ्य से अन्तरिक्षलोक उत्पन्न हुआ और उसी के चक्षुरूप सामर्थ्य से सूर्य उत्पन्न हुआ। चक्षु के अर्थ यहाँ ‘चष्टे पश्यत्यनेनेति चक्षुः’ अर्थात् अपने सात्त्विक सामर्थ्य से सूर्य को उत्पन्न किया, जैसा कि अन्यत्र भी कहा है कि “सत्वात्संजायते ज्ञानम्”। बहुत क्या, “यतो वा इमानि भूतानि जायन्ते येन जातानि जीवन्ति यत्प्रयन्त्यभि संविशन्तितद्विजिज्ञासस्व तद्ब्रह्म” अर्थात् उसी से यह सब संसारवर्ग आविर्भाव को प्राप्त होता है और उससे लाभ करके स्थिर रहता है और अन्त में परमाणुरूप हो कर उसी में लय हो जाता है। उसी के जानने की इच्छा करनी चाहिये, वही सर्वोपरि ब्रह्म है। “बृंहते वर्धत इतिब्रह्म” जो सदैव वृद्धि को प्राप्त है अर्थात् जिससे कोई बड़ा नहीं, उसका नाम यहाँ ब्रह्म है ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कवेः) तस्य सर्वज्ञस्य परमात्मनः (अपत्यम्) ऐश्वर्यं (आ, दुहे) प्राप्नुयामहम्, तथा च (नाभिम्) तं चराचरजगतो नियन्तारं (नाभा, नः) स्वहृदये (आददे) ध्यानद्वारा वासयानि यः (सूर्ये, चित्) सूर्येऽपि (चक्षुः, सचा) चक्षूरूपेण सङ्गतोऽस्ति॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ प्रिया᳓ दिव᳓स् पद᳓म्
अध्वर्यु᳓भिर् गु᳓हा हित᳓म्
सू᳓रः पश्यति च᳓क्षसा

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

padám ← padá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

priyā́ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

adhvaryúbhiḥ ← adhvaryú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

gúhā ← gúhā (invariable)

hitám ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

cákṣasā ← cákṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

paśyati ← √paś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sū́raḥ ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

अ॒भि । प्रि॒या । दि॒वः । प॒दम् । अ॒ध्व॒र्युऽभिः॑ । गुहा॑ । हि॒तम् ।
सूरः॑ । प॒श्य॒ति॒ । चक्ष॑सा ॥

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• priyā ← priya
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• divas ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• padam ← pada
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

• adhvaryubhir ← adhvaryubhiḥ ← adhvaryu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Adhvaryu; adhvaryu [word]; Yajur-Veda.”

• guhā
• [adverb]
• “secretly.”

• hitam ← dhā
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• sūraḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• paśyati ← paś
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

• cakṣasā ← cakṣas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “eye; look; radiance.”

सूरः सुवीर्य इन्द्रः चक्षसा चक्षुषा दिवः दीप्तस्यात्मनः प्रिया प्रियं पदम् अध्वर्युभिः गुहा गुहायां हृदये हितं निहितं पीतं सोममपि अभि पश्यति ॥ ॥ ३५ ॥

English translation:

“The powerful (Indra) looks with the eye of his own resplendent self on the acceptable plural ce of the Soma, fixed by the priests in the heart.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Indra views the Soma with affection even after it has been drunk by the priests. divaścakṣasa = dīptasyātmanas’ cakṣuṣa;

Guhā = hṛdaye; another translation: ‘The sun looks with his eye towards that beloved quarter of heaven, plural ced by the priests in the sacred cell’; div or dyuloka = droṇakalaśa or large soma trough. Thus, the sun looks towards the plural ce where the Soma lies while it is pressed

Over his own dear (tracks) and the track of heaven, which was placed in hiding by the Adhvaryus,
he looks with the eye of the sun.

Geldner takes priyā́as nom. sg. fem., with gapped “Daughter of the Sun” – but it seems unlikely that a new character would be introduced at this point, and it makes more sense for Soma to be the one doing the looking. Better to interpr. priyā́as a neut. pl. with gapped padā́(ni), as in nearby IX.12.8 abhí priyā́divás padā́. Geldner (n. 9a) also allows the possibility of a neut. pl., but wants to construe it with sg. pádam, which he takes as a “collective singular,” a concept that I think we can do without but that seems to be encouraged by Oldenberg’s remarks. (See comm. ad VI.17.1 for another such ex. proposed by Geldner) I think rather that there are two (sets of) padá- (sim. Renou).

Geldner also suggests that in this instance of INSTR. gúhā hitám, the phrase means “hidden from,” not “hidden by.” Without a better sense of what this vs. is intended to tell us, I prefer not to contravene the usual agentive value of the instr. For my own speculation on the hidden track, see published introduction, which may be supported by IX.102.2, where the hidden track that soma follows seems to be in the filter.

The Sun with his dear eye beholds that quarter of the heavens which priests
Have placed within the sacred cell.

Die liebe Tochter des Himmels sieht die Stätte des Himmels, die vor den Adhvaryu´s verborgen ist, mit dem Auge der Sonne.

Er schauet mit der Sonne Blick vom Himmel auf den lieben Ort, Den Priester ins Versteck gelegt.

Он рассматривает любимые (формы), обитель неба,
Сокрытую (жрецами-) адхварью,
С помощью глаза солнца.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः