००९

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि प्रिया᳓ दिवः᳓ कवि᳓र्
व᳓यांसि नप्ति᳓योर् हितः᳓
स्वानो᳓° याति कवि᳓क्रतुः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

priyā́ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

hitáḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

naptyòḥ ← naptī́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:DU}

váyāṁsi ← váyas- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

kavíkratuḥ ← kavíkratu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

suvānáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

yāti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

परि॑ । प्रि॒या । दि॒वः । क॒विः । वयां॑सि । न॒प्त्योः॑ । हि॒तः ।
सु॒वा॒नः । या॒ति॒ । क॒विऽक्र॑तुः ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• priyā ← priya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• kavir ← kaviḥ ← kavi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• vayāṃsi ← vayas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

• naptyor ← naptyoḥ ← naptī
• [noun], locative, dual, feminine
• “daughter; granddaughter.”

• hitaḥ ← dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• suvāno ← suvānaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• yāti ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• kavikratuḥ ← kavi
• [noun], masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• kavikratuḥ ← kratuḥ ← kratu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

कविः मेधावी कविक्रतुः क्रान्तप्रज्ञः क्रान्तकर्मा वा सोमः नप्त्योः अधिषवणफलकयोः हितः निहितः सुवानः अभिषूयमाणः दिवः द्युलोकस्य परि प्रिया अतिप्रियाणि वयांसि ग्राव्णः । तथा च मन्त्रवर्णः – वयांसि श्येना अतिथयः पर्वतानां ककुभः’ इति । याति गच्छति ॥

English translation:

“The seer (Soma) having wise designs, when plural ced between the two boards and effused, proceeds to the stones which are most dear to heaven.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sāmaveda has svanaiḥ for suvānaḥ; between the two boards: liṭ, between the two grand-daughters, naptyoḥ. Terms of relationship are used in the Veda often to imply material objects; e.g. ‘sisters’ are ‘fingers. Here, the two boards are a reference to the two boards used in pressing the Soma; another interpretation is that they imply two hands; proceeds to the stones: vayāṃsi; alternative rendering: the seer is plural ced between the hands as a most dear banquet to heaven; the knower of the past (or the wise in sacrifice) goes forth effused

The poet of heaven makes the circuit of his own vital powers, when propelled between his two granddaughters
as he is being pressed—he who has a poet’s purpose.

víśvā yád rūpā́pariyā́ti “when he makes the circuit of all his forms …,” as Geldner points out (n. 1b). The journey around the filter must be meant.

The two ‘granddaughters [/nieces]’ (loc. du. naptyòḥ) are, in the ritual context, most likely either the two pressing boards (Sāyaṇa, Geldner) or the two hands of the priest (Renou). Because of the similarity between this vs. and 10.2, I favor the latter because of the gábhastyoḥ ‘in the two hands’ of 10.2b. In a cosmic context, the dual could refer to Heaven and Earth, who are identified as Soma’s two mothers (by most interpr.) in 3. The kinship flip – Soma and his two granddaughters [/nieces] here, Soma and his two mothers in 3 – would not doom this identification, given the RVic poets’ love of paradox, esp. the paradox of generations.

The ppl. hitáḥ with which naptyòḥ is construed is ambiguous, between √hi ‘impel’ and √dhā ‘place’. Though both Geldner and Renou favor the latter, I opt for the former on the basis of hitáḥ in 4a and hinvānā́saḥ in the parallel vs. 10.2a, both clearly belonging to ‘impel’.

Either is possible, however; ‘placed’ would weakly favor the ‘pressing boards’ interpr. of naptyòḥ.

परि॑ प्रि॒या दि॒वः क॒विर्वयां॑सि न॒प्त्यो॑र्हि॒तः ।
सु॒वा॒नो या॑ति क॒विक्र॑तुः ॥

Der Seher des Himmels durchläuft die beliebten Altersstufen, wenn er in die beiden Enkelinnen gesetzt und ausgepreßt wird, er, der Sehergabe besitzt.

Des Himmels weiser Seher wird ans Töchterpaar gefügt und geht Gepresst zu lieben Labungen.

Поэт неба, помещенный между двух внучек,
Выжатый, проходит кругами любимые
Формы жизни, (он) с силой духа поэта.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अबसौम्यस्वभावपरमात्मा के अन्य गुणों का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कविक्रतुः) सर्वज्ञ (सुवानः)सबको उत्पन्न करनेवाला (नप्त्योः, हितः) जीवात्मा और प्रकृति का हित करनेवाला (कविः) मेधावी (वयांसि) व्याप्तिशील (दिवः, प्रिया) द्युलोक का प्रिय (परि, याति) सर्वत्र व्याप्नोति॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - “न पततीति नप्ती” जिसके स्वरूप का नाश न हो, उसका नाम यहाँ नप्ती हुआ। इन दोनों का परमात्मा हित करनेवाला है अर्थात्प्रकृति को ब्रह्माण्ड की रचना में लगा कर हित करता है और जीव को कर्मफलभोग में लगा कर हित करता है। “वियन्ति व्याप्नुवन्ति इतिवयांसि” जो सर्वत्र व्याप्त हो, उसको वयस्कहते हैं और बहुवचन यहाँ ईश्वर के सामर्थ्य के अनन्तत्वबोधन के लिये आया है, तात्पर्य यह निकला कि जो प्रकृति पुरुष का अधिष्ठाताऔर संसार का निर्माता तथा विधाता है, उसको यहाँ कविक्रतु आदि नामों से वर्णन किया है ॥१॥

अथ सौम्यस्वभावस्य परमात्मनोऽन्ये गुणा वर्ण्यन्ते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कविक्रतुः) सर्वज्ञ (सुवानः) सर्वस्योत्पादकः (नप्त्योः हितः) जीवप्रकृत्योर्हितकारकः (कविः) मेधावी (वयांसि) व्याप्तिशीलः (दिवः, प्रिया) द्युलोकप्रियः (परि, याति) सर्वत्र व्याप्नोति॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓-प्र क्ष᳓याय प᳓न्यसे
ज᳓नाय जु᳓ष्टो अद्रु᳓हे
वीती᳓ अर्ष च᳓निष्ठया

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
kṣáyāya ← kṣáya- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pányase ← pányaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

prá-pra ← prá (invariable)

adrúhe ← adrúh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

jánāya ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

júṣṭaḥ ← júṣṭa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

arṣa ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

cániṣṭhayā ← cániṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

vītī́ ← vītí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

प्रऽप्र॑ । क्षया॑य । पन्य॑से । जना॑य । जुष्टः॑ । अ॒द्रुहे॑ ।
वी॒ती । अ॒र्ष॒ । चनि॑ष्ठया ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• kṣayāya ← kṣaya
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “dwelling; house; kṣaya [word]; home; family.”

• panyase ← panyas
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “precious.”

• janāya ← jana
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• juṣṭo ← juṣṭaḥ ← juṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

• adruhe ← adruh
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “friendly; benign.”

• vīty ← vītī ← vīti
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• arṣa ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “run.”

• caniṣṭhayā ← caniṣṭha
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “gracious.”

हे सोम प्रप्र अत्यन्तं क्षयाय तव निवासभूताय अद्रुहे अद्रोग्ध्रे च पन्यसे स्तोत्रे जनाय मनुष्याय वीती वीत्यै भक्षणाय जुष्टः पर्याप्तस्त्वं चनिष्ठया अन्नवत्तमया धारया अर्ष यागं प्रति गच्छ ।

English translation:

“Go forth in a most abundant stream, ample for his sustenance, to the guileless man, your own, who praises you”

You, delightful to the praiseworthy dwelling place, to the race without deceit [=gods]—
rush ever forward in your most pleasing pursuit (of them).

The parallel but oddly assorted dative phrases kṣáyāya pányase “to/for the praiseworthy dwelling place’ and jánāya … adrúhe “to/for the race without deceit” I take as a possible elaboration on the disjunctive pair “men and gods.” Although Renou wants the latter to refer to “l’être-humain,” he himself points out that adrúh- is generally an epithet of the gods (though see adrúhaḥ with ‘rivers’ in 4b). By contrast to “the race without deceit [= gods],” kṣáya- may refer to the ritual ground as the ‘dwelling place’ and by extension to the humans who create and inhabit it.

On, onward to a glorious home; dear to the people void of guile,
With excellent enjoyment, flow.

Immer weiter fließe du, dem löblichen Wohnort, den truglosen Leuten angenehm, mit schönstem Wohlgeschmack!

Auf, ströme zum berühmten Sitz, willkommen dem gerechten Mann Mit sehr beliebter Speisung hin.

Все дальше теки, приятный
Для удивительного жилища, для безобманного народа,
Ради самого привлекательного приглашения!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (पन्यसे)जो पुरुष कर्मयोगी है तथा (अद्रुहे) जो किसी के साथ द्वेष नहीं करता (जनाय) ऐसे मनुष्य के हृदय में आप (प्र प्र, क्षयाय) अत्यन्त विराजमान होते हैं (च) और (वीती) उसकी तृप्ति के लिये (चनिष्ठया, जुष्टः) ऐश्वर्य की धारा से संयुक्त होकर (अर्ष) ऐश्वर्य देवें॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यद्यपि परमात्मा सर्वव्यापक है, तथापि ऐश्वर्य के प्रदाता होकर उन्हीं पुरुषों के हृदय में विराजमान हो रहा है, जो पुरुष कर्मयोगी और रागद्वेष से रहित है, इसलिये पुरुष को चाहिये कि वह राग-द्वेष के भाव से रहित होकर निष्कामभाव से सदैव कर्मयोग में लगा रहे ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (पन्यसे) कर्मयोगिणे (अद्रुहे) सर्वस्य हितं कुर्वते च (जनाय) मनुष्याय हितं कर्तुं तद्हृदये भवान् (प्र प्र, क्षयाय) नितान्तं विराजते (च) तथा (वीती) तत्तृप्तये (चनिष्ठया जुष्टः) ऐश्वर्यधारया संयुतः सन् (अर्ष) प्रयच्छैश्वर्यम्॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स᳓ सूनु᳓र् मात᳓रा शु᳓चिर्
जातो᳓ जाते᳓ अरोचयत्
महा᳓न् मही᳓ ऋतावृ᳓धा

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
mātárā ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śúciḥ ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sūnúḥ ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

arocayat ← √ruc- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

jātáḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

jāté ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU, non-finite:PPP}

mahā́n ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mahī́ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

r̥tāvŕ̥dhā ← r̥tāvŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

सः । सू॒नुः । मा॒तरा॑ । शुचिः॑ । जा॒तः । जा॒ते इति॑ । अ॒रो॒च॒य॒त् ।
म॒हान् । म॒ही इति॑ । ऋ॒त॒ऽवृधा॑ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• sūnur ← sūnuḥ ← sūnu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “son; offspring.”

• mātarā ← mātṛ
• [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• śucir ← śuciḥ ← śuci
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• jāto ← jātaḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• jāte ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• arocayat ← rocay ← √ruc
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “like; approve; like; simulate.”

• mahān ← mahat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• mahī ← mahi
• [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
• “great; firm.”

• ṛtāvṛdhā ← ṛtāvṛdh
• [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
• “sincere.”

जातः उत्पन्नः शुचिः विशुद्धः महान् हविरुत्तमः सः सोमाख्यः सूनुः पुत्रः मही महत्यौ ऋतावृधा यज्ञस्य वर्धयित्र्यौ जाते विश्वस्य जनयित्र्यौ मातरा आत्मनो मातरौ द्यावापृथिव्यौ अरोचयत् रोचयति दीपयति ॥

English translation:

“That mighty and pure son, when born, illumines his mighty parents (heaven and earth), the progenitors (of all things), the augmenters of the sacrifice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Alternative rendering: that pure son (the Soma) illumined his mothers, he the born, them too born, he the great, them the great, the augmenters of sacrifice

He, their blazing son, made his two mothers shine—he just born and they just born,
he the great and they the great, increasing through truth.

The referent of the fem. du. here is generally taken as Heaven and Earth.

He, the bright Son, when born illumed his Parents who had sprung to life,
Great Son great Strengtheners of Law.

Dieser lautere Sohn hat neugeboren die neugeborenen Mütter erleuchtet, der Große die Großen, die das Gesetz fördern.

Die Aeltern hellt der lichte Sohn, geboren die geborenen, Er, gross, die grossen, heiligen.

Этот чистый сын, (едва) родившись,
Осветил двух родившихся матерей,
Великий – великих, выросших благодаря закону.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः)वह कर्मयोगी पुरुष (शुचिः) पवित्र है (महान्) विशालात्मावाला है (ऋता,वृधा) यज्ञ के बढ़ानेवाले (मही) महान् (जाते) विश्व के उत्पन्न करनेवाले (मातरा) जो माता पितारूप द्युलोक और पृथिवीलोक हैं, तिनका (जातः, सूनुः) वह सच्चा पुत्र है (अरोचयत्) और वह कर्मयोग से उनको ऐश्वर्यसम्पन्न करता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - द्युलोक औरपृथिवीलोक के मध्य में कर्मयोगी ही एक ऐसा पुरुष है, जो अपने कर्मों द्वारा संसार को प्रकाशित करता है। इसी अभिप्राय से उसकोद्युलोक औरपृथिवीलोक का सच्चा पुत्र कहा गया है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) कर्मयोगी (शुचिः) पवित्रोऽस्ति (महान्) विशालात्माऽस्ति (ऋता, वृधा) यज्ञस्य वर्धयित्रोः (मही) महतोः (जाते) विश्वस्य जनयित्रोः (मातरा) मातापितृरूपिणोः द्युलोकपृथिवीलोकयोः (जातः, सूनुः) सत्यः पुत्रोऽस्ति (अरोचयत्) स कर्मयोगेण तावैश्वर्यसम्पन्नौ करोति॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स᳓ सप्त᳓ धीति᳓भिर् हितो᳓
नद्यो᳡ अजिन्वद् अद्रु᳓हः
या᳓ ए᳓कम् अ᳓क्षि वावृधुः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dhītíbhiḥ ← dhītí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

hitáḥ ← √hi- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

adrúhaḥ ← adrúh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ajinvat ← √ji- 2 ~ jinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

nadyàḥ ← nadī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ákṣi ← ákṣi ~ akṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

ékam ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

vāvr̥dhúḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

yā́ḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

सः । स॒प्त । धी॒तिऽभिः॑ । हि॒तः । न॒द्यः॑ । अ॒जि॒न्व॒त् । अ॒द्रुहः॑ ।
याः । एक॑म् । अक्षि॑ । व॒वृ॒धुः ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• dhītibhir ← dhītibhiḥ ← dhīti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “thinking; prayer; understanding.”

• hito ← hitaḥ ← hi
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• nadyo ← nadyaḥ ← nadī
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”

• ajinvad ← ajinvat ← jinv
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “enliven; animate.”

• adruhaḥ ← adruh
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “friendly; benign.”

• yā ← yāḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ekam ← eka
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• akṣi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “eye; akṣi [word]; two.”

• vāvṛdhuḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

याः नद्यः यम् एकं मुख्यं सोमम् अक्षि अक्षीणं ववृधुः वर्धयन्ति सः सोमः धीतिभिः अङ्गुलिभिः । ‘ रशना धीतयः’ इत्यङ्गुलिनामसु पाठात् । हितः निहितः सन् अद्रुहः द्रोहवर्जिताः सप्त सप्तसंख्याकाः नद्यः नदीः अजिन्वत् प्रीणयति ॥

English translation:

“Effused by the fingers, (Soma) gladdens the seven guileless rivers, who have magnified him one and undecaying.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Seven guileless rivers: sapta is separated from dhītibhiḥ and connected with nadyaḥ; cf. RV 10.008.04

Propelled by seven insightful thoughts, he quickened the rivers without deceit,
they who strengthened him as the single eye.

On the “seven insightful thoughts” see also 8.4.

The subj. of vāvṛdhúḥ in c must be feminine, on the basis of yā́(ḥ), but the choice between the “insightful thoughts” (dhītí-) of a and the rivers (nadī́-) of b is not clear.

Urged by the seven devotions he hath stirred the guileless rivers which
Have magnified the Single Eye.

Durch sieben fromme Gedanken angespornt, hat er die truglosen Flüsse belebt, die das eine Auge gestärkt haben.

Durch sieben Bräuche eingesetzt, erquickt die holden Ströme er, Durch die das eine Auge wächst.

Поторопленный семью молитвами,
Он оживил безобманные реки,
Которые усилили (свой) единственный глаз.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) वह परमात्मा (सप्त, नद्यः) इडा,पिङ्गलादिसात नाड़ियों को “नदन्तीति नद्यः” (धीतिभिः) ‘धीयते सर्वकर्मसु इति धीतिर्बुद्धिः’ जब बुद्धि की वृत्तियों से (हितः) धारण किया जाता है, तो (अजिन्वत्) योग द्वारा तृप्त करता है (याः, अद्रुहः) जो नाड़ियें स्वकर्तव्य पालन करती हुयी (एकम्, अक्षि) उस एक अविनाशी परमात्मा को (वावृधुः) प्रकाशित करती हैं॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में योगविद्या का वर्णन किया गया है, भाव यह है कि जब पुरुष अपने प्राणायाम द्वारा इडापिङ्गलादिनाडियों को तृप्त कर देता है, तो वह उस अभ्यास से एकाग्रचित्त होकर अविनाशी परमात्मा के भाव को अनुभवकरता है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) स परमात्मा (सप्त, नद्यः) इडापिङ्गलादिसप्तनाडीः, यदा (धीतिभिः) बुद्धिवृत्तिभिः (हितः) गृहीतो भवति तदा (अजिन्वत्) योगेन तर्पयति (याः, अद्रुहः) याः स्वकर्तव्यं पालयन्त्यः (एकम्, अक्षि) केवलं तमव्ययं परमात्मानं (वावृधुः) प्रकटयन्ति॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ता᳓ अभि᳓ स᳓न्तम् अ᳓स्तृतम्
महे᳓ यु᳓वानम् आ᳓ दधुः
इ᳓न्दुम् इन्द्र त᳓व व्रते᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ástr̥tam ← ástr̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sántam ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tā́ḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

dadhuḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

yúvānam ← yúvan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

índum ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

vraté ← vratá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

ताः । अ॒भि । सन्त॑म् । अस्तृ॑तम् । म॒हे । युवा॑नम् । आ । द॒धुः॒ ।
इन्दु॑म् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । तव॑ । व्र॒ते ॥

• tā ← tāḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• santam ← as
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• astṛtam ← astṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “durable; invincible.”

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• yuvānam ← yuvan
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “young person; yuvan [word]; taruṇabandha; yuvan; yuvan; young buck; young.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• dadhuḥ ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• indum ← indu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• vrate ← vrata
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

हे इन्द्र तव त्वदीये व्रते कर्मणि ताः अङ्गुल्यः । पूर्वत्र धीतिभिः इत्यङ्गुलीनामुपात्तत्वात् तच्छब्देन परामर्शः । सन्तं विद्यमानम् अस्तृतम् अहिसितं युवानं नित्यतरुणम् इन्दुं सोमं महे महतेऽभिषवादिलक्षणाय कर्मणे अभि आ दधुः ॥ ॥ ३३ ॥

English translation:

“Indra, at your worship, they (the fingers) have provided the present, indestructible, and ever-youthful Indu, for your solemn service.”

They installed the youth as dominating and indestructible for the great; they installed the drop, Indra, under your commandment.

This vs. presents the same problem as 4c: because of init. tā́ḥ, nom. pl. fem., the subject of ā́dadhuḥ has to be feminine, and there are several pl. feminines in play: the “insightful thoughts” (dhītí-) of 4a and the rivers (nadī́-) of 4b. But which one (or both)? In any case, presumably the subjects of 4c and 5 are the same – though Sāyaṇa opts for “fingers” in this vs. but “rivers” in 4c.

The unspecified dat. (or with Renou loc.) mahé ‘for/in great …” has too many possibilities for its referent, and I have made no effort to choose one.

These helped to might theYouthful One, high over all, invincible,
Even Indu, Indra! in thy law.

Diese haben den überlegenen, nie zu Fall gebrachten Jüngling zu großer Kraft gebracht, den Saft in deinem Dienste Indra.

Den Indu strömten, Indra, sie, den siegenden zu deinem Dienst Den jungen dir dem alten zu.

Превосходящего (всех), необоримого юношу
Они привели к великому (состоянию):
Сок (сомы), о Индра, в твое распоряжение.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमैश्वर्यशालिपरमात्मन् !(तव, व्रते) तुम्हारे व्रत की पूर्ति के लिये (इन्दुम्) जीवात्मा को (युवानम्) जो नित्य नूतन है (सन्तम्) सत्कर्मी (अस्तृतम्) जो अच्छेद्यहै, उसको (ताः) वे (अभि) भली-भाँति योगजबुद्धिवृत्तियें (महे) महत्त्व की प्राप्ति के लिये (आदधुः) धारण करती हैं॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - कर्मयोगी पुरुष अपने निष्काम कर्म द्वारा उस तत्त्व को प्राप्त होता है, जिसको योग में एकतत्त्वाभ्यास लिखा है अर्थात् उस तत्त्व की प्राप्ति के लिये कर्मयोगी होना आवश्यक है ॥५॥३२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमैश्वर्यशालि परमात्मन् ! (तव, व्रते) तव व्रतस्य पूर्तये (इन्दुम्) जीवात्मानं (युवानम्) नित्यं यौवनसम्पन्नं (सन्तम्) सत्कर्माणम् (अस्तृतम्) अच्छेद्यं (ताः) ता योगजबुद्धिवृत्तयः (महे) महत्त्वलाभाय (अभि) सम्यक् (आदधुः) दधति॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ व᳓ह्निर् अ᳓मर्तियः
सप्त᳓ पश्यति वा᳓वहिः
क्रि᳓विर् देवी᳓र् अतर्पयत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ámartyaḥ ← ámartya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

váhniḥ ← váhni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

paśyati ← √paś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vā́vahiḥ ← vā́vahi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

atarpayat ← √tr̥p- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

devī́ḥ ← devī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

kríviḥ ← krívi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒भि । वह्निः॑ । अम॑र्त्यः । स॒प्त । प॒श्य॒ति॒ । वाव॑हिः ।
क्रिविः॑ । दे॒वीः । अ॒त॒र्प॒य॒त् ॥

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• vahnir ← vahniḥ ← vahni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”

• amartyaḥ ← amartya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “immortal.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• paśyati ← paś
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

• vāvahiḥ ← vāvahi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• krivir ← kriviḥ ← krivi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• devīr ← devīḥ ← devī
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “Parvati; queen; goddess; Devi.”

• atarpayat ← tarpay ← √tṛp
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “nourish; offer; nutrify; satisfy; gladden; replenish; fill.”

यः वह्निः यज्ञस्य धुरो वोढा अमर्त्यः मरणरहितः वावहिः देवानां तृप्तेरत्यन्तं वोढा च सोमः सप्त नदीः पश्यति सोऽयं क्रिविः कूपरूपेण पूर्णोऽवस्थितः सन् देवीः नदी: अतर्पयत् तर्पयति ॥

English translation:

“The immortal bearer (of the oblation), the conveyer (of content to the gods), beholds the seven rivers, full as a well, he has satisfied the divine streams.”

The immortal draft-horse looks upon the seven as he draws.
Krivi has satisfied the goddesses.

The problem of the fem. referent continues here. In ab Soma, as the draught-horse (váhniḥ) “sees the seven” (saptá paśyati); we have just had “seven thoughts” (4a), and “seven” is the canonical number of rivers, which we also encountered in vs. 4 – so either referent (or a conflation of both) is possible here. A fem. acc. pl. devī́ḥ ‘goddesses’ is the obj. of the verb ‘satisfied’ (atarpayat) in the next pāda c. Unfortunately this does not clarify the reference: the pl. of devī́- is frequently used of waters and at least once elsewhere (VII.50.4) of rivers, but at least in the singular it is quite commonly used of dhī́- and similar words.

On the hapax vā́vahi- see AiG II.2.292-93.

On the always ghastly krívi- see comm. ad I.30.1 and V.44.4. Esp. in the latter passage I argue that the word often seems to be used of an equine and that it might be a deformation or hyper-Sanskritization of kaví-. Both factors are present here: the first two pādas of this vs. depict Soma as a draught horse drawing (váhniḥ … vā́vahiḥ), but we also had occasion to note ad vs. 1 above that Soma was twice identified as a kaví- there. In the published translation I default to a PN, but I do in fact think that the word has richer semantics, derived from both just mentioned uses, here. I do not see any way to convey that in a single tr. of the word, however.

The immortal Courser, good to draw, looks down upon the Seven: the fount
Hath satisfied the Goddesses

Das unsterbliche Wagenroß überschaut raschfahrend die sieben Ströme der Goldgelbe hat die Göttinnen befriedigt.

Der Gott, der fährt, der stürmend fährt, beschaut die sieben Göttinnen, Der Somaschlauch ergötzte sie.

Бессмертный возница, быстро едущий,
Рассматривает семь (молитв).
Криви насытил богинь.

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जो (अमर्त्यः) मृत्युरहित है (वह्निः) प्रकाशमान है (वावहिः) जो सबका प्रेरक है (सप्त, देवीः) भूम्यादि सात प्रकृतियें (अतर्पयत्) जिसका वर्णन करती हैं, (क्रिविः) जो सद्गुणों से भरा हुआ है, वह (पश्यति) सबको अपनी ज्ञानदृष्टि से देखता है॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो परमात्मा महत्त्वादि सात प्रकार की प्रकृतियों से अलंकृत किया हुआ है और जिसको धारणा ध्यानादि बुद्धि की सात वृत्तियें विषय करती हैं, वह परमात्मा सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण हो रहा है, एकमात्र उसी परमात्मा की उपासना करनी चाहिये ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अमर्त्यः) यो मृत्युरहितः (वह्निः) प्रकाशमानश्च (वावहिः) यश्च सर्वेषां प्रेरकः (सप्त, देवीः) भूम्यादिसप्त देव्यः (अतर्पयत्) यं वर्णयन्ति (क्रिविः) यः सर्वसद्गुणपूर्णः सः (पश्यति) सर्वान् स्वज्ञानदृष्ट्या ईक्षते॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓वा क᳓ल्पेषु नः पुमस्
त᳓मांसि सोम यो᳓धिया
ता᳓नि पुनान जङ्घनः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
áva ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kálpeṣu ← kálpa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pumaḥ ← púmaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

támāṁsi ← támas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

yódhyā ← yódhya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

jaṅghanaḥ ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

punāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

tā́ni ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

अव॑ । कल्पे॑षु । नः॒ । पु॒मः॒ । तमां॑सि । सो॒म॒ । योध्या॑ ।
तानि॑ । पु॒ना॒न॒ । ज॒ङ्घ॒नः॒ ॥

• avā ← av
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• kalpeṣu ← kalpa
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “Kalpa; method; ritual; therapy; formulation; Kalpasūtra; preparation; kalpa [word]; guidance; option.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• pumas ← pumaḥ ← puṃs
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “man; masculine; man; puṃvajra; puruṣa; son; puṃs [word].”

• tamāṃsi ← tamas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• yodhyā ← yudh
• [verb noun], accusative, plural
• “fight; overcome.”

• tāni ← tad
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• punāna ← pū
• [verb noun], vocative, singular
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• jaṅghanaḥ ← jaṅghan ← √han
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “murder; kill.”

हे पुमः पुमन् सोम कल्पेषु कल्पनीयेष्वहःसु नः अस्मान् अव रक्ष । अपि च पुनान हे पवमान सोम त्वं योध्या योधनीयानि तमांसि रक्षांसि यानि तानि जङ्घनः नाशय ॥

English translation:

“Protect us, manly Soma, in the days of sacrifice purifier, destroy those powers of darkness against which we must contend.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

In the days of sacrifice: kalpeṣu = kalpaniyeṣvahahsu, in the days which have to be reckoned; another interpretation: ‘in our rites’

Help us in our ritual arrangements, o male. The shades of darkness must be fought, Soma.
You shall keep smiting them, o you who are being purified.

The voc. pumas ‘o male’ is rather stark. It is in fact the only occurrence of the voc. of this stem in the RV and the only place where the stem is used of Soma. I ascribe its use here to the contrast being drawn with the feminines in vss. 4-6 (as well, perhaps, as the two mothers in 3) and to the martial content of the vs. As I argued already in my dissertation and the -áya-monograph based upon it, I consider the supposed root √kḷp to have been extracted from the -áya-transitive kalpáyati, itself (in my view) a -p-formation to √kṛ with “popular” l. The early rarity of the thematic noun kálpa-, very common later but found in the RV only here and in the privative form akalpá- (I.102.6), supports this view. In the published translation I followed the standard interpr. of kálpa- in this passage as ‘ritual work’ (Geldner “bei den heiligen Bräuchen,” Renou “les rite”), based in part on its later usage. I still think this is a possible reading. However, on the basis of my interpr. of akalpá- in I.102.6 (see comm. ad loc.) and the rest of the vs. here, I wonder now if they are not rather (or in addition) martial arrangements: the address to Soma as ‘male’ (pāda a), the statement that darkness must be fought (yódhyā)(b), and the intensive subjunctive of √han, jaṅghanaḥ (c) all favor a more bellicose interpr.

Aid us in holy rites, O Man: O Pavamana, drive away
Dark shades that must be met in fight.

Steh uns, o Mann, bei den heiligen Bräuchen bei; die Finsternis, die zu bekämpfen ist, o Soma, die vertreibe, wenn du dich läuterst!

Hilf bei den Werken, Soma, uns, o Held, bekämpf’ die Finsterniss, O lichter, schlage sie hinweg.

Помогай нам, о муж, при обрядах!
Силы мрака, которые надо побороть, о сома,
Разбей их, о очищающийся!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् !आप (तमांसि) अज्ञानों को और जो (योध्या) युद्ध करने योग्य है (तानि) उनको (जङ्घनः) हनन करो (पुनान) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! (पुमः) हे पूर्ण पुरुष ! (नः) हमारी (कल्पेषु) सब अवस्थाओं में (अव) रक्षा करें॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्य का परम शत्रु एकमात्र अज्ञान ही है, जो पुरुष अज्ञानरूपी शत्रु को नहीं जीतता, वह शूरवीर व विजयी कदापि नहीं कहला सकता, बहुत क्या, पुरुष में पुरुषत्व यही है कि वह अज्ञानरूपी शत्रु को जीतकर अभ्युदय और निःश्रेयसरूपी फलों को लाभ करे। इस अभिप्राय के लिये उक्त मन्त्र में अज्ञान के जीतने की परमात्मा से प्रार्थना की गई है और अज्ञानरूपी शत्रु की शत्रुता का वर्णन “पाप्मानं प्रजहि ह्येनं ज्ञानविज्ञाननाशनम्।” गीता के इस श्लोक में सुप्रसिद्ध है कि हे जीव तू ज्ञान और विज्ञान के नाश करनेवाले परम शत्रु अज्ञान का सबसे पहले नाश कर ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् ! भवान् (तमांसि) अज्ञानं (योध्या) ये च दुष्टयोद्धारः (तानि) तांश्च (जङ्घनः) हन्तु (पुनान) हे सर्वेषां पावयितः ! (पुमः) हे पूर्णपुरुष ! (नः) अस्मान् (कल्पेषु) सर्वदशासु (अव) रक्षतु॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

नू᳓ न᳓व्यसे न᳓वीयसे
सूक्ता᳓य साधया पथः᳓
प्रत्नव᳓द् रोचया रु᳓चः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
návīyase ← návīyaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

návyase ← návyas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

nú ← nú (invariable)

patháḥ ← pánthā- ~ path- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

sādhaya ← √sādh- ~ sidh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sūktā́ya ← sūktá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

pratnavát ← pratnavát (invariable)

rocaya ← √ruc- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rúcaḥ ← rúc- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

नु । नव्य॑से । नवी॑यसे । सु॒ऽउ॒क्ताय॑ । सा॒ध॒य॒ । प॒थः ।
प्र॒त्न॒ऽवत् । रो॒च॒य॒ । रुचः॑ ॥

• nū ← nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• navyase ← navyas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “new.”

• navīyase ← navīyas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “new; fresh; up-to-the-minute.”

• sūktāya ← sūkta
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “Mantra; hymn.”

• sādhayā ← sādhaya ← sādhay ← √sādh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “prepare; cure; prepare; perform; produce; compound; treat; treat; overpower; achieve; use; cover; prove; prove; process.”

• pathaḥ ← pathin
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”

• pratnavad ← pratna
• [noun]
• “age-old; pratna [word].”

• pratnavad ← vat
• [adverb]
• “equally; like.”

• rocayā ← rocaya ← rocay ← √ruc
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “like; approve; like; simulate.”

• rucaḥ ← ruc
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “beam; radiance; color.”

हे सोम नव्यसे नव्याय नूतनाय नवीयसे स्तुत्यायास्माकं सूक्ताय पथः मार्गान् नु क्षिप्रं साधय अभिगच्छ । अपि च प्रत्नवत् यथापूर्वं रुचः स्वदीप्तीः रोचय प्रकाशय ॥

English translation:

“Quickly speed on the road for our new praiseworthy hymn; as of old, display your radiance.”

Now make the paths for our newer and newer hymn reach their goal. Make the lights light up as of old.

The duplication of comparatives with slightly different shapes, introduced by the particle nū́, produces a nice phonetic figure, nū́návyase návīyase.

Make the paths ready for a hymn newer and newer evermore:
Make the lights shine as erst they shone.

Nun bereite die Wege für jedes neue Gedicht, laß wie früher deine Lichter leuchten!

Dem jüngsten Sang, dem neusten Sang, ihm bahne grade Wege nun, Lass Lichter leuchten wie zuvor.

Так выровняй же пути
Для каждого нового гимна!
Как прежде, воссвети свет (вдохновения)!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (नव्यसे) नूतन जीवन बनाने के लिये (नु) निश्चय करके (नवीयसे, सूक्ताय) नयी वाणियों के लिये (साधया, पथः) हमारे लिये रास्ता खोलो और पहले के समान (रुचः) अपनी दीप्तियें (रोचया) प्रकाशित करो॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष अपने जीवन को नित्य नूतन बनाना चाहे, उसका कर्तव्य है कि वह परमात्मा की ज्योति से देदीप्यमान होकर अपने आपको प्रकाशित करे और नित्य नूतन वेदवाणियों से अपने रास्तों को साफ करे अर्थात् वेदोक्त धर्मों पर स्वयं चले और लोगों को चलाये ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (नव्यसे) नवजीवनं सम्पादयितुं (नु) निश्चयं (नवीयसे, सूक्ताय) नववाणीभ्यः (साधया, पथः) विधिमार्गं विधेहि, पूर्ववच्च (रुचः) स्वदीप्तीः (रोचया) प्रकाशय॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वमान म᳓हि श्र᳓वो
गा᳓म् अ᳓श्वं रासि वीर᳓वत्
स᳓ना मेधां᳓ स᳓ना सु᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
máhi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pávamāna ← √pū- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

áśvam ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gā́m ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rāsi ← √rā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, voice:ACT}

vīrávat ← vīrávant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

medhā́m ← medhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

sána ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sána ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

पव॑मान । महि॑ । श्रवः॑ । गाम् । अश्व॑म् । रा॒सि॒ । वी॒रऽव॑त् ।
सन॑ । मे॒धाम् । सन॑ । स्वः॑ ॥

• pavamāna
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “wind.”

• mahi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “great; firm.”

• śravo ← śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• gām ← go
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• aśvaṃ ← aśvam ← aśva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• rāsi ← rā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “give; impart.”

• vīravat ← vīravant
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• sanā ← sana ← san
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “win; get; gain.”

• medhāṃ ← medhām ← medhā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; medhā [word]; Medhā.”

• sanā ← sana ← san
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “win; get; gain.”

• svaḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

हे पवमान सोम यस्त्वं वीरवत् पुत्रवत् महि महत् श्रवः अन्नं गां च अश्वं च रासि अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छसि स त्वं मेधां सन अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छ । अपि च स्वः यदस्मदभिलषितं तत् सर्वं सन देहि ॥ ॥ ३३ ॥

English translation:

“Purifier (Soma), you grant us abundant food with male off-spring, and cattle and horses; give us understanding, give us all (we desire).”

Self-purifying one, bestow great fame, the cow, and the horse along with heroes.
Win wisdom, win the sun.

As was noted in the published introduction, ‘sun’ (svàḥ) is the last word of the hymn, resonating with the themes of shining and brightness earlier in the hymn (see esp. 3ab and 8c, as well as the darkness to be combatted in 7b).

Give, Pavamana, high renown, give kine and steeds and hero sons:
Win for us wisdom, win the light.

Pavamana, spende großen Ruhm, Rind, Roß, Besitz von Söhnen, bring die Meisterschaft, bring das Himmelslicht ein!

Gib grosses Gut, o rieselnder, gib Rind und Ross und Heldenschar, Und schenke Weisheit, schenke Licht.

О Павамана, дай великую славу,
Корову, коня, обладание сыновьями!
Добудь мудрость! Добудь солнце!

• पवमानः सोमः
• असितः काश्यपो देवलो वा
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमान) हे सबको पवित्र करनेवाले परमात्मन् ! (महि, श्रवः) हमको सर्वोपरि आनन्द प्रदान करो और (गाम् अश्वम्) गौ अश्वादि नाना प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य के साधन (रासि) आप हमको दें और (वीरवत्) वीरता धर्मवाले मनुष्य (सना) देवें (मेधाम्) बुद्धि और (स्वः) स्वर्ग (सना) देवें॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस जाति वा धर्म पर परमात्मा की अत्यन्त कृपा होती है, उसको परमात्मा नाना प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य के साधन प्रदान करता है और शुद्ध बुद्धि तथा सर्वोपरि आनन्द का प्रदान करता है ॥९॥३३॥ यह नवमाँ सूक्त और तेतीसवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पवमान) हे सर्वपावक परमात्मन् ! (महि, श्रवः) मह्यं सर्वातिरिक्तमानन्दं प्रयच्छ तथा (गाम्,अश्वम्) गवाश्वादिविविधैश्वर्यसाधनानि (रासि) मह्यं देहि, तथा (वीरवत्) वीर्यवतो जनान् (सना) प्रयच्छ (मेधाम्) बुद्धिं च (स्वः) स्वर्गं च (सना) देहि॥९॥ इति नवमं सूक्तं त्रयस्त्रिंशत्तमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः॥