००२

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓वस्व देववी᳓र् अ᳓ति
पवि᳓त्रं सोम रं᳓हिया
इ᳓न्द्रम् इन्दो वृ᳓षा᳓ विश

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
áti ← áti (invariable)

devavī́ḥ ← devavī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

pavítram ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ráṁhyā ← ráṁhi- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśa ← √viś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

पव॑स्व । दे॒व॒ऽवीः । अति॑ । प॒वित्र॑म् । सो॒म॒ । रंह्या॑ ।
इन्द्र॑म् । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । वृषा॑ । आ । वि॒श॒ ॥

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• devavīr ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devavīr ← vīḥ ← vī
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• pavitraṃ ← pavitram ← pavitra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• raṃhyā ← raṃhi
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “speed.”

• indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• viśa ← viś
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”

हे सोम देववीः देवकामस्त्वं रंह्या वेगेन पवित्रं यथा भवति तथा अति पवस्व अतिक्षर । किंच हे इन्दो वृषा सेचकस्त्वम् इन्द्रम् आ विश प्रविश ॥

English translation:

“Flow on, Soma, seeking the gods, hastening on in your purifying course; enter Indra, O Indu, the showerer.”

Purify yourself across the filter at speed, Soma, pursuing the gods. As a bull, enter Indra, o drop.

As noted in the published introduction, this hymn begins with the quintessential command of the Soma maṇḍala: pávasva ‘purify yourself’, found in the previous hymn at the beginning of the 2nd pāda (IX.1.1b).

The 2nd word devavī́ḥ ‘pursuing the gods’ also matches up with the previous hymn:

1.4 devā́nāṃ vītím.

The expression “across the filter” is iconically split across the pāda break: áti, pavítram.

The last pāda consists of a neat double figure índram indo vṛ́śā́viśa. The play between índra- and índu- ‘drop’ is ubiquitous in the IXth Maṇḍala and is in fact reprised in 9a indav indrayúḥ.

Soma, flow on, inviting Gods, speed to the purifying cloth:
Pass into Indra, as a Bull.

Läutere dich, die Götter einladend, in schnellem Laufe durch die Seihe, Soma! Geh du, der Bulle, in Indra ein, o Saft!

In Eile riesle durch das Sieb den Gott erlabend, Soma, hin, In Indra, Indu, dring’ als Hengst.

Очищайся, о сома, приглашающий богов,
В быстром беге через цедилку!
Как бык войди в Индру, о капля!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हेसौम्यस्वभाव! और (देववीः) दिव्य गुणयुक्त परमात्मन् ! आप (पवस्व) हमें पवित्र करें और (इन्दो) हे ऐश्वर्य्ययुक्त ! आप (रंह्या) शीघ्र ही (विश) हमारे हृदय में प्रवेश करें और (पवित्रं) पवित्र तथा (अति) अवश्य रक्षा करें॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की कृपा से ही पवित्रता प्राप्त होती है और परमात्मा की कृपा से ही पुरुष सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य्य से सम्पन होता है। जिस पुरुष के मन में परमात्मदेव का आविर्भाव होता है, वह सौम्य स्वभावयुक्त होकर कल्याण को प्राप्त होता है ॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सौम्यस्वभावयुक्त ! (देववीः) दिव्यगुणयुक्त परमात्मन् ! त्वम् (पवस्व) अस्मान् पवित्रान् कुरु किञ्च (इन्दो) हे ऐश्वर्य्ययुक्तपरमात्मन् ! भवान् (इन्द्रम्) ऐश्वर्य्यं प्रापयतु तथा (वृषा) हे आनन्दवर्षुक ! त्वम् (रंह्या) वेगेन (विश) अस्मद्धृदयं विश (पवित्रम्) पवित्रान् कुरु तथा (अति) अवश्यं रक्ष ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ वच्यस्व म᳓हि प्स᳓रो
वृ᳓षेन्दो द्युम्न᳓वत्तमः
आ᳓ यो᳓निं धर्णसिः᳓ सदः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

máhi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

psáraḥ ← psáras- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vacyasva ← √vañc- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dyumnávattamaḥ ← dyumnávattama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

dharṇasíḥ ← dharṇasí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sadaḥ ← √sad- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । व॒च्य॒स्व॒ । महि॑ । प्सरः॑ । वृषा॑ । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । द्यु॒म्नव॑त्ऽतमः ।
आ । योनि॑म् । ध॒र्ण॒सिः । स॒दः॒ ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• vacyasva ← vañc
• [verb], singular, Imperativ Pr￤s. Passiv

• mahi
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “great; firm.”

• psaro ← psaraḥ ← psaras
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• vṛṣendo ← vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vṛṣendo ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• dyumnavattamaḥ ← dyumnavattama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yoniṃ ← yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• dharṇasiḥ ← dharṇasi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “permanent; firm.”

• sadaḥ ← sad
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

हे इन्दो सोम महि महान् वृषा कामानां वर्षक: द्युम्नवत्तमः यशस्वितमः धर्णसिः धर्ता त्वं प्सरः पानीयमन्धः आ वच्यस्व अस्मान् प्रत्यागमय । योनिं स्वकीयं स्थानम् आ सदः आसीद च ॥

English translation:

“O Indu, do you, the mighty showerer (of blessings) most glorious upholder, send us food, and sit down in yours own plural ce.”

Coil yourself toward great enjoyment, o drop, as the most
heaven-bright bull. Sit steadfast on your womb.

The standard tr. of (ā́) vacyasva (√vañc) here is ‘gallop’ (Geldner, Renou), but the root itself means something like ‘move crookedly’ (see comm. ad III.39.1 inter alia). Kulikov (Vedic - ya-presents) devotes considerable space to this -yá-pres. (218-24), rather desperately attempting to account for its apparent passive accentuation (vacyáte). He concludes that the subject of this pres. “always refers to beings set in motion and directed by someone else, not moving on its [sic] own,” and was originally the passive counterpart of a posited transitive redupl. pres. **vívaṅkti [double star is Kulikov’s]. I find this over-elaborate – and since the subjects are generally horses, or entities configured as horses, and since RVic horses have considerable agency of their own with regard to movement – not terribly convincing. In this particular case, the verb is in the imperative, and it is difficult to see how something incapable of moving on its own could be commanded to do so. Four of the ten occurrences of this pres. stem are imperatival, three of them 2nd sg. as here. (the fourth is 3rd pl.). As discussed ad III.39.1, etc., I consider one of the nuances of this verb to be ‘coil, twist’, and here I see the soma circling and twisting its way into the cup; the preverb pári ‘around’ is a regular part of the description of soma’s movements around the filter and into the vessels.

I take the injunc. sadaḥ in the sense of an impv.; see Hoffmann (Injunk. 263) for this usage of this particular form.

On the sa-aor. ádhukṣa-, here in 3rd sg. mid. adhukṣata, see Narten (Sig.Aor. 143- 44).

As mighty food speed hitherward, Indu, as a most splendid Steer:
Sit in thy place as one with strength.

Galoppiere her, o Saft, ein großer Genuß, der glanzvollste Bulle; setze dich dauernd in deine Wiege!

Zum grossen Mahle quillt hervor, o Indu, als der schönste Hengst Und setz dich kräftig in den Schooss.

Мчись (к нам) галопом, (ты) великий праздник,
Бык, самый блистательный, о капля!
Прочно усаживайся на (свое) лоно!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृषा इन्दो) हे सब कामनाओं के पूर्ण करनेवाले (द्युम्नवत्तमः) यशस्वी (महि) महान् परमात्मन् ! आप हमें (आ) सर्वव्यापी (प्सरः) ज्ञान का(वच्यस्व) उपदेश करें, क्योकि आप(सदः) सद्विज्ञान को (योनि) संसार के कारणभूत प्रकृति को(आ) सब ओर से(धर्णसिः) धारण किये हुए हैं॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा कोटानुकोटि ब्रह्माण्डों का आधार है, उसी के शासन में द्युलोक भूलोक स्वर्गलोक इत्यादि लोक-लोकान्तर परिभ्रमण करते हैं, वही इस चराचर ब्रह्माण्ड का आधार है। मनुष्य को उसी परमात्मा की उपासना करनी चाहिये ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वृषा, इन्दो) हे सर्वमनोरथपूरक ! (द्युम्नवत्तमः) यशस्विन् (महि) महन् परमात्मन् ! त्वं मह्यम् (आ) व्यापकम् (प्सरः) ज्ञानम् (वच्यस्व) उपदिश यतो भवान् (सदः) सद्विज्ञानं (योनिम्) संसारस्य कारणभूतां प्रकृतिं च (आ) सर्वत्र (धर्णसिः) धृतवानस्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓धुक्षत प्रिय᳓म् म᳓धु
धा᳓रा सुत᳓स्य वेध᳓सः
अपो᳓ वसिष्ट सुक्र᳓तुः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ádhukṣata ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

mádhu ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

priyám ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dhā́rā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sutásya ← √su- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

vedhásaḥ ← vedhás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

sukrátuḥ ← sukrátu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vasiṣṭa ← √vas- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

अधु॑क्षत । प्रि॒यम् । मधु॑ । धारा॑ । सु॒तस्य॑ । वे॒धसः॑ ।
अ॒पः । व॒सि॒ष्ट॒ । सु॒ऽक्रतुः॑ ॥

• adhukṣata ← duh
• [verb], singular, sa aorist (Ind.)
• “milk.”

• priyam ← priya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• madhu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• dhārā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• sutasya ← su
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “press out; su.”

• vedhasaḥ ← vedhas
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Brahma; creator; believer [worshipper]; Vishnu.”

• apo ← apaḥ ← ap
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• vasiṣṭa ← vas
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “wear.”

• sukratuḥ ← sukratu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “wise.”

सुतस्य अभिषुतस्य वेधसः अभिलषितस्य विधातुर्यस्य सोमस्य धारा प्रियं प्रीतिकरं मधु अमृतम् अधुक्षत दुग्धे सः सुक्रतुः सुकर्मा सोमः अपः वसतीवरीः वसिष्ट आच्छादयति ॥

English translation:

“The stream of effused creative Soma milks out the joy-giving ambrosia; the accomplisher of holy rites veils itself in the waters.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Apo vasiṣṭa sukratuḥ: a reference to the vasatīvarī water with which the soma is sprinkled

The stream of the pressed one, of the ritual adept, has milked out its own dear honey.
Very resolute, he has clothed himself in the waters.

etám tyám … marmṛjyánte apasyúvaḥ “This very one [=soma] do the industrious (fingers) groom,” with the same adj. qualifying the subject as here. Though the transitivity of the verb in 38.3 is quite clear, our passage is more ambiguous – and has been discussed at some length by Geldner (n. 7), Bloomfield (RReps ad loc.), and Renou If we wish the verb to be tr., we can supply ‘you’, as Bloomfield suggests (also Renou as an alternative). Or we can take gíraḥ as acc., rather than nom., and tr. “the industrious ones constantly groom the songs …” However, I prefer to take the verb as passive (as two of the three forms of the pres. part. marmṛjyámāna- are) and see the vs. as an expression of ritual reciprocity: the songs are groomed by the power of Soma – that is, the hymns recited at the Soma Sacrifice are refined and perfected by the inspiration given to the poets by Soma – while those perfected hymns in turn adorn and beautify the soma offering.

The well-loved meath was made to flow, the stream of the creative juice
ne Sage drew waters to himself.

Der Strom des ausgepreßten Meisters hat die liebe Süßigkeit ergossen. Der Kluge hat sich in Wasser gehüllt.

Es melkte liebe Süssigkeit der Strom des holden Saftes sich, Der weise hüllte sich in Flut.

Его надоили – приятного меду,
Поток выжатого (сока) у этого устроителя обряда.
Прекрасный силой духа нарядился в воды.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - वह परमात्मा (अपः) अपने गुण-कर्म्म-स्वभाव से (वसिष्ट) सबको अपने वशीभूत कर रहा है, वह (सुक्रतुः) सत्कर्मोंवाला है(सुतस्य वेधसः) अभिलषित पदार्थों का देनेवाला है और (मधु, धारा) अमृत की वृष्टियों से और (प्रियम्) प्रिय वस्तुओं से (अधुक्षत) परिपूर्ण करनेवाला है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा के गुण-कर्म्म-स्वभाव ऐसे हैं कि जिससे एकमात्र परमात्मा ही सुकर्म्मा कहा जा सकता है अर्थात् परमात्मा के ज्ञानादि सदा एकरस हैं, इसी अभिप्राय से उपनिषदों में यह कथन है कि “न तस्यकार्य्यंकरणञ्चविद्यते न तत्समश्चाभ्यधिकश्च दृश्यते।परास्य शक्तिर्विविधैव श्रूयते स्वाभाविकी ज्ञानबलक्रिया च ॥“ श्वे० ६।८॥ न उस से मट्टी के घट के समान कोई कार्य्य उत्पन्न होता है और न वह मट्टी के समान अन्य किसी पदार्थ का कारण है, किन्तु वह अपनी स्वाभाविक शक्तियों से इस संसार की रचना करता हुआ सर्वकर्ता और सर्वनियन्ता कहलाता है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - स परमात्मा (अपः) स्वकीयगुणकर्म्मस्वभावैः (वसिष्ट) सर्वान् वशे करोति सः (सुक्रतुः) सत्कर्म्मास्ति (सुतस्य, वेधसः) इष्टस्य पदार्थस्य दाता च (मधु, धारा) अमृतवर्षैः (प्रियम्) प्रियवस्तुभिश्च (अधुक्षत) परिपूर्णं करोति ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

महा᳓न्तं त्वा मही᳓र् अ᳓नु
आ᳓पो अर्षन्ति सि᳓न्धवः
य᳓द् गो᳓भिर् वासयिष्य᳓से

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ánu ← ánu (invariable)

mahā́ntam ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahī́ḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

arṣanti ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

góbhiḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

vāsayiṣyáse ← √vas- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:FUT, voice:MED}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

म॒हान्त॑म् । त्वा॒ । म॒हीः । अनु॑ । आपः॑ । अ॒र्ष॒न्ति॒ । सिन्ध॑वः ।
यत् । गोभिः॑ । वा॒स॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ ॥

• mahāntaṃ ← mahāntam ← mahat
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• mahīr ← mahīḥ ← mahi
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “great; firm.”

• anv ← anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• āpo ← āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• arṣanti ← ṛṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “run.”

• sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• gobhir ← gobhiḥ ← go
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• vāsayiṣyase ← vāsay ← √vas
• [verb], singular, Future
• “dress.”

हे सोम त्वं यत् यदा यज्ञे गोभिः गोविकारैः पयोभिः वासयिष्यसे आच्छादयिष्यते तदा महान्तं त्वाम् अनु प्रति सिन्धवः स्यन्दमानाः महीः महत्यः आपः अर्षन्ति गच्छन्ति ॥

English translation:

“(Som), when you will veil yourself in the milk, the mighty streaming waters flow to you, the mighty one.”

The great waters, the rivers, rush after you, the great one,
when you will clothe yourself with the cows.

What I don’t quite understand is why we have the rather exotic form, a causative future reflexive middle in 4c, vāsayiṣyáse (lit. ‘you will cause yourself to be clothed’), in contrast to the straightforward -iṣ-aor. middle vasiṣṭa (‘he has clothed himself’) that corresponds to it in 3c. The need or desire to use the future must have triggered the creation of this baroque form. In this connection it is worth noting that √vas ‘clothe’ lacks a standard future in Vedic and, acdg. to Wh Roots, has only one occurrence in ClSk. of a future vatsyati – so perhaps the causative allowed a transparent future to be built more easily. This form (repeated in the identical pāda in IX.66.13) is also the only medial form of the caus. to √vas ‘clothe’ in the RV. The question then arises - why is the future so desirable in this context that such morphological shenanigans had to be performed? The clue to the usage may lie in part in the sequencing of the verbs: both b and c are repeated in IX.66.13 (likewise as bc), and so the two clauses form a larger unit and must be evaluated together.

The b pāda contains a pres. indic., ā́po arṣanti síndhavaḥ “The waters, the rivers rush,” while c contains the causative future under discussion. On the one hand, the future may be signaling that the second action (clothing in milk) will follow the first (clothing in waters); this is of course the normal ritual order. But we should also remember that the future, esp.

the finite future, is relatively rare in the RV, and, curiously, it tends to have a more volitional nuance than the subjunctive, with which it competes. A good ex. of this is found in the famous and well-trodden Agni hymn I.1, where in vs. 6 yád … dāśúṣe … bhadraṃ kariṣyási should be rendered “what good thing you will do for the pious man,” indicating Agni’s deliberate choice to favor that man. Here I would suggest that Soma is bound and determined to clothe himself with milk at this point in the ritual proceedings; it is not just the next event on the menu.

The mighty waters, yea, the floods accompany thee Mighty One,
When thou wilt clothe thee with the milk.

Dir, dem Großen, fließen die großen Wasserströme zu, wenn du dich in die Milch hüllen willst.

Es strömen Wasserfluten dir, dem grossen grosse Ströme nach, Wenn du in Milch dich kleiden willst.

Текут вслед за тобой, великим,
Великие воды, реки,
Когда ты хочешь рядиться в коровье молоко.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हेपरमात्मन् ! (महान्तम्) सबसे बड़े (त्वा) तुमको (महीः) पृथिवी और (आपः) जल तथा (सिन्धवः) स्यन्दनशील सब पदार्थ (अर्षन्ति) आश्रय किये हुए हैं (यत्) क्योंकि तुम (गोभिः) अपनी शक्तियों से सबका (वासयिष्यसे) नियमन करते हो॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की शक्ति में पृथिवी, जल, वायु इत्यादि सम्पूर्ण तत्त्व तथा लोक-लोकान्तर परिभ्रमण करते हैं। उसी महतोभूत के आश्रित होकर यह सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्ड ठहरा हुआ है। इसका वर्णन “एतस्य महतो भूतस्य निःश्वसितमेतद् यदृग्वेदो यजुर्वेदः सामवेदः” “एतस्य वाक्षरस्य प्रशासने गार्गि सूर्य्याचन्द्रमसौ विधृतौ तिष्ठतः” “भयादस्याग्निस्तपति भयात्तपति सूर्य्यः भयादिन्द्रश्च वायुश्च मृत्युर्धावति पञ्चमः” इत्यादि द्वारा जिसका ब्रहमाण्ड और उपनिषदों में वर्णन किया गया है, उसी पूर्ण पुरुष का वर्णन इस मन्त्र में है। मालूम होता है कि पूर्वोक्त प्रमाण, जो परमात्मा को सर्वाधार वर्णन करते हैं, वे इसी मन्त्र के आधार पर हैं ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (महान्तम्) सर्वतो महान्तम् (त्वा) भवन्तम् (महीः) पृथिवी (आपः) जलं तथा (सिन्धवः) स्यन्दनशीलाः पदार्थाः (अर्षन्ति) आश्रयन्ति (यत्) यतस्त्वम् (गोभिः) स्वशक्तिभिः सर्वम् (वासयिष्यसे) नियमयसि ॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

समुद्रो᳓ अप्सु᳓ मामृजे
विष्टम्भो᳓ धरु᳓णो दिवः᳓
सो᳓मः पवि᳓त्रे अस्मयुः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
apsú ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

māmr̥je ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

samudráḥ ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dharúṇaḥ ← dharúṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

viṣṭambháḥ ← viṣṭambhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asmayúḥ ← asmayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pavítre ← pavítra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

स॒मु॒द्रः । अ॒प्ऽसु । म॒मृ॒जे॒ । वि॒ष्ट॒म्भः । ध॒रुणः॑ । दि॒वः ।
सोमः॑ । प॒वित्रे॑ । अ॒स्म॒ऽयुः ॥

• samudro ← samudraḥ ← samudra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• apsu ← ap
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• māmṛje ← mṛj
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

• viṣṭambho ← viṣṭambhaḥ ← viṣṭambha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “constipation.”

• dharuṇo ← dharuṇaḥ ← dharuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “holding; supportive.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pavitre ← pavitra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “strainer.”

• asmayuḥ ← asmayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

समुद्रः । समुद्द्रवन्त्यस्माद्रसा इति समुद्रः । विष्टम्भः दिवः स्वर्गस्य धरुणः धारकश्च अस्मयुः अस्मत्कामः सोमः अप्सु उदकेषु ममृजे मृज्यते पवित्रे अभिषिच्यत इत्यर्थः ॥ ॥१८॥

English translation:

“The juice-distilling Soma, the sustainer, the supporter of heaven, is purified in the water– favouring us, (it is poured) into the straining cloth.”

The sea has been groomed in the waters—the prop and buttress of heaven, the soma in the filter, seeking us.

This vs. contains several striking paradoxes, once they have been “unpacked.” First, “the sea has been groomed in the waters,” which seems to reverse volume relations: we would expect “the sea” (samudrá-) to be more larger and more extensive than the waters, but evidently the former can be contained and “groomed” (māmṛje) in the latter. The “sea” is of course soma, which is presumably so called on the basis of the usual aggrandizement of Soma’s cosmic associations.

Then, without transition, soma goes from being “the sea” to “the prop and buttress of heaven” – that is, from something fluid, unstable, and in constant motion to its exact opposite: solid, fixed, steady enough to support heaven itself. Another paradox and another indication that Soma’s cosmic ambitions cannot be contained.

It is tempting to supply “earth” in b, on the basis of IX.87.2 = 89.6 viṣtambhó divó dharúṇaḥ pṛthivyā́ḥ: “the prop of heaven and buttress of the earth,” but perhaps it is better to stick with the text as we have it.

After the two cosmic identifications in a and b, in c we return to the focused reality of the ritual: the soma in the filter – the usual toggling between the universal and the hyperparticular.

The lake is brightened in the floods. Soma, our Friend, heaven’s prop and stay,
Falls on the purifying cloth.

Das Meer des Soma ward im Wasser gereinigt, der die tragende Stütze des Himmels ist, der Soma, der in der Seihe uns gewogen ist.

Uns freundlich klärt sich wie ein Meer in Wassern Soma, in dem Sieb, Er, der den Himmel stützt und hält.

Море (сомы) очистилось в водах,
Опора, столб неба,
Сома в цедилке, стремящийся к нам.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप (समुद्रः) समुद्ररूप हैं “सम्यग् द्रवन्ति आपो यस्मात् ससमुद्रः “जिसकी शक्ति से जलादि सब पदार्थ सूक्ष्म भाव को प्राप्त हो जाते हैं, उसका नाम समुद्र है। इस प्रकार परमात्मा का नाम समुद्र है और (अप्सु) सूक्ष्म पदार्थों में (ममृजे) जो अपनी शुद्ध सत्ता से विराजमान है तथा जो सबका (विष्टम्भः) थामनेवाला (दिवः) द्युलोक का(धरुणः) धारण करनेवाला(सोमः) सौम्यस्वभाव और (अस्मयुः) सर्वप्रिय है, वही परमात्मा(पवित्रे) सम्पूर्ण शुभ काम में पूजनीय है॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सबको प्यार करता है, वह सर्वाधिकरण सर्वाश्रय तथा सर्वनियन्ता है ॥५॥१८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! त्वम् (समुद्रः) समुद्ररूपोऽसि “सम्यग् द्रवन्त्यापो यस्मात्स समुद्रः=यस्य शक्त्या जलादिपदार्थजातानि सूक्ष्मतां यान्ति तस्य नाम समुद्रः” एवं परमात्मा समुद्रः किञ्च यः (अप्सु) सूक्ष्मभावेषु (ममृजे) शुद्धसत्तया विराजते तथा यः(विष्टम्भः) सर्वस्तम्भनः (दिवः) द्युलोकस्य (धरुणः) धर्ता (सोमः) सौम्यः (अस्मयुः) सर्वप्रियोऽस्ति सः (पवित्रे) सर्वशुभकार्य्येषु पूज्यः ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓चिक्रदद् वृ᳓षा ह᳓रिर्
महा᳓न् मित्रो᳓ न᳓ दर्शतः᳓
सं᳓ सू᳓रियेण रोचते

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ácikradat ← √krand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

háriḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

darśatáḥ ← darśatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mahā́n ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mitráḥ ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

rocate ← √ruc- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sám ← sám (invariable)

sū́ryeṇa ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

अचि॑क्रदत् । वृषा॑ । हरिः॑ । म॒हान् । मि॒त्रः । न । द॒र्श॒तः ।
सम् । सूर्ये॑ण । रो॒च॒ते॒ ॥

• acikradad ← acikradat ← krand
• [verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “roar; neigh; cry; howl; shout.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• harir ← hariḥ ← hari
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “reddish brown; yellow; pale; yellow; aureate.”

• mahān ← mahat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• mitro ← mitraḥ ← mitra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• darśataḥ ← darśata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beautiful; visible; beautiful.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• sūryeṇa ← sūrya
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• rocate ← ruc
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “please; shine.”

वृषा कामानां वर्षकः हरिः हरितवर्णः महान् सर्वोत्तमः मित्रो न यथा सखा तद्वत् दर्शतः दर्शनीयो योऽयं सोमः अचिक्रदत् शब्दं करोति सोऽयं सोमः सूर्येण सह रोचते दिवि प्रकाशते ॥

English translation:

“The mighty golden-hued showerer of blessings utters a sound as it drops, beautiful as a friend; it shines (in the heavens) with the sun.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Rocate is read as, didyute in Sāmaveda; beautiful as a friend: mitro na = yathā sakhā

The tawny bull has bellowed; the great one, lovely to see like an ally, shines along with the sun.

Another cosmic association: Soma shines along with the sun, implying that Soma is just as bright – though this may also be a reference to the timing of the morning pressing, at sunrise.

The tawny Bull hath bellowed, fair as mighty Mitra to behold:
He shines together with the Sun.

Der Bulle hat gebrüllt, der Falbe, der Große, wie eine Freund gern gesehen; er glänzt mit der Sonne um die Wette.

Schon wieherte der goldne Hengst, der gross und schön wie Mitra ist, Und leuchtet mit der Sonne gleich.

Он взревел, (этот) золотистый бык,
Великий, приятный на вид, как Митра;
Блеском он состязается с солнцем.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरिः)दुष्टों का दलन करनेवाला और सबका(मित्रः) मित्र के (न) समान (दर्शतः) सन्मार्ग दिखलानेवाला और(सम्) भली प्रकार(सूर्य्येण) अपने विज्ञान से(रोचते) प्रकाशमान हो रहा है,(वृषा) सर्वकामप्रद वह परमात्मा (अचिक्रदत्) सबको अपनी और बुला रहा है॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वह परमात्मा जो आध्यात्मिक, आधिभौतिक, आधिदैविक तापरूपी शत्रुओं का नाश करनेवाला मित्र की तरह सब प्राणियों का सन्मार्गप्रदर्शक तथा आत्मज्ञान द्वारा सबके हृदय में प्रकाशित है, उसी के आह्वानरूप वेदवाणीयें हैं और वही परमात्मा सब कामनाओं का पूर्ण करनेवाला है, इसलिये उसी एकमात्र परमात्मा की शरण में सबको जाना उचित है ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (हरिः) दुष्टदमनः, सर्वेषाम् (मित्रः, न) मित्रसदृशः, (दर्शतः) सन्मार्गप्रदर्शकः (सम्) सम्यक्प्रकारेण (सूर्य्येण) स्वविज्ञानेन (रोचते) प्रकाशमानो भवति (वृषा) सर्वकामप्रदः स परमात्मा (अचिक्रदत्) सर्वान् स्वाभिमुखमाह्वयति ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

गि᳓रस् त इन्द ओ᳓जसा
मर्मृज्य᳓न्ते अपस्यु᳓वः
या᳓भिर् म᳓दाय शु᳓म्भसे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
gíraḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ójasā ← ójas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

apasyúvaḥ ← apasyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

marmr̥jyánte ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

mádāya ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

śúmbhase ← √śubh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yā́bhiḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

गिरः॑ । ते॒ । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । ओज॑सा । म॒र्मृ॒ज्यन्ते॑ । अ॒प॒स्युवः॑ ।
याभिः॑ । मदा॑य । शुम्भ॑से ॥

• giras ← giraḥ ← gir
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• ta ← te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• inda ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• ojasā ← ojas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

• marmṛjyante ← marmṛj ← √mṛj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “groom; wash; rub.”

• apasyuvaḥ ← apasyu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “active.”

• yābhir ← yābhiḥ ← yad
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• madāya ← mada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• śumbhase ← śubh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “look; shine; beautify.”

हे इन्दो ते तव ओजसा बलेन अपस्युवः कर्मेच्छासंबन्धिन्यः ताः गिरः स्तुतयः मर्मृज्यन्ते शोध्यन्ते याभिः गीर्भिस्त्वं मदाय क्षरन् शुम्भसे अलंक्रियसे ॥

English translation:

“O Indu, by the power the busy voices are hallowed which adorn you as you drop for our exhilaratioṇ”

O drop, the industrious songs are constantly groomed by your power, the songs by which you are (in turn) beautified for exhilaration.

Finite forms of the intens. -yá-pres. marmṛjyá- are ordinarily transitive, as in

Songs, Indu, active in their might are beautified for thee, wherewith
Thou deckest thee for our delight.

Durch deine Kraft putzen sie die emsigen Loblieder heraus, o Saft, mit denen du dich zum Rausche schön machst.

Werkthät’ge Lieder werden dir, o Indu, kräftig ausgeschmückt, Mit denen du zum Rausche strahlst.

Силой твоей, о капля, они мощно
Начищают прилежные песни,
Которыми ты украшаешься для опьянения.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो)हे परमैश्वर्य्यप्रद परमात्मन् ! (ते) आपके (ओजसा) प्रताप से (अपस्युवः) कर्म्मबोधक (गिरः) वाणीयें (मर्मृज्यन्ते) लोगों को शुद्ध करती हैं, (याभिः) जिनके द्वारा आप(मदाय) आनन्द प्रदान के लिये (शुम्भसे) विराजमान हैं॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा अपने कर्म्मबोधक वेदवाक्यों से सदैव पुरुषों को सत्कर्म्मों में उद्बोधन करता है, जिससे वे ब्रह्मानन्दोपभोग के भागी बनें, जैसा कि अन्यत्र भी वेदवाक्यों में वर्णन किया है, “क्रतो स्मर क्लिबे स्मर कृतस्मर यजु० ४०।१५।” “कुर्वन्नेवेह कर्म्माणि जिजीविषेच्छतसमाःयजु० ४०।२।” इत्यादि वाक्यों में कर्म्मयोग का वर्णन भली-भाँति पाया जाता है, उसी कर्म्मयोग का वर्णन इस मन्त्र में है। उपनिषदों में इसको इस प्रकार वर्णन किया है “उत्तिष्ठत जाग्रत प्राप्य वरान्निबोधत। क्षुरस्य धारा निशिता दुरत्यया दुर्गं पथस्तत् कवयोवदन्ति कठ० ३।१४।”= उठो जागो अपने कर्तव्यों को समझकर अपना आचरण करो तथा अन्य लोगों को कर्तव्यपरायण बनाओ, यह भाव उपनिषत्कार ऋषियों ने भी उक्त वेदमन्त्रों से लिया है ॥ कई एक लोग यह कहते हैं कि वेदों में विधिवाद नहीं अर्थात् ऐसा करो ऐसा न करो, इस प्रकार विधि तथा निषेध के बोधक वेदवाक्य नहीं मिलते। उनको स्मरण रखना चाहिये कि जब वेद ने गिराओं का विशेषण “अपस्युवः” यह कर्मों का उद्बोधक दिया, फिर विधिवाद अर्थात् अनुज्ञा में क्या न्यूनता रह जाती है। विधि विधान अनुज्ञा आज्ञा ये सब एकार्थवाची शब्द हैं। इस प्रकार वेदों ने शुभ कर्म्मों के करने का विधान सर्वत्र किया है। एवं निषेध के बोधक भी सहस्रशः वेदवाक्य पाए जाते हैं, जैसा कि “मा शिश्नदेवा अपि गुर्ऋतं नः। ऋग् ७।२१।५=”मूर्त्यादि चिह्नों के पुजारी मेरी सच्चाई को नहीं पाते। एवं “नैनमूर्ध्वन्न तिर्य्यञ्च न मध्ये परिजग्रभत्। यजु० ३१।१।”परमात्मा को किसी स्थान में कोई बन्द नहीं कर सकता। इत्यादि अनेक मन्त्र निषेधबोधक पाए जाते हैं। इस प्रकार वेद का विधि-निषेध द्वारा हित का शासक होना ही इसकी अपूर्वता है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमैश्वर्य्यप्रद परमात्मन् ! (ते) तव (ओजसा) प्रतापेन (अपस्युवः) कर्मबोधिकाः (गिरः) वाचः (मर्मृज्यन्ते) लोकान् पवित्रयन्ति (याभिः) याभिः त्वम् (मदाय) आनन्ददातुम् (शुम्भसे) विराजसे ॥७॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तं᳓ त्वा म᳓दाय घृ᳓ष्वय
उलोककृत्नु᳓म्† ईमहे
त᳓व प्र᳓शस्तयो महीः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ghŕ̥ṣvaye ← ghŕ̥ṣvi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

mádāya ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

īmahe ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ulokakr̥tnúm ← ulokakr̥tnú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahī́ḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

práśastayaḥ ← práśasti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

तम् । त्वा॒ । मदा॑य । घृष्व॑ये । ऊं॒ इति॑ । लो॒क॒ऽकृ॒त्नुम् । ई॒म॒हे॒ ।
तव॑ । प्रऽश॑स्तयः । म॒हीः ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• madāya ← mada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• ghṛṣvaya ← ghṛṣvayaḥ ← ghṛṣvi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “anticipated; electrifying.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• lokakṛtnum ← loka
• [noun], masculine
• “Loka; Earth; world; vernacular; people; room; world; Earth; loka [word]; space; Loka; topographic point; region; common sense.”

• lokakṛtnum ← kṛtnum ← kṛtnu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “adept; adroit.”

• īmahe ← ī ← √i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “beg; solicit.”

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• praśastayo ← praśastayaḥ ← praśasti
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “announcement; praise; respect.”

• mahīḥ ← mahi
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “great; firm.”

हे सोम यस्य तव प्रशस्तयः प्रशंसाः महीः महत्यः घृष्वय उ त्वत्प्रसादाच्छत्रूणां धर्षणशीलाय यजमानायैव लोककृत्नुम् उत्तमस्य लोकस्य कर्तारं तं त्वां सोमं मदाय ईमहे वयं याचामहे ॥

English translation:

“We ask you for exhilaration, you the giver of the highest world to your foe-crushing worshipper– great are your praises.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Praśastayo mahiḥ is read as, praśastaye mahe in Sāmaveda

We implore you, who make wide space, for ardent exhilaration.
To you belong great praise songs.

The expression mádāya ghṛ́ṣvaya in the Saṃhitā text may be deliberately ambiguous. The Pp. reads dat. ghṛ́ṣvaye, which is supported by IX.16.1 as well as VIII.64.12, but IX.101.8 has … mádāya ghṛ́ṣvayaḥ “(cows) avid for exhilaration,” which would allow a tr. here “we, avid for exhilaration …” Although the published translation follows the Pp.

(as do Geldner and Renou), I think both readings may be intended.

To thee who givest ample room we pray, to win the joyous draught:
Great are the praise& due to thee.

Dich, den Platzmacher, gehen wir um fröhlichen Rausch an; groß ist dein Lob.

Drum wünschen wir, der Raum du schaffst, zum muntern Rausche dich herbei, Gross ist die Gunst, die du gewährst.

Это к тебе, создателю простора,
Мы обращаемся за радостным опьянением.
Велики твои прославления.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमेश्वर ! (तम्) उस (त्वा) तुझको (ईमहे) हम प्राप्त हों, जो तू (लोककृत्नुम्) सम्पूर्ण संसार का रचनेवाला है। (मदाय) आनन्द की प्राप्ति (उ) और (घृष्वये) दुःखों की निवृत्ति के लिये प्राप्त हो, (तव) तुम्हारी (प्रशस्तयः) स्तुतियें (महीः) पृथिवी भर में पाई जाती हैं॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आपका स्तवन प्रत्येक वस्तु कर रही है और आप सम्पूर्ण संसार के उत्पति-स्थिति-संहार करनेवाले हैं। आपकी प्राप्ति से सम्पूर्ण अज्ञानों की निवृत्ति होती है, इसलिये हम आपको प्राप्त होते हैं ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमेश्वर ! (तम्) प्रसिद्धम् (त्वा) भवन्तम् (ईमहे) वयं प्राप्नुयाम यो भवान् (लोककृत्नुम्) सम्पूर्णसंसारस्य रचयितास्ति स त्वम् (मदाय) आनन्दाय (उ) किञ्च (घृष्वये) दुःखनिवृत्त्यै प्राप्तो भव (तव) भवतः (प्रशस्तयः) स्तुतयः (महीः) पृथिवीमात्रे लभ्यन्ते ॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अस्म᳓भ्यम् इन्दव् इन्द्रयु᳓र्
म᳓ध्वः पवस्व धा᳓रया
पर्ज᳓न्यो वृष्टिमाँ᳓ इव

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
asmábhyam ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

indrayúḥ ← indrayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dhā́rayā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

pavasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iva ← iva (invariable)

parjányaḥ ← parjánya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣṭimā́n ← vr̥ṣṭimánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ऽयुः । मध्वः॑ । प॒व॒स्व॒ । धार॑या ।
प॒र्जन्यः॑ । वृ॒ष्टि॒मान्ऽइ॑व ॥

• asmabhyam ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indav ← indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• indrayur ← indrayuḥ ← indrayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• dhārayā ← dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• parjanyo ← parjanyaḥ ← parjanya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “cloud; Parjanya; Indra; nimbus.”

• vṛṣṭimāṃ ← vṛṣṭimat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “rain; raining; rainy.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

हे इन्दो सोम इन्द्रयुः इन्द्रकामस्त्वं मध्वः मदकरस्यामृतस्य धारया पर्जन्यो वृष्टिमानिव यथा वर्षवान् पर्जन्यो मेघस्तथा अस्मभ्यं मेधातिथिभ्यः पवस्व क्षर

English translation:

“Indu, do you, longing for Indra, stream upon us with a shower of ambrosia, like a raining cloud.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Indrayuḥ = enjoyed by Indra

For us, o drop, while seeking Indra, purify yourself in a stream
of honey,
like rain-bearing Parjanya.

Indu as, Indra’s Friend, on us pour with a stream of sweetness, like
Parjanya sender of the rain.

Für uns läutere dich, o Saft, nach Indra verlangend, mit dem Erguß der Süßigkeit, wie der regenbringende Parjanya!

Uns riesle, Indra-liebender, o Indu, mit des Methes Strom Der regenschwangern Wolke gleich.

Для нас, о капля, предназначенная Индре,
Очищайся потоком сладости,
Словно Парджанья, несущий дождь!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो)हे परमैश्वर्य्ययुक्त और (इन्द्रयुः) सर्वव्यापक परमात्मन् ! (मध्वः) आनन्द की (धारया) वृष्टि से (वृष्टिमान्) वर्षा करनेवाले (पर्जन्यः) मेघ के (इव) समान आप (अस्मभ्यम्) हमको (पवस्व) पवित्र करे॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस प्रकार मेघ अपनी वृष्टि से भूमि का सिञ्चन कर देता है, उसी प्रकार हे परमात्मन् ! आप अपनी आनन्दरूप वृष्टि से हमको पवित्र तथा सिक्त करें ॥९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे ऐश्वर्य्ययुक्त (इन्द्रयुः) सर्वव्यापक परमात्मन् ! (मध्वः) आनन्दस्य (धारया) वृष्ट्या (वृष्टिमान्) वर्षुकः (पर्जन्यः) मेघः (इव) यथा भवान् (अस्मभ्यम्) अस्मान् (पवस्व) पुनातु ॥९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मेधातिथिः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

गोषा᳓ इन्दो नृषा᳓ असि
अश्वसा᳓ वाजसा᳓ उत᳓
आत्मा᳓ यज्ञ᳓स्य पूर्वियः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

goṣā́ḥ ← goṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

indo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

nr̥ṣā́ḥ ← nr̥ṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

aśvasā́ḥ ← aśvasā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

vājasā́ḥ ← vājasā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ātmā́ ← ātmán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pūrvyáḥ ← pūrvyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yajñásya ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

गो॒ऽसाः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । नृ॒ऽसाः । अ॒सि॒ । अ॒श्व॒ऽसाः । वा॒ज॒ऽसाः । उ॒त ।
आ॒त्मा । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । पू॒र्व्यः ॥

• goṣā ← go
• [noun], masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• goṣā ← sāḥ ← sā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• nṛṣā ← nṛ
• [noun], masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• nṛṣā ← sāḥ ← sā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• asy ← asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• aśvasā ← aśva
• [noun], masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• aśvasā ← sāḥ ← sā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• vājasā ← vāja
• [noun], masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vājasā ← sāḥ ← sā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• ātmā ← ātman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “self; nature; Ātman; mind; soul; self; body; character; ātman [word]; person; life; peculiarity.”

• yajñasya ← yajña
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• pūrvyaḥ ← pūrvya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”

हे इन्दो यज्ञस्य पूर्व्यः प्रत्नः आत्मा आत्मभूतस्त्वं गोषाः अस्मभ्यं गवां दाता असि भवसि । नृषाः पुत्राणां दाता चासि । अश्वसाः अश्वानां दाता चासि । उत अपि च वाजसाः अन्नानां दाता चासि ॥ ॥ १९ ॥

English translation:

“Indu, you are the giver of kine, of children, of horses, and of food; you are the primeval soul of the sacrifice.”

O drop, you are cow-winning, man-winning, horse-winning, and prize-winning.
You are the ancient embodiment of the sacrifice.

Winner of kine, Indu, art thou, winner of heroes, steeds, and strength
Primeval Soul of sacrifice.

Du, Saft, bist der Rindergewinner, der Männergewinner, der Rossegewinner und der Lohngewinner, die erste Seele des Opfers.

Du, Indu, schenkest Rind und Ross und Männer uns und Nahrung auch, Des Opfers Seele warst du stets.

О капля, ты захватываешь коров, захватываешь мужей,
Захватываешь коней и захватываешь награду;
Ты – древний дух жертвы.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मेधातिथिः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो)हे परमैश्वर्य्ययुक्त परमात्मन् !आप (यज्ञस्य) सम्पूर्ण यज्ञों के (पूर्व्यः) आदि कारण हैं। आप हमको (गोषाः) गायें (अश्वसाः) घोड़े (वाजसाः) अन्न (नृषाः) मनुष्य (उत) और (आत्मा) आत्मिक बल इन सब वस्तुओं के देनेवाले (असि) हो॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमात्मन्। आपकी कृपा से अभ्युदय और निःश्रेयस दोनों फलों की प्राप्ति होती है। जिन पर आप कृपालु होते हैं, उनको हृष्ट-पुष्ट गौ और बलीवर्द तथा उत्तमोत्तम घोड़े एव नाना प्रकार की सेनायें इत्यादि अभ्युदय के सब साधन देते हैं और जिन पर आपकी कृपा होती है, उन्हीं को आत्मिक बल देकर यम नियमों द्वारा संयमी बनाकर निःश्रेयस प्रदान करते हैं॥१०॥१९॥ दूसरा सूक्त और उन्नीसवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमैश्वर्य्ययुक्त परमात्मन् ! भवान् (यज्ञस्य) समस्तस्य यज्ञस्य (पूर्व्यः) आदिकारणमस्ति। भवान् अस्मभ्यम् (गोषाः) गवाम् (अश्वसाः) अश्वानाम् (वाजसाः) अन्नानाम् (नृषाः) मनुष्याणाम् (उत) किञ्च (आत्मा) आत्मबलस्य दाता (असि) असि ॥१०॥ द्वितीयसूक्तमेकोनविंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥