००१

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

स्वा᳓दिष्ठया म᳓दिष्ठया
प᳓वस्व सोम धा᳓रया
इ᳓न्द्राय पा᳓तवे सुतः᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
mádiṣṭhayā ← mádiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

svā́diṣṭhayā ← svā́diṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

dhā́rayā ← dhā́rā- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

pávasva ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pā́tave ← √pā- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

sutáḥ ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

स्वादि॑ष्ठया । मदि॑ष्ठया । पव॑स्व । सो॒म॒ । धार॑या ।
इन्द्रा॑य । पात॑वे । सु॒तः ॥

• svādiṣṭhayā ← svādiṣṭha
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• madiṣṭhayā ← madiṣṭha
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• pavasva ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• dhārayā ← dhārā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pātave ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• sutaḥ ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

हे सोम इन्द्राय पातवे पातुं सुतः अभिषुतः त्वं स्वादिष्ठया स्वादुतमया मदिष्ठया अतिशयेन मादयित्र्या धारया पवस्व क्षर ॥

English translation:

“Flow, Soma, in a most sweet and exhilarating stream, effused for Indra to drink.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Yajus. 26.25

Purify yourself in the sweetest, most exhilarating stream, Soma,
when you are pressed for Indra to drink. ᳓

In sweetest and most gladdening stream
flow pure, O Soma, on thy way,
Pressed out for Indra, for his drink.

Läutere dich, Soma, im süßesten, berauschendsten Erguß, für Indra zum Trunke ausgepreßt!

Im Strom, o Soma, riesle hin, im lieblichsten, im süssesten, Dem Indra zum Genuss gepresst.

Самым сладким, самым опьяняющим
Потоком очищайся, о сома,
Выжатый Индре для питья!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अब इस मण्डल मेंसौम्यस्वभावपरमात्मा के गुणों का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हेसौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् !(स्वादिष्ठया) आनन्द के बढ़ानेवाले (मदिष्ठया,धारया) आह्लाद के वर्द्धक स्वभाव से आप हमें (पवस्व) पवित्र करें, जो स्वभाव आप का (इन्द्राय) ऐश्वर्य्य के (पातवे) बढ़ाने के लिये (सुतः) प्रसिद्ध है॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यों तो परमात्मा के अपहत पाप्मादि अनन्त गुण हैं, पर शान्तस्वभाव परमात्मा के शान्ति के देनेवाले सौम्य स्वभावादि ही हैं। परमात्मा केसौम्य स्वभावके धारण करने से पुरुष शान्तिसम्पन्न हो जाता है। फिर उसको अपने स्वरूप में एक प्रकार का आनन्द प्रतीत होने लगता है, जिससे एक प्रकार का हर्ष उत्पन्न होता है। मद यहाँ हर्ष का नाम है, किसी मादक द्रव्य का नहीं। कई एक टीकाकारों ने इस मण्डल को मदकारक सोम द्रव्य में लगाया है, वह भूल की है, क्योंकि इस मण्डल में परमात्मा के गुण-कर्म्म-स्वभावों का वर्णन है, किसी द्रव्यविशेष का नहीं ॥१॥

अथाऽस्मिन् मण्डले सौम्यस्वभावस्य परमात्मनो गुणा वर्ण्यन्ते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सौम्यस्वभाव परमात्मन् ! (स्वादिष्ठया) आनन्दवर्द्धकेन (मदिष्ठया) आह्लादजनकेन (धारया) स्वभावेन नः (पवस्व) पवित्रान् कुरु, यः (इन्द्राय) ऐश्वर्य्यस्य (पातवे) वर्द्धनाय (सुतः) प्रसिद्धः ॥१॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

रक्षोहा᳓ विश्व᳓चर्षणिर्
अभि᳓ यो᳓निम् अ᳓योहतम्
द्रु᳓णा सध᳓स्थम् आ᳓सदत्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
rakṣohā́ ← rakṣohán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvácarṣaṇiḥ ← viśvácarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

áyohatam ← áyohata- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yónim ← yóni- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

asadat ← √sad- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

drúṇā ← dā́ru- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

sadhástham ← sadhástha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

र॒क्षः॒ऽहा । वि॒श्वऽच॑र्षणिः । अ॒भि । योनि॑म् । अयः॑ऽहतम् ।
द्रुणा॑ । स॒धऽस्थ॑म् । आ । अ॒स॒द॒त् ॥

• rakṣohā ← rakṣaḥ ← rakṣas
• [noun], neuter
• “Rākṣasa; Rakṣas; rakṣas [word].”

• rakṣohā ← hā ← han
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

• viśvacarṣaṇir ← viśvacarṣaṇiḥ ← viśvacarṣaṇi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• yonim ← yoni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vagina; vulva; uterus; beginning; origin; reincarnation; birthplace; family; production; cause; race; grain; raw material; birth; kind; caste; kinship; bed.”

• ayohatam ← ayaḥ ← ayas
• [noun], neuter
• “iron; kāntaloha; ayas [word]; tīkṣṇaloha; metallic element; weapon.”

• ayohatam ← hatam ← han
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• druṇā ← dru
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wood; tree; dru [word].”

• sadhastham ← sadhastha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “dwelling; location; home.”

• āsadat ← āsad ← √sad
• [verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
• “approach; attack; sit down; approach; find; arrive.”

रक्षोहा रक्षसां हन्ता विश्वचर्षणिः विश्वस्य द्रष्टा सोमः अयोहतं हिरण्येन हतम् । तथा च ब्राह्मणं - ’ हिरण्यपाणिरभिषुणोति’ इति । द्रुणा द्रोणकलशेनाधिषवणफलकाभ्यां वा सधस्थं सहस्थानं योनिम् अभिषवस्थानम् अभि आसदत् अभ्यासीदति ॥

English translation:

“The all-beholding destroyer of rākṣasas has stepped upon his gold-smitten birthplace, united with the wooden cask.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Yajus. 26.26; variant ayohate droṇe for ayohatam druṇa; his gold-smitted birth-plural ce: druṇā = a wooden cask (droṇakalaśa), or the plural nks of the Soma press;

Ayohatam = smitten with gold; or, fabricated by a carpenter with a metal tool; Brāhmaṇa cited: hiraṇyapāṇir abhiṣunoti = golden-handed he presses out the Soma

Demon-smasher, common to all domains, he has reached his seat upon the metal-hammered womb,
upon his sitting place, by means of the wooden (vessel).

The adj. áyohata- ‘metal-hammered’ occurs twice in the RV (also IX.80.2), both qualifying yóni- ‘womb’ and referring to something that contains soma. Oldenberg suggests that it refers to a wooden vessel that has been hewn out by a metal blade.

What the instr. drúṇā is doing here is unclear to me. This instr. appears 5x in the RV; in the two passages outside of the Soma maṇḍala (V.86.3, VIII.96.11) it appears to refer to an implement with which one accomplishes something – in the latter passage a paddle to propel a boat to reach the far shore. Of the two other passages in IX, IX.65.6 drúṇā sadhástham aśnuṣe is quite similar to this one: “you attain to your seat drúṇā,” and in 98.2 índur abhí drúṇā hitáḥ, which lacks an overt ‘seat’, the interpr. depends on which root hitáḥ is assigned to: √dhā ‘place’ or √hi ‘impel’. In all three soma passages I take drúṇā as an implement (a wooden vessel or even a pusher, a paddle) that allows soma to attain its place or (in 98.2, taking hitá- to √hi) to be impelled on its way. This is not the standard interpr.; most (see, e.g., Oldenberg’s disc.) take it as referring to the wooden cup or vessel that constitutes soma’s “seat” (e.g., Geldner “an seinen Platz aus Holz”), but the instr. in such an interpr. is troubling. Renou remarks “Instr. un peu rude pour d° kṛtám” and renders (ad IX.1.2) 65.6 as “placé (sur la cuve faite) en bois.” Though he further remarks “on ne peut parler qu’avec réserve de l’Instr. de matière en véd.,” an instr. of material is essentially the standard interpr. of drúṇā in this passage – one that I would prefer to avoid, though perhaps at the expense of inventing another implement in the soma ritual.

Fiend-queller, Friend of all men, he hath with the wood attained unto
His place, his iron-fashioned home.

Die Unholde tötend, bei allen Völkern bekannt, hat er sich in seine eisenbehauene Wiege, an seinen Platz als Hotri gesetzt.

Der Menschen schirmt, Gespenster tilgt, liess auf den erzgefügten Schooss Den Sitz sich nieder durch das Holz.

Убийца демонов, известный среди всех народов,
Он сел на (свое) ложе, вытесанное железом,
На (свое) место из дерева.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् !आप (रक्षोहा) राक्षसों के हनन करनेवाले हो, (विश्वचर्षणिः) सम्पूर्ण विश्व के द्रष्टा हो (अभियोनिम्) सबके उत्पत्तिस्थान हो (अयोऽहतम्) किसी शस्त्र-अस्त्र से छेदन नहीं किये जाते (द्रुणा) गतिशील और (सधस्थम्) मध्यस्थरूप से सर्वत्र (आसदत्) स्थिर हो॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप सर्वत्र परिपूर्ण और विश्व के दृष्टा हो तथा पापकारी हिंसक राक्षसों के हन्ता हो, आप हमारे हृदय में आकर विराजमान हों ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! भवान् (रक्षोहा) रक्षसां हन्ता (विश्वचर्षणिः) समस्तस्य जगतो द्रष्टा (अभियोनिम्) सर्वस्योत्पत्तिस्थानम् (अयोऽहतम्) शस्त्रास्त्रैरच्छेद्यः (द्रुणा) गतिशीलः (सधस्थम्) मध्यस्थरूपेण सर्वत्र (आसदत्) स्थिरश्च अस्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

वरिवोधा᳓तमो भव
मं᳓हिष्ठो वृत्रह᳓न्तमः
प᳓र्षि रा᳓धो मघो᳓ना᳐म्

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
bhava ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

varivodhā́tamaḥ ← varivodhā́tama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

máṁhiṣṭhaḥ ← máṁhiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥trahántamaḥ ← vr̥trahántama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

maghónām ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

párṣi ← √pr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, voice:ACT}

rā́dhaḥ ← rā́dhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

व॒रि॒वः॒ऽधात॑मः । भ॒व॒ । मंहि॑ष्ठः । वृ॒त्र॒हन्ऽत॑मः ।
पर्षि॑ । राधः॑ । म॒घोना॑म् ॥

• varivodhātamo ← varivaḥ ← varivas
• [noun], neuter
• “room; varivas [word]; space; escape.”

• varivodhātamo ← dhātamaḥ ← dhātama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “giving.”

• bhava ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• maṃhiṣṭho ← maṃhiṣṭhaḥ ← maṃhiṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “big.”

• vṛtrahantamaḥ ← vṛtra
• [noun], masculine
• “enemy.”

• vṛtrahantamaḥ ← hantamaḥ ← hantama
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killing.”

• parṣi ← pṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “protect; promote; rescue; help.”

• rādho ← rādhaḥ ← rādhas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

• maghonām ← maghavan
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “big.”

हे सोम त्वं वरिवोधातसः अतिशयेन धनानां दाता भव । वेदो वरिवः’ इति धननामसु पाठात् । मंहिष्ठः दातृतमश्च भव । सर्वदातृत्वमत्रोच्यत इत्यपुनरुक्तिः । वृत्रहन्तमः अतिशयेन शत्रूणां हन्ता भव । किंच मघोनां धनवतां शत्रूणां राधः धनं च पर्षि अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छ ॥

English translation:

“Be the lavish giver of wealth, most bounteous, the destroyer of enemies; bestow on us the riches of the affluent.”

Become the best establisher of the wide realm, most munificent, best smasher of obstacles.
Deliver (to us) the bounty of the liberal ones.

The aggrandizing of Soma’s role continues here, with 3 superlatives: varivodhā́tama- ‘best establisher of the wide realm’, máṃhistha- ‘most munificent’, and vṛtrahántama- ‘best smasher of obstacles’ – the last of course borrowing Indra’s signature epithet, while máṃhiṣṭha- also regularly characterizes Indra. Renou suggests that the three represent the three (Dumézilian) functions, but this does not seem particularly compelling.

Vs. 1 also began with two superlatives, svā́diṣṭha- ‘sweetest’ and mádiṣṭha- ‘most exhilarating’, but these are restricted to soma’s ritual role, whereas the three in this vs. attribute universal powers to him.

Pāda c is identical to VIII.103.7d, found in the very last hymn of Maṇḍala VIII, just as this is found in the first hymn of Maṇḍala IX – so they are adjacent in the Saṃhitā arrangement. But I don’t know what, if anything, to make of this. If this is more than just accident, it would suggest that the compilers selected this particular Gāyatrī hymn to begin IX on the basis of this verbal correspondence.

Be thou best Vrtra-slayer, best granter of bliss, most liberal:
Promote our wealthy princes’ gifts.

Sei du der beste Auswegschaffer, der Freigebigste, der Erzfeindetöter, erhalte die Freigebigkeit der Lohnherren!

Sei du es, der am besten schenkt, die Feinde schlägt und Freiheit schafft, Der Reichen Gabe fördre du.

Будь лучшим открывателем просторов,
Самым щедрым, самым лютым убийцей врагов!
Переполни щедрость покровителей!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वरिवोधातमः)हे परमात्मन् ! आप सम्पूर्ण धनों के देनेवाले (भव) हो। ‘वरिव इति धननामसु पठितम्’ नि २।१०। (मंहिष्ठः) सर्वोपरि दाता हो (वृत्रहन्तमः) सब प्रकार के अज्ञानों के नाशक हो (मघोनाम्) सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य्यों के पूर्ण करनेवाले हो (राधः) धनों को (पर्षि) हमको दें॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा से सब ऐश्वर्य्यों की प्राप्ति होती है और परमात्मा ही अज्ञान से बचाकर मनुष्य को सन्मार्ग में ले जाता है, इसलिये सर्वोपरि देव परमात्मा से ऐश्वर्य की प्रार्थना करनी चाहिये ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! त्वं (वरिवोधातमः) समस्तधनानां दाता (भव) भव, ‘वरिव इति धननामसु पठितम्’ निघण्टौ ॥२।१०॥ (मंहिष्ठः) सर्वोपरि दाता भव (वृत्रहन्तमः) निखिलज्ञानानां नाशको भव किञ्च (मघोनाम्) सर्वैश्वर्य्यपूरकम् (राधः) धनम् (पर्षि) अस्मभ्यं देहि ॥३॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ अर्ष महा᳓नां᳐
देवा᳓नां वीति᳓म् अ᳓न्धसा
अभि᳓ वा᳓जम् उत᳓ श्र᳓वः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

arṣa ← √arṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mahā́nām ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

ándhasā ← ándhas- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

devā́nām ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

vītím ← vītí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

vā́jam ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒भि । अ॒र्ष॒ । म॒हाना॑म् । दे॒वाना॑म् । वी॒तिम् । अन्ध॑सा ।
अ॒भि । वाज॑म् । उ॒त । श्रवः॑ ॥

• abhy ← abhī ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• arṣa ← ṛṣ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “run.”

• mahānāṃ ← mahānām ← maha
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “great; abundant.”

• devānāṃ ← devānām ← deva
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• vītim ← vīti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• andhasā ← andhas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “Soma; drink; amṛta.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• vājam ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

हे सोम त्वं महानां महतां देवानां वीतिं यज्ञम् अन्धसा धानाद्यन्नेन सह अभ्यर्ष अभिगच्छ । उत अपि चाभिगच्छंस्त्वं वाजं बलं श्रवः अन्नं चाभिगमयास्मानित्यर्थः ॥

Go towards the great gods facing them with the herb (soma); towards [them] for gain [in contest] and fame.

English translation:

“Come with food to the sacrifice of the mighty gods, and bring to us strength and sustenance.”

Rush to the pursuit of the great gods with your stalk,
to the prize of victory and to fame.

Flow onward with thy juice unto the banquet of the Mighty Gods:
Flow bither for our strength and fame.

Rinne mit deinem Tranke zur Ladung der großen Götter, rinne zu Gewinn und Ruhm!

Mit Somatränken rinne du zum Mahl der grossen Götter hin, Zur Labung und zur Herrlichkeit.

Струись со (своим) соком
Навстречу приглашению великих богов,
Навстречу награде и славе!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप (महानाम्) बड़े (देवानाम्) विद्वानों के (वीतिम्) पदवी को प्राप्त करानेवाले हैं और (अन्धसा) धनादि ऐश्वर्य से (अभिवाजम्) सब प्रकार के बल को (अभ्यर्ष) प्राप्त करायें (उत) और (श्रवः) अन्नादि ऐश्वर्य को प्राप्त करायें॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की कृपा से मनुष्य देव-पदवी को प्राप्त होता है और परमात्मा की कृपा से सब प्रकार का बल मिलता है, इसलिये मनुष्य को चाहिये कि वह एकमात्र परमात्मा की शरण को प्राप्त हो ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! त्वम् (महानाम्) महताम् (देवानाम्) विदुषाम् (वीतिम्) पदवीं प्रापयितासि (अन्धसा) धनाद्यैश्वर्य्येण (अभिवाजम्) सर्वविधं बलम् (अभ्यर्ष) देहि (उत) अथ च (श्रवः) अन्नादिकं प्रापय॥४॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुवा᳓म् अ᳓छा चरामसि
त᳓द् इ᳓द् अ᳓र्थं दिवे᳓-दिवे
इ᳓न्दो तुवे᳓ न आश᳓सः

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ácha ← ácha (invariable)

carāmasi ← √carⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tvā́m ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

ártham ← ártha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

divé-dive ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

āśásaḥ ← āśás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

índo ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

tvé ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:LOC, number:SG}

त्वाम् । अच्छ॑ । च॒रा॒म॒सि॒ । तत् । इत् । अर्थ॑म् । दि॒वेऽदि॑वे ।
इन्दो॒ इति॑ । त्वे इति॑ । नः॒ । आ॒ऽशसः॑ ॥

• tvām ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

• carāmasi ← car
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• arthaṃ ← artham ← artha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”

• dive ← diva
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “day; sky; Svarga.”

• dive ← diva
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “day; sky; Svarga.”

• indo ← indu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• tve ← tvad
• [noun], locative, singular
• “you.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• āśasaḥ ← āśas
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

हे इन्दो यागेषु क्लिद्यमान सोम त्वामच्छ त्वां प्रति चरामसि वयं चरामः। दिवेदिवे प्रतिदिनमस्माकं तदित् तदेव त्वत्परिचरणमेव अर्थं कार्यं नान्यत्कार्यमस्ति । नः अस्माकम् आशसः आशंसनान्यपि त्वे त्वय्येव नान्यत्र ॥ ॥ १६ ॥

English translation:

“To you we come, O dropping (Soma); for you only is this our worship day by day, our prayers are to you, none other.”

Toward you do we proceed; this is just our goal every day.
O drop, in you are our hopes.

O Indu, we draw nigh to thee, with this one object day by day:
To thee alone our prayers are said

Zu dir kommen wir zu demselben Zwecke Tag für Tag. Zu dir, o Saft, gehen unsere Wünsche.

Zu diesem Zwecke gehen wir an jedem Tage hin zu dir, Auf dich, o Indu, hoffen wir.

К тебе мы направляемся
С одной и той же целью день за днем.
О капля, в тебе – наши надежды!

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमात्मन् ! (त्वां) तुमको (अच्छ) भली-भाँति (चरामसि) हम लोग प्राप्त हों और (दिवेदिवे) प्रतिदिन हे परमात्मन् ! (तत्त्वे अर्थम्) आपके लिये (इत) ही (नः) हमारा जीवन हो, ये ही (नः) हमारी (आशसः) प्रार्थनाएँ हैं॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष प्रतिदिन निष्काम कर्म्म करते हुए अपने जीवन को व्यतीत करते हैं और ईश्वर से भिन्न किसी अन्य देव की उपासना नहीं करते, वे परमात्मस्वरूप को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥५॥१६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्दो) हे परमात्मन् ! (त्वां) भवन्तम् (अच्छ) अक्लेशेन (चरामसि) वयं प्राप्नुयाम किञ्च (दिवेदिवे) प्रतिदिनम् (तत्त्वे अर्थम्) त्वदर्थम् (इत्) एव (नः) अस्माकं जीवनं स्यात् इत्येव (आशसः) प्रार्थनाः सन्ति ॥५॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

पुना᳓ति ते परिस्रु᳓तं
सो᳓मं सू᳓र्यस्य दुहिता᳓
वा᳓रेण श᳓श्वता त᳓ना

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
parisrútam ← parisrút- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

punā́ti ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

duhitā́ ← duhitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sómam ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

śáśvatā ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

tánā ← tán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

vā́reṇa ← vā́ra- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

पु॒नाति॑ । ते॒ । प॒रि॒ऽस्रुत॑म् । सोम॑म् । सूर्य॑स्य । दु॒हि॒ता ।
वारे॑ण । शश्व॑ता । तना॑ ॥

• punāti ← pū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• parisrutaṃ ← parisrutam ← parisru ← √sru
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “filter; run; soak; dissolve.”

• somaṃ ← somam ← soma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• duhitā ← duhitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “daughter; duhitṛ [word].”

• vāreṇa ← vāra
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “strainer.”

• śaśvatā ← śaśvat
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “all(a); each(a).”

• tanā ← tan
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “continuity; sequence; longevity.”

हे सोम ते तव परिस्रुतं क्षरन्तं सोमं सोमरसं सूर्यस्य दुहिता श्रद्धा देवी वारेण वालेन शश्वता शाश्वतेन तना विस्तृतेन पुनाति । तथा च वाजसनेयिन आमनन्ति-: श्रद्धा वै सूर्यस्य दुहिता श्रद्धा ह्येनं पुनाति’ इति ॥

English translation:

“The daughter of the Sun purifies your gushing streams through the eternal outstretched hair.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The daughter of the Sun: śraddhā = faith;

Vājasneyi: ‘Verily śraddhā is the daughter of the Sun, she purifies him’. The hair-sieve used for straining the Soma

The Daughter of the Sun purifies your circling soma
with the fleece-filter in unfailing measure.

As indicated in the published introduction, the standard clichéś of the soma maṇḍala gave way here to more novel material. The involvement of the Daughter of the Sun as purifier of soma is puzzling. Geldner suggests (n. 6b) that the Daughter of the Sun, also found in this maṇḍala at IX.72.3, 113.3, is the “Dicht- oder Gesangeskunst,” on what seem to me slender grounds (mostly III.53.15, which is not at all clear). Oberlies’s notion (Relig. RV I.241, 282; II.60) that this locution indicates that Soma comes from heaven to earth at dawn is more plausible

– though it should be kept in mind that Sūryā, the daughter of the Sun, is not the same as Uṣas, Dawn. I would rather suggest that the presence of this figure in this vs., which immediately precedes two vss. metaphorically concerning ‘maidens’ (yóṣanaḥ) and ‘unwed girls’ (agrúvaḥ), is meant to showcase the mythological marriageable maiden par excellence: Sūryā exists essentially only to get married. Her appearance in this vs. serves as a positive model for the maidens that follow. However, this interpr. does not fit well with my interpr. of the other passages in which she appears in this maṇḍala; see esp. disc. ad IX.72.3.

The referent of te has occasioned some discussion. In this hymn the 2nd ps. referent is otherwise always soma, but the acc. sómam already appears in the vs. as obj. of punā́ti. The solution adopted by most (see Oldenberg’s disc.), which I also subscribe to, is that te does refer to soma, but to Soma the god, distinguishing him from soma the liquid, the ritual substance represented by the acc. sómam. Geldner (n. 6) cites other possibilities that have been suggested – the ritual patron or Indra – though he himself accepts the Soma the god hypothesis.

By means of this eternal fleece may Surya’s Daughter purify
Thy Soma that is foaming forth.

Die Tochter des Surya klärt deinen Soma, der durch die Haarseihe in vollständigem Durchlauf abfließt.

Der Sonne Tochter reinigt dir den Soma, der in stetem Lauf Hin durch des Widders Wolle strömt.

Дочь Сурьи очищает
Твоего сому, растекающегося
Непрерывной чередой по ситу.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

अबरूपकालङ्कारसे श्रद्धा को सूर्य्य की पुत्रीरूप से वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (ते) तुम्हारे (परिस्रुतम्) जिसका सर्वत्र प्रभाव फैल रहा है, ऐसे (सोमम्)सौम्यस्वभावको (सुर्य्यस्य दुहिता) सूर्य्य की पुत्री (पुनाति) पवित्र करती है और (वारेण) बाल्यपन से (शश्वता) निरन्तर (तना) शरीर से पवित्र करती है॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष श्रद्धा द्वारा ईश्वर को प्राप्त होता है, वह मानों प्रकाश की पुत्री द्वारा अपनेसौम्यस्वभावको बनाता है। जिस प्रकार सूर्य्य की पुत्री उषा मनुष्यों के हृदय में आह्लाद उत्पन्न करती है, इसी प्रकार जिन मनुष्यों के ह्रदय में श्रद्धा देवी का निवास है, वे लोग उषा देवी के समान सबके आह्लादजनकसौम्यस्वभावको उत्पन्न करते हैं ॥ कई एक लोग इसके ये अर्थ करते हैं कि सूर्य्य की पुत्री कोई व्यक्तिविशेष श्रद्धा थी, यह अर्थ वेद के आशय से सर्वथा विरुद्ध है, क्योंकि उसकासौम्यस्वभावके साथ क्या सम्बन्ध ? यहाँ स्वभाव के साथ उसी श्रद्धा देवी का सम्बन्ध है, जो मनुष्य के शील को उत्तम बनाती है ॥६॥

अथ रूपकालङ्कारेण श्रद्धां सूर्य्यस्य पुत्रीरूपेण वर्णयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (ते) तव (परिस्रुतम्) सर्वत्र विस्तृतप्रभावम् (सोमम्) सौम्यस्वभावम् (सूर्य्यस्य दुहिता) सूर्य्यस्य पुत्री (पुनाति) पवित्रयति (वारेण) बाल्यादारभ्य (शश्वता) निरन्तरम् (तना) शरीरेण पुनाति ॥६॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

त᳓म् ईम् अ᳓ण्वीः समर्य᳓ आ᳓
गृभ्ण᳓न्ति यो᳓षणो द᳓श
स्व᳓सारः पा᳓रिये दिवि᳓

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áṇvīḥ ← áṇvī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

īm ← īm (invariable)

samaryé ← samaryá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dáśa ← dáśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

gr̥bhṇánti ← √gr̥bhⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yóṣaṇaḥ ← yóṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

diví ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pā́rye ← pā́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

svásāraḥ ← svásar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

तम् । ई॒म् । अण्वीः॑ । स॒ऽम॒र्ये । आ । गृ॒भ्णन्ति॑ । योष॑णः । दश॑ ।
स्वसा॑रः । पार्ये॑ । दि॒वि ॥

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• aṇvīḥ ← aṇu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “small; fine; subtle; thin.”

• samarya ← samarye ← samarya
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• gṛbhṇanti ← grah
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”

• yoṣaṇo ← yoṣaṇaḥ ← yoṣan
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• daśa ← daśan
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

• svasāraḥ ← svasṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sister; svasṛ [word].”

• pārye ← pārya
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “critical; decisive.”

• divi ← div
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

समर्ये समनुष्ये यज्ञे पार्ये दिवि सौत्येऽहनि योषणः स्त्रियः स्वसारः स्वयं सरन्त्यो दशसंख्याकाः अण्वीः अण्व्योऽङ्गुलयः । ‘अग्रुवः अण्व्यः’ इत्यङ्गुलिनामसु पाठात् । तमीं तमेनं सोमम् आ गृभ्णन्ति आगृह्णन्ति ॥

English translation:

“The ten sister-fingers seize you in the sacrifice, on the final day (of the oblation).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Pārye divi = sautye ‘hani, on the day of the Soma effusion; in 6.026.01, this term is explained as pārye ahan, in the final day, or in the time of extremity

Him do the delicate ones grasp at the clash—the ten maidens [=fingers], the sisters—on the decisive day.

The adj. áṇu- ‘delicate, fine’, always in the fem., is used several times of the fingers in their task of pressing soma. Because fingers are, of course, joined in the hand they are also called sisters, as here.

The ‘clash’ (samaryé) presumably refers to the pounding of the pressing stones.

Ten sister maids of slender form seize him within the press and hold
Him firmly on the final day.

Ihn fassen die zehn feinen Frauen im Wettbewerb an, die Schwestern am entscheidenden Tage.

Ihn fassen zehn verschwisterte, zehn schlanke Jungfraun in den Kampf Am Tage der Entscheidung an.

Это его захватывают в состязании
Десять тоненьких женщин –
Сестер в решающий день.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

त᳓म् ईं हिन्वन्ति अग्रु᳓वो
ध᳓मन्ति बाकुरं᳓ दृ᳓तिम्
त्रिधा᳓तु वारण᳓म् म᳓धु

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
agrúvaḥ ← agrū́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

hinvanti ← √hi- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

īm ← īm (invariable)

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

bākurám ← bākurá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dhámanti ← √dhamⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dŕ̥tim ← dŕ̥ti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mádhu ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

tridhā́tu ← tridhā́tu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

vāraṇám ← vāraṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

तम् । ई॒म् । हि॒न्व॒न्ति॒ । अ॒ग्रुवः॑ । धम॑न्ति । बा॒कु॒रम् । दृति॑म् ।
त्रि॒ऽधातु॑ । वा॒र॒णम् । मधु॑ ॥

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• hinvanty ← hinvanti ← hi
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “impel; send; spur; stimulate; urge.”

• agruvo ← agruvaḥ ← agru
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “unmarried.”

• dhamanti ← dham
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “heat; blow; fan; blow; ignite; blow; inflate.”

• bākuraṃ ← bākuram ← bākura
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• dṛtim ← dṛti
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hose; dṛti [word]; hide; bladder.”

• tridhātu ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tridhātu ← dhātu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “mineral; dhātu; saptadhātu; Sanskrit verbal root; etymon; aṣṭaloha; mahābhūta; gairika; component; navadhātu; svarṇamākṣika; doṣa; inorganic compound.”

• vāraṇam ← vāraṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “removing; desert.”

• madhu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

तमीम् एनं सोमम् अग्रुवः अङ्गुलयः हिन्वन्ति अभिषवदेशं प्रति प्रेरयन्ति । प्रेरयित्वा च बाकुरं भासमानं दृतिं दृतिसदृशांशुमेनं सोमं धमन्ति अभिषुण्वन्ति । यद्यपि धमतिरभिषवकर्मा न भवति तथाप्यौचित्यादत्राभिषवपरो भविष्यति । तदेतत् सोमात्मकं मधु वस्तु त्रिधातु त्रिस्थानम् । द्रोणकलश आधवनीयः पूतभृदिति त्रिधातवः । वारणं शत्रूणां वारकं च भवति ॥

The maidens indeed please him [by] blowing a bagpipe made of hide: he the honey [in the] three-fold fortifications.

We hold that this is an archaic equivalent of the rite occurring after the sale (kraya) in the classical shrauta ritual where the subrahmaNya is sung. In the old rite the subrahmaNya/ its equivalent was probably accompanied by the maids playing a bagpipe. While my knowledge of later H music is very limited, I’m aware that a bagpipe is used across different H musical traditions at least as a drone. This would be the early attestation of the bagpipe in H tradition & probably served as something more than a drone.

What are 3-fold fortications of the last foot? We agree with sAyaNa that it represents the soma (probably mixed with honey) placed in the three vessels as the yajuSh states:

atha vA asyaite .agR^ihItA droNakalasha AdhavanIyaH pUtabhR^it tAn yad agR^ihItvopAkuryAt pavamAnaM …

the droNakalasha, AdhavanIya and the pUtabhR^it. The AdhavanIya is the mixing vessel.

The second verse in the sUkta recited here already mentions the soma sitting in the droNa-kalasha: druNA sadhastham Asadat |

The etymology of droNa from wooden=drUNa. Its described as ayohatam in the previous foot: fashioned with metal i.e., a chisel/hammer.

English translation:

“The fingers press the Soma, they squeeze it glittering like a water-skin; its juice becomes threefold, enemy-averting.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Its juice becomes threefold = tridhātu = liṭ, in three plural ces; or, as filling the three vessels, the droṇakalaśa, the āhavanīya and the pūtabhṛt

Him do the unwed girls impel, as they blow the skin bagpipe,
him, the threefold wild honey.

The ‘unwed girls’ are also the fingers alluded to in the preceding vs.: the pl. agrúvaḥ is always so used.

In b they are clearly blowing into a musical instrument: bākurá- is a hapax, a vṛddhi deriv. of bákura- also a hapax (I.117.21), used of a musical instrument one blows (√dham), as here. Both show non-Indo-Aryan phonology. But what does this have to do with soma preparation? and how can fingers “blow” into a pipe? Geldner, ad I.117.21, suggests that the skin pipe is the “bildlicher Ausdruck für die Somapflanze”; perhaps the reference is to the stalk, and perhaps the fingers pressing on the stalk produce a noise similar to a pipe. Or – perhaps the poet has simply gotten carried away by a picture of festivity, with unmarried girls celebrating at a gathering.

The next question is what to do with the acc. phrase in c. I find it unlikely that the “wild honey” is in apposition to the bag-pipe of b, though Geldner seems to take it that way. Renou supplies another verb “(elles traient),” whereas I take it as a return to the object of hinvanti in pāda a, with b loosely parenthetical. It is “threefold” (tridhā́tu) perhaps in reference to the three soma pressings, or to some other ritual triplet (see Geldner’s suggestions n. 8c). For further discussion of tridhā́tu … mádhu see comm. ad IX.70.8.

The virgins send him forth: they blow the the skin musician-like and fuse
The triple foe-repelling meath.

Ihn treiben die Unvermählten zur Eile; sie blasen den aus Bakura gemachten Schlauch auf, die dreifache wildwachsende Süßigkeit.

Die unvermählten senden ihn und sprühen auf den Lederschlauch Den starken dreigemischten Trank.

Это его поторапливают незамужние девы.
Они надувают мехи бакуры,
(Они получают) трояко защищающую сладость.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तम्) उस पुरुष को (अग्रुवः) उग्र गतियें (हिन्वन्ति) प्रेरणा करती हैं और (बाकुरम्) भासमान (दृतिम्) शरीर को वह पुरुष प्राप्त होता है, जिसमें (त्रिधातु) तीन प्रकार से (वारणम्) दुसरों का वारण करनेवाला (मधु) मधुमय शरीर मिलता है॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो पुरुष श्रद्धा के भाव रखनेवाले होते हैं, उनके सूक्ष्म, स्थूल और कारण तीनों प्रकार के शरीर दृढ और शत्रुओं के वारण करनेवाले होते हैं। अर्थात्शारीरिक,आत्मिकऔर सामाजिक तीनों प्रकार के बल उन पुरुषों को आकर प्राप्त होते हैं, जो श्रद्धा का भाव रखते हैं ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तम्) तं पुरुषम् (अग्रुवः) उग्रगतयः (हिन्वन्ति) प्रेरयन्ति किञ्च (बाकुरम्) भासमानम् (दृतिम्) शरीरं स पुरुषः (धमन्ति) प्राप्नोति यत्र (त्रिधातु) प्रकारत्रयेण (वारणम्) अपरेषां वारकम् (मधु) मधुमयं शरीरं सङ्गच्छते ॥८॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभी᳓म᳓म् अ᳓घ्निया उत᳓
श्रीण᳓न्ति धेन᳓वः शि᳓शुम्
सो᳓मम् इ᳓न्द्राय पा᳓तवे

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ághnyāḥ ← ághnya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

imám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

dhenávaḥ ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

śíśum ← śíśu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śrīṇánti ← √śrī- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pā́tave ← √pā- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

sómam ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒भि । इ॒मम् । अघ्न्याः॑ । उ॒त । श्री॒णन्ति॑ । धे॒नवः॑ । शिशु॑म् ।
सोम॑म् । इन्द्रा॑य । पात॑वे ॥

• abhīmam ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• abhīmam ← imam ← idam
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• aghnyā ← aghnyāḥ ← aghnyā
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “cow.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• śrīṇanti ← śrī
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “cook; boil; heat; cook; mix.”

• dhenavaḥ ← dhenu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

• śiśum ← śiśu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “child; young; baby; śiśu [word]; Śiśu; male child; fetus.”

• somam ← soma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pātave ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

उत अपि च इमम् एनं शिशुं बालं सोमम् अघ्न्याः अस्तब्धाः अहन्तव्याः धेनवः गावः इन्द्राय पातवे पातुम् अभि श्रीणन्ति । स्वकीयेन पयसा संस्कुर्वन्तीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“The inviolable kine mingle this fresh Soma with their milk for Indra to drink.”

And him do the inviolable milk-cows prepare, as their child,
the soma, for Indra to drink.

Note the openings of vss. 7-9: 7 tám īm / 8 tám īm / 9 abhī̀m(ám).

Pāda c is a slight variant on 1c and sketches a ring.

Inviolable milch-kine round about him blend for Indra’s drink,
The fresh young Soma with their milk.

Und die Milchkühe versehen dieses Junge mit Milch, den Soma für Indra zum Trunke.

Und diesem Kalbe mischen nun die Kühe zu die warme Milch, Dem Soma für des Indra Trunk.

И этого теленка украшают
Коровы, дойные коровы –
Сому Индре для питья.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इमम्) उस (सोमम्) सौम्य स्वभाववाले श्रद्धालु पुरुष को (शिशुम्) कुमारावस्था में ही (अभि) सब प्रकार से (अघ्न्याः) अहिंसनीय (धेनवः) गौवें (श्रीणन्ति) तृप्त करती हैं (इन्द्राय) ऐश्वर्य्य की (पातवे) वृद्धि के लिये। (उत) अथवा उक्त श्रद्धालु पुरुष को अहिंसनीय वाणियें ऐश्वर्य्य की प्राप्ति के लिये संस्कृत करती हैं (वाचं धेनुमुपासीत) शतप०॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि जो पुरुष श्रद्धा के भाववाले हैं, उनको गौ आदि ऐश्वर्य्य और सदुपदेशरूपी पवित्र वाणियें उनकी रक्षा के लिये सदा उद्यत रहती हैं। इस मन्त्र में गौ को (अघ्न्या)=अहिंसनीय माना गया है; इससे स्पष्ट सिद्ध होता है कि गौ मेघ आदि यज्ञों के अर्थ किसी हिंसाप्रधान यज्ञ के नहीं, किन्तु गाव इन्द्रियाणि मेध्यन्ते यस्मिन् स गोमेधः, जिसमें ज्ञानयज्ञ द्वारा इन्द्रियाँ पवित्र की जाएँ, उसका नाम गोमेध है। इसी प्रकार अश्वेमेध नरमेध आदि यज्ञ भी ज्ञानप्रधान यज्ञों के ही बोधक हैं, हिंसारूप यज्ञों के बोधक नहीं ॥९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इमम्) अमुम् (सोमम्) सौम्यस्वभावं श्रद्धालुं पुरुषम् (शिशुम्) शैशव एव (अभि) सर्वप्रकारेण (अघ्न्याः) अहिंसनीयाः (धेनवः) गावः (श्रीणन्ति) तर्पयन्ति (इन्द्राय) ऐश्वर्य्यम् (पातवे) वर्द्धयितुम् (उत) अथवा उक्तश्रद्धालुं पुरुषम् अहिंसनीया वाच ऐश्वर्य्यप्राप्तये संस्कृतं कुर्वन्ति ॥९॥

• देवता - पवमानः सोमः
• ऋषिः - मधुच्छन्दाः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अस्ये᳓द् इ᳓न्द्रो म᳓देषु आ᳓
वि᳓श्वा वृत्रा᳓णि जिघ्नते
शू᳓रो मघा᳓ च मंहते

Strata
Normal

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

asyá ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

mádeṣu ← máda- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

jighnate ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

vr̥trā́ṇi ← vr̥trá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ca ← ca (invariable)

maghā́ ← maghá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

maṁhate ← √maṁh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śū́raḥ ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒स्य । इत् । इन्द्रः॑ । मदे॑षु । आ । विश्वा॑ । वृ॒त्राणि॑ । जि॒घ्न॒ते॒ ।
शूरः॑ । म॒घा । च॒ । मं॒ह॒ते॒ ॥

• asyed ← asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• asyed ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• indro ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• madeṣv ← madeṣu ← mada
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

• ā ← āḥ ← as
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• vṛtrāṇi ← vṛtra
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “enemy.”

• jighnate ← han
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• śūro ← śūraḥ ← śūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• maghā ← magha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “gift; wealth; reward; wages; reward.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• maṃhate ← mah
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “give; accord.”

शूरः वीरः इन्द्रः अस्येत् अस्य सोमस्यैव मदेषु विश्वा विश्वानि वृत्राणि शत्रून् आ जिघ्नते आहन्ति । मघा मघानि धनानि च मंहते यजमानेभ्यः प्रयच्छति ॥ ॥ १७ ॥

English translation:

“In the exhilaration of this draught the hero Indra smites all his enemies and bestows wealth (on his worshippers).”

In the raptures of just this (soma) Indra the champion keeps smashing all obstacles
and bestows bounties.

As just noted, the last pāda of vs. 9 seems to bring the hymn to a conclusion with a reprise of the end of the 1st vs., even though another vs. follows. Indeed vs. 10 does seem to stand apart from the rest of the hymn, while picking up various elements from it. First, note that though Indra was mentioned in the ring- compositional pādas, 1c índrāya pā́tave sutáḥ, 9c sómam índrāya pā́tave, he was absent from the rest of the hymn and his characteristics and deeds assigned to Soma instead. But here he reasserts his role as vṛtrá-smasher (b víśvā vṛtrā́ṇi jighnate), posited of Soma in 3b vṛtrahántamaḥ, and as giver of bounties (c maghā́ … maṃhate), also posited of Soma in 3b máṃhiṣṭhaḥ. The superlative mádiṣṭha- ‘most exhilarating’, describing the stream of soma in the first pāda of the hymn (1a), returns as the exhilarations of soma (asyá … mádeṣu)(10a) that spur Indra on to his exploits, the signature root √mad having been absent for all the rest of the hymn. (This particular ringcompositional effect is obscured in the published translation by my use of ‘raptures’ for mádeṣu in 10a.)

In the wild raptures of this draught, Indra slays all the Vrtras: he,
The Hero, pours his wealth on us.

In seinem Rausche erschlägt Indra alle Feinde, und verschenkt der Held die Gaben.

In seinem Rausch erschlägt der Held die Feinde alle, und es theilt Die reichen Güter Indra aus.

Это в опьянении им Индра
Убивает всех врагов
И щедро дарит, герой, щедрые подарки.

• पवमानः सोमः
• मधुच्छन्दाः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्रः) विज्ञानी पुरुष (अस्येत्) इसी भाव से (विश्वा) सम्पूर्ण (वृत्राणि) अज्ञानों को (जिघ्नते) नाश करता है (च) और इसी श्रद्धा के भाव से (शूरः) शूरवीर (मदेषु) अपनी वीरता के मद में मस्त होकर (मघा)ऐश्वर्य्यों को (मंहते) प्राप्त होता है॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - श्रद्धा के भाव से ही विज्ञानी पुरुष अज्ञानरूपी शत्रुओं का नाश करता है और श्रद्धा के भाव से ही वीर पुरुष युद्ध में शत्रुओं को जीतता है। श्रद्धा के भाव से हीऐश्वर्य्य को प्राप्त होता है ॥१०॥ पहला सूक्तऔर सत्रहवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्रः) विज्ञानी पुरुषः (अस्येत्) अनेनैव भावेन (विश्वा) सर्वाणि (वृत्राणि) अज्ञानानि (आजिघ्नते) नाशयति (च) किञ्च अनेनैव श्रद्धाभावेन (शूरः) वीरपुरुषः (मदे) स्वकीयवीर्य्यमदे दृप्तः (मघा) ऐश्वर्य्यम् (मंहते) प्राप्नोति ॥१०॥ इति प्रथमं सूक्तं सप्तदशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥