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सायण-भाष्यम्
‘ अस्मै ’ इत्येकविंशत्यृचं तृतीयं सूक्तम् । अत्रानुक्रम्यते- अस्मै सैका द्युतानो वा मारुतस्त्रैष्टुभं चतुर्थी विराळिष्यामीति मारुतः पादः परैन्द्राबार्हस्पत्या’ इति । द्युतानाख्यो मरुतां पुत्र ऋषिस्तिरश्चीर्नामाङ्गिरसो वा । चतुर्थी विराट् । शिष्टास्त्रिष्टुभः । इन्द्रो देवता । इष्यामि वो मरुतः’ इति पादो मरुद्देवत्यः। ‘अध द्रप्सः’ इत्येषा त्विन्द्राबृहस्पतिदेवताका । सूक्तविनियोगो लिङ्गादवगन्तव्यः ॥
Jamison Brereton
96 (705)
Indra (except Maruts 14d, Indra and Br̥haspati 15)
Tiraścī Āṅgirasa or Dyutāna Māruti
21 verses: triṣṭubh except virāj 4, arranged in trcas ̥
A rich and complex hymn containing both glancing references and vivid treatments of several Indra myths. Its parts conform well to the tr̥ca structure, especially (as often) toward the end. Each of the last four tr̥cas (vss. 10–21) has a verbal signa ture: in verses 10–12 the half-pāda refrain “surely he will take cognizance” (kuvíd aṅgá védat); in verses 13–15 the “droplet” (drapsá); in verses 16–18 the opening “you
then” (tuváṃ ha tyád); in verses 19–21 the definitional “Vr̥tra-smiter” (vr̥trahā́). The first tr̥ca of the hymn (vss. 1–3) sets the stage for the wide-ranging praise of Indra by describing his overwhelming power in three different areas. In verse 1 the powers of nature are subject to him. Verse 2 apparently contains a snatch of the Emuṣa myth, most extensively related in VIII.71. In that myth Indra shoots a boar named Emuṣa through many mountains; here only the mountains and the arrow-shot are mentioned, but the prodigious nature of the unnamed archer’s action is clear, and the audience would be aware that this was a boyhood deed of Indra’s. In verse 3 Indra’s body is described as the site of his powers, both physical and mental.
The second tr̥ca (vss. 4–6) begins with a summary of his preeminence (vs. 4), but soon moves to the Vr̥tra battle (vs. 5) and especially to the Maruts’ role in it, a topic that will also occupy the third tr̥ca. The Maruts appear to be the “formula tors” (brahmáns) introduced at the end of verse 5, bellowing to Indra. Verses 6–9 are best interpreted as the direct speech of the Maruts to Indra, offering him their praise while seeking an alliance with him. They remind him (vs. 7) that they stuck and continue to stick by him when the other gods deserted him in the Vr̥tra battle, and they put in their claim to share the sacrifice with him (vs. 8), a claim also vividly dramatized in the dialogue hymn I.165. They end their speech (vs. 9) with the reas
surance that together they, the Maruts and Indra, will make an unbeatable team. The next tr̥ca (vss. 10–12) returns to the ritual present, with the poet’s exhorta tion to himself to produce well-crafted words for Indra—whose attention to the praises he nervously hopes for. The following tr̥ca (vss. 13–15) is the most puz zling part of the hymn; it concerns an otherwise unknown story about a “droplet” (drapsá) or perhaps an individual (human? divine? semi-divine?) so named. There is a conflict of some sort in the Aṃśumatī River, which Indra appears to win in verse 15. The middle verse of the tr̥ca (vs. 14) is 1st-person direct speech and may be the
words of Indra addressing the Maruts. But the “story” may also be an extended ritual metaphor. “Droplet” is a word also used of soma, and the name of the river means literally “possessing (soma) plants.” The descent of the droplet into the river could well describe the rinsing of the soma plant that forms a regular part of soma preparation, although the ritual counterpart of the mythic conflict is difficult to identify.
Unified by its opening words “you then,” the next tr̥ca (vss. 16–18) provides a survey of some of Indra’s great deeds, some obscure (like the rivalry with the unidentified seven in vs. 16), some familiar: the defeat of Śuṣṇa (17c), the release of the cows from Vala (17d), and the Vr̥tra battle again (18). The last tr̥ca begins with a riddle, though not a very challenging one. The first three pādas of verse 19 give a series of definitional descriptors of a hero. Those asked the riddle give their answer to “the other,” in our opinion the riddler himself: “That’s the Vr̥tra-smiter!” And they provide other embellishments to the Vr̥tra-smiter in the following two verses (20–21), while declaring the need to invoke and praise him. The hymn thus keeps returning to the Vr̥tra battle, and the final three verses implicitly assert that Vr̥tra-smiter is Indra’s fundamental role.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Indra
01 अस्मा उषास - त्रिष्टुप्
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अस्मा᳓ उषा᳓स आ᳓तिरन्त या᳓मम्
इ᳓न्द्राय न᳓क्तम् ऊ᳓र्मियाः सुवा᳓चः
अस्मा᳓ आ᳓पो मात᳓रः सप्त᳓ तस्थुर्
नृ᳓भ्यस् त᳓राय सि᳓न्धवः सुपाराः᳓
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अ॒स्मा उ॒षास॒ आति॑रन्त॒ याम॒मिन्द्रा॑य॒ नक्त॒मूर्म्याः॑ सु॒वाचः॑ ।
अ॒स्मा आपो॑ मा॒तरः॑ स॒प्त त॑स्थु॒र्नृभ्य॒स्तरा॑य॒ सिन्ध॑वः सुपा॒राः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अस्मा᳓ उषा᳓स आ᳓तिरन्त या᳓मम्
इ᳓न्द्राय न᳓क्तम् ऊ᳓र्मियाः सुवा᳓चः
अस्मा᳓ आ᳓पो मात᳓रः सप्त᳓ तस्थुर्
नृ᳓भ्यस् त᳓राय सि᳓न्धवः सुपाराः᳓
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
asmaí ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
atiranta ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}
uṣā́saḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
yā́mam ← yā́ma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
náktam ← nákt- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
suvā́caḥ ← suvā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
ū́rmyāḥ ← ū́rmyā- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
asmaí ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
mātáraḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
tasthuḥ ← √sthā- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
nŕ̥bhyaḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}
síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
supārā́ḥ ← supārá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
tárāya ← tára- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
अ॒स्मै । उ॒षसः॑ । आ । अ॒ति॒र॒न्त॒ । याम॑म् । इन्द्रा॑य । नक्त॑म् । ऊर्म्याः॑ । सु॒ऽवाचः॑ ।
अ॒स्मै । आपः॑ । मा॒तरः॑ । स॒प्त । त॒स्थुः॒ । नृऽभ्यः॑ । तरा॑य । सिन्ध॑वः । सु॒ऽपा॒राः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- asmā ← asmai ← idam
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- uṣāsa ← uṣāsaḥ ← uṣas
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
- ātiranta ← ātṛ ← √tṛ
- [verb], plural, Present injunctive
- yāmam ← yāma
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “prahara; watch; travel; path.”
- indrāya ← indra
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- naktam ← nakta
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “night; night.”
- ūrmyāḥ ← ūrmyā
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “night.”
- suvācaḥ ← su
- [adverb]
- “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
- suvācaḥ ← vācaḥ ← vāc
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”
- asmā ← asmai ← idam
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- āpo ← āpaḥ ← ap
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
- mātaraḥ ← mātṛ
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
- sapta ← saptan
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “seven; seventh.”
- tasthur ← tasthuḥ ← sthā
- [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
- “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
- nṛbhyas ← nṛbhyaḥ ← nṛ
- [noun], dative, plural, masculine
- “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
- tarāya ← tara
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”
- supārāḥ ← su
- [adverb]
- “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
- supārāḥ ← pārāḥ ← pāra
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “shore; pāra [word]; end; excellence.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
इन्द्रसामर्थ्याद्भीताः उषसः उषःकालाः अस्मै पूर्वोक्तगुणोपेताय इन्द्राय यामं स्वस्वगमनम्। आतिरन्त । तिरतिर्वर्धनकम । समन्तादवर्धयन्त । यथा पूर्वमुद्यन्ति तथेदानीमप्यस्मा उद्गता अभवन् । तथा ऊर्म्याः । रात्रिनामैतत् । ‘ऋ गतिप्रापणयोः’। अर्तेरू च’ (उ. सू. ४. ४८४) इति मिप्रत्ययः । भवे छन्दसि ’ इति यत् । सर्वैरभिगन्तव्याः । रात्रौ हि सर्वे स्वनिवासं गच्छन्ति । स्वनिलयप्राप्तिहेतुभूता रात्रयः। नक्तम् अपररात्रिकाले सुवाचः शोभनवाचो भवन्ति । तस्मिन् काले हि सर्वे वेदाध्ययनादीनि कुर्वन्ति । तस्मात् कल्याणवाचोऽभवन् । इन्द्रेऽनुशासति वेदाद्यनुमाने निरता अभवन् । तथा आपः । ‘ अप्लृ व्याप्तौ । सर्वतो व्याप्ताः मातरः जगतां निर्मात्र्यः सप्त सप्तसंख्याकाः सिन्धवः स्यन्दमाना गङ्गाद्या नद्यः । यद्वा । सप्त सर्पणशीलाः सिन्धवः सरितः । तासामावरकस्याहेर्हननोत्पादकत्वात् अस्मै इन्द्राय नृभ्यस्तराय मनुष्याणां सुखेन तरणार्थं सुपाराः शोभनपाराः सुखेन तर्तुं योग्या अभवन्नित्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“For him the dawns prolonged their rising; for Indra the nights uttered auspicious voices by night; for himthe waters, the mothers, the seven rivers, stood, offering an easy passage for men to cross over.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The nightsuttered auspicious voices by night: All men read the Veda, etc. in the latter half of the night; therefore, the voicesof the night were auspicious; they studied the Veda under Indra’s direction
Jamison Brereton
For him do the dawns pass along their course; for Indra do the eloquent evenings (pass along their course) by night.
For him do the waters, the seven mothers, stand still—the rivers easy to cross, for men to traverse.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The relative phrase yā́ḥ … bhújaḥ “which delightful things” has no obvious correlative expression in the main clause of cd. Geldner supplies “(mit denen),” which is certainly possible and perhaps the default option. But following a suggestion of Oldenberg’s, I take the asya of c, otherwise unaccounted for, as the functional correlative, despite the difference in number and gender. Because it is unaccented, asya should be pronominal and refer to something already present in the discourse, and there are few candidates, esp. because stotár- doesn’t seem to take a genitive. It would not be surprising to resume the fem. expression “delightful things” simply with “that (stuff).” The masc. singular referring to the goods Indra has acquired continues in vs. 2, with the yám … tám pair. I tr. asya “from that” rather than “of that,” since the latter doesn’t parse well in English.
In cd stotā́ram … yé ca … vṛktábarhiṣaḥ is a nice example of the “X and which Y” construction.
Griffith
FOR him the Mornings made their courses longer, and Nights with pleasant voices spake to Indra.
For him the Floods stood still, the Seven Mothers, Streams easy for the heroes to pass over.
Geldner
Für ihn hielten die Morgenröten ihr Kommen, für Indra die lobesamen Nächte, die Nachtzeit richtig ein. Ihm standen die sieben mütterlichen Gewässer still, die leicht zu durchschreitenden Flüsse für die Männer zum Durchschreiten.
Grassmann
Es bahnten ihm den Weg die Morgenröthen, bei Nacht dem Indra die gepries’nen Sterne, Die sieben Mütter standen ihm, die Wasser, zur Fahrt den Männern, Ströme leicht durchfahrbar.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
02 अतिविद्धा विथुरेणा - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ᳓तिविद्धा विथुरे᳓णा चिद् अ᳓स्त्रा
त्रिः᳓ सप्त᳓ सा᳓नु सं᳓हिता गिरीणा᳓म्
न᳓ त᳓द् देवो᳓ न᳓ म᳓र्तियस् तुतुर्याद्
या᳓नि प्र᳓वृद्धो वृषभ᳓श् चका᳓र
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अति॑विद्धा विथु॒रेणा॑ चि॒दस्त्रा॒ त्रिः स॒प्त सानु॒ संहि॑ता गिरी॒णाम् ।
न तद्दे॒वो न मर्त्य॑स्तुतुर्या॒द्यानि॒ प्रवृ॑द्धो वृष॒भश्च॒कार॑ ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अ᳓तिविद्धा विथुरे᳓णा चिद् अ᳓स्त्रा
त्रिः᳓ सप्त᳓ सा᳓नु सं᳓हिता गिरीणा᳓म्
न᳓ त᳓द् देवो᳓ न᳓ म᳓र्तियस् तुतुर्याद्
या᳓नि प्र᳓वृद्धो वृषभ᳓श् चका᳓र
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ástrā ← ástar- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
átividdhā ← √vyadh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}
cit ← cit (invariable)
vithuréṇa ← vithurá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
girīṇā́m ← girí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}
sáṁhitā ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}
sā́nu ← sā́nu- ~ snú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
trís ← trís (invariable)
deváḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
mártyaḥ ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
ná ← ná (invariable)
tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
tuturyāt ← √tūr(v)- ~ tur- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
cakā́ra ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
právr̥ddhaḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
vr̥ṣabháḥ ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
yā́ni ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
अति॑ऽविद्धा । वि॒थु॒रेण॑ । चि॒त् । अस्त्रा॑ । त्रिः । स॒प्त । सानु॑ । सम्ऽहि॑ता । गि॒री॒णाम् ।
न । तत् । दे॒वः । न । मर्त्यः॑ । तु॒तु॒र्या॒त् । यानि॑ । प्रऽवृ॑द्धः । वृ॒ष॒भः । च॒कार॑ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- atividdhā ← ativyadh ← √vyadh
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “pierce.”
- vithureṇā ← vithureṇa ← vithura
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “weak.”
- cid ← cit
- [adverb]
- “even; indeed.”
- astrā ← astṛ
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “archer; shot.”
- triḥ ← tris
- [adverb]
- “thrice; tris [word].”
- sapta ← saptan
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “seven; seventh.”
- sānu
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”
- saṃhitā ← saṃdhā ← √dhā
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “connect; refer; aim; grow together; compress; ally; unite; operate on.”
- girīṇām ← giri
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “mountain; adri; rock; giri [word]; hill; śilājatu.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- tad ← tat ← tad
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- devo ← devaḥ ← deva
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- martyas ← martyaḥ ← martya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
- tuturyād ← tuturyāt ← tur
- [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
- yāni ← yad
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- pravṛddho ← pravṛddhaḥ ← pravṛdh ← √vṛdh
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “increase; develop; advance.”
- vṛṣabhaś ← vṛṣabhaḥ ← vṛṣabha
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
- cakāra ← kṛ
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
विथुरेण । वर्णव्यत्ययः । चित् अप्यर्थे । विधुरेणासहायेनापि अस्त्रा। असु क्षेपणे ’ । ताच्छीलिकस्तृन् । शत्रुक्षेपणशीलेनेन्द्रेण । यद्वा । अस्त्रास्त्रेण वज्रेण । त्रिः सप्त एकविंशतिसंख्यानि संहिता संहितान्येकत्र संघीभूतानि गिरीणां सप्तानां पर्वतानां सानु सानूनि अतिविद्धा अतिविद्धानि । अतीत्य ताडितानि । तेन मुक्तो वज्रपातस्तानि भित्त्वागमदित्यर्थः । अत्र तैत्तिरीयकं ब्राह्मणं - दर्भपिञ्जूलमुद्धत्य सप्त गिरीन् भित्वा तमहन्’ (तै. सं. ६. २. ४. ३) इत्यादि । तस्येन्द्रस्य तत् तानि सानुभेदनादीनि कर्माणि देवः इन्द्राद्व्यतिरिक्तो देवः मर्त्यः मनुष्यो वा न तुतुर्यात् न तरेत्। तथा कर्तुं न शक्नोतीत्यर्थः ॥ ‘तॄ प्लवनतरणयोः । लिङि छान्दसः शपः श्लुः। ‘बहुलं छन्दसि’ इत्युत्वम् । यद्वा ।’ तुर त्वरणे’। जौहोत्यादिकः । प्रवृद्धः सोमपानेन बलेन व प्रवृद्धः वृषभः कामानामुदकानां वा वर्षक इन्द्रः यानि कर्माणि चकार कृतवान् तानि देवो मनुष्यो वा न तथा कर्तुं शक्नोतीत्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“By him the thrower, unaided, were pierced asunder the thrice seven table-lands of the mountainheaped together; neither god nor mortal could do what he, the showerer, in his full-grown strength has done.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Pierced asunderthe thrice seven tablelands: the legend in RV 8.8.10
Jamison Brereton
They were pierced through by the archer, though he wavered—the thrice seven backs of the mountains fitted firmly together.
No god nor mortal could surpass this—(the deeds) that the bull, grown strong, performed.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Geldner tr. ávyayam as ‘ohne Einbusse’ (loss), rather than ‘ovine, belonging to sheep’ (contra Grassmann, etc.), presumably because of its initial accent (against the normal accent in avyáya- ‘ovine’). This seems unnecessary. The other occurrence of ávyaya- (IX.86.34) modifies the soma filter and Geldner renders it “aus Schafwolle” without comment. In our passage he is following Sāyaṇa’s vyayarahitam, but vyaya- ‘disappearance, loss, outlay’ is not attested until the epic/Classical language, as far as I know. Furthermore, sheep fit nicely into this equine and bovine context, with the three terms áśvaṃ gā́m bhāgáṃ ávyayam displaying a classic Behagel’s Law configuration. As for the aberrant accent, Debrunner (AiG II.2.213) attributes it to the influence of semantically identical ávya-.
Geldner takes the locative phrase in c with ab, “Welches Ross und Rind du … als Anteil … bestimmt hat für den Opfernden …” Again this seems odd and unnecessary.
The locatives of c are summarized by tásmin in d, and contrast with paṇaú at the end of that pāda. Moreover the middle voice of dadhiṣé in the relative clause contrasts functionally with the act. imperative dhehi in the main clause. First Indra acquires goods for himself, then confers them on others. By placing the recipient in the rel.
clause with the middle verb, Geldner erases this neat voice contrast. Pāda c then seems to represent a heavy preposed NP picked up by initial tásmin in d.
Griffith
The Darter penetrated, though in trouble, thrice-seven close-pressed ridges of the mountains.
Neither might God nor mortal man accomplish what the Strong Hero wrought in full-grown vigour.
Geldner
Der Schütze, obwohl er ohne festen Halt war, hat die dreimal sieben festgefügten Rücken der Berge durch und durch geschossen. Das würde kein Gott oder Sterblicher überbieten, was alles der ausgewachsene Bulle getan hat.
Grassmann
Durchbohrt vom Schützen sind, auch wenn er taumelt, die dreimal sieb’n vereinten Bergesgipfel; Kein Sterblicher, kein Gott vermag zu stören die Werke, die der hohe Stier vollbracht hat.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
03 इन्द्रस्य वज्र - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
इ᳓न्द्रस्य व᳓ज्र आयसो᳓ नि᳓मिश्ल
इ᳓न्द्रस्य बाहुवो᳓र् भू᳓यिष्ठम् ओ᳓जः
शीर्ष᳓न्न् इ᳓न्द्रस्य क्र᳓तवो निरेक᳓
आस᳓न्न् ए᳓षन्त श्रु᳓तिया उपाके᳓
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
इन्द्र॑स्य॒ वज्र॑ आय॒सो निमि॑श्ल॒ इन्द्र॑स्य बा॒ह्वोर्भूयि॑ष्ठ॒मोजः॑ ।
शी॒र्षन्निन्द्र॑स्य॒ क्रत॑वो निरे॒क आ॒सन्नेष॑न्त॒ श्रुत्या॑ उपा॒के ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
इ᳓न्द्रस्य व᳓ज्र आयसो᳓ नि᳓मिश्ल
इ᳓न्द्रस्य बाहुवो᳓र् भू᳓यिष्ठम् ओ᳓जः
शीर्ष᳓न्न् इ᳓न्द्रस्य क्र᳓तवो निरेक᳓
आस᳓न्न् ए᳓षन्त श्रु᳓तिया उपाके᳓
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
āyasáḥ ← āyasá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
nímiślaḥ ← nímiśla- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vájraḥ ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
bāhvóḥ ← bāhú- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:DU}
bhū́yiṣṭham ← bhū́yiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
ójaḥ ← ójas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
índrasya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
krátavaḥ ← krátu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
nireké ← nireká- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
śīrṣán ← śíras- ~ śīrṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
āsán ← āsán- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
īṣanta ← √īṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED, mood:DES}
śrútyai ← √śru- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
upāké ← upāká- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
इन्द्र॑स्य । वज्रः॑ । आ॒य॒सः । निऽमि॑श्लः । इन्द्र॑स्य । बा॒ह्वोः । भूयि॑ष्ठम् । ओजः॑ ।
शी॒र्षन् । इन्द्र॑स्य । क्रत॑वः । नि॒रे॒के । आ॒सन् । आ । ई॒ष॒न्त॒ । श्रुत्यै॑ । उ॒पा॒के ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- indrasya ← indra
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- vajra ← vajraḥ ← vajra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”
- āyaso ← āyasaḥ ← āyasa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “iron; metallic.”
- nimiśla ← nimiślaḥ ← nimiśla
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- indrasya ← indra
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- bāhvor ← bāhvoḥ ← bāhu
- [noun], locative, dual, masculine
- “arm; bāhu [word]; elbow; forefoot.”
- bhūyiṣṭham ← bhūyiṣṭha
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “prevailing; most(a); chief(a); devoted(p).”
- ojaḥ ← ojas
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”
- śīrṣann ← śīrṣan
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “head; śīrṣan [word].”
- indrasya ← indra
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- kratavo ← kratavaḥ ← kratu
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
- nireka ← nireke ← nireka
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- āsann ← āsan
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “mouth.”
- eṣanta ← _ ← √_
- [?]
- “_”
- śrutyā ← śrutyai ← śruti
- [noun], dative, singular, feminine
- “Veda; rule; ear; proverb; legend; hearing; news; sacred text.”
- upāke ← upāka
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
सायण-भाष्यम्
उक्तगुणस्य इन्द्रस्य वज्र आयसः अयसा निर्मितः । अयोमय इत्यर्थः। स वज्रः इन्द्रेण स्वहस्ते निमिश्लः संमिश्रः अत्यन्तं संबद्धः कृतः । अत एव इन्द्रस्य बाह्वोः भुजयोः भूयिष्ठं बहुतमम् ओजः वीर्यमस्ति । तथा निरेके। निपूर्वाद्रिच्यतेर्वा निस्पूर्वादेतेर्वेति संदेहादनवग्रहः । निर्गमने यदा युद्धार्थमिन्द्रो निर्गच्छति तदानीम् इन्द्रस्य शीर्षन् शिरसि क्रतवः कर्माणि शिरस्त्राणनिधानादीनि । यद्वा । शिर इति गलप्रभृत्यूर्ध्वमङ्गमुच्यते । तत्रत्याभ्यामक्षिभ्यां दर्शनप्रेरणादीनि कर्माणि भवन्ति । तथा आसन् । आस्यस्यासन्नादेशः । आस्ये च यानि कर्माणि युद्धार्थं वाजिनो गजान् संनाहयतेत्यादीनि भवन्ति । किंच श्रुत्यै संग्रामाय निर्गच्छतोऽनुशासित इन्द्रस्य वाक्यश्रवणार्थं सर्वं उपजीविनो भृत्याः उपाके अन्तिके एषन्त । अयमिन्द्रोऽस्मान् कुत्र कुत्र कार्ये नियोक्ष्यतीत्येतेन मनसा तदन्तिके समन्तादागच्छन्ति । ईष गतिहिंसादर्शनेषु’ । भौवादिकः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Indra’s iron thunderbolt is grasped firmly in his hand, enormous strength resides in his arms; when hegoes forth (to battle), there is ample employment for his head and his mouth, and (his followers) rush near him tohear his commands.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Ample employment for his head and his mouth: i.e. his head is employed in fitting thehelmet, etc., and his eyes in seeking the enemy; and the mouth issues its various orders
Jamison Brereton
The metal mace is an appendage of Indra; greatest power is in the two arms of Indra.
The intentions of Indra are in his head exclusively; into his mouth they rush en masse, to (become speech) worthy to be heard.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Note the doubling of pres. sásti ‘sleeps’ with the adverbial gerund anuṣvā́pam. In Jamison 1982/83 I argue that the gerund is used here because the poet wanted to use a pres. tense of √svap but didn’t really know one, since the various presents to this root are secondary and to some extent improvisational.
The end of the verse … dhehi táṃ tátaḥ with its two final pronominals is striking, but clearly constructed as the mirror image of 2d tásminn táṃ dhehi. The good sacrificer of 2cd is contrasted with the godless, vowless man of 3, and it may not be entirely fanciful to suggest that the unusual word order — tá-forms ordinarily occurring at the beginning of clauses — is a syntactic expression of his perverse nature.
Griffith
The mightiest force is Indra’s bolt of iron when firmly grasped in both the arms of Indra.
His head and mouth have powers that pass all others, and all his people hasten near to listen.
Geldner
Dem Indra ist die eherne Keule anhänglich, in Indra´s Armen ist die meiste Stärke. Ausschließlich in Indra´s Haupt sind die Gedanken. An seinen Mund rücken sie dicht heran, um seinen Worten zu lauschen.
Grassmann
Des Indra Blitz, der eherne, er schmiegt sich an Indra’s Arme, und die höchste Stärke; In Indra’s Haupt ist Weisheit, ihm zu eigen, zum Munde drangen ein die schönen Tränke.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
04 मन्ये त्वा - विराट्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
म᳓न्ये त्वा यज्ञि᳓यं यज्ञि᳓यानाम्
म᳓न्ये त्वा च्य᳓वनम् अ᳓च्युतानाम्
म᳓न्ये त्वा स᳓त्वनाम् इन्द्र केतु᳓म्
म᳓न्ये त्वा वृषभं᳓ चर्षणीना᳓म्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
मन्ये॑ त्वा य॒ज्ञियं॑ य॒ज्ञिया॑नां॒ मन्ये॑ त्वा॒ च्यव॑न॒मच्यु॑तानाम् ।
मन्ये॑ त्वा॒ सत्व॑नामिन्द्र के॒तुं मन्ये॑ त्वा वृष॒भं च॑र्षणी॒नाम् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - विराट्
Thomson & Solcum
म᳓न्ये त्वा यज्ञि᳓यं यज्ञि᳓यानाम्
म᳓न्ये त्वा च्य᳓वनम् अ᳓च्युतानाम्
म᳓न्ये त्वा स᳓त्वनाम् इन्द्र केतु᳓म्
म᳓न्ये त्वा वृषभं᳓ चर्षणीना᳓म्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
mánye ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
yajñíyam ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
yajñíyānām ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}
ácyutānām ← ácyuta- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:PL}
cyávanam ← cyávana- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
mánye ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ketúm ← ketú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
mánye ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
sátvanām ← sátvan- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
carṣaṇīnā́m ← carṣaṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}
mánye ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
vr̥ṣabhám ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
मन्ये॑ । त्वा॒ । य॒ज्ञिय॑म् । य॒ज्ञिया॑नाम् । मन्ये॑ । त्वा॒ । च्यव॑नम् । अच्यु॑तानाम् ।
मन्ये॑ । त्वा॒ । सत्व॑नाम् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । के॒तुम् । मन्ये॑ । त्वा॒ । वृ॒ष॒भम् । च॒र्ष॒णी॒नाम् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- manye ← man
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- yajñiyaṃ ← yajñiyam ← yajñiya
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”
- yajñiyānām ← yajñiya
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”
- manye ← man
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- cyavanam ← cyavana
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- acyutānām ← a
- [adverb]
- “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
- acyutānām ← cyutānām ← cyu
- [verb noun], genitive, plural
- “fall down; issue; shoot; ejaculate; deviate; banish; drop; dislodge; miss; deprive.”
- manye ← man
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- satvanām ← satvan
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “warrior.”
- indra
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- ketum ← ketu
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”
- manye ← man
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- vṛṣabhaṃ ← vṛṣabham ← vṛṣabha
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
- carṣaṇīnām ← carṣaṇi
- [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
- “people.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
एतदादयः प्रत्यक्षाः । हे इन्द्र त्वा त्वां यज्ञियानां यज्ञार्हाणां देवानामपि यज्ञियं पुरस्तादेव यज्ञार्हमिति मन्ये अवबुध्ये। तथा त्वा त्वाम् अच्युतानां च्युतिरहितानामपि पर्वतानां च्यवनं च्यावयितारं वज्रेण विभेदकमिति मन्ये जानामि । यद्वा । अच्युतानां बलेन च्यावयितुमशक्यानां बलिनां वीराणामपि स्वबलेन विद्रावयितारमिति’ जाने । किंच हे इन्द्र सत्वनाम्। ‘षण संभक्तौ’। क्वनिप् । संभजमानानां भटानां केतुम् उच्छ्रितमिति मन्ये । यद्वा । सत्वनां स्तुतिभिः हविर्भिर्वा संभक्तॄणां यष्टॄणां केतुमात्मनः प्रज्ञापकं तेषां पूजनीयमिति वा मन्ये । तथा त्वा त्वां चर्षणीनां मनुष्याणां वृषभम् अभिमतफलवर्षकमिति मन्ये जानामि ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“I think you the most worthy among those worthy of sacrifice; I think you the overthrower of theimperishable (mountains); I think you, Indra, the banner of warriors; I think you the showerer (of blessings) tomen.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Of the imperishable mountains: of the heroes not to be overthrown; banner of warriors: the manifester ofthyself to your worshippers
Jamison Brereton
I consider you the most worthy of the sacrifice of those worthy of the sacrifice; I consider you the stirrer of the unstirrable;
I consider you the beacon of warriors, Indra; I consider you the bull of the settled domains.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Following Geldner I take keśíbhiḥ “hairy-maned (horses)” as an appositional simile with gīrbhíḥ: the hymns serve as the team that brings Indra to us along “heaven’s way.” This latter form, dyugát ‘heaven-going’ vel sim., is extensively discussed by Scarlatta (106-7), who ultimately concludes that it is “unklar,” though he favors taking it as a nom. sg. modifying the soma presser (sutā́vān). This seems odd: the somapresser is the one element in this verse who is likely to stay put. I take it, with Grassmann and (implicitly) Oldenberg, as adverbial, referring to the movement of the hymns, as metaphorical horses, through heaven. In his note Geldner endorses Sāyaṇa’s interpretation of it is a shortening of dyugádbhiḥ, which (as Wolff’s suggestion) Oldenberg dismisses without argument. This explanation by truncation certainly does not seem necessary, since a neuter adverb works well enough.
Griffith
1 count thee as the Holiest of the Holy, the caster-down of what hath ne’er been shaken.
I count thee as the Banner of the heroes, I count thee as the Chief of all men living.
Geldner
Ich halte dich für den Opferwürdigen unter den Opferwürdigen, ich halte dich für den Erschütterer der Unerschütterlichen. Ich halte dich, Indra, für das Banner der Krieger, Ich halte dich für den Bullen der Völker.
Grassmann
Dich halt’ ich für den Heiligen der Heil’gen, für den Beweger dich des Unbewegten; Dich halt’ ich, Indra, für das wahre Banner, dich für den Herrscher aller Menschenstämme.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- पङ्क्तिः
- पञ्चमः
05 आ यद्वज्रम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
आ᳓ य᳓द् व᳓ज्रम् बाहुवो᳓र् इन्द्र ध᳓त्से
मदच्यु᳓तम् अ᳓हये ह᳓न्तवा᳓ उ
प्र᳓ प᳓र्वता अ᳓नवन्त प्र᳓ गा᳓वः
प्र᳓ ब्रह्मा᳓णो अभिन᳓क्षन्त इ᳓न्द्रम्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
आ यद्वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोरि॑न्द्र॒ धत्से॑ मद॒च्युत॒मह॑ये॒ हन्त॒वा उ॑ ।
प्र पर्व॑ता॒ अन॑वन्त॒ प्र गावः॒ प्र ब्र॒ह्माणो॑ अभि॒नक्ष॑न्त॒ इन्द्र॑म् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
आ᳓ य᳓द् व᳓ज्रम् बाहुवो᳓र् इन्द्र ध᳓त्से
मदच्यु᳓तम् अ᳓हये ह᳓न्तवा᳓ उ
प्र᳓ प᳓र्वता अ᳓नवन्त प्र᳓ गा᳓वः
प्र᳓ ब्रह्मा᳓णो अभिन᳓क्षन्त इ᳓न्द्रम्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
bāhvóḥ ← bāhú- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:DU}
dhátse ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
vájram ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
áhaye ← áhi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
hántavaí ← √han- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
madacyútam ← madacyút- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
u ← u (invariable)
ánavanta ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}
gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
párvatāḥ ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
prá ← prá (invariable)
prá ← prá (invariable)
abhinákṣantaḥ ← √nakṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
brahmā́ṇaḥ ← brahmán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
prá ← prá (invariable)
पद-पाठः
आ । यत् । वज्र॑म् । बा॒ह्वोः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । धत्से॑ । म॒द॒ऽच्युत॑म् । अह॑ये । हन्त॒वै । ऊं॒ इति॑ ।
प्र । पर्व॑ताः । अन॑वन्त । प्र । गावः॑ । प्र । ब्र॒ह्माणः॑ । अ॒भि॒ऽनक्ष॑न्तः । इन्द्र॑म् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- ā
- [adverb]
- “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- vajram ← vajra
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”
- bāhvor ← bāhvoḥ ← bāhu
- [noun], locative, dual, masculine
- “arm; bāhu [word]; elbow; forefoot.”
- indra
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- dhatse ← dhā
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
- madacyutam ← mada
- [noun], masculine
- “drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”
- madacyutam ← cyutam ← cyut
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “shaking; dropping.”
- ahaye ← ahi
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”
- hantavā ← hantavai ← han
- [verb noun]
- “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
- u
- [adverb]
- “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- parvatā ← parvatāḥ ← parvata
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”
- anavanta ← nū
- [verb], plural, Imperfect
- “praise; shout.”
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- gāvaḥ ← go
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- brahmāṇo ← brahmāṇaḥ ← brahman
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Brahma; Brahmin; dhak; Brahman; brahman [word]; Brahman; Brahmin; Brahmapurāṇa; Vishnu; Brihaspati.”
- abhinakṣanta ← abhinakṣantaḥ ← abhinakṣ ← √nakṣ
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “approach.”
- indram ← indra
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे इन्द्र बाह्वोः वज्रम् आयुधम् । कीदृशम् । मदच्युतं शत्रूणां मदस्य च्यावयितारं यत् यदा आ धत्से आदधासि । किमर्थम् । अहये अहिनामानमसुरं मेघं वा हन्तवै । उ इत्यवधारणे । हन्तुमेव । किंच यदा वेन्द्रेणाहिनामकेऽसुरे हते सति पर्वताः जगदापूरका मेघाः प्र अनवन्त । ‘नु शब्दे । प्रकर्षेणाशब्दयन् । यदा वा गावः तत्स्थान्युदकानि च प्रकर्षेण ध्वनिमकुर्वन् । उदकान्यध्वनयन्नित्यत्र याजुषो निगमः- ‘ यददः संप्रयतीरहावनदता हते तस्मादा नद्यो नाम स्थ’ (तै. सं. ५. ६. १. २; अ. सं. ३. १३. १ ) इति । तुरीयः पादः परोक्षः । तदानीम् अभिनक्षन्तः अभित इन्द्रं स्तुतिभिर्हविर्भिर्गच्छन्तः ब्रह्माणः ब्राह्मणाः इन्द्रं पर्यचरन् । यद्वा । ब्रह्माणः । ‘ बृह वृद्धौ’। प्रवृद्धाः पर्वतादय इन्द्रमस्तुवन्निति ॥ ॥ ३२ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“When, Indra, you grasp in your arms your pride humbling thunderbolt to smite Ahi, when the mountainclouds loudly roar and the cows loudly bellow, then the brāhmaṇas offer their worship to Indra.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Cows: cowsare the waters pent within the clouds;
Brāhmaṇas = the mountains
Jamison Brereton
When, o Indra, in your two arms you took the mace stirred by
exhilaration, to smite the serpent,
the mountains bellowed forth, and forth the cows, forth the formulators [=Maruts] approaching Indra.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The verbal counterpart to 2nd sg. dhatsé in the relative cl. (ab) is augmented ánavanta in the main clause (cd). I would therefore prefer to take dhatsé as a medial, preterital perfect, rather than as a present. Grassmann and Lu identify it as present, Geldner translates it as one, and Kümmel (p. 275) explicitly claims that -i-liaison forms belong to the perfect, while those without the -i- are presents. Nonetheless, I think we can interpret dhatsé, the only such 2nd sg., as a perfect, next to very common dadhiṣé, esp. as only this form would fit in a Triṣṭubh cadence.
The accent on main-clause ánavanta must result from its membership in the repeated prá subclauses.
I take the formulators in d as the Maruts; Geldner suggests either Aṅgirases or Maruts. Since the next tṛca (vss. 7-9) clearly contains the 1st ps. speech of the Maruts, and the next verse (6) has 1st ps. speech that can reasonably attributed to the Maruts, their introduction here would not be surprising.
Griffith
What time, O Indra, in thine arms thou tookest thy wildly rushing bolt to Slay the Dragon,
The mountains roared, the cattle loudly bellowed, the Brahmans with their hymns drew nigh to Indra.
Geldner
Wenn du, Indra, die Keule in die Arme nimmst, die rauscherregte, um den Drachen zu erschlagen, da schrieen die Berge auf, die Kühe, die Hohenpriester, zu Indra kommend:
Grassmann
Als, Indra, du den Blitz in deinen Arm nahmst, den ungestümen, zu der Schlang’ Erlegung, Da jauchzten laut die Berge, laut die Kühe, und laut die Beter, zu dem Indra dringend.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
06 तमु ष्थवाम - त्रिष्टुप्
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त᳓म् उ ष्टवाम य᳓ इमा᳓ जजा᳓न
वि᳓श्वा जाता᳓नि अ᳓वराणि अस्मात्
इ᳓न्द्रेण मित्रं᳓ दिधिषेम गीर्भि᳓र्
उ᳓पो न᳓मोभिर् वृषभं᳓ विशेम
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
तमु॑ ष्टवाम॒ य इ॒मा ज॒जान॒ विश्वा॑ जा॒तान्यव॑राण्यस्मात् ।
इन्द्रे॑ण मि॒त्रं दि॑धिषेम गी॒र्भिरुपो॒ नमो॑भिर्वृष॒भं वि॑शेम ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
त᳓म् उ ष्टवाम य᳓ इमा᳓ जजा᳓न
वि᳓श्वा जाता᳓नि अ᳓वराणि अस्मात्
इ᳓न्द्रेण मित्रं᳓ दिधिषेम गीर्भि᳓र्
उ᳓पो न᳓मोभिर् वृषभं᳓ विशेम
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
imā́ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
jajā́na ← √janⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
stavāma ← √stu- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
u ← u (invariable)
yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
asmāt ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}
ávarāṇi ← ávara- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
jātā́ni ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}
víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
didhiṣema ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}
gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}
índreṇa ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
mitrám ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
námobhiḥ ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}
u ← u (invariable)
úpa ← úpa (invariable)
viśema ← √viś- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
vr̥ṣabhám ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
तम् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । स्त॒वा॒म॒ । यः । इ॒मा । ज॒जान॑ । विश्वा॑ । जा॒तानि॑ । अव॑राणि । अ॒स्मा॒त् ।
इन्द्रे॑ण । मि॒त्रम् । दि॒धि॒षे॒म॒ । गीः॒ऽभिः । उपो॒ इति॑ । नमः॑ऽभिः । वृ॒ष॒भम् । वि॒शे॒म॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tam ← tad
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- u
- [adverb]
- “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
- ṣṭavāma ← stavāma ← stu
- [verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “laud; praise; declare; stu.”
- ya ← yaḥ ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- imā ← idam
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- jajāna ← jan
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
- viśvā ← viśva
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- jātāny ← jātāni ← jāta
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “kind; object; descendant; kin; being; reincarnation.”
- avarāṇy ← avarāṇi ← avara
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “worst; avara [word]; lower; nearer; base; short; low; abject; later(a); worse; antecedent.”
- asmāt ← idam
- [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- indreṇa ← indra
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- mitraṃ ← mitram ← mitra
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “friendship.”
- didhiṣema ← didhiṣ ← √dhā
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
- [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
- “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”
- upo ← upa
- [adverb]
- “towards; on; next.”
- upo ← u
- [adverb]
- “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
- namobhir ← namobhiḥ ← namas
- [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
- “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”
- vṛṣabhaṃ ← vṛṣabham ← vṛṣabha
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
- viśema ← viś
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- “enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
परस्परं स्तोतार आहुः । तमु तमेवेन्द्रं वयं संहत्य स्तवाम स्तोत्रं करवाम । यः इन्द्रः इमा इमानि भूतानि जजान जनयामास । तस्मात् अस्मात् इन्द्रादेव विश्वा विश्वानि सर्वाणि वस्तुजातानि सर्वाणि जगन्ति वा अवराणि अवरकालीनानि पश्चाद्भवानि भवन्ति । तेनानेन इन्द्रेण वयं गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः मित्रम् । लुप्तभावप्रत्ययेन निर्देशः । मैत्रीं दिधिषेम धारयेम । ‘धिष धारणे इति धातुं केचिद्वदन्ति । यद्वा । मित्रम् । छान्दसमेकवचनम् । वयमिन्द्रेण सह मित्राणि सुहृदो भवामेति गीर्भिरिन्द्रं शब्दयेम । ‘ धिष शब्दे । जौहोत्यादिकः । अत्र व्यत्ययेन द्विविकरणता श्लुश्च शश्च। ततः नमोभिः क्रियमाणैर्नमस्कारैर्दीयमानैर्हविर्भिर्वा वृषभं कामानां वर्षकमिन्द्रम् उपो विशेम अस्मदभिमुखमेव कुर्याम ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Let us praise that Indra who produced all the things, to him all beings are subsequent; may we maintainfriendship with Indra by our hymns, let us bring the showerer (of blessings) near us by our praises.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
May wemaintain friendship: mitram = maitrīm; let us say by our hymns, may we be friends with Indra
Jamison Brereton
[Maruts:] “Let us praise him, who begat all these creatures here
below him.
We would like to establish an alliance with Indra with our hymns; we would come near the bull with reverences.”
Jamison Brereton Notes
Geldner (so also Grassmann) takes ávarāṇy asmāt as temporal: “die nach ihm kommen,” whereas I interpret it spatially. Though “later than him” is possible, it seems pleonastic+++(=redundant)+++, in that if Indra begat them, they would have to be later than him. The idea is rather that they exist here on earth, below him,, and also that he begot them as subordinates. Cf. vrjánem ̥ ā́varāṇi “these communities here below” (IX.96.7) and bándhūm̐r imā́m̐ávarān “these bonds here below” (IX.97.17), which both seem spatial, not temporal, also.
Griffith
Let us praise him who made these worlds and creatures, all things that after him sprang into being.
May we win Mitra with our songs, and Indra, and. wait upon our Lord with adoration.
Geldner
Ihn wollen wir preisen, der alle diese Geschöpfe erzeugt hat, die nach ihm kommen. Mit Indra möchten wir Freundschaft schließen durch Lobesworte; wir wollen uns unter Verbeugungen zu dem Bullen setzen.
Grassmann
Ihn lasst uns preisen, welcher diese Wesen zusammt erschuf, die nach ihm sind entsprossen, Mit Indra lasst den Mitra uns verehren, mit Liedern uns in Demuth nah’n dem Helden.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
07 वृत्रस्य त्वा - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
वृत्र᳓स्य त्वा श्वस᳓थाद् ई᳓षमाणा
वि᳓श्वे देवा᳓ अजहुर् ये᳓ स᳓खायः
मरु᳓द्भिर् इन्द्र सखियं᳓ ते अस्तु
अ᳓थेमा᳓ वि᳓श्वाः पृ᳓तना जयासि
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
वृ॒त्रस्य॑ त्वा श्व॒सथा॒दीष॑माणा॒ विश्वे॑ दे॒वा अ॑जहु॒र्ये सखा॑यः ।
म॒रुद्भि॑रिन्द्र स॒ख्यं ते॑ अ॒स्त्वथे॒मा विश्वाः॒ पृत॑ना जयासि ॥
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अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
वृत्र᳓स्य त्वा श्वस᳓थाद् ई᳓षमाणा
वि᳓श्वे देवा᳓ अजहुर् ये᳓ स᳓खायः
मरु᳓द्भिर् इन्द्र सखियं᳓ ते अस्तु
अ᳓थेमा᳓ वि᳓श्वाः पृ᳓तना जयासि
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ī́ṣamāṇāḥ ← √īṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED, mood:DES}
śvasáthāt ← śvasátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
vr̥trásya ← vr̥trá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
ajahuḥ ← √hā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
devā́ḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
sákhāyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
víśve ← víśva- (nominal stem)
yé ← yá- (pronoun)
astu ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
marúdbhiḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
sakhyám ← sakhyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
átha ← átha (invariable)
imā́ḥ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
jayāsi ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
pŕ̥tanāḥ ← pŕ̥tanā- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
víśvāḥ ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
वृ॒त्रस्य॑ । त्वा॒ । श्व॒सथा॑त् । ईष॑माणाः । विश्वे॑ । दे॒वाः । अ॒ज॒हुः॒ । ये । सखा॑यः ।
म॒रुत्ऽभिः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । स॒ख्यम् । ते॒ । अ॒स्तु॒ । अथ॑ । इ॒माः । विश्वाः॑ । पृत॑नाः । ज॒या॒सि॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- vṛtrasya ← vṛtra
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- śvasathād ← śvasathāt ← śvasatha
- [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
- īṣamāṇā ← īṣamāṇāḥ ← īṣ
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- viśve ← viśva
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- devā ← devāḥ ← deva
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- ajahur ← ajahuḥ ← hā
- [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
- “abandon; decrease; want; kill; deteriorate; get rid of; exclude; lose; avoid; remove; leave; abandon; neglect; leave; discard; apostatize; discontinue; weaken; abandon; assail; subtract; foreswear; pour away; withdraw; depart; reduce.”
- ye ← yad
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- sakhāyaḥ ← sakhi
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
- marudbhir ← marudbhiḥ ← marut
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”
- indra
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- sakhyaṃ ← sakhyam ← sakhya
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “friendship; aid; company.”
- te ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, singular
- “you.”
- astv ← astu ← as
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
- athemā ← atha
- [adverb]
- “now; then; furthermore; now; then.”
- athemā ← imāḥ ← idam
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- viśvāḥ ← viśva
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- pṛtanā ← pṛtanāḥ ← pṛtanā
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”
- jayāsi ← ji
- [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे इन्द्र तव ये विश्वे देवाः प्राक् सखायः संग्रामे सखित्वं कुर्यामेति’ मित्राण्यभवन ते सर्वे देवाः वृत्रस्य वृत्रासुरस्य श्वसथात् । श्वसेरौणादिकोऽथप्रत्ययः । सर्वानागच्छतो दृष्ट्वा तेषां भीत्युत्पादनाय वृत्रासुरः श्वासमकार्षीत् । श्वासाद्भीताः सन्तः अत एव ईषमाणाः सर्वतः पलायमानाः “त्वा त्वाम् अजहुः संग्रामे त्यक्तवन्तः । एवं सति हे इन्द्र मरुद्भिः सह सख्यं सखिभावः ते तव अस्तु । ये मरुतस्त्वां न परित्यजन्ति तैः सहेति । अथ अनन्तरम् इमाः विश्वाः पृतनाः शत्रुसेनाः जयासि स्वबलेनाभिभवसि । अनेन वृत्रं घ्नन्तमिन्द्रमाह । अत्र ‘इन्द्रो वै वृत्रं हनिष्यन्’ (ऐ. ब्रा. ३. २०) इत्यादि ब्राह्मणमनुसंधेयम् ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“All the gods who were your friends forsook you, flying away at the snorting of Vṛtra; O Indra, let therebe friendship to you with the Maruts; then do you conquer all these hostile armies.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Friendshi: (AitareyaBrāhmaṇa 3.20): The Maruts alone did not leave him
Jamison Brereton
[Maruts:] “Shrinking from the hissing of Vr̥tra, all the gods who were your partners deserted you.
Let your partnership be with the Maruts, Indra. Then you will win all these battles here.”
Jamison Brereton Notes
I have chosen to read the impv. bhávā in b with the two small clauses in c as well, though it is certainly possible to interpret those with Geldner as straight indicative nominal clauses: “you (are) there with help …; you (are) friendship …”
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Jamison Brereton Notes
The da capo-like structure of the verses in this tṛca, with the first pāda repeated verbatim as the last one, is quite unusual.
Griffith
Flying in terror from the snort of Vrtra, all Deities who were thy friends forsook thee.
So, Indra, be thy friendship with the Maruts: in all these battles thou shalt be the victor.
Geldner
Vor dem Schnauben des Vritra weichend verließen dich alle Götter, deine Kameraden. Mit den Marut sollst du Freundschaft halten, Indra, dann wirst du alle diese Kämpfe siegreich bestehen.
Grassmann
Vor Vritra’s Schnaufen fliehend hatten alle verbundnen Götter, Indra, dich verlassen, Du mögest mit den Maruts dich verbünden, dann wirst du diese Feinde all’ besiegen.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
08 त्रिः षष्थिस्त्वा - त्रिष्टुप्
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त्रिः᳓ षष्टि᳓स् त्वा मरु᳓तो वावृधाना᳓
उस्रा᳓ इव राश᳓यो यज्ञि᳓यासः
उ᳓प त्वे᳓मः कृधि᳓ नो भागधे᳓यं
शु᳓ष्मं त एना᳓ हवि᳓षा विधेम
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्रिः ष॒ष्टिस्त्वा॑ म॒रुतो॑ वावृधा॒ना उ॒स्रा इ॑व रा॒शयो॑ य॒ज्ञिया॑सः ।
उप॒ त्वेमः॑ कृ॒धि नो॑ भाग॒धेयं॒ शुष्मं॑ त ए॒ना ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
त्रिः᳓ षष्टि᳓स् त्वा मरु᳓तो वावृधाना᳓
उस्रा᳓ इव राश᳓यो यज्ञि᳓यासः
उ᳓प त्वे᳓मः कृधि᳓ नो भागधे᳓यं
शु᳓ष्मं त एना᳓ हवि᳓षा विधेम
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
marútaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ṣaṣṭíḥ ← ṣaṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}
trís ← trís (invariable)
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
vāvr̥dhānā́ḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
iva ← iva (invariable)
rāśáyaḥ ← rāśí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
usrā́ḥ ← usrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
yajñíyāsaḥ ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
bhāgadhéyam ← bhāgadhéya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
imaḥ ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
kr̥dhí ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
úpa ← úpa (invariable)
enā́ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
havíṣā ← havís- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
śúṣmam ← śúṣma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
vidhema ← √vidh- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
त्रिः । ष॒ष्टिः । त्वा॒ । म॒रुतः॑ । व॒वृ॒धा॒नाः । उ॒स्राःऽइ॑व । रा॒शयः॑ । य॒ज्ञिया॑सः ।
उप॑ । त्वा॒ । आ । इ॒मः॒ । कृ॒धि । नः॒ । भा॒ग॒ऽधेय॑म् । शुष्म॑म् । ते॒ । ए॒ना । ह॒विषा॑ । वि॒धे॒म॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- triḥ ← tris
- [adverb]
- “thrice; tris [word].”
- ṣaṣṭis ← ṣaṣṭiḥ ← ṣaṣṭi
- [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
- “sixty; sixtieth; ṣaṣṭi [word].”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”
- vāvṛdhānā ← vāvṛdhānāḥ ← vṛdh
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”
- usrā ← usrāḥ ← usrā
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “cow; dawn.”
- iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- rāśayo ← rāśayaḥ ← rāśi
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “pile; quantity; sign of the zodiac; mass.”
- yajñiyāsaḥ ← yajñiya
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”
- upa
- [adverb]
- “towards; on; next.”
- tvemaḥ ← tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- tvemaḥ ← imaḥ ← i
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
- kṛdhi ← kṛ
- [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
- “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
- no ← naḥ ← mad
- [noun], dative, plural
- “I; mine.”
- bhāgadheyaṃ ← bhāgadheyam ← bhāgadheya
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “parcel; bhāgadheya [word]; Destiny; destiny.”
- śuṣmaṃ ← śuṣmam ← śuṣma
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”
- ta ← te ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, singular
- “you.”
- enā ← idam
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- haviṣā ← havis
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”
- vidhema ← vidh
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- “worship; offer.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
प्रसङ्गादेतावन्तो मरुतः सहाया अभवन्नित्याह। हे इन्द्र त्रिः त्रयः । जसः ‘सुपां सुलुक्’ इति सुः । षष्टित्र्युत्तरसंख्याका मरुतः । ते च तैत्तिरीयके ‘ईदृङ्चान्यादृङ्च’ (तै. सं. ४. ६.५. ५) इत्यादिना नवसु गणेषु सप्त सप्त प्रतिपादिताः। तत्रादितः पञ्च गणाः संहितायामाम्नायन्ते । स्वतवांश्च प्रघासी च सांतपनश्च गृहमेधी च क्रीडी च शाकी चोज्जेषी ’ ( वा. सं. १७. ८५) इति खैलिकः षष्ठो गणः । ततो ‘धुनिश्च ध्वान्तश्च’ (तै. आ. ४. २४) इत्याद्यास्त्रयोऽरण्येऽनुवाक्याः । इत्थं त्रयःषष्टिसंख्याकाः उस्राइव राशयः गाव इव संघीभूतास्ते त्वां वावृधानाः स्वबलेन वर्धितवन्तः । ते मरुतः यज्ञियासः यज्ञार्हा अभवन् । तं मरुत्सहायमिन्द्रं त्वा त्वां वयम् एमः उपगच्छामः । ततस्त्वं नः अस्मभ्यं भागधेयं भजनीयं धनं कृधि कुरु । पश्चाद्वयमपि एना एनेन सोमलक्षणेन हविषा ते तुभ्यं शुष्मं शत्रूणां शोषकं बलं विधेम । ‘विध विधाने’। विदध्म । कुर्म इत्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“These sixty-three Maruts were worthy of sacrifice nourishing your vigour like cows gathered together;we come to you, do you grant us our portion; so will we produce strength in you by this offering.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Thesesixty-three Maruts: triḥ śaṣṭiḥ = thrice sixty; or, sixty-three; these were the nine companies of the Maruts, eachcomposed of seven. Śukla Yajus. 17.81-86 enumerates six companies of seven each; Taittirīya Saṃhitā1.5.11: saptagaṇā vai Marutāḥ; another gaṇa is to be sought in another śākhā; or in a khila; cf. TaittirīyaĀraṇyaka 4.24.25 for three gaṇas
Jamison Brereton
[Maruts:] “We, the thrice sixty Maruts, having increased you as ruddy throngs [=herds of cattle] increase, are deserving of the sacrifice.
We reverently approach you. Make a share for us. We would honor
your unbridled force with this oblation.”
Jamison Brereton Notes
Although the med. pf. of √vṛdh is ordinarily intransitive or reflexive, vāvṛdhānā́ḥ is here best interpreted as transitive in the frame (“increasing you,” with tvā in a as obj.) but intransitive in the simile (“as ruddy throngs increase,” with the nominative NP usrā́iva rāśáyaḥ). See X.78.8 for a similar example of case disharmony.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
The da capo-like structure of the verses in this tṛca, with the first pāda repeated verbatim as the last one, is quite unusual.
Griffith
Thrice-sixty Maruts, waxing strong, were with thee, like piles of beaming light, worthy of worship.
We come to thee: grant us a happy portion. Let us adore thy might with this oblation.
Geldner
Zu dir kommen wir dreiundsechzig Marut wie die Kuhherden zunehmend, wir Opferwürdige nahen dir. Bestimme uns einen Anteil; wir wollen deinem Mut mit diesem Opfer huldigen.
Grassmann
Dir folgen dreimal sechzig starke Maruts, ehrwürdige, wie morgendliche Sterne; Wir gehn dich an, o schenk uns Glückesgabe, wir huld’gen deiner Kraft mit diesem Opfer.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
09 तिग्ममायुधं मरुतामनीकम् - त्रिष्टुप्
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तिग्म᳓म् आ᳓युधम् मरु᳓ताम् अ᳓नीकं
क᳓स् त इन्द्र प्र᳓ति व᳓ज्रं दधर्ष
अनायुधा᳓सो अ᳓सुरा अदेवा᳓श्
चक्रे᳓ण ताँ᳓ अ᳓प वप ऋजीषिन्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
ति॒ग्ममायु॑धं म॒रुता॒मनी॑कं॒ कस्त॑ इन्द्र॒ प्रति॒ वज्रं॑ दधर्ष ।
अ॒ना॒यु॒धासो॒ असु॑रा अदे॒वाश्च॒क्रेण॒ ताँ अप॑ वप ऋजीषिन् ॥
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अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तिग्म᳓म् आ᳓युधम् मरु᳓ताम् अ᳓नीकं
क᳓स् त इन्द्र प्र᳓ति व᳓ज्रं दधर्ष
अनायुधा᳓सो अ᳓सुरा अदेवा᳓श्
चक्रे᳓ण ताँ᳓ अ᳓प वप ऋजीषिन्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ánīkam ← ánīka- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ā́yudham ← ā́yudha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
marútām ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}
tigmám ← tigmá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
dadharṣa ← √dhr̥ṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
káḥ ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
práti ← práti (invariable)
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
vájram ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
adevā́ḥ ← ádeva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
anāyudhā́saḥ ← anāyudhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ásurāḥ ← ásura- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ápa ← ápa (invariable)
cakréṇa ← cakrá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
r̥jīṣin ← r̥jīṣín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
tā́n ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
vapa ← √vap- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
ति॒ग्मम् । आयु॑धम् । म॒रुता॑म् । अनी॑कम् । कः । ते॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । प्रति॑ । वज्र॑म् । द॒ध॒र्ष॒ ।
अ॒ना॒यु॒धासः॑ । असु॑राः । अ॒दे॒वाः । च॒क्रेण॑ । तान् । अप॑ । व॒प॒ । ऋ॒जी॒षि॒न् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tigmam ← tigma
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “sharp; pointed; fiery.”
- āyudham ← āyudha
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “weapon; āyudha [word].”
- marutām ← marut
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”
- anīkaṃ ← anīkam ← anīka
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “army; face; battalion; battlefront; point; appearance.”
- kas ← kaḥ ← ka
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “what; who; ka [pronoun].”
- ta ← te ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, singular
- “you.”
- indra
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- prati
- [adverb]
- “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”
- vajraṃ ← vajram ← vajra
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”
- dadharṣa ← dhṛṣ
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “dare; attack.”
- anāyudhāso ← an
- [adverb]
- “not.”
- anāyudhāso ← āyudhāsaḥ ← āyudha
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “weapon; āyudha [word].”
- asurā ← asurāḥ ← asura
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Asura; lord; asura [word]; sulfur.”
- adevāś ← a
- [adverb]
- “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
- adevāś ← devāḥ ← deva
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- cakreṇa ← cakra
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”
- tāṃ ← tad
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- apa
- [adverb]
- “away.”
- vapa ← vap
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “sow; bestrew; strew; scatter.”
- ṛjīṣin
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे इन्द्र ते तव स्वभूतं तिग्मं तीक्ष्णम् आयुधम् । आयुध्यतेऽनेनेत्यायुधं धनुः । तत्र मरुतां त्रयःषष्टिसंख्याकानां त्वत्सहायानाम् अनीकं संघं च त्वदीयं वज्रं च कः को वा देवो मनुष्यो वा प्रति दधर्ष प्रतिकूलमभिभवति । अभिभावुको नास्तीत्यर्थः । ‘ धृष प्रसहने । आ धृषाद्वा’ इति विभाषितणिच् । तदभावे लिटि रूपम् । अत एव अनायुधासः धनुराद्यायुधवर्जिताः अदेवाः देववर्जिता देवद्विषो ये असुराः सन्ति हे ऋजीषिन् । अपार्जितोऽभिषुतः सोम ऋजीषः । तद्वन्निन्द्र तान् असुरान् चक्रेण चक्रसमानवीर्येण चक्ररूपेण वज्रेण वा अप वप अपगतान् कुरु । अपनुदेत्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Your sharp bow, the host of Maruts, and your thunderbolt who, Indra, has ever withstood? The asurasare weaponless and abandoned by the gods, drive them away by your discus, O Ṛjīṣin.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Cf. RV. 8.86.4
Jamison Brereton
[Maruts:] “Sharp is the weapon, the vanguard of the Maruts. (And) who dares venture against your mace, Indra?
The lords lacking gods are weapon-less. With your wheel [=discus?]
scatter them, possessor of the silvery drink.”
Jamison Brereton Notes
However tempting it might be, the juxtaposed phrase ásurā adevā́ḥ is most likely not to be interpreted as an early instantiation of the Asura/Deva conflict of middle Vedic times. Instead it probably refers to human or semi-divine lords (for the former see W. E. Hale, 1986: 83) who do not have the gods on their side. Hale points out that adevá- is the only form in the RV so accented (contrasting with ádeva-), and it must be a bahuvrīhi meaning “not having gods, without gods.”
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Jamison Brereton Notes
The da capo-like structure of the verses in this tṛca, with the first pāda repeated verbatim as the last one, is quite unusual.
Griffith
A sharpened weapon is the host of Maruts. Who, Indra, dares withstand thy bolt of thunder?
Weaponless are the Asuras, the godless: scatter them with thy wheel, Impetuous Hero.
Geldner
Eine scharfe Waffe ist die Heeresspitze der Marut. Wer hat je deiner Keule getrotzt, Indra? Ohne Waffen sind die gottlosen Asura´s. Diese fege mit deinem Rade weg, du Trestersafttrinker!
Grassmann
Wer widersteht, o Indra, deinem Blitze, der scharfen Waffe? wer dem Zug der Maruts? Wehrlos sind dir die bösen Götterfeinde; vordringend jag’ sie fort mit deinem Rade.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
10 मह उग्राय - त्रिष्टुप्
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मह᳓ उग्रा᳓य तव᳓से सुवृक्ति᳓म्
प्र᳓ ईरय शिव᳓तमाय पश्वः᳓
गि᳓र्वाहसे गि᳓र इ᳓न्द्राय पूर्वी᳓र्
धेहि᳓ तनु᳓वे कुवि᳓द् अङ्ग᳓ वे᳓दत्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
म॒ह उ॒ग्राय॑ त॒वसे॑ सुवृ॒क्तिं प्रेर॑य शि॒वत॑माय प॒श्वः ।
गिर्वा॑हसे॒ गिर॒ इन्द्रा॑य पू॒र्वीर्धे॒हि त॒न्वे॑ कु॒विद॒ङ्ग वेद॑त् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
मह᳓ उग्रा᳓य तव᳓से सुवृक्ति᳓म्
प्र᳓ ईरय शिव᳓तमाय पश्वः᳓
गि᳓र्वाहसे गि᳓र इ᳓न्द्राय पूर्वी᳓र्
धेहि᳓ तनु᳓वे कुवि᳓द् अङ्ग᳓ वे᳓दत्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
suvr̥ktím ← suvr̥ktí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
taváse ← tavás- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
ugrā́ya ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
īraya ← √īr- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
paśváḥ ← paśú- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
prá ← prá (invariable)
śivátamāya ← śivátama- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
gíraḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
gírvāhase ← gírvāhas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
pūrvī́ḥ ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
aṅgá ← aṅgá (invariable)
dhehí ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
kuvít ← kuvít (invariable)
tanvè ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}
védat ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
म॒हे । उ॒ग्राय॑ । त॒वसे॑ । सु॒ऽवृ॒क्तिम् । प्र । ई॒र॒य॒ । शि॒वऽत॑माय । प॒श्वः ।
गिर्वा॑हसे । गिरः॑ । इन्द्रा॑य । पू॒र्वीः । धे॒हि । त॒न्वे॑ । कु॒वित् । अ॒ङ्ग । वेद॑त् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- maha ← mahe ← mah
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”
- ugrāya ← ugra
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”
- tavase ← tavas
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “strong; energetic.”
- suvṛktim ← suvṛkti
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “praise.”
- preraya ← preray ← √īr
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “propel; throw.”
- śivatamāya ← śivatama
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- paśvaḥ ← paśu
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “domestic animal; sacrificial animal; animal; cattle; Paśu; stupid; Paśu; herd; goat.”
- girvāhase ← gir
- [noun], feminine
- “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”
- girvāhase ← vāhase ← vāhas
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- gira ← giraḥ ← gir
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”
- indrāya ← indra
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- pūrvīr ← pūrvīḥ ← puru
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “many; much(a); very.”
- dhehi ← dhā
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
- tanve ← tanū
- [noun], dative, singular, feminine
- “body; self; own(a); person; form.”
- kuvid
- [adverb]
- “surely; indeed.”
- aṅga
- [adverb]
- “in truth; aṅga [word]; entirely; merely.”
- vedat ← vid
- [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे स्तोतः महे महते गुणैः उग्राय बलेनोद्गूर्णाय तवसे । तु इति धातुर्वृद्ध्यर्थः । प्रवृद्धाय शिवतमाय कल्याणतमायेन्द्राय सुवृक्तिं शोभनां स्तुतिं प्रेरय चोदय । कुरु। किमर्थम् ।“पश्वः पशोः। द्विपाच्चतुष्पाच्च । पशोर्ममास्मदीयाय गवे वा । यद्वा पशोरतीन्द्रियार्थं द्रष्टुर्मम धनादिकं दातुं गवे सुखादिकं प्रदातुमिन्द्राय स्तुतिं प्रेरय । एतदेवाह । हे स्तोतः गिर्वाहसे गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिरुह्यमानाय इन्द्राय पूर्वीः बह्वीः गिरः स्तुतीः धेहि कुरु । ततः स इन्द्रः तन्वे । तनोति कुलमिति तनूस्तनयः । तस्मै पुत्राय स्वशरीरयात्मने वा कुवित् । बहुनामैतत् । बहु धनम् अङ्ग क्षिप्रं वेदत् लम्भयतु ददातु ।’ विद्लृ लाभे ’ । लेट्यडागमः । कुविच्छब्दयोगादनिघातः ॥ ॥ ३३ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Send forth an excellent hymn to great (Indra), the strong, might and most fortunate, (that he mayprosper) my cattle; utter many praises to Indra who is borne by praise, may he speedily give much wealth to me.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Who is borne by praise: cf. RV 1.30.5; 61.4
Jamison Brereton
For the great, strong, powerful one, for the one most propitious to cattle send forth a well-twisted (hymn).
Produce many hymns for Indra whose vehicle is songs, for his body.
Surely he will take cognizance (of them)?
Jamison Brereton Notes
Although they belong to different tṛcas, 10ab responds to vs. 9: in both Indra is characterized by the lexeme abhí √bhū ‘dominate, surmount’ (9c abhibhū́ḥ, 10a abhibhū́taram), with each governing an NP beginning with víśva-. Moreover, in vs. 9 it is said that gods (as well as mortals) have not attained (āśata) Indra, while in 10ab the gods appear to be the implied subject of the verbs tatakṣuḥ and jajanuḥ “fashioned and begot” - in other words, paradoxically, though they do not attain him they are credited with creating him.
In c there is pseudo-etymological play between váriṣṭḥaṃ váre, which not only are unrelated but also belong to two different NPs, despite their adjaceny. There is some uncertainty about the position of utá or even what it is conjoining. Klein (DGRV I.346, 349) considers the pāda an XY utá construction, joining the two complex NPs that precede it, with the adjectives in d “merely strung on to the basical phrasal syntagm” (346).
The etymological figure ugrám ójiṣṭham, with a positive and its superlative, is reminiscent of the simplex followed by comparative in 9c / 10a abhibhū́ḥ … abhibhū́taram. The rest of pāda d, tavásam tarasvínam, almost mimics an etymological figure via phonological scrambling, although the words are of course unrelated.
Griffith
To him the Strong and Mighty, most auspicious, send up the beAuteous hymn for sake of cattle.
Lay oa his body many songs for Indra invoked with song, for will not he regard. them?
Geldner
Dem Großen, Gewaltigen, Starken sende ein Loblied hinaus, der dem Zugtier gar freundlich ist! Bringe dem Indra für seine Person viele Lobesworte dar, den die Lobesworte anziehen. Gewiß wird er sie recht verstehen.
Grassmann
Dem grossen, hehren, starken sende Loblied, und Heerden treibe hin zum heilbegabten, Dem Liederfreunde lege viele Lieder ans Herz, dem Indra, ob er wol drauf achtet?
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
11 उक्थवाहसे विभ्वे - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
उक्थ᳓वाहसे विभु᳓वे मनीषां᳓
द्रु᳓णा न᳓ पार᳓म् ईरया नदी᳓नाम्
नि᳓ स्पृश धिया᳓ तनु᳓वि श्रुत᳓स्य
जु᳓ष्टतरस्य कुवि᳓द् अङ्ग᳓ वे᳓दत्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
उ॒क्थवा॑हसे वि॒भ्वे॑ मनी॒षां द्रुणा॒ न पा॒रमी॑रया न॒दीना॑म् ।
नि स्पृ॑श धि॒या त॒न्वि॑ श्रु॒तस्य॒ जुष्ट॑तरस्य कु॒विद॒ङ्ग वेद॑त् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
उक्थ᳓वाहसे विभु᳓वे मनीषां᳓
द्रु᳓णा न᳓ पार᳓म् ईरया नदी᳓नाम्
नि᳓ स्पृश धिया᳓ तनु᳓वि श्रुत᳓स्य
जु᳓ष्टतरस्य कुवि᳓द् अङ्ग᳓ वे᳓दत्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
manīṣā́m ← manīṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
ukthávāhase ← ukthávāhas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
vibhvè ← vibhū́- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
drúṇā ← dā́ru- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
īraya ← √īr- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
ná ← ná (invariable)
nadī́nām ← nadī́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}
pārám ← pārá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
ní ← ní (invariable)
spr̥śa ← √spr̥ś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
śrutásya ← √śru- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
tanvì ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}
aṅgá ← aṅgá (invariable)
júṣṭatarasya ← júṣṭatara- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
kuvít ← kuvít (invariable)
védat ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
उ॒क्थऽवा॑हसे । वि॒ऽभ्वे॑ । म॒नी॒षाम् । द्रुणा॑ । न । पा॒रम् । ई॒र॒य॒ । न॒दीना॑म् ।
नि । स्पृ॒श॒ । धि॒या । त॒न्वि॑ । श्रु॒तस्य॑ । जुष्ट॑ऽतरस्य । कु॒वित् । अ॒ङ्ग । वेद॑त् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- ukthavāhase ← uktha
- [noun], neuter
- “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”
- ukthavāhase ← vāhase ← vāhas
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- vibhve ← vibhu
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “Vishnu.”
- manīṣāṃ ← manīṣām ← manīṣā
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “hymn; inspiration; idea; thinking; wish; consideration; intelligence.”
- druṇā ← dru
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “wood; tree; dru [word].”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- pāram ← pāra
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “shore; pāra [word]; end; excellence.”
- īrayā ← īraya ← īray ← √īr
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “name; describe; propel; shoot; state; call; raise; expel; tell; enumerate.”
- nadīnām ← nadī
- [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
- “river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”
- ni
- [adverb]
- “back; down.”
- spṛśa ← spṛś
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “touch; enter (a state); reach; touch.”
- dhiyā ← dhī
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”
- tanvi ← tanū
- [noun], locative, singular, feminine
- “body; self; own(a); person; form.”
- śrutasya ← śru
- [verb noun], genitive, singular
- “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”
- juṣṭatarasya ← juṣṭatara
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- kuvid
- [adverb]
- “surely; indeed.”
- aṅga
- [adverb]
- “in truth; aṅga [word]; entirely; merely.”
- vedat ← vid
- [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे स्तोतः उक्थवाहसे उक्थैः स्तोत्रशस्त्रादिभिरुह्यमानाय अत एव विभ्वे महते यद्वा शत्रूणामभिभवित्र इन्द्रायेन्द्रार्थं मनीषां मनस ईषां स्तुतिम् ईरय प्रेरय । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । द्रुणा न यथा नाविकः नदीनां नदमानानां सरितां पारं तीरं प्रति पथिकं द्रुणा नावा प्रापयति तद्वदिन्द्रं प्रति स्तुतिं गमयेति । किंच नि स्पृश नितरां धनं स्पर्शय गमय तन्वि आत्मनि पुत्रे वा । कीदृशम् । श्रुतस्य सर्वत्र विश्रुतस्य प्रसिद्धस्य जुष्टतरस्य अत्यर्थं प्रीणयितुरिन्द्रस्य स्वभूतम् । धनं धिया त्वदीयया स्तुत्या कर्मणा वात्मानं गमय । ततस्त्वयाभिष्टुत इन्द्रः कुवित् बहु धनं क्षिप्रं वेदत् लम्भयतु ददातु ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Send forth your praise to mighty Indra who is borne by hymns, as (a sailor sends a traveller) in a shipacross the rivers; bring to me by your rites that wealth which belongs to him renowned and beneficent; may hespeedily give much wealth.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Legend: Indra, aided by Bṛhaspati and the Maruts, slew the asura Kṛṣṇa, who with10,000 other asuras had occupied the river Aṃśumatī, which is said to be the Yamunā. Another legend fromBṛhaddevatā: Soma, being afraid of Vṛtra, took refuge with the Kurus by the river Aṃśumatī. Indra followed itwith Bṛhaspati and the Maruts and begged it to return. It however refused, and attempted to resist; but it wasultimately conquered and carried back to the gods, who drank it and in consequence, vanquished the demonṣDraps = a common word for Soma, the dropping; or, swift-moving;
Aṃśumatī = sunlight
Jamison Brereton
To him whose vehicle is hymns, to the far-ranging one send an inspired thought like (a boat) to the far shore of rivers with a wooden
(paddle).
Stroke the body of the famous, very enjoyable one with a visionary
thought. Surely he will take cognizance (of it)?
Jamison Brereton Notes
There is phonetic play between asvaran (a; see also abhisvárā 1b) to √svar ‘sound’ and s u var(-pati)(c) containing the ‘sun’ word, although the latter of course has a distracted sv cluster.
Griffith
To him, the Mighty, who accepts laudation, send forth thy thought as by a boat o’er rivers,
Stir with thy hymn the body of the Famous and Dearest One, for will not he regard it?
Geldner
Den das Loblied anzieht, dem Gebieter treibe das Lied zu wie das Schiff mit dem Ruder ans andere Ufer der Flüsse! Dringe mit dem Gedicht zur Person des Berühmten, Beliebtesten! Gewiß wird er es recht verstehen.
Grassmann
Beweg’ das Lied dem starken Spruch-empfänger wie mit dem Ruder über Flut der Ströme; Berühr den Leib des hehren mit Gebeten, des sehr willkommnen, ob er wol drauf achtet?
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
12 तद्विविड्ढि यत्त - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
त᳓द् विविड्ढि य᳓त् त इ᳓न्द्रो जु᳓जोषत्
स्तुहि᳓ सुष्टुतिं᳓ न᳓मसा᳓ विवास
उ᳓प भूष जरितर् मा᳓ रुवण्यः
श्राव᳓या वा᳓चं कुवि᳓द् अङ्ग᳓ वे᳓दत्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
तद्वि॑विड्ढि॒ यत्त॒ इन्द्रो॒ जुजो॑षत्स्तु॒हि सु॑ष्टु॒तिं नम॒सा वि॑वास ।
उप॑ भूष जरित॒र्मा रु॑वण्यः श्रा॒वया॒ वाचं॑ कु॒विद॒ङ्ग वेद॑त् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
त᳓द् विविड्ढि य᳓त् त इ᳓न्द्रो जु᳓जोषत्
स्तुहि᳓ सुष्टुतिं᳓ न᳓मसा᳓ विवास
उ᳓प भूष जरितर् मा᳓ रुवण्यः
श्राव᳓या वा᳓चं कुवि᳓द् अङ्ग᳓ वे᳓दत्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
jújoṣat ← √juṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
viviḍḍhi ← √viṣ- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
námasā ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
stuhí ← √stu- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
suṣṭutím ← suṣṭutí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
vivāsa ← √vanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}
bhūṣa ← √bhūṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
jaritar ← jaritár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)
ruvaṇyaḥ ← √ruvaṇy- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
úpa ← úpa (invariable)
aṅgá ← aṅgá (invariable)
kuvít ← kuvít (invariable)
śrāváya ← √śru- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
vā́cam ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
védat ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
तत् । वि॒वि॒ड्ढि॒ । यत् । ते॒ । इन्द्रः॑ । जुजो॑षत् । स्तु॒हि । सु॒ऽस्तु॒तिम् । नम॑सा । आ । वि॒वा॒स॒ ।
उप॑ । भू॒ष॒ । ज॒रि॒तः॒ । मा । रु॒व॒ण्यः॒ । श्र॒वय॑ । वाच॑म् । कु॒वित् । अ॒ङ्ग । वेद॑त् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tad ← tat ← tad
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- viviḍḍhi ← viṣ
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “labor; act; perform.”
- yat ← yad
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- ta ← te ← tvad
- [noun], dative, singular
- “you.”
- indro ← indraḥ ← indra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- jujoṣat ← juṣ
- [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
- “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”
- stuhi ← stu
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “laud; praise; declare; stu.”
- suṣṭutiṃ ← suṣṭutim ← suṣṭuti
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “hymn; praise.”
- namasā ← namas
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”
- vivāsa ← vivās ← √van
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “invite; endeavor; try for.”
- upa
- [adverb]
- “towards; on; next.”
- bhūṣa ← bhūṣ
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “endeavor; attend; strive.”
- jaritar ← jaritṛ
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “singer.”
- mā
- [adverb]
- “not.”
- ruvaṇyaḥ ← ruvaṇy ← √ru
- [verb], singular, Present injunctive
- śrāvayā ← śrāvaya ← śrāvay ← √śru
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “tell.”
- vācaṃ ← vācam ← vāc
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”
- kuvid
- [adverb]
- “surely; indeed.”
- aṅga
- [adverb]
- “in truth; aṅga [word]; entirely; merely.”
- vedat ← vid
- [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे ऋत्विक् तत् सोमादिहविः स्तोत्रं वा विविड्ढि व्यापय । तानीन्द्रार्थं कुर्वित्यर्थः । ते तव स्वभूतं यत् हविः स्तोत्रं वा इन्द्रः जुजोषत् स्वीकुर्यात् तस्कुरु । ‘जुषी प्रीतिसेवनयोः । लेटि शपः श्लुः । अडागमः । छान्दसत्वात् ’ नाभ्यस्तस्य’ इति गुणप्रतिषेधाभावः । हे स्तोतः सुष्टुतिं सुस्तुतिम् । शोभना स्तुतिर्यस्य स तथोक्तः । तादृशमिन्द्रं स्तुहि । तथा नमसा स्तोत्रेण हविषा वा आ विवास इन्द्रमाभिमुख्येन परिचर । विवासतिः परिचरणकर्मा । लोटि रूपम् । हे जरितः स्तोतः उप भूष।‘भूष अलंकारे’। अलंकृतो भव। मा रुवण्यः धनाभावात् मा ध्वनयः । मा रोदीरित्यर्थः। धनागमने कारणमाह। हे स्तोतः वाचं स्तुतिमिन्द्रं श्रावय ज्ञापय । ततस्त्वया स्तुत इन्द्रस्तुभ्यं कुवित् बहु धनं क्षिप्रं प्रयच्छतु ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Perform those rites of yours that Indra may accept them; praise him to whom praise belongs, worshiphim with your service; O priest, adorn thyself, grieve not (for poverty); let Indra hear your praise, may he speedilygive much wealth.”
Jamison Brereton
Labor at what Indra will enjoy from you. Give as praise a good praise hymn. Seek to entice him here with reverence.
Be attentive, singer. Don’t screech, but make your speech heard. Surely he will take cognizance (of it)?
Jamison Brereton Notes
I use two different English tr. for namanti, ‘bend’ and ‘bow’, depending on the object; this is merely an English problem, as the passage adduced by Geldner shows: VII.23.20 ā́… índram … name girā́, nemíṃ táṣṭeva.
In cd I supply ‘cry out’ (√svar) on the basis of 11a sám … asvaran (note the sám in 12d) and 12b (abhi)svárā.
Geldner takes tarasvínaḥ as nom. pl., which is grammatically possible, but I prefer Oldenberg’s gen. sg. (an alternative also for Grassmann), since the same adj. modifies Indra in 10d.
Griffith
Serve him with gifts of thine which Indra welcomes: praise with fair praise, invite him with thine homage.
Draw near, O singer, and refrain from outcry. Make thy voice heard, for will not he regard it?
Geldner
Bring das fertig, woran dir Indra Gefallen finden wird, sing ein Loblied, bitte ihn unter Verbeugungen her! Mach deine Sache recht, o Sänger, gröle nicht, laß deine Rede hören! Gewiß wird er sie recht verstehen.
Grassmann
Das bringe dar, was gern dir Indra annimmt, das Loblied singe, lock ihn her durch Andacht; Hab’ Acht, o Sänger, nicht sei rauh die Stimme; das Lied lass hören, ob er wol drauf achtet?
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
13 अव द्रप्सो - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ᳓व द्रप्सो᳓+++(=drop → अमा-चन्द्रः सूर्यग्रहे विशिष्य)+++ अंशुम᳓तीम्+++(=सोम-पन्थानम्)+++ अतिष्ठद्
इयानः᳓ कृष्णो᳓ दश᳓भिः सह᳓स्रैः +++(ऋक्षैः सह)+++।
+++(साहाय्येन)+++ आ᳓वत् त᳓म् इ᳓न्द्रः +++(ज्येष्ठास्थः, रोहिणीसुहृत् विषुवरेखास्थः)+++ श᳓च्या+++(→कौशलेन)+ धमन्तम् +++(अन्ये ग्रहा इव खे- “cosmic wind”-कल्पना प्राचीनानाम्)+++᳓,
अ᳓प स्ने᳓हितीर्+++(=हिम-मारुतानि)+++ नृम᳓णा +++(अप-)+++अधत्त +++(तेन धमनसाहाय्येन)+++॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अव॑ द्र॒प्सो अं॑शु॒मती॑मतिष्ठदिया॒नः कृ॒ष्णो द॒शभिः॑ स॒हस्रैः॑ ।
आव॒त्तमिन्द्रः॒ शच्या॒ धम॑न्त॒मप॒ स्नेहि॑तीर्नृ॒मणा॑ अधत्त ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अ᳓व द्रप्सो᳓ अंशुम᳓तीम् अतिष्ठद्
इयानः᳓ कृष्णो᳓ दश᳓भिः सह᳓स्रैः
आ᳓वत् त᳓म् इ᳓न्द्रः श᳓चिया ध᳓मन्तम्
अ᳓प स्ने᳓हितीर् नृम᳓णा अधत्त
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
aṁśumátīm ← aṁśumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
atiṣṭhat ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
áva ← áva (invariable)
drapsáḥ ← drapsá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
daśábhiḥ ← dáśa- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}
iyānáḥ ← √yā- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
kr̥ṣṇáḥ ← kr̥ṣṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sahásraiḥ ← sahásra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}
ā́vat ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
dhámantam ← √dhamⁱ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
śácyā ← śácī- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
adhatta ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}
ápa ← ápa (invariable)
nr̥máṇāḥ ← nr̥máṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
snéhitīḥ ← snéhiti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
अव॑ । द्र॒प्सः । अं॒शु॒ऽमती॑म् । अ॒ति॒ष्ठ॒त् । इ॒या॒नः । कृ॒ष्णः । द॒शऽभिः॑ । स॒हस्रैः॑ ।
आव॑त् । तम् । इन्द्रः॑ । शच्या॑ । धम॑न्तम् । अप॑ । स्नेहि॑तीः । नृ॒ऽमनाः॑ । अ॒ध॒त्त॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- ava
- [adverb]
- “down.”
- drapso ← drapsaḥ ← drapsa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “drop; banner.”
- aṃśumatīm ← aṃśumatī
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “Yamunā.”
- atiṣṭhad ← atiṣṭhat ← sthā
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
- iyānaḥ ← i
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
- kṛṣṇo ← kṛṣṇaḥ ← kṛṣṇa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Krishna; Kṛṣṇa; Vishnu; Arjuna; Kṛṣṇa; Vyāsa; Shiva; Kṛṣṇa; Kṛṣṇa; Kṛṣṇa; Kṛṣṇa; Kṛṣṇa.”
- daśabhiḥ ← daśan
- [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
- “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”
- sahasraiḥ ← sahasra
- [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
- “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”
- āvat ← av
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”
- tam ← tad
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- indraḥ ← indra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- śacyā ← śacī
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “Śacī; power; dexterity; ability; aid.”
- dhamantam ← dham
- [verb noun], accusative, singular
- “heat; blow; fan; blow; ignite; blow; inflate.”
- apa
- [adverb]
- “away.”
- snehitīr ← snehitīḥ ← snehiti
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- nṛmaṇā ← nṛmaṇāḥ ← nṛmaṇas
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- adhatta ← dhā
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
अत्रेतिहासम् आचक्षते-
किल कृष्णो नामासुरः दश-सहस्र-सङ्ख्यैर् असुरैः परिवृतः सन् अंशुमती-नाम-धेयाया नद्यास् तीरे अतिष्ठत् । तत्र तं कृष्णम् उदकमध्ये स्थितं इन्द्रो बृहस्पतिना सहागच्छत्। आगत्य तं कृष्णं तस्यानुचरांश् च बृहस्पति-सहायो जघानेति ।
केचिद् अन्यथा वदन्ति- तेषां कथाहेतुः द्रप्स इति उदक-कणो ऽभिधीयते - स तु सोमः - द्रप्सश् चस्कन्देत्यादिषु । सोम-परत्वेनोक्तत्वाद् एतत् पदम् आश्रित्य् आहुः-
अप ऋम्यतु-देवेभ्यः+++(=??)+++
सोमो वृत्र-भयार्दितः
नदीम् अंशुमतीन् नाम
अभ्यतिष्ठत् कुरून् प्रति। १
तं बृहस्पतिनैकेन
सोभ्ययाद् वृत्रहा सह ।
योत्स्यमानं सुसंहृष्टैर्
मरुद्भिर् विविधायुधैः २
दृष्ट्वा तान् आयतः सोमः
स्व-बलेन व्यवस्थितः ।
मत्वानो+++(=??)+++ वृत्रमायान्तं
जिघांसुम् अरिसेनया ३
व्यवस्थितन् धनुष्मन्तं
तम् उवाच बृहस्पतिः ।
मरुत्-पतिर् अयं सोमः
प्रेहि देवान् पुनर् विभो ४
सो ऽब्रवीन् नेति तं शक्रः
ओजसैव बलाद् बली ।
इयाय देवान् आदाय
तम्पपुर् विधिवत् सुराः ५
जघ्नुः पीत्वा च दैत्यानां
समरे नवतीर् नव ।
तद् अव-द्रप्स-इत्यस्मिन्न्
ऋचे सर्वन् निगद्यते ६
एतद् अनार्षत्वेनादरणीयं भवति । एषोर्थः क्रमेण ऋक्षु वक्ष्यते । तथा चास्या ऋचो ऽयम् अर्थः-
द्रप्सः द्रुतं सरति गच्छतीति द्रप्सः - पृषोदरादिः द्रुतं गच्छन्, दशभिः सहस्रैः दशसहस्र-सङ्ख्यैर् असुरैः इयानः कृष्णः एतन्नामकः असुरः अंशुमतीं नाम नदीं अवातिष्ठत् अवतिष्ठते।
ततः शच्या कर्मणा प्रज्ञानेन वा
धमन्तं उदकस्यान्तर् उच्छ्वसन्तं, यद्वा जगद्-भीतिकरं शब्दं कुर्वन्तं,
तं कृष्णासुरं इन्द्रो मरुद्भिः सह आवत् प्राप्नोत् ।
पश्चात् तं कृष्णासुरं तस्यानुचरांश् च हतवान् इत्य् आह-
नृमनाः नृषु मनो यस्य सः, यद्वा कर्म-नेतृषु ऋत्विक्षु एक-विधं मनो यस्य स तथोक्तः,
तादृशः सन्
स्नेहितिर् वध-कर्मसु पठितः सर्वस्य हिंसित्रीस् तस्य सेनाः
अपाधत्त अपधानं हननं अवधीद् इत्य् अर्थः - “अपस्नीहितिं नृमणा अधद्रा” इति छन्दोगाः पठन्ति ।
तस्यानुचरान् हत्वा तं द्रुतं गच्छन्तम् असुरं अपाधत्त हतवान् ॥ १३ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“The swift-moving Kṛṣṇa with ten thousand (demons) stood on the Aṃśumatī; by his might Indracaught him snorting (in the water); he, benevolent to man, smote his malicious (bands).”
Jamison Brereton
The Droplet descended into the Aṃśumatī (River),
the black one speeding with the ten thousand.
Indra with his skill helped him as he blew.
The manly minded one repelled the “blizzards” (of attacking warriors?).
Jamison Brereton Notes
The ca in c is one of the rare examples of subordinating ca in the RV, as shown by the accent induced on the verb vavártat; see Klein DGRV I.240-41. Its position, about which Klein does not comment, is peculiar, but it can probably be accounted for metrically. In this particular Atijagatī line (13 syl.), there is a natural break after the first two words (5 syllables), máṃhiṣṭho gīrbhír, and the rest of the line behaves as if it were a dimeter (8-syl.) line, ā́ca yajñíyo vavártat, with initial preverb followed by the enclitic conjunction.
13-15 ...{Loading}...
Jamison Brereton Notes
As indicated in the introduction, the identity of the ‘droplet’ (drapsá-) and the purport of this tṛca are quite unclear. Geldner takes both drapsá- and kṛṣṇá- (‘black’) as PNs and the tṛca as their “saga.” Since such a saga is otherwise unknown and both words have lexical meaning, such an approach does not seem to gain us much.
Oldenberg’s discussion is, as usual, very sharp, but his own interpretation, that Indra is helping an embryonic version of Bṛhaspati, in the form of a drop of semen, to come to birth, also does not convince.
Schmidt (1968: 112-13) rejects Oldenberg’s interpretation and suggests that it describes in mystical fashion the freeing of the soma-drop in the form of the sun, but declines to tr. the tṛca because of the many uncertainties.
I am inclined to see it as a treatment of the ritual step of rinsing the soma in water, as I said in the published introduction, though much remains murky.
Griffith
The Black Drop sank in Amsumati’s bosom,
advancing with ten thousand round about it.
Indra with might longed for it as it panted:
the hero-hearted laid aside his weapons.
Geldner
Drapsa stieg in die Amsumati hinab, Krishna ist im Anzug mit zehntausend Kriegern. Ihm stand Indra bei, dem mit aller Kraft Blasenden. Der Mannhafte wendete die Heerhaufen ab.
Grassmann
Es fiel der Tropfen in die Somaströmung, der dunkle, eilend mit zehntausend andern; Der kräftig gor, genossen hat ihn Indra, der männlich kühne trieb hinweg die Feinde.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
14 द्रप्समपश्यं विषुणे - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
द्रप्स᳓म् अपश्यं वि᳓षुणे +++(←equinoctial colure?)+++ च᳓रन्तम्
उपह्वरे᳓ नद्यो᳙+++(द्या)+++ अंशुम᳓त्याः+++(←सोम-पन्था खे?)+++ ।
न᳓भो न᳓ कृष्ण᳓म् अवतस्थिवां᳓सम्
इ᳓ष्यामि वो वृषणो +++(वृषभराशौ रोहिण्या सह)+++ यु᳓ध्यताजौ᳓ ॥
(३०००BCE इ᳓ति᳓ व᳓र्षे᳓ ज्ये᳓ष्ठा᳓यां᳓ (←इ᳓न्द्रः᳓) वृ᳓ष᳓भे᳓ रो᳓हि᳓ण्यां᳓ च᳓ वि᳓षु᳓व᳓रे᳓खा᳓ (←वि᳓षु᳓णे᳓)। )
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
द्र॒प्सम॑पश्यं॒ विषु॑णे॒ चर॑न्तमुपह्व॒रे न॒द्यो॑ अंशु॒मत्याः॑ ।
नभो॒ न कृ॒ष्णम॑वतस्थि॒वांस॒मिष्या॑मि वो वृषणो॒ युध्य॑ता॒जौ ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः;इन्द्रः~मरुतः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
द्रप्स᳓म् अपश्यं वि᳓षुणे च᳓रन्तम्
उपह्वरे᳓ नदि᳓यो अंशुम᳓त्याः
न᳓भो न᳓ कृष्ण᳓म् अवतस्थिवां᳓सम्
इ᳓ष्यामि वो वृषणो यु᳓ध्यताजउ᳓
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
apaśyam ← √paś- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
cárantam ← √carⁱ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
drapsám ← drapsá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
víṣuṇe ← víṣuṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
aṁśumátyāḥ ← aṁśumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}
nadyàḥ ← nadī́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}
upahvaré ← upahvará- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
avatasthivā́ṁsam ← √sthā- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
kr̥ṣṇám ← kr̥ṣṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
nábhaḥ ← nábhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ājaú ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
íṣyāmi ← √iṣ- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
vr̥ṣaṇaḥ ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}
yúdhyata ← √yudh- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
द्र॒प्सम् । अ॒प॒श्य॒म् । विषु॑णे । चर॑न्तम् । उ॒प॒ऽह्व॒रे । न॒द्यः॑ । अं॒शु॒ऽमत्याः॑ ।
नभः॑ । न । कृ॒ष्णम् । अ॒व॒त॒स्थि॒ऽवांस॑म् । इष्या॑मि । वः॒ । वृ॒ष॒णः॒ । युध्य॑त । आ॒जौ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- drapsam ← drapsa
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “drop; banner.”
- apaśyaṃ ← apaśyam ← paś
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”
- viṣuṇe ← viṣuṇa
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “different; assorted; antipathetic; changing.”
- carantam ← car
- [verb noun], accusative, singular
- “car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”
- upahvare ← upahvara
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “proximity.”
- nadyo ← nadyaḥ ← nadī
- [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
- “river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”
- aṃśumatyāḥ ← aṃśumatī
- [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
- “Yamunā.”
- nabho ← nabhaḥ ← nabhas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “sky; cloud; ākāśa; air; abhra.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- kṛṣṇam ← kṛṣṇa
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “black; dark; dark; blue; black.”
- avatasthivāṃsam ← avasthā ← √sthā
- [verb noun], accusative, singular
- “stay; stand; situate; continue; stop; lodge; fixate.”
- iṣyāmi ← iṣ
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “send.”
- vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, plural
- “you.”
- vṛṣaṇo ← vṛṣaṇaḥ ← vṛṣan
- [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
- “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
- yudhyatājau ← yudhyata ← yudh
- [verb], plural, Present imperative
- “fight; overcome.”
- yudhyatājau ← ājau ← āji
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
चतुर्थः पादो मारुतः - मरुतः प्रति यद् वाक्यम् इन्द्र उवाच । तदत्रकीर्त्यते -
हे मरुतः द्रप्सं द्रुतगामिनं कृष्णम् अहम् अपश्यं अदर्शम् ।
कुत्रवर्तमानं - विषुणे विष्वग्-अञ्चने - सर्वतो विस्तृते देशे, यद् वा विषुणे विषमे परैर् अदृश्ये देशे
चरन्तं परितो गच्छन्तं
किञ्च अंशुमत्याः एतन्-नामिकाया नद्यो नद्याः उपह्वरे अत्यन्तङ् गूढे स्थाने
नभो न नभसि यथा ऽऽदित्यो दीप्यते तद्वत् तत्र दीप्यमानं
अवतस्थिवांसं उदकस्यान्तर् अवस्थितं
कृष्णं एतन्नामकं असुरं अपश्यं तस्मिन् दृष्टे सति
हे वृषणः कामानाम् उदकानां वा सेक्तारो मरुतः वो युष्मान् युद्धार्थं इष्यामि अहम् इच्छामि ।
ततो यूयं तम् इमं कृष्णं
आजौ अजन्ति गच्छन्त्य् अत्र योद्धारः आयुधानि प्रक्षेपयन्तीति वा - आजिः सङ्ग्रामः तस्मिन्
युध्यत संहरत वाक्यभेदाद् अनिघातः ।
केचिद् इष्यामि वो मरुत इति पठन्ति । तत्र हे मरुतः वो युष्मान् इच्छामीत्य् अर्थो भवति ॥ १४ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
““I have seen the swift-moving (demon) lurking in an inaccessible plural ce, in the depths of the riverAṃśumatī, (I have seen) Kṛṣṇa standing there as (the sun) in a cloud; I appeal to you, showerers; conquerhim in battle”.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
This is Indra’s speech to the Maruts. Though the demon thinks he is concealing himself, he isseen as clearly by Indra as the sun is behind a cloud
Jamison Brereton
“I saw the Droplet wandering
in the oscillating eddy of the Aṃśumatī River,
descending like a black cloud.
I dispatch you, bulls. Fight in the contest.”
Jamison Brereton Notes
The final word in a, enā, is taken as enāḥ by the Pp., a reading followed by Grassmann, Geldner, Oldenberg, and Lubotsky; in this interpretation it modifies or doubles (since ena- is a pronominal, not an adjectival demonstrative stem) fem. acc. pl. púraḥ earlier in the pāda. I do not rule this out, but wonder whether it can be the enclitic instr. sg. enā to ayám in the meaning ‘in that way, i.e., how’. See enā ‘thereby’ in V.2.11, in addition to personal uses (‘with him’) in IX.96.2, X.108.3.
Pāda b collects several words that have been prominent in the characterization of Indra earlier in the hymn: ójasā (ójiṣṭham 10d), śaviṣṭha (śavasas pate 6b, śávasā 9c), and śakra (śakra 4a). It is esp. clever that the grammatical identities of the first two terms have been switched: s-stem instr. to superlative and vice versa.
Note that though cd forms a single clause with two different subjects (“all the worlds” and “heaven and earth”), the dual verb rejete agrees with the nearer one, the decomposed dual dvandva dyā́vā … pṛthivī́ca.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
Both Lüders (Var. 20, 506) and Schlerath (Kö. 139) consider this sequence to be a satyakriya. I can see the point, but if it is a truth-formulation, it is a muted one. The concept is clearest in 15a “Let this truth be protective of me,” esp. since this is the last verse of the hymn. The truth-formulation itself could be either the preceding verse (so Lüders) or the whole hymn (Schlerath allows both possibilities). In the absence of the standard instrumental ṛtéṇa (later satyena) that signals a satyakriya I am reluctant to label it as such, though certainly it is akin.
Schlerath also point out that the last word of the hymn is rājan.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
As indicated in the introduction, the identity of the ‘droplet’ (drapsá-) and the purport of this tṛca are quite unclear. Geldner takes both drapsá- and kṛṣṇá- (‘black’) as PNs and the tṛca as their “saga.” Since such a saga is otherwise unknown and both words have lexical meaning, such an approach does not seem to gain us much.
Oldenberg’s discussion is, as usual, very sharp, but his own interpretation, that Indra is helping an embryonic version of Bṛhaspati, in the form of a drop of semen, to come to birth, also does not convince.
Schmidt (1968: 112-13) rejects Oldenberg’s interpretation and suggests that it describes in mystical fashion the freeing of the soma-drop in the form of the sun, but declines to tr. the tṛca because of the many uncertainties.
I am inclined to see it as a treatment of the ritual step of rinsing the soma in water, as I said in the published introduction, though much remains murky.
Griffith
I saw the Drop in the far distance moving,
on the slope bank of Amsumati’s river,
Like a black cloud that sank into the water.
Heroes, I send you forth. Go, fight in battle.
Geldner
Ich sah den Drapsa in schlimmer Lage im Schoße des Flusses Amsumati, ich sah den Krishna, der schwarz wie eine Wolke hinabgestiegen war. Euch, Bullen, biete ich auf: Kämpfet im Streite!
Grassmann
Ich sah den Tropfen wandern in der Ferne im Niedergang des somareichen Stromes; Er kam herab wie eine schwarze Wolke, ich send’ ihn euch, o Helden, kämpft in Schlachten.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्रः, मरुतः
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
15 अध द्रप्सो - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ᳓ध+++(थ)+++ द्रप्सो᳓ अंशुम᳓त्या+++(←सोम-मार्गस्य खे)+++ उप᳓स्थे᳓
ऽधारयत् तन्वं᳙ तित्विषाणः᳓+++(=दीप्यमानः - eclipse ring?)+++ ।
वि᳓शो अ᳓देवीर् अभ्या३᳓च᳓रन्तीर्
बृ᳓हस्प᳓तिना +++(ग्रहेण)+++ युजे᳓न्द्रः ससाहे +++(ग्रहण-मोचनेन)+++॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अध॑ द्र॒प्सो अं॑शु॒मत्या॑ उ॒पस्थेऽधा॑रयत्त॒न्वं॑ तित्विषा॒णः ।
विशो॒ अदे॑वीर॒भ्या॒३॒॑चर॑न्ती॒र्बृह॒स्पति॑ना यु॒जेन्द्रः॑ ससाहे ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्राबृहस्पती
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अ᳓ध द्रप्सो᳓ अंशुम᳓त्या उप᳓स्थे
अ᳓धारयत् तनु᳓वं तित्विषाणः᳓
वि᳓शो अ᳓देवीर् अभि᳓ आच᳓रन्तीर्
बृ᳓हस्प᳓तिना युजे᳓न्द्रः ससाहे
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ádha ← ádha (invariable)
aṁśumátyāḥ ← aṁśumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}
drapsáḥ ← drapsá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
upásthe ← upástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ádhārayat ← √dhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
tanvàm ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
titviṣāṇáḥ ← √tvíṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
abhí ← abhí (invariable)
ācárantīḥ ← √carⁱ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
ádevīḥ ← ádeva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
víśaḥ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
bŕ̥haspátinā ← bŕ̥haspáti- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sasāhe ← √sah- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
yujā́ ← yúj- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
अध॑ । द्र॒प्सः । अं॒शु॒ऽमत्याः॑ । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । अधा॑रयत् । त॒न्व॑म् । ति॒त्वि॒षा॒णः ।
विशः॑ । अदे॑वीः । अ॒भि । आ॒ऽचर॑न्तीः । बृह॒स्पति॑ना । यु॒जा । इन्द्रः॑ । स॒स॒हे॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- adha
- [adverb]
- “then; and; therefore; now.”
- drapso ← drapsaḥ ← drapsa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “drop; banner.”
- aṃśumatyā ← aṃśumatyāḥ ← aṃśumatī
- [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
- “Yamunā.”
- upasthe ← upastha
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”
- ‘dhārayat ← adhārayat ← dhāray ← √dhṛ
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”
- tanvaṃ ← tanvam ← tanū
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “body; self; own(a); person; form.”
- titviṣāṇaḥ ← tviṣ
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- viśo ← viśaḥ ← viś
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
- adevīr ← adevīḥ ← adeva
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “godless.”
- abhy ← abhi
- [adverb]
- “towards; on.”
- ācarantīr ← ācarantīḥ ← ācar ← √car
- [verb noun], accusative, plural
- “perform; prowl; administer; make; frequent; treat; cause; approach; heed; treat; act; produce; behave; put on; do; undertake.”
- bṛhaspatinā ← bṛhaspati
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “Brihaspati; Jupiter; Bṛhaspati.”
- yujendraḥ ← yujā ← yuj
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”
- yujendraḥ ← indraḥ ← indra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- sasāhe ← sah
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “endure; overcome; habituate.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
अध अथ द्रप्सो द्रुतगामी कृष्णः
अंशुमत्या नद्याः उपस्थे समीपे
तित्विषाणो दीप्यमानः सन्
तन्वं आत्मीयं शरीरं अधारयत् परैर् अहिंस्यत्वेन बेभर्ति ।
यद् वा बल-प्राप्त्य्-अर्थं स्वशरीरमाहाशदिभिर्+++(??~~~~)+++ अपोषयत्।
तत्र इन्द्रो गत्वा बृहस्पतिना एतन् नामकेन देवेन युजा सहायेन अदेवीः अद्योतमानाः कृष्णरूपा- इत्यर्थः । यद्वा पापयुक्तत्वादस्तुत्याः आचरन्तीः आगच्छन्तीर्विशः असुरसोनाः अभिससहे जघान । तमवधीदित्यर्थः प्रसङ्गादवगम्यते ॥ १५ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Then the swift-moving one, shining forth assumed his own body by the Aṃśumatī, and Indra withBṛhaspati as his ally smote the godless hosts as they drew near.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Godless hosts: adevīḥ = not shining, dark;not to be praised
Jamison Brereton
Then the Droplet held his body in the lap of the Aṃśumatī, as he glittered.
With Br̥haspati as yokemate, Indra overcame the godless clans as they attacked.
Jamison Brereton Notes
“The distillate of all mother’s milk” for viśvápsnya- assumes the etymological connection between -psnya- and stána- ‘breast’, which is now standard doctrine. See EWA s.v. stána-.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
Both Lüders (Var. 20, 506) and Schlerath (Kö. 139) consider this sequence to be a satyakriya. I can see the point, but if it is a truth-formulation, it is a muted one. The concept is clearest in 15a “Let this truth be protective of me,” esp. since this is the last verse of the hymn. The truth-formulation itself could be either the preceding verse (so Lüders) or the whole hymn (Schlerath allows both possibilities). In the absence of the standard instrumental ṛtéṇa (later satyena) that signals a satyakriya I am reluctant to label it as such, though certainly it is akin.
Schlerath also point out that the last word of the hymn is rājan.
13-15 ...{Loading}...
Jamison Brereton Notes
As indicated in the introduction, the identity of the ‘droplet’ (drapsá-) and the purport of this tṛca are quite unclear. Geldner takes both drapsá- and kṛṣṇá- (‘black’) as PNs and the tṛca as their “saga.” Since such a saga is otherwise unknown and both words have lexical meaning, such an approach does not seem to gain us much.
Oldenberg’s discussion is, as usual, very sharp, but his own interpretation, that Indra is helping an embryonic version of Bṛhaspati, in the form of a drop of semen, to come to birth, also does not convince.
Schmidt (1968: 112-13) rejects Oldenberg’s interpretation and suggests that it describes in mystical fashion the freeing of the soma-drop in the form of the sun, but declines to tr. the tṛca because of the many uncertainties.
I am inclined to see it as a treatment of the ritual step of rinsing the soma in water, as I said in the published introduction, though much remains murky.
Griffith
And then the Drop in Amsumati’s bosom, splendid with light, assumed its proper body;
And Indra, with Brhaspati to aid him, conquered the godless tribes that came against him.
Geldner
Da behauptete sich Drapsa in schlimmer Lage im Schoße der Amsumati zornfunkelnd. Die anrückenden gottlosen Stämme hat Indra mit Brihaspati als Bundesgenossen bezwungen.
Grassmann
Da nun erhielt im Schooss des Somastromes der Tropfen funkelnd erst sein rechtes Aussehn; Die gottvergessnen Stämme, die sich nahten, bezwang vereint mit dem Gebetsherrn Indra.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्राबृहस्पती
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
16 त्वं ह - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
तुवं᳓ ह त्य᳓त् सप्त᳓भ्यो जा᳓यमानो
अशत्रु᳓भ्यो अभवः श᳓त्रुर् इन्द्र
गूळ्हे᳓ द्या᳓वापृथिवी᳓ अ᳓न्व् अविन्दो
विभुम᳓द्भ्यो भु᳓वनेभ्यो र᳓णं धाः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वं ह॒ त्यत्स॒प्तभ्यो॒ जाय॑मानोऽश॒त्रुभ्यो॑ अभवः॒ शत्रु॑रिन्द्र ।
गू॒ळ्हे द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अन्व॑विन्दो विभु॒मद्भ्यो॒ भुव॑नेभ्यो॒ रणं॑ धाः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तुवं᳓ ह त्य᳓त् सप्त᳓भ्यो जा᳓यमानो
अशत्रु᳓भ्यो अभवः श᳓त्रुर् इन्द्र
गूळ्हे᳓ द्या᳓वापृथिवी᳓ अ᳓न्व् अविन्दो
विभुम᳓द्भ्यो भु᳓वनेभ्यो र᳓णं धाः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ha ← ha (invariable)
jā́yamānaḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
saptábhyaḥ ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
tyát ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
abhavaḥ ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
aśatrúbhyaḥ ← aśatrú- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
śátruḥ ← śátru- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ánu ← ánu (invariable)
avindaḥ ← √vid- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ← dyā́vāpr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}
gūḷhé ← √guh- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU, non-finite:PPP}
bhúvanebhyaḥ ← bhúvana- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:PL}
dhāḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
ráṇam ← ráṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
vibhumádbhyaḥ ← vibhumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
त्वम् । ह॒ । त्यत् । स॒प्तऽभ्यः॑ । जाय॑मानः । अ॒श॒त्रुऽभ्यः॑ । अ॒भ॒वः॒ । शत्रुः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ ।
गू॒ळ्हे इति॑ । द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी इति॑ । अनु॑ । अ॒वि॒न्दः॒ । वि॒भु॒मत्ऽभ्यः॑ । भुव॑नेभ्यः । रण॑म् । धाः॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- ha
- [adverb]
- “indeed; ha [word].”
- tyat ← tyad ← tya
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “that.”
- saptabhyo ← saptabhyaḥ ← saptan
- [noun], dative, plural, masculine
- “seven; seventh.”
- jāyamāno ← jāyamānaḥ ← jan
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
- ‘śatrubhyo ← aśatrubhyaḥ ← aśatru
- [noun], dative, plural, masculine
- “unopposed.”
- abhavaḥ ← bhū
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
- śatrur ← śatruḥ ← śatru
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “enemy; foe; enemy; Asura.”
- indra
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- gūᄆhe ← gūḍhe ← guh
- [verb noun], accusative, dual
- “hide; cover; conceal; shroud; obscure.”
- dyāvāpṛthivī
- [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
- “heaven and earth; dyāvāpṛthivī [word].”
- anv ← anu
- [adverb]
- “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
- avindo ← avindaḥ ← vid
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “find; detect; marry; get; think.”
- vibhumadbhyo ← vibhumadbhyaḥ ← vibhumat
- [noun], dative, plural, neuter
- bhuvanebhyo ← bhuvanebhyaḥ ← bhuvana
- [noun], dative, plural, neuter
- “Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”
- raṇaṃ ← raṇam ← raṇa
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “battle; fight; pleasure; joy; war; combat.”
- dhāḥ ← dhā
- [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
- “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे इन्द्र त्वं खलु त्यत् तत् कर्म कृतवानसि। किं तत् उच्यते । जायमानः त्वं प्रादुर्भवन्नेव । अशत्रुभ्यः स्तुरहितेभ्यः सप्तभ्यः कृष्णवृत्रनमुचिशम्बरादिसप्तभ्यो बलवद्भ्यः शत्रुभ्यः तदर्थं शत्रुः अभवः । यद्वा । सप्तभ्यः । ससैवाङ्गिरसः । सप्तभ्योङ्गिरोभ्यो गवानयनार्थं प्रादुर्भवन्नेवाशत्रुभ्यो बलवद्भ्यः पणिभ्यः शत्रुरभवः । किंच हे इन्द्र त्वं गूळ्हे तमसा गूढे संवृते द्यावापृथिवी द्यावापृथिव्यौ सूर्यात्मना ते प्रकाश्यानुक्रमेण अविन्दः अलभथाः । तथा विभुमद्भ्यः महत्त्वयुक्तेभ्यः भुवनेभ्यः लोकेभ्यः रणं रमणं धाः धारयसि । विदधासीत्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“As soon as you were born, Indra, you were an enemy to those seven who had no enemy; yourecovered the heavens and earth when concealed (in darkness); you cause joy to the mighty worlds.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Thoseseven who had no enemy: Kṛṣṇa, Vṛtra, Namūci, Śambara etc.; or, you were an enemy to those who had noenemy, on behalf of the seven sages (the Aṅgirasas). i.e., inorder to recover their cows
Jamison Brereton
You then—just as you were being born, you became the rival to the seven unrivaled ones, Indra.
You discovered heaven and earth, which were hidden. You provided joy to the wide-ranging creatures.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The identity of the “seven” is unclear; ordinarily that number refers to rivers or priestly offices, but neither makes sense here. However, Geldner (n. to 16a) points to seven enemies destroyed by Indra in X.49.8, 120.6.
Geldner takes vibhu-mánt- (only here) as ‘die in dir einen Gebieter hatten’; this might be plausible, because Indra is characterized as vibhū́in 11 and so creatures associated with him might possess him as vibhú-. But the problem is that vibhú-/ū́- is only adjectival, as far as I can tell, and does not have the ‘lord, master’ meaning presupposed here. Though possessive -vant-/-mant- stems should be built to nouns, Debrunner (AiG II.2.877-78) allows for pleonastic+++(=redundant)+++ use of the suffix with adjectives in this and a number of other cases.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
These three vss. begin tváṃ ha tyád. As elsewhere with this configuration (2ND SG. PRN ha tyád), with a neut. tyád without a neut. referent, ha tyád seems to be strongly emphatic (see a similar sequence in I.63.4-7 and comm. ad loc. as well as ad VI.18.3). I would now be inclined to change the tr. of the three vss. here to “It was just you who …”
Griffith
Then, at thy birth, thou wast the foeman, Indra, of those the seven who ne’er had met a rival.
The hidden Pair, the Heaven and Earth, thou foundest, and to the mighty worlds thou gavest pleasure.
Geldner
Als du geboren wurdest, wardst du der Sieben, die keinen Bemeisterer fanden, Meister, o Indra. Du fandest die versteckten Welthälften wieder; du brachtest den Geschöpfen Freude, die in dir einen Gebieter hatten.
Grassmann
Geboren kaum, erstandest du, o Indra, als Feind den sieben, die sich feindlos dünkten; Du fandest Erd’ und Himmel, die verborgnen, verschafftest Lust den machtbegabten Welten.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
17 त्वं ह - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
तुवं᳓ ह त्य᳓द् अप्रतिमान᳓म् ओ᳓जो
व᳓ज्रेण वज्रिन् धृषितो᳓ जघन्थ
त्वं᳓ शु᳓ष्णस्य अ᳓वातिरो व᳓धत्रैस्
तुवं᳓ गा᳓ इन्द्र श᳓चिये᳓द् अविन्दः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वं ह॒ त्यद॑प्रतिमा॒नमोजो॒ वज्रे॑ण वज्रिन्धृषि॒तो ज॑घन्थ ।
त्वं शुष्ण॒स्यावा॑तिरो॒ वध॑त्रै॒स्त्वं गा इ॑न्द्र॒ शच्येद॑विन्दः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तुवं᳓ ह त्य᳓द् अप्रतिमान᳓म् ओ᳓जो
व᳓ज्रेण वज्रिन् धृषितो᳓ जघन्थ
त्वं᳓ शु᳓ष्णस्य अ᳓वातिरो व᳓धत्रैस्
तुवं᳓ गा᳓ इन्द्र श᳓चिये᳓द् अविन्दः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
apratimānám ← apratimāná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ha ← ha (invariable)
ójaḥ ← ójas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
tyát ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
dhr̥ṣitáḥ ← √dhr̥ṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
jaghantha ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
vájreṇa ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
vajrin ← vajrín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
atiraḥ ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
áva ← áva (invariable)
śúṣṇasya ← śúṣṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
vádhatraiḥ ← vádhatra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}
avindaḥ ← √vid- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ít ← ít (invariable)
śácyā ← śácī- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
त्वम् । ह॒ । त्यत् । अ॒प्र॒ति॒ऽमा॒नम् । ओजः॑ । वज्रे॑ण । व॒ज्रि॒न् । धृ॒षि॒तः । ज॒घ॒न्थ॒ ।
त्वम् । शुष्ण॑स्य । अव॑ । अ॒ति॒रः॒ । वध॑त्रैः । त्वम् । गाः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । शच्या॑ । इत् । अ॒वि॒न्दः॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- ha
- [adverb]
- “indeed; ha [word].”
- tyad ← tya
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “that.”
- apratimānam ← a
- [adverb]
- “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
- apratimānam ← pratimānam ← pratimāna
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “weight.”
- ojo ← ojaḥ ← ojas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”
- vajreṇa ← vajra
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”
- vajrin
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”
- dhṛṣito ← dhṛṣitaḥ ← dhṛṣ
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “dare; attack.”
- jaghantha ← han
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- śuṣṇasyāvātiro ← śuṣṇasya ← śuṣṇa
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “Śuṣṇa.”
- śuṣṇasyāvātiro ← avātiraḥ ← avatṛ ← √tṛ
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “descend; be born; incarnate; come out; alight; overcome.”
- vadhatrais ← vadhatraiḥ ← vadhatra
- [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
- “weapon.”
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- gā ← gāḥ ← go
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
- indra
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- śacyed ← śacyā ← śacī
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “Śacī; power; dexterity; ability; aid.”
- śacyed ← id
- [adverb]
- “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
- avindaḥ ← vid
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “find; detect; marry; get; think.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे इन्द्र त्वं ह त्वं खलु त्यत् एतत् कर्माकार्षीः। किं तत् अभिधीयते । हे वज्रिन् वज्रवन्निन्द्र धृषितः धृष्टः संग्रामेषु शत्रुहनने कुशलः सन्। यद्वा। धृष्टो धीरः सन् अप्रतिमानम् । प्रतिमानमुपमा। निरुपमम्। अस्य सदृशमन्यदीयं वीर्यं नास्तीत्यर्थः। तादृशं शुष्णस्य ओजः बलं वज्रेण आयुधेन जघन्थ हतवानसि। ‘अभ्यासाच्च’ इति इन्तेर्घत्वम् । पूर्वं शुष्णस्य बलं विनाश्येदानीं शुष्णमपि हतवानित्याह । त्वं वधत्रैः हननसाधनैरायुधैः शुष्णस्य । ‘क्रियाग्रहणं कर्तव्यम्’ इति संप्रदानसंज्ञा। चतुर्थ्यर्थे बहुलम्’ इति षष्ठी। शुष्णम् अवातिरः । कुत्साय राजर्षयेऽवाङ्मुखं कृत्वावधीः । तथा च निगमः– कुत्साय शुष्णमशुषं नि बर्हीः’ (ऋ. सं. ४. १६. १२) इति । तथा हे इन्द्र त्वं शच्या स्वकीयया प्रज्ञया कर्मणा वा गाः शत्रून् हत्वा तेषां गाः अविन्दः अलभथाः । यद्वा । अङ्गिरसां गाः पणीन् संप्रहृत्य लब्धवानसि ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Thunderer, you, the resolute one, did smite that unrivalled might with your bolt; you destroyed Śuṣṇawith your weapons, you recovered the cows, Indra, by your wisdom.”
Jamison Brereton
You then—emboldened, you smote the power without counterpart with your mace, mace-bearer.
You brought low (the power) of Śuṣṇa with your murderous weapons. You found the cows just with your skill, Indra.
᳓
Jamison Brereton Notes
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Jamison Brereton Notes
These three vss. begin tváṃ ha tyád. As elsewhere with this configuration (2ND SG. PRN ha tyád), with a neut. tyád without a neut. referent, ha tyád seems to be strongly emphatic (see a similar sequence in I.63.4-7 and comm. ad loc. as well as ad VI.18.3). I would now be inclined to change the tr. of the three vss. here to “It was just you who …”
Griffith
So, Thunder-armed! thou with thy bolt of thunder didst boldly smite that power which none might equal;
With weapons broughtest low the migbt of Susna, and, Indra, foundest by thy strength the cattle.
Geldner
Du hast da jene Macht, die nicht ihresgleichen hatte, mit der Keule, du Keulenträger, kühn erschlagen. Du strecktest mit deinen Waffen die des Susna nieder; du machtest durch deine Geschicklichkeit die Kühe ausfindig, Indra.
Grassmann
Du zeigtest jene unerreichte Stärke, als kühn du Blitzer mit dem Blitze schlugest; Den Çuschna warfst mit Hieben du zu Boden, gewannst, o Indra, dir mit Kraft die Kühe.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- पङ्क्तिः
- पञ्चमः
18 त्वं ह - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
तुवं᳓ ह त्य᳓द् वृषभ चर्षणीनां᳓
घनो᳓ वृत्रा᳓णां तविषो᳓ बभूथ
तुवं᳓ सि᳓न्धूँर् असृजस् तस्तभाना᳓न्
तुव᳓म् अपो᳓ अजयो दास᳓पत्नीः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वं ह॒ त्यद्वृ॑षभ चर्षणी॒नां घ॒नो वृ॒त्राणां॑ तवि॒षो ब॑भूथ ।
त्वं सिन्धूँ॑रसृजस्तस्तभा॒नान्त्वम॒पो अ॑जयो दा॒सप॑त्नीः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तुवं᳓ ह त्य᳓द् वृषभ चर्षणीनां᳓
घनो᳓ वृत्रा᳓णां तविषो᳓ बभूथ
तुवं᳓ सि᳓न्धूँर् असृजस् तस्तभाना᳓न्
तुव᳓म् अपो᳓ अजयो दास᳓पत्नीः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
carṣaṇīnā́m ← carṣaṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}
ha ← ha (invariable)
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
tyát ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
vr̥ṣabha ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
babhūtha ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
ghanáḥ ← ghaná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
taviṣáḥ ← taviṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vr̥trā́ṇām ← vr̥trá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:PL}
asr̥jaḥ ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
síndhūn ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
tastabhānā́n ← √stambhⁱ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
ajayaḥ ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
dāsápatnīḥ ← dāsápatnī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
त्वम् । ह॒ । त्यत् । वृ॒ष॒भ॒ । च॒र्ष॒णी॒नाम् । घ॒नः । वृ॒त्राणा॑म् । त॒वि॒षः । ब॒भू॒थ॒ ।
त्वम् । सिन्धू॑न् । अ॒सृ॒जः॒ । त॒स्त॒भा॒नान् । त्वम् । अ॒पः । अ॒ज॒यः॒ । दा॒सऽप॑त्नीः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- ha
- [adverb]
- “indeed; ha [word].”
- tyad ← tya
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “that.”
- vṛṣabha
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
- carṣaṇīnāṃ ← carṣaṇīnām ← carṣaṇi
- [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
- “people.”
- ghano ← ghanaḥ ← ghana
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “abhra; cloud; hammer; ghana; hammer; rainy season; tin; iron; ghana [word]; ghana; nutgrass; ball; phlegm.”
- vṛtrāṇāṃ ← vṛtrāṇām ← vṛtra
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “enemy.”
- taviṣo ← taviṣaḥ ← taviṣa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “strong.”
- babhūtha ← bhū
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- sindhūṃr ← sindhu
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”
- asṛjas ← asṛjaḥ ← sṛj
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”
- tastabhānān ← stambh
- [verb noun], accusative, plural
- “paralyze; stiffen; fixate; fixate; stambh; rear; stop; strengthen; constipate.”
- tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- apo ← apaḥ ← ap
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
- ajayo ← ajayaḥ ← ji
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”
- dāsapatnīḥ ← dāsa
- [noun], masculine
- “slave; Dāsa; servant; savage; Shudra.”
- dāsapatnīḥ ← patnīḥ ← patnī
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “wife; mistress; queen.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
त्वं खलु तत् कर्म कृतवानसि । किं तत् । हे वृषभ कामानां वर्षितरिन्द्र चर्षणीनां यष्टॄणां मनुष्याणां भावितानां वृत्राणाम् उपद्रवाणां घनः हन्ता । अमूर्त्यर्थेऽपि छन्दोविषयत्वान्निपातनम् । तादृशस्त्वं तविषः प्रवृद्धो बलवान् वा बभूथ बभूविथ । बभूथा ततन्थ° ’ इतीडभावो निपात्यते । ततः त्वं तस्तभानान् असुरैर्विरुध्यमानाः सिन्धून् सप्त गङ्गाद्याः नदीः सरणाय असृजः। पश्चात् त्वं दासपत्नीः । दासा उपक्षपयितारः शत्रवः । ते पतयः स्वामिनो यासां ताः । ‘ नित्यं सपत्न्यादिषु’ (पा. सू. ४. १. ३५) इत्यत्र ‘दासाञ्च’ इत्युपसंख्यानात् ङीप् । असुरस्वामिकाः अपः अजयः जितवानसि । तानसुराञ्जित्वोदकानि च प्रासृज इत्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“You, showerer, were the mighty destroyer of the hindrances of your worshippers; you did set free theobstructed rivers, you did win the waters which the Dāsas had mastered.”
Jamison Brereton
You then—bull of the settled domains, you became the forceful bane of obstacles.
You released the rivers, which had been blocked. You conquered the
waters whose husband was a Dāsa.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Noteworthy here is the variant on the expression of Indra’s standard deed, vṛtrám √han and esp. his epithet vṛtrahán- in the phrase ghanó vṛtrā́ṇām “the bane of obstacles,” with the nominal ghaná- from √han and a pl. of vṛtrá-.
On √stambh with the waters as obj. see comm. ad II.11.5.
16-18 ...{Loading}...
Jamison Brereton Notes
These three vss. begin tváṃ ha tyád. As elsewhere with this configuration (2ND SG. PRN ha tyád), with a neut. tyád without a neut. referent, ha tyád seems to be strongly emphatic (see a similar sequence in I.63.4-7 and comm. ad loc. as well as ad VI.18.3). I would now be inclined to change the tr. of the three vss. here to “It was just you who …”
Griffith
Then wast thou, Chieftain of all living mortals, the very mighty slayer of the Vrtras.
Then didst thou set the obstructed rivers flowing, and win the floods that were enthralled by Dasas.
Geldner
Du Bulle der Völker wardst da der starke Schlägel der Feinde. Du ließest die festgebannten Flüsse los, du erobertest die Gewässer, deren Herr und Gemahl der Dasa war.
Grassmann
Da wurdest du Gebieter aller Menschen, der bösen Feinde mächtiger Zermalmer; Die eingesperrten Ströme liessest frei du, gewannst die Wasser, die der Dämon festhielt.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
19 स सुक्रतू - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
स᳓ सुक्र᳓तू र᳓णिता यः᳓ सुते᳓षु
अ᳓नुत्तमन्युर् यो᳓ अ᳓हेव रेवा᳓न्
य᳓ ए᳓क इ᳓न् न᳓रि अ᳓पांसि क᳓र्ता
स᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ प्र᳓ति इ᳓द् अन्य᳓म् आहुः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स सु॒क्रतू॒ रणि॑ता॒ यः सु॒तेष्वनु॑त्तमन्यु॒र्यो अहे॑व रे॒वान् ।
य एक॒ इन्नर्यपां॑सि॒ कर्ता॒ स वृ॑त्र॒हा प्रतीद॒न्यमा॑हुः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ सुक्र᳓तू र᳓णिता यः᳓ सुते᳓षु
अ᳓नुत्तमन्युर् यो᳓ अ᳓हेव रेवा᳓न्
य᳓ ए᳓क इ᳓न् न᳓रि अ᳓पांसि क᳓र्ता
स᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ प्र᳓ति इ᳓द् अन्य᳓म् आहुः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ráṇitā ← ráṇitar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sukrátū ← sukrátu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sutéṣu ← √su- (root)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}
yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
áhā ← áhar ~ áhan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
ánuttamanyuḥ ← ánuttamanyu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
iva ← iva (invariable)
revā́n ← revánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ápāṁsi ← ápas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
ékaḥ ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ít ← ít (invariable)
kártā ← kártar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
nári ← nár- (nominal stem)
{gender:N, number:PL}
yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
āhuḥ ← √ah- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
anyám ← anyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
ít ← ít (invariable)
práti ← práti (invariable)
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vr̥trahā́ ← vr̥trahán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
सः । सु॒ऽक्रतुः॑ । रणि॑ता । यः । सु॒तेषु॑ । अनु॑त्तऽमन्युः । यः । अहा॑ऽइव । रे॒वान् ।
यः । एकः॑ । इत् । नरि॑ । अपां॑सि । कर्ता॑ । सः । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । प्रति॑ । इत् । अ॒न्यम् । आ॒हुः॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- sukratū ← su
- [adverb]
- “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
- sukratū ← kratuḥ ← kratu
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
- raṇitā ← raṇ
- [verb], singular, periphrast. future
- “rejoice.”
- yaḥ ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- suteṣv ← suteṣu ← suta
- [noun], locative, plural, masculine
- “Soma.”
- anuttamanyur ← anutta
- [noun]
- “anutta [word]; insuperable.”
- anuttamanyur ← manyuḥ ← manyu
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “anger; fury; rage; wrath.”
- yo ← yaḥ ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- aheva ← ahā ← aha
- [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
- “day; aha [word]; day.”
- aheva ← iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- revān ← revat
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “abundant; rich; affluent; brilliant; brilliant.”
- ya ← yaḥ ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- eka ← ekaḥ ← eka
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
- in ← id
- [adverb]
- “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
- nary ← nari ← nṛ
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
- apāṃsi ← apas
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “work; deed.”
- kartā ← kṛ
- [verb], singular, periphrast. future
- “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vṛtrahā ← vṛtrahan
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra.”
- pratīd ← prati
- [adverb]
- “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”
- pratīd ← id
- [adverb]
- “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
- anyam ← anya
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”
- āhuḥ ← ah
- [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
- “describe; state; say; enumerate; call; name; teach; tell; deem; explain; say; define.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
अथ परोक्षकृताः । सः इन्द्रः सुक्रतुः शोभनप्रज्ञः शोभनकर्मा भवति यः सुतेषु अभिषुतेषु सोमेषु रणिता तत्पानार्थं रमणशीलः किंच अनुत्तमन्युः परैरनुन्नक्रोधः शत्रुभिर्नोत्तुमशक्यः तादृशः यः इन्द्रः रेवान धनवान् । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । अहेव । यथा अहानि दिवसा धनवन्तः। दिवसेषु हि धनानि प्रादुर्भवन्ति न रात्रिषु । तद्वत् । तथा यः इन्द्रः एक इत् असहाय एव नरि कर्मनेतरि मनुष्ये अपांसि कर्माणि कर्ता कर्तुशीलो भवति । ताच्छीलिकस्तृन् । अत एव षष्ठीप्रतिषेधः । सः पूर्वोक्तगुणोपेत इन्द्रः वृत्रहा । अपामावरकस्यासुरस्य उपद्रवस्य वा हन्तृत्वाद्वृत्रहेति सर्वैः श्रूयते । तमेवेन्द्रम् अन्यं प्रति । इत् अवधारणे । अन्यं प्रत्येव आहुः । इन्द्रः सर्वमन्यं शत्रुसंघं प्रति भवति । अभिभवत्येवेति वदन्ति ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“He who noble in his exploits rejoices in the Soma-libations, he whose wrath cannot be repelled and whois wealthy as the days, he who alone performs the rites for his worshipper– he, the slayer of Vṛtra, men say, is amatch for all others.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Who is wealthy as the days: wealth is produced in the days, not in the nights
Jamison Brereton
“He is the very resolute one, who is the enjoyer of the pressings, to whom the battle-fury has been conceded, who is like a rich man
through (all) the days,
who all alone is the performer of manly labors.” “That’s the
Vr̥tra-smiter!” they respond to the other.
Jamison Brereton Notes
As indicated in the published introduction, I interpret this verse as containing a riddle (a-c) and its answer (d), an interpretation at odds with Geldner (flg. Sāyaṇa), who takes all of the verse until its last word as part of a single description of Indra. His rendering of d, “der Vṛtratöter ist (jedem) anderen gewachsen, so sagen sie” is grammatically impossible because āhuḥ ought then to be accented; prátī́d anyám āhuḥ must be a separate clause (as Oldenberg also takes it, though with implausible semantics). In my interpretation the first three pādas present several different descriptions of Indra’s characteristics and activities. Although these descriptions are fairly transparent, they do not name Indra, whereas the first two words of pāda d, sá vṛtrahā́, names him by his standing epithet and serves as answer to the implicit riddle posed by the first three pādas. Although this interpretation is more complex than Geldner’s, it allows us to account for the odd finale of d and especially for the anyám, which by my rules (Fs. Beekes, 1997) should have a definite reading, “the other.” I take this “other” to be the poser of the riddle, and the unidentified speakers of d triumphantly respond to him with the solution. That the first two words of the final two verses of the tṛca (and the hymn) repeat sá vṛtrahā́of 19d, followed by the actual name of the god, lends support to my interpretation of vs. 19.
I tr. loc. sutéṣu in a as if it were a genitive; “enjoyer at the pressings” would be possible, but just a little less parsable in English.
I am somewhat puzzled by the simile of b: yó áheva revā́n. Geldner takes the áhā (so Pp.) as the comparandum with Indra and revā́n as the shared quality (“der wie die (neuen) Tage prangend ist”), but revánt- doesn’t mean ‘resplendent’; rather, as a derivative of rayí-‘ wealth’, it means ‘rich, wealthy’. Moreover, in similes, áhā, marked by iva, several times precedes the actual comparandum and serves as adverbial qualifier - e.g., I.130.2 áhā víśveva sū́ryam “like the sun through all the days” (cf. also áheva in VI.61.9), and so I interpret it here, though I admit it is still not a compelling image.
In c the Saṃhitā text reads náryápāṃsi (as also in I.85.9), with five syllables, suggesting a word separation nári ápāṃsi and so analyzed by Pp. (followed by Aufrecht and Holland & van Nooten Rig Veda edition). But this must represent, one way or another, the collocation náryā + ápāṃsi, found in opposite order even in this same tṛca (21c ápāṃsi náryā; see also IV.19.10, as well as ápāṃsi … náryāṇi VII.21.4; also the bahuvrīhi náryāpas- in nearby VIII.93.1). Grassmann suggests reading *náryā́pāṃsi, as does Oldenberg (ad I.85.9)(see also Macdonell Vedic Reader ad I.85.9), and this “slight emendation” (Macdonell’s words) not only fixes the morphology but also restores a more standard break ( ̮ ̮ _ ) for the three shorts ( ̮ ̮ ̮) found (though the latter break is by no means uncommon). However, Lubotsky apparently takes nári here as the loc. to the noun nṛ́- (the náryápāṃsi passages would contain the only locatives to this stem in the RV), and Geldner adduces the somewhat parallel case of vṛ́śṇi … śávaḥ (V.35.4, VIII.3.10), vṛ́śṇi paúṃsyam (VIII.7.23). Like our nári ápāṃsi / ápāṃsi náryā, the former collocation exists alongside one with a properly formed -iyaadjective, vṛ́ṣṇ(i)yaṃ śávaḥ (VIII.3.8 [same hymn as one of the truncated occurrences], VIII.51.10 IX.64.2). But the easy fix available to the nári ápāṃsi case (lengthening the vowel of ápāṃsi) is not available for the vṛ́ṣṇi examples.
I do not know quite what to do with all this. The vṛ́ṣṇi case looks to me like an artificial truncation that nonetheless was original to the text, while I’m inclined to see nári as a redactional change, perhaps on the model of vṛ́ṣṇi. I am thus willing to follow Grassmann, Oldenberg, and Macdonell in emending to *náryā́pāṃsi. However, these are, to say the least, quite subjective criteria, and I am not at all convinced these views are correct. It is nonetheless possible to sketch a possible but problematic scenario for these developments. The two examples of vṛ́śṇi te śávaḥ are nominal clauses. Cf. ## 10 tád indra vṛ́ṣṇi te śávaḥ, rendered in the published translation “that is your bullish vast power, Indra,” with vṛ́ṣṇi nominally a neut. sg. to an otherwise non-existent i-stem adj. But it might be possible instead to take it as the loc. sg. of vṛ́ṣan-, with vṛ́ṣṇi … śávaḥ “the power is in the bull.” Though in a cursory look I have found no śávaḥ + LOC. constructions in the RV, other abstract words for power do figure in such syntagms (including in our hymn, VIII.96.3). See, e.g., V.33.6 papṛkṣéṇyam indra tvé hí ójaḥ, nṛmṇā́ni ca … “For, Indra, in you are strength to be nurtured and manly powers.” There are two fundamental problems with this suggestion: 1) the zero-grade loc. -ni to -an-stems is not found in the RV; we find only full-grade -ani; 2) it is hard to construe the te, since the bull and 2nd ps. Indra are coreferential. “This power of yours is in (you,) the bull” is awkward and unlikely. A bolder hypothesis - bolder than I would venture - would link these two problems and reconstruct an underlying syntagm *vṛ́ṣaṇi śávaḥ with full-grade loc. and no enclitic pronoun. When the posited vṛ́ṣaṇi reduced to vṛ́ṣṇi (perhaps because of association with adjectival vṛ́ṣṇ(i)ya-), te was introduced to maintain the metrical shape. There are no other attested examples of the loc. sg. of vṛ́ṣan- in the RV to support the trisyllabic reading. In any case, in this scenario the old loc. would be reinterpreted as an endingless adjectival or adverbial element in this collocation, alternating with syntactically impeccable vṛ́ṣṇ(i)yaṃ śávaḥ. With this set up, we can get nári on this model: vṛ́ṣṇ(i)yaṃ śávaḥ : vṛ́śṇi … śávaḥ ápāṃsi náryā : nári ápāṃsi I believe this development was redactional rather than found in the ur-text. First because vṛ́śṇi … śávaḥ is a plausible neut. sg. phrase, but with the pl. ápāṃsi an endingless nári is more difficult. Moreover, an abstract quality located in a being (like “strength is in the bull”) is a much more likely notion than “labors are in the man.” And the metrical evidence strongly favors an original *náryā́pāṃsi, though it does not entirely rule out the short vowel.
But I lay out this scenario very skeptically, primarily because of the wrong grade in the posited loc. sg. Here I would point out that the same trouble would afflict any attempt to explain vṛ́ṣṇ(i)ya- as a thematic descasuative derivative from a locative by pointing to the two synchronically alternating syntagms here. Such a derivation for *-(i)yo-possessive adjectives in general has been proposed (see Balles, Sprache 39 [1997 (2000)] 141-67, cited from Meier-Brügger, Indo-European Linguistics, 283-84, for which ref. I thank Jesse Lundquist). I do not believe that the last word has been said about this issue.
Griffith
Most wise is he, rejoicing in libations, splendid as day, resistless in his anger.
He only doth great deeds, the only Hero, sole Vrtra-slayer he, with none beside him.
Geldner
Er ist der Einsichtsvolle, der an den Somasäften sich ergötzt, dessen Grimm man nachgibt, der wie die neuen Tage prangend ist, der allein Mannestaten vollführt; der Vritratöter ist jedem anderen gewachsen, so sagen sie.
Grassmann
Er ist voll Stärke, der sich labt an Tränken, voll mächt’gen Zorns, der Schätze hat wie Tage, Er, der allein vollbringt die Heldenwerke, der Vritrafeind, so spricht man zu einander.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- पादनिचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
20 स वृत्रहेन्द्रश्चर्षणीधृत्तम् - त्रिष्टुप्
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स᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ इ᳓न्दरश्+ चर्षणीधृ᳓त्
तं᳓ सुष्टुतिया᳓ ह᳓वियं हुवेम
स᳓ प्राविता᳓ मघ᳓वा नो ऽधिवक्ता᳓
स᳓ वा᳓जस्य श्रवसि᳓यस्य दाता᳓
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स वृ॑त्र॒हेन्द्र॑श्चर्षणी॒धृत्तं सु॑ष्टु॒त्या हव्यं॑ हुवेम ।
स प्रा॑वि॒ता म॒घवा॑ नोऽधिव॒क्ता स वाज॑स्य श्रव॒स्य॑स्य दा॒ता ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ इ᳓न्दरश्+ चर्षणीधृ᳓त्
तं᳓ सुष्टुतिया᳓ ह᳓वियं हुवेम
स᳓ प्राविता᳓ मघ᳓वा नो ऽधिवक्ता᳓
स᳓ वा᳓जस्य श्रवसि᳓यस्य दाता᳓
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
carṣaṇīdhŕ̥t ← carṣaṇīdhŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vr̥trahā́ ← vr̥trahán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
hávyam ← hávya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
huvema ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:MED}
suṣṭutyā́ ← suṣṭutí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
adhivaktā́ ← adhivaktár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
maghávā ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
prāvitā́ ← prāvitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
dātā́ ← dātár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
śravasyàsya ← śravasyà- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
vā́jasya ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
सः । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । इन्द्रः॑ । च॒र्ष॒णि॒ऽधृत् । तम् । सु॒ऽस्तु॒त्या । हव्य॑म् । हु॒वे॒म॒ ।
सः । प्र॒ऽअ॒वि॒ता । म॒घऽवा॑ । नः॒ । अ॒धि॒ऽव॒क्ता । सः । वाज॑स्य । श्र॒व॒स्य॑स्य । दा॒ता ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vṛtrahendraś ← vṛtrahā ← vṛtrahan
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra.”
- vṛtrahendraś ← indraḥ ← indra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- carṣaṇīdhṛt ← carṣaṇī
- [noun], feminine
- carṣaṇīdhṛt ← dhṛt
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “maintaining.”
- taṃ ← tam ← tad
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- suṣṭutyā ← suṣṭuti
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “hymn; praise.”
- havyaṃ ← havyam ← hu
- [verb noun], accusative, singular
- “sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”
- huvema ← hvā
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- “raise; call on; call; summon.”
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- prāvitā ← prāvitṛ
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- maghavā ← maghavan
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “big.”
- no ← naḥ ← mad
- [noun], genitive, plural
- “I; mine.”
- ‘dhivaktā ← adhivaktā ← adhivaktṛ
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vājasya ← vāja
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”
- śravasyasya ← śravasya
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- dātā ← dā
- [verb], singular, periphrast. future
- “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
वृत्रहा वृत्रस्य हन्ता सः इन्द्रः चर्षणीधृत् मनुष्याणां धनादिदानेन पोषको भवति । तम् इन्द्रं वयं सुष्टुत्या शोभनया स्तुत्या हुवेम अस्मद्यज्ञेष्वाह्वयामः । किमर्थं यूयमाह्वयथेति चेत् कारणं ब्रूमः । सः इन्द्रः प्राविता प्रकर्षेणास्माकं रक्षिता भवति । किंच मघवा धनवानिन्द्रः नः अस्माकम् अधिवक्ता अधिकं वक्ता बहुमानेन वक्ता भवति । यद्वा । धनदानेनास्मानधिकं वक्तुमर्हति । अर्हे कृत्यतृचश्च’ (पा. सू. ३. ३. १६९ ) इति तृच् । किंच सः एवेन्द्रः श्रवस्यस्य श्रवसः कीर्तेर्निमित्तस्य वाजस्य अन्नस्य । यद्वा । श्रवसोऽन्नस्य हिताय वाजस्य बलस्य । दाता भवति खलु । तस्मादेवंगुणमिन्द्रं वयमाह्वयामः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Indra is the slayer of Vṛtra, the cherisher of men; let us invoke him worthy of invocation, with anexcellent hymn; he is Maghavan, our protector, our encourager, he is the bestower of food that brings fame.”
Jamison Brereton
That’s the Vr̥tra-smiter—Indra, sustainer of the settled domains. Him who is to be invoked would we invoke with a lovely praise hymn.
He is our bounteous helper, our advocate. He is the giver of the prize deserving of fame.
Griffith
Indra is Vrtra’s slayer, man’s sustainer: he must be called; with fair praise let us call him.
Maghavan is our Helper, our Protector, giver of spoil and wealth to make us famous.
Geldner
Dieser Indra ist der Vritratöter, der Völkerregent. Ihn wollen wir anrufen als den mit Lobpreis Anzurufenden. Der Gabenreiche ist unser Gönner und Fürsprecher, er der Verschenker rühmlichen Gewinns.
Grassmann
Den Vritrafeind, den festen Hort der Menschen, lasst preisen uns mit Lob, den preisenswerthen; Er ist uns mächt’ger Helfer und Ermuntrer, und er der Geber hochberühmter Labung.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- निचृत्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
21 स वृत्रहेन्द्र - त्रिष्टुप्
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स᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ इ᳓न्दर+ ऋभुक्षाः᳓
सद्यो᳓ जज्ञानो᳓ ह᳓वियो बभूव
कृण्व᳓न्न् अ᳓पांसि न᳓रिया पुरू᳓णि
सो᳓मो न᳓ पीतो᳓ ह᳓वियः स᳓खिभ्यः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स वृ॑त्र॒हेन्द्र॑ ऋभु॒क्षाः स॒द्यो ज॑ज्ञा॒नो हव्यो॑ बभूव ।
कृ॒ण्वन्नपां॑सि॒ नर्या॑ पु॒रूणि॒ सोमो॒ न पी॒तो हव्यः॒ सखि॑भ्यः ॥
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अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - तिरश्चीराङ्गिरसो द्युतानो वा मारुतः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ इ᳓न्दर+ ऋभुक्षाः᳓
सद्यो᳓ जज्ञानो᳓ ह᳓वियो बभूव
कृण्व᳓न्न् अ᳓पांसि न᳓रिया पुरू᳓णि
सो᳓मो न᳓ पीतो᳓ ह᳓वियः स᳓खिभ्यः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Strophic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
r̥bhukṣā́ḥ ← r̥bhukṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vr̥trahā́ ← vr̥trahán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
babhūva ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
hávyaḥ ← hávya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
jajñānáḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
sadyás ← sadyás (invariable)
ápāṁsi ← ápas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
kr̥ṇván ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
náryā ← nárya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
purū́ṇi ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
hávyaḥ ← hávya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
pītáḥ ← √pā- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
sákhibhyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}
sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
सः । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । इन्द्रः॑ । ऋ॒भु॒क्षाः । स॒द्यः । ज॒ज्ञा॒नः । हव्यः॑ । ब॒भू॒व॒ ।
कृ॒ण्वन् । अपां॑सि । नर्या॑ । पु॒रूणि॑ । सोमः॑ । न । पी॒तः । हव्यः॑ । सखि॑ऽभ्यः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vṛtrahendra ← vṛtrahā ← vṛtrahan
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra.”
- vṛtrahendra ← indraḥ ← indra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- ṛbhukṣāḥ ← ṛbhukṣan
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “Indra.”
- sadyo ← sadyas
- [adverb]
- “immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”
- jajñāno ← jajñānaḥ ← jan
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
- havyo ← havyaḥ ← hvā
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “raise; call on; call; summon.”
- babhūva ← bhū
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
- kṛṇvann ← kṛṇvan ← kṛ
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
- apāṃsi ← apas
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “work; deed.”
- naryā ← narya
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”
- purūṇi ← puru
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “many; much(a); very.”
- somo ← somaḥ ← soma
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- pīto ← pītaḥ ← pā
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”
- havyaḥ ← hvā
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “raise; call on; call; summon.”
- sakhibhyaḥ ← sakhi
- [noun], dative, plural, masculine
- “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
सायण-भाष्यम्
ऋभुक्षाः महान् । यद्वा । ऋभुशब्देनर्भ्वादयस्त्रयो गृह्यन्ते । ऋभुभिः सह क्षियति निवसतीति तादृशः। वृत्रहा सः इन्द्रः सद्यः तदानीमेव जज्ञानः प्रादुर्भवन् हव्यः सर्वैः स्तोतृभिः यष्टॄभिराह्वातव्यो बभूव । किंच नर्या नर्याणि । नरा मनुष्याः कर्मनेतारः । तेभ्यो हितानि पुरूणि बहूनि अपांसि कर्माणि कृण्वन् कुर्वन् सखिभ्यः हविष्प्रदानेनोपकारकत्वान्मित्रेभ्य ऋत्विग्भ्यः हव्यः आह्वातव्यो हवनयोग्यो वाभूत् । तत्र दृष्टान्तः। सोमो न यथा पीतः सोमो यष्टृभ्यः स्वर्गादिफलानि कुर्वन् देवैराह्वातव्यो भवति तद्वत् ॥ ॥ ३५ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“As soon as he was born, he, Indra, the slayer of Vṛtra, the chief of the Ṛbhus, was worthy to beinvoked; he, performing many sacred acts for men, is worthy to be invoked for his friends like the quaffed Soma.”
Jamison Brereton
That’s the Vr̥tra-smiter—Indra, the master of the R̥bhus. As soon as he was born, he became one to be invoked.
Performing many manly labors, like soma when drunk he is to be
invoked by his comrades.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Note the full syntagm ápāṃsi náryā responding to the náryápāṃsi in 19c.
Gerundives occasionally take dative agents, like sákhibhyaḥ here. Cf., e.g., I.33.2 stotṛ́bhyo hávyaḥ. ## 097 Indra VIII.97.1-3, 4-6: All three verses of the first tṛca begin with a form of rel. yáfollowed by voc. indra. Pāda 2c mimics this opening with yá(jamāne). The first two verses of the following tṛca (4-6) continue this pattern, if somewhat raggedly: 4a yác cakra, 5a yád, 5c yát.
Griffith
This Indra, Vrtra-slayer, this Rbhuksan, even at his birth, was meet for invocation.
Doer of many deeds for man’s advantage, like Soma quaffed, for friends we must invoke him.
Geldner
Dieser Indra ist der Vritratöter, der Altmeister. Eben geboren ward er sogleich anzurufen, viele mannhafte Taten vollführend, wie der getrunkene Soma für die Freunde anzurufen.
Grassmann
Der Vritrafeind und Ribhuherrscher, Indra, geboren kaum war schon er anzurufen, Vollbringend viele männlich kühne Werke, den Freunden preislich wie getrunkner Soma.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- तिरश्चीरद्युतानो वा मरुतः
- विराट्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः