०९४

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सायण-भाष्यम्

दशमेऽनुवाके दश सूक्तानि । तत्र ‘गौर्धयति’ इति द्वादशर्चमाद्यं सूक्तमाङ्गिरसस्य बिन्दुनाम्नः पूतदक्षनाम्नो वार्षं गायत्रं मरुद्देवताकम् । तथा चानुक्रम्यते- ‘ गौर्धयति द्वादश बिन्दुः पूतदक्षो वा मारुतम्’ इति । सूक्तविनियोगो लैङ्गिकः । प्रातःसवने सोमातिरिक्त एकं शस्त्रमुपजायते । तत्राद्यस्तृचोऽनुरूपः । सूत्रितं च - ‘अस्ति सोमो अयं सुतो गौर्धयति मरुतामिति स्तोत्रियानुरूपौ’ (आश्व. श्रौ. ६. ७) इति ॥

Jamison Brereton

94 (703)
Maruts
Bindu Āṅgirasa or Pūtadakṣa Āṅgirasa
12 verses: gāyatrī, arranged in trcas ̥
This hymn, focused on soma-drinking, is a curious mix of almost vapid simplic ity and baffling obscurity. Although the Anukramaṇī assigns the whole hymn to the Maruts, it has several features that deviate markedly from the general pattern of Marut hymns. To begin with the clearest, the second tr̥ca (vss. 4–6) names a number of gods as drinkers of the soma being presented: not only the Maruts (vs. 4), but the Aśvins (vs. 4), Indra (vs. 6), and the Ādityas, both as a body (vs. 4) and separately (vs. 5). By contrast, in the remaining tr̥cas (vss. 7–9, 10–12) only the Maruts are mentioned, but they are several times qualified by epithets and actions that are ordinarily the province of other gods: for example, “having refined skill” (vss. 7 and 10), generally used of one or more of the Ādityas; “mountain-dwell
ing” (vs. 12), usually of Soma. Since the lexicon of Marut hymns is often tightly limited, this borrowing of attributes is somewhat remarkable. Similarly the cos mogonic acts of spreading out the cosmic realms (vs. 9) and propping apart the two world-halves (vs. 11) are Indra’s signature deeds, not otherwise attributed to the Maruts.
It is the first tr̥ca (vss. 1–3) that is the most problematic, however. It ends (vs. 3c) exactly as the third tr̥ca ends (9c), and with a variant of the formula found in all three verses of the final tr̥ca (vss. 10–12), in all cases inviting “the Maruts to drink the soma.” But the hymn begins with a paradox (vs. 1), a cow who herself sucks rather than giving suck, a cow identified as the mother of the Maruts and also, in a sharply different animal metaphor, as the draft-horse of their chariots. In the second verse this female figure seems to transform into, or be identified with, Aditi: “the lap of Aditi” is a common phrase. It is this idiom that gives some clue as to the intent of the first two verses. “The lap of Aditi” seems elsewhere to refer to the ritual ground, or some part of it or some vessel associated with it, and soma is prepared or deposited in this lap. The statement that “the gods cause their commandments to be upheld” in this lap is a way of saying that the ritual activities of mortals sacrificing to the gods keep the cosmos functioning, so that, for example, the sun and the moon can be seen. As for the first verse, Pr̥śni, the mother of the Maruts, is in a few mysterious passages (notably IV.5.7, 10) also apparently identified with some part of the ritual ground or equipment, and so Aditi (in “the lap of Aditi”) and Pr̥śni can be superimposed on each other. If “the cow” of verse 1 is the ritual ground (or some part thereof or piece thereon) as Pr̥śni, she “sucks” by receiving the oblation, and she is the draft-horse of the Maruts’ chariots in providing the occasion for their journey.
The identification of the Maruts’ mother with Aditi in the first tr̥ca and the ascription to them of epithets and activities characteristic of other gods in the rest of the hymn presumably stem from the same motive: to universalize the Maruts and make them a species of All Gods.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Maruts

01 गौर्धयति मरुताम् - गायत्री

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गउ᳓र् धयति मरु᳓तां᳐
श्रवस्यु᳓र् माता᳓ मघो᳓नाम्
युक्ता᳓ व᳓ह्नी र᳓थाना᳐म्

02 यस्या देवा - गायत्री

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य᳓स्या देवा᳓ उप᳓स्थे
व्रता᳓ वि᳓श्वे धार᳓यन्ते
सू᳓रियामा᳓सा दृशे᳓ क᳓म्

03 तत्सु नो - गायत्री

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त᳓त् सु᳓ नो वि᳓श्वे अर्य᳓ आ᳓
स᳓दा गृणन्ति कार᳓वः
मरु᳓तः सो᳓मपीतये

04 अस्ति सोमो - गायत्री

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अ᳓स्ति सो᳓मो अयं᳓ सुतः᳓
पि᳓बन्ति अस्य मरु᳓तः
उत᳓ स्वरा᳓जो अश्वि᳓ना

05 पिबन्ति मित्रो - गायत्री

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पि᳓बन्ति मित्रो᳓ अर्यमा᳓
त᳓ना पूत᳓स्य व᳓रुणः
त्रिषधस्थ᳓स्य जा᳓वतः

06 उतो न्वस्य - गायत्री

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उतो᳓ नु᳓ अस्य जो᳓षम् आँ᳓
इ᳓न्द्रः सुत᳓स्य गो᳓मतः
प्रात᳓र् हो᳓तेव मत्सति

07 कदत्विषन्त सूरयस्तिर - गायत्री

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क᳓द् अत्विषन्त सूर᳓यस्
तिर᳓ आ᳓प इव स्रि᳓धः
अ᳓र्षन्ति पूत᳓दक्षसः

08 कद्वो अद्य - गायत्री

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क᳓द् वो अद्य᳓ महा᳓नां᳐
देवा᳓ना᳐म् अ᳓वो वृणे
त्म᳓ना च दस्म᳓वर्चसाम्

09 आ ये - गायत्री

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आ᳓ ये᳓ वि᳓श्वा पा᳓र्थिवानि
पप्र᳓थन् रोचना᳓ दिवः᳓
मरु᳓तः सो᳓मपीतये

10 त्यान्नु पूतदक्षसो - गायत्री

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तिया᳓न् नु᳓ पूत᳓दक्षसो
दिवो᳓ वो मरुतो हुवे
अस्य᳓ सो᳓मस्य पीत᳓ये

11 त्यान्नु ये - गायत्री

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तिया᳓न् नु᳓ ये᳓ वि᳓ रो᳓दसी
तस्तभु᳓र् मरु᳓तो हुवे
अस्य᳓ सो᳓मस्य पीत᳓ये

12 त्यं नु - गायत्री

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तियं᳓ नु᳓ मा᳓रुतं गणं᳓
गिरिष्ठां᳓ वृ᳓षणं हुवे
अस्य᳓ सो᳓मस्य पीत᳓ये