०८४

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प्र᳓यिष्ठं+ वो अ᳓तिथिं
स्तुषे᳓ मित्र᳓म् इव प्रिय᳓म्
अग्निं᳓ र᳓थं न᳓ वे᳓दियम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
átithim ← átithi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

préṣṭham ← préṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, mood:OPT}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

iva ← iva (invariable)

mitrám ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

priyám ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

stuṣé ← √stu- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

agním ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

védyam ← védya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

प्रेष्ठ॑म् । वः॒ । अति॑थिम् । स्तु॒षे । मि॒त्रम्ऽइ॑व । प्रि॒यम् ।
अ॒ग्निम् । रथ॑म् । न । वेद्य॑म् ॥

• preṣṭhaṃ ← preṣṭham ← preṣṭha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “dearest.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• atithiṃ ← atithim ← atithi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “guest; atithi [word]; Atithi.”

• stuṣe ← stu
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• mitram ← mitra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• priyam ← priya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

• agniṃ ← agnim ← agni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vedyam ← vid
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

हे यजमानाः प्रेष्ठं युष्माकं धनदानेन प्रियतमम् अतिथिं युप्माभिरतिथिवत्पूज्यम् । यद्वा । ‘ अत सातत्यगमने ‘। ‘ऋतन्यञ्जि°’ इत्यादिना अतेरिथिन् । सततं देवानां हविः प्रदातुं गच्छन्तम् । मित्रमिव सखायमिव प्रियं स्तोतुः प्रीणनकरं रथं न रथमिव वेद्यम् । वेदो धनम् । धनहितं लाभहेतुम् । यथा रथी रथेन धनं लभते तद्वत्स्तोतारोऽनेन धनं लभन्ते । तादृशं धनलाभकारणम् अग्निं वः युष्मत्कर्मसिद्ध्यर्थं स्तुषे काव्य उशनाः स्तौमि ॥ ।

English translation:

“I praise Agni your most beloved guest, dear as a friend, who brings wealth as a chariot.”

The dearest guest will I praise for you—dear like an ally—
Agni, worth acquiring like a chariot,

I take védyam to √vid ‘find, acquire’ rather than √vid ‘know’, contra the standard view. I think it more likely that Vedic people (read, men) wanted to get a chariot rather than just know about it, and the renderings of the adj. show translators’ discomfort with the root assignment: Geldner “wie ein Streitwagen denkwürdig,” Renou “reconnaissable comme un char,” Klein (DGRV II.122) “conspicuous like a chariot.” None of these senses is really proper to √vid ‘know’. For the image, see II.2.3 and VIII.19.8.

AGNI, your dearest Guest, I laud, him who is loving as a friend,
Who brings us riches like a car.

Euren lieben Gast preise ich, der beliebt wie ein Freund ist, den Agni, der wie ein Streitwagen denkwürdig ist,

Ich rühme euren liebsten Gast, wie einen werthgeschätzten Freund, Den Agni, der als Held berühmt.

Я хочу восхвалять самого приятного
Вашего гостя, приятного, как друг,
Агни, известного, как колесница,

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• पादनिचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

कवि᳓म् इव प्र᳓चेतसं
यं᳓ देवा᳓सो अ᳓ध द्विता᳓
नि᳓ म᳓र्तियेषु आदधुः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
iva ← iva (invariable)

kavím ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

prácetasam ← prácetas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ádha ← ádha (invariable)

devā́saḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

dvitā́ ← dvitā́ (invariable)

yám ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ādadhúḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

mártyeṣu ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

ní ← ní (invariable)

क॒विम्ऽइ॑व । प्रऽचे॑तसम् । यम् । दे॒वासः॑ । अध॑ । द्वि॒ता ।
नि । मर्त्ये॑षु । आ॒ऽद॒धुः ॥

• kavim ← kavi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• pracetasaṃ ← pracetasam ← pracetas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “intelligent; mindful; attentive; wise; apt; observant.”

• yaṃ ← yam ← yad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• devāso ← devāsaḥ ← deva
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• adha
• [adverb]
• “then; and; therefore; now.”

• dvitā
• [adverb]
• “again.”

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• martyeṣv ← martyeṣu ← martya
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”

• ādadhuḥ ← ādhā ← √dhā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “put; conceive; ignite; keep; effect; fuel; lend; cover; direct.”

अध अपि च देवासः देवा इन्द्रादयः यम् अग्निं मर्त्येषु मनुष्येषु द्विता द्विधा नि आदधुः गार्हपत्याहवनीयात्मकत्वेन द्विधा निहितवन्तः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः। कविमिव प्रचेतसम् । प्रकृष्टज्ञानं कविं क्रान्तकर्माणं पुरुषं यथा द्विधा कार्यद्वयेऽन्यो नियोजयति तद्वत् । यद्वा । दिवि पृथिव्यां च निहितवन्तः । भूमौ तु हविराहरणार्थं दिवि तु हविष्प्रदानार्थमिति द्वैधं विधानं कृतवन्त इत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Whom he gods have set like a wise seer in a two-fold function among mortals.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Two-fold function: Agni‘stwo functions are the gārhapatya and āhavanīya fires, or it may refer to his offices connected with thesaacrifice in heaven and earth

Him, discerning like a sage poet, whom the gods now once again
have set down among mortals.

According to Geldner (probably correctly), this vs. refers to Agni’s flight and subsequent discovery and reinstallation by the gods.

Whom as a far-foreseeing Sage the Gods have, from the olden time,
Established among mortal men.

Vorausdenkend wie ein Seher, den die Götter da abermals bei den Menschen eingesetzt haben.

Der weise wie ein Seher ist, und den die Götter lange schon Bei Menschen haben eingesetzt.

Прозорливого, как поэт,
(Того,) кого боги с самого начала
Устроили среди смертных.

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुवं᳓ यविष्ठ दाशु᳓षो
नॄँ᳓ः पाहि शृणुधी᳓ गि᳓रः
र᳓क्षा तोक᳓म् उत᳓ त्म᳓ना

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dāśúṣaḥ ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

yaviṣṭha ← yáviṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

gíraḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

nr̥̄́n ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

pāhi ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śr̥ṇudhí ← √śru- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rákṣa ← √rakṣⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tmánā ← tmán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

tokám ← toká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

त्वम् । य॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ । दा॒शुषः॑ । नॄन् । पा॒हि॒ । शृ॒णु॒धि । गिरः॑ ।
रक्ष॑ । तो॒कम् । उ॒त । त्मना॑ ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• yaviṣṭha
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “youngest.”

• dāśuṣo ← dāśuṣaḥ ← dāś
• [verb noun], accusative, plural
• “sacrifice; give.”

• nṝṃḥ ← nṝn ← nṛ
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• pāhi ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “protect; govern.”

• śṛṇudhī ← śṛṇudhi ← śru
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• giraḥ ← gir
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• rakṣā ← rakṣa ← rakṣ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

• tokam ← toka
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “offspring.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• tmanā ← tman
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “self.”

हे यविष्ठ युवतम । यद्वा । यौतेस्तृजन्तस्येष्टनि रूपम् । देवानां हविषां मिश्रयितृतमाग्ने त्वं दाशुषः हविर्दत्तवतः नॄन् कर्मणां नेतॄन् यजमानान् पाहि धनादिदानेन रक्ष । नॄँः पाहीत्यत्र संहितायां नॄन्पे’ (पा. सू. ८. ३. १० ) इति नकारस्य रुत्वम् । अत्रानुनासिकः’ ( पा. सू. ८. ३. २ ) इति पूर्वस्यानुनासिकः । किंच गिरः त्वद्विषयाः स्तुतीः शृणुधि अवहितः सञ्छृणु । ‘श्रु श्रवणे’। ‘श्रुशृणुपॄ’ इत्यादिना हेर्ध्यादेशः । उत अपि च त्मना आत्मनैव स्वयमेव तोकम् अस्मदीयं तनयं पुत्रं रक्ष पालय । त्मनेति सर्वत्र संबध्यते । आत्मना स्वयमेव रक्ष । त्वदन्यं पालयितारं न विन्दामः । त्वमेवास्मदीयं स्तोत्रं शृणु ॥

English translation:

“Ever-youthful (Agni), protect your offerers, hear our praises, and thyself guard our offspring.”

You, youngest one—protect pious men; listen to their hymns.
Guard their lineage along with their life.

Do thou, Most Youthful God, protect the men who offer, hear their songs,
And of thyself preserve their seed.

Du, Jüngster, schütze die opferspendenden Männer, höre auf die Lobreden, behüte unseren Samen und uns selbst!

Die frommen Männer, jüngster du, beschütze und vernimm ihr Lied, Behüte ihre Kinder auch.

Ты, о самый юный, храни
Поклоняющихся (тебе) мужей, слушай песни,
Защищай (наше) потомство, а также нас самих!

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

क᳓या ते अग्ने अङ्गिर
ऊ᳓र्जो नपाद् उ᳓पस्तुतिम्
व᳓राय देव मन्य᳓वे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
agne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

aṅgiraḥ ← áṅgiras- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

káyā ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

napāt ← nápat- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

úpastutim ← úpastuti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ū́rjaḥ ← ū́rj- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

deva ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

manyáve ← manyú- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

várāya ← vára- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

कया॑ । ते॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । अ॒ङ्गि॒रः॒ । ऊर्जः॑ । न॒पा॒त् । उप॑ऽस्तुतिम् ।
वरा॑य । दे॒व॒ । म॒न्यवे॑ ॥

• kayā ← ka
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• aṅgira ← aṅgiraḥ ← aṅgiras
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”

• ūrjo ← ūrjaḥ ← ūrj
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

• napād ← napāt
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “grandson; nephew; napāt [word].”

• upastutim ← upastuti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “praise; applause.”

• varāya ← vara
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “gift; favor; wish; privilege; varac; wages.”

• deva
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• manyave ← manyu
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “anger; fury; rage; wrath.”

हे अङ्गिरः अङ्गिरसां वरिष्ठ । यद्वा । अङ्गति सर्वत्र गच्छतीत्यङ्गिराः । तादृश हे ऊर्जो नपात् । नपादित्यपत्यनाम । अन्नस्य पुत्र । हविर्भिर्वर्धमानत्वात् । यद्वा । नपादिति नप्ता । हविर्लक्षणस्यान्नस्य नप्तः । ‘अग्नौ प्रास्ताहुतिः सम्यगादित्यमुपतिष्ठते । आदित्याज्जायते वृष्टिः’ इति । वृष्टेरोषधय ओषधीभ्योऽग्निरित्यन्नस्य नप्ता । हे देव द्योतमान अग्ने वराय सर्वैर्वरणीयाय मन्यवे शत्रूनतिमन्यमानाय ते तुभ्यं कया कीदृश्या वाचा उपस्तुतिम् उपस्तोत्रमहं भरेयम् । त्वं महान् खल्वहमल्पः । तदर्थं स्तुतिं कुर्यामित्यृषिरग्निं प्रति वदति ॥ ।

English translation:

“Divine Agni Aṅgirasa, son of food, with what voice (shall I utter) my praise to you, most excellentscorner of enemies?”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Son of food: grandson of the sacrificial offering

In what fashion (shall we present) a praise invocation to you, o Agni, Aṅgiras, child of nourishment,
(fit) for your desire, your fervor?

This vs. lacks a verb to govern úpastutim. I supply a form of (prá) √bhṛ ‘present, bring’, which takes úpastutim as object elsewhere (+prá IV.56.5, VIII.62.1; simplex I.148.2). There is, unfortunately, no contextual support for it within the hymn, however. Geldner supplies ‘make’, which is not impossible but has no contextual support, and the putative VP úpastutim √kṛ is not otherwise found. Renou’s tr.

“(présenter)” seems to agree with mine, but in his n. he claims to be supplying vocaḥ on the basis of vs. 5 (where the form is actually, per Pp [and most tr., incl. Renou] voce).

Although this contextual support would be good to have, oddly enough no verbs of speaking take úpastuti- as obj. (and, as just noted, Renou’s tr. doesn’t reflect his statement in the n.).

What is the praise wherewith, O God, Afigiras, Agni, Son of Strength,
We, after thine own wish and thought,

Durch welche Rede, o Agni Angiras, Kind der Kraft, können wir den Lobpreis dir nach Wunsch und Absicht machen, o Gott?

Wie sollen Agni Angiras, o Sohn der Kraft, wir Lob, o Gott, Dir bringen recht nach Wunsch und Sinn?

Каким (образом), о Агни Ангирас,
О отпрыск питательной силы (сложить) восхваление
По твоему вкусу (и) буйному праву, о бог?

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

दा᳓शेम क᳓स्य म᳓नसा
यज्ञ᳓स्य सहसो यहो
क᳓द् उ वोच इदं᳓ न᳓मः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dā́śema ← √dāś- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kásya ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

mánasā ← mánas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

sahasaḥ ← sáhas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

yaho ← yahú- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yajñásya ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

idám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

kát ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

námaḥ ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

voce ← √vac- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

दाशे॑म । कस्य॑ । मन॑सा । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । स॒ह॒सः॒ । य॒हो॒ इति॑ ।
कत् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । वो॒चे॒ । इ॒दम् । नमः॑ ॥

• dāśema ← dāś
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “sacrifice; give.”

• kasya ← ka
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• manasā ← manas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “mind; Manas; purpose; idea; attention; heart; decision; manas [word]; manas [indecl.]; spirit; temper; intelligence.”

• yajñasya ← yajña
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• sahaso ← sahasaḥ ← sahas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”

• yaho ← yahu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “offspring.”

• kad ← ka
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• voca ← voce ← vac
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”

• idaṃ ← idam
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• namaḥ ← namas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

ऋषिरग्निं प्रति ब्रूते । हे सहसो यहो । यहुरित्यपत्यनाम । बलेन निष्पाद्यमानत्वाद्बलस्य पुत्र हे अग्ने कस्य कीदृशस्य यज्ञस्य यज्ञवतो यजनीयदेववतो यजमानस्य मनसा युक्ताः सन्तो हवींषि तुभ्यं वयं दाशेम प्रयच्छेम । पूजायां बहुवचनम् । किंच तुभ्यम् इदं नमः हविर्नमस्कारं वा कत् कदा वोचे अहं वदामि । उ इति प्रश्ने । ऋषिः कदा यक्ष्यामि कदा स्तोष्यामीत्यग्निं पृच्छति । वोचे । वच्यादेशस्य लुङ्यात्मनेपद उत्तमैकवचने रूपम् ॥ ॥ ५ ॥

English translation:

“Son of strength, what worshipper’s (offerings) shall we present to you with devoted mind, and whenshall I utter to you this praise?”

With our mind on what sacrifice might we do pious service, o youthful (son) of strength?
And what shall I speak as homage here?

May serve thee, O thou Child of Power, and with what sacrifice’s plan?
What prayer shall I now speak to thee?

Mit welchem Gedanken an das Opfer sollen wir dir aufwarten, jüngster Sohn der Kraft? Was soll ich jetzt als Anbetung sprechen?

Mit welchem frommen Geiste dir, o Sohn der Stärke, huldigen? Wie soll ich sprechen dies Gebet?

С мыслью о какой жертве
Мы хотим почтить (тебя), о юный сын силы?
Что за поклонение мне выразить?

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓धा तुवं᳓ हि᳓ नस् क᳓रो
वि᳓श्वा अस्म᳓भ्यं सुक्षितीः᳓
वा᳓जद्रविणसो गि᳓रः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ádha ← ádha (invariable)

hí ← hí (invariable)

káraḥ ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

asmábhyam ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

sukṣitī́ḥ ← sukṣití- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

víśvāḥ ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

gíraḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vā́jadraviṇasaḥ ← vā́jadraviṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

अध॑ । त्वम् । हि । नः॒ । करः॑ । विश्वाः॑ । अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् । सु॒ऽक्षि॒तीः ।
वाज॑ऽद्रविणसः । गिरः॑ ॥

• adhā ← adha
• [adverb]
• “then; and; therefore; now.”

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• nas ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• karo ← karaḥ ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• viśvā ← viśvāḥ ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• asmabhyaṃ ← asmabhyam ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• sukṣitīḥ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sukṣitīḥ ← kṣitīḥ ← kṣiti
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”

• vājadraviṇaso ← vāja
• [noun], masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vājadraviṇaso ← draviṇasaḥ ← draviṇas
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “property.”

• giraḥ ← gir
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

हे अग्ने अध अनन्तरं त्वम् । हिरवधारणे । त्वमेव अस्मभ्यं करः कुरु । देहीत्यर्थः । करोतेः । लेट्यडागमः । किमित्यपेक्षायामाह । नः अस्मदीयाः गिरः त्वद्विषयाः विश्वाः सर्वाः स्तुतीरेवं कुरु यथा सुक्षितीः । क्षियन्ति निवसन्त्यत्रेति क्षितयो गृहाः। शोभननिवासाः । यद्वा । क्षितयो मनुष्याः । कल्याणपुत्रपौत्रादियुक्ताः । तथा वाजद्रविणसः अन्नयुक्तधनवतीः । अथवा वाजो दीप्तिः। सर्वतो दीप्तधनाश्च कुरु । त्वमस्माभिः स्तुतः सन् गृहपुत्रान्नधनादीनि देहीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Cause all our praises to bring to us excellent dwellings and abundance of wealth in food.”

So that then you will make all dwellings lovely for us
and make our hymns have riches as their prize.

Our God, make all of us to dwell in happy habitations, and
Reward our songs with spoil and wealth.

So mach uns denn lauter gute Wohnungen, mach unsere Lobreden durch Reichtümer belohnt!

Darum so schaffe du denn auch uns sichern Wohnsitz überall, Und unsern Liedern reichen Lohn.

Так вот, пусть ты сделаешь
Все наши жилища счастливыми для нас,
(А наши) песни приносящими награду из богатства!

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

क᳓स्य नून᳓म् प᳓रीणसो
धि᳓यो जिन्वसि दम्पते
गो᳓षाता य᳓स्य ते गि᳓रः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
kásya ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

nūnám ← nūnám (invariable)

párīṇasaḥ ← párīṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

dampate ← dámpati- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

dhíyaḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

jinvasi ← √ji- 2 ~ jinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gíraḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

góṣātā ← góṣāti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yásya ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

कस्य॑ । नू॒नम् । परी॑णसः । धियः॑ । जि॒न्व॒सि॒ । द॒म्ऽप॒ते॒ ।
गोऽसा॑ता । यस्य॑ । ते॒ । गिरः॑ ॥

• kasya ← ka
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• nūnam
• [adverb]
• “now; surely; immediately; just.”

• parīṇaso ← parīṇasaḥ ← parīṇas
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “plenty.”

• dhiyo ← dhiyaḥ ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• jinvasi ← jinv
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “enliven; animate.”

• dampate ← dampati
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “couple.”

• goṣātā ← goṣāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine

• yasya ← yad
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• giraḥ ← gir
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

हे दंपते यदा गार्हपत्ये वर्तसे तदा जायापतिस्वरूपोऽसि । तस्माद्दंपतिशब्देनाग्निरभिधीयते । तथाविध हे अग्ने नूनम् इदानीं कस्य कीदृशस्य जनस्य परीणसः बहूनि धियः कर्माणि जिन्वसि प्रीणयसि । यस्य ते तव संबन्धिन्यः गिरः स्तुतयः गोसाता गोसातौ गवां लाभे भवन्ति खलु । तस्मात्त्वं कुत्र तिष्ठसि । अस्माकमिदानीं गवेच्छा प्रवर्तते । यद्वा । हे अग्ने त्वमिदानीं कस्य कर्माणि प्रीणयसि । न कस्यापीत्यर्थः । अस्माकमेव कर्माणि प्रीणयेति भावः ॥

English translation:

“Whose many offerings do you gladden, Agni, you who are the lord of the house, and whose praisesbring wealth of kine?”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Lord of the house: dampate = jāyāpatisvarūpa, since it abides in the gārhapatya fire;whose praises are heard in the rite which brings wealth of kine

Whose thoughts in profusion do you now quicken, o houselord—
the man whose hymns are (presented) to you at the winning of
cattle?

The standard tr. take párīṇasaḥ as a partitive abl. (“from whose profusion do you quicken the thoughts”). My interpr. (“in profusion”) could support an adverbial ablative of this neut. noun, but I think it’s also possible that párīṇas- was reinterpr. as an adjective, on the basis of expressions like rāyā́párīṇasā (4x), originally appositives (“with wealth, with profusion”), but reanalyzable as noun-adj.

“with abundant wealth” by way of noun+instr. adv. “with wealth in profusion.” If párīṇasaḥ is an adjective, it can be an acc. pl. fem. agreeing with dhíyaḥ.

Contra the standard interpr., I do not take yásya te as coreferential, but interpret yásya as coreferential with kásya in the main clause and take te separately as either dat. or gen. My supplied “(presented)” is just there for ease of English parsing: pāda c is easily interpretable as a nominal clause, “(the man) whose hymns are for you at …” / “… whose hymns are yours …”

Lord of the house, what plenty fills the songs which thou inspirest now,
Thou whose hymn helps to win the kine?

Aus wessen Überfluß belebst du jetzt, o Hausherr, die dichterischen Gedanken, da deine Lobesworte bei der Rindergewinnung etwas gelten?

O Hausherr, wessen Bitten nun erfüllst aus deinem reichen Schatz Du, dem im Kampfe Lied ertönt?

Чьи поэтические мысли теперь
Ты оживляешь полнотой (даров), о хозяин дома?
(Ты тот,) чьи песни добывают коров.

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

त᳓म् मर्जयन्त सुक्र᳓तुम्
पुरोया᳓वानम् आजि᳓षु
स्वे᳓षु क्ष᳓येषु वाजि᳓नम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
marjayanta ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sukrátum ← sukrátu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ājíṣu ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

puroyā́vānam ← puroyā́van- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kṣáyeṣu ← kṣáya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

svéṣu ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

vājínam ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

तम् । म॒र्ज॒य॒न्त॒ । सु॒ऽक्रतु॑म् । पु॒रः॒ऽयावा॑नम् । आ॒जिषु॑ ।
स्वेषु॑ । क्षये॑षु । वा॒जिन॑म् ॥

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• marjayanta ← marjay ← √mṛj
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive

• sukratum ← sukratu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wise.”

• puroyāvānam ← puras
• [adverb]
• “ahead; puras [word]; easterly; eastward; east; earlier.”

• puroyāvānam ← yāvānam ← yāvan
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “traveler.”

• ājiṣu ← āji
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

• sveṣu ← sva
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• kṣayeṣu ← kṣaya
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “dwelling; house; kṣaya [word]; home; family.”

• vājinam ← vājin
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”

सुक्रतुं शोभनप्रज्ञं सुकर्माणं वा आजिषु संग्रामेषु पुरोयावानं शत्रुहननार्थं पुरत एव गन्तारं वाजिनं बलवन्तं तादृशमग्निं यजमानाः स्वेषु आत्मीयेषु क्षयेषु गृहेषु मर्जयन्त निर्मथितमग्निमलंकुर्वन्ति । परिचरन्तीति यावत् ॥

English translation:

“They keep him bright in their houses, (Agni) famed for glorious deeds, the mighty one who pressesforward in battles.”

They groom him, the very resolute one who goes in front at the
contests,
the prizewinner, in their own dwelling places.

The small interpretive issue in this verse is who is the referent of svéṣu.

Geldner/Renou take it as Agni, while I think it’s the unidentified pl. subjects of marjayanta, presumably the priests (so also Scarlatta 417). An argument for my position might be the fact that we might expect the reflexive adjective to be controlled by the syntactic subject, but it is my sense that this is not a hard and fast rulem in Rigvedic syntax.

More to the point, in my opinion, is that 6ab … káro, víśvā asmábhyaṃ sukṣitī́ḥ “… you will make all dwellings lovely for us” and 9a kṣéti kṣémebhiḥ “he [=the favored mortal] dwells peacefully in peaceful ways …” associate dwellings with the mortal worshipers.

Hirn Wise and Strong they glorify, the foremost Champion in the fray,
And mighty in his dwelling-place.

Ihn putzen sie, den Einsichtsvollen, den Anführer in den Kämpfen, der im eigenen Heim gewinneinbringend ist.

Ihn schmücken sie, den trefflichen, der in den Kämpfen Führer ist, Im eignen Sitz den kräftigen.

Они начищают (его,) исполненного прекрасной силой духа,
Мчащегося впереди в состязаниях,
Приносящего награду в свои края.

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - उशना काव्यः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

क्षे᳓ति क्षे᳓मेभिः साधु᳓भिर्
न᳓किर् यं᳓ घ्न᳓न्ति ह᳓न्ति यः᳓
अ᳓ग्ने सुवी᳓र एधते

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
kṣémebhiḥ ← kṣéma- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

kṣéti ← √kṣi- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sādhúbhiḥ ← sādhú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ghnánti ← √han- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hánti ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

nákiḥ ← nákiḥ (invariable)

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yám ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

edhate ← √idh- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

suvī́raḥ ← suvī́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

क्षेति॑ । क्षेमे॑भिः । सा॒धुऽभिः॑ । नकिः॑ । यम् । घ्नन्ति॑ । हन्ति॑ । यः ।
अग्ने॑ । सु॒ऽवीरः॑ । ए॒ध॒ते॒ ॥

• kṣeti ← kṣi
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “govern; inhabit; dwell; stay; predominate; bide; own.”

• kṣemebhiḥ ← kṣema
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “ease; happiness; peace; tranquillity; kṣema [word]; respite; rest.”

• sādhubhir ← sādhubhiḥ ← sādhu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “good; good; correct; correct; sādhu [word]; excellent; efficient.”

• nakir
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• yaṃ ← yam ← yad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ghnanti ← han
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• hanti ← han
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• suvīra ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suvīra ← vīraḥ ← vīra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• edhate ← edh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “boom; get; thrive; increase; increase.”

हे अग्ने यो मनुष्यः साधुभिः साधयद्भिः क्षेमेभिः पालनैः सह क्षेति स्वगृहे निवसति । तथा यं जनं नकिः न केचन घ्रन्ति न हिंसन्ति । यः एव हन्ति शत्रून् स्वयमेव हन्ति । स मनुष्यस्तव स्तोता खलु । अन्यथा तस्यैतावन्न घटते । ततः स स्तोता सुवीरः शोभनपुत्रादियुक्तः सन् एधते आत्मीयगृहेषु धनादिभिर्वर्धते ॥ ॥ ६ ॥

English translation:

“He who dwells at home with all-efficient protections, whom none can harm, but who himself harms (hisenemies)– he, Agni, (your worshipper), waxes strong with heroic offspring.”

He dwells peacefully in peaceful ways that bring success—whom no one smites, but who himself smites.
O Agni, whoever is rich in heroes thrives.

Agni, he dwells in rest and peace who smites and no one smites again:
With hero sons he prospers well

Der wohnt in guter Ruhe als einer, den man nicht erschlägt, der selbst erschlägt; er gedeiht, o Agni, im Besitz guter Söhne.

Der, Agni, wohnt in Sicherheit, wen niemand schlägt, wer selber schlägt, An Helden reich gedeihet der.

(Кого ты охраняешь, тот) живет в добром мире,
Никто его не убьет, он убивает сам.
О Агни, он процветает, имея прекрасных сыновей.

• अग्निः
• उशना काव्यः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः