०८०

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

नहि᳓ अन्य᳓म् बळा᳓करम्
मर्डिता᳓रं शतक्रतो
तुवं᳓ न इन्द्र मॄळय+

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ákaram ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

anyám ← anyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

baḷā́ ← baḷā́ (invariable)

nahí ← nahí (invariable)

marḍitā́ram ← marḍitár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śatakrato ← śatákratu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mr̥ḷaya ← √mr̥ḍ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

न॒हि । अ॒न्यम् । ब॒ळा । अक॑रम् । म॒र्डि॒तार॑म् । श॒त॒क्र॒तो॒ इति॑ शतऽक्रतो ।
त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । मृ॒ळ॒य॒ ॥

• nahy ← nahi
• [adverb]

• anyam ← anya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

• baﾱākaram ← baḍā
• [adverb]

• baﾱākaram ← akaram ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• marḍitāraṃ ← marḍitāram ← marḍitṛ
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sympathizer.”

• śatakrato ← śatakratu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra.”

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• mṛﾱaya ← mṛḍaya ← mṛḍay ← √mṛḍ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “pardon.”

हे शतक्रतो त्वत्तः अन्यं मर्ङितारं सुखयितारं बळा बट् सत्यं न अकरं न करोमि । तस्माद्धे इन्द्र त्वं नः अस्मान् मृळय ॥

English translation:

“Other than you, Śatakratu, I know no bestower of happiness; Indra, do you make us happy.”

Because I have not made anyone else my for-certain dispenser of mercy, o you of a hundred resolves,
be merciful to us, Indra.

The particle báḍ seems to mean ‘in truth, for certain, yes indeed’ and, despite appearances, may have Avestan cognates. baḷā́here is clearly based on it.

Hoffmann (Aufs. II.355) takes the expression here as a kind of internal quotation: “nicht habe ich ja zu einem anderen gesagt: báḍ, du bist ein Erbarmer,” though the direct speech is only represented by the particle and then only indirectly. My tr. is an attempt to capture Hoffmann’s sense while sticking closer to the grammar.

O Sarakratu! truely I have made none else my Comforter.
Indra; be gracious unto us.

Wahrlich, keinen anderen möchte ich zum Erbarmer gewinnen, du Ratreicher. Sei du uns barmherzig, Indra!

Ich wählte, keinen andern je, o starker, zum Erfreuer mir, Du, Indra, sei uns holdgesinnt.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सर्वप्रिय देव ! ध्यान के द्वारा (हृदे) हृदय में धारित तू (नः) हम लोगों का (शं) कल्याणकारी (भव) हो (नः) हम लोगों का तू (सुशेवः) सुखकारी है। (मृळयाकुः) आनन्ददायी का (अदृप्तक्रतुः) शान्तकर्मा और (अवातः) वायु आदि से रहित है ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जब उपासना द्वारा परमात्मा हृदय में विराजमान होता है, तब ही वह सुखकारी होता है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे सोम ! त्वं ध्यानेन। हृदे=हृदये धारितः सन्। शं=कल्याणकारी। नः=अस्माकं भव। नः=अस्माकम्। सुशेवः=परमसुखकारी। मृळयाकुः=आनन्दकारी। अदृप्तक्रतुः=शान्तिकर्मा। पुनः। अवातः=बाह्यवायुरहितः ॥७॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

यो᳓ नः श᳓श्वत् पुरा᳓विथ
अ᳓मृध्रो वा᳓जसातये
स᳓ त्वं᳓ न इन्द्र मॄळय+

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ā́vitha ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

purā́ ← purā́ (invariable)

śáśvat ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ámr̥dhraḥ ← ámr̥dhra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vā́jasātaye ← vā́jasāti- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mr̥ḷaya ← √mr̥ḍ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

यः । नः॒ । शश्व॑त् । पु॒रा । आवि॑थ । अमृ॑ध्रः । वाज॑ऽसातये ।
सः । त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । मृ॒ळ॒य॒ ॥

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• śaśvat
• [adverb]
• “always; repeatedly; continually; wholly.”

• purāvithāmṛdhro ← purā
• [adverb]
• “once; earlier; first; purā [indecl.].”

• purāvithāmṛdhro ← āvitha ← av
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• purāvithāmṛdhro ← amṛdhraḥ ← amṛdhra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• vājasātaye ← vājasāti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “victory; battle.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• mṛﾱaya ← mṛḍaya ← mṛḍay ← √mṛḍ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “pardon.”

यः अमृधः अहिंसकः नः अस्मान् वाजसातये अन्नलाभाय पुरा पूर्वम् आविथ रक्षितवान् । हे इन्द्र स त्वं नः अस्मान् शश्वत् सदा मृळय सुखय ॥

English translation:

“O you, the invulnerable, who have always in former times protected us for the battle, do you, Indra,make us happy.”

You who, not shirking, in the past, time after time, helped us to win the prize,
be merciful to us, Indra.

Geldner takes b in semi-independence of a: “… für die Lohngewinnung nicht gering zu schätzen.” This seems to be because of VII.67.5, which, however, doesn’t seem to be parallel enough to require this interpretation here.

Note the phonological similarity of the value-heavy words marḍitā́ram (1b), mṛḷaya (1c, 2c), belonging to √mṛḍ ‘have mercy’, and ámṛdhraḥ ‘not shirking, not neglectful’.

Thou who hast ever aided us kindly of old to win the spoil,
As such, O Indra, favour us.

Der du uns schon früher immer wieder beigestanden hast, für die Lohngewinnung nicht gering zu schätzen, sei du uns barmherzig, Indra!

Der du uns stets geholfen hast zur Preisgewinnung, eifervoll, Du, Indra, sei uns holdgesinnt.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सर्वप्रिय देव ! (नः) हम लोगों को (मा+सं+वीविजः) अपने स्थान से विचलित मत कर। (राजन्) हे भगवन् ! हम लोगों को (मा+वि+वीभिषथा) भययुक्त मत बना और (नः+हार्दि) हमारे हृदय को (त्विषा) क्षुधा पिपासा आदि ज्वाला से (मा+वधीः) हनन मत कर ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्य जब पाप और अन्याय करता है, तब ही उसके हृदय में भय उत्पन्न होता और क्षुधा से शरीर जलने लगता है, इसलिये वैसा काम न करे ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे सोम=सर्वप्रिय ! नः=अस्मान्। मा+सं+वीविजः=स्वस्थानात् चलितान् मा कार्षीः। हे राजन् ! मा+वि+वीभिषथा=भीतान् मा कार्षीः। नः=अस्माकम्। हार्दि=हृदयम्। त्विषा=ज्वालया। मा=वधीः ॥८॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

कि᳓म् अङ्ग᳓ रध्रचो᳓दनः
सुन्वान᳓स्याविते᳓द् असि
कुवि᳓त् सु᳓ इन्द्र णः श᳓कः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aṅgá ← aṅgá (invariable)

kím ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

radhracódanaḥ ← radhracódana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

avitā́ ← avitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

sunvānásya ← √su- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

kuvít ← kuvít (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

śákaḥ ← √śak- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sú ← sú (invariable)

किम् । अ॒ङ्ग । र॒ध्र॒ऽचोद॑नः । सु॒न्वा॒नस्य॑ । अ॒वि॒ता । इत् । अ॒सि॒ ।
कु॒वित् । सु । इ॒न्द्र॒ । नः॒ । शकः॑ ॥

• kim
• [adverb]
• “why; ka [pronoun]; if; how.”

• aṅga
• [adverb]
• “in truth; aṅga [word]; entirely; merely.”

• radhracodanaḥ ← radhra
• [noun]
• “obedient; powerless; weak.”

• radhracodanaḥ ← codanaḥ ← codana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• sunvānasyāvited ← sunvānasya ← su
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “press out; su.”

• sunvānasyāvited ← avitā ← av
• [verb], singular, periphrast. future
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• sunvānasyāvited ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• kuvit ← kuvid
• [adverb]
• “surely; indeed.”

• sv ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• ṇaḥ ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• śakaḥ ← śak
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “can; invigorate.”

हे इन्द्र त्वं रध्रचोदनः । रध्रं राधकं चोदयतीति रध्रचोदनः । तादृशस्त्वं सुन्वानस्य अवितेदसि रक्षक एव भवसि । अतः नः अस्माकं कुवित् बहु सु सुष्ठु शकः अशकः शक्तो भव। बहु धनं कुर्वित्वर्थः । अस्मान् वा बहु कुर्विति ॥

English translation:

“Director of the worshipper, you are the guardian of the offerer; help us mightily.”

Are you really one who rouses even the feeble, who are the helper of the soma-presser?
Will you indeed muster your ability for us?

Geldner takes c as a statement “Gewiss wirst du, Indra, es für uns doch möglich machen,” while I think it continues the questions of ab. The status of kuvíd clauses is somewhat murky, in that kuvíd is clearly built to an interrogative stem, but it also generally conditions accent on the verb (as here, śákaḥ) giving it also the appearance of a subordinator. See Delbrück (AiS 550-51), Hettrich (Hypotaxe, 142-55), Etter (Fragesätze, 219-30). An interpretation, like Etter’s, that kuvíd marks an implicit indirect question such as “is it not the case that…?” seeks to capture these two somewhat contradictory features of the particle’s syntax, though a full rendering of this in tr. is often too heavy (as it would be here). For further on kuvíd and verbal accentuation see comm. ad II.35.1.

What now? As prompter of the poor thou helpest him who sheds the juice.
Wilt thou not, Indra, strengthen us?

Bist du denn wirklich der Ermutiger des Schwachen, der Helfer des Pressenden? Gewiß wirst du, Indra, es für uns doch möglich machen.

Bist du des Matten Stärker nicht, des Somapressers Helfer nicht? Gewiss du Indra bist uns hold.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे देव ! (यत्) जब-जब (स्वे+सधस्थे) अपने स्थान पर (देवानां+दुर्मतीः) सज्जनों के शत्रुओं को (अव+ईक्षे) देखूँ, तब-तब (राजन्) हे राजन् ! (द्विषः) उन द्वेषकारी पुरुषों को (अपसेध) दूर कर और (स्रिधः) हिंसक पुरुषों को हम लोगों के समाज से (अप+सेध) दूर फेंक दे ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हम लोग जब-जब सज्जनों को निन्दित होते हुए देखें, तो उचित है कि उन निन्दकों को उचित दण्ड देवें ॥९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे देव ! अहम्। स्वे=स्वकीये। सधस्थे=स्थाने। देवानां=सज्जनानाम्। दुर्मतीः=शत्रून्। यत्=यदा यदा। अवेक्षेः। तदा तदा हे राजन् ! द्विषः=शत्रून्। अप+सेध=दूरी कुरु। हे मीढ्वः=सुखसेचक ! स्रिधः=हिंसकान्। अप+सेध ॥९॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ᳓न्द्र प्र᳓ णो र᳓थम् अव
पश्चा᳓च् चित् स᳓न्तम् अद्रिवः
पुर᳓स्ताद् एनम् मे कृधि

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ava ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

adrivaḥ ← adrivant- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

paścā́t ← paścā́t (invariable)

sántam ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

enam ← ena- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥dhi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

me ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

purástāt ← purástāt (invariable)

इन्द्र॑ । प्र । नः॒ । रथ॑म् । अ॒व॒ । प॒श्चात् । चि॒त् । सन्त॑म् । अ॒द्रि॒ऽवः॒ ।
पु॒रस्ता॑त् । ए॒न॒म् । मे॒ । कृ॒धि॒ ॥

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• ṇo ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• ava ← av
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• paścāc ← paścāt
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; westward; paścāt [word]; after; back.”

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• santam ← as
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• adrivaḥ ← adrivas ← adrivat
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “rocky; petrous.”

• purastād ← purastāt
• [adverb]
• “ahead; eastward; earlier; above; above.”

• enam ← enad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.).”

• me ← mad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “I; mine.”

• kṛdhi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

हे इन्द्र नः रथं प्र अव प्ररक्ष । कीदृशं रथम् । पश्चाच्चित्सन्तम् । चिदप्यर्थे । अस्मत्समानरथानां पश्चाद्भूतमपि एनं मे रथं हे अद्रिवः वज्रवन्निन्द्र पुरस्तात् वर्तमानं कृधि कुरु ॥

English translation:

“Indra, protect our chariot; though now left behind, set it in the front, O thunderer.”

O Indra, possessor of the stone, advance our chariot even when it is behind; put it in front for me.

O Indra, help our chariot on, yea, Thunderer, though it lag behind:
Give this my car the foremost place.

Indra, hilf unserem Wagen vorwärts, auch wenn er noch zurück ist, o Herr des Preßsteins! Bring ihn mir voraus!

Schaff Indra unsern Wagen vor, wenn er zurück bleibt, Schleuderer, Lass meinen an der Spitze gehn.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शतक्रतो) हे अनन्तकर्म्मा सर्वशक्तिमान् परमात्मन् ! तुझसे (अन्यं) दूसरा कोई (मर्डितारम्) सुखकारी देव (नहि) नहीं है। (अकरं) यह मैं अच्छी तरह से देखता और सुनता हूँ। (बळा) यह सत्य है, इसमें कुछ भी सन्देह नहीं है। हे (इन्द्र) इन्द्र ! इस हेतु (नः) हम लोगों को (त्वं) तू (मृळय) सुखी बना ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ईश्वर ही जीवमात्र का सुखकारी होने के कारण सेव्य और स्तुत्य है ॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे शतक्रतो=अनन्तकर्मन् सर्वशक्तिमन् देव ! त्वत्तः। अन्यम्। मर्डितारं=नहि अकरं न पश्यामि। बळा=बट्=सत्यमेतत्। अतः। हे इन्द्र ! त्वम्+नः=अस्मान्। मृळय=सुखय ॥१॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ह᳓न्त ऊ नु᳓ कि᳓म् आससे
प्रथमं᳓ नो र᳓थं कृधि
उपमं᳓ वाजयु᳓ श्र᳓वः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
āsase ← √ās- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

hánta ← hánta (invariable)

kím ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

nú ← nú (invariable)

u ← u (invariable)

kr̥dhi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

prathamám ← prathamá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

upamám ← upamá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vājayú ← vājayú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

हन्तो॒ इति॑ । नु । किम् । आ॒स॒से॒ । प्र॒थ॒मम् । नः॒ । रथ॑म् । कृ॒धि॒ ।
उ॒प॒ऽमम् । वा॒ज॒ऽयु । श्रवः॑ ॥

• hanto ← hanta
• [adverb]
• “very well; hanta [word].”

• hanto ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• kim
• [adverb]
• “why; ka [pronoun]; if; how.”

• āsase ← ās
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “sit; stay; sit down; dwell; lie; lie; exist.”

• prathamaṃ ← prathamam ← prathama
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• kṛdhi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• upamaṃ ← upamam ← upama
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “best; topmost.”

• vājayu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “competing(a); competitive.”

• śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

हन्तेत्येतदादि मुख्यकृदामन्त्रितेन समानम् । हन्त इन्द्र नु इदानीं किं त्वं तूष्णीम् आससे । तत्र किं करोमीति चेदुच्यते । नः रथं प्रथमं सर्वेषां मुख्यं कृधि कुरु । वाजयु अस्माकममिच्छत् श्रवः अन्नं हविर्लक्षणम् उपमम् । अन्तिकनामैतत् । तवान्तिकभूतं वर्तत इति शेषः । यस्मादेवं तस्माद्रथमस्मदीयं प्रथमं कृधीति ॥ ॥ ३५ ॥

English translation:

“Up, why sit you still? Make our chariot the first; our food-seeking offering is near you.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Food-seeking:vājayu = annam icchat;

Śravas = annam, havirlakṣaṇam; or, the race is glorious and swift

Blast it! Are you just going to sit there now? Put our chariot first for utmost fame that seeks the prize.

The emphatic interjection hánta is presumably originally the 2nd pl.

imperative to √han ‘smite’ (flg. Thieme, Fremdl. 2-3, though EWA s.v. expresses doubts) with full-grade root - hence my tr. ‘blast it!’ It occurs only 3x in the RV, the other two in X, in direct speech contexts and in hymns identified by Arnold (Ved.

Metre) as popular. Here it continues the slangy tone set by baḍā́(1) and the questions in 3.

Geldner supplies a verb in c: “(uns bring) … Ruhm,” while I take the acc. neuter phrase there as a loose goal: “put … first for … fame.” Note that the vājayú qualifying śrávaḥ reappears in the next verse as a masc. modifying rátham.

Ho there! why sittest thou at case? Make thou my chariot to be first
And bring the fame of victory near.

Holla! Was willst du noch still sitzen? Mach unseren Wagen zum Vordersten, uns bring höchsten, gewinnbegierigen Ruhm!

O sag’, was sitzest du so still? voran lass unsern Wagen sein, Uns nahe sei der schöne Preis.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे ईश्वर ! (यः) जो तू (अमृध्रः) अविनश्वर चिरस्थायी देव है, इसलिये तू (शश्वत्) सर्वदा (पुरा) पूर्वकाल से लेकर आजतक (वाजसातये) ज्ञान और धनप्राप्ति के लिये (नः) हम लोगों को (आविथ) बचाता आया है, (सः त्वम्) वह तू (नः) हम लोगों को (मृळय) सुखी बना ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ईश्वर सदा जीवों की रक्षा किया करता है, इसलिये अन्तःकरण से अपने अभीष्ट की प्राप्ति के लिये उससे प्रार्थना करे ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! यस्त्वम्। अमृध्रः=अहिंसकः अविनश्वरः। शश्वत्=सर्वदा। पुरा=पूर्वस्मिन् काले। नः=अस्मान्। वाजसातये=ज्ञानलाभाय। आविथ=रक्षितवान्। स त्वम्। नः=अस्मान्। हे इन्द्र ! मृळय ॥२॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓वा नो वाजयुं᳓ र᳓थं
सुक᳓रं ते कि᳓म् इ᳓त् प᳓रि
अस्मा᳓न् सु᳓ जिग्यु᳓षस् कृधि

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áva ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vājayúm ← vājayú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

kím ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

sukáram ← sukára- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

asmā́n ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

jigyúṣaḥ ← √ji- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

kr̥dhi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sú ← sú (invariable)

अव॑ । नः॒ । वा॒ज॒ऽयुम् । रथ॑म् । सु॒ऽकर॑म् । ते॒ । किम् । इत् । परि॑ ।
अ॒स्मान् । सु । जि॒ग्युषः॑ । कृ॒धि॒ ॥

• avā ← ava ← av
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• vājayuṃ ← vājayum ← vājayu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “competing(a); competitive.”

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• sukaraṃ ← sukaram ← sukara
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “easy.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• kim ← ka
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “what; who; ka [pronoun].”

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• asmān ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• jigyuṣas ← jigyuṣaḥ ← ji
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

• kṛdhi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

हे इन्द्र नः वाजयुम् अन्नेच्छुं रथम् अव रक्ष संग्रामे । ते तव किमित् किमपि सर्वकर्तव्यजातं परि परितः सुकरं सुखेन कर्तव्यम्। तव कर्तुमशक्यं न किंचिदस्ति । यस्मादेवं तस्मात् सु जिग्युषः सुष्ठु जेतॄन् कुरु संग्रामे ॥

English translation:

“Protect our food-seeking chariot, everything is easy for you to do; make us completely victorious.”

Help our chariot that seeks the prize. Easy for you to do. Why this runaround?
Just make us victorious!

The abrupt commands and almost insolent asides addressed to the great god continue the tone established in the earlier verses. Again the tr. is meant to capture this tone.

Assist our car that seeks the prize. What can be easier for thee?
So make thou us victorious.

Hilf unserem gewinnbegierigen Wagen! Es ist dir leicht, was steht im Wege? Mach uns fein zu Siegern!

Dem Wagen hilf, der Preis erstrebt, leicht ist es dir, was hindert dich? O lass gewinnen uns den Preis.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अङ्ग) हे (इन्द्र) परमात्मन् ! (किम्) मैं तुझसे क्या निवेदन करूँ, तू स्वयं (रध्रचोदनः) दीनों का पालक है और (सुन्वानस्य) उपासक जनों का (अविता+इत्) सदा रक्षक ही है। क्या (नः) हम लोगों को (इन्द्र) हे इन्द्र ! (कुवित्) बहुधा (सु) अच्छे प्रकार (शकः) समर्थ बनावेगा ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वह देव दीनों और उपासकों की रक्षा किया करता है, अतः क्या वह हमारी रक्षा न करेगा ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! किमङ्ग=हे सर्वशक्तिमन् ! किमहं ब्रवीमि। त्वम्। रध्रचोदनः=दीनपालकोऽसि एवं सुन्वानस्य=उपासकजनस्य। अविता+इत्=एव। हे इन्द्र ! नः=अस्मान्। कुवित्=बहु सु=सुष्ठु। शकः=शक्तान् करिष्यसि ॥३॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ᳓न्द्र दृ᳓ह्यस्व पू᳓र् असि
भद्रा᳓ त एति निष्कृत᳓
इयं᳓ धी᳓र् ऋत्वि᳓यावती

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dŕ̥hyasva ← √dr̥h- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pū́ḥ ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

bhadrā́ ← bhadrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

eti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

niṣkr̥tám ← niṣkr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

dhī́ḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

iyám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥tvíyāvatī ← r̥tvíyāvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

इन्द्र॑ । दृह्य॑स्व । पूः । अ॒सि॒ । भ॒द्रा । ते॒ । ए॒ति॒ । निः॒ऽकृ॒तम् ।
इ॒यम् । धीः । ऋ॒त्विय॑ऽवती ॥

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• dṛhyasva ← dṛh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “fixate; strengthen.”

• pūr ← pūḥ ← pur
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• bhadrā ← bhadra
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “auspicious; lovely; good; happy; bhadra [word]; lucky; fine-looking; beautiful.”

• ta ← te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• eti ← i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• niṣkṛtam ← niṣkṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “place; rendezvous.”

• iyaṃ ← iyam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• dhīr ← dhīḥ ← dhī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• ṛtviyāvatī ← ṛtviyāvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

हे इन्द्र त्वं दृह्यस्व दृढो भव संग्रामे । त्वं पूरसि पुरमसि । यथा पुरमविचलितं तद्वत्त्वमसि । अथवा। अस्मदीये यज्ञे दृढो भव । त्वं पुनरन्ययज्ञजिगमिषुर्मा भूः । त्वं पूः पूरकः कामानामसि । किमत्र विद्यत इति चेदुच्यते । निष्कृतं निष्कर्तारं ते त्वां भद्रा कल्याणी इयं धीः स्तुतिः क्रिया वा ऋत्वियावती । ऋतुशब्दः कालोपलक्षकः । स्वकालोपेता सती एति गच्छति । यद्वा । ते निष्कृतं स्थानमेति ॥

English translation:

“Indra, be firm (in battle), you are (strong as) a city; to you, the repeller (of enemies), comes thisauspicious sacrifice, offered in due season.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

You are strong as a city: or, be firmly settled (in our sacrifice), youare the fulfiller of desires, pūRakaḥ kāmānām asi; the repeller of enemies: niṣkṛtam = niṣkartāram; or,this auspicious sacrifice comes to your appointed (plural ce)

Indra, stand fast. You are a stronghold. The lucky woman goes to a rendezvous with you—
this visionary thought conforming to her season [/the ritual sequence].

A clever image that modulates from b to c. In b a lucky female is going to an assignation with Indra, playing on Indra’s known character as a hyper-virile pursuer of women. But in c this female is identified as a dhī́- a visionary thought (embodied as a poem), a word that is of course feminine. The adj. ṛtvíyāvatī is suitable for both the woman in b (‘conforming to her menstrual cycle’) and the poem in c (‘comforming to the ritual sequence’). This adjective is also found at VIII.12.10 with the same double application (though with dhītí- rather than dhī́-).

Indra, be firm: a fort art thou. To thine appointed place proceeds
The auspicious hymn in season due.

Indra, bleibe fest; du bist eine Burg! Als Schöne geht diese Dichtung zu deinem Treffort, die rechte Zeit einhaltend.

Sei stark, du Indra, eine Burg, zu dir hin eilet dies Gebet, Das regelrechte, glänzende.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! सर्वद्रष्टा परमेश्वर (नः) हम लोगों के (रथम्) रथ को महासंग्राम में (प्र+अव) बचा तथा (पश्चात्+चित्+सन्तम्) पीछे विद्यमान भी (मे+एनं) मेरे इस रथ को (पुरस्तात्) अग्रसर (कृधि) कर ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - महा संग्राम में विजयप्राप्ति के लिये उसी से प्रार्थना करे ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! नः=अस्माकम्। रथम्+प्राव। हे अद्रिवः=संसाररक्षक ! एनं+मे=मम रथम्। पश्चाच्चित्सन्तम्=पश्चाद् विद्यमानमपि। पुरस्ताद्= अग्रगामिनम्। कृधि=कुरु ॥४॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

मा᳓ सीम् अवद्य᳓ आ᳓ भाग्
उर्वी᳓ का᳓ष्ठा हितं᳓ ध᳓नम्
अपा᳓वृक्ता अरत्न᳓यः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

avadyé ← avadyá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

bhāk ← √bhaj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)

sīm ← sīm (invariable)

dhánam ← dhána- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

hitám ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

kā́ṣṭhā ← kā́ṣṭhā- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

urvī́ ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

apā́vr̥ktāḥ ← √vr̥j- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

aratnáyaḥ ← aratní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

मा । सी॒म् । अ॒व॒द्ये । आ । भा॒क् । उ॒र्वी । काष्ठा॑ । हि॒तम् । धन॑म् ।
अ॒प॒ऽआवृ॑क्ताः । अ॒र॒त्नयः॑ ॥

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• sīm
• [adverb]

• avadya ← avadye ← avadya
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “shame; censure; blame.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• bhāg ← bhāk ← bhaj
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “eat; enjoy; enter (a state); worship; love; flee; possess; fall to one’s share; partake; share; get; approach; love; use.”

• urvī ← uru
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• kāṣṭhā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “kāṣṭhā; quarter; body of water.”

• hitaṃ ← hitam ← dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• dhanam ← dhana
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “wealth; property; money; treasure; prize; dhana [word]; valuable; dhan; capital; fight.”

• apāvṛktā ← apāvṛktāḥ ← apāvṛj ← √vṛj
• [verb noun], nominative, plural

• aratnayaḥ ← aratni
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “aratni; elbow.”

मा अस्मान् सीं सर्वतः अवद्यः निन्दा आ भाक् माभजतु । प्राप्नोतु न कुतश्चित् । पापरहितान् कुर्वित्यर्थः। किंच उर्वी काष्ठा बह्वन्तरालमाज्यन्तः । ‘आज्यन्तोऽपि काष्ठोच्यते क्रान्त्वा स्थिता भवति’ (निरु. २. १५) इति यास्कः । तत्र हितं निहितं शत्रुसंबन्धि धनम् अस्माकं भवत्वित्यर्थः । अरत्नयः अरममाणाः शत्रवः अपावृक्ताः सन्त्विति शेषः ॥

English translation:

“Let not reproach reach us; far off is the goal; there is the wealth stored; may our enemies be excluded.”

Don’t make it [=chariot?] share in disgrace: the racecourse is wide, the stake is set;
the elbows have been twisted outward [=driving posture?].

The referent of sīm in pāda a is not made clear, and the fact that sīm can stand for all genders and numbers doesn’t help. Given the racing theme of b (and in my interpretation c), I assume that it is our chariot, about which we have been worrying previously (vss. 4-6), though it could possibly be the dhī́- of the immediately preceding verse.

The lexeme apa-ā́√vṛj is attested only here, and the interpretation of the pāda is made more difficult by the noun to which it is applied, aratní-, lit. ‘elbow’, but potentially also ‘corner’ or ‘barrier’ (Schranken, see Oldenberg and Geldner n.) or a unit of measure (like Engl. ell). I take it to be the body part (as does Geldner tr.) and interpret it as a driving posture, with elbows turned out, indicating that the chariot racers are ready to start. For other suggestions see Geldner n. and Oldenberg

Let not our portion be disgrace. Broad is the course, the prize is set,
The barriers are opened wide.

Bring sie nicht in Unehre; weit ist die Rennbahn, ausgesetzt der Preis, gespreizt die Ellenbogen.

O theile nicht geringes zu, frei ist die Bahn, gesetzt der Preis, Die Schranken schon hinweggethan.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (हन्तो) यह खेद की बात है कि तू (नु) इस समय (किं+आससे) क्यों चुपचाप है, (नः) हम लोगों के (रथं) रथ को (प्रथमम्) सबसे अग्रसर (कृधि) कर तथा (वाजयु) विजयसम्बन्धी (श्रवः) यश (उपमं) समीप कर ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हम इस तरह ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करें कि महासंग्राम में भी विजयी होवें ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! हन्तो=हन्त। नु=इदानीम्। त्वं किमाससे=किं त्वं तूष्णीमाससे। नः=अस्माकम्। रथं संग्रामे। प्रथमम्। कृधि=कुरु। तथा। वाजयु=विजयसम्बन्धि। श्रवः=यशः। उपमं=समीपम्। कृधि=कुरु ॥५॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुरी᳓यं ना᳓म यज्ञि᳓यं
यदा᳓ क᳓रस् त᳓द् उश्मसि
आ᳓द् इ᳓त् प᳓तिर् न ओहसे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
nā́ma ← nā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

turī́yam ← turī́ya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

yajñíyam ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

káraḥ ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

uśmasi ← √vaś- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yadā́ ← yadā́ (invariable)

ā́t ← ā́t (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ohase ← √uh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

pátiḥ ← páti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

तु॒रीय॑म् । नाम॑ । य॒ज्ञिय॑म् । य॒दा । करः॑ । तत् । उ॒श्म॒सि॒ ।
आत् । इत् । पतिः॑ । नः॒ । ओ॒ह॒से॒ ॥

• turīyaṃ ← turīyam ← turīya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fourth.”

• nāma ← nāman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”

• yajñiyaṃ ← yajñiyam ← yajñiya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”

• yadā
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; if.”

• karas ← karaḥ ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• uśmasi ← vaś
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

• ād ← āt
• [adverb]
• “then.”

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• patir ← patiḥ ← pati
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• ohase ← ūh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “diagnose.”

हे इन्द्र त्वं यज्ञियं यज्ञसंबन्धि तुरीयं चतुर्थं नाम यदा करः करोषि तदुश्मसि कामयामहे । आदित् अनन्तरमेव नामकामानन्तरमेव पतिः पालकस्त्वं नः अस्मान् ओहसे वहसि प्रापयसि । नक्षत्रनाम गुह्यं नाम प्रकाशं नामेति त्रीणि नामानि सोमयाजीति तुरीयं नाम तच्च यज्ञियम् ॥

English translation:

“When you assume your sacrificial fourth name, we long for it; then you forthwith carry us as a protectoṛ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Fourth name: The four names are explained to be the nakṣatra or constellation-name (i.e., Arjuna, as connectedwith the constellation arjunekṣu or phalgunyau? cf. Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 2.1.2.11 which calls it guhyamnāma, hidden name; the hidden name, the revealed name, and the sacrificial name somayājin

When you will make your fourth sacrificial name—this we eagerly desire—
after that you will be solemnly proclaimed as our lord.

For speculation about the meaning of the “names,” see published introduction.

This thing we wish. that thou mayst take thy fourth, thy sacrificial name.
So art thou held to be our Lord.

Wenn du deinen vierten Namen, den opferwürdigen, annimmst, so wünschen wir das, dann erst bist du als unser Herr anerkannt.

Dass deinen vierten Namen du preiswürdig machst, das wünschen wir; Denn Güterherr wirst du genannt.

• इन्द्र:
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (नः) हम लोगों के (वाजयुं) विजयाभिलाषी (रथं) रथ को (अव) बचा। (ते) तुम्हारे लिये (किं+इत्) सर्व कर्म (परि) सर्व प्रकार से (सुकरं) सहज है अर्थात् तुम्हारे लिये अशक्य कुछ नहीं, इस हेतु महासंग्राम में (अस्मान्) हम लोगों को (जिग्युषः) विजेता (सुकृधि) अच्छे प्रकार कीजिये ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ईश्वर हम लोगों के रथ को विजयी और हमको विजेता बनावे ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! वाजयुं=विजयाभिलाषिणम्। नः=अस्माकं रथम्। अव=रक्ष। ते=तव। किमित्=किमपि सर्वं परि परितः। सुकरं=तव कर्तुमशक्यं न किञ्चिदस्ति। तस्माद् अस्मान् जिग्युषः=जेतॄन्। सुकृधि=सुष्ठु कुरु ॥६॥

• देवता - देवाः
• ऋषिः - एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अ᳓वीवृधद् वो अमृता अ᳓मन्दीद्
एकद्यू᳓र् देवा उत᳓ या᳓श् च देवीः
त᳓स्मा उ रा᳓धः कृणुत प्रशस्त᳓म्
प्रात᳓र् मक्षू᳓ धिया᳓वसुर् जगम्यात्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ámandīt ← √mand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

amr̥tāḥ ← amŕ̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

ávīvr̥dhat ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ca ← ca (invariable)

devāḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

devīḥ ← devī́- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:PL}

ekadyū́ḥ ← ekadyū́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

yā́ḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

kr̥ṇuta ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

praśastám ← √śaṁs- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

rā́dhaḥ ← rā́dhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

tásmai ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

dhiyā́vasuḥ ← dhiyā́vasu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

jagamyāt ← √gam- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

makṣú ← makṣú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

prātár ← prātár (invariable)

अवी॑वृधत् । वः॒ । अ॒मृ॒ताः॒ । अम॑न्दीत् । ए॒क॒ऽद्यूः । दे॒वाः॒ । उ॒त । याः । च॒ । दे॒वीः॒ ।
तस्मै॑ । ऊं॒ इति॑ । राधः॑ । कृ॒णु॒त॒ । प्र॒ऽश॒स्तम् । प्रा॒तः । म॒क्षु । धि॒याऽव॑सुः । ज॒ग॒म्या॒त् ॥

• avīvṛdhad ← avīvṛdhat ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “you.”

• amṛtā ← amṛtāḥ ← amṛta
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

• amandīd ← amandīt ← mand
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “rejoice; exhilarate.”

• ekadyūr ← ekadyūḥ ← ekadyū
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• devā ← devāḥ ← deva
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• yāś ← yāḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• devīḥ ← devī
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “Parvati; queen; goddess; Devi.”

• tasmā ← tasmai ← tad
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• rādhaḥ ← rādhas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

• kṛṇuta ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• praśastam ← praśaṃs ← √śaṃs
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “recommend; approve; praise; laud; favor; proclaim.”

• prātar
• [adverb]
• “at dawn; early.”

• makṣū
• [adverb]
• “promptly; soon; quickly.”

• dhiyāvasur ← dhiyāvasuḥ ← dhiyāvasu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “wise.”

• jagamyāt ← gam
• [verb], singular, Perfect optative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

इयं वैश्वदेवी । हे देवाः हे अमृताः अमरणाः वः युष्मानयम् अवीवृधत् वर्धयति स्तुत्या अमन्दीत् तर्पयति सोमेन एकद्यूः ऋषिरहम् । उत अपि च हे देवीः देव्यो देवपत्न्यः याश्च यूयं स्थ युष्मानप्यवीवृधदमन्दीच्च । तस्मै राधः धनं प्रशस्तं प्रवृद्धं कृणुत कुरुन । उ इति पूरण एवकारार्थो वा । प्रातः प्रातरेव मक्षु क्षिप्रं धियावसुः कर्मधन इन्द्रः जगम्यात् आगच्छतु । इन्द्रस्य देवस्वामित्वादाधिक्यद्योतनाय पुनरभिधानम् ॥ ॥ ३६ ॥ ॥ ८ ॥

English translation:

“O immortal gods and all you goddesses, Ekadyū has honoured you (with his praise) and rejoiced you(with his Soma-offering); make his substance abundant; and may (Indra), who rewards pious acts wtiḥ wealth,come speedily in the morning.”

Ekadyū has strengthened you, you immortals; he has invigorated you, you gods and you who are goddesses.
To him show generosity to be praised. – Early in the morning—soon— he should come, acquiring goods through his insight.

Ekadyu hath exalted you, Immortals: both Goddesses and Gods hath he delighted.
Bestow upon him bounty meet for praises. May he, enriched with prayer, come soon and early.

Ekadyu hat euch, ihr unsterblichen Götter, und die Göttinnen, erbaut, ergötzt. Ihm verschaffet eine anständige Ehrengabe! - Recht bald am Morgen soll sich der einstellen, der durch die Weisheit Schätze erwirbt.

Es hat euch, o Unsterbliche, Ekadju verherrlicht und erfreut, o Götter und die ihr Göttinnen seid; diesem [Ekadju] schafft gepriesene Gabe; früh morgens komme bald der reichliche Versorger.

• देवाः
• एकद्यूर्नौधसः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! हम लोगों को शुभकर्मों में (दृह्यस्व) दृढ़ कर, क्योंकि तू (पूः+असि) भक्तों के मनोरथ का पूरक है और (निष्कृतम्) सबके भाग्य को स्थिर करनेवाले (ते) तेरी ओर हम लोगों की (इयं+ऋत्वियावती) यह सामयिक (धीः) स्तुति प्रार्थना और शुभकृपा (एति) जाती है ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यह स्वाभाविक बात है कि जीवों का झुकाव उस परमात्मा की ओर है, इसलिये प्रत्येक विद्वान् का समग्र शुभकर्म उसी की ओर और उसी के उद्देश्य से होता है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! त्वम्। अस्मान् शुभकर्मसु। दृह्यस्व=दृढीकुरु। त्वं पूः=मनोरथानां पुरकोऽसि। निष्कृतम्=निष्कर्त्तारम्। ते=त्वाम्। इयं+भद्रा=कल्याणी। ऋत्वियावती= समयानुकूला। धीः=अस्माकं स्तुतिः। एति=प्राप्नोति ॥७॥