०७९

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अयं᳓ कृत्नु᳓र् अ᳓गृभीतो
विश्वजि᳓द् उद्भि᳓द् इ᳓त् सो᳓मः
ऋ᳓षिर् वि᳓प्रः का᳓वियेन

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
ágr̥bhītaḥ ← ágr̥bhīta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ayám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥tnúḥ ← kr̥tnú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

sómaḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

udbhít ← udbhíd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvajít ← viśvajít- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kā́vyena ← kā́vya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

ŕ̥ṣiḥ ← ŕ̥ṣi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vípraḥ ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒यम् । कृ॒त्नुः । अगृ॑भीतः । वि॒श्व॒ऽजित् । उ॒त्ऽभित् । इत् । सोमः॑ ।
ऋषिः॑ । विप्रः॑ । काव्ये॑न ॥

• ayaṃ ← ayam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• kṛtnur ← kṛtnuḥ ← kṛtnu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “adept; adroit.”

• agṛbhīto ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• agṛbhīto ← gṛbhītaḥ ← grah
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”

• viśvajid ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvajid ← jit
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “curative; removing; victorious; winning.”

• udbhid
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• somaḥ ← soma
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• ṛṣir ← ṛṣiḥ ← ṛṣi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Ṛṣi; spiritual teacher; ascetic; Mantra.”

• vipraḥ ← vipra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

• kāvyena ← kāvya
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

अयं सोमः कृत्नुः कर्ता सर्वस्य अगृभीतः अन्यैरगृहीतः विश्वजित् सर्वस्य जेता उद्भित् फलस्योद्भेदकः । अथवा विश्वजिदुद्भिदौ सोमयागौ। तयोर्निष्पादकत्वात्तद्रूपः । ऋषिः ज्ञानवान् विप्रः मेधावी विप्रवत् पूज्यो विशेषेण पूरको वा । एवंमहानुभावः सोमः काव्येन स्तोत्रेण स्तुत्यो भवतीति शेषः ॥

English translation:

“This all-creating Soma, obstructed by none, the conqueror of all, the producer of fruit, the seer, thewise, (is to be praised) with a hymn.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Conqueror of all: viśvajit and udbhid are names of two special Somaceremonies, and the Soma may be addressed under these names as the principal means of theiraccomplishment

Here is the effective gambler, ungraspable, all-conquering Soma, who got the lucky break—
a seer, an inspired poet with poetic skill.

Both kṛtnú- and udbhíd- appear to be gambling terms here. For kṛtnú- in a gambling context see I.92.10, for udbhíd- X.116.9. udbhíd- means literally ‘bursting/breaking out [/up]’. The semantic development may be something like “break out of the pack / burst to the finish.” viśvajít- ‘all-conquering’ can also fit the gambling scenario, as, arguably, can ágṛbhīta- ‘ungraspable’ – that is, who is too far ahead to be caught or caught up to. The hymn is ascribed to Kṛtnu Bhārgava; Bhārgava is of course a fairly common patronymic, but Kṛtnu appears only here, clearly lifted from the hymn’s first pāda.

The final pāda consists entirely of the three most resonant words for poet/poetic activity: ṛ́ṣi- ‘seer’, vípra- ‘inspired poet’, kā́vya- (standing for kaví- ‘sage poet’). The juxtaposition of the gambling focus of the first two pādas with the poetic lexicon of the last is striking, but sets the tone for the rest of the hymn, which catalogues the variety of Soma’s skills.

THIS here is Soma, ne’er restrained, active, all-conquering bursting forth,
Rsi and Sage by sapience,

Dieser Soma ist der Spielgewinner, nicht zu fassen, allbesiegend, durchschlagend, ein durch Sehergabe beredter Rishi.

Dieser thät’ge, unerfasste Soma, quellend, allbesiegend; Dichter, Priester voll Begeist’rung,

Вот этот Сома – удачливый игрок,
Которого не схватить, всепобеждающий, разбивающий,
Вдохновенный риши благодаря поэтическому дару.

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सर्वपदार्थमय देव ! (त्वे) तुममें (विश्वा) सर्व प्रकार के (वसूनि) धन (सङ्गता) विद्यमान हैं और सर्वप्रकार के (सौभगा) सौभाग्य तुममें संगत हैं, इस हेतु हे ईश ! (सुदातु) सब प्रकार के दान (अपरिह्वृता) सहज हैं ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस कारण सम्पूर्ण संसार का अधिपति वह परमात्मा है, अतः उसके लिये दान देना कठिन नहीं। यदि हम मानव अन्तःकरण से अपना अभीष्ट माँगें, तो वह अवश्य उसको पूर्ण करेगा ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे सोम=सर्वपदार्थमय देव ! त्वे=त्वै। विश्वा=सर्वाणि। वसूनि=धनानि। सङ्गता संगतानि। च=पुनः। सर्वाणि। सौभगा=सौभाग्यानि। अत एव। सुदातु=सुदानानि। अपरिह्वृता=अकुटिलानि=सुकराणि ॥८॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ ऊर्णोति य᳓न् नग्न᳓म्
भिष᳓क्ति वि᳓श्वं य᳓त् तुर᳓म्
प्रे᳓म् अन्धः᳓ ख्यन् निः᳓ श्रोणो᳓ भूत्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

nagnám ← nagná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ūrṇoti ← √vr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bhiṣákti ← √bhiṣaj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

turám ← turá- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

víśvam ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

andháḥ ← andhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bhūt ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

īm ← īm (invariable)

khyat ← √khyā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

nís ← nís (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

śroṇáḥ ← śroṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒भि । ऊ॒र्णो॒ति॒ । यत् । न॒ग्नम् । भि॒षक्ति॑ । विश्व॑म् । यत् । तु॒रम् ।
प्र । ई॒म् । अ॒न्धः । ख्य॒त् । निः । श्रो॒णः । भू॒त् ॥

• abhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• ūrṇoti ← vṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

• yan ← yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• nagnam ← nagna
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “bare; nagna [word].”

• bhiṣakti ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• viśvaṃ ← viśvam ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• turam ← tura
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• prem ← pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• prem ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• andhaḥ ← andha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “blind; andha [word]; andha; blind; complete; dark.”

• khyan ← khyat ← khyā
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “name; describe; call; enumerate; watch; know.”

• niḥ
• [adverb]
• “niḥ; away; out; without.”

• śroṇo ← śroṇaḥ ← śroṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “crippled.”

• bhūt ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

अयं सोमः यन्नग्नम् अस्ति तत् अभ्यूर्णोति आच्छादयति । यन्नग्नमिव विफलं वर्तते तदाच्छादयति फलेन । अथवा वस्त्रं जनयन्नाच्छादयति । तथा यत् तुरम् आतुरं रुग्णं विश्वं तत् भिषक्ति भिषज्यति। यज्ञद्वारा स्वर्गसाधनेनौषधरूपेण च शरीरसिद्धिसाधनश्च । अन्धः सन् अन्धोऽपि प्र ख्यत् पश्यति । श्रोणः अपि पङ्गुरपि निः भूत् निर्भवति निर्गच्छति ॥

English translation:

“He covers what is naked, he heals all that is sick, the blind sees, the lame walks.”

He covers over what is naked; he heals everything that is sick.
The blind man sees; the lame sets forth.

In c īm seems functionless. Though technically it could serve as object to prá … khyat (“the blind man sees it/them”), it is much more likely that the verb is used in absolute function, to indicate the blind man’s recovery of his vision, not his sight of some particular (but unspecified) object(s). Vs. 6c also begins prém a-VOWEL, though there the īm could double the object ā́yuḥ. However, in both cases I think īm is simply introduced to avoid hiatus.

All that is bare he covers o’er, all that is sick he medicines;
The blind man sees, the cripple walks.

Was nackt ist, bedeckt er; er heilt alles, was krank ist. Der Blinde sieht durch ihn, der Lahme kommt von der Stelle.

Er umhüllet, was da nackt ist, heilet alles, was da krank ist; Blinde sehen, Lahme gehen.

Что нагое, он одевает,
Все, что больное, он исцеляет.
(Кто) слепой, благодаря ему прозревает, у кого ноги-плети, приходит в движение.

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यवयुः) जौ, गेहूँ, मसूर आदि चाहनेवाला (गव्युः) गो, महिष, अजा आदि पशुकामी (हिरण्ययुः) सोना, चान्दी आदि धातुओं का अभिलाषी (अश्वयुः) घोड़ा, हाथी आदि वाहनाभिलाषी (मम+कामः) मेरा काम (त्वाम्+इत्) तुझको ही अन्य को नहीं किन्तु (त्वाम्) तुझको ही (एषते) चाहता है ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हम लोगों की इच्छा सब पदार्थ चाहती है, यह मनुष्य का स्वाभाविक गुण है ॥९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - यवयुः=यवगोधूमाभिलाषी। गव्युः=गोपशुकाङ्क्षी। हिरण्ययुः=हिरण्याभिलाषी। अश्वयुः=अश्वादिपशुकामी। मम+कामः+त्वामित्=त्वामेव। त्वामेव। एषते=कामयते ॥९॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुवं᳓ सोम तनूकृ᳓द्भ्यो
द्वे᳓षोभ्यो अन्य᳓कृतेभ्यः
उरु᳓ यन्ता᳓सि व᳓रूथम्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tanūkŕ̥dbhyaḥ ← tanūkŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

anyákr̥tebhyaḥ ← anyákr̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:PL}

dvéṣobhyaḥ ← dvéṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:PL}

asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

urú ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

várūtham ← várūtha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yantā́ ← yantár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

त्वम् । सो॒म॒ । त॒नू॒कृत्ऽभ्यः॑ । द्वेषः॑ऽभ्यः । अ॒न्यऽकृ॑तेभ्यः ।
उ॒रु । य॒न्ता । अ॒सि॒ । वरू॑थम् ॥

त्वम् । सो॒म॒ । त॒नू॒कृद्भ्य॒ इति॑ तनू॒कृत्-भ्यः॒ । द्वेषो॑भ्य॒ इति॒ द्वेषः॑-भ्यः॒ । अ॒न्यकृ॑तेभ्य॒ इत्य॒न्य-कृ॒ते॒भ्यः॒ । उ॒रु । य॒न्ता । अ॒सि॒ । वरू॑थम् ।

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• tanūkṛdbhyo ← tanū
• [noun], feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

• tanūkṛdbhyo ← kṛdbhyaḥ ← kṛt
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “causing; making; performing; promotive; producing; doing; acting; writing; transforming; effecting.”

• dveṣobhyo ← dveṣobhyaḥ ← dveṣas
• [noun], ablative, plural, neuter
• “hostility; enemy.”

• ’nyakṛtebhyaḥ ← anya
• [noun]
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

• ’nyakṛtebhyaḥ ← kṛtebhyaḥ ← kṛ
• [verb noun], ablative, plural
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• uru
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• yantāsi ← yam
• [verb], singular, periphrast. future
• “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

• varūtham ← varūtha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “defense; protective covering.”

हे सोम त्वं तनूकृद्भ्यः कृशीकुर्वद्भ्यः । अथवाङ्गानां विच्छेदकेभ्यः अन्यकृतेभ्यः द्वेषोभ्यः शत्रुकृतेभ्यो ऽप्रियेभ्यः । कृत्याभ्य इत्यर्थः । वरूथं वरकं रक्षणम् उरु यन्तासि भवसि स्तोतॄणाम्। ‘अन्यकृतानि हि रक्षांसि ’ इति ब्राह्मणम् ॥

1 तनूश् शरीरम् । ‘कृषिचमि’ इत्यादिना ऊप्रत्ययः । तां कृन्तन्ति छिन्दन्तीति तनूकृन्ति । ‘क्विप्च’ इति क्विप्, कृदुत्तरपदप्रकृतिस्वरत्वम् ।
द्विषन्तीति द्वेषांसि । अन्यैर् दुरात्मभिर् अभिचारादि-प्रवृत्तैः कृतान्यन्यकृतानि । ‘तृतीया कर्मणि’ इति पूर्वपदप्रकृतिस्वरत्वम् ।

यानि शरीरमपि नाशयन्ति तेभ्यो रक्षःप्रभृतिभ्यो यन्ता तत्पीडापगम-द्वारेण रक्षकः । हे सोम इर्दृशस् त्वमेव खलु नः उरु महत्वरूपं गृहं धनं वा, वरणीयत्वात् । ‘जॄवृञ्भ्यामूथन्’ इत्यूथन्प्रत्ययः । धनानि लिप्समानो हि स्तुत्यं तद्रूपेण स्तौति; तस्मान्महद्धर्नं मे देहीतिभावः । ‘उरुणस्कृधीति वावैतदाह’ `इति ब्राह्मणम् ।

ईदृशाय तुभ्यं स्वाहा सुहुतमिदमस्त्विति प्रदानार्थो निपातः ।

कथम् अत्र ‘तनूकृद् ध्य् एषः’ इति ब्राह्मणम् उपपद्यते? उच्यते - तनूकृतामपि रक्षःप्रभृतीनामेष हि तनूकृत्; तस्मात्किमनेन कर्तुं न शक्यत इति प्रतिपाद्यते । यद्वा - करोतेरेव क्विप् । तत्र हि बहवस् तनूकृतश् शरीरस्योत्पादयितारः । प्रजानाम् पिता रेतस्सिञ्चाति प्रजनने । सोमस्सिक्तं रेतो दधाति, यथा - ‘सोमो वै रेतोधाः’ इति । त्वष्टा वै रेतसास्सिक्तस्य रूपाणि विकरोतीति ।

अयमर्थः - हे सोम त्वं खलु तनूकृद्भ्योपि तनूकृतोनुप्रविश्य स्थितोसि । अत्र प्रासादात्प्रेक्षत इतिवल्ल्यब्लोपे कर्मणि पञ्चमी । त्वमपि तनूकृतां मध्ये कश्चिदेक इत्यर्थः । यद्वा - ‘सुपां सुपोभवन्ति’ इति सोर्भ्यसादेशः, यथा - ‘तनूकृध्येषः’ इति ब्राह्मणम् । यस्मादेवं तस्माद् अन्यैर्युष्मद्व्यतिरिक्तैः दुरात्मभिः कृतानि यानि द्वेषांसि युष्मत्कृततनूविरोधीति ज्यरादीनि व्यसनानि तेभ्यो यन्ता त्वमेवास्माकमुरु वरूथमिति । ‘सुवर्गाय वा एतानि लोकाय हूयन्ते यद्वैसर्जनानि’ इत्यादि ब्राह्मणम् ॥

English translation:

“Soma, you offer us a wide shelter from the wasting enmities wrought by our foes.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Yantāsi = bhavasi;you the restraint (yanta) from enemies, etc., you are a wide shelter

O Soma, for those who create your body [=soma-pressers] you hold out a broad defense
from the hateful things done by others.

By my interpr. (and Geldner’s), pādas ab contain a series of adjacent -bhyaḥ plural nominals, which by sense must be sorted into dative pl. tanūkṛ́dbhyaḥ (“for the body-makers”) and ablative pl. dvéṣobhyo anyákṛtebhyaḥ (“from hateful things done by others”). The pāda break assists in splitting up these formally identical forms.

A different interpr., going back to the MS (see Geldner’s n. 3a) and followed by Renou, however, takes tanūkṛ́d- in passive sense ‘done by oneself’ and contrastively parallel to anyákṛta- ‘done by others’; in this case, tanūkṛ́dbhyaḥ is also ablative. The deliberate contrast between the root noun -kṛ́t- in the first compound and the past passive participle -kṛta- in the second and the usual active, transitive sense of -kṛ́t- in compounds (including the other occurrence of tanūkṛ́t-) make this interpr. unlikely.

See Oldenberg for disc.; he opts for the active sense, but considers the tanū- in question to belong to the doers/makers referred to by -kṛ́t-: “(den Frommen), die tätig sind sich die eigne tanū́zu schaffen.” (Scarlatta weakly favors this.) This seems unnecessarily complex, though the usual polarity between tanū- ‘self’ and anyá- ‘other’ is an argument in its favor.

Thou, Soma, givest wide defence against the hate of alien men,
Hatreds that waste and weaken us.

Thou, O Soma, art the giver of wide protection from hostility, brought about by ourselves or by others;

Du, Soma, pflegst deinen leiblichen Erzeugern eine weite Schutzwehr gegen die von anderen angetanen Feindseligkeiten zu bieten.

Du, o Soma, reichest Schutzwehr vor den selbsterzeugten Leiden, Vor den anderwärts entstammten.

Ты, о Сома, тот, кто дает широкую защиту
От враждебных действий, вызванных самими,
(От враждебных действий), вызванных другими.

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• विराट्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमेश्वर ! (तव+इत्) तुम्हारी ही (आशसा) आशा से (अहम्) मैं (हस्ते) हाथ में (दात्रं+चन) काटने के लिये हसुआ आदि लेता हूँ। (मघवन्) हे सर्वधनसम्पन्न ! (दिनस्य+वा) प्रतिदिन (सम्भृतस्य) एकत्रित (यवस्य) जौ आदि खाद्य पदार्थों के (कासिना) मुष्टि से हमारे घर को भरो ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा से हम मनुष्य उतने ही पदार्थ माँगें, जिनसे हम अपना निर्वाह अच्छी तरह कर सकें ॥१०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र=परमेश्वर ! तव+इत्=तवैव। आशसा=आशया। अहम्। हस्ते। दात्रं+चन=लवणसाधनं दात्रमपि। आददे=गृह्णामि। हे मघवन् ! दिनस्य वा संभृतस्य वा यवस्य कासिना मुष्टिना। पूर्धि=पूरय ॥१०॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

तुवं᳓ चित्ती᳓ त᳓व द᳓क्षैर्
दिव᳓ आ᳓ पृथिव्या᳓ र्जीषिन्
या᳓वीर् अघ᳓स्य चिद् द्वे᳓षः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
cittī́ ← cittí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

dákṣaiḥ ← dákṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

pr̥thivyā́ḥ ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

r̥jīṣin ← r̥jīṣín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

aghásya ← aghá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

dvéṣaḥ ← dvéṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yā́vīḥ ← √yu- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

त्वम् । चि॒त्ती । तव॑ । दक्षैः॑ । दि॒वः । आ । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । ऋ॒जी॒षि॒न् ।
यावीः॑ । अ॒घस्य॑ । चि॒त् । द्वेषः॑ ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• cittī ← citti
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “purpose.”

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• dakṣair ← dakṣaiḥ ← dakṣa
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”

• diva ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• pṛthivyā ← pṛthivyāḥ ← pṛthivī
• [noun], ablative, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• ṛjīṣin
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• yāvīr ← yāvīḥ ← yu
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “keep away; separate; ward off.”

• aghasya ← agha
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “bad; dangerous; ill; iniquitous; bad.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• dveṣaḥ ← dveṣas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “hostility; enemy.”

हे ऋजीषिन् तृतीयसवनगतेनर्जीषेण तद्वन् सोम त्वं तव चित्ती चित्त्या प्रज्ञया दक्षैः बलैश्च दिव आ दिवश्च । आ इति चार्थे । पृथिव्याः आ पृथिव्याश्च सकाशात् अघस्य चित् अस्माकमाहन्तुरपि द्वेषः शत्रोः कृत्यां यावीः पृथक्कुरु ॥

English translation:

“O Ṛjīṣin, by you wisdom and might drive away the enmity of our oppressor from the heaven andearth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

O Ṛjīṣin: i.e., you who possess the remains of the Soma, offered in the third savana, cf. TaittirīyaSaṃhitā 6.1.6

You possessor of the silvery drink—through your perception, through your skills you keep away from heaven and earth
the hatred of any evil man.

This vs. flips the syntactic roles found in the preceding vs. In 3 Soma produces a defense (acc.) from (abl.) hateful things (dvéṣobhyaḥ); here he keeps the hateful thing (dvéṣaḥ, acc.) from (abl.) the entities protected (heaven and earth). The producer of the hateful thing is in the gen. (aghásya), whereas in 3b he (/they) were the first member of a compound, anyá(-kṛta-).

Thou by thine insight and thy skill, Impetuous One, from heaven and earth
Drivest the sinner’s enmity.

Du mögest durch deine Einsicht und Willensstärke von Himmel und Erde den feindlichen Anschlag auch des Bösewichtes abwehren, du aus Trestern Bereiteter!

Du durch deine Kraft und Weisheit, der du dringst durch Erd’ und Himmel, Treibe fort des Bösen Feindschaft.

Ты (своей) проницательностью, своими силами действия
Можешь отвратить враждебность даже злоумышленника
С неба (и) с земли, о сок из выжимок!

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अयं) प्रकृतियों में प्रत्यक्षवत् भासमान यह परमात्मा (कृत्नुः) जगत् का कर्ता (अगृभीतः) किन्हों से किसी साधन द्वारा ग्रहण योग्य नहीं, (विश्वजित्) विश्वविजेता (उद्भिद्+इत्) जगत् का उत्थापक (सोमः) सर्वप्रिय (ऋषिः) सर्वद्रष्टा (विप्रः) सन्तों के मनोरथ का पूरक और (काव्येन) काव्य द्वारा स्तुत्य है ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा सर्वगुणसम्पन्न है, अतः वही स्तुत्य और प्रार्थनीय है ॥१॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - अयं=प्रकृतिषु प्रत्यक्षवत् भासमानः परमात्मा। कृत्नुः=संसारस्य कर्ता। अगृभीतः=अगृहीतः कैश्चिदपि केनापि साधनेन न गृहीतः। विश्वजित्=विश्वविजेता। उद्भिद् इत्=जगत उद्भेत्ता एव। सोमः=सर्वप्रियः। ऋषिः=सर्वद्रष्टा विप्रः। विशेषेण पूरकः। काव्येन स्तुत्यश्च ॥१॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अर्थि᳓नो य᳓न्ति चे᳓द् अ᳓र्थं
ग᳓छान् इ᳓द् ददु᳓षो राति᳓म्
ववृज्यु᳓स् तृ᳓ष्यतः का᳓मम्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
ártham ← ártha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

arthínaḥ ← arthín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ca ← ca (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

yánti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dadúṣaḥ ← √dā- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

gáchān ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ít ← ít (invariable)

rātím ← rātí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

kā́mam ← kā́ma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tŕ̥ṣyataḥ ← √tr̥ṣ- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vavr̥jyúḥ ← √vr̥j- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

अ॒र्थिनः॑ । यन्ति॑ । च॒ । इत् । अर्थ॑म् । गच्छा॑न् । इत् । द॒दुषः॑ । रा॒तिम् ।
व॒वृ॒ज्युः । तृष्य॑तः । काम॑म् ॥

• arthino ← arthinaḥ ← arthin
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “desirous; active; suppliant; busy.”

• yanti ← i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• ced
• [adverb]
• “if; once [when].”

• arthaṃ ← artham ← artha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”

• gacchān ← gam
• [verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• daduṣo ← daduṣaḥ ← dā
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• rātim ← rāti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “gift; bounty; favor.”

• vavṛjyus ← vavṛjyuḥ ← vṛj
• [verb], plural, Perfect optative

• tṛṣyataḥ ← tṛṣ
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “thirst.”

• kāmam ← kāma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wish; desire; sexual love; sexual desire; desire; Kama; sensuality; love; purpose; sexual arousal; pleasure; enjoyment; licentiousness; kāma [word]; sexual intercourse; thorn apple; wish.”

अर्थिनः धनानि कामयमानाः यन्ति चेत् यन्ति च अर्थं प्रति । गत्वा च ददुषः दातुः रातिं दानं गच्छानित् गच्छन्ति च । गतेषु मध्ये यं हे सोम त्वमनुगृह्णासि तस्य तृष्यतः भिक्षमाणस्य कामं ववृज्युः । पुनः कामानावर्जयन्ति । तावत्पर्यन्तं पूरयन्तीत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ ३३ ॥

English translation:

“The petitioners seek for wealth, they attend the bounty of the liberal; (by you) men pour out the desireof the thirsty.”

And when those with (ritual) tasks proceed to their tasks, they will surely reach the generosity of the giver,
should they (manage to) deflect the desire of the thirsting man.

The most difficult verse in the hymn by far and perhaps not accidently the middle verse. It is striking among other things for its use of indicative (yánti), subjunctive (gáchān), and optative (vavṛjyuḥ) in the same sentence, and for the juxtaposition of the two roots √i and √gam with the same subject in an if-then construction. For the latter, see Renou’s disc.: he suggests persuasively that √i with acc. indicates the goal towards which one is proceeding, but √gam with acc. the attainment of the goal, though I am not at all sure this functional division holds throughout the uses of these presents in the RV.

I interpr. the verse within Geldner’s general scheme: that the subject throughout is the soma priests and the thirsting man (tṛ́ṣyataḥ) of c is a competing priest – or at least someone who covets the largesse of the giver (dadúṣaḥ) in b that rightly belongs to the hard-working priests named in a (arthínaḥ).

The sense of the pf. opt. vavṛjyuḥ in c is a bit difficult to grasp, primarily because the root √vṛj ‘twist’, etc., so seldom appears without a preverb. I think ‘deflect’ or ‘thwart’ is what is intended. As usual, I do not think that the fact that the optative is built to the perfect stem adds any particular “perfect” nuance, though I do have to admit in this case that there are optative forms built to another tense/aspect stem, namely the root aor. (vṛjyām 1x, vṛjyās 3x, vṛjyā́ma 1x), all in the idiom with pári.

When to their task they come with zeal, may they obtain the Giver’s grace,
And satisfy his wish who thirsts.

Wenn die Geschäftigen an ihr Geschäft gehen, so sollen sie die Gabe des Schenkers bekommen, den Wunsch des allzu Gierigen vorwegnehmen.

Wenn Erwerber auf Erwerb gehn, lass des Gebers Gunst sie finden Und des Durst’gen Gier sie stillen.

Если одержимые делом предаются (своему) делу,
Они получат награду дарителя.
Пусть избегают они желания (слишком) жадного (человека)!

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यन्नग्नं) जो नग्न है, उसको वह परमात्मा (अभ्यूर्णोति) वस्त्र से ढाँकता है (यत्+विश्वम्+तुरम्) जो सब रोगग्रस्त है, उसकी (भिषक्ति) चिकित्सा करता है, (अन्धः) नेत्रहीन (प्र+ख्यत्+ईम्) अच्छी तरह से देखता है। (श्रोणः) पङ्गु (निः+भूत्) चलने लगता है ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा की अचिन्त्य शक्ति है, इस कारण विपरीत बातें भी होती हैं, इसमें आश्चर्य्य करना नहीं चाहिये ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - अयं परेशः यन्नग्नं तद् अभ्यूर्णोति=वस्त्रेण आच्छादयति। यत्=विश्वं=सर्वम्। तुरम्=रोगग्रस्तमस्ति। तद् भिषक्ति। तस्य कृपया। अन्धः=नेत्रविकलः। प्र+ख्यत्=पश्यति। श्रोणः=पङ्गुरपि। निर्भूत्=निर्भवति=निर्गच्छति ॥२॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

विद᳓द् य᳓त् पूर्वियं᳓ नष्ट᳓म्
उ᳓द् ईम् ऋतायु᳓म् ईरयत्
प्रे᳓म् आ᳓युस् तारीद् अ᳓तीर्णम्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
naṣṭám ← √naś- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, voice:PASS}

pūrvyám ← pūrvyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vidát ← √vid- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

īm ← īm (invariable)

īrayat ← √īr- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

r̥tāyúm ← r̥tāyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

út ← út (invariable)

átīrṇam ← átīrṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́yuḥ ← ā́yus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

īm ← īm (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

tārīt ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

वि॒दत् । यत् । पू॒र्व्यम् । न॒ष्टम् । उत् । ई॒म् । ऋ॒त॒ऽयुम् । ई॒र॒य॒त् ।
प्र । ई॒म् । आयुः॑ । ता॒री॒त् । अती॑र्णम् ॥

• vidad ← vidat ← vid
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “find; detect; marry; get; think.”

• yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• pūrvyaṃ ← pūrvyam ← pūrvya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”

• naṣṭam ← naś
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “disappear; vanish; gasify; fail; perish; lose; bhasmībhū.”

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• ṛtāyum ← ṛtāyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• īrayat ← īray ← √īr
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “name; describe; propel; shoot; state; call; raise; expel; tell; enumerate.”

• prem ← pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• prem ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• āyus ← āyuḥ ← āyus
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

• tārīd ← tārīt ← tṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

• atīrṇam ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• atīrṇam ← tīrṇam ← tṛ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

यत् यदा पूर्व्यं पुराणं नष्टं स्वकीयं धनं विदत् लभते नष्टधनः ईम् एनम् ऋतायुं नष्टधनलाभार्थं यज्ञकामम् उत् ईरयत् प्रेरयति । धनं साधयतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“(Soma) urges him on when the sacrificer obtains (by offerings) him old lost wealth, he lengthen out hisunending life.”

He finds what was previously lost; he raises up the man who
follows truth.
He lengthens our (as yet) untraversed lifetime.

So may he find what erst was lost, so may be speed the pious man,
And lengthen his remaining life.

Er finde das, was früher verloren ging, er hebe den Rechtwandelnden empor; er verlängere die noch nicht zurückgelegte Lebenszeit.

Was verloren, schaff er wieder und erhöhe jeden Frommen, Dehne aus sein Leben endlos.

Пусть найдет он, что раньше потеряно!
Пусть поможет выдвинуться тому, кто предан закону!
Пусть продлит он срок (еще) не прожитой жизни!

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सोम) हे सर्वप्रिय देव ! (त्वं) तू साधुओं को (अन्यकृतेभ्यः+द्वेषोभ्यः) अन्य दुष्ट पुरुषों की दुष्टता और अपकार आदि से बचाकर (उरु) बहुत (वरूथं) श्रेष्ठ रक्षण (यन्तासि) देता है। (तनूकृद्भ्यः) जो शरीर और मन को दुर्बल बनाते हैं, उनसे आप रक्षा करते हैं ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो परमात्मा की आज्ञा पर चलते हैं, वे ईर्ष्या, द्वेष आदियों से स्वयं रहित हो जाते हैं, इसलिये उनकी भी कोई निन्दा नहीं करता। इस प्रकार परमात्मा सज्जनों को दुष्टता से बचाते रहते हैं ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे सोम=हे सर्वप्रिय जगदीश ! त्वं=साधून्। तनूकृद्भ्यः=तनूनां विच्छेदकेभ्यः। अन्यकृतेभ्यः। द्वेषोभ्यः=द्वेषेभ्यः। वरूथम्=वरणीयम्। उरु=विस्तीर्णं= रक्षणम्। यन्तासि=ददासि ॥३॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सुशे᳓वो नो मॄळया᳓कुर्+
अ᳓दृप्तक्रतुर् अवातः᳓
भ᳓वा नः सोम शं᳓ हृदे᳓

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
mr̥ḷayā́kuḥ ← mr̥ḷayā́ku- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

suśévaḥ ← suśéva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ádr̥ptakratuḥ ← ádr̥ptakratu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

avātáḥ ← avātá- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bháva ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hr̥dé ← hā́rdi ~ hr̥d- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

śám ← śám (invariable)

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

सु॒ऽशेवः॑ । नः॒ । मृ॒ळ॒याकुः॑ । अदृ॑प्तऽक्रतुः । अ॒वा॒तः ।
भव॑ । नः॒ । सो॒म॒ । शम् । हृ॒दे ॥

• suśevo ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suśevo ← śevaḥ ← śeva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friendly; favorable; dear.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• mṛﾱayākur ← mṛḍayākuḥ ← mṛḍayāku
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• adṛptakratur ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• adṛptakratur ← dṛpta ← dṛp
• [verb noun]

• adṛptakratur ← kratuḥ ← kratu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

• avātaḥ ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• avātaḥ ← vātaḥ ← van
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “obtain; gain; desire; get; like; love; overcome.”

• bhavā ← bhava ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• śaṃ ← śam
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “luck; well-being; fortune.”

• hṛde ← hṛd
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “heart; heart; mind; breast; hṛd [word].”

हे सोम पीतस्त्वं नः अस्माकं हृदे हृदये वर्तमानः सुशेवः सुसुखः मृळयाकुः सुखयिता अदृप्तक्रतुः अप्रमत्तप्रज्ञः अवातः अगमनश्च [ तव हृदये पीताय हृदय? ] सं (?”शं) भव । अपरो नः पूरणः ॥

English translation:

“Most gracious and conferring joy, void of pride in your acts, and never failing, dwell, Soma, auspiciouslyin our hearts.”

Very kindly to us, merciful, of undistracted resolve, unquenchable— be weal for our heart, o Soma.

With Grassmann I take avātá- as the negated ppl. of √vā ‘become extinguished’, in the sense ‘unextinguishable, unquenchable’, also in I.38.7, 52.4, and 62.10. It is separate from the homonymous avātá- ‘without wind, windless’ in VI.64.4 and X.129.2 and also from differently accented ávāta- (√van ‘win’) ‘unvanquished’. Geldner takes the avātá- forms here and in I.38.7 as ‘windless’ (as well as those in VI.64.4 and X.129.2) and in I.52.4 and 62.10 as ‘unvanquishable’. Renou takes this occurrence as ‘invincible’; see his disc. ad loc. My interpr. rests partly on semantic, partly on formal grounds. On the one hand, “windless Soma” (or, as Geldner has it, “ohne Wind zu machen”) makes no sense to me; on the other, though ‘invincible’ does make sense, I prefer to respect the accent otherwise found with that form, noting also that occurrences of that stem almost always appear with the participle vanván belonging to the same root. As for the occurrences in Maṇḍala I, avātá- once modifies mist (míh- I.38.2), once ‘streams’ (avánīḥ I.62.10, with phonological play), and once Indra’s śúṣmāḥ (I.52.4, there tr. ‘gusts’). In all cases (even, or esp., the last) ‘windless’ does not work; the point in all three cases is, I think, that the entity does not “go out”

– dissipate or disappear. Exactly how this applies to Soma here is less clear, but I assume that the point is that Soma is reliably present and available.

Gracious, displaying tender love, unconquered, gentle in thy thoughts,
Be sweet, O Soma, to our heart.

Sei uns freundlich, mildtätig; ohne den Geist zu verwirren, ohne Wind zu machen, bekomm, o Soma, unserem Herzen wohl!

Sei du freundlich uns und gnädig, treu behütend, unversieglich, Soma sei zum Heil dem Herzen.

(Будь) очень милостивым к нам, сочуственным,
Не помрачающим (наш) разум, надежным,
Будь нам, о Сома, благом в сердце!

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (ऋजीषिन्) सज्जन साधुजनों के रक्षक और अभिलाषिन् ! (त्वं) तू (चित्ती) अपनी अचिन्त्य शक्ति और मन से (तव+दक्षैः) अपने महान् बल से (दिवः) द्युलोक से (आ) और (पृथिव्याः) पृथिवी पर से (अघस्य) पापी जनों के (द्वेषः) द्वेषों को (यावीः) दूर कर दे ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इससे यह शिक्षा दी जाती है कि मनुष्यमात्र द्वेष और निन्दा आदि अवगुण त्याग दे, तब ही जगत् का कल्याण है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - ऋजीषिन्=हे ऋजुजनाभिलाषिन् ! त्वं+चित्ती=चित्त्या मनसा। तव+दक्षैः=स्वकीयबलैः। दिवः=द्युलोकात्। आ पुनः पृथिव्याः। अघस्य+चित्=पापस्य चित्। द्वेषः। यावीः=पृथक् कुरु ॥४॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

मा᳓ नः सोम सं᳓ वीविजो
मा᳓ वि᳓ बीभिषथा राजन्
मा᳓ नो हा᳓र्दि त्विषा᳓ वधीः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

sám ← sám (invariable)

soma ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vīvijaḥ ← √vij- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

bībhiṣathāḥ ← √bhīṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)

rājan ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

hā́rdi ← hā́rdi ~ hr̥d- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

tviṣā́ ← tvíṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

vadhīḥ ← √vadhⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

मा । नः॒ । सो॒म॒ । सम् । वी॒वि॒जः॒ । मा । वि । बी॒भि॒ष॒थाः॒ । रा॒ज॒न् ।
मा । नः॒ । हार्दि॑ । त्वि॒षा । व॒धीः॒ ॥

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• soma
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• vīvijo ← vīvijaḥ ← vij
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “flinch; bounce.”

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• bībhiṣathā ← bībhiṣathāḥ ← bhīṣay
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

• rājan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• hārdi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “heart.”

• tviṣā ← tviṣ
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “beam; color; beauty.”

• vadhīḥ ← vadh
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “kill; assail; kick; māray; destroy; beat.”

हे सोम पीतस्त्वं नः अस्मान् मा सं वीविजः । चलिताङ्गान् मा कार्षीः । हे राजन् सोम अस्मान् मा वि बीभिषथाः भीतान् मा कुरु । नः अस्माकं हार्दि हृदयं त्विषा दीप्त्या मा वधीः ॥

English translation:

“O Soma, cause us not to tremble, frighten us not, O king; smite not our hearts with your brightness.”

Don’t agitate us, o Soma; don’t frighten us, o king.
Don’t smite our heart with turmoil.

O Soma, terrify us not; strike us not with alarm, O King:
Wound not our heart with dazzling flame.

Mach uns nicht aufgeregt, o Soma, jag uns keinen Schrecken ein, o König; schlag nicht unser Herz durch heftige Wirkung!

Setz uns nicht in Schrecken, Soma, lass uns fürchten nicht, o König, Schlag nicht unser Herz im Zorne.

Не приведи нас, Сома, в смятение!
Не напугай нас, о царь!
Не убей вспышкой у нас в сердце!

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे ईश ! जगत् में आपकी कृपा से (अर्थिनः) धनाभिलाषी जन (अर्थं+यन्ति+चेत्) धन प्राप्त करें और दीन पुरुष (ददुषः) दाता से (रातिं) दान (गच्छान्+इत्) पावें और (तृषतः) धन और पानी के पिपासु जन के (कामम्) मनोरथ को (ववृज्युः) लोग पूर्ण करें ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! तुम परस्पर साहाय्य करो। न जाने तुम्हारे ऊपर भी अचिन्त्य आपत्ति आवे और सहायता की आकाङ्क्षा हो, इसलिये परस्पर प्रेम और भ्रातृभाव से वर्ताव करो ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे ईश ! तव कृपया। अर्थिनः=अर्थाभिलाषिणः। अर्थं+यन्ति+चेत्=प्राप्नुवन्तु। ददुषः=दातुः सकाशात्। रातिं=दानम्। गच्छान्+इत्=प्राप्नुवन्तु एव। तृष्यतः=धनाय तृष्णावतः पुरुषस्य। कामम्=मनोरथम्। ववृज्युः=पूरयन्तु ॥५॥

• देवता - सोमः
• ऋषिः - कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

अ᳓व य᳓त् सुवे᳓ सध᳓स्थे
देवा᳓नां दुर्मती᳓र् ई᳓क्षे
रा᳓जन्न् अ᳓प द्वि᳓षः सेध
मी᳓ढ्वो अ᳓प स्रि᳓धः सेध

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.
genre M;; Trochaic gāyatrī; see Oldenberg (1888) 25 and Vedic Metre (Arnold, 1905) 165.

Morph
áva ← áva (invariable)

sadhásthe ← sadhástha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

své ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

devā́nām ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

durmatī́ḥ ← durmatí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ī́kṣe ← √īś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED, mood:DES}

ápa ← ápa (invariable)

dvíṣaḥ ← dvíṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

rā́jan ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sedha ← √sidh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ápa ← ápa (invariable)

mī́ḍhvaḥ ← mīḍhváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sedha ← √sidh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

srídhaḥ ← srídh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

अव॑ । यत् । स्वे । स॒धऽस्थे॑ । दे॒वाना॑म् । दुः॒ऽम॒तीः । ईक्षे॑ ।
राज॑न् । अप॑ । द्विषः॑ । से॒ध॒ । मीढ्वः॑ । अप॑ । स्रिधः॑ । से॒ध॒ ॥

• ava ← av
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• sve ← sva
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• sadhasthe ← sadhastha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “dwelling; location; home.”

• devānāṃ ← devānām ← deva
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• durmatīr ← durmatīḥ ← durmati
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “hate; envy.”

• īkṣe ← īś
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

• rājann ← rājan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• dviṣaḥ ← dviṣ
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “hate; dviṣ; hostility; hostility.”

• sedha ← sidh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “chase away; repel.”

• mīḍhvo ← mīḍhvaḥ ← mīḍhvas
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “big.”

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• sridhaḥ ← sridh
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “failure; damage.”

• sedha ← sidh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “chase away; repel.”

स्वे सधस्थे स्वकीये सहस्थाने गृहे देवानां दुर्मतीः दुर्मतयो न प्रविशन्त्विति । यत् यदा अव ईक्षे अहं त्वं वेक्षसे तदा हे राजन् द्विषः अस्मद्वेप्ष्टॄन अप सेध। हे मीड्वः सोमरसस्य सेक्तः स्रिधः हिंसकान् अप सेध । हिन्धीत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ ३४ ॥

English translation:

“When in my house I watch against the enemies of the gods, then, O kind, drive away those who hateus– O showerer of blessings, drive away those who would harm us.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Showerer of blessings: mīḍhvaḥ = effuserof the Soma, somarasya sektā; or, phalasya sektā; or, kāmānām sektā

When I behold malevolent thoughts of the gods in my own seat,
o king, ward off hateful things; you who give rewards, ward off failures.
The next group of hymns consists of 80–87, with three hymns to Indra (80–82), one to the All Gods (83), one to Agni (84), and three to the Aśvins (85–87), all but the last showing the appropriate descending number of verse. But 87 can in fact be broken into two original hymns, to produce the proper sequence. The poets named by the Anukramaṇī are various.

Geldner’s tr. is very different: he takes áva not as a preverb in tmesis but as the 2nd sg. impv. to √av ‘help’ and ī́kṣe as the 2nd sg. med. pres. to √īś ‘be master of’ rather than the 1st sg. to √īkṣ ‘see’, hence “Hilf … wenn du … vermagst.” His n. 9ab allows for the possibility of the other tr., however – the interpr. favored by Oldenberg and found in Renou and in the published translation

When in my dwelling-place I see the wicked enemies of Gods,
King, chase their hatred far away, thou Bounteous One, dispel our foes.

Hilf, wenn du im eigenen Hause die Ungunst der Götter zu bannen vermagst! Halte, o König, die feindlichen Anschläge fern, halte die Fehlschläge fern, du Belohnender!

Wenn in meinem eignen Hause ich die Götterhasser sehe, König, so verjag die Feinde, gnädig jage fort die Bösen.

Если в своем собственном доме
Я разгляжу недоброжелательность богов,
О царь, прогони прочь ненависть,
О щедрый, прогони прочь заблуждения!

• सोमः
• कृत्नुर्भार्गवः
• निचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे भगवन् ! आपका उपासक (यत्) जो वस्तु (पूर्व्यं) पहले (नष्टम्) नष्ट हो गया हो, उसको (विदत्) प्राप्त करे और (ऋतायुं) सत्याभिलाषी जन को (ईं) निश्चितरूप से (उदीरयत्) धनादि सहायता से बढ़ावे। और (अतीर्णम्) अवशिष्ट (ईम्+आयुम्) इस विद्यमान आयु को (प्रतारीत्) बढ़ावे ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - उपासक धैर्य्य से ईश्वर की उपासना करें, सज्जनों की रक्षा, अपनी आयु बढ़ावें ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे भगवन् ! तवोपासकः। यद् वस्तु पूर्व्यं=पूर्वम्। नष्टम्। तद्। विदत्=प्राप्नोति। ऋतायुं=सत्याभिलाषिणं जनम्। ईं=निश्चयेन। उदीरयत्=उदीरयतु=वर्धयतु। अतीर्णम्= अवशिष्टम् आयुः। प्र+तारीत्=प्रवर्धयतु ॥६॥