०७७

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘जज्ञानः’ इत्येकादशर्चमष्टमं सूक्तं काण्वस्य कुरुसुतेरार्षम् । आद्या नव गायत्र्यो दशमी बृहत्येकादशी सतोबृहती । इन्द्रो देवता । तथा चानुक्रान्तं- जज्ञान एकादश प्रगाथान्तम्’ इति । महाव्रते निष्केवल्ये ‘जज्ञानो नु शतक्रतुः’ इत्येषा । तथैव पञ्चमारण्यके सूत्रितं- जज्ञानो नु शतक्रतुरित्येका’ (ऐ. आ. ५. २. ३) इति

Jamison Brereton

77 (686)
Indra
Kurusuti Kāṇva
11 verses: gāyatrī arranged in trcas 1–9; br ̥ hat ̥ ī 10, satobr̥hatī 11, arranged in a pragātha
This hymn primarily treats the obscure Emuṣa myth, a boyhood deed of Indra’s. As far as can be determined, in the R̥gvedic version (there are later Vedic prose ver sions, e.g., Taittirīya Saṃhitā VI.2.4.2–3) the just-born Indra, after a brief dialogue with his mother, takes a bow named Bunda and kills a boar named Emuṣa, allow ing him to capture (or Viṣṇu to capture for him) a special mess of rice porridge, as well as some buffalo, which he cooks for his father and mother. The most impor tant (and essentially only) R̥gvedic passages about this myth outside of VIII.77 are I.61.7, VIII.45.4–5, VIII.69.14–15, and VIII.96.2.
Our hymn begins with Indra’s dialogue with his mother (vss. 1–2), a dialogue found in the same words in VIII.45.4–5. Since in that passage Indra takes the Bunda bow prior to questioning his mother, we can connect the first two verses of this hymn with the story in verses 6–8, even though the Bunda bow is not men
tioned here in verses 1–2 and other material intervenes. Between the dialogue of verses 1–2 and the rest of the story starting in verse 6 are several references to other deeds of Indra’s, at least one of them (vs. 5) even more obscure than the Emuṣa myth. It does seem likely, however, that the drinking of prodigious amounts of soma in verse 4 is part of the Emuṣa story: in III.48, also about Indra’s boyhood and his relationship to mother and father, he consumes vast amounts of soma right after birth.
When the story is taken up again, we first are given a general summary of the myth in 6ab, and then the first incident in the story, the taking of the Bunda bow, in 6c. In our opinion, verse 8 is the speech of Indra’s mother, urging him to cap ture the porridge by means of the bow. Her “just born right now” (vs. 8c) echoes the “just born” that begins verse 1, and these two phrases form a ring defining the Emuṣa story. Verse 7 continues the story of the Bunda bow and the aiming of the arrow. Verse 9, the final verse in the gāyatrī meter, is a standard summary of Indra’s great deeds.
The last two verses (10–11) are in different meter. The first gives a précis of the myth, introducing Viṣṇu’s role in securing the rice porridge, a detail that does not appear in accord with verse 6. The final pāda of verse 10 identifies Indra’s opponent as a boar (no mention of the boar in the earlier verses) and in its final word provides the boar’s name, Emuṣa, as the solution of the riddle. (The name Emuṣa occurs only here in the R̥gveda.) The version given in verse 10 agrees better with the one in I.61.7 than it does with the treatment in the rest of this hymn and indeed in the rest of Maṇḍala VIII, which contains the other pertinent passages, and one wonders if the poet was trying to harmonize two versions that he knew of this myth by tack
ing the Viṣṇu verse onto the Viṣṇu-less version found in the gāyatrī portion of the hymn. The final verse (11) is a high rhetorical celebration of the Bunda bow and of Indra’s arms that wield it.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Indra

01 जज्ञानो नु - गायत्री

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जज्ञानो᳓ नु᳓ शत᳓-क्रतुर्
वि᳓ पृच्छद् इ᳓ति मात᳓रम् ।
“क᳓ उग्राः᳓? के᳓ ह शृण्विरे? ॥"+++(5)+++

02 आदीं शवस्यब्रवीदौर्णवाभमहीशुवम् - गायत्री

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आ᳓द् ईं शवस्य् अ᳙ब्रवीद्
और्णवाभ᳓म् अही-शु᳓वम् ।
“ते᳓ पुत्र सन्तु निष्टु᳓रः +++(←तरणे)+++” ॥

03 समित्तान्वृत्रहाखिदत्खे अराँ - गायत्री

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स᳓म् इ᳓त् ता᳓न् वृत्र-हा᳓ ऽखिदत्+++(←नोदने)+++
खे᳓+++(=चक्र-नाभौ)+++ अराँ᳓ इव खे᳓दया+++(=मुद्गरेण)+++।
प्र᳓वृद्धो दस्यु-हा᳓ ऽभवत् ॥

04 एकया प्रतिधापिबत्साकम् - गायत्री

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ए᳓कया प्रतिधा᳓पिबत्
साकं᳓ स᳓रांसि त्रिंश᳓तम्
इ᳓न्द्रः सो᳓मस्य काणुका᳓

05 अभि गन्धर्वमतृणदबुध्नेषु - गायत्री

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अभि᳓ गन्धर्व᳓म् अतृणद्
अबुध्ने᳓षु र᳓जस्सु आ᳓
इ᳓न्द्रो ब्रह्म᳓भ्य इ᳓द् वृधे᳓

06 निराविध्यद्गिरिभ्य आ - गायत्री

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नि᳓र् आविध्यद् गिरि᳓भ्य आ᳓
धार᳓यत् पक्व᳓म् ओदन᳓म्
इ᳓न्द्रो बुन्दं᳓ सु᳓आततम्

07 शतब्रध्न इषुस्तव - गायत्री

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शत᳓ब्रध्न इ᳓षुस् त᳓व
सह᳓स्रपर्ण ए᳓क इ᳓त्
य᳓म् इन्द्र चकृषे᳓ यु᳓जम्

08 तेन स्तोतृभ्य - गायत्री

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ते᳓न स्तोतृ᳓भ्य आ᳓ भर
नृ᳓भ्यो ना᳓रिभ्यो अ᳓त्तवे
सद्यो᳓ जात᳓ ऋभुष्ठिर

09 एता च्यौत्नानि - गायत्री

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एता᳓ च्यौत्ना᳓नि ते कृता᳓
व᳓र्षिष्ठानि प᳓रीणसा
हृदा᳓ वीडु᳓ अधारयः

10 विश्वेत्ता विष्णुराभरदुरुक्रमस्त्वेषितः - बृहती

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वि᳓श्वे᳓त् ता᳓ वि᳓ष्णुर् आ᳓भरद्
उरुक्रम᳓स् तुवे᳓षितः
शत᳓म् महिषा᳓न् क्षीरपाक᳓म् ओदनं᳓
वराह᳓म् इ᳓न्द्र एमुष᳓म्

11 तुविक्षं ते - सतो बृहती

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तुविक्षं᳓ ते सु᳓कृतं सूम᳓यं ध᳓नुः
साधु᳓र् बुन्दो᳓ हिरण्य᳓यः
उभा᳓ ते बाहू᳓ र᳓णिया सु᳓संस्कृत
ऋदूपे᳓ चिद् ऋदूवृ᳓धा