०७२

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

हवि᳓ष् कृणुध्वम् आ᳓ गमद्
अध्वर्यु᳓र् वनते पु᳓नः
विद्वाँ᳓ अस्य प्रशा᳓सनम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

gamat ← √gam- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

havíḥ ← havís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

kr̥ṇudhvam ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

adhvaryúḥ ← adhvaryú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

púnar ← púnar (invariable)

vanate ← √vanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

praśā́sanam ← praśā́sana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vidvā́n ← √vid- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ह॒विः । कृ॒णु॒ध्व॒म् । आ । ग॒म॒त् । अ॒ध्व॒र्युः । व॒न॒ते॒ । पुन॒रिति॑ ।
वि॒द्वान् । अ॒स्य॒ । प्र॒ऽशास॑नम् ॥

• haviṣ ← haviḥ ← havis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

• kṛṇudhvam ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• gamad ← gamat ← gam
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• adhvaryur ← adhvaryuḥ ← adhvaryu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Adhvaryu; adhvaryu [word]; Yajur-Veda.”

• vanate ← van
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “obtain; gain; desire; get; like; love; overcome.”

• punaḥ ← punar
• [adverb]
• “again; further; now; over and over; subsequently; repeatedly; however; besides.”

• vidvāṃ ← vid
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• praśāsanam ← praśāsana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

हे अध्वर्युसंबन्धिनो हविष्कर्तारः यूयं हविः कृणुध्वं कुरुध्वं शीघ्रम् । यतः आ गमत् आजगामायमग्निः अतः कृणुध्वम् । अध्वर्युः पुनः वनते संभजते । किम् । सामर्थ्यादध्वरमिति गम्यते । कीदृशोऽध्वर्युः । अस्य हविषः प्रशासनं प्रदानं विद्वान् ॥

English translation:

“()Priests), present the oblation, for (Agni) has come; the Adhvaryu again offers (the sacrifice),well-skilled in its offering.”

Make oblation! He will come here. The Adhvaryu seeks (him) again, knowing his command.

PREPARE oblation: let him come; and let the minister serve again
Who knows the ordering thereof,

Bereitet die Opferspende! Er komme her! Der Adhvaryu verlangt wieder nach ihm, seine Anweisung kennend.

Bereitet Schmalz, er komme her, aufs neue bringt der Diener dar, Mit seinem Auftrag wohl bekannt.

Готовьте жертвенное возлияние! Пусть он придет!
Адхварью снова привлекает к себе (Агни),
Зная его указание.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो अग्निवाच्येश्वर (वार्य्याणाम्) सर्वश्रेष्ठ धनों का (ईशे) सर्वाधिकारी है, (अग्निः) वह अग्नि (सख्ये) जिस हेतु वह सबका मित्र पालक है, अतः (नः) हम लोगों को (इषाम्+ददातु) सर्व प्रकार के सुखों को देवे। (तोके) पुत्र (तनये) पौत्र आदिकों के लिये (शश्वत्) सदा (अग्निम्+ईमहे) ईश्वर से सुख-सम्पत्ति की याचना करते हैं, जो ईश (वसुम्) सबको बसानेवाला (सन्तम्) सर्वत्र विद्यमान और (तनूपाम्) शरीररक्षक है ॥१३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वह ईश सबका सखा और पोषक है, अतः सर्व वस्तु के लिये उससे प्रार्थना करें ॥१३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - योऽग्निवाच्येश्वरः। वार्य्याणां=निखिलधनानाम्। ईशे=ईषे= स्वामी भवति सोऽग्निः। सख्ये=सर्वेषां स सखास्तीति हेतौ। इषामिषोऽन्नानि। नोऽस्मभ्यं ददतु। तथा। तोके=पुत्रे। तनये=पौत्रे च। अग्निं+शश्वत्=सर्वदा सुखम्। ईमहे=याचामहे। कीदृशम्। वसुं=वासकम्। सन्तम्=सदा वर्तमानम्। तनूपाम्=शरीररक्षकम् ॥१३॥

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

नि᳓ तिग्म᳓म् अभि᳓ अंशुं᳓
सी᳓दद् धो᳓ता मना᳓व् अ᳓धि
जुषाणो᳓ अस्य सखिय᳓म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

aṁśúm ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ní ← ní (invariable)

tigmám ← tigmá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

hótā ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

manaú ← manú- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sī́dat ← √sad- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

juṣāṇáḥ ← √juṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

sakhyám ← sakhyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

नि । ति॒ग्मम् । अ॒भि । अं॒शुम् । सीद॑त् । होता॑ । म॒नौ । अधि॑ ।
जु॒षा॒णः । अ॒स्य॒ । स॒ख्यम् ॥

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• tigmam ← tigma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sharp; pointed; fiery.”

• abhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• aṃśuṃ ← aṃśum ← aṃśu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• sīdaddhotā ← sīdat ← sad
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

• sīdaddhotā ← hotā ← hotṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Hotṛ.”

• manāv ← manau ← manu
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “Manu; mantra; Manusmṛti; fourteen; man; manu [word]; Vaivasvata; incantation; sacred text.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• juṣāṇo ← juṣāṇaḥ ← juṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• sakhyam ← sakhya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “friendship; aid; company.”

होता ऋत्विक् तिग्मं तीक्ष्णम् अंशुं तमग्निं नि षीदत् निषीदति । कीदृशो होता । अस्य अग्नेः सख्यं मनावधि यजमाने जुषाणः । अधीति सप्तम्यर्थानुवादी ॥

English translation:

“The Hotā sits down by (Agni’s) hot flame, rejoicing in his friendship towards the offerer.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Hot flame:aṃśu = Agni; or, the stalks of Soma

The Hotar sits down beside the sharp soma-plant, in Manu’s presence, taking pleasure in its companionship.

asya could also refer to Manu’s companionship and be tr. “in his companionship,” but in IX the companionship of soma is mentioned (IX.61.29=66.14, 107.19; cf. also I.91.14, IV.28.1).

Rejoicing in his friendship, let the priest be seated over man,
Beside the shoot of active power.

Der Hotri setzt sich nieder zu dem scharfen Somastengel, der schon unter Manu sich seiner Freundschaft erfreute.

Es setze zu dem scharfen Saft der Priester bei dem Menschen sich, Erwählend seine Brüderschaft.

Хотар подсел к растению сома,
Резкому (на вкус), (еще) при Ману
Вкусив его дружбу.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• पादनिचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वन् ! (अवसे) अपनी रक्षा और साहाय्य के लिये (गाथाभिः) स्तुतियों के द्वारा (अग्निम्) सर्वाधार परमात्मा की (ईळिष्व) स्तुति करो, (शीरशोचिषम्) जिसका तेज सर्वत्र व्याप्त है। (पुरुमीळ्ह) हे बहुतों को सन्तोषप्रद विद्वन् ! (राये) समस्त सुख की प्राप्ति के लिये (अग्निम्) ईश्वर की स्तुति करो। (नरः) इतर जन भी (श्रुतम्) सर्वत्र विख्यात (अग्निम्) उस परमात्मा की स्तुति करें, जो (सुदीतये) प्राणिमात्र को (छर्दिः) निवास देता है ॥१४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो ईश्वर प्राणिमात्र को निवास और भोजन दे रहा है, उसकी स्तुति प्रार्थना हम मनुष्य करें ॥१४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वन् ! अवसे=साहाय्यार्थम्। गाथाभिः=स्तुतिभिः। अग्निमीळिष्व। स्तुहि। कीदृशम्। शीरशोचिषम्= व्याप्ततेजस्कम्। हे पुरुमीळ्ह=बहुसन्तोषवर्षिन् विद्वन् ! राये। अग्निमीळिष्व। अन्येऽपि नरः=नराः। श्रुतं=प्रसिद्धमग्निम्। स्तुवन्तः। सुदीतये=जनाय। छर्दिर्गृहं ददातु ॥१४॥

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अन्त᳓र् इछन्ति तं᳓ ज᳓ने
रुद्र᳓म् परो᳓ मनीष᳓या
गृभ्ण᳓न्ति जिह्व᳓या सस᳓म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
antár ← antár (invariable)

ichanti ← √iṣ- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jáne ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

manīṣáyā ← manīṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

parás ← parás (invariable)

rudrám ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gr̥bhṇánti ← √gr̥bhⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jihváyā ← jihvā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

sasám ← sasá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒न्तः । इ॒च्छ॒न्ति॒ । तम् । जने॑ । रु॒द्रम् । प॒रः । म॒नी॒षया॑ ।
गृ॒भ्णन्ति॑ । जि॒ह्वया॑ । स॒सम् ॥

• antar
• [adverb]
• “inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

• icchanti ← iṣ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• jane ← jana
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• rudram ← rudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• paro ← paras
• [adverb]
• “beyond; away; farther.”

• manīṣayā ← manīṣā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “hymn; inspiration; idea; thinking; wish; consideration; intelligence.”

• gṛbhṇanti ← grah
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”

• jihvayā ← jihvā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”

• sasam ← sasa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

तं रुद्रम् । रुत् दुःखम् । तस्य द्रावयितारम् । अथवा रुत् स्तुतिः । तया गन्तव्यम् । स्तुत्यमित्यर्थः । तादृशमग्निं जने यजमानार्थं मनीषया स्वप्रज्ञानेन परः परस्तात् पुरोदेशे इच्छन्ति स्थापयितुम् । त एव पश्चात् ससं स्वपन्तमग्निं जिह्वया । जन्ये जनकशब्दः । जिह्वाप्रभवया स्तुत्या गृभ्णन्ति गृह्णन्त्यङ्गुलिभिः । अत्र यास्कः - स्वप्नमेतन्मध्यमं ज्योतिरनित्यदर्शनम्।….द्वैधं सत्ता मध्यमे च स्थाने उत्तमे च । ’ ( निरु. ५. ३) इति ॥

English translation:

“For the sake of the offerer, they seek by their skill to plural ce Rudra in the fore-front; they seize, as hesleeps, with their tongues.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With their tongues: with their hymns

They seek him within (themselves) and among the people, (seek him) as Rudra beyond inspired thought.
With his tongue they grasp the grain.

There are various ways to configure the places where “they seek.” I take antár in a pregnant sense, referring to the interior of the subject; the search expands to jáne, and finally to the place “beyond inspired thought” (paró manīṣayā). Since this phrase is also found in V.17.2, the two words must go together, whatever they are trying to convey.

Him, glowing bright beyond all thought, they seek among the race of man;
With him for tougue they seize the food.

Sie suchen ihn in der Fremde, den Rudra, der jenseits aller Vorstellung. Mit seiner Zunge halten sie die Nahrung fest.

Bei Menschen suchen Götter ihn, der heller glänzet als Gebet, Mit seiner Zunge trinken sie.

Они ищут (его) среди народа,
(Этого) Рудру за пределами воображения.
Они хватают пищу (его) языком.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हम उपासकगण (नः) अपने (द्वेषः) द्वेषियों को (योतवै) दूर करने के लिये (अग्निम्) परमात्मा से (गृणीमसि) प्रार्थना करते हैं और (शम्+योः+च) सुख के मिश्रण को (दातवे) देने के लिये ईश्वर से प्रार्थना करते हैं। जो परमात्मा (विश्वासु) समस्त (विक्षु) प्रजाओं में (अविता इव) रक्षकरूप से स्थित है और जो (ऋषूणाम्) ऋषियों का (हव्यः) स्तुत्य है और (वस्तुः) वास देनेवाला (भुवत्) है ॥१५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - किसी के साथ हम द्वेष न करें, जहाँ तक हो, जगत् में सुख पहुँचावें और उस ईश्वर की स्तुति प्रार्थना करें, जो सबका अधीश्वर है ॥१५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - नोऽस्माकम्। द्वेषः=द्वेष्टॄन् जनान्। योतवै=पृथक्कर्तुम्। अग्निं+गृणीमसि=गृणीमः=स्तुमः। शं=सुखम्। योः= भयानाममिश्रञ्च। दातवे=दातुम्। अथवा। शं=सुखस्य। योः+मिश्रणाय च। गृणीमसि। सोऽग्निर्विश्वासु सर्वासु। विक्षु=प्रजास्ववितेव रक्षिता राजेवर्षूणामृषीणामस्माकं वस्तुर्वासको देवो हव्यो भुवत्=भवतु। अथवा सर्वासु विक्षु यजमानरूपासु प्रजासु मध्य ऋषूणामृषीणां सूक्तद्रष्टॄणामस्माकमेव हव्यो भवतु वस्तुः सर्वस्य वासको देवः ॥१५॥

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

जामि᳓ अतीतपे ध᳓नुर्
वयोधा᳓ अरुहद् व᳓नम्
दृष᳓दं जिह्व᳓या᳓वधीत्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
atītape ← √tap- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

dhánuḥ ← dhánur ~ dhánvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

jāmí ← jāmí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

aruhat ← √ruh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

vánam ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vayodhā́ḥ ← vayodhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

avadhīt ← √vadhⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dr̥ṣádam ← dr̥ṣád- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

jihváyā ← jihvā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

जा॒मि । अ॒ती॒त॒पे॒ । धनुः॑ । व॒यः॒ऽधाः । अ॒रु॒ह॒त् । वन॑म् ।
दृ॒षद॑म् । जि॒ह्वया॑ । आ । अ॒व॒धी॒त् ॥

• jāmy ← jāmi
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “related; ancestral; customary; usual.”

• atītape ← tap
• [verb], singular, Redupl. Aorist (Ind.)
• “heat; burn; grieve; afflict; burn; afflict; trouble; boil.”

• dhanur ← dhanuḥ ← dhanus
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “bow; archery; dhanus [word].”

• vayodhā ← vayodhāḥ ← vayodhas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fortifying.”

• aruhad ← aruhat ← ruh
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “heal; grow; cicatrize; climb; board; ascend; grow.”

• vanam ← vana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• dṛṣadaṃ ← dṛṣadam ← dṛṣad
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “millstone; rock; jewel.”

• jihvayāvadhīt ← jihvayā ← jihvā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”

• jihvayāvadhīt ← avadhīt ← vadh
• [verb], singular, Athematic is aor. (Ind.)
• “kill; assail; kick; māray; destroy; beat.”

वयोधाः अन्नस्य दाताग्निर्मध्यमस्थानः जामि प्रवृद्धं सर्वमतिरिच्य वर्तमानम् । ‘ जाम्यतिरेकनाम ’ (निरु. ४. २०) इति यास्कः । धनुः धन्वान्तरिक्षम् अतीतपे अतितपति । अथवाग्नेर्जामि गमनशीलं धनुरतितपते स्वविरोधिनम् । स च वयोधा अन्नस्य दाताग्निः वनम् उदकम् अरुहत् आरोहति विमोकाय । तदर्थं जिह्वया ज्वालया दृषदं मेघम् अवधीत् हन्ति । दावाग्निपक्षे वनं तरुसमूहं हन्ति । जिह्वया दृषदं कठिनमपि पाषाणं भिनत्तीति ॥

English translation:

“(Agni), the giver of food, scorches the vast bow (Of the sky); he mounts the water; he smites the cloudwith his tongue.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With his tongue: jāmi = pravṛddham, sarvam atiricya vartamānam; his own; may be areference to a forest conflagration; he mounts the forest, he smites the rock (dṛṣadam) with his tongue

I have heated my familial bow. Imparting vital force, he has mounted the wood.
With his tongue he has struck the millstone.

atītape has been subject to a number of conflicting analyses (esp. passive or transitive with unexpressed subj.), but all seem to start with a 3rd sg. with anomalous ending -e. I see no reason why it cannot be a 1st sg., with the proper ending for a thematic medial reduplicated aorist. Although there are no other 1st singulars around, referents are ricocheting around everywhere in this hymn, and as indicated in the published introduction, the vss. do not show close connections to each other.

He hath inflamed the twofold plain: lifegiving, he hath climbed the wood,
And with his tongue hath struck the rock.

Der väterliche Bogen ist erhitzt worden; der Kraftspender hat das Holz erstiegen; mit der Zunge hat er an den Mahlstein geschlagen.

Die eignen Waffen liess er glühn, stieg kraftverleihend auf das Holz, Schlug mit der Zunge auf den Grund.

Принадлежащий (ему) лук раскалился.
(Агни), наделяющий жизненной силой, поднялся на дерево.
Языком он ударил по давильному камню.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

यज्ञ के लिये मनुष्य को नियोजित करता है।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! यज्ञ के लिये (हविः) घृत, शाकल्य, समिधा और कुण्ड आदि वस्तुओं की (कृणुध्वम्) तैयारी करो। (आगमत्) इसमें सकल समाज आवे। (अध्वर्युः) मुख्य, प्रधान याजक (पुनः+वनते) पुनः-पुनः परमात्मा की कामना करे, जो (अस्य+प्रशासनम्) इस यज्ञ का प्रशासन=विधान (विद्वान्) जानते हैं, वे ईश्वर की कामना करें ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यज्ञारम्भ के पूर्व समग्र सामग्री एकत्रित कर लोगों को बुला अध्वर्यु ईश्वर की स्तुति प्रार्थना प्रथम करे ॥१॥

यज्ञायाऽऽनियोजयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्याः ! यज्ञार्थम्। हविः=हविरादि सर्वं वस्तु। कृणुध्वम्=संचिनुध्वम्। जनता। आगमत्=आगच्छतु। अध्वर्युः=प्रधानयाजकः। पुनः=पुनः। पुनः। वनते=वनतां=ईशमिच्छतु। यः। अस्य यज्ञस्य प्रशासनम्। विद्वान्=जानन् वर्तते ॥१॥

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

च᳓रन् वत्सो᳓ रु᳓शन्न् इह᳓
निदाता᳓रं न᳓ विन्दते
वे᳓ति स्तो᳓तव अम्बि᳓यम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
cáran ← √carⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ihá ← ihá (invariable)

rúśan ← rúśant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vatsáḥ ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

nidātā́ram ← nidātár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vindate ← √vid- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ambyàm ← ambi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

stótave ← √stu- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

véti ← √vī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

चर॑न् । व॒त्सः । रुश॑न् । इ॒ह । नि॒ऽदा॒तार॑म् । न । वि॒न्द॒ते॒ ।
वेति॑ । स्तोत॑व्र् । अ॒म्ब्य॑म् ॥

• caran ← car
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”

• vatso ← vatsaḥ ← vatsa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• ruśann ← ruśan ← ruśat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “white; bright; bright.”

• iha
• [adverb]
• “here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”

• nidātāraṃ ← nidātāram ← nidātṛ
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vindate ← vid
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “find; detect; marry; get; think.”

• veti ← vī
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”

• stotava ← stotave ← stu
• [verb noun]
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• ambyam ← ambi
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “mother.”

वत्सः । वत्सवच्चापलेन धावनाद्वत्स इत्युपचर्यते । अथवा वत्स इव संचरन् । इवशब्दो लुप्यते । रुशन श्वेतो भवन् इह अस्मिल्ँलोके निदातारं निरोधकं न विन्दते न लभते । किंतु स्तोतवे स्तोतुम् अम्ब्यं स्तोतारं स्वयं वेति कामयते । अथवात्र वैद्युतोऽग्निरुच्यते । वैद्युतोऽयं रुशंश्चरंश्चेहान्तरिक्षे वत्सः सर्वदा वसन् वत्सस्थानीयो वा सन्निदातारं निरोधकं न विन्दते । किंतु स्तोतुमम्ब्यं माध्यमिकां वाचं वेति ॥ ॥ १४ ॥

English translation:

“Roaming like a calf and bright-shining, he finds here no hinderer; he seeks a chanter to praise hiṃ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Here: iha = here, in this world, asmin loke, in the sky, antarikṣe; Agni the lightning and the praiser (ambya) isthe thunder

The gleaming calf, roaming here, does not find anyone to bind it. It pursues its mama to praise (her).

Wandering here the radiant Calf finds none to fetter him, and seeks
The Mother to declare his praise.

Das weiße Kalb, das hier wandelt, findet keinen, der es anbindet; es verlangt seine Mutter zu preisen.

Das Kalb, das leuchtend wandert hier, hat keinen der es binde an, Die Mutter geht zu preisen er.

(Этот) светлый теленок, бродящий здесь,
Не находит того, кто привязал бы (его).
Он хочет прославлять (свою) мать.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

होतृकार्य दिखलाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (होता) होता नाम के ऋत्विक् (अस्य+सख्यम्) ईश्वर की मित्रता प्रार्थना और यज्ञसम्बन्धी अन्यान्य व्यापार (जुषाणः) करते हुए (मनौ+अधि) जहाँ सब बैठे हों, उससे उच्च आसन पर (तिग्मम्+अंशुम्) तीव्र अंशु अर्थात् अग्निकुण्ड के (अभि) अभिमुख होकर (निषीदत्) बैठे ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - होता कुछ उच्च आसन पर बैठ ईश्वर का ध्यान करे ॥२॥

होतृकार्य्यं दर्शयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - होता। अस्येश्वरस्य। सख्यं+जुषाणः=सेवमानः सन्। मनौ+अधि=मनुष्याणामुपरि स्थाने आसने। तिग्मम्। अंशुम्=अग्निमभि। निसीदत्=उपविशतु ॥२॥

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

उतो᳓ नु᳓ अस्य य᳓न् मह᳓द्
अ᳓श्वावद् यो᳓जनम् बृह᳓द्
दामा᳓ र᳓थस्य द᳓दृशे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

mahát ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

nú ← nú (invariable)

u ← u (invariable)

utá ← utá (invariable)

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

áśvāvat ← áśvāvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

br̥hát ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yójanam ← yójana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dádr̥śe ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

dāmā́ ← dāmán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ráthasya ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

उ॒तो इति॑ । नु । अ॒स्य॒ । यत् । म॒हत् । अश्व॑ऽवत् । योज॑नम् । बृ॒हत् ।
दा॒मा । रथ॑स्य । ददृ॑शे ॥

• uto ← uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• uto ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• nv ← nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• yan ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• mahad ← mahat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• aśvāvad ← aśvāvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “rich in horses.”

• yojanam ← yojana
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “yojana; use; yojana [word]; team.”

• bṛhat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• dāmā ← dāma ← dāman
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “wreath; dāman; dāman [word]; shackle; girdle; fetter.”

• rathasya ← ratha
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• dadṛśe ← dṛś
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

उतो अपि च नु क्षिप्रमद्य अस्य आदित्यस्य यन्महत् माहात्म्ययुक्तम् अश्वावत् संवृद्धाश्ववत् बृहत् महत् स्थूलं योजनं दृश्यते । तदेवाह। रथस्य दामा ददृशे दृश्यते। अन्तरिक्षे रथेऽश्वान्नियोजयतीत्यर्थः। तदा दुहन्तीत्युत्तरत्र संबन्धः ॥

अभिष्टवे घर्मदाहे ‘ दुहन्ति सप्त ’ इत्येषा । सूत्रितं च – दुहन्ति सप्तैकां समिद्धो अग्निरश्विना’ (आश्व. श्रौ. ४. ७) इति । ग्रावस्तोत्रेऽप्येषा । सूत्रितं च - ‘ दुहन्ति सप्तैकामधुक्षत्पिप्युषीमिषम् ’ (आश्व. श्रौ. ५. १२) इति ॥

English translation:

“As soon as the great stout harness of his horses is seen (in the sky), the traces of his chariot.”

And it’s just now that his team of horses, great and lofty,
the binder of the chariot, has been sighted.

Grassmann assigns dāmā́to an otherwise unattested long-ā́stem and glosses it as ‘Seil’, but it could just as well be the nom. sg. masc. to an -n-stem *dāmán- ‘binder’ formed to neut. dā́man- ‘bond’ (like m. brahmán- to neut. bráhman-).

And now that great and mighty team, the team of horses that are his,
And traces of his car, are seen.

Und sobald sein großes, hohes Rossegespann, der Strang des Wagens sichtbar ward,

Und nun erblickt man sein Gespann, das rossversehen ist und gross, Das hehre, und des Wagens Strang.

И вот показалась его великая
Упряжка с конями высокая,
Привязь (его) колесницы.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

ईश्वर का ग्रहण कैसे होता है, यह दिखलाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (रुद्रम्) सर्वदुःखनिवारक (तम्) उस ईश को (परः+मनीषया) अतिशयिता बुद्धि के द्वारा (जने+अन्तः) प्राणियों के मध्य देखने और अन्वेषण करने की (इच्छन्ति) इच्छा करते हैं और (ससम्) सर्वत्र प्रसिद्ध उसको (जिह्वया) जिह्वा से−स्तुतियों से (गृभ्णन्ति) ग्रहण करते हैं ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यज्ञ में जिसकी स्तुति प्रार्थना होती है, वह कहाँ है, इस शङ्का पर कहते हैं कि प्राणियों के मध्य में ही उसको खोजो और स्तुति द्वारा उसको ग्रहण करो ॥३॥

ईश्वरः कथं गृह्यत इति दर्शयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - रुद्रं=सर्वदुःखनिवारकम्। तमीशम्। परः=अतिशयितया। मनीषया=बुद्ध्या। जने=जनानां=जातानाम्। अन्तर्मध्ये द्रष्टुम्। इच्छन्ति। तथा। तं+ससम्=सर्वत्र प्रसिद्धम्। जिह्वया=रसनया=स्तुत्या। गृभ्णन्ति=गृह्णन्ति ॥३॥

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

दुह᳓न्ति सप्त᳓ ए᳓काम्
उ᳓प द्वा᳓ प᳓ञ्च सृजतः
तीर्थे᳓ सि᳓न्धोर् अ᳓धि स्वरे᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
duhánti ← √duh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ékām ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

dvā́ ← dvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

páñca ← páñca- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sr̥jataḥ ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

síndhoḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

svaré ← svará- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tīrthé ← tīrthá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

दु॒हन्ति॑ । स॒प्त । एका॑म् । उप॑ । द्वा । पञ्च॑ । सृ॒ज॒तः॒ ।
ती॒र्थे । सिन्धोः॑ । अधि॑ । स्व॒रे ॥

• duhanti ← duh
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “milk.”

• saptaikām ← sapta ← saptan
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “seven; seventh.”

• saptaikām ← ekām ← eka
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• dvā ← dvi
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “two; dvi [word]; second.”

• pañca ← pañcan
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “five; fifth; pañcan [word].”

• sṛjataḥ ← sṛj
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• tīrthe ← tīrtha
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “Tīrtha; ford; tīrtha [word]; guru; administrator; fingertip; landing.”

• sindhor ← sindhoḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• svare ← svara
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “voice; noise; sound; voice; note; tone; accent; seven; vowel; Vishnu; cry; accent; cry.”

सप्त ऋत्विजः एकां घर्मं दुहन्ति । तेषां मध्ये द्वा द्वौ प्रतिप्रस्थातारावध्वर्यू पञ्च अन्यान् उप सृजतः प्रयोजयतः । के ते पञ्च त उच्यन्ते । यजमानं ब्रह्माणं होतारमाग्नीध्रं प्रस्तोतारमिति । कुत्रेति उच्यते। सिन्धोः कस्याश्चित् सरस्वत्यादिप्रख्याताया नद्याः तीर्थे । यत्रायमृषिर्यजति तत्र । स्वरे अधि। स्वरतिः शब्दकर्मा । अधीति सप्तम्यर्थानुवादी । स्वरोपेते शब्दवति । यत्तीर्थमृत्विजाम् ओ श्रावय इत्यादिशब्दैः शब्दवद्भवति तस्मिन्नित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Seven milk one (cow), the two direct the five, on the resounding shore of the river.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

One (cow): ekam =gharma, or earthen vessel so called, which is used to boil milk in the pravargya ceremony. Seven: the sevenofficiating priests or assistants, two of him, the pratiprasthātā and the adhvaryu, are said to direct theperormance of the other five, viz., the yajamāna or instrumental tutor, the brāhmaṇa, the hotā, the agnīdhra and theprastotā. Resounding shore: exclamations used in the sacrifice performed by the ṛṣi of the hymn

The seven (priests) milk the one (cow [=soma plant?]), and the two (=hands?) send the five (fingers?) nearby,
at the ford of the river, at its sound.

The seven milk a single cow; the two set other five to work,
On the stream’s loud-resounding bank.

Melken die sieben Priester die eine Kuh, zwei Hände lassen die fünf Finger zu, am Ufer des Flusses unter Schall.

Es melken sieben eine Kuh, zwei setzen fünf in Thätigkeit, An Stromes Rauschen, an der Furt.

Доят одну (корову) семеро (жрецов),
Две (руки) подпускают (к ней) пятерых (телят)
У брода реки под звук (песен).

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ दश᳓भिर् विव᳓स्वत
इ᳓न्द्रः को᳓शम् अचुच्यवीत्
खे᳓दया त्रिवृ᳓ता दिवः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

daśábhiḥ ← dáśa- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

vivásvataḥ ← vivásvant- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

acucyavīt ← √cyu- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kóśam ← kóśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

khédayā ← khédā- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

trivŕ̥tā ← trivŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

आ । द॒शऽभिः॑ । वि॒वस्व॑तः । इन्द्रः॑ । कोश॑म् । अ॒चु॒च्य॒वी॒त् ।
खेद॑या । त्रि॒ऽवृता॑ । दि॒वः ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• daśabhir ← daśabhiḥ ← daśan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

• vivasvata ← vivasvataḥ ← vivasvant
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Surya; sun; Vivasvant; Vivasvant.”

• indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• kośam ← kośa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “treasury; sheath; Kośa; scrotum; bud; vessel; kośa [word]; treasure; calyx; container; bucket; box.”

• acucyavīt ← cyu
• [verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
• “fall down; issue; shoot; ejaculate; deviate; banish; drop; dislodge; miss; deprive.”

• khedayā ← khedā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• trivṛtā ← trivṛt
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “treble.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

विवस्वतः परिचरतो यजमानस्य दशभिः अङ्गुलीभिर्याचितः सन् इन्द्रः कोशम् । मेघनामैतत् । उदकसेचकं मेघं दिवः अन्तरिक्षसंबन्धिनं तत्सकाशाद्वा आ अचुच्यवीत् । व्यदारयदित्यर्थः। केन साधनेनेति तदुच्यते । त्रिवृता त्रिप्रकारवर्तनवता खेदया रश्मिना । यद्वा । अत्रेन्द्रशब्देनाग्निरादित्यो वा गृह्यते । खेदया त्रिवृतेति लिङ्गात् ॥

English translation:

“Invoked by the ten (fingers) of the worshipper, Indra has caused the cloud to fall from heaven by histhree-fold ray.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The ten: the fingers are called the ten sisters in RV 3.29.13;

Indra = Agni or Āditya; three-foldray: khedayā trivṛtā: khedayā = raśminā;

Trivṛtā = tri prakāravartanavatā, revolving in three ways;khedayā (RV 8.77.3) = rajjvā

With the ten (fingers) of Vivasvant, Indra has agitated the cask
of heaven with his triple hammer.

Entreated by Vivasvan’s ten, Indra cast down the water-jar
With threefold hammer from the sky.

Mit den zehn Fingern des Vivasvat hat Indra den Eimer des Himmels aufgezogen mit dreifachem Druck.

Mit zehn Vivasvatsöhnen goss den Wassereimer Indra aus, Mit dreigetheiltem Himmelskeil.

Десятью (пальцами) Вивасвата
Индра подтянул бадью неба
Тройным рывком.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

प᳓रि त्रिधा᳓तुर् अध्वरं᳓
जूर्णि᳓र् एति न᳓वीयसी
म᳓ध्वा हो᳓तारो अञ्जते

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
adhvarám ← adhvará- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

tridhā́tuḥ ← tridhā́tu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

eti ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jūrṇíḥ ← jūrṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

návīyasī ← návīyaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

añjate ← √añj- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

hótāraḥ ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

mádhvā ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

परि॑ । त्रि॒ऽधातुः॑ । अ॒ध्व॒रम् । जू॒र्णिः । ए॒ति॒ । नवी॑यसी ।
मध्वा॑ । होता॑रः । अ॒ञ्ज॒ते॒ ॥

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• tridhātur ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tridhātur ← dhātuḥ ← dhātu
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “mineral; dhātu; saptadhātu; Sanskrit verbal root; etymon; aṣṭaloha; mahābhūta; gairika; component; navadhātu; svarṇamākṣika; doṣa; inorganic compound.”

• adhvaraṃ ← adhvaram ← adhvara
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”

• jūrṇir ← jūrṇiḥ ← jūrṇi
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• eti ← i
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• navīyasī ← navīyas
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “new; fresh; up-to-the-minute.”

• madhvā ← madhu
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• hotāro ← hotāraḥ ← hotṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Hotṛ.”

• añjate ← añj
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “smear; anoint; mix; color.”

अयमग्निः त्रिधातुः लोहितशुक्लकृष्णभेदेन त्रिवर्णः जूर्णिः जवो वेगवान् नवीयसी नवीयस्या ज्वालया अध्वरं प्रवर्ग्यम् एति गच्छति । होतारः होमनिष्पादका अध्वर्य्वादयः मध्वा आज्यादिना परि अञ्जते । अथवाग्नेस्त्रिस्त्रिप्रकारा क्षिप्रा जवतरा ज्वाला पर्येति महावीरम् । तं मध्वाञ्जत इति ॥

English translation:

“The three-hued fresh impetuous (blaze) goes swiftly round the sacrifice, the priests anoint it with butteṛ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Three-hued: red, white and black; or, tridhātu = three elements

A newer firebrand goes around the ceremonial course three times. With honey the Hotars perform the anointing.

Three times the newIy-kindled flame proceeds around the sacrifice:
The priests anoint it with the meath.

Dreimal umwandelt die neueste Glut das Opfer, die Opferpriester salben sie mit Süßigkeit.

Die dreigetheilte Glut umgibt, die Opferfeier neu entflammt; Die Priester salben sie mit Meth.

Трижды обходит вокруг жертвы
Самый новый жар (Агни).
Хотары смазывают (огонь) сладостью.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सिञ्च᳓न्ति न᳓मसावत᳓म्
उच्चा᳓चक्रम् प᳓रिज्मानम्
नीची᳓नबारम् अ᳓क्षितम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
avatám ← avatá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

námasā ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

siñcánti ← √sic- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

párijmānam ← párijman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

uccā́cakram ← uccā́cakra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ákṣitam ← ákṣita- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

nīcī́nabāram ← nīcī́nabāra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

सि॒ञ्चन्ति॑ । नम॑सा । अ॒व॒तम् । उ॒च्चाऽच॑क्रम् । परि॑ऽज्मानम् ।
नी॒चीन॑ऽबारम् । अक्षि॑तम् ॥

• siñcanti ← sic
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “submerge; sprinkle; pour; wet; decant; impregnate.”

• namasāvatam ← namasā ← namas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

• namasāvatam ← avatam ← avata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “well.”

• uccācakram ← uccācakra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• parijmānam ← parijman
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “encompassing(a).”

• nīcīnabāram ← nīcīna
• [noun]
• “downward(ip).”

• nīcīnabāram ← bāram ← bāra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• akṣitam ← akṣita
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “undecaying; uninjured.”

नमसा नमनेन अवतं महावीरम् उच्चाचक्रम् उपरिस्थितचक्रं परिज्मानं परितो व्याप्तं नीचीनबारं नीचीनद्वारम् अक्षितम् अक्षीणमीदृशं क्षीराद्यवशेषयुक्तमाहवनीयस्योपरि नमनेन सिञ्चन्ति जुह्वति । महावीरेण ह्याहवनीये हूयते ॥ ॥ १५ ॥

English translation:

“They pour out with reverence the inexhaustible cauldron, as it goes round circular above and with anopening below:”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Cauldron: gharma or mahāvīra, the contents of which are thrown in to the āhavanīya fire;avata, a cistern, as a metaphor for a cloud, parijman

With reverence they dip out the encompassing wellspring with its (water-)wheel above
and its sides facing downward, the inexhaustible one.

With reverence they drain the fount that circles with its wheel above,
Exhaustless, with the mouth below.

Sie gießen unter Verbeugung den Brunnen aus, dessen Rad oben ist, den wandelbaren, dessen Öffnung nach unten geht, den unversieglichen.

Mit Ehrfurcht giessen sie den Born, der nicht versiegt, umwandernd aus, Und Grund und Oeffnung sind vertauscht.

С поклонением выливают они источник
С колесом наверху, делающий круги (вокруг вселенной),
С отверстием вниз, неиссякающий.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभिआ᳓रम् इ᳓द् अ᳓द्रयो
नि᳓षिक्तम् पु᳓ष्करे म᳓धु
अवत᳓स्य विस᳓र्जने

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
abhyā́ram ← abhyā́ram (invariable)

ádrayaḥ ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ít ← ít (invariable)

mádhu ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

níṣiktam ← √sic- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

púṣkare ← púṣkara- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

avatásya ← avatá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

visárjane ← visárjana- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

अ॒भि॒ऽआर॑म् । इत् । अद्र॑यः । निऽसि॑क्तम् । पुष्क॑रे । मधु॑ ।
अ॒व॒तस्य॑ । वि॒ऽसर्ज॑ने ॥

• abhyāram
• [adverb]

• id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• adrayo ← adrayaḥ ← adri
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• niṣiktam ← niṣic ← √sic
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “submerge; sprinkle; pour; immerse; water.”

• puṣkare ← puṣkara
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “lotus; Puṣkara; sky; puṣkara; pericarp; puṣkara [word]; Vishnu.”

• madhu
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• avatasya ← avata
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “well.”

• visarjane ← visarjana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “gift.”

अद्रयः आद्रियमाणा अध्वर्य्वादयः अभ्यारमित् अभिगम्यैव निषिक्तम् अतिरिक्तं मधु पुष्करे वपुष्करे प्रवृद्ध उपयमनीपात्रे सिञ्चन्ति अग्निहोत्रार्थम् अवतस्य महावीरस्य विसर्जने विसर्जनसमये । होमानन्तरं खलु महावीरमासन्द्यामासादयन्ति ॥

English translation:

“The reverent priests drawing near pour the superfluous butter into the large (spoon), where hey set thecauldron down.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Large spoon: upayamanī, sppon from which the sacrificer drinks the milk;

Down: on the stool,āsandyām

The pressing stones are just on their way to it. The honey has been poured down into the lotus
at the wellspring’s surging forth.

The hapax abhyā́ram is glossed by Grassmann “zur Hand, bereit,” and Geldner and Renou follow suit. Oldenberg suggests that it’s an absolutive, without specifying to what root or what it should mean. Still I think he has a better chance of being right than the others.

The -am gerund takes vṛddhi of the root and accent on the root syllable (see, e.g., Whitney Grassmann §995, and AV abhyākrā́mam). This form could well belong to abhí √ṛ (as in fact Grassmann also suggest) and mean ‘going towards’.

The pressing-stones are set at work: the meath is poured into the tank,
At the out-shedding of the fount.

Die Steine sind zur Hand, eingegossen ist die Süßigkeit in die Schale des Löffels beim Ausgießen des Brunnens.

Die Somasteine sind zur Hand, es träufelt ins Gefäss der Trank, Wenn ausgegossen wird der Born.

Камни совсем под рукой,
Сладость налита в ложку
При выливании источника.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

गा᳓व उ᳓पावतावत᳓म्
मही᳓ यज्ञ᳓स्य रप्सु᳓दा
उभा᳓ क᳓र्णा हिरण्य᳓या

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
avata ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

avatám ← avatá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

mahī́ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

rapsúdā ← rapsúd- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

yajñásya ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

hiraṇyáyā ← hiraṇyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

kárṇā ← kárṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

ubhā́ ← ubhá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

गावः॑ । उप॑ । अ॒व॒त॒ । अ॒व॒तम् । म॒ही इति॑ । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । र॒प्सुदा॑ ।
उ॒भा । कर्णा॑ । हि॒र॒ण्यया॑ ॥

• gāva ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• upāvatāvatam ← upāvata ← upāv ← √av
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “help.”

• upāvatāvatam ← avatam ← avata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “well.”

• mahī ← mah
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• yajñasya ← yajña
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• rapsudā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• ubhā ← ubh
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “both(a).”

• karṇā ← karṇa
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “ear; Karṇa; karṇa [word]; auricle; fluke; diameter; lobule.”

• hiraṇyayā ← hiraṇyaya
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “gold; aureate; hiraṇyaya [word].”

हे गावः घर्मदुघा यूयम् अवतं महावीरं प्रति उपावत उपागच्छत । यस्मात् यज्ञस्य घर्मयागस्य साधनभूते रप्सुदा। रप्सुदारप्सुदे आरिप्सोः फलप्रदे । लिप्स्वोरश्विनोर्दातव्ये वा। यद्वा रपणं शब्दनम् । रप् मन्त्रः । तेन सुष्ठु दातव्ये । अथवा ‘ षूद क्षरणे ‘। रपा मन्त्रेण क्षारणीये दोहनीये। ईदृशे गवाजयोः पयसी मही महती बहुले अपेक्षिते अत उपावतम् । गौरजाया अप्युपलक्षकः अजापयसोऽपि महावीरे सेचनीयत्वात्। अपि चास्य महावीरस्य उभा उभौ कर्णा कर्णस्थानीयौ द्वौ रुक्मौ हिरण्यया हिरण्मयौ सुवर्णरजतमयावित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Draw near, you cows, to the cauldron; (the two kinds of milk) in the sacrifice are plural ntiful and fruitgiving; both ears (of the vessel) are golden.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Two kinds of milk: the milk of a cow and a got is poured into thegharma or mahāvīra;

Rapsudā = āripsoḥ phalaprade, giving fruit to one who is about to begin; or, lipsvoraśvinor dātavye, to be presented to those who desire to receive it (i.e. the Aśvins); or, rap, to praise: mantreṇadātavye; or dohanīye, to be rightly offered or milked (sud) with hymns. OR, rapsu = rūpa: O cows, approachthe altar-trench (catvala), for heaven and earth (mahī) give beauty to the sacrifice; both your ears are golden

O cows, approach the wellspring with help. Great is (the vessel?) of the sacrifice, giving teeming abundance;
its two ears [=handles?] are golden.

The first pāda contains a lovely sound sequence: (g)ā́va (up)āva(t)āva(tam).

The hapax rapsúdā is difficult. Geldner refuses to tr.; Oldenberg suggests a connection with the rare lapsudín- (TS, etc.) ‘having a beard’. Although the phonology would obviously work, the semantic connection is shaky, and lapsudín- has no etymology either. I favor a suggestion of Renou’s, that the word here is connected with the secondary root √rapś, extracted from virapśá- ‘abundance’, which in turn derives from *vīra-p(a)śu-, by most lights (see comm. ad I.122.4). The first part of the word (rapsú-) can be seen as preserving the -u-, which the other forms don’t, but losing the ví (for which cf. rapśád-ūdhan- ‘with teeming udders’ [II.34.5, of dhenus]). The palatal sibilant cluster (-pś-) was also regularized to one containing the dental sibilant (for possible parallel ex. see rāspiná- I.122.4, with metathesis as well). The second part of the word would be the root noun to √dā ‘give’, in the nom. sg. fem., modified by mahī́, indicating a vessel (perhaps ukhā́?). Although we should expect a nom. sg. - dāḥ, the final may have been lost either because it was simply reanalyzed as a fem.

stem with suffixal -ā- or because it was lost in continuous recitation (before the pāda-initial vowel of pāda c) and not restored redactionally.

Ye cows, protect the fount: the two Mighty Ones bless the sacrifice.
The handles twain are wrought of gold.

Ihr Kühe, kommet dem Brunnen zu Hilfe, groß ist des Opfers …., beide Ohren sind golden.

Erfrischt, ihr Kühe, diesen Born, gross ist des Opfers Becherpaar, Die beiden Henkel sind von Gold.

Коровы, спешите на помощь к источнику!
Велика:жертвы –
Оба уха золотые.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ सुते᳓ सिञ्चत श्रि᳓यं
रो᳓दसीयोर् अभिश्रि᳓यम्
रसा᳓ दधीत वृषभ᳓म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

siñcata ← √sic- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śríyam ← śrī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

suté ← √su- (root)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

abhiśríyam ← abhiśrī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ródasyoḥ ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:DU}

dadhīta ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rasā́ ← rasā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

vr̥ṣabhám ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । सु॒ते । सि॒ञ्च॒त॒ । श्रिय॑म् । रोद॑स्योः । अ॒भि॒ऽश्रिय॑म् ।
र॒सा । द॒धी॒त॒ । वृ॒ष॒भम् ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• sute ← suta
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “Soma.”

• siñcata ← sic
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “submerge; sprinkle; pour; wet; decant; impregnate.”

• śriyaṃ ← śriyam ← śrī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “mister; Ms.; Lakshmi; good fortune; well-being; magnificence; glory; beauty; Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa; dignity; power; śrī [word]; śrī; prosperity; auspiciousness.”

• rodasyor ← rodasyoḥ ← rodasī
• [noun], locative, dual, feminine
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

• abhiśriyam ← abhiśrī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• rasā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Rasā; Earth; Earth.”

• dadhīta ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present optative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• vṛṣabham ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

सुते दुग्धे गोपयसि श्रियं श्रयणमाजं पयः आ सिञ्चत । सिञ्चत हे अध्वर्यवः । कीदृशमाजम् । रोदस्योः । कर्मणि षष्ठ्येषा । द्यावापृथिव्यौ अभिश्रियम् अभिश्रयन्तम् । अग्निसंयोगात्तावत्पर्यन्तं प्रवृद्धमित्यर्थः । अथवा ‘ तत्कावश्विनौ द्यावापृथिव्यावित्येके’ (निरु. १२. १) इति निरुक्तत्वादश्विनोरभिश्रियमित्यर्थः । सेचनानन्तरं रसा रस आजे पयसि वृषभं वर्षकमग्निं दधीत स्थापयत । अजाया आग्नेयीत्वात् क्षीरस्याप्यग्निसंयोजनमुचितम् । ‘ आग्नेयी वा एषा यदजा ’ (तै. ब्रा. ३. ७. ३. १) इति ब्राह्मणम् ॥

English translation:

“Drop into the milked (stream) the admixture, which reaches, (as it boils), heaven and earth; set the bullin the liquor.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Admixture: goat’s milk which is poured into the cow’s milk in the gharma; heaven and earth: theAśvins (NIrukta 12.1); bull in the liquor: vṛṣabha = bull, Agni;

Rasa = rase, liquor is the goat’s milk. The goat isdedicated to Agni, hence the contact of its milk with fire is proper

Into the pressed soma pour glory [=milk], the full glory of the two world-halves.
The Rasā (River [=water]) should receive the bull.

Pour on the juice the ornament which reaches both the heaven and earth
Supply the liquid to the Bull.

Gießet die Herrlichkeit in den ausgepreßten Saft, die beiden Welten überstrahlt! Den Bullen soll die Rasa annehmen!

Zum Soma giesst die warme Milch, die Erd’ und Himmel schön versüsst, Die Flut, sie nehme auf den Stier.

Наливайте в выжатый сок красоту (добавлений),
Украшение двух половин мироздания!
Пусть Раса примет быка!

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

ते᳓ जानत स्व᳓म् ओकि᳓यं
सं᳓ वत्सा᳓सो न᳓ मातृ᳓भिः
मिथो᳓ नसन्त जामि᳓भिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
jānata ← √jñā- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

okyàm ← okyà- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

svám ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

mātŕ̥bhiḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sám ← sám (invariable)

vatsā́saḥ ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

jāmíbhiḥ ← jāmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

mithás ← mithás (invariable)

nasanta ← √nas- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ते । जा॒न॒त॒ । स्वम् । ओ॒क्य॑म् । सम् । व॒त्सासः॑ । न । मा॒तृऽभिः॑ ।
मि॒थः । न॒स॒न्त॒ । जा॒मिऽभिः॑ ॥

• te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• jānata ← jñā
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; come to know; notice; determine; think of; find; learn; perceive; identify; recognize; understand; know; learn; ascertain; detect; deem.”

• svam ← sva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• okyaṃ ← okyam ← okya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• vatsāso ← vatsāsaḥ ← vatsa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• mātṛbhiḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• mitho ← mithas
• [adverb]
• “together; mutually; alternately.”

• nasanta ← nas
• [verb], plural, Present injunctive

• jāmibhiḥ ← jāmi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “sister; woman; daughter-in-law.”

ते ता गावः जानत ज्ञातवत्यः । अथवा सामान्याकारेण त इति पुंनिर्देशः । किम् । स्वं स्वकीयम् ओक्यं निवासं महावीरम् । तत्र दोग्धुमगमन्नित्यर्थः । तदेवाह । वत्सासः वत्साः मातृभिः न जननीभिः सह यथा संगच्छन्ति तद्वत् जामिभिः बन्धुभिः सहिता गावः मिथः प्रत्येकं सं नसन्त संगच्छन्ते महावीरम् ॥

English translation:

“They know their own abode; as calves with their mothers, so they severally assemble with their kiṇ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Know their own abode: i.e., as the cows come to the gharma to be milked, as to their stall

They [=soma juices] recognize their own home. Like calves coming together with their mothers,
they pair off with their kin [=milk and water].

These know their own abiding-place: like calves beside the mother cows
They meet together with their kin.

Diese kennen ihren gewohnten Ort. Wie die Kälber mit ihren Müttern, so vereinigen sie sich wechselseitig mit den Geschwistern.

Sie kennen wohl ihr eignes Haus, sie paaren mit den Schwestern sich, Wie Kälber mit den Mutterküh’n.

Они знают свое излюбленное место.
Словно телята с матерями,
Попеременно они соединяются с собратьями.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

उ᳓प स्र᳓क्वेषु ब᳓प्सतः
कृण्वते᳓ धरु᳓णं दिवि᳓
इ᳓न्द्रे अग्ना᳓ न᳓मः सु᳓वः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
bápsataḥ ← √bhas- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

srákveṣu ← srákva- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

dharúṇam ← dharúṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

diví ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇvaté ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

agnā́ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

índre ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

námaḥ ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

उप॑ । स्रक्वे॑षु । बप्स॑तः । कृ॒ण्व॒ते । ध॒रुण॑म् । दि॒वि ।
इन्द्रे॑ । अ॒ग्ना । नमः॑ । स्वः॑ ॥

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• srakveṣu ← srakva
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine

• bapsataḥ ← bhas
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “chew; snatch.”

• kṛṇvate ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• dharuṇaṃ ← dharuṇam ← dharuṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “prop; foundation.”

• divi ← div
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• indre ← indra
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• agnā ← agni
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• namaḥ ← namas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

• svaḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

महावीरस्य स्रक्केषु बप्सतः ज्वालया भक्षयतोऽग्नेरन्नं धरुणम् इन्द्रे अग्ना इति वक्ष्यमाणत्वादिन्द्राग्न्योर्धारकं दिवि अन्तरिक्षे उप कृण्वते उपकुर्वते । यदाग्निर्महावीरं दहति तदा तस्योपर्युभयविधं क्षीरमासेचयन्तीत्यर्थः । एवं महावीर आसिच्य इन्द्रे अग्ना अग्नौ च स्वः सर्वं गव्यमाजं च नमः अन्नम् । अथवा स्वरन्तरिक्षे । योजयन्तीति शेषः ॥ ॥ १६ ॥

English translation:

“(The priests) minister in the sky the supporting (milk) to (Agni) who devours with his jaws; they ministerall the food to Indra and Agni.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

All the food: svaḥ = divi, in the sky

In the jaws of the (soma press) as it chews they make themselves a support in heaven,
make their reverence to Indra and Agni, and create the sun.

I take kṛnvaté as governing three different objects, dharúṇam, námaḥ, and svàḥ, each with a slightly different relationship with the verb.

Devouring in their greedy jaws, they make sustaining food in heaven,
To Indra, Agni light and prayer.

Im Gebiß des Schnappenden machen sie die Stütze am Himmel, die Sonne: eine Huldigung für Indra und Agni.

Im Munde dessen, der da kaut, verschaffen sie dem Himmel Halt, Dem Indra, Agni Ehr’ und Heil.

В челюсти грызущего
Они создают опору неба,
Солнце, поклонение для Индры (и) Агни.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अ᳓धुक्षत् पिप्यु᳓षीम् इ᳓षम्
ऊ᳓र्जं सप्त᳓पदीम् अरिः᳓
सू᳓र्यस्य सप्त᳓ रश्मि᳓भिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ádhukṣat ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pipyúṣīm ← √pī- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

aríḥ ← arí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

saptápadīm ← saptápada- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ū́rjam ← ū́rj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

raśmíbhiḥ ← raśmí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

अधु॑क्षत् । पि॒प्युषी॑म् । इष॑म् । ऊर्ज॑म् । स॒प्तऽप॑दीम् । अ॒रिः ।
सूर्य॑स्य । स॒प्त । र॒श्मिऽभिः॑ ॥

• adhukṣat ← duh
• [verb], singular, sa aorist (Ind.)
• “milk.”

• pipyuṣīm ← pyā
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “swell; abound; swell.”

• iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• ūrjaṃ ← ūrjam ← ūrj
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

• saptapadīm ← saptapadī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• ariḥ ← ari
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• raśmibhiḥ ← raśmi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

अरिः अरणशीलो वायुः सूर्यस्य सप्त रश्मिभिः साधनैः पिप्युषीम् आप्याययत् इषम् अन्नम् ऊर्जं रसं च सप्तपदीं सर्पणस्वभावपादां माध्यमिकां वाचं घर्मधुग्रूपेणावस्थिताम् अधुक्षत् दुग्धवान् । यद्यप्यध्वर्युः पात्रेण गां दुग्धे तथाप्येवंभावनया साङ्गं भवति । माध्यमिकाया वाचो मधुधुक्त्वं ’ हिङ्कृण्वती, गौरमीमेत्’ (ऋ. सं. १. १६४. २७, २८) इत्यादिषु प्रसिद्धम् ॥

English translation:

“The wind by means of the sun’s seven rays milks the nourishing food and drink from the seven-steppedone.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Saptapadīm = the middle tone with gliding foot, which is person nified in the cow that is milked into thegharma; sarpaṇa svabhāva pādam mādhyamikam vācam gharmadhugrūpeṇāvasthitām; the thunder isoften called the mādhyamikā vāk; the cow (soma krayani) which is given as the price of the Soma, has totake seven steps, and it is considered to be vāk person nified; cf. Taittirīya Saṃhitā 6.1.7.8

The stranger has milked the swelling refreshment, the nourishment associated with the seven steps,
along with the seven rays of the sun.

The Pious One milked out rich food, sustenance dealt in portions seven,
Together with the Sun’s seven rays.

Der hohe Herr hat quillende Speise, Nahrung, die sieben Schritte mitgeht, herausgemolken, mit den sieben Strahlen der Sonne.

Der Treue sog den fetten Trank, die Speis’, die sieben Stätten füllt, Durch siebenfachen Sonnenstrahl.

Преданный (друг) надоил набухшей
Жертвенной услады, питательной силы (прочностью) в семь шагов
С помощью семи лучей солнца.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सो᳓मस्य मित्रावरुणा
उ᳓दिता सू᳓र आ᳓ ददे
त᳓द् आ᳓तुरस्य भेषज᳓म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

sómasya ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

dade ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

sū́raḥ ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

úditā ← úditi- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

ā́turasya ← ā́tura- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

bheṣajám ← bheṣajá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

सोम॑स्य । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णा॒ । उत्ऽइ॑ता । सूरे॑ । आ । द॒दे॒ ।
तत् । आतु॑रस्य । भे॒ष॒जम् ॥

• somasya ← soma
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• mitrāvaruṇoditā ← mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrāvaruṇa
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “Varuna; Mitra.”

• mitrāvaruṇoditā ← uditā ← uditi
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “rise.”

• sūra ← sūraḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• dade ← dā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• āturasya ← ātura
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “ill; miserable; suffering; brainsick; unhappy; desirous.”

• bheṣajam ← bheṣaja
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “drug; medicine; herb; bheṣaja [word]; remedy; reagent.”

हे मित्रावरुणौ सूरे सूर्ये उदिता उदिते सोमस्य सोमम् आ ददे स्वीकरोति । तत्र हेतुमाह। तत् स्वीकाररूपं कर्म आतुरस्य अस्मदादेः भेषजम् औषधम् । हितकरमित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Mitra and Varuṇa, I take the Soma when the sun is risen; it is medicine to the sick.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I take: adude =svīkaroti, he takes, svīkaromi

O Mitra and Varuṇa, at the rising of the sun I take of the soma:
it is healing for the afflicted.

ā́dade is ambiguous between 1st and 3rd sg. Geldner opts for 3rd, Renou for 1st , and Oldenberg waffles. I have chosen “I” but with no strong preference either way.

I took some Soma when the Sun rose up, O Mitra, Varuna.
That is the sick man’s medicine.

Beim Aufgang der Sonne hat er Soma zu sich genommen, o Mitra und Varuna: Das ist das Heilmittel für den Kranken.

Von Soma, Mitra-Varuna, nahm ich beim Sonnenaufgang mir, Das ist des Kranken Arzenei.

На восходе солнца, о Митра-Варуна,
Я взял себе сомы:
Это лекарство для больного.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

• देवता - अग्निर्हवींषि वा
• ऋषिः - हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

उतो᳓ नु᳓ अस्य य᳓त् पदं᳓
हर्यत᳓स्य निधानि᳓यम्
प᳓रि द्यां᳓ जिह्व᳓यातनत्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

nú ← nú (invariable)

padám ← padá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

utá ← utá (invariable)

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

haryatásya ← haryatá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

nidhānyàm ← nidhānyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

atanat ← √tan- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dyā́m ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jihváyā ← jihvā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

उ॒तो इति॑ । नु । अ॒स्य॒ । यत् । प॒दम् । ह॒र्य॒तस्य॑ । नि॒ऽधा॒न्य॑म् ।
परि॑ । द्याम् । जि॒ह्वया॑ । अ॒त॒न॒त् ॥

• uto ← uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• uto ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• nv ← nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• padaṃ ← padam ← pada
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

• haryatasya ← haryata
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “desirable; delightful.”

• nidhānyam ← nidhānya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• dyāṃ ← dyām ← div
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• jihvayātanat ← jihvayā ← jihvā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”

• jihvayātanat ← atanat ← tan
• [verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
• “expand; perform; cause; increase; write; spread; produce; spread; speak; propagate.”

पवमाने सोमे उतो अपि च अस्य सोमदातुः हर्यतस्य प्रदानं कामयमानस्य मम यत्पदं निधान्यं हविषां निधानार्हमुत्तरवेदिलक्षणं तत्र स्थित्वाग्निः द्यां परि परितः जिह्वया ज्वालया अतनत् व्याप्नोत् ॥ ॥ १७ ॥

English translation:

“Agni– standing in the plural ce which I, the eager offerer, choose as the spot for presenting the oblations–fills the sky on every side with his blaze.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

In the plural ce: uttara veda or the altar outside the enclosure

And it’s just now that his place, the place of the delightful one, is to be laid down:
he has stretched around heaven with his tongue.

From where oblations must be laid, which is the Well-beloved’s home,
He with his tongue hath compassed heaven.

Und sobald er seinen Platz erreicht hat, der zum Niedersetzen des begehrten Agni da ist, so hat Agni mit der Zunge den Himmel umspannt.

Vom Orte, wo sich hingesetzt der Liebliche, umschlang er nun Mit seiner Zung’ den Himmelsraum.

И вот то место, которое принадлежит
Этому желанному (Агни).
Он охватил (все) небо (своим) языком.

• अग्निर्हर्वीषि वा
• हर्यतः प्रागाथः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः