०७०

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

यो᳓ रा᳓जा चर्षणीनां᳐᳓
या᳓ता र᳓थेभिर् अ᳓ध्रिगुः
वि᳓श्वासां᳐ तरुता᳓ पृ᳓तनानां᳐
ज्ये᳓ष्ठो यो᳓ वृत्रहा᳓ गृणे᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
carṣaṇīnā́m ← carṣaṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

rā́jā ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ádhriguḥ ← ádhrigu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ráthebhiḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

yā́tā ← yā́tar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pŕ̥tanānām ← pŕ̥tanā- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

tarutā́ ← tarutár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

víśvāsām ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

gr̥ṇé ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

jyéṣṭhaḥ ← jyéṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥trahā́ ← vr̥trahán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

यः । राजा॑ । च॒र्ष॒णी॒नाम् । याता॑ । रथे॑भिः । अध्रि॑ऽगुः ।
विश्वा॑साम् । त॒रु॒ता । पृत॑नानाम् । ज्येष्ठः॑ । यः । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । गृ॒णे ॥

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• rājā ← rājan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• carṣaṇīnāṃ ← carṣaṇīnām ← carṣaṇi
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “people.”

• yātā ← yātṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• rathebhir ← rathebhiḥ ← ratha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• adhriguḥ ← adhrigu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “rich; powerful.”

• viśvāsāṃ ← viśvāsām ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• tarutā ← tarutṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “tarutṛ [word].”

• pṛtanānāṃ ← pṛtanānām ← pṛtanā
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”

• jyeṣṭho ← jyeṣṭhaḥ ← jyeṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• vṛtrahā ← vṛtra
• [noun], masculine
• “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

• vṛtrahā ← hā ← han
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

• gṛṇe ← gṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “praise.”

यः इन्द्रः चर्षणीनां मनुष्याणां राजा स्वामी रथैः याता गन्ता च अध्रिगुः अधृतगमनोऽन्यैः विश्वासां पृतनानां सेनानां तरुता तारकः । यः च ज्येष्ठः गुणैर्ज्यायान् । यश्च वृत्रहा वृत्रं हतवान् । तं महाभागमिन्द्रं गृणे स्तौमि ॥

English translation:

“I praise that Indra who is the lord of men, who proceeds irresistible in his chariots, the breaker-throughof all armies, the pre-eminent one, the slayer of Vṛtra.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Tarutā = tārakaḥ, deliverer; (RV 8.1.21): conqueror

He who is king of the separate peoples, a driver with chariots, rich, an overcomer in all battles, who is sung as the preeminent smasher of Vr̥tra—

HE who, as Sovran Lord of men, moves with his chariots unrestrained,
The Vrtra-slayer vanquisher, of fighting hosts, preeminent, is praised with song.

Der der König der Völker ist, der Vornehme, der zu Wagen fährt, der Überwinder in allen Kämpfen, der als größter Vritratöter gefeiert wird;

Ihn, der der Menschen König ist, auf Wagen unaufhaltsam fährt, Den Schlachtensieger preise ich, den besten Vritratödter ihn.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• पाद्निचृद्बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

इ᳓न्द्रं तं᳓ शुम्भ पुरुहन्मन् अ᳓वसे
य᳓स्य द्विता᳓ विधर्त᳓रि
ह᳓स्ताय व᳓ज्रः प्र᳓ति धायि दर्शतो᳓
महो᳓ दिवे᳓ न᳓ सू᳓रियः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ávase ← ávas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

puruhanman ← puruhanman- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śumbha ← √śubh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dvitā́ ← dvitā́ (invariable)

vidhartári ← vidhartár- (nominal stem)

yásya ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

darśatáḥ ← darśatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dhāyi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

hástāya ← hásta- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

práti ← práti (invariable)

vájraḥ ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

divé ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

maháḥ ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sū́ryaḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

इन्द्र॑म् । तम् । शु॒म्भ॒ । पु॒रु॒ऽह॒न्म॒न् । अव॑से । यस्य॑ । द्वि॒ता । वि॒ऽध॒र्तरि॑ ।
हस्ता॑य । वज्रः॑ । प्रति॑ । धा॒यि॒ । द॒र्श॒तः । म॒हः । दि॒वे । न । सूर्यः॑ ॥

• indraṃ ← indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• śumbha ← śubh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “look; shine; beautify.”

• puruhanmann ← puruhanman
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• avase ← avas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “aid; favor; protection.”

• yasya ← yad
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• dvitā
• [adverb]
• “again.”

• vidhartari ← vidhartṛ
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “organizer.”

• hastāya ← hasta
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “hand; hand; proboscis; hasta [word]; autograph.”

• vajraḥ ← vajra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

• prati
• [adverb]
• “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

• dhāyi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• darśato ← darśataḥ ← darśata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “beautiful; visible; beautiful.”

• maho ← mahaḥ ← maha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “great; abundant.”

• dive ← diva
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “day; sky; Svarga.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sūryaḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

हे पुरुहन्मन् ऋषे त्वं तम् इन्द्रं शुम्भ हविष्प्रदानादिनालंकुरु । किमर्थम् । अवसे रक्षणाय । एवमात्मानं संबोध्य ब्रवीति । यस्य तव विधर्तरि विधारक इन्द्रे द्विता द्वित्वमस्त्यौग्य्“मनौग्र्यम् । तव शत्रून् हन्तुमुग्रत्वं त्वदनुग्रहायानौग्र्यं चेति द्वैतमस्ति । तत्रौग्र्यचिह्नं दर्शयति । हस्ताय कराय हननाय शत्रूणां दर्शतः दर्शनीयः महः महान् वज्रः प्रति धायि प्रतिनिहितो भवति दिवे प्रकाशाय दिवसाय वा अथवा दिवि दृश्यमानः सूर्यः इव ॥

English translation:

“Puruhanman, honour that Indra for your protection, for in your upholder there is a two-fold might; heholds in his hand (to smite his enemies) the glorious thunderbolt great as the sun in heaven.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Two-fold might: tosmite your enemies and to favour your friends

Beautify that Indra, o Puruhanman, for his help, him whose (mace) is once again in (the hand of) the apportioner:
the mace, lovely to see, has been put back into his hand, like the great sun into heaven.

Pādas b and c are difficult. The superficially most natural interpretation is to take the two together, as Geldner does (“in dessen Hand … die gerngesehene Keule gelegt ward…”; so also Oldenberg), but the putative verb in this relative clause, dhāyi in c, is unaccented. If we take this lack of accent seriously, and I think we should, some other solution has to be found for the relative clause in pāda b, a task made all the more challenging by the disputed form vidhartári. This particular form appears twice (also IX.47.4) and formally belongs to the agent noun vidhartár- (voc. sg. 1x, nom. sg. 4x) ‘distributor, apportioner’. The -tári forms are nonetheless generally taken as infinitives. Tichy (1995: 59-61), by contrast, takes them as loc. sg. of a verbal abstract (here “in dessen Hand, wenn es ans Verteilen geht, ein weiteres Mal die sehenswerte Keule gelegt wird” [p. 60]), and others take it as nom. sg. neut. (See disc.

of these various possibilities with earlier lit. in Oldenberg and in Keydana [Infin. 196-99].) Keydana, at least for this verse, suggests that vidhartári is the (infinitival?) subject of the nominal relative clause, yásya its specifier, and dvitā́a predicate adverb: “Der Hand wurde die Keule dargereicht (pāda c), deren Austeilung ein weiteres Mal [erfolgt] (pāda b)” (199 n. 31). I consider the form to be a locative (like Tichy), but a locative not to an abstract but to the agent noun it appears to be and coreferential with Indra in pāda a. Alternatively it could refer to a third party, who is responsible for the return of Indra’s mace; this seems to be Oldenberg’s favored solution: “beim (Welt)ordner,” who is responsible for equipping Indra with the mace. In the absence of mythical context we cannot be certain. Though I have added the parenthetical “(in the hand of),” this tr. is an English makeshift for the German bei or French chez, which both render such locatives more efficiently. The statement in b, that the mace has been returned to Indra, is then restated in pāda c more clearly.

The datives hástāya and divé instead of the locatives that might be expected are curious.

Honour that Indra, Puruhanman! for his aid, in whose sustaining hand of old,
The splendid bolt of thunder was deposited, as the great Sun was set in heaven.

Den Indra verherrliche, o Puruhanman, zur Gunsterweisung, in dessen Hand, um sie festzuhalten, abermals die gerngesehene Keule gelegt ward wie die große Sonne an den Himmel.

Den Indra stimme, Puruhanman, dir zum Schutz, in dessen Hand als seine Wehr Der schöne Blitz gelegt ward, wie ans Himmelszelt der hocherhabne Sonnengott.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

न᳓किष् टं᳓ क᳓र्मणा नशद्
य᳓श् चका᳓र सदा᳓वृधम्
इ᳓न्द्रं न᳓ यज्ञइ᳓र् विश्व᳓गूर्तम् ऋ᳓भ्वसम्
अ᳓धृष्टं धृष्णु᳓ओजसम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
kármaṇā ← kárman- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

nákiḥ ← nákiḥ (invariable)

naśat ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

cakā́ra ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

sadā́vr̥dham ← sadā́vr̥dha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ŕ̥bhvasam ← ŕ̥bhvas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvágūrtam ← viśvágūrta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yajñaíḥ ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ádhr̥ṣṭam ← ádhr̥ṣṭa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dhr̥ṣṇvòjasam ← dhr̥ṣṇvòjas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

नकिः॑ । तम् । कर्म॑णा । न॒श॒त् । यः । च॒कार॑ । स॒दाऽवृ॑धम् ।
इन्द्र॑म् । न । य॒ज्ञैः । वि॒श्वऽगू॑र्तम् । ऋभ्व॑सम् । अधृ॑ष्टम् । धृ॒ष्णुऽओ॑जसम् ॥

• nakiṣ ← nakir
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• ṭaṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• karmaṇā ← karman
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “action; saṃskāra; ritual; procedure; karman; treatment; object; function; production; job; operation; karman [word]; act; job; passive voice; activity; consequence; function; yajña; pañcakarman; cooking; occupation; profession; construction; duty; method; natural process; duty; therapy.”

• naśad ← naśat ← naś
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “reach; achieve; enter (a state); reach.”

• yaś ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• cakāra ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• sadāvṛdham ← sadāvṛdha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• indraṃ ← indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• yajñair ← yajñaiḥ ← yajña
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• viśvagūrtam ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvagūrtam ← gūrtam ← gur
• [verb noun], accusative, singular

• ṛbhvasam ← ṛbhvas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• adhṛṣṭaṃ ← adhṛṣṭam ← adhṛṣṭa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “modest; invincible.”

• dhṛṣṇvojasam ← dhṛṣṇu
• [noun]
• “brave; ferocious; strong.”

• dhṛṣṇvojasam ← ojasam ← ojas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “strength; power; ojas; ojas [word]; potency; might.”

तं जनमन्यो मर्षको जनः कर्मणा हननादिव्यापारेण नकिः नशत् नैव व्याप्नोति । यः इन्द्रं चकार इन्द्रमेवानुकूलं यज्ञैः साधनैः । कीदृशमिन्द्रम् । सदावृधं सदा वर्धकं विश्वगूर्त सर्वैः स्तुत्यम् ऋभ्वसं महान्तम् अधृष्टम् अन्यैः धृष्ण्वोजसं धर्षकबलम् ॥

English translation:

“None can touch him by his deeds, who has made Indra his friend by sacrifices– (Indra) ever givingfresh strength, to be hymned by all, great, unconquered, of ever-daring might.”

No one will catch up with him who by his (ritual?) action created an ever strengthening one
like Indra, welcomed with sacrifices by all, ingenious, unassailable but of assailing might,

The identity of “him” in “No one will catch up with him…” is not sufficiently signalled in the published translation I take it to refer to the successful sacrificer (cf. VIII.31.17), who ritually strengthens and thus “has created” Indra. However, the perfect cakā́ra could instead signal mythic time; both Geldner and Oldenberg believe this refers to the original creator of Indra, as in IV.17.4. The reference to Indra’s birth in 4cd may support their position.

No one by deed attains to him who works and strengthens evermore:
No, not by sacrifice, to Indra. praised o all, resistless, daring, bold in might.

Keiner kommt dem an Verdienst gleich, der einen stets Fördernden wie den Indra erzeugt hat, den mit Opfergebeten Allgepriesenen, Meisterlichen, Unangreifbaren, von kühner Kraft.

Ihm kommt an Werken keiner gleich, die er gethan, dem segnenden, Dem vielgeliebten Indra an Verehrung nicht, der stark ist, kühn und unbesiegt.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• निचृद्बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

अ᳓षाळ्हम् उग्र᳓म् पृ᳓तनासु सासहिं᳓
य᳓स्मिन् मही᳓र् उरुज्र᳓यः
सं᳓ धेन᳓वो जा᳓यमाने अनोनवुर्
द्या᳓वः क्षा᳓मो अनोनवुः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áṣāḷham ← áṣāḷha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pŕ̥tanāsu ← pŕ̥tanā- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

sāsahím ← sāsahí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ugrám ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahī́ḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

urujráyaḥ ← urujrí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

yásmin ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

anonavuḥ ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

dhenávaḥ ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

jā́yamāne ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sám ← sám (invariable)

anonavuḥ ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

dyā́vaḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

kṣā́maḥ ← kṣám- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

अषा॑ळ्हम् । उ॒ग्रम् । पृत॑नासु । स॒स॒हिम् । यस्मि॑न् । म॒हीः । उ॒रु॒ऽज्रयः॑ ।
सम् । धे॒नवः॑ । जाय॑माने । अ॒नो॒न॒वुः॒ । द्यावः॑ । क्षामः॑ । अ॒नो॒न॒वुः॒ ॥

• aṣāﾱham ← aṣāḍham ← aṣāḍha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “invincible.”

• ugram ← ugra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

• pṛtanāsu ← pṛtanā
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”

• sāsahiṃ ← sāsahim ← sāsahi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “victorious.”

• yasmin ← yad
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• mahīr ← mahīḥ ← mahī
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “Earth; floor; Earth; land; real property; heaven and earth; space; Mahī; soil; earth; estate; area.”

• urujrayaḥ ← urujri
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• dhenavo ← dhenavaḥ ← dhenu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

• jāyamāne ← jan
• [verb noun], locative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• anonavur ← anonavuḥ ← nonāv ← √nū
• [verb], plural, Imperfect
• “bellow.”

• dyāvaḥ ← div
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• kṣāmo ← kṣāmaḥ ← kṣam
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “Earth; heaven and earth.”

• anonavuḥ ← nonāv ← √nū
• [verb], plural, Imperfect
• “bellow.”

अषाळ्हम् असोढम् उग्रम् उद्गूर्णबलं पृतनासु शत्रुसेनासु सासहिम् अभिभवितारं स्तौमीत्यर्थः । यस्मिन् इन्द्रे जायमाने महीः महत्यः उरुज्रयः बहुवेगाः धेनवः हविरादिना प्रीणयित्र्यः प्रजा गाव एव वा सम् अनोनवुः समस्तुवन् । न केवलं धेनव एव अपि तु द्यावः द्युलोकाः क्षामः पृथिव्यश्च सम् अनोनवुः । तत्रत्याः सर्वे प्राणिनो नमन्त इत्यर्थः। ‘ त्रिवृतो लोकाः (ऐ. ब्रा. २. १७) इति श्रुतेर्बहुवचनम् ॥

English translation:

“(I laud) him who is not to be withstood, the mighty, the conqueror in hostile hosts; whom, when he wasborn, the strong rushing cows welcomed and the heavens and the earths praised.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Kṣāmaḥ = kṣamiḥ;

Rushingcows: Maruts, the sons of Pṛśni; or, mankind offering oblations of clarified butteṛ..; the earths: the worlds arethree-fold, trivṛto lokaḥ

Invincible, mighty, and victorious in battles, in whose (control) are the great, wide-expanding (waters?).
While he was being born, the milk-cows kept bellowing in unison; the heavens and earths kept bellowing.

In my view this verse is structurally parallel to vs. 2: pāda a continues the previous verse; b is a nominal relative clause; and cd may or may not go with b, but have unaccented verbs. Geldner (n. to 2b) and Oldenberg also consider the verses parallel, but in the case of both verses they think that bc belong together despite the unaccented verbs of c(d). In separating b and c here I must supply a noun with the fem.

adjectives mahī́r urujráyaḥ – and choose ‘waters’, since pl. ā́pas, apás is common with mahī́ḥ; ‘rivers’ would also be possible, so Geldner, who seems to take mahī́ḥ simply as a designation of rivers (“die breitströmenden Flüsse”) without comment.

The potent Conqueror, invincible in war, him at whose birth the Mighty Ones,
The Kine who spread aftar, sent their loud voices out, heavens, earths seat their loud voices out,

Den Unbezwungenen, Gewaltigen, in den Schlachten Bezwingenden, bei dessen Geburt die breitströmenden Flüsse, die Milchkühe zusammen brüllten, die Himmel, die Erden brüllten.

Der unbesiegt in Schlachten siegt, der mächtige, bei dess Geburt die Kühe schon Die ausgedehnten, grossen alle jubelten, und Erd’ und Himmel jubelten.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

पुनरपि इन्द्र की महिमा दिखलाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो इन्द्रवाच्य परमात्मा (चर्षणीनाम्) समस्त प्रजाओं का (राजा) राजा है, जो (रथैः) परम रमणीय इन सकल पदार्थों के साथ (याता) व्यापक है और (अध्रिगुः) अतिशय रक्षक है। रक्षा करने में जो विलम्ब नहीं करता। (विश्वासाम्+पृतनानाम्) जगत् की समस्त सेनाओं का विजेता है, (ज्येष्ठः) सर्वश्रेष्ठ और (वृत्रहा) निखिल विघ्नों का हन्ता है, (गृणे) उस ईश की मैं प्रार्थना स्तुति और गुण-गान करता हूँ ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वह सर्वधाता, विधाता और पिता पालक है, उसकी पूजा करो ॥१॥

पुनरपीन्द्रस्य महिमानं दर्शयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - यः=इन्द्रवाच्येशः। चर्षणीनां=निखिलिप्रजानाम्। राजास्ति। यः खलु। रथैः रमणीयैः पदार्थैः। सह याता=गन्तास्ति। यः। अध्रिगुः=अतिशयरक्षिता। पुनः। विश्वासां=सर्वासाम्। पृतनानां=तरुतां=तारकः। ज्येष्ठः। यो वृत्रहा। तमिन्द्रम्। गृणे=प्रार्थयामि ॥१॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

य᳓द् द्या᳓व इन्द्र ते शतं᳓
शत᳓म् भू᳓मीर् उत᳓ सियुः᳓
न᳓ त्वा वज्रिन् सह᳓स्रं सू᳓रिया अ᳓नु
न᳓ जात᳓म् अष्ट रो᳓दसी

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dyā́vaḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śatám ← śatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bhū́mīḥ ← bhū́mi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

śatám ← śatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

syúḥ ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

utá ← utá (invariable)

ánu ← ánu (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

sahásram ← sahásra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sū́ryāḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

vajrin ← vajrín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

aṣṭa ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

jātám ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ródasī ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

यत् । द्यावः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । ते॒ । श॒तम् । श॒तम् । भूमीः॑ । उ॒त । स्युरिति॒ स्युः ।
न । त्वा॒ । व॒ज्रि॒न् । स॒हस्र॑म् । सूर्याः॑ । अनु॑ । न । जा॒तम् । अ॒ष्ट॒ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ ॥

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• dyāva ← dyāvaḥ ← div
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• śataṃ ← śatam ← śata
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• śatam ← śata
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• bhūmīr ← bhūmīḥ ← bhūmi
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “floor; earth; Earth; real property; region; pṛthivī; location; Earth; place; bhūja; floor; pit; bhūmi [word]; one; hole; shop; distance; country; space; land; territory; topographic point.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• syuḥ ← as
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• vajrin
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”

• sahasraṃ ← sahasram ← sahasra
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sūryā ← sūryāḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• jātam ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• aṣṭa ← aṣṭan
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “eight; eighth; aṣṭan [word].”

• rodasī
• [noun], nominative, dual, feminine
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

हे इन्द्र
ते तव प्रतिमानार्थं यत् यदि द्यावः द्युलोकाः स्युः तथापि नाश्नुवन्ति ।
उत अपि च भूमीः भूम्यस्ते तव मूर्तिप्रतिबिम्बाय शतं स्युः तथापि नाश्नुवन्ति ।
हे वज्रिन् त्वा त्वां सहस्रं सूर्याः अगणिता अपि सूर्याः न अनु भवन्ति । न प्रकाशयन्तीत्यर्थः। ‘न तत्र सूर्यो भाति’ ( क. उ. ५. १५) इति श्रुतेः ।
किं बहुना । जातं पूर्वमुत्पन्नं किंचन न अष्ट नाश्नुते ।
तथा रोदसी द्यावापृथिव्यौ नाश्नुवाते । सर्वेभ्योऽतिरिच्यस इत्यर्थः। ‘ज्यायान्पृथिव्या ज्यायानन्तरिक्षाज्ज्यायान्दिवो ज्यायानेभ्यो लोकेभ्यः’ (छा. उ. ३. १४. ३) इति श्रुतेः ॥ ॥ ८ ॥

यद्द्याव इति पूर्ववत्पथ्याबृहती । अनु इति तृतीयपादन्तः ॥ हे इन्द्र ते तव यत् यद्यपि द्यावः द्युलोकाः शतं स्युः उत अपिच भूमीः भूमयोपि यद्यपि शतं स्युः, तथापि वज्रिन् रोदसी द्यावापृथिव्यौ त्वां जातमात्रमपि नान्वष्ट नाश्नुवाते नानुव्याप्नुतः तवैश्वर्याधारत्वाय न पर्याप्नुतः । तथा यद्यपि सहस्रं सूर्यास्स्युः, तथापि ते त्वां तेजसा नान्वश्नुते । अश्नोतेः छान्दसे लङि वचनव्यत्ययेनैकवचनम्, शपो लुक्, ‘बहुलं छन्दस्यमाङ्योगेपि’ इत्यडागमः । यद्यपि शतं द्यावस्स्युः भूमयश्च सूर्याश्च सहस्रं ये रोदसी ये च सूर्याः त इन्द्रं नान्वष्ट । ‘नपुंसकमनपुंसकेन’ इति नपुंसकस्य शेषः, एकवचनं च ’ ॥

If a 100 Heavens o indra,
as also a 100 Earths could be yours,
O vajrin, a 1000 suns were not equal to you
even as you were born, nor were world-hemispheres.

shleSha in aShTa- indicating holy numbers 100+8; 1000+8 though in terms of semantics I believe it is the modal verb from root ash

English translation:

“Indra, were there a hundred heavens to compare with you, or were there a hundred earths– Othunderer, not even a thousand suns woudl reveal you– yes, no created thing would fill you, nor heaven andearth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Not even a thousand suns: there (in brāhmaṇa) the sun shines not: Katha Upan. 5.15; no created thing would fill you: the soul within my heart is greater than the earth, greater than the sky, greater than the heaven,greater than all these worlds: Chāndogya Up. 3.14

Since a hundred heavens and a hundred earths could be yours, Indra, a thousand suns were not equal to you when you were just born, o mace-bearer, nor were the two world-halves.

The conjoined NPs in ab display a neat chiasmus: dyā́vaḥ … śatáṃ, śatám bhū́mīḥ. This may help account for the placement of the utá after the second term (indeed after the entire second term: śatám bhū́mīr utá). Although XY utá structures are by no means uncommon (see Klein DGRV I.344-53), they are considerably rarer than the standard X utá Y type.

In cd there are two parallel nominal subjects, pl. sahásraṃ sū́ryāḥ and du.

ródasī, and neither matches the sg. verb ánu … aṣṭa in number. Several solutions have been proposed. BR (see Oldenberg) and Grassmann take ródasī as singular, but all other examples of sg. ródasī (and more common rodasī́) refer to the goddess of that name; when ródasī refers to the world-halves, it is always dual. Oldenberg also cites Geldner Komm for the view that the sg. verb was influenced by sahásram. I am inclined to assume that the sg. verb split the difference between the plural and dual subjects, and it is also possible that the construction was somehow syntactically calqued on the inherited neuter plural subject + singular verb construction (though neither of the subjects is neuter). It’s also worth noting that the root aor. 3rd du. middle of √(n)aś is not attested, and in fact, acdg. to Macdonell, Vedic Grassmann, the only 2nd or 3rd du. mid. root aor. attested is adhītām (X.4.6, √dhā) – so the poet may have been a bit insecure about what the du. form ought to be (*aśātām? *aṣṭāṃ?), and the pl. sū́ryāḥ may have been too distant in the vs. to allow the 3rd pl. aśata to be used instead.

O Indra, if a hundred heavens and if a hundred earths were thine-
No, not a thousand Suns could match thee at thy birth, not both the worlds, O Thunderer.

Wenn dir, Indra, auch hundert Himmel und hundert Erden wären, nicht tausend Sonnen würden dir, dem Geborenen, gleichkommen, noch beide Welten, o Keulenträger.

Wenn, Indra, hundert Himmel dir und hundert Erden wären auch, So fassten tausend Sonnen nicht dich, Blitzender, nicht das Geschaffne, Welten nicht.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• विराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पुरुहन्मन्) हे ईश्वरोपासक जन ! (अवसे) रक्षा के लिये (तम्+इन्द्रम्) उस परमैश्वर्य्यशाली ईश्वर को स्तुति प्रार्थना आदियों से (शुम्भ) भूषित करो, (यस्य+विधर्तरि) जिस धारक पोषक और दण्डव्यवस्थापक ईश्वर में (द्विता) निग्रह और अनुग्रह दोनों विद्यमान हैं, दण्डार्थ जिसके (हस्ताय) हाथ में (वज्रः+प्रति+धायि) वज्र स्थापित है और अनुग्रहार्थ जो (दर्शतः) परमदर्शनीय है, (महः) तेजःस्वरूप है। (दिवे+न+सूर्य्यः) जैसे आकाश में सूर्य्य है, वैसे ही वह सर्वत्र प्रकाशमान है। उसकी पूजा करो ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! देखो ईश्वर के कैसे अखण्डनीय नियम हैं, जिनके वश में चराचर चल रहे हैं ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे पुरुहन्मन् ! हे ईश्वरोपासक ! पुरून्=बहून् हन्ति दुष्टान् दण्डयति इति पुरुहा। तं यो मन्यते स्तौति स पुरुहन्मा। तमिन्द्रम्। शुम्भ=स्तुत्यादिभिर्भूषय। कस्मै प्रयोजनाय। अवसे=रक्षणाय। यस्य=यस्मिन् इन्द्रे। विधर्तरि=विशेषेण धातरि। द्विता=द्वित्वं निग्रहानुग्रहत्वरूपम्। अतएव। हस्ताय=हस्ते। यस्य। वज्रः। प्रति+धायि=प्रतिहितः। यो दर्शतः=दर्शनीयः। महः=तेजोरूपः। पुनः। दिवे=दिवि प्रकाशमानः। सूर्य्यो न=सूर्य्य इव ॥२॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

आ᳓ पप्राथ महिना᳓ वृ᳓ष्णिया वृषन्
वि᳓श्वा शविष्ठ श᳓वसा
अस्माँ᳓ अव मघवन् गो᳓मति व्रजे᳓
व᳓ज्रिञ् चित्रा᳓भिर् ऊति᳓भिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

mahinā́ ← mahimán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

paprātha ← √prā- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

vr̥ṣan ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣṇyā ← vŕ̥ṣṇya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

śávasā ← śávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

śaviṣṭha ← śáviṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

asmā́n ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ava ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gómati ← gómant- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

maghavan ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vrajé ← vrajá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

citrā́bhiḥ ← citrá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ūtíbhiḥ ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

vájrin ← vajrín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । प॒प्रा॒थ॒ । म॒हि॒ना । वृष्ण्या॑ । वृ॒ष॒न् । विश्वा॑ । श॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ । शव॑सा ।
अ॒स्मान् । अ॒व॒ । म॒घ॒ऽव॒न् । गोऽम॑ति । व्र॒जे । वज्रि॑न् । चि॒त्राभिः॑ । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• paprātha ← prā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “fill; satisfy.”

• mahinā ← mahina
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “greatness; enormousness.”

• vṛṣṇyā ← vṛṣṇya
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “manfulness; virility.”

• vṛṣan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• śaviṣṭha
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “mighty.”

• śavasā ← śavas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; superiority.”

• asmāṃ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• ava ← av
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• maghavan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; maghavan [word].”

• gomati ← gomat
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “rich in cattle; bovine.”

• vraje ← vraja
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”

• vajriñ ← vajrin
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”

• citrābhir ← citrābhiḥ ← citra
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• ūtibhiḥ ← ūti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “aid; favor; ūti [word].”

हे वृषन् अभिमतवर्षकेन्द्र त्वम् आ पप्राथ आपूरयसि व्याप्नोषि । कानि। विश्वा सर्वाणि वृष्ण्या वर्षकाणि बलानि शत्रुसंबन्धीनि । केन साधनेन । महिना महता शवसा बलेन स्वीयेन । अथवा वृष्ण्येत्येतच्छवोविशेषणम्। तथा सति अभिमतवर्षकेण महता बलेनास्मदीयानि बलानि पूरयसीत्यर्थः । अथ तथा कृत्वा अस्मान् गोमति बहुभिर्गोभिर्युक्ते व्रजे शत्रुसंबन्धिनि निमित्ते सत्यस्मान् अव हे वज्रिन् वज्रयुक्तेन्द्र। कैः साधनैः। चित्राभिः नानाविधैः ऊतिभिः रक्षणैरिति ॥

English translation:

“Mightiest showerer (of blessings), you have filled all (our hosts) with your vast bountiful power; OMaghavan, thunderer, guard us with your manifold protections, (when we march) against the well-stockedcowpen of our enemies.”

You have filled all things with your bullish greatness, bull, and with your strength, strongest one.
Help us to a pen full of cattle with your bright help, bounteous
mace-bearer.

Geldner takes the loc. gómati vrajé as a loc. absolute (“wenn es sich um rindergefüllte Hürde handelt”). By using the Engl. idiom “help someone to something” I may be stretching Sanskrit syntax further than is legitimate. Though see Grassmann, definition 4 s.v. av: “jemandem [A.] wozu [D., L.] verhelfen.” Unfortunately this is the only passage he places under that rubric with a loc.; the others have datives.

However, in Rivelex vol. I the Deep Case Frame for avi , subsection 1d / 1da, tags a number of other possible such passages with this structure (not all of which I would so interpret).

Thou, Hero, hast performed thy hero deeds with might, yea, all with strength, O Strongest One.
Maghavan, help us to a stable full of kine, O Thunderer, with wondrous aids.

Du hast mit deiner Größe, deiner Bullenkraft, du Bulle, mit deiner Macht, du Mächtigster, alle Räume erfüllt. Steh uns bei, Gabenreicher, wenn es sich um rindergefüllte Hürde handelt, mit deinen wunderbaren Hilfen, Keulenträger!

Mit Macht hast du dein Heldenwerk erfüllt, o Held, mit Stärke alles, stärkster du; Verhilf, o mächt’ger, uns zu rinderreichem Stall, mit reichen Hülfen, Blitzender.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तम्) उस ईश्वरोपासक की तुलना (कर्मणा) कर्म द्वारा (नकिः+नशत्) कोई भी नहीं कर सकता, जो जन (यज्ञैः) शुभकर्म द्वारा (इन्द्रम्+न) परमात्मा को ही (चकार) अपने अनुकूल बनाता है। जो इन्द्र (सदावृधम्) सदा धनों जनों को बढ़ानेवाला है। (विश्वगूर्तम्) सबका गुरु वा पूज्य (ऋभ्वसम्) महान् व्यापक (अधृष्टम्) अधर्षणीय है और (धृष्ण्वोजसम्) जिसका बल जगत् को कँपानेवाला है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - तमीश्वरभक्तम्। नकिः=न कश्चिदपि पुरुषः। कर्मणा=स्वव्यापारेण। नशत्=प्राप्तुं शक्नोति। यः पुरुषः। यज्ञैः=शुभकर्मभिः। इन्द्रं+न=इन्द्रमेव। चकार=विवशं चकार। कीदृशम्। सदावृधम्=सदावर्धकम्। विश्वगूर्तम्=विश्वगुरुं विश्वपूजितं वा। ऋभ्वसम्। महान्तम्। अधृष्टम्=अधर्षणीयम्। पुनः धृष्ण्वोजसम्=धर्षकबलम् ॥३॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

न᳓ सीम् अ᳓देव आपद्
इ᳓षं दीर्घायो म᳓र्तियः
ए᳓तग्वा चिद् य᳓ ए᳓तशा युयो᳓जते
ह᳓री इ᳓न्द्रो युयो᳓जते

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ádevaḥ ← ádeva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

āpat ← √āp- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sīm ← sīm (invariable)

dīrghāyo ← dīrghāyu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

mártyaḥ ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

étagvā ← étagva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

étaśā ← étaśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yuyójate ← √yuj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

hárī ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yuyójate ← √yuj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

न । सी॒म् । अदे॑वः । आ॒प॒त् । इष॑म् । दी॒र्घा॒यो॒ इति॑ दीर्घऽआयो । मर्त्यः॑ ।
एत॑ऽग्वा । चि॒त् । यः । एत॑शा । यु॒योज॑ते । हरी॒ इति॑ । इन्द्रः॑ । यु॒योज॑ते ॥

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sīm
• [adverb]

• adeva ← adevaḥ ← adeva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “godless.”

• āpad ← āpat ← āp
• [verb], singular, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
• “enter (a state); get; reach; obtain; equal.”

• iṣaṃ ← iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• dīrghāyo ← dīrgha
• [noun]
• “long; long; long; large; far; deep; dīrgha [word].”

• dīrghāyo ← āyo ← āyu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “life; life; age.”

• martyaḥ ← martya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”

• etagvā ← etagva
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “shining.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• etaśā ← etaśa
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “Etaśa; horse.”

• yuyojate ← yuj
• [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• harī ← hari
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

• indro ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• yuyojate ← yuj
• [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

हे दीर्घायो नित्येन्द्र सः अदेवः इन्द्राख्यदेवरहितः मर्त्यः मरणधर्मा मनुष्यः सीं सर्वम् इषम् अन्नं न आपत् न प्राप्नोति । यः मर्त्योऽस्येन्द्रस्य एतग्वा चित् । एतवर्णावेवाश्वौ भवतोऽभिमतदेशगमनाय । एतशा एतशावश्वौ युयोजते योजयति रथे यज्ञं गन्तुम् । यश्च इन्द्रः हरी युयोजते तं न यः स्तौति । स न प्राप्नोतीति समन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“O long-lived Indra, the mortal who has not you as his deity obtains no food; (he who praises not) thatsteed-borne Indra, who yokes to his car the two variegated, who yokes the two bay steeds.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Āpas = apa tad;harī indraḥ = indro hari

A godless mortal shall not acquire refreshment, o long-lived one!
Indra, who will yoke his two steeds that win dappled cows, who will yoke his two fallow bays—1164 VIII.71

For étagva- as ‘winning dappled cows’, see Thieme, Studien 67-68 and EWA s.v. The second hemistich is unconnected to the first; its two rel. clauses attach to the next verse.

Let not a godless mortal gain this food, O thou whose life is long!
But one who yokes the bright-hued steeds, the Etasas, even Indra yoker of the Bays.

Nicht soll der gottlose Sterbliche Speisegenuß erlangen, o Langlebiger! Welcher Indra sogar die beiden buntfarbigen Etasarosse anschirrt, die Hari´s anschirrt,

Kein Sterblicher, der gottlos ist, hat Gut erlangt, Unsterblicher; Nur der erlangt’s, der dir die schnellen Rosse schirrt, das Füchsepaar, o Indra, schirrt.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• विराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - उस परमात्मा की स्तुति करता हूँ, जो (असाळ्हम्) दुष्टों को कभी क्षमा नहीं करता। जिस कारण (उग्रम्) वह दण्डविधाता है और जगत् की उपद्रवकारी (पृतनासु) सेनाओं का (सासहिम्) शासक और विनाशक है। (यस्मिन्+जायमाने) जिसके सर्वत्र विद्यमान होने के कारण (उरुज्रयः) महा वेगवान् (महीः) बड़े (धेनवः) द्युलोक और पृथिव्यादिलोक (सम्+अनोनवुः) नियम से चल रहे हैं। धेनुशब्दार्थ स्वयं श्रुति करती है, (द्यावः+क्षामः) द्युलोक और पृथिव्यादिलोक ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! वह जगदीश महान्यायी और महोग्र है, जिसकी आज्ञा में यह सम्पूर्ण जगत् चल रहा है, उसकी कीर्ति का गान करो ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - तमीशं स्तौमि। कीदृशम्। असाळ्हम्=दुष्टान् प्रति असहनशीलम्। उग्रम्=दण्डविधायकम्। पुनः। जगदुपद्रवकारिणीषु। पृतनासु। सासहिम्=शासकं विनाशकञ्च। यस्मिन् जायमाने=सर्वत्र विद्यमाने सति। उरुज्रयः=महावेता। महीः=महत्यः। धेनवः+सम्+ अनोनवुः=नियमेन प्रचलन्ति। धेनुशब्दस्यार्थं स्वयमेव करोति। द्यावः=द्युलोकः। क्षामः=पृथिव्यादिलोका इति। धेनव इत्यस्यैव द्यावः क्षामश्चेत्यनुवादः ॥४॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

तं᳓ वो महो᳓ महा᳓यियम्
इ᳓न्द्रं दाना᳓य सक्ष᳓णिम्
यो᳓ गाधे᳓षु य᳓ आ᳓रणेषु ह᳓वियो
वा᳓जेषु अ᳓स्ति ह᳓वियः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
maháḥ ← mahás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mahā́yyam ← mahā́yya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

dānā́ya ← dāná- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sakṣáṇim ← sakṣáṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́raṇeṣu ← ā́raṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:PL}

gādhéṣu ← gādhá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:PL}

hávyaḥ ← hávya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ásti ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hávyaḥ ← hávya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vā́jeṣu ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

तम् । वः॒ । म॒हः । म॒हाय्य॑म् । इन्द्र॑म् । दा॒नाय॑ । स॒क्षणि॑म् ।
यः । गा॒धेषु॑ । यः । आ॒ऽअर॑णेषु । हव्यः॑ । वाजे॑षु । अस्ति॑ । हव्यः॑ ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “you.”

• maho ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• mahāyyam ← mahāyya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• indraṃ ← indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• dānāya ← dāna
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “giving; gift; bribery; performance; addition; yajña; fueling; teaching.”

• sakṣaṇim ← sakṣaṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• gādheṣu ← gādha
• [noun], locative, plural, neuter
• “ford.”

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• āraṇeṣu ← āraṇa
• [noun], locative, plural, neuter

• havyo ← havyaḥ ← hvā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• vājeṣv ← vājeṣu ← vāja
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• asti ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• havyaḥ ← hvā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

हे ऋत्विजः महः महान्तः वः यूयं तं महाय्यं पूज्यम् इन्द्र दानाय सक्षणिं सचमानं परिचरतेति शेषः । यः इन्द्रः गाधेषु उदकेषु हव्यः अस्ति आह्वातव्यो भवति । यः च आरणेषु गन्तव्येषु निम्नेषूदकेषु स्थलेषु वा हव्योऽस्ति । तथा वाजेषु संग्रामेषु जयाय हव्यः ह्वातव्योऽस्ति भवति ॥

English translation:

“Great (priests), worship that Indra who is propitiated by gifts; who is to be invoked in the shallows andin the depths, and who is to be invoked in battles.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Propitiated by gifts: dānāya sakṣaṇim = who follows for agift

(Call upon) him to give to you—Indra, the conqueror to be greatly magnified,
who is to be called upon at the fords and in foreign parts, who is to be called upon at the prize-contests.

Though as just noted, 7cd should be construed with this verse, the main clause to which those rel. clauses should be attached is incomplete - having a referent tám for the yáḥ of 7c, but no main verb. Geldner supplies “rufet,” which seems the simplest solution, extracted from the two forms of hávyaḥ in cd.

Grassmann, Geldner take ā́raṇa- as ‘depths’, presumably as a contextual antonym to gā́dha- ‘ford’, putatively ← *‘shallow’ (but see EWA s.v.). But there seems no good reason to separate ā́raṇa- from áraṇa- ‘alien, foreign’ and its relatives, esp. since a ford is a ‘shallow’ only indirectly. The other occurrence of ā́raṇa- (I.112.6) is not in an antonymic context; Geldner renders it “in der Grube” (pit), but there is no external support for this tr.

Urge ye the Conqueror to give, your Indra greatly to be praised,
To be invoked in shallow waters and in depths, to be invoked in deeds of might.

Diesen herrlichen, zu verherrlichenden, siegreichen Indra rufet zum Schenken, der in Untiefen und Tiefen anzurufen ist, der in den Preiskämpfen anzurufen ist.

Ihn, euren hehren Indra treibt, den Sieger, viel zu schenken uns, Den man an seichtem und den man an tiefem Ort, Den man in Schlachten rufen muss.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• आर्चीस्वराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

परमात्मा का अपरिमेयत्व दिखलाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमैश्वर्य्यशाली देव ! (यद्) यदि एतत्सदृश (शतम्+द्यावः) शतशः द्युलोक (स्युः) हों (उत) और (भूमीः) शतशः पृथिवी हों, तथापि (ते) तेरा परिमाण इन दोनों से नहीं हो सकता। (वज्रिन्) हे दण्डधर ! (सहस्रम्+सूर्य्याः) एक सहस्र सूर्य्य भी (त्वा+न) तुझको व्याप्त नहीं कर सकते। हे भगवन् ! किंबहुना, कोई भी वस्तु (जातम्) सर्वत्र व्याप्त तुझको (न+अन्वष्ट) व्याप्त नहीं कर सकती। (रोदसी) यह सम्पूर्ण द्युलोक और पृथिव्यादिलोक मिलकर भी तुझको व्याप नहीं सकता, क्योंकि पृथिवी, अन्तरिक्ष और द्युलोक और सम्मिलित सब लोकों से तू बड़ा है ॥५॥

परमात्मनोऽपरिमेयत्वं दर्शयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र=परमैश्वर्य्य ! यद्=यदि। एतत्सदृश्यः। शतम्=बहवः। द्यावः=द्युलोकाः। उत=अपि च। भूमीः=भूमयः। स्युः। तथापि। ते=तव ताभ्यां परिमाणं भवितुं नार्हति। हे वज्रिन् ! सहस्रं सूर्य्या अपि त्वा=त्वाम्। नाश्नुवन्ति। जातं=सर्वत्र व्याप्तम्। त्वां=किञ्चन नाष्ट=किमपि न व्याप्नोति किंबहुना। इमे रोदसी=द्यावापृथिव्यौ। नाश्नुवाते त्वाम्। सर्वेभ्योऽतिरिच्यस इत्यर्थः। ज्यायान् पृथिव्या ज्यायानन्तरिक्षाद् ज्यायान् दिवो ज्यायानेभ्यो लोकेभ्यः ॥५॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

उ᳓द् ऊ षु᳓ णो वसो महे᳓
मृश᳓स्व शूर रा᳓धसे
उ᳓द् ऊ षु᳓ मह्यइ᳓ मघवन् मघ᳓त्तय
उ᳓द् इन्द्र श्र᳓वसे महे᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

sú ← sú (invariable)

u ← u (invariable)

út ← út (invariable)

vaso ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mr̥śásva ← √mr̥ś- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rā́dhase ← rā́dhas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

śūra ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

magháttaye ← maghátti- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

maghavan ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahyaí ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

sú ← sú (invariable)

u ← u (invariable)

út ← út (invariable)

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

śrávase ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

út ← út (invariable)

उत् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । सु । नः॒ । व॒सो॒ इति॑ । म॒हे । मृ॒शस्व॑ । शू॒र॒ । राध॑से ।
उत् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । सु । म॒ह्यै । म॒घ॒ऽव॒न् । म॒घत्त॑ये । उत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । श्रव॑से । म॒हे ॥

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• ū ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• ṣu ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• ṇo ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• vaso ← vasu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “good; good; benign; vasu [word].”

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• mṛśasva ← mṛś
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “touch.”

• śūra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• rādhase ← rādhas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• ū ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• ṣu ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• mahyai ← mahi
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “great; firm.”

• maghavan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; maghavan [word].”

• maghattaya ← maghattaye ← maghatti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• śravase ← śravas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

हे वसो वासयितः शूर इन्द्र त्वं नः अस्मान् सु सुष्ठु उदु मृशस्व उन्मृशस्वैव । उत्थापय । किमर्थम्। महे महते राधसे अन्नाय । तथा हे शूर मघवन् इन्द्र उत् मृशस्व मह्यै महते मघत्तये धनदानाय । तथा उत् मृशस्व इन्द्र महे महत्यै श्रवसे कीर्त्यै ॥

English translation:

“O hero, giver of dwellings, raise up to enjoy abundant food; raise us up, Maghavan, for abundantwealth; raise us up, Indra, for abundant fame.”

Shape us up for your great generosity, o good one, champion—
(shape us) up for your great giving of bounty, bounteous one; (shape us) up for great fame, Indra.

The lexeme ud √mṛś is found only here in early Vedic, but like other combinations of √mṛś ‘touch’ + preverb, it seems to have a slightly slangy sense. Grassmann “jemand [A.] emporheben zu [D.],” but the sense of touch is lost. Geldner “Streck fein (die Hand) für uns aus,” which fails to render both the root meaning and the preverb.

My “shape us up” attempts to render both, with the sense “make us ready/worthy to receive.” The insistent úd here, opening pādas a, c, and d, may be meant to contrast with ní in the following verse (pādas b, d).

Note the alliteration: ab … mahé, mṛśasva … and esp. cd … mahyaí maghavan magháttaye, … mahé# This is the culmination of a play on mah- and magha- forms in the central part of the hymn: 6a mahinā́, 6c maghavan, 8a mahó mahā́yyam.

O Vasu, O thou Hero, raise us up to ample opulence.
Raise us to gain of mighty wealth, O Maghavan, O Indra, to sublime renown.

Streck fein die Hand für uns aus, du Guter, zu großer Freigebigkeit, du Held, zu großer Gabe, du Gabenreicher, zu großem Ruhme, Indra!

O hebe, guter, uns empor, zu grossem Schatze schnell, o Held, Empor, o reicher, uns zu reichem Schatzempfang, Idra, empor zu hohem Ruhm.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

तुवं᳓ न इन्द्र ऋतयु᳓स्
तुवानि᳓दो नि᳓ तृम्पसि
म᳓ध्ये वसिष्व तुविनृम्ण ऊरुवो᳓र्
नि᳓ दासं᳓ शिश्नथो ह᳓थैः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

r̥tayúḥ ← r̥tayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

ní ← ní (invariable)

tr̥mpasi ← √tr̥p- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tvānídaḥ ← tvāníd- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

mádhye ← mádhya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

tuvinr̥mṇa ← tuvinr̥mṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ūrvóḥ ← ūrú- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:DU}

vasiṣva ← √vas- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

dāsám ← dāsá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

háthaiḥ ← hátha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ní ← ní (invariable)

śiśnathaḥ ← √śnathⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । ऋ॒त॒ऽयुः । त्वा॒ऽनिदः॑ । नि । तृ॒म्प॒सि॒ ।
मध्ये॑ । व॒सि॒ष्व॒ । तु॒वि॒ऽनृ॒म्ण॒ । ऊ॒र्वोः । नि । दा॒सम् । शि॒श्न॒थः॒ । हथैः॑ ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indra ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• ṛtayus ← ṛtayuḥ ← ṛtayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• tvānido ← tvānidaḥ ← tvānid
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• tṛmpasi ← tṛp
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “satiate; enjoy; delight.”

• madhye ← madhya
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “midst; center; cavity; inside; middle; center; waist; group; pulp; torso; time interval; area; series; madhya [word]; Madhya; noon; middle; middle age; span; belly.”

• vasiṣva ← vas
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “wear.”

• tuvinṛmṇorvor ← tuvi
• [noun]
• “mighty; very; diverse; much(a); many.”

• tuvinṛmṇorvor ← nṛmṇa
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “manhood; power.”

• tuvinṛmṇorvor ← ūrvoḥ ← ūru
• [noun], genitive, dual, masculine
• “thigh; ūru [word]; ūru; shank.”

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• dāsaṃ ← dāsam ← dāsa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “slave; Dāsa; servant; savage; Shudra.”

• śiśnatho ← śiśnathaḥ ← śnath
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “pierce; kill.”

• hathaiḥ ← hatha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “blow.”

हे इन्द्र ऋतयुः यज्ञकामः त्वं नः अस्मान् त्वानिदः । त्वां यो निन्दति सः । अयजनमेव निन्दा तव । तस्मादयष्टुः सकाशात् नि नितरां तृम्पसि प्रीणयसि । तस्य धनमपहृत्येति भावः । एवं संतर्प्य हे तुविनृम्ण प्रभूतधन स त्वं तव ऊर्वोः मध्ये अस्मान् वसिष्व । ऊरुभ्यामाच्छादय रक्षार्थम् । दासम् उपक्षपयितारमस्मद्द्वेषिणं पापं वा हथैः हननैः नि शिश्नथः मारयसि । अथवा त्वद्विरोधिनं दासमसुरं नि शिश्नथो हननैः ॥ ॥ ९ ॥

English translation:

“Indra, who delights in offerings, you satisfy us abundantly with (the possession of him) who despisesyou; O you possessed of vast wealth, shelter us between your thighs; you smite down the Dāsa with yourblows.”

You are the one who seeks the truth for us, Indra. You find no
satisfaction in him who reviles you.
Gird yourself in between your thighs, o you of mighty manliness. Jab down the Dāsa with your blows.

The lexeme ní √tṛp occurs only here (in all of Sanskrit, as far as I can tell). I interpret the ní as reversing the meaning of the root verb, as sometimes elsewhere (see Jamison 1983: 86 for some other examples) - hence ‘be unsatisfied’ ← √tṛp ‘be satisfied’. Scarlatta also seems to interpret the verb in this fashion (“… bist du unzufrieden”), but does not comment on why. Grassmann ‘verzehren’ (consume), Oldenberg ‘sich sättigen’. Since tṛmpáti is ordinarily construed with a genitive, I take tvānídaḥ as a gen. sg., not acc. pl., as Grassmann and Geldner take it. Scarlatta allows either possibility, and Oldenberg favors the gen. My interpretation is thus rather distinct from Geldner’s “du hast deine Schmäher satt” (have your fill of), though his also conveys a negative sense.

The girding motif of c must indicate some kind of preparation for battle, but what exactly the equipment and procedure were is not clear.

I have, reluctantly, interpreted the injunctive śiśnathaḥ in d as an imperative, as also in VIII.24.25. So also Geldner in both passages. It would be possible here (less so in VIII.24.25) to interpret it modally “you will jab down…” or even as a timeless statement “you jab down…” Note the play of #t u vám…, #t u vanído … / … tuvinṛmna

Indra, thou justifiest us, and tramplest down thy slanderers.
Guard thyself, valiant Hero, in thy vital parts: strike down the Dasa with thy blows.

Du, Indra, willst uns gerecht werden, du hast deine Schmäher satt. Bedecke dich, du Mutiger, zwischen den Schenkeln, schlag den Dasa mit deinen Streichen nieder!

Du Indra bist uns Frommen hold, den, der dich hasst, verzehrest du; Dem Dämon ziele mitten auf die Hüften hin, mit Todesschuss durchbohre ihn.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• आर्चीस्वराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दीर्घायो) हे चिरन्तन हे नित्यसनातन देव ! (अदेवः) जो तेरी उपासना प्रार्थना आदि से रहित (मर्त्यः) मनुष्य है, वह (सीम्+इषम्) किसी प्रकार के अन्नों को (न+आपत्) न पावे। (यः) जो तू (एतग्वा+चित्) नाना वर्णयुक्त (एतशा) इन दृश्यमान स्थावर और जङ्गमरूप संसारों को (युयोजते) कार्य्य में लगाकर शासन कर रहा है। इसी को अन्य शब्दों से विस्पष्ट करते हैं, (इन्द्रः+हरी+युयोजते) परमात्मा इन परस्पर हरणशील द्विविध संसारों को नियोजित कर रहा है। उस परमपिता को जो नहीं भजता है, उसका कल्याण कैसे हो सकता है ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अदेव−इससे यह दिखलाया गया है कि जो ईश्वरोपासना से रहित है, वह इसलोक और परलोक दोनों में दुःखभागी होता है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे दीर्घायो ! नित्य चिरन्तन देव ! अदेवः=देवोपासनारहितः तवोपासनाविमुखः। मर्त्यः। सीम्=सर्वम्। इषं=अन्नम्। नापत्=न प्राप्नोतु। यस्त्वम्। एतग्वाचित्=नानावर्णौ। एतशा=एतशौ इमौ स्थावरजङ्गमौ। युयोजते=अतिशयेन नियोजयति। इदमेव विस्पष्टयति। इन्द्रः। हरी=परस्परहरणशीलौ स्थावरजङ्गमात्मकौ संसारौ युयोजते ॥७॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

अन्य᳓व्रतम् अ᳓मानुषम्
अ᳓यज्वानम् अ᳓देवयुम्
अ᳓व स्वः᳓ स᳓खा दुधुवीत प᳓र्वतः
सुघ्ना᳓य द᳓स्युम् प᳓र्वतः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ámānuṣam ← ámānuṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

anyávratam ← anyávrata- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ádevayum ← ádevayu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

áyajvānam ← áyajvan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

áva ← áva (invariable)

dudhuvīta ← √dhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

párvataḥ ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhā ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sváḥ ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dásyum ← dásyu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

párvataḥ ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sughnā́ya ← sughná- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒न्यऽव्र॑तम् । अमा॑नुषम् । अय॑ज्वानम् । अदे॑वऽयुम् ।
अव॑ । स्वः । सखा॑ । दु॒धु॒वी॒त॒ । पर्व॑तः । सु॒ऽघ्नाय॑ । दस्यु॑म् । पर्व॑तः ॥

• anyavratam ← anya
• [noun]
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

• anyavratam ← vratam ← vrata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vrata (vote); commandment; law; oath; command; rule; custom; vrata [word]; rule; behavior.”

• amānuṣam ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• amānuṣam ← mānuṣam ← mānuṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “human.”

• ayajvānam ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• ayajvānam ← yajvānam ← yajvan
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• adevayum ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• adevayum ← devayum ← devayu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “devout; devoted.”

• ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• svaḥ ← sva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• sakhā ← sakhi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• dudhuvīta ← dhū
• [verb], singular, Perfect optative
• “shake; remove; chase away.”

• parvataḥ ← parvata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

• sughnāya ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sughnāya ← ghnāya ← ghna
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “fight; killing.”

• dasyum ← dasyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “savage; outcast; mugger.”

• parvataḥ ← parvata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

हे इन्द्र अन्यव्रतं व्यतिरिक्तकर्माणम् अत एव अमानुषं मानुषाणामिन्द्रयाजिनामप्रियम् अयज्वानम् अयष्टारम् अदेवयुम् अदेवकर्मिणं पापिनं स्वः स्वर्गात् अव दुधुवीत । अवचालयेदित्यर्थः । कः । सखा पर्वतः तव सखिभूतः पर्वत ऋषिः । यद्यप्यन्यं देवमिष्ट्वा स्वर्गं प्राप्नोति सः तथापि पातयति ऋषिः । न केवलं धूननमात्रमपि तु सुघ्नाय सुष्ठु हन्त्रे मृत्यवे दस्युम् उक्तलक्षणं पर्वतः प्रेरयतीति शेषः । अत इन्द्रमेवावश्यं यजध्वमिति शेषः ॥

English translation:

“May your friend, Parvata, hurl down from heaven him who follows other rites, the enemy of men, himwho offers no sacrifice and who worships not the gods; may Parvata hurl the Dasyu down to the storm smiter(death).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Parvata: (RV 1.122.3): Parjanya; (RV 7.37.8): a god, a friend of INdra; here, he is a ṛṣi, a friend of Indra,tava sakhi bhūtaḥ Parvata ṛṣiḥ; enemy of men: amānuṣam = the enemy of the men who sacrifice to Indra

The man who follows other commandments, who is no son of Manu, no sacrificer, no devotee of the gods—
him should your own comrade, the mountain [=mace?], send tumbling down; the mountain (should send down) the Dasyu for easy smiting.

Geldner takes the sváḥ sákhā to refer to the enemy’s comrade, but given the dual dvandva voc. índrāparvatā (3x) “o Indra and Mountain,” it seems more likely to be Indra’s. In those passages I take “mountain” as a designation of Indra’s mace.

The man who brings no sacrifice, inhuman, godless, infidel,
Him let his friend the mountain cast to rapid death, the mountain cast the Dasyu down.

Ihn, der andere Gebote befolgt, den Unmenschen, der nicht opfert, den Gottlosen, soll sein Freund Berg abschütteln, der Berg den Dasyu, daß er leicht zu erschlagen sei.

Wer Götzen dient, unmenschlich ist, wer Opfer nicht noch Götter liebt, Den stürz’ herab der eigne Fels auf den er traut, den Feind zu schnellem Tod der Fels.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• बृहती
• मध्यमः

पुनः उस अर्थ को कहते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! (वः) आप सब मिल कर (महः) तेजःस्वरूप (महाय्यम्) परमपूज्य और (दानाय) जीवों को कर्मानुसार फल देने के लिये सर्वत्र (सक्षणिम्) विद्यमान (तम्+इन्द्रम्) उस परमात्मा को गाओ और पूजो (गाधेषु) गाध और अगाध जल में और (यः) जो (आरणेषु) स्थलों में (हव्यः) स्तवनीय और प्रार्थनीय होता है और जो (वाजेषु) वीरों के वीर कर्मों में (हव्यः+अस्ति) प्रार्थनीय होता है, जिसको लोग सर्वत्र बुलाते हैं, वह परम पूज्य है ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! वह ईश्वर जीवों को प्रतिक्षण दान दे रहा है। सुख, दुःख, सम्पत्ति, विपत्ति, नदी, समुद्र, अरण्य, जल और स्थल सर्वत्र और सब काल में उसकी उपासना करो ॥८॥

पुनस्तमर्थमाह।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्याः ! वः यूयम्। प्रथमार्थे द्वितीया। महः=तेजःस्वरूपम्। महाय्यं=परमपूज्यम्। दानाय=जीवेभ्यः कर्मानुसारेण फलदातुम्। सर्वत्र। सक्षणिम्=विद्यमानं तमिन्द्रं गायत। यश्चेन्द्रः। गाधेषु=जलेषु। यः। आरणेषु=स्थलेषु च। हव्यः=स्तुत्यः। यश्च। वाजेषु=वीराणां वीरकार्य्येषु। हव्योऽस्ति ॥८॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - बृहती

तुवं᳓ न इन्द्र आसां᳐
ह᳓स्ते शविष्ठ दाव᳓ने
धाना᳓नां᳐ न᳓ सं᳓ गृभाय अस्मयु᳓र्
द्विः᳓ सं᳓ गृभाय अस्मयुः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
āsām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

dāváne ← √dā- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

háste ← hásta- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śaviṣṭha ← śáviṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

asmayúḥ ← asmayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dhānā́nām ← dhānā́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

gr̥bhāya ← √gr̥bhⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sám ← sám (invariable)

asmayúḥ ← asmayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dvís ← dvís (invariable)

gr̥bhāya ← √gr̥bhⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sám ← sám (invariable)

त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । आ॒सा॒म् । हस्ते॑ । श॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ । दा॒वने॑ ।
धा॒नाना॑म् । न । सम् । गृ॒भा॒य॒ । अ॒स्म॒ऽयुः । द्विः । सम् । गृ॒भा॒य॒ । अ॒स्म॒ऽयुः ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• na ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• indrāsāṃ ← indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• indrāsāṃ ← āsām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• haste ← hasta
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “hand; hand; proboscis; hasta [word]; autograph.”

• śaviṣṭha
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “mighty.”

• dāvane ← dā
• [verb noun]
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• dhānānāṃ ← dhānānām ← dhānā
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “Dhānā; Coriander; corn; grain.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• gṛbhāyāsmayur ← gṛbhāya ← gṛbhāy ← √grah
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “accept.”

• gṛbhāyāsmayur ← asmayuḥ ← asmayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• dviḥ ← dvis
• [adverb]
• “twice; dvis [word].”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• gṛbhāyāsmayuḥ ← gṛbhāya ← gṛbhāy ← √grah
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “accept.”

• gṛbhāyāsmayuḥ ← asmayuḥ ← asmayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

हे शविष्ठ बलवन् इन्द्र त्वं नः अस्मभ्यं दावने प्रदानाय आसां गवाम् । कर्मणि षष्ठी । एता गाः हस्ते गृभाय गृहाण । ग्रहणे दृष्टान्तः । धानानां न । धाना भृष्टयवाः । अत्रापि कर्मणि षष्ठी । धाना यथा संगृह्णाति तद्वद्गृहाण । कीदृशस्त्वम् । अस्मयुः अस्मान् कामयमानः । गृहीत्वा च अस्मयुः सन् द्विः सं गृभाय । पुनर्द्विवारं संगृहाण ॥

English translation:

“Most powerful Indra, in your favour towards us, take these cows in your hand, as fried grain, to give tous; yes, take them twice in your favour towards us.”

O strongest Indra, grab a handful of these (cows), o most capacious one, to give to us,
like a handful of roasted grains, being disposed toward us. Grab two, being disposed toward us.

Indra’s generous handful of cows in this final verse before the sarcastic dānastuti implicitly contrasts with the stinginess of Śara, who gives only one calf (vs. 15).

O Mightiest Indra, loving us, gather thou up, as grains of corn,
Within thine hand, of these their kine, to give away, yea, gather twice as loving us.

Von diesen Kühen nimm, Indra, als wären es Körner, die Hand voll uns zuliebe, um uns zu schenken, du Mächtigster, doppelt nimm uns zuliebe!

O Indra, nimm in deine Hand wie Gerstenkörner Schätze doch, Sie uns zu geben, o du stärkster, holdgesinnt, zweimal erfasse sie uns hold.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• आर्चीबृहती
• मध्यमः

पुनः उस अर्थ को कहते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वसो) हे सर्वजीवों को वासप्रद तथा सर्वत्र निवासिन् देव ! (नः+सु+उ) हम लोगों को अच्छे प्रकार (महे+राधसे) महती सम्पत्ति के लिये (उन्मृशस्व) ऊपर उठा। (मघवन्) हे सर्वधनसम्पन्न (मह्यै+मघत्तये) महा धन के लिये हमको (सु+उ) अच्छे प्रकार (उन्मृशस्व) ऊपर उठा। (इन्द्र) हे इन्द्र ! (महे+श्रवसे) प्रशंसनीय प्रसिद्धि के लिये हमको (उत्) ऊपर उठा ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस ऋचा में महासम्पत्ति महाधन और महाकीर्ति के लिये ईश्वर से प्रार्थना है। निःसन्देह जो तन मन से ईश्वर के निकट प्राप्त होते हैं, उनका मनोरथ अवश्य सिद्ध होता है, उसमें विश्वास कर उसकी आज्ञा पर चलो ॥९॥

पुनस्तमर्थमाह।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे वसो=हे सर्वजीवेभ्यो वासप्रद तथा सर्वत्र निवासिन् ! हे शूर=महाशक्ते ! नोऽस्मान्। सु=सुष्ठु। उ=निश्चयेन। महे=महते उत्तमाय। राधसे=सम्पत्त्यै। उन्मृशस्व=उत्थापय। हे मघवन् ! मह्यै=महते। मघत्तये=धनदानाय। उन्मृशस्व। हे इन्द्र ! महे=महते। श्रवसे=कीर्त्तये। उन्मृशस्व ॥९॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

स᳓खायः क्र᳓तुम् इछत
कथा᳓ राधाम शर᳓स्य
उ᳓पस्तुतिम् भोजः᳓ सूरि᳓र् यो᳓ अ᳓ह्रयः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; line affected by realignment
genre M;; line affected by realignment

Morph
ichata ← √iṣ- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

krátum ← krátu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhāyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

kathā́ ← kathā́ (invariable)

rādhāma ← √rādh- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

śarásya ← śará- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

úpastutim ← úpastuti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

áhrayaḥ ← áhraya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bhojáḥ ← bhojá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sūríḥ ← sūrí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

सखा॑यः । क्रतु॑म् । इ॒च्छ॒त॒ । क॒था । रा॒धा॒म॒ । श॒रस्य॑ ।
उप॑ऽस्तुतिम् । भो॒जः । सू॒रिः । यः । अह्र॑यः ॥

• sakhāyaḥ ← sakhi
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• kratum ← kratu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

• icchata ← iṣ
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

• kathā
• [adverb]
• “how.”

• rādhāma ← rādh
• [verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.
• “thrive; boom; succeed.”

• śarasya ← śara
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “arrow; five; reed; śara [word]; munj; Śara; Śara.”

• upastutim ← upastuti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “praise; applause.”

• bhojaḥ ← bhoja
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “big; hospitable.”

• sūrir ← sūriḥ ← sūri
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “patron.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ahrayaḥ ← ahraya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

हे सखायः ऋत्विजोऽध्वर्य्वादयः क्रतुं कर्म इन्द्रसंबन्धिनम् इच्छत कर्तुम् । हे सखायः शरस्य । ‘शॄ हिंसायाम्’ । हिंसकस्येन्द्रस्य कथा कथं राधाम साधयाम । किम् । उपस्तुतिं स्तोत्रम् । यः इन्द्रः भोजः शत्रूणां भोजयिता सूरिः प्रेरकः अह्रयः अनवनतः शत्रूणामिति ॥

English translation:

“Associated priests, give good heed to the sacrifice, for how can we (worthily) perform the praise of(Indra) the destroyer, who is the recompenser of enemies, the sender of reward, the unvanquished?”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Therecompenser: bhojaḥ = śatrūṇām bhojayitā; (RV 8.3.24): the despoiler of enemies; (RV 2.14.10): phalasyadātāram rakṣitāram ca

O comrades, find the resolve: how shall we bring to success our
invocatory praise of Śara,
who is a benefactor, a patron without restraint?

O my companions, wish for power. How may we perfect Sara’s praise,
The liberal princely patron, never to be harmed?

Ihr Freunde, suchet einen klugen Gedanken! Wie können wir das Lob des Sara treffen, der ein gastfreier nobler Herr ist, dessen man sich nicht zu schämen braucht?

O Freunde, erstrebt Begeisterung: Wie vollenden wir das Lob des Çara, welcher ein freigiebiger, reichlich schenkender Herr ist?

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• उष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे इन्द्र ! जिस कारण (त्वम्) तू (ऋतयुः) सत्यप्रिय और सत्यकामी है, अतः (त्वानिदः) नास्तिक, चोर, डाकू आदि दुष्ट की अपेक्षा (नः+नि+तृम्पसि) हमको अतिशय तृप्त करता है। (तुविनृम्ण) हे समस्त धनशाली इन्द्र ! (ऊर्वोः) द्युलोक और पृथिवीलोक के (मध्ये) मध्य हम लोगों को सुख से (वसिष्व) बसा और (दासम्) दुष्ट को (हथैः) हननास्त्र से (नि+शिश्नथः) हनन कर ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस कारण ईश्वर सत्यप्रिय है, अतः असत्यवादी और उपद्रवियों को दण्ड देता है और सत्यवादियों को दान। अतः हे मनुष्यों ! सत्यप्रिय बनो ॥१०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! यतस्त्वम्। ऋतयुः=सत्यकामोऽसि। अतः। त्वानिदः=तव निन्दकात् पुरुषात् सकाशात्। नोऽस्मान्। नि=नितराम्। तृम्पसि=तर्पयसि। स्वनिन्दकान् विनाशयसि अस्मांस्तु पालयसीत्यर्थः। हे तुविनृम्ण=बहुधन ! ऊर्वोः=द्यावापृथिवीरूपयोः जङ्घयोः मध्ये अस्मान्। वसिष्व=सुखेन वासय। दासञ्च। हथैः=हननास्त्रैः। नि+शिश्नथः=दूरी कुरु ॥१०॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

भू᳓रिभिः समह ऋ᳓षिभिर्
बर्हि᳓ष्मद्भि स्तविष्यसे
य᳓द् इत्थ᳓म् ए᳓कम्-एकम् इ᳓च्
छ᳓र वत्सा᳓न् पराद᳓दः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
bhū́ribhiḥ ← bhū́ri- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ŕ̥ṣibhiḥ ← ŕ̥ṣi- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

samaha ← samaha (invariable)

barhíṣmadbhiḥ ← barhíṣmant- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

staviṣyase ← √stu- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:FUT, voice:MED}

ékam-ekam ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

itthám ← itthám (invariable)

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

parādádaḥ ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śára ← śará- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vatsā́n ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

भूरि॑ऽभिः । स॒म॒ह॒ । ऋषि॑ऽभिः । ब॒र्हिष्म॑त्ऽभिः । स्त॒वि॒ष्य॒से॒ ।
यत् । इ॒त्थम् । एक॑म्ऽएकम् । इत् । शर॑ । व॒त्सान् । प॒रा॒ऽददः॑ ॥

• bhūribhiḥ ← bhūri
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “much; many; much(a); abundant; rich; mighty; distinguished.”

• samaha
• [adverb]
• “verily; somewhere; somehow.”

• ṛṣibhir ← ṛṣibhiḥ ← ṛṣi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Ṛṣi; spiritual teacher; ascetic; Mantra.”

• barhiṣmadbhi ← barhiṣmadbhiḥ ← barhiṣmat
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• staviṣyase ← stu
• [verb], singular, Future
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• ittham
• [adverb]
• “thus; therefore.”

• ekam ← eka
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• ekam ← eka
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• icchara ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• icchara ← śara
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “arrow; five; reed; śara [word]; munj; Śara; Śara.”

• vatsān ← vatsa
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• parādadaḥ ← parādā ← √dā
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

हे इन्द्र समह समानपूज। सर्वैः पूज्येत्यर्थः। भूरिभिः बहुभिः ऋषिभिः अतीन्द्रियज्ञैर्ऋत्विग्भिः बर्हिष्मद्भिः यागवद्भिः स्तविष्यसे स्तूयसे। यत् य इन्द्रः इत्थमेकमेकमित् एकमेकमेव वत्समित्येवं बहून् वत्सान् स्तोतृभ्यः पराददः प्रयच्छसि। हे शर हिंसक शत्रोः । अत्र वत्सशब्दो वत्समातॄणां गवामुपलक्षकः । गाः प्रयच्छसीति ॥

English translation:

“Indra, the common object of our worship, you are praised by many sacrificing Ṛṣis; for it is you,destroyer of foes, who thus give calves in succession to your worshippers.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

In succession: ekam ekam = one byone, i.e., many;

Calves = calves and cow

Will you be praised in any way by many seers provided with ritual grass, Śara, if you will hand over your calves in just this way, one by one?

By many a sage whose grass is trimmed thou art continually praised,
That thou, O Sara, hast bestowed here one and here another’calf.

Von vielen opfernden Rishi´s wirst du jedenfalls gepriesen werden, wenn du, Sara, also die Kälber, jedesmal eines, verschwendest.

Von vielen Sängern, die mit Streu versehn sind, wirst du vielfach gepriesen werden, weil du, o Çara, einen nach dem andern mit Kälbern beschenktest.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• भुरिगनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (सखा) जो जगत् का हितेच्छु (पर्वतः) दण्डधारी न्यायी राजा है, वह उस पुरुष को (स्वः) समस्त सुखों से (अव+दुधुवीत) दूर फेंक दे। केवल उसको दूर ही न करे, किन्तु (दस्युम्) उस दुष्ट मनुष्यविनाशक को (सुघ्नाय) मृत्यु के मुख में (पर्वतः) न्यायी राजा फेंक दे, जो (अन्यव्रतम्) परमात्मा को छोड़ किसी नर देवता की उपासना पूजादि करता हो, (अमानुषम्) मनुष्य से भिन्न राक्षसादिवत् जिसकी चेष्टा हो, (अयज्वानम्) जो शुभकर्म यज्ञादिकों से हरण कर्ता हो, (अदेवयुम्) जिसका स्वभाव महादुष्ट और जगद्धानिकारक हो, ऐसे समाजहानिकारी दुष्टों को राजा सदा दण्ड दिया करे ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - लोगों को उचित है कि वे केवल ईश्वर की उपासना करें। समाजों में, देशों में या ग्रामों में राक्षसी काम न करें। स्त्रीलम्पटता, बालहत्यादि पातक में प्रवृत्त न हों। राजा अपने प्रबन्ध से समाज को सुधारा करे ॥११॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! अन्यव्रतम्=अन्यजडादुपासकम्। अमानुषम्=अमानुषकर्माणम्। अयज्वानम्। अदेवयुमदेवकर्माणम्। पुरुषम्। सखा। पर्वतः=पर्ववान् न्यायी राजा। सर्वस्मात् सुखात्। अव+दुधुवीत=दुस्तरं प्रक्षिपेत। तं दस्युम्। सुघ्नाय=मृत्यवे। पर्वतः। दधात् ॥११॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - पुरुहन्मा
• छन्दः - पुरउष्णिक्

कर्णगृ᳓ह्या मघ᳓वा शौरदेवियो᳓
वत्सं᳓ नस् त्रिभ्य᳓ आ᳓नयत्
अजां᳓ सूरि᳓र् न᳓ धा᳓तवे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
karṇagŕ̥hyā ← karṇagŕ̥hya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:CVB}

maghávā ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śauradevyáḥ ← śauradevyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

anayat ← √nī- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

tribhyáḥ ← trí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

vatsám ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ajā́m ← ajā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

dhā́tave ← √dhā- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sūríḥ ← sūrí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

क॒र्ण॒ऽगृह्य॑ । म॒घऽवा॑ । शौ॒र॒ऽदे॒व्यः । व॒त्सम् । नः॒ । त्रि॒ऽभ्यः । आ । अ॒न॒य॒त् ।
अ॒जाम् । सू॒रिः । न । धात॑वे ॥

• karṇagṛhyā ← karṇa
• [noun], masculine
• “ear; Karṇa; karṇa [word]; auricle; fluke; diameter; lobule.”

• karṇagṛhyā ← gṛhya ← grah
• [verb noun]
• “take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”

• maghavā ← maghavan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “big.”

• śauradevyo ← śauradevyaḥ ← śauradevya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• vatsaṃ ← vatsam ← vatsa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• nas ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• tribhya ← tribhyaḥ ← tri
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• ānayat ← ānī ← √nī
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “bring; pull; take; collect; give; return; withdraw; extract.”

• ajāṃ ← ajām ← ajā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “nanny; ajā [word].”

• sūrir ← sūriḥ ← sūri
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “patron.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dhātave ← dhā
• [verb noun]
• “breastfeed; suck.”

अयं मघवा इन्द्रः त्रिभ्यः हिंसकेभ्यः सकाशात् शौरदेव्यः । दीव्यन्ति क्रीडन्त इति देवा योद्धारः। शूराश्च ते देवाश्च शूरदेवाः । तेषां हितं शौरदेवं युद्धम्। तत्संबन्धिन्यो गाः। युद्धे शत्रून् हत्वा तत्संबन्धिन्य इत्यर्थः । ताः वत्सं न । नेति चार्थे। वत्ससहिता अस्मभ्यं कर्णगृह्य कर्णे गृहीत्वा आनयत् आनयतु । सूरिर्न प्रेरकः स्वामीव धातवे पानाय अजां यथा स आनयति कर्णे गृहीत्वा तद्वदिति ॥ ॥ १० ॥

English translation:

“May Maghavan, taking them by the ears, lead the cows with their calves from our three (destructiveenemies), as the owner leads a goat to drink.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Vatsam naḥ = vatsam naḥ, vatsa sahitaḥ;

Sauradevaḥ = cow, i.e.connected with or won in battle (sauradevam)

The bounteous son of Śūradeva, having grabbed hold of its ear, led a calf here to us three,
a patron (leading) a nanny-goat to give suck (to three kids).

See comment on 12. The thematic connection between the verses is underscored by the presence of the verb ‘grab’ in each, but note that vs. 15, part of the hymn proper, has the older form √grabh (sáṃ gṛbhāya), while the dānastuti, belonging to a more popular level of language, has the younger √grah (-gṛ́hya).

The noble, Suradeva’s son, hath brought a calf, led by the car to three of us.
As a chief brings a goat to milk.

Der freigebige Sohn des Suradeva führte uns dreien ein Kalb zu, an den Ohren es packend, wie eine Geiß den drei Zicklein, um daran zu saugen, der noble Herr.

Bei den Ohren es ergreifend, führte uns dreien der Spross des Çuradeva, der reiche, je ein Kalb zu, wie ein Opferherr die Ziege, damit sie Milch gebe.

• इन्द्र:
• पुरुहन्मा
• निचृदुष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमैश्वर्य्यशाली (शविष्ठ) हे महा महाशक्तिधारी देव ! (अस्मयुः) हम लोगों के ऊपर प्रेम करता हुआ (त्वम्) तू (नः) हमको (दावने) देने के लिये (आसाम्) इन गौ, भूमि, हिरण्य आदि सम्पत्तियों को (हस्ते+संगृभाय) अपने हाथ में ले लो, (धानानाम्+न) जैसे चर्वण करनेवाला हाथ में धाना लेता है, तद्वत्। हे भगवन् (अस्मयुः) हम लोगों को कृपादृष्टि से देखता और चाहता हुआ तू (द्विः) वारंवार (संगृभाय) उन सम्पत्तियों को हाथ में ले और यथाकर्म हम लोगों में बाँट दे ॥१२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यह प्रेममय प्रार्थना है, जैसे बालक अपने पिता माता से खानपान के लिये याचना करता रहता है, तद्वत् सबका समान पिता उस जगदीश से हम अपनी आवश्यकताएँ माँगें ॥१२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! हे शविष्ठ ! त्वमस्मयुः=अस्मान् प्रेम्णा पश्यन् सन्। नः=अस्मभ्यम्। दावने=दानाय। आसाम्=इमा गाः अत्र कर्मणि षष्ठी। धानानां न=धानान् भ्रष्टयवानिव हस्ते। सं+गृभाय=संगृहाण। हे भगवन् ! अस्मयुः=अस्मान्= प्रीणयन्। द्विर्द्विवारं पुनः पुनः। संगृभाय=संगृहाण ॥१२॥