०६९

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

प्र᳓-प्र वस् त्रिष्टु᳓भम् इ᳓षम्
मन्द᳓द्वीराय इ᳓न्दवे
धिया᳓ वो मेध᳓सातये
पु᳓रंधिया᳓ विवासति

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

prá-pra ← prá (invariable)

triṣṭúbham ← triṣṭúbh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

índave ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

mandádvīrāya ← mandádvīra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

medhásātaye ← medhásāti- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

púraṁdhyā ← púraṁdhi- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

vivāsati ← √vanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

प्रऽप्र॑ । वः॒ । त्रि॒ऽस्तुभ॑म् । इष॑म् । म॒न्दत्ऽवी॑राय । इन्द॑वे ।
धि॒या । वः॒ । मे॒धऽसा॑तये । पुर॑म्ऽध्या । आ । वि॒वा॒स॒ति॒ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• vas ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• triṣṭubham ← triṣṭubh
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “Triṣṭubh.”

• iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• mandadvīrāyendave ← mandat ← mand
• [verb noun]
• “rejoice; exhilarate.”

• mandadvīrāyendave ← vīrāya ← vīra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• mandadvīrāyendave ← indave ← indu
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

• dhiyā ← dhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “you.”

• medhasātaye ← medha
• [noun], masculine
• “yajña; juice.”

• medhasātaye ← sātaye ← sāti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• purandhyā ← puraṃdhi
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “liberality; Puraṃdhi; munificence.”

• vivāsati ← vivās ← √van
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “invite; endeavor; try for.”

हे अध्वर्य्वादयः वः यूयम् । प्रथमार्थे द्वितीया । त्रिष्टुभं स्तोभत्रयोपेतम् इषम् अन्नं प्रप्र । अपरः प्रशब्दः पूरणः । प्रभरतेति शेषः । उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः । कस्मै । मन्दद्वीराय । यो वीरान हर्षयति स मन्दद्वीरः । तस्मै इन्दवे इन्द्राय । इन्दतेरैश्वर्यकर्मणः इदं रूपम् । अथवा फलैर्वृष्टिभिर्वोनत्तीतीन्दुरिन्द्रः । तस्मै । स चेन्द्रः वः युष्मान मेधसातये यज्ञसंभजनाय पुरंध्या बहुप्रज्ञया धिया कर्मणा आ विवासति । अभिमतफलयोजनेन सत्करोतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Present your sacrificial food with a three-fold song of praise to Indu, gladdener of heroes; he will blessyou in your religious rites to the accompaniment of your sacrifice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Purandhyā = bauprajñayā; (RV 7.97.9):bahvīr stuthi;

Indu = indra, he who rules (ind) or besprinkles (und) with rain;

Triṣṭubham = a song of praisegenerally

Forth, (chant) forth your triṣṭubh refreshment to the drop that
invigorates heroes.
With your visionary thought and with plenitude it is seeking to win, in order to gain wisdom.

It is necessary to supply a verb for ab; Geldner “Traget” but I supply “chant” on the basis of the beginning of the second tṛca, 4ab abhí prá … arca, and the insistent repetition in vs. 8: árcata prā́rcata, … árcata# / árcantu … arcata#. Pāda a is essentially identical to VIII.7.1a prá yád vas triṣṭúbham íṣam, where the verb governing the acc. is ákṣarat ‘has let flow’ (pāda b), which is not possible here. The “Triṣṭubh refreshment” is obviously the praise hymn; interestingly neither this passage nor VIII.7 is in Triṣṭubh meter.

The second hemistich is somewhat obscure, in part because, as Geldner points out, it is not clear who the subject is. Perhaps the “Triṣṭubh refreshment” (that is, the praise), or the drop (that is, the soma) to which it is chanted, or the poet. (I favor the praise hymn.) The pair dhī́- and púraṃdhī- appears elsewhere together (VIII.92.15, X.65.13-14). Geldner takes them here as names of the goddesses of religious poetry and of the dakṣinā respectively. In VIII.92.15 I take them as qualities that Indra confers on us, but here at least the dhī́- is probably that of the poet(s). Perhaps they are a reciprocal, rather than parallel, pair: we receive plenty in exchange for insight (as in V.41.6). The interpretation is further complicated by the fact that ā́vivāsaeverywhere else takes an accusative, often in conjunction with an instr. of means: “seek to attract X with Y” (e.g., VIII.15.1 índraṃ gīrbhís taviṣám ā́vivāsata), but there is no accusative immediately available. (Though vaḥ could technically be an accusative, that interpretation seems unlikely here.) However, this is of course an Indra hymn, and in thinking about this verse again, I have concluded that Indra should be supplied here as the default object, and therefore for the published translation I would substitute “With your visionary thought and with plenitude it [=hymn] is seeking to entice (Indra) here, in order to gain wisdom.” Cf. VIII.3.18 imé hí te kārávo vāvaśúr dhiyā́, víprāso medhásātaye “For these bards, inspired poets, have bellowed for you [=Indra] for the winning of wisdom with their insight,” with both dhiyā́and medhásātaye in a similar context, where poets seek Indra.

I SEND you forth the song of praise for Indu, hero-gladdener.
With hymn and plenty he invites you to complete the sacrifice.

Traget zum Safte, der die Männer ergötzet, euren Tristubh-Ohrenschmaus vor! Zusammen mit der Dhi, mit der Purandhi wünscht er euch die Meisterschaft zu gewinnen.

Auf, auf, bringt euren Sang und Trank dem helderfreunden Indu dar; Denn er erfreut durch Weisheit euch und Gaben für das Opferfest.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• विराडनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - पुनः उसी अर्थ को कहते हैं−(आतिथिग्वे) इस शरीर में नयन आदि (षड्) छः घोड़ों को (सचा+सनम्) साथ ही मैं प्राप्त करता हूँ। इसी प्रकार (इन्द्रोते) ईश्वरव्याप्त शरीर में (वधूमतः) बुद्धिरूप नारी सहित और (पूतक्रतौ) शुद्धकर्म शरीर में इन्द्रियगण प्राप्त हैं ॥१७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वारंवार इसलिये इस प्रकार का वर्णन आता है कि उपासक अपने इन्द्रियगणों को वश में करके इनसे पवित्र काम लेवे ॥१७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - पुनस्तमर्थमाह−आतिथिग्वे। षड्+अश्वान्=इन्द्रियरूपान्। सचा=सह। सनम्। प्राप्तवानस्मि। इन्द्रोते। वधूमतः=बुद्धिमतः। पूतक्रतौ=शुद्धकर्म्मणि ॥१७॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - उष्णिक्

नदं᳓ व ओ᳓दतीनां᳐
नदं᳓ यो᳓युवतीना᳐म्
प᳓तिं वो अ᳓घ्नियानां᳐
धेनूना᳐᳓म् इषुध्यसि

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
nadám ← nadá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ódatīnām ← ódatī- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

nadám ← nadá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yóyuvatīnām ← √yu- 2 (root)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ághnyānām ← ághnya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

pátim ← páti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

dhenūnā́m ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

iṣudhyasi ← √iṣudhy- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

न॒दम् । वः॒ । ओद॑तीनाम् । न॒दम् । योयु॑वतीनाम् ।
पति॑म् । वः॒ । अघ्न्या॑नाम् । धे॒नू॒नाम् । इ॒षु॒ध्य॒सि॒ ॥

• nadaṃ ← nadam ← nada
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “river; nad; roarer; stallion.”

• va ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• odatīnāṃ ← odatīnām ← odatī
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine

• nadaṃ ← nadam ← nada
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “river; nad; roarer; stallion.”

• yoyuvatīnām ← yoyu ← √yu
• [verb noun], genitive, plural

• patiṃ ← patim ← pati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• aghnyānāṃ ← aghnyānām ← aghnyā
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “cow.”

• dhenūnām ← dhenu
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

• iṣudhyasi ← iṣudhy
• [verb], singular, Present indikative

ओदतीनाम् । ओदत्य उषसः ‘ ओदती भास्वती’ इति तन्नामसु पाठात् । तासां नदम् । उत्पादकमित्यर्थः । इन्द्रेण ह्युषस उत्पद्यन्त इन्द्रस्यैव सूर्यत्वात् । ’ विवस्वदिन्द्र सुग्म्य’ इति द्वादशादित्यमध्य इन्द्रः पठितः । तादृशमिन्द्रं हे यजमानाः वः युष्मदर्थम् । आह्वयतेत्यर्थः । तथा योयुवतीनां सर्वत्र मिश्रयन्तीनां नदीनां नदं’ शब्दयितारं वः युष्मदर्थमाह्वयामि । अघ्न्यानाम् अहन्तव्यानां गवां पतिम् आह्वये । अथ प्रत्यक्षकृता । हे यजमान त्वं धेनूनां क्षीरादिना प्रीणयित्रीणां गवाम् इषुध्यसि अन्नमिच्छसि ॥

English translation:

“(Invoke) for yourselves the author of the dawns, (I invoke) for you the roarer of the rivers; (I invoke) foryou the lord of the inviolable ones; (O sacrificer), you desire kine.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Author of the dawns: anda = utpādaka; Indrais called he author of the dawns as being identified with the sun, as one of the twelve Ādityas; inviolable ones:aghnyānām = cows

You take aim at the roaring bull among your moist [=willing] females and at the roaring bull among the females who keep hanging back,
at the lord of your prized milk-cows.

Another verse with unclear reference: neither the 2nd singular subject of iṣudhyasi nor the bull and cows are clearly identified, and it is complicated by the fact that there are also two occurrences of 2nd plural vaḥ in the verse. I take the subject to be the same as that of ā́vivāsati in 1d, namely the praise hymn, with the common switch of persons. That the praise hymn is in reality inanimate is not in RVic discourse an obstacle to addressing it. The 2nd pl. vaḥ is then the same group of poets / ritual officiants as in 1a and 1c. As for the bull (nadá-, a and b) and the páti- (c), I agree with Geldner (n. 2) that it can be either Indra or soma. In the latter case, the referent is then the same as the índu- ‘drop’ that was the target of the hymn in 1ab; in the latter, the same as the unexpressed object of ā́vivāsati in 1cd. The cows are easier to account for if soma is the referent: they would then be the mixing milk as so often. If the bull is Indra, the cows may be the cows he brings us as largesse or praise hymns conceived of as cows (many words for hymn are feminine), and the sexual tinge of ab would be a nod to Indra’s hypersexuality. Probably both referents are meant.

On iṣudhyasi see comm. ad I.128.6 and my forthcoming article “Vedic iṣudhyá- and Oldenberg Avestan išud-, išūidiia-: The Aim of Praise.” Since I analyze

*iṣudh- as a root noun cmpd ‘aim an arrow’, a metaphor for aiming praise towards a divine target, the nadám … pátim must refer to the god receiving praise. Indra or Soma are both possible, of course.

Thou wishest for thy kine a bull, for those who long for his approach,
For those who turn away from him, lord of thy cows whom none may kill.

Auf den Bullen eurer läufigen Kühe, auf den Bullen eurer abweisenden Kühe, auf den Gatten eurer Milchkühe erhebst du Anspruch.

Auf euren Stier der quellenden, den Stier der sich vermischenden, Auf euren Herrn der milchenden, der Kühe zielst du opfernd hin.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृदुष्णिक्
• ऋषभः

बुद्धि का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (एषु+ऋज्रेषु) इन सरलगामी इन्द्रियों में (अन्तः) मध्य एक (कशावती) विवेकवती बुद्धिरूपा नारी (आचेतत्) सबको चिताती और शासन करती है, जो (वृषण्वती) सुख की वर्षा करनेवाली है और (स्वभीशुः) जिसके हाथ में अच्छा लगाम है ॥१८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इन इन्द्रियों के साथ अद्भुत शक्तिशालिनी जो विवेकवती बुद्धि है, उसको मनन आदि व्यापारों से सदा बढ़ाना और शुद्ध-शुद्ध रखना चाहिये, यह सम्पूर्ण जगत् इसी के वश में है ॥१८॥

बुद्धिं वर्णयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - एषु+ऋज्रेषु=ऋजुगामिषु। इन्द्रियाश्वेषु अन्तर्मध्ये। एका। कशावती=विवेकवती बुद्धिर्नारी। आचेतत्=आचेतयति ज्ञानशक्त्या शास्तीत्यर्थः। कीदृशी वृषण्वती=वर्षाकारिणी। पुनः। अरुषी=आरोचमाना=शोभमाना। पुनः। स्वभीशुः= सुप्रग्रहा ॥१८॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

ता᳓ अस्य सू᳓ददोहसः
सो᳓मं श्रीणन्ति पृ᳓श्नयः
ज᳓न्मन् देवा᳓नां᳐ वि᳓शस्
त्रिषु᳓ आ᳓ रोचने᳓ दिवः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

sū́dadohasaḥ ← sū́dadohas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

tā́ḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

pŕ̥śnayaḥ ← pŕ̥śni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

sómam ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śrīṇanti ← √śrī- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

devā́nām ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

jánman ← jánman- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

víśaḥ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

rocané ← rocaná- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

triṣú ← trí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

ताः । अ॒स्य॒ । सूद॑ऽदोहसः । सोम॑म् । श्री॒ण॒न्ति॒ । पृश्न॑यः ।
जन्म॑न् । दे॒वाना॑म् । विशः॑ । त्रि॒षु । आ । रो॒च॒ने । दि॒वः ॥

• tā ← tāḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• sūdadohasaḥ ← sūda
• [noun], masculine
• “cook; sūda [word]; sūd.”

• sūdadohasaḥ ← dohasaḥ ← dohas
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• somaṃ ← somam ← soma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• śrīṇanti ← śrī
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “cook; boil; heat; cook; mix.”

• pṛśnayaḥ ← pṛśni
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “Pṛśni; beam.”

• janman
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “birth; reincarnation; lineage; origin; race; metempsychosis; parentage; descent; appearance; age; birthplace; beginning; being.”

• devānāṃ ← devānām ← deva
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• viśas ← viśaḥ ← viś
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• triṣv ← triṣu ← tri
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• rocane ← rocana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “light; celestial sphere.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

ताः प्रसिद्धाः सूददोहसः । सूद इति कूपनाम । तत्सदृशदोहनाः पृश्नयः पृश्निवर्णा गावः अस्य इन्द्रस्य सोमं श्रीणन्ति मिश्रयन्त्याशिरेण । कदा । त्रिषु त्रिष्वपि सवनेषु । गावो विशेष्यन्ते । देवानां जन्मन् जन्मस्थाने । दिवीत्यर्थः । दिवः आदित्यस्य आ रोचने आरोचमाने । अनेन द्यौर्विशेष्यते । तस्मिन् स्थाने विशः निविशन्त्यः । यज्ञार्थोपयुक्तानां गवां द्युप्राप्तिः प्रसिद्धा ॥

English translation:

“These white kine, giving milk wells, mix the Soma for him at the three oblations, rising (in consequece tothe brilliant home of the sun, the birthplace of the gods).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

When the bright fertilizing rivers (or the white cows,pravṛddha) flow with full waters (or with distended udders), then take…; (RV 6.48.11): dhenum sṛjadhvamanapasphurām = release the cow unobstructed, anapabādhanīyām ; (RV 4.42.10): tam dhenum dhattamanapasphurantīm, grant us that cow (riches) uninured, anavahiṃsitām;

Alternaive: anapasphurantīm = notgoing to another, i.e., not running away;

Anapauraḥ = not struggling against being milked;

Apasphurām =bursting forth, i.e. when the white cows come without starting away, ten take the gushing Soma for Indra todrink

These dappled cows, which give the sweetening milk, prepare the soma for him [=Indra].
At its birth the clans of the gods are in the three luminous realms of heaven.

The first two pādas seem rather briskly to clear up the uncertainties of the previous verse, or give at least one reading thereof: soma, the cows that give the milk to mix with soma, and Indra (though not by name) are all present, and their relationships are clear.

The connection of the last half of the verse to what precedes is not clear, as Geldner also points out. The birth is likely to be that of soma, but why are we now concerned with “the clans of the gods”? I tentatively assume that the gods are awaiting their invitation to the soma-drinking in their usual abodes. Somewhat later in the hymn (11b) all the gods partake of the soma.

There is number discrepancy between pl. triṣú and sg. rocané, as also in the identical pāda in I.105.5b. On the basis of expressions like I.102.8 trī́ṇi rocanā́, V.69.1 trī́rocanā́, I.149.4 trī́rocanā́ni the two words must be construed together and a truncation of rocanéṣu must be assumed. I don’t quite know why, but Bloomfield (Rig-Veda Repetitions ad I.105.5) points out that rocané diváḥ is a frequent cadence, and it therefore may have imposed itself formulaically in this phrase. Also the alternation between trī́ and trī́ṇi and rocanā́and rocanā́ni in the formula may have made an alternative rocané to rocanéṣu seem acceptable. In fact loc. pl. rocanéṣu is only attested once.

The dappled kine who stream with milk prepare his draught of Soma juice:
Clans in the birth-place of the Gods, in the three luminous realms of heaven.

Diese scheckigen Kühe, die die Zutat zum Soma milchen, mischen seinen Soma. Bei seiner Geburt sind der Götter Clane in den drei Lichträumen des Himmels.

Die Kühe strömend süsse Milch, erwärmen seinen Opfertrank; In den drei Himmeln ist vereint der Götter Schar, wenn er entspringt.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• विराडनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वाजबन्धवः) हे विज्ञानरूप अन्न से परस्पर बद्ध बन्धुभूत इन्द्रिय पुरुषो ! (युष्मे) तुममें (निनित्सुः+चन) निन्दाभ्यासी (मर्त्यः+चन) जन भी (अवद्यम्) निन्दा या अपराध (न+अधि+दीधरत्) स्थापित नहीं करता ॥१९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यह शुद्ध इन्द्रियों का वर्णन है। जिनके इन्द्रिय शुद्ध और विज्ञानयुक्त हैं, वे धन्यवाद के पात्र हैं ॥१९॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे वाजबन्धवः=वाजेन विज्ञानान्नेन सुबद्धा बन्धुभूता इन्द्रियपुरुषाः। युष्मे=युष्मासु। निनित्सुः। चन=निन्दाभ्यासी अपि मर्त्यः। अवद्यं=निन्दां दोषञ्च। नाधि दीधरत्=अधिस्थापयति ॥१९॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - गायत्री

अभि᳓ प्र᳓ गो᳓पतिं गिरा᳓
इ᳓न्द्रम् अर्च य᳓था विदे᳓
सूनुं᳓ सत्य᳓स्य स᳓त्पतिम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)

girā́ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

gópatim ← gópati- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

arca ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vidé ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

yáthā ← yáthā (invariable)

sátpatim ← sátpati- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

satyásya ← satyá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sūnúm ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒भि । प्र । गोऽप॑तिम् । गि॒रा । इन्द्र॑म् । अ॒र्च॒ । यथा॑ । वि॒दे ।
सू॒नुम् । स॒त्यस्य॑ । सत्ऽप॑तिम् ॥

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• gopatiṃ ← go
• [noun], masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• gopatiṃ ← patim ← pati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

• girendram ← girā ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• girendram ← indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• arca ← arc
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

• yathā
• [adverb]
• “equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

• vide ← vid
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

• sūnuṃ ← sūnum ← sūnu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “son; offspring.”

• satyasya ← satya
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; oath; satya [word]; promise.”

• satpatim ← satpati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra.”

गोपतिं गवां स्वामिनम् इन्द्रम् अभि प्र अर्च । प्रकर्षेण पूजय स्तुत्या । यथा विदे स यथा स्वात्मानं स्तुतप्रकारं जानाति यथा वा यागं प्रति गन्तव्यमिति जानाति तथार्चेति । कीदृशमिन्द्रम् । सत्यस्य यज्ञस्य सत्यस्य वा सूनुं पुत्रम् । तत्रानुरक्तत्वात् सूनुरित्युपचर्यते । सत्पतिं सतां यजमानानां पालकम् ॥

English translation:

“Worship with your praise, as he himself knows– that lord of kine, Indra, the son of Satya, the protectorof the good.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Satya = truth, yajña

Chant forth with a song to the lord of cows, to Indra, in the way that is known,
to the son of the real, the master of settlements.

Although this verse belongs to a different tṛca, it seems to provide an alternative resolution to the puzzle of vs. 2, somewhat different from that given in 3ab. Here Indra is definitively identified as a gópati- ‘lord of cows’, paraphrasing 2cd pátim … ághnyānāṃ dhenūnā́m.

Geldner takes yáthā vidé as “wie er bekannt ist,” but this tag phrase regularly refers to the traditional way of producing poetry or performing ritual. See, e.g., I.132.2, VIII.13.14, IX.86.32.

satyásya sátpatim is probably a pseudo-pun, given that by many accounts (including ours) sát-pati- derives from sáts-pati-, with the first member a reduction of sádas- ‘seat, settlement’. See EWA s.v. If sát- belongs to √as (as some think), it is a real pun.

Praise, even as he is known, with song Indra the guardian of the kine,
The Son of Truth, Lord of the brave.

Besinge mit deiner Lobrede den Herrn der Kühe Indra, den Sohn der Wahrheit, den rechtmäßigen Herrn, wie er bekannt ist!

Auf, preis’ mit Lied den Rinderherrn, den Indra, wie es sich gebührt, Den starken Herrn, der Wahrheit Sohn.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पुनरपि इन्द्रवाच्य ईश्वर की प्रार्थना उपासना आदि प्रारम्भ करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! (वः) तुम सब ही मिल के (मन्दद्वीराय) धार्मिक पुरुषों को आनन्द देनेवाले (इन्दवे) और जगत् को विविध सुखों से सींचनेवाले परमात्मा के निमित्त (त्रिष्टुभम्+इषम्) स्तुतिमय अन्न (प्र+प्र) अच्छे प्रकार समर्पित करो, जो ईश्वर (धिया) शुभकर्म और (पुरन्ध्या) बहुत बुद्धि की प्राप्ति के हेतु (मेधसातये) यज्ञादि शुभकर्म करने के लिये (वः+विवासति) तुमको चाहता है ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मन्दद्वीर उसका नाम है, जो गरीबों और असमर्थों को अन्यायी पुरुषों से बचाता है और स्वयं ब्रह्मचर्य्यादि धर्म पालने और शारीरिक मानसिक शक्तियों को बढ़ाते हुए सदा देशहित कार्य्य में नियुक्त रहता है। परमात्मा ऐसे पुरुषों से प्रसन्न होता है। इससे यह शिक्षा मिलती है कि प्रत्येक नर-नारी को वीर वीरा बनना चाहिये ॥१॥

टिप्पणी: विवासति=यह क्रिया दिखलाती है कि ईश्वर अपने सन्तानों की चिन्ता में रहता है और वह चाहता है कि मेरे पुत्र शुभकर्मी हों। तब ही उनकी बुद्धि और क्रियात्मक शक्ति की वृद्धि होगी। मेध=जितने शुभकर्म हैं, वे सब ही छोटे बड़े यज्ञ ही हैं। स्वार्थ को त्याग परार्थ के लिये प्रयत्न करना यह महायज्ञ है। हे मनुष्यों ! मनुष्यसमाज बहुत बिगड़ा हुआ है। इसको ज्ञान-विज्ञान देकर धर्म में लगाकर सुधार करना एक महान् अध्वर है ॥१॥

पुनरपीन्द्रवाच्येश्वरार्थनोपासनादि प्रारभ्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्याः ! वो यूयम्=अत्र प्रथमार्थे द्वितीयेति वैदिकप्रयोगः। मन्दद्वीराय=यो वीरान् धर्मशूरान् मन्दयते हर्षयति स मन्दद्वीरः तस्मै। पुनः। इन्दवे=विविधसुखैर्यो जगदिदमुनत्ति सिञ्चति स इन्दुः परमात्मा तस्मै। त्रिष्टुभम्=स्तुतिमयम्। इषम्=अन्नम्। प्रप्र=प्रकर्षेण। प्रेरयत=समर्पयत। यः परमात्मा। वो युष्मान्। धिया=शुभकर्मणा। पुरन्ध्या=बहुबुद्ध्या हेतुना। मेधसातये=विद्वद्भिः सह संगतिकरणाय विविधयज्ञसम्पादनाय च। विवासति=कामयते ॥१॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ᳓ ह᳓रयः ससृज्रिरे
अ᳓रुषीर् अ᳓धि बर्हि᳓षि
य᳓त्राभि᳓ संन᳓वामहे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

hárayaḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sasr̥jrire ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

áruṣīḥ ← áruṣī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

barhíṣi ← barhís- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

saṁnávāmahe ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yátra ← yátra (invariable)

आ । हर॑यः । स॒सृ॒ज्रि॒रे॒ । अरु॑षीः । अधि॑ । ब॒र्हिषि॑ ।
यत्र॑ । अ॒भि । स॒म्ऽनवा॑महे ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• harayaḥ ← hari
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

• sasṛjrire ← sṛj
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• ‘ruṣīr ← aruṣīḥ ← aruṣa
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “red; red.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• barhiṣi ← barhis
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “Barhis; barhis [word].”

• yatrābhi ← yatra
• [adverb]
• “wherein; once [when].”

• yatrābhi ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• saṃnavāmahe ← saṃnū ← √nū
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

हरयः हरितवर्णा अश्वाः अरुषीः आरोचमानाः अधि बर्हिषि । अधीति सप्तम्यर्थानुवादी । बर्हिष्यास्तृते आ ससृज्रिरे आसृजन्तु । यत्र यस्मिन् बर्हिषि स्थितमिन्द्रम् अभि संनवामहे अभिसंस्तुमः ॥ ॥ ५ ॥

English translation:

“Let the brilliant bay (horses) drop him down on the cut grass, where we will hymn his praise.”

The tawny (soma-drops) have been let loose at the ruddy (cows) upon the ritual grass,
where we will bellow out together.

Hither his Bay Steeds have been sent, red Steeds are on the sacred grass,,
Where we in concert sing our songs.

Die Falben sind auf die roten Kühe auf dem Barhis losgelassen, wobei wir in das Gebrüll mit einstimmen.

Die goldigen ergossen sich, die Flammenrosse auf die Streu, Wo wir lobsingen allesammt.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! तुम उस ईश्वर को प्रसन्न करने के लिये इच्छा करो। जो देव (वः+ओदतीनाम्) तुम्हारी सम्पत्तियों का रक्षक है और (योयुवतीनाम्) परम सुन्दरी स्त्रियों का (नदम्) पालक है और जो (वः) तुम्हारी (अघ्न्यानाम्) अहन्तव्य (धेनूनाम्) दुग्धवती गौवों का (पतिम्) पति है, उस परमदेव की आज्ञा पर चलो ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस ऋचा में ओदती, योयुवती और धेनु ये तीनों स्त्रीलिङ्ग शब्द हैं। इससे दिखलाते हैं कि जैसे स्त्रीजाति का रक्षक ईश्वर है, वैसे ही प्रत्येक वीर पुरुष को उचित है कि वे स्त्रियों पर कभी अत्याचार न करें ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्याः ! यूयम्। तमीशम्। प्रसादयितुम्। इषुध्यसि=इच्छत कामयध्वम्। कीदृशम्। वः=युष्माकम्। ओदतीनाम्=सम्पत्तीनाम्। नदम्=रक्षितारम्। पुनः। वो युष्माकम्। योयुवतीनाम्=परमसुन्दरीणाञ्च। नदम्। पुनः। वो=युष्माकम्=अघ्न्यानां=अहन्तव्यानाम्। धेनूनाञ्च पतिम् ॥२॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ᳓न्द्राय गा᳓व आशि᳓रं
दुदुह्रे᳓ वज्रि᳓णे म᳓धु
य᳓त् सीम् उपह्वरे᳓ विद᳓त्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M

Morph
āśíram ← āśír- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

duduhré ← √duh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

mádhu ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

vajríṇe ← vajrín- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sīm ← sīm (invariable)

upahvaré ← upahvará- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vidát ← √vid- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

इन्द्रा॑य । गावः॑ । आ॒ऽशिर॑म् । दु॒दु॒ह्रे । व॒ज्रिणे॑ । मधु॑ ।
यत् । सी॒म् । उ॒प॒ऽह्व॒रे । वि॒दत् ॥

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• gāva ← gāvaḥ ← go
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• āśiraṃ ← āśiram ← āśir
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “mixture.”

• duduhre ← duh
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “milk.”

• vajriṇe ← vajrin
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”

• madhu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• sīm
• [adverb]

• upahvare ← upahvara
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “proximity.”

• vidat ← vid
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “find; detect; marry; get; think.”

इन्द्राय गावः आशिरम् आश्रयणसाधनं पयआदिकं मधु मदकरं दुदुहे दुहते । कीदृशाय । वज्रिणे वज्रयुक्तायेन्द्राय । यत् यदा उपह्वरे समीपे वर्तमानं मधु सोमरसं सीं सर्वतः विदत् लभते तदा ॥

English translation:

“The cows have milked the intoxicating draught for Indra, the thunderer, when he finds it near him.”

The cows have milked out the milk-mixture for Indra, the honey for the mace-bearer,
since he found them in the remote place.

Pāda c is presumably a reference to the Vala cave, as Geldner points out.

For Indra Thunder-armed the kine have yielded mingled milk and meath,
What time he found them in the vault.

Für Indra haben die Kühe die Milch gespendet, für den Keulenträger ihre Süßigkeit, da er sie im Schoße des Berges fand.

Die Kühe strömten süsse Milch dem Indra zu, dem blitzenden, Dass er sie find’ im Becher-Schooss.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अस्य) इस सर्वत्र प्रसिद्ध (दिवः) परमात्मदेव के (त्रिषु+आरोचने) तीनों प्रकाशमान पृथिव्यादि लोकों में जो (देवानाम्+जन्मन्) समस्त पदार्थों की जन्मकारण (विशः) प्रजाएँ हैं, (ताः) वे सब ही (पृश्नयः) गौवों के समान (सोमम्+श्रीणन्ति) मधुर-मधुर पदार्थ दे रही हैं। कैसी गाएँ (सूददोहसः) कूप के समान थनवाली ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जैसे गाएँ मधुर दूध देती हैं, वैसे ही सब पदार्थ मधुरता उत्पन्न कर रहे हैं। इसको देखिये और विचारिये ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - अस्य=सर्वत्र प्रसिद्धस्य। दिवः=प्रकाशमानस्येश्वरस्य। त्रिषु+आरोचने=आरोचनेषु=आरोचमानेषु पृथिव्यादि- स्थानेषु। देवानां=सकलपदार्थानाम्। जन्मन्=जन्मनि। याः कारणभूता विशः प्रजाः सन्ति। ताः+ सूददोहसः=कूपदोहनाः। पृश्नयः=गाव इव सोमं श्रीणन्ति। सूद इति कूपनाम ॥३॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

उ᳓द् य᳓द् ब्रध्न᳓स्य विष्ट᳓पं
गृह᳓म् इ᳓न्द्रश् च ग᳓न्वहि
म᳓ध्वः पीत्वा᳓ सचेवहि
त्रिः᳓ सप्त᳓ स᳓खियुः पदे᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
bradhnásya ← bradhná- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

út ← út (invariable)

viṣṭápam ← viṣṭápa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)

gánvahi ← √gam- (root)
{number:DU, person:1, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

gr̥hám ← gr̥há- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

pītvā́ ← √pā- 2 (root)

sacevahi ← √sac- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

padé ← padá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

sákhyuḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

trís ← trís (invariable)

उत् । यत् । ब्र॒ध्नस्य॑ । वि॒ष्टप॑म् । गृ॒हम् । इन्द्रः॑ । च॒ । गन्व॑हि ।
मध्वः॑ । पी॒त्वा । स॒चे॒व॒हि॒ । त्रिः । स॒प्त । सख्युः॑ । प॒दे ॥

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• bradhnasya ← bradhna
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; horse.”

• viṣṭapaṃ ← viṣṭapam ← viṣṭap
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• gṛham ← gṛha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “house; palace; temple; home; place; family; family; stable.”

• indraś ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• ganvahi ← gam
• [verb], dual, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• pītvā ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• sacevahi ← sac
• [verb], dual, Present optative
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

• triḥ ← tris
• [adverb]
• “thrice; tris [word].”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• sakhyuḥ ← sakhi
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

• pade ← pada
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

यत् यदा ब्रध्नस्य विष्टपं सूर्यस्य स्थानं गृहमिन्द्रश्च अहं चोभौ उत् गन्वहि उद्गच्छावः तदानीं मध्वः मधुरं सोमरसं पीत्वा सचेवहि संसृष्टौ भवेव । कुत्र । सख्युः सर्वेषां सखिभूतस्यादित्यस्य । त्रिः सप्त इत्यनेन देवलोकानामुत्तममेकविंशं स्थानमुच्यते आदित्यस्यैकविंशत्वात् । तथा च ब्राह्मणं- द्वादश मासाः पञ्चर्तवस्त्रय इमे लोका असावादित्य एकविंशः ’ (ऐ. ब्रा. १. ३०) इति । तादृश एकविंशस्थाने सचेवहीति ॥

English translation:

“When Indra, and I ascend to our home, the world of the sun, then, having drunk the sweet (Soma), letus be united in the twenty-first sphere of the (universal) friend.”

As we two, Indra and (I), go up to his home along the surface of the coppery (soma),
having drunk of the honey three times, might we two become comrades at the seven(th) step of the comrade.

Another elliptical 1st dual construction; for disc. see VIII.62.11.

Geldner and Hoffmann, inter alia, take bradhnásya viṣṭápam to refer to the height or top of the sun. The phrase occurs also in IX.113.10. bradhná- in VIII.4.13-14 seems to refer to soma. Since viṣṭáp- several times occurs with samudrásya (VIII.34.13, 97.5=IX.12.6, IX.107.14), something liquid makes sense, rather than wandering around on top of the sun. Furthermore, at least in IX.12.6 (and probably IX.107.14) the “sea” in this expression is clearly soma. I also think that it works better as acc. of extent, rather than as goal, since the goal is the grhám ̥ .

For the ceremonial aspects of the second hemistich see published introduction. Note that sákhi- is an integral part of the “seventh step” mantra at the wedding ceremony: sakhā saptapadī bhava “Become a comrade of the seventh step” (ŚGS I.14.6, etc.; see Jamison 1996: 121). Contra Hoffmann (1967: 255) I separate tríḥ from saptá, and consider the former to refer to drinking soma at the three pressings (so also Geldner). I also take the cardinal saptá as if it were the ordinal saptátha-. For the corresponding verse, see 16 below.

When I and Indra mount on high up to the Bright One’s place and home,
We, having drunk of meath, will reach his seat whose Friends are three times seven.

Wenn ich und Indra, wir beide, nach Hause zur Höhe der Sonne hinaufsteigen, so wollen wir vom Met trinkend dreimal in den sieben Schritten des Freundes zusammengehen.

Wenn zu des lichten Rosses Haus und Stätte Indra geht mit mir, So bleiben nach des Soma Trunk, drei Wochen wir an Freundes Ort.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यगण ! (यथा+विदे) जैसे विज्ञान और प्रख्यात पुरुष को पूजते हो वैसे ही (गिरा) स्वस्ववाणी से (अभि) अन्तःकरण के सर्वभाव से (इन्द्रम्) उस परमात्मा को (प्रार्च) पूजो, जो जगदीश (गोपतिम्) पृथिव्यादि लोकों का रक्षक है, (सत्यस्य+सूनुम्) सत्य का जनयिता और (सत्पतिम्) सत्पति है ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमेश्वर को प्रत्यक्ष देखते नहीं, अतः उसके अस्तित्व में लोग संदिग्ध रहते हैं और उसकी पूजा-पाठ में आलस्य करते हैं। इस कारण विश्वासार्थ कहा जाता है कि विज्ञात पुरुष जैसे देखते और उसको पूजते, तद्वत् उसको भी समझो। क्योंकि यदि वह न हो, तो ये पृथिवी आदि कहाँ से आएँ। उसको विचारो ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यगण ! यथा+विदे=यथा विज्ञातं पुरुषमर्चसि तथैव। गिरा=वाण्या। तमिन्द्रम्। अभि=सर्वभावेन। प्रार्च=पूजय। कीदृशम्। गोपतिम्=पृथिव्यादिस्वामिनम्। सत्यस्य। सूनुमुत्पादकम्। पुनः सत्पतिम् ॥४॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

अ᳓र्चत प्र᳓ अर्चत
प्रि᳓यमेधासो अ᳓र्चत
अ᳓र्चन्तु पुत्रका᳓ उत᳓
पु᳓रं न᳓ धृष्णु᳓ अर्चत

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
arcata ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

árcata ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)

árcata ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

príyamedhāsaḥ ← priyámedha- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

árcantu ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

putrakā́ḥ ← putraká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

utá ← utá (invariable)

arcata ← √r̥c- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dhr̥ṣṇú ← dhr̥ṣṇú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

púram ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

अर्च॑त । प्र । अ॒र्च॒त॒ । प्रिय॑ऽमेधासः । अर्च॑त ।
अर्च॑न्तु । पु॒त्र॒काः । उ॒त । पुर॑म् । न । धृ॒ष्णु । अ॒र्च॒त॒ ॥

• arcata ← arc
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

• prārcata ← prārc ← √arc
• [verb], plural, Imperfect

• priyamedhāso ← priyamedhāsaḥ ← priyamedha
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine

• arcata ← arc
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

• arcantu ← arc
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

• putrakā ← putrakāḥ ← putraka
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “son; male child; Putraka; baby; doll.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• puraṃ ← puram ← pura
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “town; pura [word]; stronghold.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dhṛṣṇv ← dhṛṣṇu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “brave; ferocious; strong.”

• arcata ← arc
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

हे अध्वर्य्वादयः यूयमिन्द्रम् अर्चत पूजयत स्तुत्या। प्रार्चत प्रकर्षेणार्चतेन्द्रमेव । हे प्रियमेधासः प्रियमेधसंबन्धिनस्तद्गोत्रा यूयम् अर्चत इन्द्रम् । पुत्रकाः पुत्रा अपि अर्चन्तु इन्द्रम् । उत अपि च पुरं न धृष्णु यथा पुरं धर्षणशीलमर्चन्ति तादृशमिन्द्रम् अर्चत ॥

English translation:

“Worship Indra, worship him pre-eminently, worship him, you of the family of Priyamedha; let your sonsalso worship him; worship him as a strong city.”

Chant! Chant forth! Chant, o Priyamedhas!
Let your little sons chant, and you—chant boldly as if against a
fortress.

Sing, sing ye forth your songs of praise, ye Briyamedhas, sing your songs:
Yea, let young children sing their lauds as a strong castle praise ye him.

Lobsinget, hebet an, ihr Priyamedha´s, lobsinget! Es sollen die Söhnchen lobsingen, und besinget ihn zuversichtlich als eine Burg!

Auf, preiset, hebt zu preisen an o preiset, Prijamedha’s ihr; Die Kinder sollen preisen auch; den kühnen preist wie eine Burg.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• पादनिचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - उस इन्द्रवाच्य परमात्मा ने (अधि+बर्हिषि) इस निराधार आकाश में (अरुषीः) प्रकाशमान इन (हरयः) परस्पर हरणशील पृथिव्यादि लोकों को (ससृज्रिरे) बनाया है, (यत्र) जहाँ हम लोग (संनवामहे) निवास करते हैं ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - बर्हिष् यह आकाश का नाम है, निघण्टु १।३। इससे ईश्वर की महती शक्ति दिखलाई गई है ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - तेनेन्द्रेण। अधि+बर्हिषि=आकाशे निराधारे स्थाने। अरुषीः=आरोचमानाः। इमे। हरयः=परस्परहरणशीलाः पृथिव्यादिलोकाः। आ+ससृज्रिरे=आसृष्टाः। यत्र लोकेषु। वयमुपासकाः। अभि+संनवामहे=सर्वतो निवसामः ॥५॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

अ᳓व स्वराति ग᳓र्गरो
गोधा᳓ प᳓रि सनिष्वणत्
पि᳓ङ्गा प᳓रि चनिष्कदद्
इ᳓न्द्राय ब्र᳓ह्म उ᳓द्यतम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
áva ← áva (invariable)

gárgaraḥ ← gárgara- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svarāti ← √svar- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

godhā́ ← godhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)

saniṣvaṇat ← √svanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

caniṣkadat ← √skand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pári ← pári (invariable)

píṅgā ← píṅgā- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

bráhma ← bráhman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

údyatam ← √yam- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

अव॑ । स्व॒रा॒ति॒ । गर्ग॑रः । गो॒धा । परि॑ । स॒नि॒स्व॒न॒त् ।
पिङ्गा॑ । परि॑ । च॒नि॒स्क॒द॒त् । इन्द्रा॑य । ब्रह्म॑ । उत्ऽय॑तम् ॥

• ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• svarāti ← svar
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “sing.”

• gargaro ← gargaraḥ ← gargara
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “gulf; churn.”

• godhā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “monitor; Godhā; godhā [word]; chord.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• saniṣvaṇat ← saniṣvan ← √svan
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

• piṅgā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “gorocanā; turmeric.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• caniṣkadad ← caniṣkadat ← caniṣkad ← √skand
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• brahmodyatam ← brahma ← brahman
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• brahmodyatam ← udyatam ← udyam ← √yam
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “raise; prepare; begin; endeavor; specialize.”

गर्गरः गर्गरध्वनियुक्तो वाद्यविशेषो युद्धे अव स्वराति भयं शब्दयति । गोधा हस्तघ्नः परि परितः सनिष्वणत् स्वनति भृशम् । पिङ्गा पिङ्गवर्णा ज्यापि परि चनिष्कदत् परिस्कन्दते । यस्मादेवं युद्धः संनद्धोऽत इन्द्राय ब्रह्म परिवृढं कर्म स्तुतिलक्षणम् उद्यतं भवत्विति शेषः ॥

English translation:

“The drum utters its sound, the leathern guard twangs, the tawny bowstring leaps to and fro; let thehymn be raised to Indra.”

The Gargara(-instrument) will gurgle downward, the Godhā(-vīṇā) will keep resounding all around,
and the Piṅgā(-string) will keep quivering all around. The sacred
formulation is offered up to Indra.

It is likely that all three of these obscure words, gárgara-, godhā́-, and píṅgā-, are musical instruments, but further specification is difficult. VIII.69.11-12: I do not understand why Varuṇa is mentioned specially. Perhaps because of the waters of 11d and the rivers of 12b?

Now loudly let the viol sound, the lute send out its voice with might,
Shrill be, the music of the string. To Indra. is the hymn up-raised.

Es ertöne die Trommel, laut klinge der Handschutz, die Sehne soll tanzen: An Indra ist die Beschwörung gerichtet.

Es klinge hell der Harfe Ton, erschalle laut der Saite Klang, Die Sehne schwinge auf und ab, dem Indra ist Gebet gereicht.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वज्रिणे) दण्डधारी (इन्द्राय) उस इन्द्र के लिये (गावः) ये पृथिव्यादिलोक (आशिरम्) पुष्टिकर (मधु+दुदुह्रे) मधु दे रहे हैं। (यत्) जिस मधु को (उपह्वरे) समीप में ही (सीम्) सर्वत्र वह (विदत्) पाता है ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इसका आशय यह है कि जिस परमात्मा की प्रीति के लिये मानो ये सम्पूर्ण जगत् ही अपना-अपना स्वत्व दे रहे हैं और ईश्वर सर्वत्र व्यापक होने के कारण वह वहाँ ही उसे पा भी रहा है, तब स्वल्प मनुष्य उसको क्या दे सकेगा। तथापि हे मनुष्यों ! तुम्हारे निकट जो कुछ हो, उसकी प्रीत्यर्थ उसको दो ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्याः ! वज्रिणे=दण्डधराय। इन्द्राय। इमाः। गावः=पृथिव्यादिलोकाः। आशिरं=पुष्टिकरम्। मधु+ दुदुह्रे=दुहते। समर्पयन्ति। यन्मधु। सः। उपह्वरे=समीपे एव। सीम्=सर्वतः। विदत्=प्राप्नोति ॥६॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

आ᳓ य᳓त् प᳓तन्ति एनि᳓यः
सुदु᳓घा अ᳓नपस्फुरः
अपस्फु᳓रं गृभायत
सो᳓मम् इ᳓न्द्राय पा᳓तवे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

enyàḥ ← éta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

pátanti ← √pat- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ánapasphuraḥ ← ánapasphur- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

sudúghāḥ ← sudúgha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

apasphúram ← apasphúr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gr̥bhāyata ← √gr̥bhⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índrāya ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

pā́tave ← √pā- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

sómam ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । यत् । पत॑न्ति । ए॒न्यः॑ । सु॒ऽदुघाः॑ । अन॑पऽस्फुरः ।
अ॒प॒ऽस्फुर॑म् । गृ॒भा॒य॒त॒ । सोम॑म् । इन्द्रा॑य । पात॑वे ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• patanty ← patanti ← pat
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “fall down; drop; fly; issue; fall; fall; decay; hang down; banish; throw; lodge; disappear.”

• enyaḥ ← ena
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• sudughā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sudughā ← dughāḥ ← dugha
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “yielding.”

• anapasphuraḥ ← an
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• anapasphuraḥ ← apasphuraḥ ← apasphur
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• apasphuraṃ ← apasphuram ← apasphur
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• gṛbhāyata ← gṛbhāy ← √grah
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “accept.”

• somam ← soma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• indrāya ← indra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pātave ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

यत् यदा एन्यः एतवर्णाः शुभ्रवर्णा नद्यः आ पतन्ति आगच्छन्ति सर्वतः प्रवहन्ति । कीदृश्यः। सुदुघाः सुदोहाः अनपस्फुरः। अपस्फुरोऽपस्फुरा अप्रवृद्धाः। अतादृश्योऽनपस्फुरः । अत्यन्तं प्रवृद्धा इत्यर्थः । यद्वा । सुदुघाः प्रवृद्धा एतवर्णा गावो यदा पयआद्यर्थाय आ पतन्ति तदा अपस्फुरम् । अत्रापशब्दो धात्वर्थानुवादी । अत्यन्तप्रवृद्धं सोममिन्द्राय पातवे पातुं गृभायत ग्रहणं कुरुत । अथवानपस्फुर इत्यत्राप्यपशब्दोऽनुवादी धात्वर्थस्य । तथा सत्ययमर्थः । यदा एन्यो नद्योऽनपस्फुरोऽप्रवृद्धोदका पतन्ति वृष्टिरल्पा यदा भवति तदा सोममिन्द्रार्थं संपादयतेति ॥ ॥६॥

English translation:

“When the bright fertilizing rivers flow with diminished waters, then take the overflowing Soma for Indrato drink.”

When the speckled (cows), who yield good milk and never kick, fly here, take hold of the kicking soma for Indra to drink.

When bither speed the dappled cows, unflinching, easy to be milked,
Seize quickly, as it bursts away, the Soma juice for Indra’s drink.

Wenn die bunten, leicht zu melkenden, sich nicht entziehenden Kühe herbeieilen, so haltet fest den sich entziehenden Soma für Indra zum Trinken!

Wenn kommt der bunten Kühe Schar, die ohne Sträuben Milch ergiesst, So fasst den Soma, der sich sträubt, Zum Trunk dem Indra kräftig an.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• विराडनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - यद्यपि ईश्वर दृष्टिगोचर नहीं, तथापि उसका अनुभव यह जीव करता है। वेद के अनुसार वह हमारा पिता और बन्धु है। वह रक्षक है, वह हमारी प्रार्थना सुनता और उसका फल देता है, इत्यादि विचारों के साथ वेद विद्यमान हैं। इस अवस्था में यह मन्त्र वक्ष्यमाण प्रकार का विचार उपस्थित करता है। अध्यात्मार्थ−(ब्रध्नस्य) सूर्य्यवत् प्रकाशक शिरसम्बन्धी (यत्+विष्टपम्) जो विस्तृत और वितप्त (गृहम्) गृह है, वहाँ मैं उपासक और (इन्द्रः+च) परमात्मा दोनों (उद्+गन्वहि) जावें और वहाँ (मध्वः+पीत्वा) मुक्ति का सुख भोगते हुए (त्रिः+सप्त) एकविंशति विवेकयुक्त (सख्युः+पदे) अपने मित्र के पद पर (सचेवहि) संयुक्त होवें ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - त्रिः+सप्त=२१−भाष्यकार सायण आदि समझते हैं कि देवताओं के स्थानों में इक्कीसवाँ उत्तम सूर्य्य का स्थान है। वही परम पद भी कहलाता है। किन्तु यह व्याख्या वेद की नहीं हो सकती। क्योंकि देवों के सब स्थान मिलकर (२१) इक्कीस ही हैं, इसका भी कोई निश्चय नहीं। अतः यह वर्णन अध्यात्म है। इस शिर में दो नयन, दो कर्ण, दो नासिकाएँ और एक रसना, ये सातों अपने-अपने विषयों के विचारकर्ता हैं। उत्तम, मध्यम और अधम भेद से इनके तीन प्रकार के विचार हैं, अतः ७*३=२१ प्रकार के अनुभव या विचार इस शिर में सदा होते रहते हैं, अतः यही शिर एकविंशति विचारों से युक्त है। सखा=परमात्मा का सखा जीव है। उसका मुख्य स्थान शिर ही है। जैसे लोक में मित्र को बुलाकर लोग सत्कार करते हैं, वैसे ही यह उपासक जीवात्मा परमात्मा को अपने-अपने स्थान में बुलाता है और उसे मधु समर्पित करता है।

टिप्पणी: वेदभगवान् मानवस्वभाव का निरूपक ग्रन्थ है। हम लोगों की बुद्धि की गति जितनी हो सकती है, उतना वर्णन रहता है। इसी कारण वेदों के बहुत स्थलों में कहा गया है कि यद्यपि वह अपरिमित और अपरिच्छिन्न है, तथापि वह ऋचीसम्=ऋचा के बराबर है। वेदवाणी जहाँ तक पहुँचती है, उतना ही ईश्वर है और वह वेदवाणी बहुधा मानवबुद्धि का अनुसरण करती है। हाँ, क्वचित् वेदों में ऐसा भी वर्णन है,जहाँ बुद्धि नहीं पहुँचती है। यथा सृष्टि की उत्पत्ति का वर्णन ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - ब्रध्नस्य=सूर्य्यस्येव प्रकाशस्य शिरसः। यद् विष्टपं=विस्तृतं वितप्तं गृहमस्ति। तत्राहमुपासकः। इन्द्रश्च=परमात्मा च। उद्गन्वहि=उद्गच्छावः। पुनश्च तत्र मध्वः+पीत्वा=मधु पीत्वा। तस्मिन् त्रिः+सप्त= एकविंशतिविवेकयुक्ते। सख्युः=आत्मनः। पदे आवाम्। सचेवहि=संगतौ भवावः ॥७॥

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः;वरुणः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - पङ्क्तिः

अ᳓पाद् इ᳓न्द्रो अ᳓पाद् अग्नि᳓र्
वि᳓श्वे देवा᳓ अमत्सत
व᳓रुण इ᳓द् इह᳓ क्षयत्
त᳓म् आ᳓पो अभ्य् अ᳡नूषत
वत्सं᳓ संशि᳓श्वरीर् इव

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
agníḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ápāt ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ápāt ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

amatsata ← √mad- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

devā́ḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

víśve ← víśva- (nominal stem)

ihá ← ihá (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

kṣayat ← √kṣi- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

váruṇaḥ ← váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

anūṣata ← √nu- ~ nū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

saṁśíśvarīḥ ← saṁśíśvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

vatsám ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अपा॑त् । इन्द्रः॑ । अपा॑त् । अ॒ग्निः । विश्वे॑ । दे॒वाः । अ॒म॒त्स॒त॒ ।
वरु॑णः । इत् । इ॒ह । क्ष॒य॒त् । तम् । आपः॑ । अ॒भि । अ॒नू॒ष॒त॒ । व॒त्सम् । सं॒शिश्व॑रीःऽइव ॥

• apād ← apāt ← pā
• [verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• indro ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• apād ← apāt ← pā
• [verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• agnir ← agniḥ ← agni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• viśve ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• devā ← devāḥ ← deva
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• amatsata ← mad
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

• varuṇa ← varuṇe ← varuṇa
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

• id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• iha
• [adverb]
• “here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”

• kṣayat ← kṣi
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “govern; inhabit; dwell; stay; predominate; bide; own.”

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• āpo ← āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• abhy ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• anūṣata ← nū
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “praise; shout.”

• vatsaṃ ← vatsam ← vatsa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• saṃśiśvarīr ← saṃśiśvarīḥ ← saṃśiśvan
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

इन्द्रः अपात् अपिबत् सोमम् । अग्निः अप्यपिबत् । विश्वे देवाः अपि अमत्सत तृप्ता अभवन् सोमपानेन । वरुण इत् वरुणोऽपि इह अस्मिन् यागगृहे क्षयत् निवसतु सोमपानार्थम् । निवसन्तं तम् आपः अपि अभ्यनूषत । उदकान्यापनशीला स्तुतयो वाभ्यष्टुवन् । किमिव । वत्सं स्वीयं संशिश्वरीः संशिश्वर्यः संगच्छमाना गावः इव । ता यथा धावन्त्यो हम्भारवं कुर्वन्ति तद्वत् ॥

English translation:

“Indra drank (the Soma), Agni drank it, the Viśve Devās were gladdened; let Varuṇa fix his dwellinghere, the waters have praised him as cows (low) meeting their calves.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The waters: apaḥ = hymns, āpanaśīlaḥ

Indra has drunk; Agni has drunk. All the gods have become
exhilarated.
Varuṇa will settle here, too. The waters have bellowed out to him, as (cows) that share their young do to their calf.

Indra hath drunk, Agni hath drunk. all Deities have drunk their fill.
Here Varuna shall have his home, to whom the floods have sung aloud as motherkine unto their calves.

Indra hat getrunken, Agni hat getrunken, alle Götter haben sich berauscht. Varuna möge hier weilen. Ihm haben die Gewässer zugebrüllt wie die Kühe, die ein Junges zusammen haben, dem Kalbe.

Getrunken hat Indra, getrunken Agni, alle Götter haben sich berauscht; Varuna, er weile hier, ihm rauschten jetzt die Gesänge zu, so wie dem Kalbe die Kühe, die es gemeinsam nähren.

• विश्वेदेवाः, वरुणः
• प्रियमेधः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्रियमेधासः) हे यज्ञप्रिय मनुष्यों ! तुम सब मिलकर उसकी (अर्चत) पूजा करो (प्रार्चत) अच्छे प्रकार उसको गाओ, अवश्यमेव (अर्चत) उसकी स्तुति प्रार्थना उपासना आदि सुकर्म करो। केवल तुम ही नहीं, (उत) किन्तु (पुत्रकाः) तुम्हारे पुत्र पौत्र और भावी सन्तान भी (अर्चन्तु) उसकी कीर्ति गावें। (न) जैसे (धृष्णु+पुरम्) विजयी पराक्रमी और महान् नगर की प्रशंसा लोग गाते हैं, तद्वत् उसको गाओ ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - उसको छोड़ अन्य की उपासना या प्रार्थना न करो, यह इसका आशय है ॥८॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे प्रियमेधासः=यज्ञप्रिया मनुष्याः ! यूयम्। परमात्मानम्। अर्चत। प्रार्चत। पुनः पुनः। तमेवार्चत। तमेव गायत, स्तुत, प्रशंसत, प्रार्थयत। न केवलं यूयमेव। उत=अपि च। युष्माकं पुत्रका अपि तमर्चन्तु। धृष्णु=धर्षणशीलम्। महत्। पुरं+न=पुरमिव। अर्चत=भूषयत। तस्य कीर्तिं गायत ॥८॥

• देवता - वरुणः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

सुदेवो᳓ असि वरुण
य᳓स्य ते सप्त᳓ सि᳓न्धवः
अनुक्ष᳓रन्ति काकु᳓दं
सूर्मि᳓यं सुषिरा᳓म् इव

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asi ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sudeváḥ ← sudevá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

varuṇa ← váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

síndhavaḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yásya ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

anukṣáranti ← √kṣar- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kākúdam ← kākúd- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

sūrmyàm ← sūrmī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

suṣirā́m ← suṣirá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

सु॒ऽदे॒वः । अ॒सि॒ । व॒रु॒ण॒ । यस्य॑ । ते॒ । स॒प्त । सिन्ध॑वः ।
अ॒नु॒ऽक्षर॑न्ति । का॒कुद॑म् । सू॒र्म्य॑म् । सु॒षि॒राम्ऽइ॑व ॥

• sudevo ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sudevo ← devaḥ ← deva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• varuṇa
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

• yasya ← yad
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “seven; seventh.”

• sindhavaḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• anukṣaranti ← anukṣar ← √kṣar
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

• kākudaṃ ← kākudam ← kākud
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “esophagus.”

• sūrmyaṃ ← sūrmyam ← sūrmi
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• suṣirām ← suṣira
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

हे वरुण जलाभिमानिन् देव त्वं सुदेवोऽसि यस्य सुदेवस्य ते तव काकुदं तालु समुद्राख्यं सप्त सिन्धवः गङ्गाद्याः सप्त नद्यः अनुक्षरन्ति जिह्वायां सर्वदा स्रवन्ति ॥

You are the good god o varuNa,
whose are the seven rivers
they follow through your throat
like through a pipe for good flow.

The peculiar simile suggests that the Indo-Aryans were familiar with pipes to convey water. Of course drain pipes are well known from Harappan sites. Such technology could have been more widely know and also used for supplying water from a reservoir.

In fact my thinking was that this might be a structure similar to a (Iranian) qanat – or something like that. The priyamedha-s were proximal to the branches that became Iranic.

English translation:

“You are a glorious god, Varuṇa, across whose palate the seven rivers keep pouring as a fair-flowing(stream) into an abyss.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Across whose palate: sūrmyam suṣirām iva: (Yāska Nirukta 5.27); grammariansadvocate the study of grammar; seven rivers are the seven declensional affixes; across whose palate the sevenrivers keep flowing a (fire penetrates and purifies) a beautiful perforated metal image); seven rivers are Gangaetc. and Varuṇa’s palate is the ocean

You are well-provided with gods, Varuṇa—you through whose gullet the seven rivers
stream, as through a tube that provides easy flow.

I take sudevá- as a bahuvrīhi, as su-compounds with this metrical shape and accentuation generally are (contra Geldner’s “ein guter Gott”). The gods mentioned in 11b may be part of Varuṇa’s retinue.

Thou, Varuna, to whom belong Seven Rivers, art a glorious God.
The waters flow into thy throat as ’twere a pipe with ample mouth.

Du bist ein guter Gott, o Varuna, in dessen Schlund die sieben Ströme fließen wie in eine hohle Röhre.

Ein rechter Gott bist du, o Varuna, in dessen Schlund die sieben Ströme hineinrinnen, wie in eine Wasserröthe, die gutes Gefälle hat.

• वरुणः
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

वैराग्योत्पादन के लिये संसार की विलक्षणता दिखलाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (गर्गरः) गर्गरशब्दयुक्त नक्कारा आदि बाजा (अव+स्वराति) भयावह शब्द कर रहा है, (गोधा) ढोल मृदङ्ग आदि (परि+सनिस्वनत्) चारों तरफ बड़े जोर से बज रहे हैं, इसी प्रकार (पिङ्गा) अन्यान्य वाद्य भी (परि+चनिष्कदत्) चारों ओर भय दिखला रहे हैं, अतः हे मनुष्यों ! (इन्द्राय) उस परमात्मा के लिये (ब्रह्म+उद्यतम्) स्तुतिगान का उद्योग हो ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यह संसार महायुद्धक्षेत्र है। इसमें प्रतिक्षण अपने-अपने अस्तित्व के लिये सभी जीव युद्ध कर रहे हैं। मनुष्य-समाज में अन्य जीवों की अपेक्षा अधिकसंग्राम है। अतः इसमें कौन बचेगा और कौन मरेगा, इसका निश्चय नहीं, इस हेतु प्रथम परमात्मा का स्मरण करो ॥९॥

संसारवैलक्षण्यं प्रदर्शयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - गर्गरः=गर्गरध्वनियुक्तो वाद्यविशेषः। अव+स्वराति= भयावहं शब्दं करोति। गोधा=एतन्नामकं वाद्यम्। परि=परितः। सनिस्वनत्=भृशं स्वनति=शब्दयति। पिङ्गा। परि+चनिष्कदत्=स्वध्वनिना विभीषयति ॥९॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

यो᳓ व्य᳓तीँर् अ᳓फाणयत्
सु᳓युक्ताँ उ᳓प दाशु᳓षे
तक्वो᳓ नेता᳓ त᳓द् इ᳓द् व᳓पुर्
उपमा᳓ यो᳓ अ᳓मुच्यत

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áphāṇayat ← √phaṇ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

vyátīn ← vyáti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dāśúṣe ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

súyuktān ← súyukta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

netā́ ← netár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

takváḥ ← takvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vápuḥ ← vápus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ámucyata ← √muc- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:MED}

upamā́ ← upamá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

यः । व्यती॑न् । अफा॑णयत् । सुऽयु॑क्तान् । उप॑ । दा॒शुषे॑ ।
त॒क्वः । ने॒ता । तत् । इत् । वपुः॑ । उ॒प॒ऽमा । यः । अमु॑च्यत ॥

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• vyatīṃr ← vyati
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine

• aphāṇayat ← phāṇay ← √phaṇ
• [verb], singular, Imperfect

• suyuktāṃ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suyuktāṃ ← yuktāṃ ← yuj
• [verb noun], accusative, plural
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• dāśuṣe ← dāś
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “sacrifice; give.”

• takvo ← takvaḥ ← takva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• netā ← netṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “leader; Vitex negundo.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• vapur ← vapuḥ ← vapus
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “body; form; miracle; human body; beauty; look; spectacle; figure; embodiment.”

• upamā
• [adverb]

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• amucyata ← muc
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “liberate; emit; get rid of; shoot; release; put; tousle; secrete; fill into; shoot; spill; lose; ejaculate; exclude; free; remove; loosen; let go of; add; shed; want; save; defecate; heal; fart; open; abandon; discard; precipitate; reject; lay; unleash; exhale; discharge.”

यः इन्द्रः व्यतीन् विविधगमनान् ‘सुयुक्तान् सुष्ठु रथे संबद्धानश्वान् दाशुषे हविर्दात्रे यजमानाय गन्तुं प्राप्तुम् उप अफाणयत् उपगमयति । फणतिर्गतिकर्मा । यदैवं करोति तदित् तदानीमेव तक्वः । तकतिर्गतिकर्मा । यज्ञगमनशीलः नेता उदकस्य फलस्य वा नायक इन्द्रः वपुः उदकमुत्पादयतीति शेषः । यः इन्द्रः उपमा उपमानभूतः अमुच्यत अन्यैर्वृष्टिनिवारकैरसुरादिभिर्मुक्तो भवति ॥

English translation:

“He ho directs towards the worshiper his well-yoked prancing steeds– he, (Indra), the swift bearer ofblessing, (produces) rain– he, who being comparable only to himself is delivered (from all his enemies).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Comparable only to himself: upamā = upamāna bhūta; or, in close proximity

He who made the paired, well-yoked horses leap for the pious man, (who is) their swooping leader—and just this is the marvel—who was set loose as the very measure (of heaven)—

Interpretations of this verse vary, and cd is characterized as “dunkel” by both Geldner and Oldenberg I take the verse as a series of relative clauses referring to (unnamed) Indra, leading up to the proclamation of Indra in 14ab. The relative clauses are interrupted by an exclamatory tád íd vápuḥ “just this is the marvel!” in c.

Geldner takes takváḥ as a PN (rejected by Mayr. PN; see also EWA s.v. TAK), but I see no reason to separate the stem from tákvan-, takva-vī́-, and takvavī́ya-, all of which seem to refer to the movements of birds of prey.

I take upamā́(so Pp., or upamā́ḥ) in the same way as in I.31.15, viz., as a root noun compound ‘measure’. See disc. there.

He who hath made the fleet steeds spring, well-harnessed, to the worshipper,
He, the swift Guide, is that fair form that loosed the horses near at hand.

Der die wohlgeschirrten Gespanne für den Opfernden in Galopp setzte. Takva ist der Leiter - das ist das Wunder - der zunächst losgebunden wurde.

Welcher die schöngeschirrten Renner hinspringen liess zu dem Verehrer, der schnelle Lenker, der ganz in der Nähe die herrliche Gestalt ausspannte.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

अ᳓ती᳓द् उ शक्र᳓ ओहत
इ᳓न्द्रो वि᳓श्वा अ᳓ति द्वि᳓षः
भिन᳓त् कनी᳓न ओदन᳓म्
पच्य᳓मानम् परो᳓ गिरा᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M

Morph
áti ← áti (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

ohate ← √uh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śakráḥ ← śakrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

áti ← áti (invariable)

dvíṣaḥ ← dvíṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

víśvāḥ ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

bhinát ← √bhid- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kanī́naḥ ← kanī́na- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

odanám ← odaná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

girā́ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pacyámānam ← √pac- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

parás ← parás (invariable)

अति॑ । इत् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । श॒क्रः । ओ॒ह॒ते॒ । इन्द्रः॑ । विश्वाः॑ । अति॑ । द्विषः॑ ।
भि॒नत् । क॒नीनः॑ । ओ॒द॒नम् । प॒च्यमा॑नम् । प॒रः । गि॒रा ॥

• atīd ← ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• atīd ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• śakra ← śakraḥ ← śakra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mighty.”

• ohata ← ohate ← ūh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “diagnose.”

• indro ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• viśvā ← viśvāḥ ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• dviṣaḥ ← dviṣ
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “hate; dviṣ; hostility; hostility.”

• bhinat ← bhid
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “break; incise; burst; divide; cut; cleave; destroy; cure; disturb; lance; break; distinguish; disclose; pierce; tear; separate; transgress; break open; scratch; penetrate; sever; bribe; grind; betray; fester; strike.”

• kanīna ← kanīnaḥ ← kanīna
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “young; kanīna [word].”

• odanam ← odana
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “boiled rice; porridge; odana [word]; soft diet.”

• pacyamānam ← pac
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “heat; cook; digest; boil; ripen; fester; burn; boil; cauterize; fry; cook; suppurate; inflame.”

• paro ← paras
• [adverb]
• “beyond; away; farther.”

• girā ← giri
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; adri; rock; giri [word]; hill; śilājatu.”

अयमिन्द्रः शक्रः शक्तः सन् अतीत् ओहते । अतिक्रम्य गच्छत्येव संग्रामे निरोधकान् शत्रून् । तदेवाह । अयम् इन्द्रः विश्वाः द्विषः द्वेष्टॄन् शत्रून् अति अतिक्रम्य गच्छति । कनीनः कमनीयः परः मेघानां परस्ताद्वर्तमान इन्द्रः ओदनम् । मेघनामैतत् । मेघं भिनत् अभिनत् भिनत्ति वृष्ट्यर्थम् । कीदृशम् । गिरा माध्यमिकया वाचा स्तनितलक्षणया पच्यमानम्। वज्रनिर्घोषेण ताड्यमानमित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Śakra verily overpowers, Indra overpowers all his enemies; he, worthy of love, abiding beyond, cleavesthe cloud smitten by his thunder-voice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Cloud smitten: odanam pacyamānam = rice when cooked;

Odana = acloud (Yāska Naigh. 1.10);

Pacyamāna = tāḍyamāna

Just he is solemnly proclaimed as the able one, as Indra, beyond all hatreds.
The lad ripped (out) the rice porridge that was cooking far away on the mountain.

Geldner takes ohate as reflexive, but I prefer a passive interpretation here.

The second half of the verse segues into the Emuṣa myth prominent in this part of VIII. For disc. see published introduction.

Indra, the very Mighty, holds his enemies in utter scorn.
He, far away, and yet a child, cleft the cloud smitten by his voice.

Der mächtige Indra fühlt sich allen Feinden überlegen. Der Jüngling spaltete den Berg und holte den Reisbrei, der jenseits im Berge gekocht wurde.

Der starke Indra, er fürwahr, verachtet aller Feinde Trotz, Der Jüngling weist zurück den Brei, der ohne Sang bereitet ist.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• अनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्

अर्भको᳓ न᳓ कुमारको᳓
अ᳓धि तिष्ठन् न᳓वं र᳓थम्
स᳓ पक्षन् महिष᳓म् मृग᳓म्
पित्रे᳓ मात्रे᳓ विभुक्र᳓तुम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
arbhakáḥ ← arbhaká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kumārakáḥ ← kumāraká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

návam ← náva- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tiṣṭhat ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mahiṣám ← mahiṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mr̥gám ← mr̥gá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pakṣat ← √pac- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mātré ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

pitré ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

vibhukrátum ← vibhukrátu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

अ॒र्भ॒कः । न । कु॒मा॒र॒कः । अधि॑ । ति॒ष्ठ॒त् । नव॑म् । रथ॑म् ।
सः । प॒क्ष॒त् । म॒हि॒षम् । मृ॒गम् । पि॒त्रे । मा॒त्रे । वि॒भु॒ऽक्रतु॑म् ॥

• arbhako ← arbhakaḥ ← arbhaka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “humble; weak.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• kumārako ← kumārakaḥ ← kumāraka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “kumārabandha; child.”

• ‘dhi ← adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• tiṣṭhan ← tiṣṭhat ← sthā
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• navaṃ ← navam ← nava
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “new; fresh; young; matutinal; recent; nava [word]; modern; fresh.”

• ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• sa
• [adverb]
• “with; little; together.”

• pakṣan ← pakṣat ← pac
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “heat; cook; digest; boil; ripen; fester; burn; boil; cauterize; fry; cook; suppurate; inflame.”

• mahiṣam ← mahiṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Old World buffalo; Mahiṣa; Mahiṣa.”

• mṛgam ← mṛga
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “game; deer; animal; antelope; mṛga [word]; Mṛgaśiras.”

• pitre ← pitṛ
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• mātre ← mātṛ
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• vibhukratum ← vibhu
• [noun]
• “mighty; abundant; big.”

• vibhukratum ← kratum ← kratu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

अयमिन्द्रः अर्भको न अल्पशरीरः कुमारकः कुमारक इव नवं स्तुत्यं रथम् अधि तिष्ठत् अधितिष्ठति । सः इन्द्रः महिषं महान्तं मृगं मृगवदितस्ततो धावन्तं सर्वैर्मृग्यं वा विभुक्रतुं बहुकर्माणं मेघं पक्षत् पचति । वृष्टयभिमुखं करोतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“(Indra), like a young boy, has mounted his splendid chariot; he makes ready for his father and motherthe great deer-like many-functioned cloud.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

He makes ready: pac = to cook, to mature, vṛṣṭyabhimukham karoti,Indra makes the cloud ready for raining;

Mṛga = deer-like, wandering hither and thither like a deer, to be soughtby all; He roasts (with his thunderbolt) the wild mighty buffalo (the cloud) for his father and mother

Like a teeny-tiny wee little boy, he mounted his new chariot.
He cooked the wild buffalo of prodigious will for his father and
mother.

Note the extreme diminutivization in arbhakó ná kumārakáḥ, signalled by the two -ká-suffixed forms. Presumably the point, in this account of Boyhood Deeds, is to emphasize how small and weak he was to accomplish such deeds.

Both Geldner and Oldenberg are troubled by vibhukrátu- as a qualifier of the buffalo. Oldenberg goes so far as to suggest it should be nominative, but was attracted into the accusative by the preceding accusatives (which, note, are not even adjacent or in the same pāda). This seems unlikely (and unworthy of the usually punctilious Oldenberg). Geldner also manoeuvres the adjective into referring not to the krátu- of the buffalo, but rather to that of the father and mother: “Er kochte das Büffeltier für Vater und Mutter, das ihrem Verlangen genügte.” I do not understand how he is interpreting the vibhu-, nor do I see any difficulty with assigning the quality named in the compound to the buffalo: that the buffalo is formidable makes the feat of a tiny boy cooking it (and presumably first catching it) all the greater.

He, yet a boy exceeding small, mounted his newly-fashioned car.
He for his Mother and his Sire cooked the wild mighty buffalo.

Wie ein kleines Knäbchen bestieg er den neuen Wagen. Er kochte das Büffeltier für Vater und Mutter, das ihrem Verlangen genügte.

Als kleiner, zarter Knabe schon bestieg den neuen Wagen er; Dem Vater und der Mutter briet den kraftbegabten Büffel er.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृदनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - पङ्क्तिः

आ᳓ तू᳓ सुशिप्र दम्पते
र᳓थं तिष्ठा हिरण्य᳓यम्
अ᳓ध द्युक्षं᳓ सचेवहि
सह᳓स्रपादम् अरुषं᳓
सुअस्तिगा᳓म् अनेह᳓सम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

dampate ← dámpati- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

suśipra ← suśiprá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tú ← tú (invariable)

hiraṇyáyam ← hiraṇyáya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rátham ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tiṣṭha ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ádha ← ádha (invariable)

dyukṣám ← dyukṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sacevahi ← √sac- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

aruṣám ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sahásrapādam ← sahásrapad- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

anehásam ← anehás- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

svastigā́m ← svastigā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । तु । सु॒ऽशि॒प्र॒ । द॒म्ऽप॒ते॒ । रथ॑म् । ति॒ष्ठ॒ । हि॒र॒ण्यय॑म् ।
अध॑ । द्यु॒क्षम् । स॒चे॒व॒हि॒ । स॒हस्र॑ऽपादम् । अ॒रु॒षम् । स्व॒स्ति॒ऽगाम् । अ॒ने॒हस॑म् ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• tū ← tu
• [adverb]
• “now; then; but; and; now; however; then; then; surely.”

• suśipra ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suśipra ← śipra ← śiprā
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “lip; śiprā.”

• dampate ← dampati
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “couple.”

• rathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• tiṣṭhā ← tiṣṭha ← sthā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• hiraṇyayam ← hiraṇyaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “gold; aureate; hiraṇyaya [word].”

• adha
• [adverb]
• “then; and; therefore; now.”

• dyukṣaṃ ← dyukṣam ← dyukṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “celestial; divine; divine; brilliant.”

• sacevahi ← sac
• [verb], dual, Present optative
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

• sahasrapādam ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasrapādam ← pādam ← pāda
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “foot; one-fourth; beam; pāda; foot; foundation; pāda [word]; leg; leg; animal foot; step; foot; footfall; verse.”

• aruṣaṃ ← aruṣam ← aruṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• svastigām ← svasti
• [noun], neuter
• “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”

• svastigām ← gām ← gā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• anehasam ← anehas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “faultless; anehas [word]; incomparable.”

हे सुशिप्र सुहनो हे दंपते गृहस्वामिन् । अत्र गृहो रथः। तस्य स्वामिन् । तु त्वं तावत् रथम् आ तिष्ठ। हविःस्वीकरणान्तरं पश्चादहमारोहामीति भावः । कीदृशम् । हिरण्ययं हिरण्मयम्। अध तवारोहणानन्तरमहमप्यारुह्योभौ सचेवहि संगच्छेवहि । संगतौ भवेव। पुनः कीदृशम् । द्युक्षं दीप्तं रथं सहस्रपादं बहुपादम् अरुषम् आरोचमानं स्वस्तिगां कुशलगमनम् अनेहसम् अपापम् ॥

English translation:

“Handsome-jawed (Indra), householder, mount your golden chariot; then let us meet mounted togetheron that bright thousand-footed brilliant auspiciously moving sinless (car).”

You fair-lipped houselord, mount your golden chariot.
Then we two might become comrades along the heavenly, ruddy (path) with a thousand steps,
faultless and leading to well-being.

The first hemistich seems addressed to the present-day Indra, recalling his boyhood deeds recounted in 15ab.

The second half matches vs. 7, with the same proposition that Indra and I (=poet, in my opinion; Geldner rather Viṣṇu) should become comrades (both times with sacevahi). The referent of the multiple accusatives in cde is disputed. Oldenberg suggests the sun, in part because sahásrapād- is used of the sun already in AV VII.41.2. Geldner also considers the sun the referent of the accusatives in cd, “den himmlischen, tausendstrahligen, rötlichen (Sūrya),” but separates those in e into a separate constituent (as far as I can tell), “den fehlerlosen, zum Heile führenden (Weg) folgen,” because pāda e is found in VI.51.16ab ápi pánthām aganmahi, svastigā́m anehásam qualifying ‘path’. I prefer to read all the accusatives together and take the path (of VI.51.16) as the referent. This also involves interpreting sahásrapādam as ‘having a thousand steps’, not ‘… a thousand feet’. This recalls vs. 7 “… become comrades at the seven(th) step…,” and I would suggest that the “thousand step” version plays off the previous one, indicating that our comradeship will last even longer. The path itself may be the soma (see disc. of 7) that facilitated the establishment of our comradeship; see 7c.

Lord of the home, fair-helmeted, ascend thy chariot wrought of gold.
We will attend the Heavenly One, the thousand-footed, red of hue, matchless, who blesses where he goes.

Besteige doch, du schönlippiger Hausherr, den goldenen Wagen, dann wollen wir beide dem himmlischen, tausendstrahligen, rötlichen Surya den fehlerlosen, zum Heile führenden Weg folgen.

Besteige, o Hausherr [Indra], der du schönen Helm trägst, den goldenen Wagen, dann wollen wir beide hinstreben zu dem himmlischen, tausendfüssigen, feuerrothen, zum Heile führenden, unvergleichlichen [Agni].

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - बृहती

तं᳓ घेम् इत्था᳓ नमस्वि᳓न
उ᳓प स्वरा᳓जम् आसते
अ᳓र्थं चिद् अस्य सु᳓धितं य᳓द् ए᳓तव
आवर्त᳓यन्ति दाव᳓ने

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M

Morph
gha ← gha (invariable)

īm ← īm (invariable)

itthā́ ← itthā́ (invariable)

namasvínaḥ ← namasvín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

āsate ← √ās- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

svarā́jam ← svarā́j- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

ártham ← ártha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

étave ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

súdhitam ← súdhita- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

āvartáyanti ← √vr̥t- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dāváne ← √dā- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

तम् । घ॒ । ई॒म् । इ॒त्था । न॒म॒स्विनः॑ । उप॑ । स्व॒ऽराज॑म् । आ॒स॒ते॒ ।
अर्थ॑म् । चि॒त् । अ॒स्य॒ । सुऽधि॑तम् । यत् । एत॑वे । आ॒ऽव॒र्तय॑न्ति । दा॒वने॑ ॥

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ghem ← gha
• [adverb]

• ghem ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• itthā
• [adverb]
• “thus; here.”

• namasvina ← namasvinaḥ ← namasvin
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “worshiping; reverent.”

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• svarājam ← svarāj
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “svarāj; Vishnu.”

• āsate ← ās
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “sit; stay; sit down; dwell; lie; lie; exist.”

• arthaṃ ← artham ← artha
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• sudhitaṃ ← sudhitam ← sudhita
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “sudhita [word].”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• etava ← etave ← i
• [verb noun]
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• āvartayanti ← āvartay ← √vṛt
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “āvartay; melt; recite; duplicate; heat; turn; stir; repeat; roll.”

• dāvane ← dā
• [verb noun]
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

तं घ तं खलु ईम् एनमिन्द्रम् इत्था इत्थमनेन प्रकारेण नमस्विनः अन्नवन्तः स्तुतिवन्तो वाध्वर्य्वादयः स्वराजं स्वयं राजमानं वा उप आसते सेवन्ते । तथा कृत्वा अर्थं चित् अरणीयं धनं सुधितं सुष्ठु स्थापितम् अस्य इन्द्रस्य संबन्धिनं प्राप्नुवन्तीति शेषः । कदेति आह । यत् यदा एतवे अस्येन्द्रस्य गमनाय स्वयं प्राप्तुं वा दावने हविर्दानाय आवर्तयन्ति स्तुतयः तदेत्यर्थः । अथवाश्वा वावर्तयन्ति तदेत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“(The priests), presenting praise, thus worship that self-resplendent (Indra); they obtain his well-storedwealth, when (his horsesk) bring him on his way for the offering.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

His horses: or, their praises

Bringing homage, they reverently approach him, their sovereign king, just so.
Just this is his well-set goal when they turn him here to come and
to give. ᳓

With reverence they come hitherward to him as to. a Sovran lord,
That they may bring him near for this man’s good success, to prosper and bestow his gifts.

Ihn erwarten sie hier unter Verbeugungen, den Selbstherrscher. Sein Zweck ist sogar voll erreicht, wenn sie ihn zum Kommen, zum Schenken bewegen.

Denn ihn vor allem, den selbststrahlenden [Indra] verehren die Anbetungsvollen; all sein Werk ist wol eingerichtet, wenn sie ihn herwenden, dass er schenke.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रियमेध
• छन्दः - बृहती

अ᳓नु प्रत्न᳓स्य ओ᳓कसः
प्रिय᳓मेधास एषा᳐म्
पू᳓र्वाम् अ᳓नु प्र᳓यतिं वृक्त᳓बर्हिषो
हित᳓प्रयस आशत

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ánu ← ánu (invariable)

ókasaḥ ← ókas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

pratnásya ← pratná- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

priyámedhāsaḥ ← priyámedha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ánu ← ánu (invariable)

práyatim ← práyati- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pū́rvām ← pū́rva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

vr̥ktábarhiṣaḥ ← vr̥ktábarhis- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

āśata ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

hitáprayasaḥ ← hitáprayas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

अनु॑ । प्र॒त्नस्य॑ । ओक॑सः । प्रि॒यऽमे॑धासः । ए॒षा॒म् ।
पूर्वा॑म् । अनु॑ । प्रऽय॑तिम् । वृ॒क्तऽब॑र्हिषः । हि॒तऽप्र॑यसः । आ॒श॒त॒ ॥

• anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• pratnasyaukasaḥ ← pratnasya ← pratna
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “age-old; pratna [word].”

• pratnasyaukasaḥ ← okasaḥ ← oka
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “home; house; oka [word].”

• priyamedhāsa ← priyamedhāsaḥ ← priyamedha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• pūrvām ← pūrva
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”

• anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• prayatiṃ ← prayatim ← prayati
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “offering.”

• vṛktabarhiṣo ← vṛkta ← vṛj
• [verb noun]

• vṛktabarhiṣo ← barhiṣaḥ ← barhis
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Barhis; barhis [word].”

• hitaprayasa ← hita ← dhā
• [verb noun]
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• hitaprayasa ← prayasaḥ ← prayas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “food; dainty; enjoyment.”

• āśata ← aś
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

अनया स्तुतिमुपसंहरति । एषां देवानामिन्द्रादीनां प्रत्नस्य पुराणस्य ओकसः स्थानस्य पुराणं स्थानं प्रियमेधासः प्रियमेधाः अनु आशत अनुप्राप्ताः । कीदृशाः प्रियमेधाः । पूर्वां मुख्यं प्रयतिं प्रदानम् अनु लक्षीकृत्य वृक्तबर्हिषः स्तीर्णदर्भाः हितप्रयसः आसादितसोमादिहविष्काः ॥ ॥ ७ ॥ ॥ ७ ॥

English translation:

“The Priyamedhas have reached the ancient dwelling plural ce of these deities, having strewn the sacredgrass and plural ced their oblations after the manner of a pre-eminent offering.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Offering: pūrvām anu prayatim:pūrva = mukhya, principal;

Anu = lakṣīkṛtya; after the manner of former offerings

Following the (custom) of their ancient house, the Priyamedhas
with twisted ritual grass, with their pleasing offering set in place, have equaled their previous presentation. ᳓

The Priyamedhas have observed the offering of the men of old,
Of ancient custom, while they strewed the sacred grass, and spread their sacrificial food.

Nach ihrer alten Gewohnheit haben die Priyamedha´s, die das Barhis herumgelegt und das Opfermahl hergerichtet haben, die frühere Schenkung wieder erreicht.

Die Prijamedha’s reichten heran an die frühen Darbringung jener aus dem alten Heimatssitze entsprungenen (Vorfahren), Streu bereitend und Opfer bringend.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रियमेधः
• विराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः