०६५

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

य꣡द् इन्द्र प्रा꣡ग् अ꣡पाग् उ꣡दङ्
नि꣡अग् वा हूय꣡से नृ꣡भिः
आ꣡ याहि तू꣡यम् आशु꣡भिः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ápāk ← ápāñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

prā́k ← prā́ñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

údak ← údañc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

hūyáse ← √hū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

nŕ̥bhiḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

nyàk ← nyàñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vā ← vā (invariable)
{}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

āśúbhiḥ ← āśú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

tū́yam ← tū́ya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yāhi ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

यत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । प्राक् । अपा॑क् । उद॑क् । न्य॑क् । वा॒ । हू॒यसे॑ । नृऽभिः॑ ।
आ । या॒हि॒ । तूय॑म् । आ॒शुऽभिः॑ ॥

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• prāg ← prāk ← prāñc
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “eastern; aforesaid(a); former(a); eastbound; easterly; anterior; forward; prāñc [word].”

• apāg ← apāk ← apāñc
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “backward; apāñc [word]; western.”

• udaṅ ← udak ← udañc
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “northern; northbound; udañc [word]; northerly.”

• nyag ← nyak ← nyāñc
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• hūyase ← hvā
• [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr￤s. Passiv
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• nṛbhiḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yāhi ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• tūyam ← tūya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “quick; fast; potent.”

• āśubhiḥ ← āśu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

हे इन्द्र त्वं नृभिः कर्मनेतृभिरस्मदीयैरध्वर्य्वादिभिः प्राक् वा अपागुदक् वा न्यग्वा यतः कुतश्चित् हूयसे अतः तूयं तूर्णम् आशुभिः आशुगामिभिरश्वैः आ याहि आगच्छ ॥

English translation:

“Whether you are invoked by us, the leaders of rites, from the east, the west, the norh, or the south,come here quickly with your rapid steeds.”

When, Indra, you are being called forward or back, upward or down by men,
drive here straightaway with your swift (horses).

The nominative plural pres. part. gā́yantaḥ in c and the 1st singular huvé in d are grammatically incompatible but conceptually harmonious: this is the usual situation where the poet speaks both for himself and for the group of officiants he represents. Geldner takes abc together and supplies a 1st plural verb (rufen wir), while I assume that the huvé of d has domain over the whole verse, with the plural participle in c a grammatical interruption.

THOUGH, Indra, thou art called by men from east and west, from north and soutb,
Come hither quickly with fleet steeds

Ob du, Indra, im Ost, im West, im Nord oder Süd von Männern gerufen wirst, so komm eilends mit deinen Rennern her!

Wenn, Indra, dich in Ost und West, in Nord und Süd der Priester ruft, So komme mit den Rossen schnell.

Когда, о Индра, на востоке, на западе, на севере
Или юге ты призываешься мужами,
Быстро приезжай на (своих) скакунах!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (ते) तेरे लिये (मानुषे+जने) मुझ मनुष्य के निकट और (पूरुषु) सम्पूर्ण मनुष्यजातियों में (अयम्+सोमः+सूयते) यह तेरा प्रिय सोमयाग किया जाता है, (तस्य+एहि) उसके निकट आ, (प्रद्रव) उसके ऊपर कृपा कर, (पिब) कृपादृष्टि से उसको देख ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - पूर्व ऋचाओं में दिखलाया गया है कि वह किसके याग में जाता है, वह किसके गृह पर जाता है या नहीं। इसमें प्रार्थना है कि हे भगवन् ! समस्त मनुष्यजातियों में तेरी पूजा होती है। तू उस पर कृपा कर। इत्यादि ॥१०॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! ते=त्वदर्थम्। मयि मानुषे जने=मम निकटे तथा पूरुषु=सर्वेषां निकटे। अयं सोमः=तव प्रियो यागः। सूयते=क्रियते। तस्य=तम्। एहि। प्रद्रव। पिब ॥१०॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

य꣡द् वा प्रस्र꣡वणे दिवो꣡
माद꣡यासे सु꣡वर्णरे
य꣡द् वा समुद्रे꣡ अ꣡न्धसः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

prasrávaṇe ← prasrávaṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

vā ← vā (invariable)
{}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mādáyāse ← √mad- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

svàrṇare ← svàrṇara- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ándhasaḥ ← ándhas- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

samudré ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vā ← vā (invariable)
{}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

यत् । वा॒ । प्र॒ऽस्रव॑णे । दि॒वः । मा॒दया॑से । स्वः॑ऽनरे ।
यत् । वा॒ । स॒मु॒द्रे । अन्ध॑सः ॥

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• prasravaṇe ← prasravaṇa
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “waterfall; spring; discharge.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• mādayāse ← māday ← √mad
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “delight; enjoy; intoxicate.”

• svarṇare ← svarṇara
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• samudre ← samudra
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• andhasaḥ ← andhas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “Soma; drink; amṛta.”

यद्वा अथवा दिवः द्युलोकस्य प्रस्रवणे अमृतनिष्यन्दनस्थाने मादयासे माद्यसि । यद्वा स्वर्णरे स्वर्गनयने वा भूलोकेऽन्यस्य यागदेशे माद्यसि । यद्वा अन्धसः। अन्धोऽन्नम्। तेन तत्कारणमुदकं लक्ष्यते । तस्य समुद्रे समुन्दनापादानभूतेऽन्तरिक्षे माद्यसि । तत्र तत्र वर्तमानमपि हुव इत्युत्तरत्र संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“Whether you rejoice in the ambrosia-fountain of heaven, or in some other heavenward-leading sacrifice(on earth), or in the ocean-like firmament of the waters.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ocean-like firmament: andhas = food; water as thecause of food; yadvā samudra andhasas = or, inthe Soma vat

Whether you will bring yourself to exhilaration on the outpouring of heaven in the presence of Svarṇara,
or on the sea of the stalk,

My tr. of pāda b sounds in English like a loc. absol. or a relative clause, but is simply an attempt to keep the pāda together in tr. The acc. suśiprám of course simply picks up the rel. prn. yám that opens the verse.

Geldner tr. ādṛ́tyā as “fürsorglich” and so must assign it to a separate root √dṛ ‘pay heed’. I instead take the form to √dṛ ‘burst, tear’ (a possibility Geldner registers in his n.).

See EWA s.v. DARI for the likelihood that the later ā́√dṛ ‘pay heed’ forms developed as semantic specializations of ‘tear out’.

If in the effluence of heaven, rich in its light, thou takest joy,
Or in the sea in Soma juice.

Oder ob du in Svarnara, am Himmelsquell dich berauschest, oder bei dem Meer von Somasaft,

Und wenn du an des Himmels Strom beim Glanzesherren dich berauschst, Und wenn im Meer am Somatrank,

Или когда в месте излияния неба
В Сварнаре ты опьяняешься,
Или когда в море сомы.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (शर्य्यणावति) इस विनश्वर शरीर में (सुसोमायाम्) इस रसमयी बुद्धि में और (आर्जीकीये) समस्त इन्द्रियों के सहयोग में (अधिश्रितः) आश्रित (ते) तेरे अनुग्रह से (मदिन्तमः) तेरा आनन्दजनक याग सदा हो रहा है। इसको ग्रहण कीजिये ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - याग दो प्रकार के हैं। जो विविध द्रव्यों से किया जाता है, वह बाह्य और जो इस शरीर में बुद्धि द्वारा अनुष्ठित होता है, वह आभ्यन्तर याग है। इसी को मानसिक, आध्यात्मिक आदि भी कहते हैं और यही यज्ञ श्रेष्ठ भी है ॥११॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! शर्य्यणावति=विशरणवति=विनश्वरे शरीरे। सुसोमायां=बुद्धौ। आर्जीकीये=इन्द्रियाणां मध्ये। अधिश्रितः=आश्रितः। ते=तव। मदिन्तमः=प्रियतमः। यज्ञः सर्वदा भवति तं जुषस्वेत्यर्थः ॥११॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ꣡ त्वा गीर्भि꣡र् महा꣡म् उरुं꣡
हुवे꣡ गा꣡म् इव भो꣡जसे
इ꣡न्द्र सो꣡मस्य पीत꣡ये

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

mahā́m ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

urúm ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

bhójase ← √bhuj- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

gā́m ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

huvé ← √hū- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iva ← iva (invariable)
{}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pītáye ← pītí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

sómasya ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

आ । त्वा॒ । गीः॒ऽभिः । म॒हाम् । उ॒रुम् । हु॒वे । गाम्ऽइ॑व । भोज॑से ।
इन्द्र॑ । सोम॑स्य । पी॒तये॑ ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• mahām ← mahat
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• uruṃ ← urum ← uru
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• huve ← hvā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• gām ← go
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• bhojase ← bhuj
• [verb noun]
• “eat; enjoy; consume; eat; love; burn; run down; enjoy; live on.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• somasya ← soma
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• pītaye ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

हे इन्द्र त्वा त्वां गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः हुवे आह्वयामि । कीदृशं त्वाम् । महां महान्तम् उरुं प्रभूतम् । किमर्थम् । सोमस्य पीतये पानाय । ह्वाने दृष्टान्तः। भोजसे भोगाय गामिव ॥

English translation:

“Indra, by my praises I invoke you, great and strong one, to drink the Soma as a bull to eat (his fodder).”

I call you here with songs, you great and broad, like a cow to give sustenance,
and to drink of the soma, Indra.

The first hemistich contains two hapaxes with which Indra is identified.

The meaning and etymology of neither of them can be certainly determined.

The first one, mṛkṣá-, is the easier, because a root etymology suggests itself (though without imposing itself) and because the adjective qualifying it, áśvya- ‘belong to a horse, equine’, narrows the semantic field. If the form belongs to the root √mṛj ‘wipe, groom’, a mṛkṣá- can be a curry comb (so Geldner, EWA s.v. MARJ, both with uncertainty) or other tool for grooming a horse. (The supposed root √mrakṣ ‘comb’ to which Grassmann and AiG II.2.71 assign it does not exist.) Possibly connected is the hapax mrk̥ ṣínī- (X.98.6), where the word seems to describe the tracks on the earth made by a hard rain - possibly envisioned as the regularly spaced impressions left by a comb. Why calling Indra a curry comb would be flattering to the god is not clear. Perhaps it’s one of those cultural mysteries like (semi-)modern Engl. “you’re the cat’s pajamas.” Or perhaps, like the farm implement the harrow, which likewise has teeth and is pulled across land to break up clods, etc., and which has developed in English into a verb expressing the infliction of distress, the curry comb can be conceived of as a weapon.

The second hapax, kī́ja-, is harder, because there is no apparent root etymology, no similar forms attested in the RV, and, although it is also accompanied by an adjective, that particular adj. ‘golden’ (hiraṇyáya-) leaves the field very wide.

Note also that, properly speaking, the velar should have yielded a palatal before ī, but there are enough secondary ki/ī forms to keep this from being a useful diagnostic. Geldner suggests, tentatively, “Sporn” (spur) (sim., and similarly tentative, EWA), but gives no support. I very hesitantly adduce the later (Ep+) kīcaka- ‘hollow bamboo’ and suggest that kī́ja might be a ‘stake’. Note the hiraṇyáyo vetasáḥ “golden reed” in IV.58.5. Being called a golden stake seems a bit better than being a horse’s curry comb.

With songs I call thee, Great and Wide, even as a cow to profit us,
Indra, to drink the Soma-draught.

Dich rufe ich, den Großen, Breiten mit Lobesworten zum Trinken des Soma, Indra, wie die Kuh, daß sie Nahrung gebe.

So ruf’ ich grossen, breiten, dich mit Liedern, wie die Kuh zum Frass, Zum Somatrunk, o Indra her.

Тебя, великого, широкого, я зову
Песнями, как корову, чтоб она насытила,
О Индра, на питье сомы.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हम उपासक (अद्य) आज (चारुम्) परमसुन्दर (तम्) उस परमदेव की स्तुति करते हैं, (राधसे) धन और आराधना के लिये (मदाय) आनन्द के लिये और (घृष्वये) निखिल शत्रु के विनाश के लिये उसकी उपासना करते हैं। (इन्द्र) हे इन्द्र ! वह तू (ईम्) इस समय (एहि) आ, (द्रव) कृपा कर और (पिब) कृपादृष्टि से देख ॥१२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - वयम्। चारुम्=परमसुन्दरम्। तमद्य=तमिन्द्रम् अस्मिन् दिने। राधसे=अन्नाय=आराधनाय वा। मदाय= आनन्दाय। घृष्वये=शत्रूणां विनाशाय च स्तुम इति शेषः। हे इन्द्र ! स त्वम्। एहि। ईम्=इदानीम्। द्रव पिब च ॥१२॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

आ꣡ त इन्द्र महिमा꣡नं
ह꣡रयो देव ते म꣡हः
र꣡थे वहन्तु बि꣡भ्रतः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

mahimā́nam ← mahimán- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

deva ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

hárayaḥ ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

máhaḥ ← máhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

bíbhrataḥ ← √bhr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ráthe ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vahantu ← √vah- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

आ । ते॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । म॒हि॒मान॑म् । हर॑यः । दे॒व॒ । ते॒ । महः॑ ।
रथे॑ । व॒ह॒न्तु॒ । बिभ्र॑तः ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• ta ← te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• mahimānaṃ ← mahimānam ← mahiman
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “greatness; power; mahiman.”

• harayo ← harayaḥ ← hari
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

• deva
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• mahaḥ ← mahas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “greatness; festival; glory; reward; gladness.”

• rathe ← ratha
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• vahantu ← vah
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• bibhrataḥ ← bhṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

हे इन्द्र ते तव महिमानं माहात्म्यं रथे बिभ्रतः धारयन्तः हरयः अश्वाः आ वहन्तु । तथा हे देव ते महः तेजः रथे बिभ्रतोऽश्वा आ वहन्तु। अत्र महिम्नो महसश्च पृथगावहनासंभवात्ताभ्यां विशिष्टं वहन्त्वित्यर्थः । अथवा महिमानं बिभ्रतस्ते त्वां रथे वहन्तु महो बिभ्रतश्च त्वां वहन्विति योज्यम् ॥

English translation:

“Let your steeds, Indra, bearing you in your chariot, bring hither yourmight, (may they bring here) yoursplendour, O divine one.”

Your greatness, Indra, your grandeur, god—let your fallow bays, bearing it, carry it here on your chariot.

Since váśat is a subjunctive, strictly speaking it should be tr. “as he will wish.”

Hither, O Indra, let thy Bays bear up and, bring upon thy car
Thy glory, God! and majesty.

Deine Hoheit, deine Herrlichkeit, Gott Indra, sollen die Falben zu Wagen bringend heranfahren.

Die Füchse mögen, Indra, Gott, herfahren deine Gröss’ und Macht, In deinem Wagen ziehend dich.

Неся с собой на колеснице твое, о Индра, величие,
Твое, о бог, могущество,
Пусть привезут (их нам) буланые кони!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• गायत्री
• षड्जः

पुनरपि इन्द्र की प्रार्थना का विधान करते हैं।

पुनरिन्द्रस्य प्रार्थना विधीयते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - यद्=यद्यपि। हे इन्द्र ! प्राग्=प्राच्याम्। अपाक्=प्रचीत्याम्। उदङ्=उदीच्याम्। न्यक्=नीचैः। वा। नृभिः। त्वं हूयसे। सर्वत्रैव त्वं पूज्यसे। तथापि ममापि गृहम्। आशुभिः=शीघ्रगामिभिः संसारैः सह। तूयं शीघ्रमायाहि ॥१॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इ꣡न्द्र गृणीष꣡ उ स्तुषे꣡
महाँ꣡ उग्र꣡ ईशानकृ꣡त्
आ꣡ इहि नः सुत꣡म् पि꣡ब

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
gr̥ṇīṣé ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

stuṣé ← √stu- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

u ← u (invariable)
{}

īśānakŕ̥t ← īśānakŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mahā́n ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ugráḥ ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

ihi ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

píba ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sutám ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

इन्द्र॑ । गृ॒णी॒षे । ऊं॒ इति॑ । स्तु॒षे । म॒हान् । उ॒ग्रः । ई॒शा॒न॒ऽकृत् ।
आ । इ॒हि॒ । नः॒ । सु॒तम् । पिब॑ ॥

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• gṛṇīṣa ← gṛṇīṣe ← gṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “praise.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• stuṣe ← stu
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• mahāṃ ← mahat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”

• ugra ← ugraḥ ← ugra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

• īśānakṛt ← īśāna ← īś
• [verb noun]
• “govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

• īśānakṛt ← kṛt
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “causing; making; performing; promotive; producing; doing; acting; writing; transforming; effecting.”

• ehi ← e ← √i
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “come; travel.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• sutam ← suta
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma.”

• piba ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

हे इन्द्र त्वं गृणीषे उच्यसे । इदं देहीदं कुर्विति । तथा स्तुषे उ स्तूयसे च । उ इति चार्थे । कीदृशस्त्वम्। महान् गुणैः प्रवृद्धः उग्रः उद्गूर्णबलः ईशानकृत् ऐश्वर्यकर्ता । तादृशस्त्वम् एहि आगच्छ । आगत्य च नः सुतं सोमं पिब ॥

English translation:

“Indra, you are invoked, you are praised, the great, the strong, the wilder of sovereignty; come here anddrink our libation.”

Indra, you are to be hymned and praised: great, powerful, performing the master’s part.
Come to our pressed soma! Drink!

The morphological identity of the forms gṛṇīṣé and stuṣé is disputed. Geldner takes them as 2nd sg. passives (favored also by Oldenberg), though he mentions the possibility that they are 1st sg. -se forms in his n.; Lubotsky identifies them as 1st singulars.

I take them as infinitives rather than 1st sgs, primarily because they are accented.

However, it is possible that a finite verb would bear the accent after the accented initial voc. índra, and that the second form would be accented contrastively, so 1st sg.

is certainly not excluded. Since the “you” of the published translation (/ “dich” of Geldner’s tr.) is not overtly expressed, either interpretation fits the text. ## 066 Indra

Thou, Indra, wouldst be sung and praised as great, strong, lordly in thy deeds
Come hither, drink our Soma juice.

Indra, du wirst gefeiert und gepriesen als der große, gewaltige Reichmacher. Komm, trink unseren Soma!

Dich, Indra, lob’ und preise ich, dich, den Gebieter stark und gross, Komm her und trinke unsern Trank.

Индра достоин воспевания и прославления
Как великий, грозный, власть имеющий.
Иди, пей нашего выжатого (сому)!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

उसी की व्यापकता दिखलाते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे ईश ! (यद्वा) अथवा (स्वर्णरे) प्रकाशमय (दिवः+प्रस्रवणे) सूर्य्य के गमनस्थान में (यद्वा) यद्वा (समुद्रे) अन्तरिक्ष में यद्वा (अन्धसः) अन्नोत्पत्तिकरण पृथिवी के गमनस्थान में अथवा जहाँ-तहाँ सर्वत्र स्थित होकर तू (मादयसे) प्राणिमात्र को आनन्दित कर रहा है, तथापि हम उपासक तेरे शुभागमन के लिये तुझसे प्रार्थना करते हैं ॥२॥

तस्य व्यापकतां दर्शयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे ईश ! यद्वा=अथवा त्वम्। स्वर्णरे=स्वः प्रकाशस्य नेतरि=प्रकाशमये। दिवः=सूर्य्यस्य। प्रस्रवणे= गमनस्थाने। यद्वा। समुद्रे=अन्तरिक्षे। यद्वा। अन्धसः=अन्नस्य=अन्नकारणभूतायाः पृथिव्याः प्रस्रवणे। त्वं स्थित्वा मादयसे। सर्वान् प्राणिन आनन्दयसि। तथापि वयमुपासकास्त्वामागमनाय प्रार्थयामहे ॥२॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सुता꣡वन्तस् तुवा वय꣡म्
प्र꣡यस्वन्तो हवामहे
इदं꣡ नो बर्हि꣡र् आस꣡दे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
sutā́vantaḥ ← sutā́vant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

havāmahe ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

práyasvantaḥ ← práyasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

āsáde ← √sad- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

barhíḥ ← barhís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

idám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

सु॒तऽव॑न्तः । त्वा॒ । व॒यम् । प्रय॑स्वन्तः । ह॒वा॒म॒हे॒ ।
इ॒दम् । नः॒ । ब॒र्हिः । आ॒ऽसदे॑ ॥

• sutāvantas ← sutāvantaḥ ← sutāvat
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• prayasvanto ← prayasvantaḥ ← prayasvat
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “offering.”

• havāmahe ← hvā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• idaṃ ← idam
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• barhir ← barhiḥ ← barhis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “Barhis; barhis [word].”

• āsade ← āsad ← √sad
• [verb noun]
• “approach; attack; sit down; approach; find; arrive.”

सुतावन्तः अभिषुतसोमवन्तः प्रयस्वन्तः चरुपुरोडाशाद्यन्नवन्तश्च वयं त्वा त्वां हवामहे आह्वयामः । किमर्थम् । इदं नः अस्मदीयं बर्हिः बर्हिषि यज्ञे बर्हिषि वा आसदे आसादनाय ॥ ॥ ४६ ॥

English translation:

“Bearing the effused Soma and the sacrificial food, we invoke you, Indra, to sit on our sacred grass.”

We, who have pressed soma and have a pleasing offering, call you to take your seat here upon this our ritual grass.

We who have shed the Soma and prepared the feast are calling thee.
To sit on this our sacred grass.

Bei gepreßtem Soma und Opfergenüssen laden wir dich, auf diese Barhis dich zu setzen.

Wir laden dich mit Trank versehn, wir Speise bringend, Indra, ein, Zu sitzen hier auf unsrer Streu.

Выжимая (сому), готовя жертвенную усладу,
Мы зовем тебя
Сесть тут на нашу жертвенную солому.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (सोमस्य+पीतये) इस संसार की रक्षा के लिये (गीर्भिः) विविध स्तोत्रों से (त्वा) तेरा (आ+हुवे) आवाहन और स्तवन करता हूँ, जो तू (महाम्) महान् और (उरुम्) सर्वत्र व्याप्त है। यहाँ दृष्टान्त देते हैं (भोजसे) घास खिलाने के लिये (गाम्+इव) जैसे गौ को बुलाते हैं ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो महान् और उरु अर्थात् सर्वत्र विस्तीर्ण है, वह स्वयं संसार की रक्षा में प्रवृत्त है, तथापि प्रेमवश भक्तजन उसका आह्वान और प्रार्थना करते हैं ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! सोमस्य=संसारस्य। पीतये=रक्षणाय। “ईश्वरपक्षे सोमः संसारः सूयते सृज्यत इति सोमः। पीतिः=पानम्=पालनम्। पा रक्षणे”। त्वा=त्वाम्। गीर्भिः=स्तुतिभिः। आ+हुवे=आह्वयामि=स्तौमि। कीदृशम्। महाम्=महान्तम् उरुम्। सर्वत्र विस्तीर्णम्। अत्र दृष्टान्तः। भोजसे=भोगाय गामिव ॥३॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

य꣡च् चिद् धि꣡ श꣡श्वताम् अ꣡सि
इ꣡न्द्र सा꣡धारणस् तुव꣡म्
तं꣡ त्वा वयं꣡ हवामहे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
ási ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

cit ← cit (invariable)
{}

hí ← hí (invariable)
{}

śáśvatām ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sā́dhāraṇaḥ ← sā́dhāraṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

havāmahe ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

यत् । चि॒त् । हि । शश्व॑ताम् । असि॑ । इन्द्र॑ । साधा॑रणः । त्वम् ।
तम् । त्वा॒ । व॒यम् । ह॒वा॒म॒हे॒ ॥

• yac ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• ciddhi ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• ciddhi ← hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• śaśvatām ← śaśvat
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “all(a); each(a).”

• asīndra ← asi ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• asīndra ← indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• sādhāraṇas ← sādhāraṇaḥ ← sādhāraṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “general; sādhāraṇa; common; average; general.”

• tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• vayaṃ ← vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• havāmahe ← hvā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

हे इन्द्र त्वं यच्चिद्धि यस्मात् खलु शश्वतां बहूनां यजमानानां साधारणः असि । चिदिति पूरणः । हीति प्रसिद्धौ । तं तादृशं साधारणं त्वा त्वां वयं हवामहे आह्वयामः । इतरेभ्यः पूर्वमिति भावः ॥

English translation:

“Because you are common to many worshippers, therefore, Indra, we invoke you.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

I.e. we invoke youbefore the others

Even though you are the support common to each and every one, Indra, we summon you to us.

The balance of opinion (Grassmann, Kümmel, Lubotsky, etc.) takes apīpema to √pī ‘swell’, which morphologically makes sense. But Geldner seems to take it rather as a redupl. aor.

to √pā ‘drink’ (“Wir haben ihn … hier getränkt…”), though without explicitly saying so. See also the very parallel passage VIII.99.1, with ápīpyan. Despite the difficulties (amply treated by Kümmel), I prefer to associate these two forms with √pā.

The transitive -áya-formation pāyáyati ‘makes drink’ is well attested in the RV. It is a little difficult to figure out what a corresponding reduplicated aorist should look like. Since √pā is not an orthodox long-ā root, it doesn’t make a p-causative (type sthāpayati) and therefore would not import the -p- into the redupl. aorist (type átiṣṭhipat). One might expect, based on its -áya-stem, to produce *ápīpayat if thematic (type dīdharat) and *ápīpet (type dīdhar[t]) if athematic, with the weak form to be expected *ápīpima. Whether the form belongs to pī or pā, the full-grade in the root syllable of this form must be secondary, and if it’s not a problem to extend the full grade to the weak form of pī, it should likewise be unproblematic with pā. It is true, however, that the ‘swell’ root is possible and that the forms of the perfect of √pī and the putative redupl. aor. of √pā would be hopelessly mixed up formally and not terribly separate semantically. For ápīpyan in VIII.99.1 see disc. there.

As, Indra, thou art evermore the common Lord of all alike,
As such we invocate thee now.

Denn ob du, Indra, zwar all den Vielen gemeinsam bist, so rufen wir dich doch.

Weil du Gemeingut aller bist, sie alle stützend immerdar, So rufen, Indra, wir dich an.

И хотя ты бываешь
Общим для всех, о Индра,
Тебя призываем мы!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमैश्वर्य्यसम्पन्न (देव) हे देव भगवन् ! (ते) तेरे (महिमानम्) महिमा को और (ते+महः) तेरे तेज को (बिभ्रतः) धारण करते हुए ये (हरयः) परस्पर हरणशील सूर्य्यादिलोक तुझको (रथे) रमणीय संसार में (वहन्तु) प्रकाशित करें ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यों ! ईश्वर की महिमा इस संसार में देखो। इसी में यह विराजमान है। यह इससे उपदेश देते हैं ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! हे देव ! ते=तव महिमानम्=महत्त्वम्। ते=तव। महस्तेजञ्च। बिभ्रतः=धारयन्तः। इमे=हरयः=परस्परहरणशीलाः सूर्य्यादयो लोका इन्द्रियाणि च। त्वाम्। रथे=रमणीये=संसारे। आवहन्तु=प्रकाशयन्तु ॥४॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

इदं꣡ ते सोमिय꣡म् म꣡धु
अ꣡धुक्षन्न् अ꣡द्रिभिर् न꣡रः
जुषाण꣡ इन्द्र त꣡त् पिब

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
idám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mádhu ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

somyám ← somyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

ádhukṣan ← √duh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ádribhiḥ ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

náraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

juṣāṇáḥ ← √juṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

piba ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

इ॒दम् । ते॒ । सो॒म्यम् । मधु॑ । अधु॑क्षन् । अद्रि॑ऽभिः । नरः॑ ।
जु॒षा॒णः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । तत् । पि॒ब॒ ॥

• idaṃ ← idam
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• somyam ← somya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “saumya.”

• madhv ← madhu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• adhukṣann ← adhukṣan ← duh
• [verb], plural, sa aorist (Ind.)
• “milk.”

• adribhir ← adribhiḥ ← adri
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• naraḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• juṣāṇa ← juṣāṇaḥ ← juṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• piba ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

हे इन्द्र ते त्वदर्थम् इदं सोम्यं सोमसंबन्धि मधु अधुक्षन् अद्रिभिः ग्रावभिरभिषवसाधनैः नरः अस्मदीया अध्वर्य्वादयः । हे इन्द्र तत् मधु जुषाणः प्रीयमाणः पिब ॥

English translation:

“The priests have milked for you with their stones this nectar of the Soma; drink it, Indra, well plural ased.”

Here is the somian honey for you—the men have milked it out with stones. Finding enjoyment, Indra, drink it!

Geldner takes the wolf of ab as a simile, compared with the unexpressed Indra: “Wie der wilde Wolf … wartet er auf seine Zeiten.” But this requires taking cid as a simile marker, which I am loath to do. I consider it a general statement about nature — wolves follow their own patterns, however much they appear to be acting randomly. Indra, though he is apparently uncontrollable, attends to our ritual patterns and will come when called (which is similar to what vs. 7 says – same yesterday, same today). So, although the behavior of the wolf is a point of comparison for Indra’s behavior, it is not a simile in the narrow sense. A similar comparison but in a real simile is found in VIII.33.8 … mr̥gó ná vāraṇáḥ, purutrā́caráthaṃ dadhe “Like a wild elephant he has established his wandering [= his territory] in many places,” where Indra is compared to a wild beast and the territory is somewhat like the vayúna- here.

On ā́√bhūṣ with vayúna-, see I.182.1.

Geldner takes d as a separate clause, apparently supplying a form of √cit ‘appear’ (“erscheine …”), presumably based on citráyā and to be construed with prá.

Although the position of prá is suggestive, I do not see that separating the pādas is necessary, since d fits easily with c.

The men with stones have milked for thee this nectar of the Soma juice:
Indra, be pleased with it, and drink.

Diese somische Süßigkeit haben dir die Männer mit Steinen herausgemolken; die trinke mit Genuß, Indra!

Mit Steinen haben Männer dir gemolken diesen süssen Trank, O Indra, trinke ihn mit Lust.

Эту сладость сомы
Мужи выдоили для тебя камнями.
Пей ее, Индра, наслаждаясь!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे इन्द्र भगवन् ! तू (गृणीषे) सबसे गीयमान होता है अर्थात् तेरी कीर्ति को सब ही गाते बजाते हैं, (उ) निश्चय करके (महान्) तुझको महान् (उग्रः) न्यायदृष्टि से भयंकर और (ईशानकृत्) ऐश्वर्य्ययुत धनदाता मान कर (स्तुषे) स्तुति करते हैं, वह तू (नः+एहि) हमारे निकट आ और (सुतम्+पिब) इस सृष्टि संसार को उपद्रवों से बचा ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ईश्वर सबसे महान् है और वही धन का भी स्वामी है और उग्र भी है, क्योंकि उसके निकट पापी नहीं ठहर सकते, अतः उसकी स्तुति प्रार्थना अवश्य करनी चाहिये ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! त्वं सर्वैः। गृणीषे=ग्रियसे गीयसे। उ=निश्चयेन। त्वं स्तुषे=स्तूयसे। त्वं महान्। उग्रः। ईशानकृत्=ऐश्वर्य्यकृदसि। नोऽस्मानेहि। सुतं सृष्टं जगत्। पिब=रक्ष ॥५॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

वि꣡श्वाँ अर्यो꣡ विपश्चि꣡तो
अ꣡ति ख्यस् तू꣡यम् आ꣡ गहि
अस्मे꣡ धेहि श्र꣡वो बृह꣡त्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).;; repeated line

Morph
aryáḥ ← arí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

vipaścítaḥ ← vipaścít- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

víśvān ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

áti ← áti (invariable)
{}

gahi ← √gam- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

khyaḥ ← √khyā- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

tū́yam ← tū́ya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asmé ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

br̥hát ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dhehi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

विश्वा॑न् । अ॒र्यः । वि॒पः॒ऽचितः॑ । अति॑ । ख्यः॒ । तूय॑म् । आ । ग॒हि॒ ।
अ॒स्मे इति॑ । धे॒हि॒ । श्रवः॑ । बृ॒हत् ॥

• viśvāṃ ← viśvān ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• aryo ← aryaḥ ← ari
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine

• vipaścito ← vipaścitaḥ ← vipaścit
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “wise; expert.”

• ’ti ← ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• khyas ← khyaḥ ← khyā
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “name; describe; call; enumerate; watch; know.”

• tūyam ← tūya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “quick; fast; potent.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• gahi ← gam
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• asme ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• dhehi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• śravo ← śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• bṛhat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

हे इन्द्र अर्यः स्वामी त्वं विश्वान् विपश्चितः स्तोतॄन् अति ख्यः अतिक्रम्य पश्य । तदर्थं तूयं क्षिप्रम् आ गहि । आगत्य च अस्मे अस्मासु बृहत् श्रवः अन्नं यशो वा धेहि ॥

English translation:

“Do you, the lord, pass by all other worshippers and come quickly to us, and bestow on us abundantfood.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Food: śravas, may also mean glory

Look beyond all the strangers who are also attentive to poetic
inspiration. Come here straightaway.
Place lofty fame in us.

Because asya is unaccented, it needs to be construed separately from índrasya. So also Geldner

Neglect all pious men with skill in sacred song: come hitherward,
With speed, and give us high renown.

Alle Redekundigen, auch die hohen Herrn, sollst du unbeachtet lassen. Komm eilends her; uns bring hohen Ruhm!

O übergeh die Sänger all, die feindlich sind und komme schnell, Verleihe du uns hohen Ruhm.

Не обращай внимание на всех
Чужих прозорливцев! Быстро приходи!
Нам дай высокую славу!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! (सुतावन्तः) सदा शुभकर्मपरायण और (प्रयस्वन्तः) दरिद्रों के देने के लिये और अग्निहोत्रादि कर्म करने के लिये सब प्रकार के अन्न और सामग्रियों से सम्पन्न होकर (वयम्) हम उपासक (नः) हमारे (इदम्+बर्हिः) इस हृदयप्रदेश में (आसदे) प्राप्त होने के लिये (त्वाम्) तुझको (हवामहे) बुलाते और स्तुति करते हैं ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सुतावन्तः=इससे यह दिखलाते हैं कि प्रथम शुभकर्मी बनो, प्रयस्वन्तः=तब सकल सामग्रीसम्पन्न होओ, तब तुम ईश्वर को बुलाने के अधिकारी होवोगे ॥६॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! सुतावन्तः=शुभकर्मवन्तः। प्रयस्वन्तः= समिदादिसामग्रीसम्पन्नाः। वयम्। नोऽस्माकं इदम्। बर्हिः=हृदयप्रदेशम्। आसदे=आसत्तुं=प्राप्तुम्। हवामहे= आह्वयामः। स्तुमः ॥६॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

दाता꣡ मे पृ꣡षतीनां᳐
रा꣡जा हिरण्यवी꣡ना᳐म्
मा꣡ देवा मघ꣡वा रिषत्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
dātā́ ← dātár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

me ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

pŕ̥ṣatīnām ← pŕ̥ṣant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

hiraṇyavī́nām ← hiraṇyavī́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

rā́jā ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

devāḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)
{}

maghávā ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

riṣat ← √riṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

दा॒ता । मे॒ । पृष॑तीनाम् । राजा॑ । हि॒र॒ण्य॒ऽवीना॑म् ।
मा । दे॒वाः॒ । म॒घऽवा॑ । रि॒ष॒त् ॥

• dātā ← dā
• [verb], singular, periphrast. future
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• me ← mad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “I; mine.”

• pṛṣatīnāṃ ← pṛṣatīnām ← pṛṣatī
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine

• rājā ← rājan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• hiraṇyavīnām ← hiraṇyavī
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• devā ← devāḥ ← deva
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• maghavā ← maghavan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “big.”

• riṣat ← riṣ
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “suffer; harm.”

हिरण्यवीनां हिरण्यवीतानां पृषतीनां राजा इन्द्रः मे दाता भवतु । हे देवाः मघवा इन्द्रः मा रिषत् रिष्टो मा भवतु ॥

English translation:

“May (Indra) the king give me cows adorned with gold; O gods, let not Maghavan be harmed.”

The king is a giver to me—of dappled cows (with horns) wrapped in gold. Let the bounteous patron not suffer harm, o gods.

My interpretation of pāda a is quite different from Geldner’s and starts from the rhetorical structure of the four questions in vss. 9-10. Three of these (9ab, 9cd, 10b) are negative questions, in which the negative is part of the predicate: 9a ákr̥tam, 9c ná śuśruve, 10b ástrtam̥ . 10a also contains a negation, ádhṛṣtāḥ, but in Geldner’s tr. it is not predicated: “Was sind seine grossen, unangreifbaren Kräfte?” Furthermore his tr.

implicitly equates neut. sg. kád with fem. pl. táviṣīḥ. These problems can be fixed by taking kád as a question marker, not an interrogative pronoun, and by assuming that the powers in question are not Indra’s (as Geldner takes them), but those of Indra’s enemies. The implied answer to the rhetorical question is “no, there exist no powers that Indra can’t assail.” For táviṣī belonging to others, see, e.g., I.80.10 índro vṛtrásya táviṣīṃ nír ahan … The hapax bekanā́ṭa- is an almost textbook example of non-Indo-Aryan phonology (see Kuiper, Aryans), and it seems safest to take it as the name of a people, rather than in the traditional interpretation (going back to the Nirukta VI.26 bekanāṭāḥ khalu kusīdino bhavanti) as “Wucherer” (usurer, profiteer) as Geldner does.

For disc. see KEWA and EWA s.v. ### 11 ápūrvyā [sic, not, as in Aufrecht and Holland & van Nooten Rig Veda edition, ápūrvya] and purūtámāsaḥ play off each other. We may be the latest of many, but our formulations have no predecessors - a variation on the usual theme of the “newest hymn.”

Gods, may the mighty rest unharmed, the King who gives me spotted kine,
Kine decked with golden ornaments.

Der König gab mir scheckige, mit Gold umwundene Kühe. Nicht soll, ihr Götter, der Freigebige zu Schaden kommen.

Der reiche König, ein Geber mir von buntgefleckten, Goldschmuck tragenden Stuten, möge nicht Schaden leiden.

Царь, подаривший мне
Пятнистых покрытым Золотов (коров),
Да не потерпит он, щедрый, вреда!

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• विराड्गायत्री
• षड्जः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे ईश ! (यद्) जिस कारण (शश्वताम्) सदा स्थायी मनुष्यसमाजों का (त्वम्+साधारणः) तू साधारण=समान स्वामी (अस्ति) है (हि) यह प्रसिद्ध और (चित्) निश्चय है, इस कारण (तम्+त्वाम्) उस तुझको (वयम्+हवामहे) हम सब अपने शुभकर्मों में बुलाते और स्तुति करते हैं ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - शश्वताम्=इसका अर्थ चिरन्तन और सदा स्थायी है। मनुष्यसमाज प्रवाहरूप से अविनश्वर है, अतः यह शाश्वत है। परमात्मा सबका साधारण पोषक है, इसमें सन्देह स्थल ही नहीं, अतः प्रत्येक शुभकर्म में प्रथम उसी का स्मरण, कीर्त्तन, पूजन व प्रार्थना करना उचित है ॥७॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! यद्=यस्मात् कारणात्। शश्वताम्=सदा स्थायिनां मनुष्यसमाजानाम्। त्वम्+साधारणः=समानः। अस्ति। हीति प्रसिद्धमेतत्। चिदिति निश्चितम्। तस्मात्तं त्वा वयं हवामहे ॥७॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

सह꣡स्रे पृ꣡षतीना᳐म्
अ꣡धि श्चन्द्र꣡म् बृह꣡त् पृथु꣡
शुक्रं꣡ हि꣡रण्यम् आ꣡ ददे

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
pŕ̥ṣatīnām ← pŕ̥ṣant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

sahásre ← sahásra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)
{}

br̥hát ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pr̥thú ← pr̥thú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

ścandrám ← ścandrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

dade ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

híraṇyam ← híraṇya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śukrám ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

स॒हस्रे॑ । पृष॑तीनाम् । अधि॑ । च॒न्द्रम् । बृ॒हत् । पृ॒थु ।
शु॒क्रम् । हिर॑ण्यम् । आ । द॒दे॒ ॥

• sahasre ← sahasra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• pṛṣatīnām ← pṛṣatī
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• ścandram ← ścandra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “shining; glistening; brilliant.”

• bṛhat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• pṛthu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “broad; wide; great; flat; pṛthu [word]; far.”

• śukraṃ ← śukram ← śukra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

• hiraṇyam ← hiraṇya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “gold; jewelry; hiraṇya [word]; gold.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• dade ← dā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

अहं पृषतीनां गवां सहस्रे अधि उपरि धारितं बृहत् महत् पृथु विस्तृतं चन्द्रम् आह्लादकं शुक्रं निर्मलं हिरण्यमा ददे स्वीकरोमीन्द्रेणानीतम् ॥

English translation:

“Upon a thousand cows I obtain gold, abundant, delightful, wide-spread, and pure.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Upon a thousandcows I obtain gold: as if the cows came as it were laden with gold from Indra

On top of the thousand dappled cows, I took glistening, lofty, wide, gleaming gold.

Beside a thousand spotted kine I have received a gift of gold,
Pure, brilliant, and exceeding great.

Zu den tausend scheckigen Kühen habe ich noch gleißendes, hohes, breites, lichtes Gold bekommen.

Auf den tausend gefleckten Stuten liegt grosser, ausgedehnter, glänzender Schatz, leuchtendes Gold habe ich empfangen.

Сверх тысячи пятнистых (коров)
Я получил (еще) блестящий, мощный,
Широкий, светлый, (слиток) золота.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः

प्रथम अन्नादिक सब वस्तु परमात्मा को समर्पणीय हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इन्द्र) हे परमदेव ईश्वर ! (नरः) कर्मतत्त्ववित् कर्मपरायण जन (ते) तेरे लिये (इदम्+सोम्यम्+मधु) इस सोमसम्बन्धी मधुर रस को (अद्रिभिः) शिला द्वारा (अधुक्षन्) निकालते हैं। (तत्) उसको (जुषाणः) प्रसन्न होकर (पिब) ग्रहण कीजिये ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इससे यह शिक्षा दी जाती है कि पर्वत के टुकड़ों से अन्न प्रस्तुत करने के लिये अनेक साधन बनाने चाहियें, जैसे चक्री और मसाला आदि पीसने के लिये शिला और खल बनाए जाते हैं। जब-२ कोई नूतन वस्तु प्रस्तुत हो, तब-२ ईश्वर के नाम पर प्रथम उस वस्तु को रक्खे, तब सब मिल कर ग्रहण करें। अग्नि में होमना यह सहजोपाय है ॥८॥

प्रथममन्नादि सर्वं वस्तु परमात्मने समर्पणीयम्।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे इन्द्र ! नरः=कर्मनेतारो जनाः। ते=त्वदर्थम्। इदं+सोम्यं=सोमसम्बन्धि। मधु=मधुरं वस्तु। अद्रिभिः सह। अधुक्षन्=दुग्धवन्तः। तत्। जुषाणः=प्रसीदन्। पिब=गृहाण ॥८॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - प्रगाथः काण्वः
• छन्दः - गायत्री

न꣡पातो दुर्ग꣡हस्य मे
सह꣡स्रेण सुरा꣡धसः
श्र꣡वो देवे꣡षु अक्रत

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).
genre M;; Oldenberg’s gāyatrī-corpus, cf. Oldenberg (1888: 9f.).

Morph
durgáhasya ← durgáha- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

me ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

nápātaḥ ← nápat- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sahásreṇa ← sahásra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

surā́dhasaḥ ← surā́dhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

akrata ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

devéṣu ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

नपा॑तः । दुः॒ऽगह॑स्य । मे॒ । स॒हस्रे॑ण । सु॒ऽराध॑सः ।
श्रवः॑ । दे॒वेषु॑ । अ॒क्र॒त॒ ॥

• napāto ← napātaḥ ← napāt
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “grandson; nephew; napāt [word].”

• durgahasya ← durgaha
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine

• me ← mad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “I; mine.”

• sahasreṇa ← sahasra
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• surādhasaḥ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• surādhasaḥ ← rādhasaḥ ← rādhas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

• śravo ← śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• deveṣv ← deveṣu ← deva
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• akrata ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

नपातः अरक्षितस्य दुर्गहस्य दुःखं गाहमानस्य मे संबन्धिनो जनाः सहस्रेण अपरिमितेनेन्द्रदत्तेन गवादिधनेन सुराधसः सुधनाः सन्तः देवेषु प्रीतेषु । इन्द्रे प्रीत इत्यर्थः । श्रवः अन्नं यशो वा अक्रत । अलभन्तेत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ ४७ ॥

English translation:

“plural nged as I am in sorrow, my children, by the favour of the gods, obtain food, and are blessed withabundance in a thousand cattle.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Napātaḥ = arakṣitasya; destitute of a protector as I am and plural nged in sorrow,(my dependants) by the favour of the godṣ.

The descendants of Durgaha, very generous with a thousand for me, have made fame for themselves among the gods.

Geldner and Oldenberg make heavier weather of ab than seems necessary, motivated in part by tvé rather than tvā in a and the positioning of the verb in b rather than a, near to ūtáyaḥ. Geldner supplies a form of √dhā in a, “Zwar werden viele Hoffnungen auf dich (gesetzt),” and takes hávante as passive, “und werden deine Hilfen … angerufen.” But the stem háva- is overwhelmingly transitive. Oldenberg suggests taking ūtáyaḥ as accusative pl., which would do even more violence to the grammar. I take the subject of hávante to be āśásaḥ ‘hopes’. As for tvé: although √hū ordinarily takes the accusative, I can imagine a locatival tvé in a more distanced usage: they call towards you, but they do not actually succeed. (Alternatively the tvé could have been influenced by tvé in 13a, in the same metrical position, though metrically distracted.) I then take ūtáyaḥ as a separate existential clause.

Durgaha’s grandsons, giving me a thousand kine, munificent,
Have won renown among the Gods.

Die Enkel des Durgaha, die mit Tausend freigebig gegen mich sind, haben sich bei den Göttern guten Ruf erworben.

Die Enkel des Durgaha mich tausendfach herrlich beschenkend, haben sich Ruhm bei den Göttern verschafft.

Внуки Дургахи, очень щедрые
Ко мне благодаря (своей) тысяче,
Создали себе славу среди богов.

• इन्द्र:
• प्रगाथः काण्वः
• निचृद्गायत्री
• षड्जः