०५३

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - बृहती

उपमं᳓ त्वा मघो᳓नां᳐
ज्ये᳓ष्ठं च वृषभा᳓णा᳐म्
पूर्भि᳓त्तमम् मघवन्न् इन्द्र गोवि᳓दम्
ई᳓शानं राय᳓ ईमहे

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya;; repeated line

Morph
maghónām ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

upamám ← upamá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)

jyéṣṭham ← jyéṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣabhā́ṇām ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

govídam ← govíd- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

maghavan ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pūrbhíttamam ← pūrbhíttama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

īmahe ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ī́śānam ← √īś- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, voice:MED}

rāyáḥ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{gender:M}

उ॒प॒ऽमम् । त्वा॒ । म॒घोना॑म् । ज्येष्ठ॑म् । च॒ । वृ॒ष॒भाणा॑म् ।
पू॒र्भित्ऽत॑मम् । म॒घ॒ऽव॒न् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । गो॒ऽविद॑म् । ईशा॑नम् । रा॒यः । ई॒म॒हे॒ ॥

• upamaṃ ← upamam ← upama
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “best; topmost.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• maghonāṃ ← maghonām ← maghavan
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “big.”

• jyeṣṭhaṃ ← jyeṣṭham ← jyeṣṭha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• vṛṣabhāṇām ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

• pūrbhittamam ← pūrbhittama
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• maghavann ← maghavan
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; maghavan [word].”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• govidam ← go
• [noun], masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• govidam ← vidam ← vid
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “finding.”

• īśānaṃ ← īśānam ← īś
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

• rāya ← rāyaḥ ← rai
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• īmahe ← ī ← √i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “beg; solicit.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“We come to you, O Maghavan Indra, the highest of Maghavans, the strong of bulls, the mightiestbreakere of forts, the provider of kine, the lord of wealth.”

You, the best of bounteous ones and most preeminent of bulls,
best stronghold-splitter, o bounteous Indra, finder of cows, lord of
wealth do we beseech for wealth.

On rāyáḥ see VIII.46.6.

Dich, den obersten der Freigebigen und den Größten der Bullen, den ersten Burgenbrecher, freigebiger Indra, den Kuhfinder, den Reichen bitten wir um Reichtümer.

Als herrlichsten der Mächtigen, und als der Stiere trefflichsten, Als Reichthumsherrn, der Burgen bricht und Kühe schafft, o mächt’ger Indra, flehn wir dich.

Тебя, высшего из щедрых покровителей
И лучшего из быков,
Лучше всех проламывающего крепости, о щедрый Индра, находящего коров,
Владыку мы просим о богатствах.

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• विराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

य᳓ आयुं᳓ कु᳓त्सम् अतिथिग्व᳓म् अ᳓र्दयो
वावृधानो᳓ दिवे᳓-दिवे
तं᳓ त्वा वयं᳓ ह᳓रिअश्वं शत᳓क्रतुं
वाजय᳓न्तो हवामहे

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya;; repeated line

Morph
árdayaḥ ← √r̥d- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

atithigvám ← atithigvá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

āyúm ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kútsam ← kútsa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

divé-dive ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

vāvr̥dhānáḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

háryaśvam ← háryaśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śatákratum ← śatákratu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

havāmahe ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vājayántaḥ ← √vājay- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

यः । आ॒युम् । कुत्स॑म् । अ॒ति॒थि॒ऽग्वम् । अर्द॑यः । व॒वृ॒धा॒नः । दि॒वेऽदि॑वे ।
तम् । त्वा॒ । व॒यम् । हरि॑ऽअश्वम् । श॒तऽक्र॑तुम् । वा॒ज॒ऽयन्तः॑ । ह॒वा॒म॒हे॒ ॥

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• āyuṃ ← āyum ← āyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• kutsam ← kutsa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Kutsa; kutsa [word].”

• atithigvam ← atithigva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• ardayo ← ardayaḥ ← arday ← √ṛd
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “afflict; afflict; affect; distress; torment; impel; grind; suffer.”

• vāvṛdhāno ← vāvṛdhānaḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• dive ← diva
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “day; sky; Svarga.”

• dive ← diva
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “day; sky; Svarga.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• vayaṃ ← vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• haryaśvaṃ ← haryaśvam ← haryaśva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; Haryaśva.”

• śatakratuṃ ← śatakratum ← śatakratu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra.”

• vājayanto ← vājayantaḥ ← vājay ← √vaj
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “incite.”

• havāmahe ← hvā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“You who, waxing in might day by day, did destroy Āyu, Kutsa, and Atithigva, we invoke you,Śatakratu, with your bay horses, rousing you by our offerings.”

You who set Āyu, Kutsa, Atithigva to shaking, while growing stronger every day,
you do we invoke, seeking prizes—you of the fallow bay horses,
possessing a hundred resolves.

Der du den Ayu, den Kutsa, den Atithigva nachgiebig machtest, Tag für Tag stärker geworden, als solchen rufen wir dich nach dem Siegerpreis strebend, den Falbenfahrer, den Ratreichen.

Der Aju, Kutsa und den Atithigva du bedrängt hast, wachsend Tag für Tag, Der hundertfach du wirkst mit goldnem Rossepaar, dich rufen Labung bringend wir.

Кто извел Аю, Кутсу, Атитхигву,
Сам крепчая день ото дня,
Тебя, такого, повелителя буланых коней, стоумного,
Мы зовем, жаждя награды.

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - बृहती

आ᳓ नो वि᳓श्वेषां᳐ र᳓सम्
म᳓ध्वः सिञ्चन्तु अ᳓द्रयः
ये᳓ पराव᳓ति सुन्विरे᳓ ज᳓नेषु आ᳓
ये᳓ अर्वाव᳓ति इ᳓न्दवः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

rásam ← rása- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

víśveṣām ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:PL}

ádrayaḥ ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

siñcantu ← √sic- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

jáneṣu ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

parāváti ← parāvát- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

sunviré ← √su- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

arvāváti ← arvāvát- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

índavaḥ ← índu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

आ । नः॒ । विश्वे॑षाम् । रस॑म् । मध्वः॑ । सि॒ञ्च॒न्तु॒ । अद्र॑यः ।
ये । प॒रा॒ऽवति॑ । सु॒न्वि॒रे । जने॑षु । आ । ये । अ॒र्वा॒ऽवति॑ । इन्द॑वः ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• viśveṣāṃ ← viśveṣām ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• rasam ← rasa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “mercury; juice; medicine; rasa; alchemy; liquid; Rasa; mahārasa; taste; broth; elixir; resin; rasa; essence; six; water; soup; liquid body substance; rasa; formulation; myrrh; rasa [word]; amṛta; purpose; delight; solution; milk; beverage; alcohol; sap; nectar; Rasātala.”

• madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• siñcantv ← siñcantu ← sic
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “submerge; sprinkle; pour; wet; decant; impregnate.”

• adrayaḥ ← adri
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• parāvati ← parāvat
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “distance; distance; distance.”

• sunvire ← su
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “press out; su.”

• janeṣv ← janeṣu ← jana
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• arvāvatīndavaḥ ← arvāvati ← arvāvat
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine

• arvāvatīndavaḥ ← indavaḥ ← indu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“Let the stones our forth the Soma for us all, the Soma-drops which have been pressed by men afar ornear.”

Let the stones pour out the honey’s juice of all of us—
the drops that have been pressed in the distance among (other) peoples, and those that have been pressed nearby.

Geldner takes víśveṣāṃ as referring to the soma drops (“… den Saft des Honigs all der Somasäfte”), and this interpretation has the advantage of providing a plural referent in the main clause for plural yé … índavaḥ in the relative clause.

Nonetheless, I take it instead as qualifying naḥ ‘us’, to indicate the totality of the Ārya sacrificial community, near and far, as described in cd (and also 4cd). As indicated in comments on the previous Vālakhilya hymns, improper relatives abound, with mismatch between number and person, and so the lack of a plural referent for yé … índavaḥ would not be problematic. However, Geldner’s interpretation is certainly possible.

Die Preßsteine sollen uns den Saft des Honigs all der Somasäfte ergießen, die in der Ferne bei anderen Völkern, die in der Nähe gepreßt werden.

Ergiessen soll der Steine Schar uns aller Indu’s Honigsaft, Der Somatränke, die in weiter Ferne dort und nahe hier gekeltert sind.

Пусть давильные камни нальют нам соку
Меду из всех капель сомы,
Которые выжимаются далеко у (других) людей,
(И) которые вблизи (у нас).

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• पाद्निचृत्पथ्याबृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

वि᳓श्वा द्वे᳓षांसि जहि᳓ चा᳓व चा᳓ कृधि
वि᳓श्वे सन्वन्तु आ᳓ व᳓सु
शी᳓ष्टेषु चित् ते मदिरा᳓सो अंश᳓वो
य᳓त्रा सो᳓मस्य तृम्प᳓सि

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya;; repeated line

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

áva ← áva (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

dvéṣāṁsi ← dvéṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

jahí ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

kr̥dhi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

víśvā ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

sanvantu ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vásu ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

víśve ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{gender:N}

aṁśávaḥ ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

cit ← cit (invariable)

madirā́saḥ ← madirá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śī́ṣṭeṣu ← śī́ṣṭa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

sómasya ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

tr̥mpási ← √tr̥p- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yátra ← yátra (invariable)

विश्वा॑ । द्वेषां॑सि । ज॒हि । च॒ । अव॑ । च॒ । आ । कृ॒धि॒ । विश्वे॑ । स॒न्व॒न्तु॒ । आ । वसु॑ ।
शीष्टे॑षु । चि॒त् । ते॒ । म॒दि॒रासः॑ । अं॒शवः॑ । यत्र॑ । सोम॑स्य । तृ॒म्पसि॑ ॥

• viśvā ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• dveṣāṃsi ← dveṣas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “hostility; enemy.”

• jahi ← han
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• cāva ← ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• cāva ← ava
• [adverb]
• “down.”

• cā ← ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• kṛdhi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• viśve ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• sanvantv ← sanvantu ← san
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “win; get; gain.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• vasu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

• śīṣṭeṣu ← śīṣṭa
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• madirāso ← madirāsaḥ ← madira
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “intoxicant.”

• aṃśavo ← aṃśavaḥ ← aṃśu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• yatrā ← yatra
• [adverb]
• “wherein; once [when].”

• somasya ← soma
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• tṛmpasi ← tṛp
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “satiate; enjoy; delight.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“Smite all our enemies and drive them away, may we all obtain their wealth; even amont the Śīṣṭasare you exhilarating Soma-stalks, where you fill yourself with the Soma.”

Smash all hatreds and bring them low. Let all (of us) win goods.
Even among the Śīṣṭas there are invigorating shoots for you, where you become sated on soma.

The “all” of b is undefined. I tentatively think it refers to us (that is, the entire Ārya community), but Oldenberg suggests it is the soma drops of 3cd. Geldner doesn’t specify in the tr., but refers to the víśveṣām of 3 in his n.

I know nothing about the Śīṣṭas.

Schlag alle Anfeindungen nieder und unterdrücke sie! Alle sollen Gut gewinnen. Auch bei den Sista´s sind für dich die berauschenden Stengel, bei denen du dich am Soma gütlich tust.

Die Feinde alle schlage und verjage sie ihr Gut werd’ allen uns zu Theil, Auch bei den Çīschta’s fliessen starke Tränke dir, wo du am Soma dich erfreust.

Все проявления ненависти уничтожь и устрани!
Пусть все захватят добро!
И у шиштов есть для тебя опьяняющие стебли,
От которых ты насыщаешься сомой.

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - बृहती

इ᳓न्द्र ने᳓दीय ए᳓द् इहि
मित᳓मेधाभिर् ऊति᳓भिः
आ᳓ शंतम शं᳓तमाभिर् अभि᳓ष्टिभिर्
आ᳓ सुआपे सुआपि᳓भिः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

ihi ← √i- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ít ← ít (invariable)

nédīyaḥ ← nédīyaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

mitámedhābhiḥ ← mitámedha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ūtíbhiḥ ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

abhíṣṭibhiḥ ← abhíṣṭi- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

śaṁtama ← śáṁtama- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śáṁtamābhiḥ ← śáṁtama- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

svāpe ← svāpí- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

svāpíbhiḥ ← svāpí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

इन्द्र॑ । नेदी॑यः । आ । इत् । इ॒हि॒ । मि॒तऽमे॑धाभिः । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ ।
आ । श॒म्ऽत॒म॒ । शम्ऽत॑माभिः । अ॒भिष्टि॑ऽभिः । आ । सु॒ऽआ॒पे॒ । स्वा॒पिऽभिः॑ ॥

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• nedīya ← nedīyaḥ ← nedīyas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “nearer; nedīyas [word]; near.”

• ed ← ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• ed ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• ihi ← i
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• mitamedhābhir ← mita ← mā
• [verb noun]
• “weigh; measure; total; last; weigh; measure; give away; transform.”

• mitamedhābhir ← medhābhiḥ ← medhā
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; medhā [word]; Medhā.”

• ūtibhiḥ ← ūti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “aid; favor; ūti [word].”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• śantama ← śaṃtama
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “beneficent.”

• śantamābhir ← śantamābhiḥ ← śaṃtama
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “beneficent.”

• abhiṣṭibhir ← abhiṣṭibhiḥ ← abhiṣṭi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “prevalence; protection.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• svāpe ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svāpe ← āpe ← āpi
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “friend.”

• svāpibhiḥ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svāpibhiḥ ← āpibhiḥ ← āpi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “friend.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“Indra, come very near with your firmly-wise protections; come, O most healthful, with your mos healthfulaid, come, good kinsma, with your good kinsmen.”

Indra, come closer here with your help that provides secure wisdom— here, most wealful one with your most wealful superior powers, here, friendly one with your friendly powers.

Geldner tr. mitámedha- as “die die Gedanken aufrichten,” but I do not see how a transitive reading of mitá- would work in a compound so constructed.

Indra, komm doch näher heran mit deinen wohltätigsten Beschirmungen, mit den freundschaftlichen, du Feundschaftlicher.

Recht nah, o Indra, komme her, mit Schutz, der fest auf Säulen ruht, Heilvollster du, mit Hülfen voll des schönsten Heils, mit besten Freunden, bester Freund.

О Индра, подойди же поближе
Со (своими) укрепляющими мысли поддержками,
О самый благодатный, с самыми благодатными подкреплениями,
О (ты,) очень дружелюбный, с очень дружелюбными!

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• विराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

आजितु᳓रं स᳓त्पतिं विश्व᳓चर्षणिं
कृधि᳓ प्रजा᳓सु आ᳓भगम्
प्र᳓ सू᳓ तिरा श᳓चीभिर् ये᳓ त उक्थि᳓नः
क्र᳓तुम् पुनत᳓ आनुष᳓क्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya

Morph
ājitúram ← ājitúr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sátpatim ← sátpati- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvácarṣaṇim ← viśvácarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́bhagam ← ā́bhaga- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥dhí ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

prajā́su ← prajā́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)

śácībhiḥ ← śácī- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

sú ← sú (invariable)

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

tira ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ukthínaḥ ← ukthín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

ānuṣák ← ānuṣák (invariable)

krátum ← krátu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

punaté ← √pū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

आ॒जि॒ऽतुर॑म् । सत्ऽप॑तिम् । वि॒श्वऽच॑र्षणिम् । कृ॒धि । प्र॒ऽजासु॑ । आऽभ॑गम् ।
प्र । सु । ति॒र॒ । शची॑भिः । ये । ते॒ । उ॒क्थिनः॑ । क्रतु॑म् । पु॒न॒ते । आ॒नु॒षक् ॥

• ājituraṃ ← ājituram ← ājitur
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• satpatiṃ ← satpatim ← satpati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra.”

• viśvacarṣaṇiṃ ← viśvacarṣaṇim ← viśvacarṣaṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• kṛdhi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• prajāsv ← prajāsu ← prajā
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “people; offspring; being; national; man; prajā [word]; creature; child; descendants; population; race; animal.”

• ābhagam ← ābhaga
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “partaker.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• sū ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• tirā ← tira ← tṛ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

• śacībhir ← śacībhiḥ ← śacī
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “Śacī; power; dexterity; ability; aid.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ta ← te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• ukthinaḥ ← ukthin
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “laudatory.”

• kratum ← kratu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

• punata ← punate ← pū
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

• ānuṣak
• [adverb]
• “correctly; in sequence; punctually.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“Make rich in children that chief of all me, who is victorious in battle and a strong protector; properthoroughly with your powers your singers who cintinually purify their minds.”

Make the lord of the settlements surpassing in the contest, governing all domains, sharer in offspring.
With your powers lengthen (the lifetime of those) who, equipped with solemn words, purify your resolve following the proper order,

I supply “lifetimes” (ā́yūṃṣi) in c, because ā́yus- is the standard object of prá √tṛ. Geldner assumes that the object is the referent of the following relative clause (yé ta ukthínaḥ … (“Fördere fein … die, welche als deiner Lobsänger…”). This is possible, but ignores the usual idiom.

What it means to “purify (Indra’s) resolve” isn’t clear to me, but the phrase occurs elsewhere (cf. VIII.12.11, 13.1). In any case the father of the patron Dasyave Vṛka is Pūtakratu (see VIII.56.2, also 4), so this is a pun.

Mach den rechtmäßigen Herrn in den Kämpfen siegreich, unter allen Völkern bekannt, der Kinder teilhaft! Fördere fein durch deine Bemühungen die, welche als deine Lobsänger ihren Geist gründlich klären.

Den Fürsten aller Menschen, der in Schlachten siegt, den mache du an Kindern reich; Und deine Sänger fördre recht durch deine Kraft, die immer läutern ihren Geist.

Сделай (этого) истинного господина победителем в бою,
Победителем всего людского рода, наделенных потомством!
Силами (своими) возвеличь хорошенько (тех,) кто как твои воспеватели
Последовательно очищают силу духа.

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - बृहती

य᳓स् ते सा᳓धिष्ठो अ᳓वसे
ते᳓ सियाम भ᳓रेषु ते
वयं᳓ हो᳓त्राभिर् उत᳓ देव᳓हूतिभिः
ससवां᳓सो मनामहे

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya;; repeated line
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya

Morph
ávase ← ávas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

sā́dhiṣṭhaḥ ← sā́dhiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bháreṣu ← bhára- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

syāma ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

deváhūtibhiḥ ← deváhūti- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

hótrābhiḥ ← hótrā- 2 (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

utá ← utá (invariable)

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

manāmahe ← √man- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

sasavā́ṁsaḥ ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

यः । ते॒ । साधि॑ष्ठः । अव॑से । ते । स्या॒म॒ । भरे॑षु । ते॒ ।
व॒यम् । होत्रा॑भिः । उ॒त । दे॒वहू॑तिऽभिः । स॒स॒ऽवांसः॑ । म॒ना॒म॒हे॒ ॥

• yas ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• sādhiṣṭho ← sādhiṣṭhaḥ ← sādhiṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• ‘vase ← avase ← avas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “aid; favor; protection.”

• te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• syāma ← as
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• bhareṣu ← bhara
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “battle; weight; foray; bhṛ; load.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• vayaṃ ← vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• hotrābhir ← hotrābhiḥ ← hotrā
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “hotrā [word]; Hautra.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• devahūtibhiḥ ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devahūtibhiḥ ← hūtibhiḥ ← hūti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “invocation.”

• sasavāṃso ← sasavāṃsaḥ ← san
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “win; get; gain.”

• manāmahe ← man
• [verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.
• “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“May we be in battle as one who is the sure to gain your protection; we worship you with invocationsand prayers wen we obtain our desire.”

(Your resolve) to help which best brings success. Might we be yours in the bouts.
May we consider ourselves winners through our libations and
invocations to the gods.

If read with what follows, the relative clause in pāda a is even more irregular than those we have already met in the Vālakhilya. However, there is a simple solution. The identical pāda occurs as V.35.1a, where it clearly modifies krátuḥ in b: yás te sā́dhiṣṭhó ‘vasa, índra krátuṣ ṭám ā́bhara “Your resolve to help that best brings success, Indra, bring that here.” Since krátum is found in the last pāda of the preceding verse, 6d, I take the relative clause of 7a as dependent on the krátum in 6d. Unfortunately this straddles a pragātha boundary, but I find it hard to believe that the krátu association played no role in the repetition of this pāda. It is even possible that the somewhat odd bháreṣu in 7b was influenced by bhara in V.35.1b (though see 8d).

Wer am tauglichsten für deine Gunst ist - die möchten wir dir in den Kämpfen sein. Wir glauben durch unsere Opfer und Götteranrufungen das Spiel gewonnen zu haben;

In Kämpfen seien solche wir, die dir zum Schutz die liebsten sind; Wir denken dein durch Götterruf und Opferwerk, wenn wir der Wünsche Ziel erlangt.

Кто лучше всех добивается твоей поддержки, -
Ими мы хотели бы стать для тебя в битвах!
Мы считаем себя достигшими цели
Благодаря (нашим) возлияниям и призывом богов.

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• विराड्बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - मेध्यः काण्वः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

अहं᳓ हि᳓ ते हरिवो ब्र᳓ह्म वाजयु᳓र्
आजिं᳓ या᳓मि स᳓दोति᳓भिः
तुवा᳓म् इ᳓द् एव᳓ त᳓म् अ᳓मे स᳓म् अश्वयु᳓र्
गव्यु᳓र् अ᳓ग्रे मथीना᳐᳓म्

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya
genre M;; Vālakhilya

Morph
ahám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

bráhma ← bráhman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

harivaḥ ← hárivant- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

hí ← hí (invariable)

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

vājayúḥ ← vājayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ājím ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sádā ← sádā (invariable)

ūtíbhiḥ ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

yā́mi ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

áme ← √amⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

aśvayúḥ ← aśvayú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

evá ← evá (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

sám ← sám (invariable)

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvā́m ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

ágre ← ágra- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

gavyúḥ ← gavyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mathīnā́m ← mathí- (?) (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

अ॒हम् । हि । ते॒ । ह॒रि॒ऽवः॒ । ब्रह्म॑ । वा॒ज॒ऽयुः । आ॒जिम् । यामि॑ । सदा॑ । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ ।
त्वाम् । इत् । ए॒व । तम् । अमे॑ । सम् । अ॒श्व॒ऽयुः । ग॒व्युः । अग्रे॑ । म॒थी॒नाम् ॥

• ahaṃ ← aham ← mad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “I; mine.”

• hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• harivo ← harivas ← harivat
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• brahma ← brahman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• vājayur ← vājayuḥ ← vājayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “competing(a); competitive.”

• ājiṃ ← ājim ← āji
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

• yāmi ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• sadotibhiḥ ← sadā
• [adverb]
• “always; continually; always; perpetually.”

• sadotibhiḥ ← ūtibhiḥ ← ūti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “aid; favor; ūti [word].”

• tvām ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• eva
• [adverb]
• “indeed; merely; thus; even; surely; same; eva [word]; successively; immediately; in truth.”

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ame ← ama
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “am; panic; power; ferocity.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• aśvayur ← aśvayuḥ ← aśvayu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• gavyur ← gavyuḥ ← gavyu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• agre ← agra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”

• matīnām ← mati
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

Sayana bhashya empty

English translation:

“With your help, O lord of bay steeds, I always go into prayer and into battle, seeking spoil; it is youwhom I insist upon, when I go, longing for horses and kine, at the head of plural nders.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Matīnām = mathīnām, inthe beginning of my prayers

For I, seeking the prize, enter the contest for the sacred formulation always with your help, you of the fallow bays.
Seeking horses, seeking cows, I pledge myself just to you, at the
beginning of raids.

Geldner takes ājíṃ √yā as a phrasal verb (“mache ich … einen Wettlauf”) that can take an accusative (“einen Wettlauf um…”). I do not see any other way to construe bráhma, though I am a bit dubious about the construction.

The opening of c, tvā́m íd evá tám is an inflated version, with tonic 2nd ps.

pronoun, of tám tvā, which is found several times in this group of hymns (our 2c; also 51.6c, 52.4c). This inflation seems to have driven the preverb sám into postverbal position (áme sám).

Oldenberg and Geldner accept the Kashmir reading *matīnā́m, but Narten (1960: 132 n.

34 = KlSch 22 n. 34) makes a convincing case that the transmitted mathīnā́m is correct and means ‘robbings/plunderings’. This works well with vājayúḥ, aśvayúḥ, and gavyúḥ in this verse, as well as bháreṣu in 7b.

Denn mit deiner Hilfe mache ich stets einen Wettlauf um das beschwörende Wort, nach dem Siegerpreis strebend, o Falbenfahrer, und ich schließe nur mit dir einen Bund, nach Roß und Rind verlangend, im Anbeginn der Dichtung.

Durch deine Hülfen, Herr der Füchse, geh’ ich stets, Gut wünschend in Gebet und Kampf; Denn Ross und Rinder wünschend geh’ ich dich allein im Anfang meiner Bitten an.

Ведь это я, о хозяин буланых коней, жаждя награды,
С твоими поддержками всегда иду на состязание в священном слове -
Только с тобою, таким, я заключаю договор в начале молитв,
Жаждя коней, жаждя коров.

• इन्द्र:
• मेध्यः काण्वः
• विराट्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः