१०१

• देवता - पर्जन्यः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

तिस्रो꣡ वा꣡चः प्र꣡ वद ज्यो꣡तिरग्रा
या꣡ एत꣡द् दुह्रे꣡ मधुदोघ꣡म् ऊ꣡धः
स꣡ वत्सं꣡ कृण्व꣡न् ग꣡र्भम् ओ꣡षधीनां
सद्यो꣡ जातो꣡ वृषभो꣡ रोरवीति

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre D
genre D
genre D
genre D

Morph
jyótiragrāḥ ← jyótiragra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

tisráḥ ← trí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vā́caḥ ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vada ← √vadⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

duhré ← √duh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

etát ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

madhudoghám ← madhudoghá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

ū́dhar ← ū́dhar- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

yā́ḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

gárbham ← gárbha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥ṇván ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

óṣadhīnām ← óṣadhī- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vatsám ← vatsá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jātáḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

roravīti ← √rū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sadyás ← sadyás (invariable)
{}

vr̥ṣabháḥ ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ति॒स्रः । वाचः॑ । प्र । व॒द॒ । ज्योतिः॑ऽअग्राः । याः । ए॒तत् । दु॒ह्रे । म॒धु॒ऽदो॒घम् । ऊधः॑ ।
सः । व॒त्सम् । कृ॒ण्वन् । गर्भ॑म् । ओष॑धीनाम् । स॒द्यः । जा॒तः । वृ॒ष॒भः । रो॒र॒वी॒ति॒ ॥

• tisro ← tisraḥ ← tri
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• vācaḥ ← vāc
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• vada ← vad
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”

• jyotiragrā ← jyotiḥ ← jyotis
• [noun], neuter
• “light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”

• jyotiragrā ← agrāḥ ← agra
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”

• yā ← yāḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• etad ← etat ← etad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• duhre ← duh
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “milk.”

• madhudogham ← madhu
• [noun], neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• madhudogham ← dogham ← dogha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• ūdhaḥ ← ūdhas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vatsaṃ ← vatsam ← vatsa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “calf; child; Vatsa; vatsa [word]; juvenile; Vatsa; Vatsa; Vatsa; son; male child.”

• kṛṇvan ← kṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• garbham ← garbha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fetus; garbha; inside; cavity; embryo; uterus; child; pit; garbhadruti; filling; pregnancy; room; abdomen; fertilization; inside; hole; baby; calyx; midst.”

• oṣadhīnāṃ ← oṣadhīnām ← oṣadhi
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “herb; plant; drug; simple; oṣadhi [word]; remedy.”

• sadyo ← sadyas
• [adverb]
• “immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”

• jāto ← jātaḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• vṛṣabho ← vṛṣabhaḥ ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

• roravīti ← roro ← √ru
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “bellow.”

ऋषिरात्मानं स्तुतौ प्रेरयति । हे ऋषे तिस्रः त्रिविधा ऋग्यजुःसामात्मिकाः स्तुतिरूपाः वाचः प्र वद प्रब्रूहि । कीदृश्यो वाचः । ज्योतिरग्राः । ज्योतिर्द्योतमानः प्रणवोऽग्रे प्रमुखो यासां तादृशीः । याः वाचः मधुदोघं मधुन उदकस्य दोहकं वृष्ट्युदकस्य कर्तारम् एतत् नभसि दृश्यमानम् ऊधः उद्धृतं मेघम् । यद्वा । लुप्तोपममेतत् । ऊध इव पयस आश्रयभूतं मेघं दुह्रे दुहते । दुहेर्लटि ‘लोपस्त आत्मनेपदेषु’ (पा. सू. ७. १. ४१ ) इति तलोपः । बाहुलको रुट् । स्तोत्रैः प्रीतो हि पर्जन्यो मेधैर्वर्षयति । अतो वाच एव दुहन्तीत्युपचर्यते । यद्वा । वदेति व्यत्ययेन मध्यमः । तिस्र इति द्रुतविलम्बितमध्यमभेदेन त्रिविधा ज्योतिरग्रा विद्युत्प्रमुखा वाचः प्रवदेतेति। या गर्जितलक्षणा वाचो वृष्टिप्रदमेतं मेघं दुह्रे उदकानि दुहन्ति । एवंभूतः सः च पर्जन्यः वत्सं सह निवसन्तं वैद्युताग्निं कृण्वन् प्रादुष्कुर्वन् तमेव ओषधीनां व्रीह्यादीनां च गर्भं कुर्वन् सद्यः शीघ्रं जातः प्रादुर्भूतः वृषभः वर्षिता सन् रोरवीति भृशं शब्दायते ॥

English translation:

“Recite the three sacred texts, preceded by light, which milk the water- yielding udder; for he, theshowerer, (thereby) becoming quickly manifest, loudly roars, engendering the (lightning) infant, the embryo of theplants.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Three sacred texts: three vedas, preceded by Om; water-yielding udder: the cloud; the showerer:parjanya, plural ased with the hymns, and in consequence, sending rain

Speak forth the three speeches with light at their front, which milk this udder milking out honey.
Creating the calf, the embryo of the plants [=Agni], as soon as he is born the bull sets to bellowing.

As was noted in the published introduction, this hymn has a penchant for triplets, but it is not always clear which three entities are referred to – as in this vs., at least for me, with “the three speeches.” As Geldner points out (n. 1a), the identities of the speeches depends on the identity of the addressee of the impv. “speak forth” (prá vada). If it is Parjanya, the dedicand of the hymn, they probably refer to thunder(claps) (so, e.g., Lüders, Va 392 – three because they sound in the three heavenly domains) or thunder, lightning, and rain (so, e.g., Doniger 174). I am inclined to follow Lüders but for reasons 132 differing from his. I suggest that this could be an early version of the triple utterance “da da da” of Thunder in BĀU V.2, made famous in the West by T. S. Eliot in the section of The Wasteland entitled “What the Thunder Said.” Note that in BĀU V.2.3 Thunder or the thundering one (stanayitnuḥ) is identified as daivī vāk (like the three vā́c- here).

If the impv. is the self-address of the poet, it would refer probably to the three types of ritual speech (ṛ́c-, sā́man-, yájus-), or, on the basis of VII.33.14 (which contains prá vadāty ágre, similar to our prá vada [jyótir]agrā), solemn speech (ukthá-), melody (sā́man-), and the sound of the pressing stone – or, less likely in my view, with Geldner three dynamic levels of sound, soft, medium, loud. Needless to say, both sets of referents may be meant. In the natural world interpr., the “light at the front” would of course be lightning; in the ritual interpr. it would be the ritual fire.

The three speeches milk the udder of pāda b. Again the identities of the referents of the udder and the liquid it produces depend on the referents in pāda a. In the natural world interpr., the udder would be heaven or the clouds therein, the liquid the rain; in the ritual the udder would probably be the soma plant and the liquid the soma – though the udder could possibly be the sacrifice as a whole and the good things that result from its performance.

On vā́d- prá √vad see comm. ad VII.103.1.

In the published translation of the 2nd hemistich it was not made clear which nouns go together – since Engl. lacks the convenient tool of case. The calf (vatsám) is the same as the embryo of the plants (gárbham óṣadhīnām); both are objects of the participle ‘creating’ (kṛṇván), whose subject is the bull (vṛṣabháḥ), which is also the referent in the phrase “as soon as he is born” (sadyó jātáḥ) and the subj. of “sets to bellowing” (roravīti). The calf, embryo of the plants, is most likely Agni, who is so called elsewhere (see Geldner n. 1c). Geldner suggests that it is Agni as lightning, which is possible, but I assume that lightning and the ritual fire are here assimilated, via a trope whereby the sound of thunder, likened to ritual speech, kindles the ritual fire.

The bull is surely Parjanya, as is confirmed by the identical phraseology of vs. 2 of the next, related hymn (VII.102.2): yó gárbham óṣadhīnām … kṛṇóti … / parjányaḥ.

SPEAK forth three words, the words which light precedeth, which milk this udder that produceth nectar.
Quickly made manifest, the Bull hath bellowed, engendering the germ of plants, the Infant.

Heb an die drei Stimmen, denen das Licht vorangeht, die das Süßes spendende Euter melken! Das Kalb erzeugt er, den Keim der Pflanzen; der Stier brüllt alsbald nach seiner Geburt.

Drei Worte nenne, denen Licht vorangeht, und die das nektarreiche Euter saugen, Laut brüllt der Stier, sobald er ist geboren, schafft junge Brut und Keime der Gewächse.

Произнеси три речи, впереди которых свет,
(Те,) что доятся из этого вымени, струящего мед.
Создавая теленка, зародыша растений,
Едва родившись, бык сразу же громко ревет.

• पर्जन्यः
• वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब प्रसङ्गसङ्गति से ईश्वर की ऐश्वर्यवर्धक वर्षाऋतु का वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (तिस्रः, वाचः) ज्ञानप्रद कर्मप्रद, उपासनाप्रद इन तीनों वाणियों को (प्रवद) कहिये, (याः) जो वाणियें (ज्योतिः, अग्राः) अपने प्रकाश से सर्वोपरि हैं और (एतत्, ऊधः) नभोमण्डलरूपी इस स्तनमण्डल से (मधुदोघम्) अमृतरूपी ओषधियों को (दुहे) दुहती हैं और (सः) वह पर्जन्य (वत्सं, कृण्वन्) विद्युत् को वत्स बनाता हुआ और (ओषधीनां, गर्भम्) नाना प्रकार की ओषधियों मेंगर्भ धारण करता हुआ (सद्यो, जातः) तत्काल उत्पन्न हुआ (वृषभः) “वर्षणाद्वृषभः” मेघ (रोरवीति) अत्यन्त शब्द करता है ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में स्वभावोक्ति अलङ्कार से परमात्मा ने यह उपदेश किया है कि विद्युत् शक्ति को वत्स और आकाशस्थ मेघमण्डल को ऊधस्थानी बनाकर ऋत्विजों को ऋचारूपी हस्तों द्वारा दोग्धा बनाया है। तात्पर्य यह हैं कि वर्षाऋतु में ऋत्विजों को उद्गाता आदिकों के उच्च स्वरों से वेदमन्त्रों को गायन करना चाहिये, ताकि वृष्टि सुखप्रद और समय सुखप्रद प्रतीत हो ॥१॥

अथ प्रसङ्गसङ्गत्या परमात्मैश्वर्यवर्धिका प्रावृट् वर्ण्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे भगवन् ! (तिस्रः, वाचः) ज्ञानप्रदकर्मप्रदोपासना-प्रदात्मकं वाक्त्रयं (प्रवद) उपदिश। (याः) या वाचः (ज्योतिः, अग्राः) उत्कर्षातिशयेन राजमानाः (एतत् ऊधः) एतन्नभोमण्डलात्मकस्तनमण्डलात् (मधुदोघम्) अमृत-स्वरूपा ओषधीः (दुहे) दुहन्ति च तथा (सः) स पर्जन्यः (वत्सम्, कृण्वन्) विद्युतमेव वत्सं कुर्वन् तथा च (ओषधीनाम्, गर्भम्) नानाविधौषधिषु गर्भं धारयन् (सद्यः, जातः) तदानीमेवोत्पद्यमानः (वृषभः) वर्षणशीलो मेघः (रोरवीति) अभीक्ष्णं शब्दायते ॥१॥

• देवता - पर्जन्यः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

यो꣡ व꣡र्धन ओ꣡षधीनां यो꣡ अपां꣡
यो꣡ वि꣡श्वस्य ज꣡गतो देव꣡ ई꣡शे
स꣡ त्रिधा꣡तु शरणं꣡ श꣡र्म यंसत्
त्रिव꣡र्तु ज्यो꣡तिः सुअभिष्टि꣡ अस्मे꣡

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre D
genre D
genre D
genre D

Morph
apā́m ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

óṣadhīnām ← óṣadhī- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

várdhanaḥ ← várdhana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

deváḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ī́śe ← √īś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

jágataḥ ← jágat- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

víśvasya ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śaraṇám ← śaraṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

śárma ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

tridhā́tu ← tridhā́tu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

yaṁsat ← √yam- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

asmé ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

jyótiḥ ← jyótis- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

svabhiṣṭí ← svabhiṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

trivártu ← trivártu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

यः । वर्ध॑नः । ओष॑धीनाम् । यः । अ॒पाम् । यः । विश्व॑स्य । जग॑तः । दे॒वः । ईशे॑ ।
सः । त्रि॒ऽधातु॑ । श॒र॒णम् । शर्म॑ । यं॒स॒त् । त्रि॒ऽवर्तु॑ । ज्योतिः॑ । सु॒ऽअ॒भि॒ष्टि । अ॒स्मे इति॑ ॥

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• vardhana ← vardhanaḥ ← vardhana
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “increasing; fortifying; promotive; prolonging.”

• oṣadhīnāṃ ← oṣadhīnām ← oṣadhi
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “herb; plant; drug; simple; oṣadhi [word]; remedy.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• apāṃ ← apām ← ap
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• viśvasya ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• jagato ← jagataḥ ← jagant
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “universe; Earth; world; people; Jagatī; Loka; animal; being.”

• deva ← devaḥ ← deva
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• īśe ← īś
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “govern; command; master; dominate; can; reign; control; own.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• tridhātu ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tridhātu ← dhātu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “mineral; dhātu; saptadhātu; Sanskrit verbal root; etymon; aṣṭaloha; mahābhūta; gairika; component; navadhātu; svarṇamākṣika; doṣa; inorganic compound.”

• śaraṇaṃ ← śaraṇam ← śaraṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “protecting.”

• śarma ← śarman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• yaṃsat ← yam
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

• trivartu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “treble.”

• jyotiḥ ← jyotis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”

• svabhiṣṭy ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svabhiṣṭy ← abhiṣṭi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “prevalence; protection.”

• asme ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

यः पर्जन्यः ओषधीनां वर्धनः वर्धयिता । यः च अपाम् उदकानां वर्धकः । यः च देवः द्योतमानः पर्जन्यः विश्वस्य सर्वस्य जगतः ईशे ईष्टे। ‘लोपस्त आत्मनेपदेषु ’ इति तलोपः । अधीगर्थ ’ (पा. सू. २. ३. ५२ ) इति कर्मणि शेषत्वेन विवक्षिते षष्ठी। अनुदात्तेत्त्वात् लसार्वधातुकानुदात्तत्वे धातुस्वरः। ‘यद्वृत्तान्नित्यम्’ इति निघातप्रतिषेधः। सः पर्जन्यः त्रिधातु त्रिभूमिकं शरणं गृहं शर्म सुखं च यंसत् यच्छतु । अस्मभ्यं ददात्वित्यर्थः ॥ यमेर्लेट्यडाग़मः । सिब्बहुलम्’ इति सिप्। ’ इतश्च लोपः’ इतीकारलोपः। तथा त्रिवर्तु त्रिषु ऋतुषु अतिशयेन वर्तमानम् । श्रूयते हि - ‘ त्रीणि वा आदित्यस्य तेजांसि वसन्ता प्रातर्ग्रीष्मे मध्यंदिने शरद्यपराह्णे ’ (तै. सं. २. १. २. ५) इति । एवंविधं स्वभिष्टि स्वभ्येषणं ज्योतिः तेजश्च अस्मे अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छतु ॥

English translation:

“May he who is the augmenter of plural nts, the increase of the waters, who rules divine over the wholeearth, bestow upon us a three-storied dwelling and felicity; may he grant us the desired light (of the sun) at thethree (bright) seasons.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Three-storied dwelling: tridhātu śaraṇam = tribhūmikam gṛham, a house with threeearths, either chambers or floors; trīṇi vā ādityasya tejāṃsi prātagrīṣme madhyandineśaradyaparāhne: Taittirīya Saṃhitā 2.1.2.5; the desired light: the rays of the sun are said to be mostpowerful at dawn in the spring, at noon in the hot season, and in the afternoon in autumn

The one who is the increaser of plants, who of the waters, who, as god, holds sway over the whole moving world,
he will extend triply layered sheltering shelter, triply turned very superior light to us.

Multiple candidates have been suggested for the three lights of d, but it should be pointed out that there is actually only one light (jyótiḥ), which has three vartu-s (trivártu). Unfortunately this adj. is a hapax, but it is most likely related to the better attested trivṛ́t-. For the relationship between these two and the uncertainty of the root affiliation (√vṛt [which I favor] or √vṛ), see Scarlatta (511). If the form does belong with √vṛt we should properly expect *trivarttu, but of course rTT and rT clusters can generally only be distinguished on etymological grounds (see AiG I.112-14). As for our form, AiG II.2.663 (with lit.) suggests that trivár(t)u in this passage is a nonce creation modeled on well-attested tridhā́tu found in the preceding pāda (c).

In any case the triply layered shelter and triply turned light conform to the triadic focus of this hymn; I’m not sure they need to be more specifically identified. 133

Giver of growth to plants, the God who ruleth over the waters and all moving creatures,
Vouchsafe us triple shelter for our refuge, and threefold light to succour and befriend us.

Der Mehrer der Pflanzen und der Wasser, der Gott, der über die ganze Welt gebeut, er möge den dreifach schützenden Schutz, das dreifältige, überlegene Licht uns gewähren.

Der Mehrer der Gewächse und der Wasser, der Gott, der über alle Welt gebietet, Er reiche Schutz und Schirm der dreifach schirmet, dreifältig Licht, das Zuflucht uns gewähret.

Бог, который укрепляет растения, который – воды,
Который властвует надо всем живым миром,
Пусть дарует он тройную защиту-укрытие,
Тройной свет, благоприятный для нас!

• पर्जन्यः
• वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) जो ईश्वर (ओषधीनाम्) सम्पूर्ण ओषधियों को (यः) और जो (अपाम्) जलों को (वर्धनः) बढ़ाता है (यः, देवः) और जो दिव्य ईश्वर (विश्वस्य, जगतः, ईशे) सकल जगत् को ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त करानेवाला है, (सः) सो ईश्वर (त्रिधातु, शरणम्) विचित्र गृहों में (शर्म) सुख को (अस्मे) हमको (यंसत्) दे। और (त्रिवर्तु) तीनों ऋतुओं में (स्वभिष्टि, ज्योतिः) सुन्दर अभीष्ट ऐश्वर्य को दे ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो परमात्मा उक्त वर्षादि ऋतुओं में ओषधियों को बढ़ाता है और जो सब ओषधियों में रसों का आविष्कार करनेवाला है, वह परमात्मा इस त्रिधातु शरीर में सुख दे और सब प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त कराये ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) यः परमात्मा (ओषधीनाम्) सकला ओषधीः (यः) यश्च (अपाम्) जलानि (वर्धनः) वर्धयति (यः, देवः) यश्च दिव्यात्मा (विश्वस्य, जगतः, ईशे) निखिले जगति दिव्यैश्वर्येण व्याप्नोति (सः) स ईश्वरः (त्रिधातु शरणम्) विचित्रागारेषु (शर्म) सुखं (यंसत्) दत्तात्, तथा च (त्रिवर्तु) त्रिविधेष्वपि ऋतुभिन्नकालेषु (अस्मे) अस्मभ्यं (ज्योतिः, सु, अभिष्टि) स्वैश्वर्येण सह मनोरथं ददातु ॥२॥

• देवता - पर्जन्यः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स्तरी꣡र् उ त्वद् भ꣡वति सू꣡त उ त्वद्
यथावशं꣡ तनु꣡वं चक्र एषः꣡
पितुः꣡ प꣡यः प्र꣡ति गृभ्णाति माता꣡
ते꣡न पिता꣡ वर्धते ते꣡न पुत्रः꣡

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre D
genre D;; repeated line
genre D
genre D

Morph
bhávati ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

starī́ḥ ← starī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sū́te ← √sū- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

tvat ← tva- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

tvat ← tva- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)
{}

u ← u (invariable)
{}

cakre ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

eṣáḥ ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tanvàm ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

yathāvaśám ← yathāvaśám (invariable)
{}

gr̥bhṇāti ← √gr̥bhⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mātā́ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pitúḥ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

práti ← práti (invariable)
{}

pitā́ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

putráḥ ← putrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

téna ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

téna ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

vardhate ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

स्त॒रीः । ऊं॒ इति॑ । त्व॒त् । भव॑ति । सूतः॑ । ऊं॒ इति॑ । त्व॒त् । य॒था॒ऽव॒शम् । त॒न्व॑म् । च॒क्रे॒ । ए॒षः ।
पि॒तुः । पयः॑ । प्रति॑ । गृ॒भ्णा॒ति॒ । मा॒ता । तेन॑ । पि॒ता । व॒र्ध॒ते॒ । तेन॑ । पु॒त्रः ॥

• starīr ← starīḥ ← starī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “barren cow.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• tvad ← tvat ← tva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “many a(a); one.”

• bhavati ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• sūta ← sūte ← sū
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “give birth; urge; bestow; cause.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• tvad ← tvat ← tva
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “many a(a); one.”

• yathāvaśaṃ ← yathāvaśam
• [adverb]

• tanvaṃ ← tanvam ← tanū
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

• cakra ← cakre ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• eṣaḥ ← etad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• pituḥ ← pitṛ
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• prati
• [adverb]
• “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

• gṛbhṇāti ← grah
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “take; grasp; take out; extract; perceive; pick; assume; include; accept; understand; use; learn; possess; keep; choose; accept; afflict; suck; paralyze; mention; mistake; eat; wear; embrace; fill into; capture; eclipse; get; collect; hand down; marry; heed; touch.”

• mātā ← mātṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• tena ← tad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• pitā ← pitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• vardhate ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• tena ← tad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• putraḥ ← putra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”

त्वदिति तकारान्तोऽन्यशब्दपर्यायोऽनुदात्तः सर्वनामसु पठितः। अस्य पर्जन्यस्य त्वत् अन्यद्रूपं स्तरीः निवृत्तप्रसवा गौः सा यथा न दोग्ध्री तद्वद्वर्षुकं न भवति । उ इति पूरकः । द्वितीय उशब्दश्चार्थे । त्वत् अन्यच्च रूपं सूते धेनुवत्प्रसूते। उदकानि प्रवर्षति । एषः पर्जन्यः तन्वं स्वकीयं शरीरं यथावशं यथाकामं स्तरीत्वेन धेनुत्वेन च चक्रे करोति । अपि च पितुः दिवः सकाशात् पयः वृष्ट्युदकं माता पृथिवी प्रति गृभ्णाति प्रतिगृह्णाति । हृग्रहोर्भः । इति भत्वम् । प्रतिगृहीतेन तेन हविरात्मना परिणतेन पिता द्युलोकः वर्धते । तेन एवोदकेन पुत्रः पृथिव्यां भवः प्राणिसंघोऽपि वर्धते ॥

English translation:

“One form of Parjanya is like a barren cow the other produces offspring, he takes whichever form hepleases; the mother receives the milk from the father thence the father, thence the son is nourished.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

He takeswhichever form he plural ases: the firmament withholds or sends down rain at will; the mother receives the milk: thefather is the sky, earth the mother, who receives the rain from the former, which, producing the means of offeringlibations and oblations, returns again to the parent heaven, as well as suppports his offspring– all livingcreatures

Sometimes he becomes a barren cow, sometimes he gives birth; he has fashioned his own body as he wished.
The mother accepts the milk of the father. With it the father grows
strong, with it the son.

As disc. in the published introduction, this vs. is full of gender ambiguity and gender switching, in service of the Vedic love of paradox. Although the subject of the first hemistich is surely Parjanya, he is not identified by name, and a masc. gender pronoun only appears as the very last word of the half-vs. (… eṣáḥ) – while the state and activity ascribed to the subject of pāda a are quintessentially female.

In the 2nd hemistich the referents probably align well with the implied genders, unlike pāda a: by most interpr. the mother is Earth, the father is Heaven, as usual.

But the action, at least in pāda c, is paradoxical, since it is the “milk” (páyaḥ) of the father that the mother accepts. This milk is of course a metaphor for rain. In d it is said that both the father and son grow strong on it, another apparent paradox.

Assuming that the father is Heaven, this is probably an early ref. to the water cycle: rain produces plants, which ultimately produce the offerings sent to heaven via the smoke of sacrifice, swelling the clouds that then again produce rain. By most accounts the “son” who is also strengthened in d refers to mankind, the offspring of the earth.

Now he is sterile, now begetteth offspring, even as he willeth doth he change his figure.
The Father’s genial flow bedews the Mother; therewith the Sire, therewith the son is nourished.

Bald wird er eine unfruchtbare Kuh, bald gebiert er; nach Belieben wandelt er seinen Leib. Die Mutter empfängt die Milch des Vaters. Dadurch gedeiht der Vater, dadurch der Sohn.

Bald ist sie ohne Frucht und bald gebiert sie, und wie er will, gestaltet er den Leib ihr; Des Vaters Samen nun empfängt die Mutter, durch ihn erstarkt der Sohn und auch der Vater.

То он становится яловой коровой, то рожает;
По своей воле он создает себе тело.
Мать воспринимает молоко отца –
От этого крепнет отец, от этого сын.

• पर्जन्यः
• वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब पर्जन्य को धेनुरूप से वर्णन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वत्) एक तो मेघ (स्तरीः) नवप्रसूता धेनु के समान (उ) निश्चय करके (भवति) होता है और (सूते) जल को वर्षता है, (त्वत्) अन्य (एषः) यह (यथावशम्) स्वेच्छापूर्वक (तन्वम्) शरीर को (चक्रे) बना लेता है, (पितुः) पितारूप द्युलोक से (माता, पयः प्रति, गृभ्णाति) मातारूप पृथिवी जल को ग्रहण करती है, (तेन) और तिससे (पिता, वर्धते) द्युलोक वृद्धि को प्राप्त होता है, (तेन) और तिससे (पुत्रः) प्राणिसङ्घरूप पुत्र भी बढ़ता है ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वर्षाऋतु में मेघ नवप्रसूता गौ के समान अपने दुग्धरूपी पयःपुञ्ज से संसार को परिपूर्ण कर देता है, वा यों कहो कि द्यु पिता और पृथिवी मातास्थानी बनकर वर्षाऋतु में नाना प्रकार की सम्पत्ति उत्पन्न करते हैं और जो यहाँ पितास्थानी द्युलोक का बढ़ना कथन किया गया है, वह उसके ऐश्वर्य के भाव से है, कुछ आकारवृद्धि के अभिप्राय से नहीं ॥३॥

अथ पर्जन्यं धेनुरूपेण वर्णयति।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वत्) एको मेघः (स्तरीः) नवप्रसूता गौरिव (उ, भवति) निश्चितं भवति तथा (सूते) वर्षत्यपि (त्वत्) अन्यः (एषः) असौ मेघः (यथावशम्) यथाकामं (तन्वम्) स्वशरीरं (चक्रे) रचयति च (पितुः) पितुरिव दिवः (माता, पयः, प्रतिगृभ्णाति) मातेव पृथ्वी जलमादत्ते (तेन) तेन जलादानेन (पिता, वर्धते) द्यौः, प्रकाशते (तेन) तेनैव हेतुना (पुत्रः) प्राणिसङ्घ एव पुत्रोऽपि समेधते ॥३॥

• देवता - पर्जन्यः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

य꣡स्मिन् वि꣡श्वानि भु꣡वनानि तस्थु꣡स्
तिस्रो꣡ द्या꣡वस् त्रे᳐धा꣡ सस्रु꣡र् आ꣡पः
त्र꣡यः को꣡शास उपसे꣡चनासो
म꣡ध्व श्चोतन्ति अभि꣡तो विरप्श꣡म्

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre D
genre D
genre D
genre D;; repeated line

Morph
bhúvanāni ← bhúvana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

tasthúḥ ← √sthā- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

víśvāni ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

yásmin ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

dyā́vaḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

sasrúḥ ← √sr̥- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

tisráḥ ← trí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

tredhā́ ← tredhā́ (invariable)
{}

kóśāsaḥ ← kóśa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tráyaḥ ← trí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

upasécanāsaḥ ← upasécana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

abhítas ← abhítas (invariable)
{}

mádhvaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

ścotanti ← √ścut- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

virapśám ← virapśá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

यस्मि॑न् । विश्वा॑नि । भुव॑नानि । त॒स्थुः । ति॒स्रः । द्यावः॑ । त्रे॒धा । स॒सुः । आपः॑ ।
त्रयः॑ । कोशा॑सः । उ॒प॒ऽसेच॑नासः । मध्वः॑ । श्चो॒त॒न्ति॒ । अ॒भितः॑ । वि॒ऽर॒प्शम् ॥

• yasmin ← yad
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• viśvāni ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• bhuvanāni ← bhuvana
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”

• tasthus ← tasthuḥ ← sthā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• tisro ← tisraḥ ← tri
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• dyāvas ← dyāvaḥ ← div
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• tredhā
• [adverb]
• “threefold.”

• sasrur ← sasruḥ ← sṛ
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “sṛ; liquefy; run; spread; stretch out.”

• āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• trayaḥ ← tri
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• kośāsa ← kośāsaḥ ← kośa
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “treasury; sheath; Kośa; scrotum; bud; vessel; kośa [word]; treasure; calyx; container; bucket; box.”

• upasecanāso ← upasecanāsaḥ ← upasecana
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• madhva ← madhvaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• ścotanty ← ścotanti ← ścut
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

• abhito ← abhitas
• [adverb]
• “about; around; regarding; about.”

• virapśam ← virapśa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

यस्मिन् पर्जन्ये विश्वानि भुवनानि सर्वाणि भूतजातानि तस्थुः तिष्ठन्ति । यदधीनवृत्तीनि भवन्तीत्यर्थः । यस्मिंश्च द्यावः द्युप्रभृतयो लोको अवतिष्ठन्ते । यस्माच्च आपः त्रेधा सस्रुः प्राच्यः प्रतीच्योऽवाच्यश्च सत्यो निर्गच्छन्ति । उपसेचनासः उपसेक्तारः त्रयः पौरस्त्यः प्रतीच्य उदीच्यश्चेति त्रिप्रकाराः कोशासः मेघाः विरप्शं महान्तं पर्जन्यम् अभितः परितः मध्वः । कर्मणि षष्ठी । मधूदकं श्चोतन्ति क्षारयन्ति वर्षन्ति ॥

English translation:

“In whom all beings exist; the three worlds abide; from whom the waters flow in three directions (east,west, and south); the three water-shedding masses of clouds (east, west, and north) pour the waters round themighty (Parjanya).”

In whom all the creatures abide, (in whom) the three heavens; (in whom) the waters have flowed in three stages—
(his) three buckets for pouring drip an abundance of honey all
around.

This extravagant claim of Parjanya’s cosmic centrality – all creatures, the three heavens, and the waters all take him as their basis – must derive from his control of the rain, as the second hemistich suggests and 5cd further develops. The vs. is also made up of pādas with either exact (a, d) or near repetitions (b, c) elsewhere in the RV (see Geldner’s nn. 4a, 4c, 4d and for pāda b partial reps. in I.35.6, VII.87.5; VII.90.4, X.111.8), which may account for the generic impression it gives.

In him all living creatures have their being, and the three heavens with triplyflowing waters.
Three reservoirs that sprinkle down their treasure shed their sweet streams around him with a murmur.

Auf dem alle Welten ruhen, die drei Himmel, von dem dreifach die Gewässer strömen-drei Kufen zum Begießen träufen nach allen Seiten die Überfülle des Süßen.

In welchem alle Wesen sind gegründet, drei Himmel, dreifach auch die Wasser rannen, Um ihn den starken fliessen drei der Kufen, die ringsumher von süssem Safte träufeln.

На ком покоятся все существа,
Три неба, (из кого) трояко струятся воды:-
Три бочки для поливки
(Пусть) растения, охраняемые богами, (дадут) прекрасные ягоды!

• पर्जन्यः
• वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यस्मिन्) जिस परमात्मा में (विश्वानि, भुवनानि) सम्पूर्ण भुवन (तस्थुः) स्थिर हैं (तिस्रो द्यावः) जिसमें भूर्भुवः स्वः ये तीनों लोक स्थिर हैं (त्रेधा, सस्रुः, आपः) “आप्यते प्राप्यत इति अपः कर्म”। अप इति कर्मनामसु पठितम् ॥ निघण्टौ २। १ ॥ “तस्यायमित्यापः” जिसमें तीन प्रकार से कर्म गति करते हैं, अर्थात् संचित, प्रारब्ध और क्रियमाण, (त्रयः, कोशासः) जिसमें तीन कोश हैं, वे कोश कैसे हैं (उपसेचनासः) उपसिञ्चन करनेवाले हैं, वह परमात्मा (मध्वः, श्चोतन्ति, अभितः, विरप्शम्) सब प्रकार से आनन्द की वृष्टि करते हैं ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस परमात्मा में अन्नमय, प्राणमय और मनोमय इन तीनों कोशोंवाले अनन्त जीव निवास करते हैं और निखिल ब्रह्माण्ड उसी में स्थिर हैं, उसी परमात्मा की सत्ता से जीव संचित, क्रियमाण और प्रारब्ध तीन प्रकार के कर्मों की वृष्टि करता है। वह परमात्मा मेघ के समान आनन्दों की वृष्टि करता है। इस मन्त्र में रूपकालङ्कार से परमात्मा को मेघवत् वृष्टिकर्त्ता वर्णन किया गया है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यस्मिन्) यत्रेश्वरे (विश्वानि, भुवनानि) सकललोकाः (तस्थुः) सन्तिष्ठन्ते (तिस्रः, द्यावः) यत्र च भूर्भुवःस्वरात्मकलोकत्रयं तिष्ठति (त्रेधा, सस्रुः, आपः) यत्र च कर्माणि सञ्चितप्रारब्धक्रियमाणभेदेन त्रिविधमार्गेण गतिं लभन्ते (त्रयः, कोशासः) यत्र त्रिसङ्ख्याकाः कोशाः सन्ति (उपसेचनासः) ते हि उपसेक्तारः सन्ति, स एवेश्वरः (मध्वः, श्चोतन्ति, अभितः, विरप्शम्) सर्वत आनन्दमभिवर्षति ॥४॥

• देवता - पर्जन्यः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

इदं꣡ व꣡चः पर्ज꣡न्याय स्वरा꣡जे
हृदो꣡ अस्तु अ꣡न्तरं त꣡ज् जुजोषत्
मयोभु꣡वो वृष्ट꣡यः सन्तु अस्मे꣡
सुपिप्पला꣡ ओ꣡षधीर् देव꣡गोपाः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre D
genre D
genre D
genre D

Morph
idám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

parjányāya ← parjánya- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

svarā́je ← svarā́j- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

vácaḥ ← vácas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ántaram ← ántara- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

astu ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hr̥dáḥ ← hā́rdi ~ hr̥d- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

jujoṣat ← √juṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

asmé ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

mayobhúvaḥ ← mayobhū́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

santu ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vr̥ṣṭáyaḥ ← vr̥ṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

devágopāḥ ← devágopā- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

óṣadhīḥ ← óṣadhī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

supippalā́ḥ ← supippalá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

इ॒दम् । वचः॑ । प॒र्जन्या॑य । स्व॒ऽराजे॑ । हृ॒दः । अ॒स्तु॒ । अन्त॑रम् । तत् । जु॒जो॒ष॒त् ।
म॒यः॒ऽभुवः॑ । वृ॒ष्टयः॑ । स॒न्तु॒ । अ॒स्मे इति॑ । सु॒ऽपि॒प्प॒लाः । ओष॑धीः । दे॒वऽगो॑पाः ॥

• idaṃ ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• vacaḥ ← vacas
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

• parjanyāya ← parjanya
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “cloud; Parjanya; Indra; nimbus.”

• svarāje ← sva
• [noun]
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• svarāje ← rāje ← rāj
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “king; best; rāj; rāj [word].”

• hṛdo ← hṛdaḥ ← hṛd
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “heart; heart; mind; breast; hṛd [word].”

• astv ← astu ← as
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• antaraṃ ← antaram ← antara
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “another(a); other; interior; different; near; intermediate; following.”

• taj ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• jujoṣat ← juṣ
• [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
• “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

• mayobhuvo ← mayobhuvaḥ ← mayobhu
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine

• vṛṣṭayaḥ ← vṛṣṭi
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “rain; shower; rainy season.”

• santv ← santu ← as
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• asme ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• supippalā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• supippalā ← pippalāḥ ← pippala
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “berry.”

• oṣadhīr ← oṣadhīḥ ← oṣadhī
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “herb; plant; drug; herb.”

• devagopāḥ ← deva
• [noun], masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• devagopāḥ ← gopāḥ ← gopā
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “herder; defender.”

इदं वचः वचनं स्तोत्रं स्वराजे स्वायत्तदीप्तये पर्जन्याय क्रियते । एतच्च हृदः तदीयस्य हृदयस्य अन्तरम् अन्तर्गतम् अस्तु। स च तत् स्तोत्रं जुजोषत् सेवताम् ।‘जुषी प्रीतिसेवनयोः’। लेट्यडागमश्छान्दसः । शपः श्लुः । मयोभुवः सुखस्य भावयित्र्यः वृष्टयः अस्मे अस्माकं तत्प्रसादात् सन्तु भवन्तु । तथा देवगोपाः देवः पर्जन्यो गोपायिता रक्षिता यासां तथाविधाः ओषधीः ओषधयश्च सुपिप्पलाः सुफला अस्माकं भवन्तु ॥

English translation:

“This praise is addressed to the self-irradiating Parjanya; may it be plural ced in his heart; may he begratified by it; may the joy-diffusing rains be ours; may the plural nts cherished by the deiy be fruitful.”

Here is a speech for Parjanya the self-ruling: let it be the intimate of his heart. He will enjoy it.
Let there be joy-bringing rain for us; let the plants whose protectors are the gods be well-berried.

The subjunctive jujoṣat in b would fit the context better with a modal reading (“let him enjoy it / may he enjoy it”), surrounded as it is by impvs. (astu b, santu c) – though the standard rendering of the subjunctive, as given in the published translation, is certainly not excluded.

May this my song to Sovran Lord Parjanya come near unto his heart and give him pleasure.
May we obtain the showers that bring enjoyment, and God-protected plants with goodly fruitage.

Diese Rede für den Selbstherrscher Parjanya soll seinem Herzen recht nahe gehen; er möge sich daran erfreuen. Erquickende Regen sollen uns werden; die gottbehüteten Pflanzen sollen gute Beeren tragen.

Dies Spruchlied sei dem herrschenden Pardschanja im Herzen lieb, er mög sich dran erfreuen; Lustreiche Regen seien unser Antheil und fruchtbeladne Kräuter, gottbeschirmet.

Эта речь для Парджаньи-самодержца
Пусть станет близкой (его) сердцу, пусть он насладиться (ею)!
Пусть капли дождя будут ободряющими для нас!
(Пусть) растения, охраняемые богами, (дадут) прекрасные ягоды!

• पर्जन्यः
• वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (अस्मे) हमारे लिये (मयः, भुवः, वृष्टयः, सन्तु) वृष्टियें आनन्द के बरसानेवाली हों (सुपिप्पलाः) और सुन्दर फलोंवाली ओषधियें हों (देवगोपाः) और उनके विद्वान् लोग प्रयोग करनेवाले हों, (इदं, वच) यह वाणी (पर्जन्याय, स्वराजे) स्वतन्त्र राजा जो प्रजा के ऊपर पर्जन्य की तरह वृष्टि करनेवाला हो, उसके प्रति कथन करनी चाहिये, (हृदः, अस्तु, अन्तरम्) तुम्हारे हृदयगत यह वाणी हो (तत् जुजोषत्) और इस को सेवन करो ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि हे उद्गातादि लोगो ! तुम लोग अपने सम्राट् के हृदय में इस बात को बलपूर्वक भर दो कि जिस प्रकार वृष्टिकर्त्ता मेघ हम पर वृष्टि करके नाना प्रकार की ओषधियें उत्पन्न करते हैं और जिस प्रकार परमात्मा इस संसार में आनन्द की वृष्टि करता है, इसी प्रकार हे राजन् ! आप अपनी प्रजा के लिये न्यायनियम से सुख के वृष्टिकर्त्ता हों ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! (अस्मे) अस्मभ्यं (मयः, भुवः, वृष्टयः, सन्तु) वृष्टय आनन्दवर्षणशीला भवन्तु (सुपिप्पलाः, ओषधीः) मनोज्ञफलशालिन्य ओषधयश्च सन्तु (देवगोपाः) तासां प्रयोक्तारश्च तज्ज्ञविद्वांसो भवेयुः (इदम्, वचः) इयं मदुक्ता वाग् (पर्जन्याय, स्वराजे) यः प्रजासु मेघ इव तृप्तिमभिजनयति तस्मै राज्ञे निवेदनीया ततस्तस्य पुरो वक्ष्यमाणं प्रार्थनीयं (हृदः अस्तु अन्तरम्) इयं मत्प्रार्थनाविषयकवाग् भवद्हृद्गता भवत्विति (तत्, जुजोषत्) तां वाणीं सेवेत भवानिति च ॥५॥

• देवता - पर्जन्यः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स꣡ रेतोधा꣡ वृषभः꣡ श꣡श्वतीनां
त꣡स्मिन्न् आत्मा꣡ ज꣡गतस् तस्थु꣡षश् च
त꣡न् म र्त꣡म् पातु शत꣡शारदाय
यूय꣡म् पात सुअस्ति꣡भिः स꣡दा नः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre D;; repeated line
genre D
genre D
genre D;; repeated line

Morph
retodhā́ḥ ← retodhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śáśvatīnām ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

vr̥ṣabháḥ ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ātmā́ ← ātmán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)
{}

jágataḥ ← jágat- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

tásmin ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tasthúṣaḥ ← √sthā- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

me ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

pātu ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

r̥tám ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śatáśāradāya ← śatáśārada- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pāta ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sádā ← sádā (invariable)
{}

svastíbhiḥ ← svastí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

yūyám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

सः । रे॒तः॒ऽधाः । वृ॒ष॒भः । शश्व॑तीनाम् । तस्मि॑न् । आ॒त्मा । जग॑तः । त॒स्थुषः॑ । च॒ ।
तत् । मा॒ । ऋ॒तम् । पा॒तु॒ । श॒तऽशा॑रदाय । यू॒यम् । पा॒त॒ । स्व॒स्तिऽभिः॑ । सदा॑ । नः॒ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• retodhā ← retodhāḥ ← retodhā
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• vṛṣabhaḥ ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

• śaśvatīnāṃ ← śaśvatīnām ← śaśvat
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “all(a).”

• tasminn ← tasmin ← tad
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ātmā ← ātman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “self; nature; Ātman; mind; soul; self; body; character; ātman [word]; person; life; peculiarity.”

• jagatas ← jagataḥ ← jagat
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “movable; Jagatī; moving.”

• tasthuṣaś ← tasthuṣaḥ ← sthā
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• tan ← tat ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ma ← me ← mad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “I; mine.”

• ṛtam ← ṛta
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• pātu ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “protect; govern.”

• śataśāradāya ← śata
• [noun], neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• śataśāradāya ← śāradāya ← śārada
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “autumnal; śārada [word]; autumn(a).”

• yūyam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “you.”

• pāta ← pā
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “protect; govern.”

• svastibhiḥ ← svasti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”

• sadā
• [adverb]
• “always; continually; always; perpetually.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

सः पर्जन्यः शश्वतीनां बह्वीनामोषधीनां रेतोधाः रेतस उदकस्य बीजभूतस्य धाता विनिधाता भवति । वृषभः इत्युपमा । यथा कश्चिद्वृषभो बह्वीनां गवां गर्भस्याधाता भवति तद्वत् । अतः तस्मिन् पर्जन्ये जगतः जङ्गमस्य तस्थुषः स्थावरस्य च आत्मा देहो वर्तते । तत् पर्जन्येन दत्तम् ऋतम् उदकं मा मां शतशारदाय शतसंवत्सरजीवनार्थ पातु रक्षतु ॥ माशब्दस्य ‘ ऋत्यकः ’ इति प्रकृतिभावो ह्रस्वत्वं च । अन्यद्गतम् ॥ ॥ १ ॥

English translation:

“May he, the bull, be the impregnator of the perpetual plural ns, for in him is the vitality of both the fixed andmoveable (world); may the rain sent by him preserve me for a hundred years; and do you (gods) ever cherish uswith blessings.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

May he: atas = he is, instrumental ad of: for he has; in him is the vitality: tasminnātmā = deha, body;perhaps the life of the vegetable world depending upon the rain, and that of animals upon corn and the rest

“The bull is the inseminator of each and every (plant). In him is the life-breath of the moving (world) and of the still.”
Let this truth be protective of me for a hundred autumns. – Do you
protect us always with your blessings.

With Lüders (506), I take the first hemistich as a truth-formulation, summarily referred to by tád ṛtaṃ “this truth” beginning c.

He is the Bull of all, and their impregner lie holds the life of all things fixed and moving.
May this rite save me till my hundredth autumn. Preserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.

Er ist der besamende Stier aller Pflanzen, in ihm ist die Seele dessen, was geht und steht. Diese Wahrheit soll mich schützen zu hundertjährigem Leben.-Behütet ihr uns immerdar mit eurem Segen!

Er ist der Stier, der alles stets befruchtet, der Odem dessen, was da steht und wandert; Dies Opfer schütze mich auf hundert Jahre. Ihr Götter, schützt uns stets mit eurem Segen.

Он бык, вкладывающий семя во все (растения),
В нем жизненный дух живого и неподвижного (мира).
Эта истина да сохранит меня для жизни в сто осеней!
Защищайте вы нас всегда (своими) милостями.

• पर्जन्यः
• वसिष्ठः कुमारो वाग्नेयः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) वह परमात्मा (रेतोधाः) प्रकृतिरूप बीज के धारण करनेवाला है, (शश्वतीनाम्) अनन्त प्रजाओं में (वृषभः) वर्षिता (निरु. १, ८) सुख की वृष्टि करनेवाला है, (तस्मिन्) उसी परमात्मा में (जगतः, तस्थुषः, च) स्थावर और जङ्गम संसार के सब जीव विराजमान हैं, (तत्) वह ब्रह्म (शतशारदाय) सैकड़ों वर्षों तक (मा) हमारी (ऋतम्) सच्चाई की (पातु) रक्षा करे, हे परमात्मन् ! (यूयम्) आप (स्वस्तिभिः) मङ्गल कार्यों द्वारा (सदा) सदैव (नः) हमारी (पात) रक्षा करें ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जिस परमात्मा में चराचर सब जीव निवास करते हैं और जो प्रकृतिरूपी बीजकोष धारण किये हुए है, अर्थात् जिससे तीनों गुणों की साम्यावस्थारूप प्रकृति और जीवरूप प्रकृति सदा भिन्न होकर विराजमान हैं, उसी एकमात्र परमात्मा से अपने सदाचार और सत्यता की प्रार्थना करनी चाहिये ॥६॥ यह १०१वाँ सूक्त और पहला वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) स परमात्मा (रेतोधाः) प्रकृतिरूपबीजस्य धाता तथा (शश्वतीनाम्) अनन्तासु प्रजासु (वृषभः) वर्षिता सुखानां (तस्मिन्) तस्मिन्नेव परमात्मनि (जगतः, तस्थुषश्च) स्थावरा जङ्गमाश्च जीवा वर्तन्ते (तत्) स ईश्वरः (शतशारदाय) वर्षशतपर्यन्तं (मा) मम (ऋतम्) सत्यं (पातु) रक्षतु, हे परमात्मन्, (यूयम्) भवान् (स्वस्तिभिः) मङ्गलवाग्भिः (सदा) शश्वत् (नः) अस्मान् (पात) रक्षतु ॥६॥इत्येकोत्तरशततमं सूक्तं प्रथमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥