०९५

• देवता - सरस्वती
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्र᳓ क्षो᳓दसा धा᳓यसा सस्र एषा᳓
स᳓रस्वती धरु᳓णम् आ᳓यसी पूः᳓
प्रबा᳓बधाना रथि᳓येव याति
वि᳓श्वा अपो᳓ महिना᳓ सि᳓न्धुर् अन्याः᳓

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dhā́yasā ← dhā́yas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

eṣā́ ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

kṣódasā ← kṣódas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

sasre ← √sr̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ā́yasī ← āyasá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

dharúṇam ← dharúṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pū́ḥ ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sárasvatī ← sárasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

prabā́badhānā ← √bādhⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rathyā̀ ← rathī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

yāti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

anyā́ḥ ← anyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

mahinā́ ← mahimán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

síndhuḥ ← síndhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

víśvāḥ ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

प्र । क्षोद॑सा । धाय॑सा । स॒स्रे॒ । ए॒षा । सर॑स्वती । ध॒रुण॑म् । आय॑सी । पूः ।
प्र॒ऽबाब॑धाना । र॒थ्या॑ऽइव । या॒ति॒ । विश्वाः॑ । अ॒पः । म॒हि॒ना । सिन्धुः॑ । अ॒न्याः ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• kṣodasā ← kṣodas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “swell.”

• dhāyasā ← dhāyas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “alimentary; sustaining.”

• sasra ← sasre ← sṛ
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “sṛ; liquefy; run; spread; stretch out.”

• eṣā ← etad
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• sarasvatī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

• dharuṇam ← dharuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “prop; foundation.”

• āyasī ← āyasa
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “iron; metallic.”

• pūḥ ← pur
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• prabābadhānā ← prabadbadh ← √bādh
• [verb noun], nominative, singular

• rathyeva ← rathyā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “road; way; highway.”

• rathyeva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• yāti ← yā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• viśvā ← viśvāḥ ← viśva
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• apo ← apaḥ ← ap
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• mahinā ← mahina
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “greatness; enormousness.”

• sindhur ← sindhuḥ ← sindhu
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “river; Indus; sindhu [word].”

• anyāḥ ← anya
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

सरस्वत्या एषा नदीवन्निगमा । एषा दृश्यमाना नदीरूपा सरस्वती आयसी अयसा निर्मिता पूः पुरीव धरुणम् । लिङ्गव्यत्ययः । धरुणा धारयित्री धायसा धारकेण क्षोदसा उदकेन प्र सस्रे प्रधावति शीघ्रं गच्छति । सिन्धुः स्यन्दनशीला नदीरूपा सा अन्याः विश्वाः सर्वाः अपः आपगाः महिना महिम्ना प्रबाबधाना भृशं बाधमाना रथ्येव प्रतोलीव विस्तीर्णा सती याति गच्छति । यद्वा । रथ्येव रथिनेव यथा रथी रथेन मार्गस्थं तरुगुल्मादिकं चूर्णीकृत्य गच्छति तद्वत् स्वकीयेन वेगेन सर्वं संपिंषती गच्छतीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“This Sarasvatī, firm as a city made of metal, flows rapidly with all sustaining water, sweeping away inits might all other waters, as a charioteer (clears the road).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Firm as a city: dharuṇam āyasi pūḥ = ayasanirmita purīva;

Dharuṇam = dharuṇa, dhārayitrī, supporter

She has flowed forth with her surge, with her nourishment—Sarasvatī is a buttress, a metal fortress.
Thrusting forward all the other waters with her greatness, the river drives like a lady-charioteer.

The problem in this vs. is rathyèva in c. Contextually the most obvious interpr. is as a nom. sg. fem., subject of yāti, but assuming the correctness of the Pp.

reading, rathyā̀iva (and there is no other viable alternative), it is difficult to find a way to get there morphologically. If it belongs to the vṛkī-inflected rathī́- ‘charioteer’, the nom. sg. should of course be rathī́s. Grassmann assigns it to this stem, but as an instr. sg., but who would this other charioteer in the instr. be? Geldner/Renou also interpr.

as an instr., but to a stem rathyā̀- ‘Fahrstrasse’ / ‘une route-carrosable’. See Geldner’s somewhat opaque comm. in the 4th vol. of his tr. (p. 252, col. 3, ad II.4.6b) and Oldenberg’s more illuminating one, interpreting a previous, but similar formulation of Geldner’s (ZDMG 61 [1907] 831-32 = Kl.Sch.262-63). Oldenberg himself prefers an interpr. as an acc. pl. rathyàḥ with double application of sandhi (to nom./acc. pl. *rathyàs iva).

Here the acc. pl. would presumably be parallel to “all the other waters” that Sarasvatī pushes ahead of her, but the simile would ill fit the passage. (Oldenberg does not transl.) The sequence rathyèva occurs several times elsewhere: II.39.2, 3, III.33.2, 36.6, VII.39.1. In all but III.36.6, rathyā̀is clearly the correct dual nom./acc. to the vṛkīstem, and in III.36.6 I interpret it also as a dual (contra most interpr.), for reasons given in the comm. ad loc. But here that solution, wedding morphology and sense, will not work. My ad hoc and admittedly entirely unsatisfactory “solution” here is to take it as a nonce fem. nom. sg. in -ā, perhaps based on asuryā̀(also nom. sg. fem.) in the 1st vs. of the next hymn (VII.96.1), also of Sarasvatī. The hymns are twinned and can be read against each other.

THIS stream Sarasvati with fostering current comes forth, our sure defence, our fort of iron.
As on a car, the flood flows on, surpassing in majesty and might all other waters.

Mit labender Flut eilte sie voraus; Sarasvati ist ein Bollwerk und eine eherne Burg. Wie auf einer Fahrstraße zieht der Strom dahin, indem er durch seine Größe alle anderen Gewässer fortreißt.

Mit nahrungsreichen Wogen strömte diese Sarasvati, die eh’rne Burg, die Feste, Die Sindhu mächtig wie im Wagen fahrend, geht, alle andern Flüsse überholend.

Она понеслась вперед питательным бурлящим потоком.
Сарасвати – оплот, железная крепость.
Река мчится, словно по проезжей дороге,
Мощно обгоняя (своим) напором все другие воды.

• सरस्वती
• वसिष्ठः
• पादनिचृतत्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब प्रसङ्गसङ्गति से सरस्वती देवी विद्या को वर्णन करते हैं, जिसकी प्राप्ति से पुरुष कर्मयोगी और ज्ञानयोगी बनते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सरस्वती) यहनिघण्टु २।२३।५७ में वाणी के नामों में पढ़ा है, इसलिए सरस्वती यहाँ विद्या का नाम है। व्युत्पत्ति इसकी इस प्रकार है, “सरो ज्ञानं विद्यतेस्या असौ सरस्वती” जो ज्ञानवाली हो, उसका नाम सरस्वती है। सरस्वती विद्या (धरुणम्) सब ज्ञानों का आधार है (आयसी) ऐसी दृढ़ है कि मानों लोहे की बनी हुई है, (पूः) सब प्रकार के अभ्युदयों के लिए एक पुरी के सदृश है, (प्र, क्षोदसा) अज्ञानों के नाश करनेवाले (धायसा) वेग से (सस्रे) अनवरत प्रवाह से संसार को सिञ्चन कर रही है, (एषा) यह ब्रह्मविद्यारूप (प्र, बाबधाना) अत्यन्त वेग से (रथ्या, इव) नदी के समान (याति) गमन करती और (महिना) अपने महत्त्व से (सिन्धुः) स्यन्दन करती हुई (विश्वा, अपः) सब जलों को ले जानेवाली (अन्याः) और है ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि हे मनुष्यों ! ब्रह्मविद्यारूपी नदी सब प्रकार के अज्ञानादि पाप-पङ्कों को बहा ले जाती है और यही नदी भुवनत्रय को पवित्र करती अर्थात् अन्य जो भौतिक नदियें हैं, वे किसी एक प्रदेश को पवित्र करती हैं और यह सबको पवित्र करनेवाली है, इसलिए इसकी उनसे विलक्षणता है। तात्पर्य यह है कि यह विद्यारूपी नदी आध्यात्मिक पवित्रता का संचार और भौतिक नदी बाह्य पवित्रता का संचार करती है। कई एक टीकाकारों ने सरस्वती शब्द के वास्तविक अर्थ को न समझ कर यहाँ भौतिक नदी के अर्थ किये हैं। उन्होंने अत्यन्त भूल की है, जोनिघण्टुमें ५७ प्रकार के वाणी के अर्थों में रहते हुए भी सरस्वती शब्द को एक जल-नदी के अर्थों में लगा दिया। इस प्रकार की भारी भूलों के भर जाने से ही वेदार्थकलङ्कित हो रहाहै। अस्तु, सरस्वती शब्द से यहाँ ब्रह्मविद्यारूपी ग्रहण है। मालूम होता है कि वेद के ऐसे गूढ़ स्थलों को न समझने से ही भारतवर्ष में नदियों की पूजा होने लग गयी ॥१॥

अथ सरस्वतीपदवाच्याया ब्रह्मविद्याया गुणा उपदिश्यन्ते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सरस्वती) सरस्वती विद्या (धरुणम्) अखिलज्ञानाधारास्ति (आयसी) लोहमिव दृढा चास्ति (पूः) अभ्युदये च नगरीव (प्र, क्षोदसा) अज्ञाननाशकेन (धायसा) वेगेन (सस्रे) सततप्रवाहेण संसारं सिञ्चतीव (एषा) इयं ब्रह्मविद्यात्मिका (प्र, बाबधाना) अत्यन्तवेगेन (रथ्या, इव) नदीव (याति) गच्छति तथा (महिना) स्वमहिम्ना (सिन्धुः) स्यन्दमाना (विश्वा, अपः) सर्वजलानां नेत्री (अन्याः) इतरास्ति ॥१॥

• देवता - सरस्वती
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ए᳓काचेतत् स᳓रस्वती नदी᳓नां
शु᳓चिर् यती᳓ गिरि᳓भ्य आ᳓ समुद्रा᳓त्
राय᳓श् चे᳓तन्ती भु᳓वनस्य भू᳓रेर्
घृत᳓म् प᳓यो दुदुहे ना᳓हुषाय

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
acetat ← √cit- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

ékā ← éka- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

nadī́nām ← nadī́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

sárasvatī ← sárasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

giríbhyaḥ ← girí- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:PL}

samudrā́t ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

śúciḥ ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

yatī́ ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

bhū́reḥ ← bhū́ri- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

bhúvanasya ← bhúvana- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

cétantī ← √cit- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rāyáḥ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{gender:M}

duduhe ← √duh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

ghr̥tám ← ghr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

nā́huṣāya ← nā́huṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

एका॑ । अ॒चे॒त॒त् । सर॑स्वती । न॒दीना॑म् । शुचिः॑ । य॒ती । गि॒रिऽभ्यः॑ । आ । स॒मु॒द्रात् ।
रा॒यः । चेत॑न्ती । भुव॑नस्य । भूरेः॑ । घृ॒तम् । पयः॑ । दु॒दु॒हे॒ । नाहु॑षाय ॥

• ekācetat ← ekā ← eka
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

• ekācetat ← acetat ← cit
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

• sarasvatī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

• nadīnāṃ ← nadīnām ← nadī
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “river; nadī; nadī [word]; Premna spinosa Roxb..”

• śucir ← śuciḥ ← śuci
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• yatī ← i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

• giribhya ← giribhyaḥ ← giri
• [noun], ablative, plural, masculine
• “mountain; adri; rock; giri [word]; hill; śilājatu.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• samudrāt ← samudra
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• rāyaś ← rāyaḥ ← rai
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• cetantī ← cit
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

• bhuvanasya ← bhuvana
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”

• bhūrer ← bhūreḥ ← bhūri
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “much; many; much(a); abundant; rich; mighty; distinguished.”

• ghṛtam ← ghṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “ghee; fat.”

• payo ← payaḥ ← payas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”

• duduhe ← duh
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “milk.”

• nāhuṣāya ← nāhuṣa
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Yayāti.”

सहस्रवत्सरेण क्रतुना यक्ष्यमाणो नाहुषो नाम राजा सरस्वतीं नदीं प्रार्थयामास । सा च तस्मै सहस्रसंवत्सरपर्याप्तं पयो घृतं च प्रददौ । अथमर्थोऽत्र प्रतिपाद्यते । नदीनाम् अन्यासां मध्ये शुचिः शुद्धा गिरिभ्यः सकाशात् आ समुद्रात् समुद्रपर्यन्तं यती गच्छन्ती एका सरस्वती नदी अचेतत् । नाहुषस्य प्रार्थनामज्ञासीत् । तथा भुवनस्य भूतजातस्य भूरेः बहुलस्य रायः धनानि चेतन्ती प्रज्ञापयन्ती प्रयच्छन्ती नाहुषाय राज्ञे घृतं पयः च सहस्रसंवत्सरक्रतोः पर्याप्तं दुदुहे दुग्धवती दत्तवती ॥

English translation:

“Sarasvatī, chief and pure of rivers, flowing from the mountains to the ocean, understood the request ofNahuṣa, and distributing riches among the many existing beings, milked for him butter and water.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Milked for him:the legend is that king Nahuṣa, before performing a sacrifice for a thousand years, prayed to Sarasvatī, whogave him butter and water, or milk, sufficient for that period

Alone of the rivers, Sarasvatī shows clear, as she goes gleaming from the mountains all the way to the sea.
Taking note of the abundant wealth of the world, she has milked out ghee and milk for the Nāhuṣa.

By my interpr. (as well as the standard ones), this vs. contains two forms of the act. pres. stem céta-, 3rd sg. cetat (or acetat: see immed. below) in pāda a and part.

cétantī in c. The first is found in the sequence ékācetat, analyzed by the Pp. as ékā acetat. This is perfectly possible, but an injunctive form is equally possible on textual grounds and in my opinion would fit the presential/resultative context better. See Gotō (1st cl., 138 and n. 181), who so interprets it. In any case, I take it as intransitive ‘shows / appears’, with ś́úciḥ as the predicate adjective. In c the participle cétantī has 120 the sense ‘perceives, takes note’ and governs the gen. rāyáḥ. Given the semantic multivalence of the root √cit and the pleasure poets take in manipulating and juxtaposing its forms, this functional shift within a verse is not surprising. (Gotō [p.

138] also assigns different functions to the two forms.) The intrans. use of cetat is supported by cetati in the same usage in the next hymn (VII.96.3).

Pure in her course from mountains to the ocean, alone of streams Sarasvati hath listened.
Thinking of wealth and the great world of creatures, she poured for Nahusa her milk and fatness.

Einzig unter den Strömen hat sich Sarasvati hervorgetan, von den Bergen zum Meer klar fließend, den Reichtum der vielgestaltigen Welt kennend, spendet sie Schmalz und Milch dem Nahusstamm.

Sarasvati allein erschien als reinste der Fluten vom Gebirg’ zum Meere strömend; Des Reichthums achtend und des weiten Weltalls, strömt Milch und Fett sie zu den Uferwohnern.

Одна среди рек выделилась Сарасвати,
Стекая с гор, чистая, к морю.
Замечая богатство обширного мироздания,
Доится она для рода Нахуши жиром (и) молоком.

• सरस्वती
• वसिष्ठः
• आर्षीत्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (नदीनाम्) इन भौतिक नदियों के मध्य में (एका) एक ने (सरस्वती, अचेतत्) सरस्वतीरूप से सत्ता को लाभ किया, अर्थात् “सरांसि सन्ति यस्याः सा सरस्वती” जिस में बहुत सी क्षुद्र नदियाँ मिलें, उसका नाम सरस्वती है और जो (गिरिभ्यः) हिमालय से निकल कर (आ, समुद्रात्) समुद्र तक जाती है, वह सरस्वती (रायः, चेतन्ती) धन को देनेवाली है, (शुचिः, यती) पवित्ररूप से बहती है और वह (भुवनस्य) सांसारिक (नाहुषाय) मनुष्यों को (भूरेः) बहुत (घृतं) जल और (पयः) दूध से (दुदुहे) पूर्ण करती है॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि हे मनुष्यों ! ये भौतिक नदियें केवल सांसारिक धनों को और संसार में सुखदायक जल तथा दुग्धादि पदार्थों को देती हैं और विद्यारूपी सरस्वती आध्यात्मिक धन और ऐश्वर्य्य को देनेवाली है। बहुत से टीकाकारों ने इस मन्त्र के अर्थ इस प्रकार किये हैं कि सरस्वती नदी नहुष राजा के यज्ञ करने के लिए संसार में आयी अर्थात् जिस प्रकार यह जनप्रवाद है कि भगीरथ के तप करने से भागीरथी गङ्गा निकली, यह भी इसी प्रकार का एक अर्थवादमात्र है, क्योंकि यदि यह भी भागीरथी के समान आती, तो इसका नाम भी नाहुषी होना चाहिए था। अस्तु, इस प्रकार की कल्पित अनेक कथायें अज्ञान के समय में वेदार्थ में भर दी गयीं, जिनका वेदों में गन्ध भी नहीं, क्योंकि ‘नहुष’ शब्द की व्युत्पत्ति इस प्रकार है कि “नह्यति कर्मसु इति नहुषस्तदपत्यं नाहुषः” इससे ‘नाहुष’ शब्द का अर्थ यहाँ मनुष्यसन्तान है, कोई राजा विशेष नहीं। इसी से निरुक्तकार ने भी कहा है कि वेदों में शब्द यौगिक और योगरूढ़ हैं, केवल रूढ़ नहीं। इस बात को सायण ने भी अपनी भूमिका में माना है, फिर न मालूम क्यों, यहाँ राजा विशेष मान कर एक कल्पित कथा भर दी ॥२॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (नदीनाम्) आसु भौतिकनदीषु (एका) नदी (सरस्वती, अचेतत्) सरस्वतीरूपेण सत्त्वमलब्ध तथा या (गिरिभ्यः) गिरेः निःसृत्य (आसमुद्रात्) समुद्रपर्यन्तमेति सा (रायः, चेतन्ती) धनस्य दात्री (शुचिः, यती) पवित्ररूपेण वहन्ती तथा च सा (भुवनस्य) संसारस्य (नाहुषाय) मनुष्यान् (भूरेः) बहुतरेण (घृतम्) जलेन (पयः) क्षीरेण च (दुदुहे) पिपर्ति ॥२॥

• देवता - सरस्वान्
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स᳓ वावृधे न᳓रियो यो᳓षणासु
वृ᳓षा शि᳓शुर् वृषभो᳓ यज्ञि᳓यासु
स᳓ वाजि᳓नम् मघ᳓वद्भ्यो दधाति
वि᳓ सात᳓ये तनु᳓वम् मामृजीत

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
náryaḥ ← nárya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vāvr̥dhe ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

yóṣaṇāsu ← yóṣaṇā- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

śíśuḥ ← śíśu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vŕ̥ṣā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ṣabháḥ ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yajñíyāsu ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

dadhāti ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

maghávadbhyaḥ ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vājínam ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

māmr̥jīta ← √mr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

sātáye ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

tanvàm ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

सः । व॒वृ॒धे॒ । नर्यः॑ । योष॑णासु । वृषा॑ । शिशुः॑ । वृ॒ष॒भः । य॒ज्ञिया॑सु ।
सः । वा॒जिन॑म् । म॒घव॑त्ऽभ्यः । द॒धा॒ति॒ । वि । सा॒तये॑ । त॒न्व॑म् । म॒मृ॒जी॒त॒ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vāvṛdhe ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• naryo ← naryaḥ ← narya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “manly; heroic; powerful; male; human.”

• yoṣaṇāsu ← yoṣaṇā
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “girl; wife.”

• vṛṣā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bullocky; potent; powerful; strong; manly; aroused; potent; much(a); male; large.”

• śiśur ← śiśuḥ ← śiśu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “young; matutinal.”

• vṛṣabho ← vṛṣabhaḥ ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

• yajñiyāsu ← yajñiya
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vājinam ← vājin
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

• maghavadbhyo ← maghavadbhyaḥ ← maghavan
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “big.”

• dadhāti ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• sātaye ← sāti
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• tanvam ← tanū
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

• māmṛjīta ← mṛj
• [verb], singular, Perfect optative
• “purify; polish; rub; remove.”

मध्यस्थानो वायुः सरस्वान् । नर्यः नृभ्यो हितः वृषा सेचनसमर्थः शिशुः अल्पः प्रादुर्भावसमयेऽल्पतया दृश्यमानः वृषभः वर्षिता एवंभूतः सः सरस्वान् यज्ञियासु यज्ञार्हासु योषणासु योषित्स्वात्मनः कलत्रभूतासु मध्यमस्थानास्वप्सु मध्ये ववृधे वर्धते । सः तादृशः सरस्वान् मघवद्भ्यः हविष्मद्भ्यो यजमानेभ्यः वाजिनं बलिनं पुत्रं दधाति ददाति । तथा सातये लाभार्थं तन्वं तेषां शरीरं वि मामृजीत विमार्ष्टि । लाभार्थं संस्करोतीत्यर्थः । यद्यप्येषा सरस्वतः स्तुतिस्तथापि सरस्वत्याः प्रीणनार्थं तत्स्तवनमिति छान्दोमिके सारस्वते तृचेऽस्या उक्तो विनियोगो न विरुध्यते ॥

English translation:

“The showerer Sarasvat, the friend of man, a showerer (of benefits), even while yet a child, continuallyincreases among his adorable wives (the rains); he bestows upon the affluent (worshippers) a vigorous son; hepurifies their person ns (to fit them) for the reception (of his bounties).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sarasvat: Sarasvat is the wind Vāyu in thefirmament, madhyasthāno vāyuḥ sarasvat

He has grown strong as a manly one among maidens, a bullish bull calf among the (river-maidens) worthy of the sacrifice.
He provides a prizewinner to the benefactors. He should groom his body for winning.

The male subject of this vs. is not identified, but the Anukramaṇī identifies him as Sarasvant. This seems correct (despite doubts raised, e.g., by Oldenberg), given that half of the following hymn, the 2nd tṛca (VII.96.4-6), is devoted to him and he is mentioned by name in all three vss. The two hymns VII.95 and 96, despite being in different meter, should be read against each other. See comm. ad vs. 1 above.

I take med. māmṛjīta as reflexive, with Sarasvant both subj. and obj. (so also, apparently, Kümmel 373), though Geldner thinks that the obj. is the racehorse and Renou that both subj. and obj. are the racehorse.

Friendly to man he grew among the women, a strong young Steer amid the Holy Ladies.
He gives the fleet steed to our wealthy princes, and decks their bodies for success in battle.

Er ist als der Männliche unter den jungen Frauen, der männliche junge Bulle unter den opferwürdigen Göttinnen herangewachsen. Er verschafft den Gönnern ein Siegesroß. Er möge seinen Leib reinigen, daß es den Sieg gewinne.

Und bei den Jungfraun wuchs der kräft’ge Stier auf, der junge Bull bei den erhabnen Weibern; Er schenket schnelles Ross den Opferherren und schmückt zum Spenden seinen eignen Leib aus.

Он вырос мужем среди юных жен,
Мужественный молодой бык среди (богинь), достойных жертв.
Он дает щедрым (покровителям) скакуна, приносящего награду.
Пусть он начистит тело для захвата (награды)!

• सरस्वान्
• वसिष्ठः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब प्रसङ्गसङ्गति से पूर्वोक्त आध्यात्मिक विद्यारूप सरस्वती का ज्ञानरूप से कथन करते हैं।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) वह बोध (नर्यः) मनुष्यों के लिए और (योषणासु) स्त्रियों के लिए (वावृधे) वृद्धि को प्राप्त हुआ है और वह बोध (यज्ञियासु) यज्ञीय बुद्धिरूपी भूमियों में (वृषा) वृष्टि करनेवाला है और (शिशुः) अज्ञानादिकों का छेदन करनेवाला है, “श्यति अज्ञानादिकमिति शिशुः” “शो तनूकरणे”, (वृषभः) और आध्यात्मिक आनन्दों की वृष्टि करनेवाला है और वही (मघवद्भ्यः) याज्ञिक लोगों को (वाजिनं) बल (दधाति) देता है और (सातये) युद्ध के लिये (तन्वं) शरीर को (विमामृजीत) मार्जन करता है॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सरस्वती विद्या से उत्पन्न हुआ प्रबोधरूप पुत्र स्त्री-पुरुष को संस्कार करके देवता बनाता है और यज्ञकर्मा लोगों को याज्ञिक बनाता है। बहुत क्या, जो युद्धों में आत्मत्याग करके शूरवीर बनते हैं, उनको इतने साहसी और निर्भीक एकमात्र सरस्वती विद्या से उत्पन्न हुआ प्रबोधरूप पुत्र ही शूरवीर बनाता है, अन्य नहीं ॥३॥

अथ प्रसङ्गसङ्गत्या पूर्वोक्ताध्यात्मिकविद्यारूपसरस्वत्या ज्ञानमयत्वमुच्यते।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) स बोधः (नर्यः) मनुष्येभ्यः (योषणासु) स्त्रीभ्यश्च (वावृधे) वृद्धिमाप, तथा (यज्ञियासु) यज्ञीयबुद्धिभूमिषु (वृषा) वर्षितास्ति (शिशुः) अज्ञानच्छेदकः (वृषभः) ऋतानन्दस्य वर्षिता चास्ति, स एव च (मघवद्भ्यः) याज्ञिकेभ्यः (वाजिनम्) बलं (दधाति) प्रयच्छति, स एव च (सातये) युद्धाय (वि) निश्चयं (तन्वम्) शरीरं (मामृजीत) संशोध्य योग्यं करोति ॥३॥

• देवता - सरस्वती
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

उत᳓ स्या᳓ नः स᳓रस्वती जुषाणा᳓
उ᳓प श्रवत् सुभ᳓गा यज्णे᳓ अस्मि᳓न्
मित᳓ज्ञुभिर् नमसि᳓यैर् इयाना᳓
राया᳓ युजा᳓ चिद् उ᳓त्तरा स᳓खिभ्यः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
juṣāṇā́ ← √juṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

sárasvatī ← sárasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

syā́ ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

utá ← utá (invariable)

asmín ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śravat ← √śru- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

subhágā ← subhága- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

yajñé ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

iyānā́ ← √yā- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

mitájñubhiḥ ← mitájñu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

namasyaìḥ ← namasyà- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

cit ← cit (invariable)

rāyā́ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

sákhibhyaḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:PL}

úttarā ← úttara- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

yujā́ ← yúj- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

उ॒त । स्या । नः॒ । सर॑स्वती । जु॒षा॒णा । उप॑ । श्र॒व॒त् । सु॒ऽभगा॑ । य॒ज्ञे । अ॒स्मिन् ।
मि॒तज्ञु॑ऽभिः । न॒म॒स्यैः॑ । इ॒या॒ना । रा॒या । यु॒जा । चि॒त् । उत्ऽत॑रा । सखि॑ऽभ्यः ॥

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• syā ← syāḥ ← as
• [verb], singular, Present optative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• sarasvatī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

• juṣāṇopa ← juṣāṇā ← juṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

• juṣāṇopa ← upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• śravat ← śru
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• subhagā ← subhaga
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “beautiful; auspicious; beloved; fine-looking; fortunate; subhaga [word]; charming; pleasing; lucky.”

• yajñe ← yajña
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• asmin ← idam
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• mitajñubhir ← mitajñubhiḥ ← mitajñu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “kneeling.”

• namasyair ← namasyaiḥ ← namasya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “honorable; august; respectful; esteemed.”

• iyānā ← ī ← √i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “beg; solicit.”

• rāyā ← rai
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• yujā ← yuj
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• uttarā ← uttara
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “northern; following; upper; additional; better; more(a); last; concluding; superior; later(a); uttara [word]; prevailing; future; left; northerly; northerly; higher; second; dominant; excellent; chief(a).”

• sakhibhyaḥ ← sakhi
• [noun], ablative, plural, masculine
• “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

उत अपि च जुषाणा प्रीयमाणा सुभगा शोभनधना स्या सा सरस्वती नः अस्माकम् अस्मिन् यज्ञे उप श्रवत् । अस्मदीयाः स्तुतीरुपशृणोतु । कीदृशी सा। मितज्ञुभिः प्रह्वैर्जानुभिः नमस्यैः नमस्कारैर्देवैः इयाना उपगम्यमाना । चिच्छब्दश्चार्थे । युजा नित्ययुक्तेन राया धनेन च संगता सखिभ्यः उत्तरा उत्कृष्टतरा । ईदृश्यस्मदीयाः स्तुतीरुपशृणोत्वित्यन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“May the auspicious and gracious Sarasvatī hear (our praises) at this sacrifice, approached as she iswith reverence and with bended knees, and most liberal to her friends with the riches she possesses.”

And this Sarasvatī, the well-portioned, will harken to this sacrifice of ours, taking pleasure in it,
being implored by reverential ones with their knees fixed. With wealth as her yokemate, she is even higher than her companions.

On mitá-jñu- see comm. ad VI.32.3.

The sákhibhyaḥ of the final pāda must be Sarasvatī’s sister rivers. As Oldenberg points out, the stem sákhi- can be used of females as well as males; fem. sákhī- is absent from the older language. See also Renou ad loc. For the glorification of Sarasvatī over the other rivers, see vs. 1 and implicitly vs. 2, as well as the 1st vs. of the next hymn (VII.96.1) and VI.61.9, 10, 13. The formulation “higher than ABL” is identical to the boast of the victorious co-wife in X.145.3 úttarāhám … úttaréd úttarābhyaḥ “I am higher, higher even than the higher ones (fem.).”

May this Sarasvati be pleased and listen at this our sacrifice, auspicious Lady,
When we with reverence, on our knees, implore her close-knit to wealth, most kind to those she loveth.

Auch diese Sarasvati möge gern bei diesem Opfer zuhören, die Holde, der die Huldiger mit aufgestemmten Knieen nahen. Im Bunde mit dem Reichtum selbst geht sie über alle Freunde.

Es hör uns auch Sarasvati, die sel’ge, an diesem Opfer Wohlgefallen findend, Von rüstigen Verehrern angerufen, mit Gaben kommend reichlicher als Freunde.

А также эта Сарасвати пусть прислушается к нам,
Радуясь этому жертвоприношению, (она), несущая счастье,
Когда ее просят почитающие (ее люди), твердо стоящие на коленях.
Именно благодаря союзу с богатством она выше (всех) друзей.

• सरस्वती
• वसिष्ठः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (स्या, सरस्वती) वह सरस्वती (नः) हमारे लिए (जुषाणा) सेवन की हुई (अस्मिन्) इस ब्रह्मविद्यारूपी (यज्ञे) यज्ञ में (श्रवत्) आनन्द की वृष्टि करती है (उत) और (मितज्ञुभिः) संयमी पुरुषों द्वारा (इयाना) प्राप्त हुई (सुभगा, राया) धन से मित्रों को वृद्धियुक्त करती है, (चिदुत्तरा) उत्तरोत्तर सौन्दर्य्य को देनेवाली (नमस्यैः) नमस्कार से और (सखिभ्यः) मित्रों को सदैव वृद्धियुक्त करती है॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सरस्वती विद्या यदि संयमी पुरुषों द्वारा अर्थात् सदाचारी पुरुषों द्वारा उपदेश की जाय, तो पुरुष को ऐश्वर्य्यशाली बनाती है, सदा के लिए अभ्युदयसम्पन्न करती है ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (स्या, उत, सरस्वती) सा सरस्वती (नः) अस्मभ्यं (जुषाणा) हितं चरन्ती (अस्मिन्) एतस्मिन् (यज्ञे) ऋते (श्रवत्, सुभगा) शोभमाना विराजते (नमस्यैः) स्तोतृभिः (मितज्ञुभिः) संयमीभिः (इयाना) प्राप्यमाणा (राया) धनेन (सखिभ्यः) मित्राणि (चित्, उत्तरा) उत्तरोत्तरं हि (युजा) संयोज्य वर्द्धयति ॥४॥

• देवता - सरस्वती
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

इमा᳓ जु᳓ह्वाना युष्म᳓द् आ᳓ न᳓मोभिः
प्र᳓ति स्तो᳓मं सरस्वति जुषस्व
त᳓व श᳓र्मन् प्रिय᳓तमे द᳓धाना
उ᳓प स्थेयाम शरणं᳓ न᳓ वृक्ष᳓म्

इ॒मा जुह्वा॑नायु॒ष्मदा नमो॑भिः । प्रति॒ स्तोमँ॑ सरस्वति जुषस्व । तव॒ शर्म॑न्प्रि॒यत॑मे॒ दधा॑नाः । उप॑स्थेयाम शर॒णन्न वृ॒क्षम् ।

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

imā́ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

júhvānāḥ ← √hu- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

námobhiḥ ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

yuṣmát ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ABL, number:PL}

juṣasva ← √juṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

práti ← práti (invariable)

sarasvati ← sárasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

stómam ← stóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dádhānāḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

priyátame ← priyátama- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

śárman ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

śaraṇám ← śaraṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

stheyāma ← √sthā- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)

vr̥kṣám ← vr̥kṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

इ॒मा । जुह्वा॑नाः । यु॒ष्मत् । आ । नमः॑ऽभिः । प्रति॑ । स्तोम॑म् । स॒र॒स्व॒ति॒ । जु॒ष॒स्व॒ ।
तव॑ । शर्म॑न् । प्रि॒यऽत॑मे । दधा॑नाः । उप॑ । स्थे॒या॒म॒ । श॒र॒णम् । न । वृ॒क्षम् ॥

• imā ← idam
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• juhvānā ← hu
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”

• yuṣmad ← yuṣmat ← tvad
• [noun], ablative, plural
• “you.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• namobhiḥ ← namas
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

• prati
• [adverb]
• “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

• stomaṃ ← stomam ← stoma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

• sarasvati ← sarasvatī
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

• juṣasva ← juṣ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• śarman
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• priyatame ← priyatama
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “beloved; dearest.”

• dadhānā ← dadhānāḥ ← dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• stheyāma ← sthā
• [verb], plural, Aorist optative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• śaraṇaṃ ← śaraṇam ← śaraṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “protecting.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• vṛkṣam ← vṛkṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “tree; fruit tree.”

हे सरस्वति इमा इमान्यस्मदीयानि हवींषि जुह्वानाः तुभ्यं जुह्वतो वयं नमोभिः त्वद्विषयैः नमस्कारैः युष्मदत् त्वत्सकाशात् आ। उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः । आददीमहि धनानीति शेषः । स्तोमं चास्मदीयं स्तोत्रं प्रति जुषस्व प्रतिसेवस्व । वयं च प्रियतमे अतिशयेन प्रिये तव त्वदीये शर्मन् शर्मणि सुखे दधानाः निधीयमानाः सन्तः शरणं न वृक्षम् आश्रयभूतं वृक्षमिव उप स्थेयाम त्वामुपतिष्ठेम संगच्छेमहि ॥

2अथ द्वितीयामाह - हे सरस्वति! युष्मत् युष्मान् त्वामित्यर्थः ।
इमे यजमाना नमोभिर् नमस्कारैस् सहाजुह्वानाः सर्वतो होममाह्नानं वा कुर्वन्तो वर्तन्ते । स्तोमं त्वदीयं स्तोत्रं प्रति प्रातिस्विकमसाधारणं जुषस्व सेवस्व । तव प्रियतमेऽतिप्रिये वृक्षवदुपकारके शर्मन् शरणे गृहे दधानाः हविर्धारयन्तः वयम् उपस्थेयाम उपस्थानं करवाम ।

English translation:

“Presenting to you, Sarasvatī, these oblations with reverence (may we receive from you affluence); begratified by our praise and may we, being retained in your dearest felicity, ever recline upon you, as on asheltering tree.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

May we receive: yuṣmad a: a = also; adadīmahi, may we receive

Here are (oblations) being poured all the way to you (rivers), along with reverences. Take pleasure in the praise, Sarasvatī.
Being set in your dearest shelter, may we stand nearby it like a
sheltering tree.

My interpr. of the syntax and the reference in this vs. differs considerably from the standard. Most (Geldner, Renou; see also Oldenberg) take b as parenthetic, with pāda a parallel to c, both containing nom. pl. m. med. participles with 1st ps. subjects, júhvānā(ḥ) and dádhānā(ḥ) respectively. The first part. is transitive with imā́as object. Hence, “Offering these (oblations, vel. sim.) … , setting ourselves in your shelter, we …” Under this interpr. according to Renou, the yuṣmát in pāda a refers to the patrons, already found in vs. 3 – rather loosely construed (“de votre part”). Geldner fails to identify the 2nd pl. referent, while Oldenberg considers both the patrons and the rivers possible and makes no decision.

Although the Geldner/Renou(/Oldenberg) interpr. is certainly possible – and has the parallelism of the two participles in its favor – I am reluctant to bring in patrons, who figured only in the Sarasvant vs. 3, and I also prefer to avoid parenthetical clauses if at all possible. I therefore go against the Pp. in taking the first participle as júhvānā and neut. pl., rather than júhvānāḥ and masc. pl. As a nom. pl. neut., the part.

is passive and forms a nominal clause with imā́, with the participle predicated (as is not rare). The part. stem júhvāna- is found with both transitive and passive interpr.

(Note that Grassmann takes this form as passive, but as a nom. pl. fem. in -āḥ modifying his supplied gíraḥ ‘hymns’, represented by imā́ḥ [requiring him to go against the Pp reading imā́].) 121 By my interpr. of pāda a, the 2nd pl. refers to the (other) rivers just featured in 4d, and in the expression yuṣmád ā́, ā́means ‘all the way to’, though it must be admitted that ā́in that usage usually precedes (see Grassmann col. 169). Oldenberg himself suggests as one of his possibilities “bis zu euch hin” of the rivers or waters. The ambiguous position of ā́in the expression in 2b giríbhya ā́samudrā́t “from the mountains all the way to the sea” also has ā́directly before an abl. expressing goal.

These offerings have ye made with adoration: say this, Sarasvati, and accept our praises;
And, placing us under thy dear protection, may we approach thee, as a tree, for shelter.

Diese Opfergaben mit Verbeugungen vor euch darbringend-nimm, o Sarasvati, das Loblied gern entgegen-in deinen geliebtesten Schutz uns stellend wollen wir wie unter einen schützenden Baum treten.

Zu euch ergossen diese sich mit Andacht, nimm huldreich auf, Sarasvati, die Lieder; In deine liebste Hut gestellt lass kommen uns unter deinen Schirm wie unter’s Laubdach.

Совершая эти (жертвенные возлияния) от вас вместе с поклонениями, –
Наслаждайся, о Сарасвати, восхвалением! –
Прибегая к твоей самой сладостной защите,
Мы хотим, как под деревом, находиться в укрытии!

• सरस्वती
• वसिष्ठः
• आर्षीत्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इमा) ये याज्ञिक लोग (जुह्वाना) हवन करते हुए (युष्मदा) तुम्हारी प्राप्ति में रत (नमोभिः) नम्र वाणियों के द्वारा तुम्हारा आवाहन करते हैं। (सरस्वति) हे विद्ये ! (प्रतिस्तोमं) इनके प्रत्येक यज्ञ को (जुषस्व) सेवन कर। हे विद्ये ! (तव, प्रियतमे) तुम्हारे प्रियपन में (शर्म्मन्) सुख को (दधानाः) धारण करते हुए (उप) निरन्तर (स्थेयाम) सदैव तुम्हारी (शरणं) शरण (वृक्षः, न) आधार के समान हमको आश्रयण करे॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - परमात्मा उपदेश करते हैं कि, हे याज्ञिक पुरुषो ! तुम इस प्रकार विद्यारूप कल्पवृक्ष का सेवन करो, जिस प्रकार धूप से संतप्त पक्षिगण आकर छायाप्रद वृक्ष का आश्रयण करते हैं एवं आप इस सरस्वती विद्या का सब प्रकार से आश्रयण करें ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इमा) इमे याज्ञिकाः (जुह्वानाः) हवनं कुर्वन्तः (नमोभिः) नमोवाग्भिः (युष्मदा) त्वामाह्वयन्ति (सरस्वति) हे विद्ये ! (प्रतिस्तोमम्) प्रतियज्ञं (जुषस्व) प्रियतां (प्रियतमे) हे हितकारिणि ! (वृक्षम्, न) वृक्षमिव (तव, शरणम्) भवतीम्, शरणं (स्थेयाम) याम (शर्मन्) सुखं च (उप दधानाः) भुञ्जन्तः ॥५॥

• देवता - सरस्वती
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अय᳓म् उ ते सरस्वति व᳓सिष्ठो
द्वा᳓राव् ऋत᳓स्य सुभगे वि᳓ आवः
व᳓र्ध शुभ्रे स्तुवते᳓ रासि वा᳓जान्
यूय᳓म् पात सुअस्ति᳓भिः स᳓दा नः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
ayám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sarasvati ← sárasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

vásiṣṭhaḥ ← vásiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

āvar ← √vr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dvā́rau ← dvā́r- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

subhage ← subhága- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

rāsi ← √rā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, voice:ACT}

stuvaté ← √stu- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śubhre ← śubhrá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

vā́jān ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

várdha ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

pāta ← √pā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sádā ← sádā (invariable)

svastíbhiḥ ← svastí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

yūyám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:PL}

अ॒यम् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । ते॒ । स॒र॒स्व॒ति॒ । वसि॑ष्ठः । द्वारौ॑ । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । सु॒ऽभ॒गे॒ । वि । आ॒व॒रित्या॑वः ।
वर्ध॑ । शु॒भ्रे॒ । स्तु॒व॒ते । रा॒सि॒ । वाजा॑न् । यू॒यम् । पा॒त॒ । स्व॒स्तिऽभिः॑ । सदा॑ । नः॒ ॥

• ayam ← idam
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• sarasvati ← sarasvatī
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

• vasiṣṭho ← vasiṣṭhaḥ ← vasiṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Vasiṣṭha; vasiṣṭha [word].”

• dvārāv ← dvārau ← dvār
• [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
• “door; means.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• subhage ← subhaga
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “beautiful; auspicious; beloved; fine-looking; fortunate; subhaga [word]; charming; pleasing; lucky.”

• vy ← vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• āvaḥ ← vṛ
• [verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

• vardha ← vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• śubhre ← śubhra
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”

• stuvate ← stu
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• rāsi ← rā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “give; impart.”

• vājān ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• yūyam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “you.”

• pāta ← pā
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “protect; govern.”

• svastibhiḥ ← svasti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”

• sadā
• [adverb]
• “always; continually; always; perpetually.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], accusative, plural
• “I; mine.”

हे सुभगे शोभनधने सरस्वति अयं वसिष्ठः ते त्वां यन्तुः ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य संबन्धिन्यौ द्वारौ पूर्वापरे व्यावः विवृणोति । उ इति पूरकः । हे शुभ्रे शुभ्रवर्णे देवि वर्ध वर्धस्व । तथा स्तुवते स्तोत्रं कुर्वते वसिष्ठाय वाजान् अन्नानि रासि प्रदेहि । अन्यद्गतम् ॥ ॥ १९ ॥

English translation:

“Auspicious Sarasvatī, for you Vasiṣṭha has set open the two doors (the east and west) of sacrifice;white-complexioned (goddess), be magnified; bestow food on him who glorifies you; and do you (gods) evercherish us with blessings.”

And this Vasiṣṭha here has opened up the doors of truth for you,
well-portioned Sarasvatī.
Strengthen (him?), resplendent one; grant prizes to the praiser. – Do you protect us always with your blessings.

Geldner and Renou seem to take vā́jān as the obj. of várdha as well as rāsi, while I supply Vasiṣṭha, the subject of the preceding hemistich.

For thee, O Blest Sarasvati, Vasistha hath here unbarred the doors d sacred Order.
Wax, Bright One, and give strength to him who lauds thee. Preserve us evermore, ye Gods, with blessings.

Dieser Vasistha hat dir, o holde Sarasvati, die Pforte des Gesetzes geöffnet. Mehre, du Schöne, schenke dem Sänger Belohnungen.-Behütet ihr uns immerdar mit eurem Segen!

So hat Vasischtha dir des Opfers Thore, Sarasvati, erschlossen, hochbeglückte; O schöne, gib dem Sänger reichlich Labung. Ihr Götter, schützt uns stets mit eurem Segen.

Вот этот Васиштха, о Сарасвати,
Раскрыл для тебя врата закона, о несущая счастье.
Подкрепи (нас), о прекрасная, дай восхвалителю награды!
Защищайте вы нас всегда (своими) милостями!

• सरस्वती
• वसिष्ठः
• आर्षीत्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सरस्वती) हे ब्रह्मविद्ये ! (अयं) यह उपासक (वसिष्ठः) विद्यागुणसम्पन्न (ते) तुम्हारे (द्वारौ) द्वारों को (शुभ्रे) हे ऐश्वर्य्य के देनेवाली अर्थात् और पारलौकिक अभ्युदय के देनेवाली वेदविद्ये ! (व्यावः) ब्रह्मवेत्ता पुरुष बोलता है, हे (शुभ्रे) कल्याणिनि ! तू (वर्ध) बढ़ (स्तुवते) जो पुरुष तुम्हारी स्तुति करते हैं, उनके लिये तथा उनको (वाजान्, रासि) सम्पूर्ण प्रकार के बल दे और (यूयं) तू (स्वस्तिभिः) मङ्गलवाणियों से उनको सदा पवित्र कर॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो लोग विद्या को चाहते हैं और प्रतिदिन विद्या में रत हैं, उनके ब्रह्मविद्यारूप यज्ञ के दरवाजे खुल जाते हैं तथा वे सब प्रकार के सुखों को प्राप्त होते हैं ॥६॥ यह ९५वाँ सूक्त और १९वाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सरस्वति) हे विद्ये ! (सुभगे) हे ऐश्वर्यशालिनि ! (अयम्, ते, वसिष्ठः) अयं तवोपासको विद्वान् (ऋतस्य, द्वारौ, व्यावः) भवत्याः सत्यस्य द्वारं विवृणोति, (शुभ्रे) हे कल्याणिनि ! (स्तुवते) स्तुतिकर्त्रे (वाजान्, रासि) विविधधनं प्रयच्छ (वर्ध) विद्वत्सु प्रसर च (यूयम्) भवती (स्वस्तिभिः) कल्याणवाग्भिः (सदा) निरन्तरम् (नः) अस्मान् (पात) रक्षतु ॥६॥ इति पञ्चनवतितमं सूक्तमेकोनविंशतितमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥