०८२

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘इन्द्रावरुणा’ इति दशर्चं द्वादशं सूक्तं वसिष्ठस्यार्षं जागतम् । इदमादीनि चत्वारि सूक्तानीन्द्रावरुणदेवतानि । तथा चानुक्रान्तम् - ‘इन्द्रावरुणा, दशैन्द्रावरुणं ह जागतं तु’ इति । तृतीये सवन उक्थ्ये प्रशास्तुः शस्त्र एतत्सूक्तम् । सूत्रितं च -’ इन्द्रावरुणा युवमा वां राजानौ’ (आश्व. श्रौ. ६. १) इति ॥

Jamison Brereton

82 (598)
Indra and Varuṇa
Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi
10 verses: jagatī
This hymn is structured into two sections, with the second embedded in the first. The first is an invocation to Indra and Varuṇa to come to the rite and consists of verses 1 and 7–10. The second section and the heart of the hymn are verses 2–6, which describe the two sides of kingship that the two gods represent.
Indra represents the king ruling during times of migration and conflict; Varuṇa represents the king ruling during times of settlement, ideally times of peace. In the984 VII.82
political structure of the Vedic period, different men may have been kings during these two times or, as we believe more likely, the same king may have exercised these complementary functions at different times of the year.
In verse 2 the poet calls one of the gods samrā́j “sovereign king” and the other svarā́j “independent king.” While both terms can be used of both Indra and Varuṇa (cf. Schlerath 1960: 132–35), samrā́j is used especially frequently of Varuṇa and the Ādityas (cf. I.25.10; V.63.3, 85.1; VIII.25.7–8, 29.9, 42.1; X.63.5) and svarā́j frequently of Indra (cf. I.61.9; III.45.5; VIII.12.14, 46.28, 61.2, 69.17, 93.11). Therefore, despite Schlerath’s doubts, the “sovereign king” here is likely Varuṇa and the “independent king” Indra. Further, at least in this verse, the contrasting titles likely reflect the distribution of kingly functions between the two gods. Since the samrā́j governed the peoples and their divisions, he might be connected with times of settlement. Since the svarā́j was independent of other authority, he might be associated with times of conflict between separate clans, peoples, and rulers.
However the relation between svarā́j and samrā́j is to be understood, the poet insists on the necessity of both kinds of king and both sides of kingship. Indeed, after contrasting the two gods in verse 2ab, the poet emphasizes their similarity (2cd) and their united action in ordering the world (3ab). In verse 3cd the actions of the ritual are blended with the gods’ cosmic functions. The two gods share Soma— here both the ritual drink and the god—who inspires their action and who therefore metonymically possesses the transforming power, the “cunning” (māyā́), by which they made the waters swell. The image of swelling waters is then metaphorically carried over to the hymns, which should likewise swell.
In verse 4 the poet returns to the two periods associated with the two sides of king ship: in 4a the poet and his people are moving in chariots at the time of conflict and migration; in 4b they are seated at the beginning of the period of settlement. But here, unlike verse 2ab, the poet does not explicitly distinguish between the two gods. Both gods are summoned at both times. In verse 5cd, however, he reintroduces their oppo sition by connecting Varuṇa with settlement and Indra with movement. This alterna tion between conjunctions and disjunctions underscores the mutual dependence of the different sides of kingship and the poet’s insistence that both gods are great.
Verse 6 continues the contrast between Indra and Varuṇa in a fashion similar to verse 2, although the actions of the gods in 6cd are not entirely clear. Assuming that 6c refers to the action of Indra and possibly to the destruction of Vr̥tra and similar “obstacles,” then 6d describes the action of Varuṇa. As Renou (EVP VII: 83) notes, the verb prá √vR̥in 6d is rare, but appears to mean “ward off” the attack of an enemy (cf. IX.21.2). Unlike the aggressive action of Indra in 6c, the action of Varuṇa is thus defensive. Perhaps he protects the individual settlements during times of peace from incursions from enemies who might threaten them. The two gods thus have complementary functions in their different contexts and the similarity between them is reflected in the singular ójas “power” (6b) that both possess.
In verse 1 the poet is especially aware that his is not the most elaborate sacrifice offered, but he asks the gods to ignore what he sees as the overly showy rites of his competitors and to come to his rite. While it may be plainer than other rites, it does not have the evil intent behind it that those rites have. Returning to this theme in the latter part of the hymn, verses 7–10, the poet pleads for the attention of Indra and Varuṇa. In verse 9 he recalls the competition for the gods’ favor and again asks the gods to hear his words, for his sacrifice will please the gods more than the words and rites of others.

01 इन्द्रावरुणा युवमध्वराय - जगती

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इ᳓न्द्रावरुणा युव᳓म् अध्वरा᳓य नो
विशे᳓ ज᳓नाय म᳓हि श᳓र्म यछतम्
दीर्घ᳓प्रयज्युम् अ᳓ति यो᳓ वनुष्य᳓ति
वयं᳓ जयेम पृ᳓तनासु दूढि᳓यः

02 सम्राळन्यः स्वराळन्य - जगती

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सम्रा᳓ळ् अन्यः᳓ स्वरा᳓ळ् अन्य᳓ उच्यते वाम्
महा᳓न्ताव् इ᳓न्द्राव᳓रुणा महा᳓वसू
वि᳓श्वे देवा᳓सः परमे᳓ वि᳓ओमनि
सं᳓ वाम् ओ᳓जो वृषणा स᳓म् ब᳓लं दधुः

03 अन्वपां खान्यतृन्तमोजसा - जगती

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अ᳓नु अपां᳓ खा᳓नि अतृन्तम् ओ᳓जसा
आ᳓ सू᳓रियम् ऐरयतं दिवि᳓ प्रभु᳓म्
इ᳓न्द्रावरुणा म᳓दे अस्य मायि᳓नो
अ᳓पिन्वतम् अपि᳓तः पि᳓न्वतं धि᳓यः

04 युवामिद्युत्सु पृतनासु - जगती

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युवा᳓म् इ᳓द् युत्सु᳓ पृ᳓तनासु व᳓ह्नयो
युवां᳓ क्षे᳓मस्य प्रसवे᳓ मित᳓ज्ञवः
ईशाना᳓ व᳓स्व उभ᳓यस्य कार᳓व
इ᳓न्द्रावरुणा सुह᳓वा हवामहे

05 इन्द्रावरुणा यदिमानि - जगती

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इ᳓न्द्रावरुणा य᳓द् इमा᳓नि चक्र᳓थुर्
वि᳓श्वा जाता᳓नि भु᳓वनस्य मज्म᳓ना
क्षे᳓मेण मित्रो᳓ व᳓रुणं दुवस्य᳓ति
मरु᳓द्भिर् उग्रः᳓ शु᳓भम् अन्य᳓ ईयते

06 महे शुल्काय - जगती

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महे᳓ शुल्का᳓य व᳓रुणस्य नु᳓ त्विष᳓
ओ᳓जो मिमाते ध्रुव᳓म् अस्य य᳓त् सुव᳓म्
अ᳓जामिम् अन्यः᳓ श्नथ᳓यन्तम् आ᳓तिरद्
दभ्रे᳓भिर् अन्यः᳓ प्र᳓ वृणोति भू᳓यसः

07 न तमंहो - जगती

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न᳓ त᳓म् अं᳓हो न᳓ दुरिता᳓नि म᳓र्तियम्
इ᳓न्द्रावरुणा न᳓ त᳓पः कु᳓तश् चन᳓
य᳓स्य देवा ग᳓छथो वीथो᳓ अध्वरं᳓
न᳓ त᳓म् म᳓र्तस्य नशते प᳓रिह्वृतिः

08 अर्वाङ्नरा दैव्येनावसा - जगती

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अर्वा᳓ङ् नरा दइ᳓वियेना᳓वसा᳓ गतं
शृणुतं᳓ ह᳓वं य᳓दि मे जु᳓जोषथः
युवो᳓र् हि᳓ सख्य᳓म् उत᳓ वा य᳓द् आ᳓पियम्
मार्डीक᳓म् इन्द्रावरुणा नि᳓ यछतम्

09 अस्माकमिन्द्रावरुणा भरेभरे - जगती

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अस्मा᳓कम् इन्द्रावरुणा भ᳓रे-भरे
पुरोयोधा᳓ भवतं कृष्टिओजसा
य᳓द् वां ह᳓वन्त उभ᳓ये अ᳓ध स्पृधि᳓
न᳓रस् तोक᳓स्य त᳓नयस्य साति᳓षु

10 अस्मे इन्द्रो - जगती

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अस्मे᳓ इ᳓न्द्रो व᳓रुणो मित्रो᳓ अर्यमा᳓
द्युम्नं᳓ यछन्तु म᳓हि श᳓र्म सप्र᳓थः
अवध्रं᳓ ज्यो᳓तिर् अ᳓दितेर् ऋतावृ᳓धो
देव᳓स्य श्लो᳓कं सवितु᳓र् मनामहे