०८१

• देवता - उषाः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - बृहती

प्र᳓त्य् उ अदर्शि आयती᳓
उछ᳓न्ती दुहिता᳓ दिवः᳓
अ᳓पो म᳓हि व्ययति च᳓क्षसे त᳓मो
ज्यो᳓तिष् कृणोति सून᳓री

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
adarśi ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

āyatī́ ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

práti ← práti (invariable)

u ← u (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

duhitā́ ← duhitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

uchántī ← √vas- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ápa ← ápa (invariable)

cákṣase ← cákṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

máhi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

támaḥ ← támas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

vyayati ← √vyā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

jyótiḥ ← jyótis- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

kr̥ṇoti ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sūnárī ← sūnára- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

प्रति॑ । ऊं॒ इति॑ । अ॒द॒र्शि॒ । आ॒ऽय॒ती । उ॒च्छन्ती॑ । दु॒हि॒ता । दि॒वः ।
अपो॒ इति॑ । महि॑ । व्य॒य॒ति॒ । चक्ष॑से । तमः॑ । ज्योतिः॑ । कृ॒णो॒ति॒ । सू॒नरी॑ ॥

• praty ← prati
• [adverb]
• “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• adarśy ← adarśi ← dṛś
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

• āyaty ← āyatī ← e ← √i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “come; travel.”

• ucchantī ← vas
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “dawn; shine.”

• duhitā ← duhitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “daughter; duhitṛ [word].”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• apo ← apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• apo ← u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• mahi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “great; firm.”

• vyayati ← vye
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “cover.”

• cakṣase ← cakṣ
• [verb noun]
• “watch; look.”

• tamo ← tamaḥ ← tamas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

• jyotiṣ ← jyotiḥ ← jyotis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”

• kṛṇoti ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• sūnarī ← sūnara
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “noble.”

आयती आगच्छन्ती व्युच्छन्ती तमांसि विवासयन्ती वर्जयन्ती दिवः द्युलोकस्य सूर्यस्य वा दुहिता पुत्री एवंभूतोषाः प्रति अदर्शि सर्वैः प्रतिदृश्यते । उ इति पूरकः । सैषा महि महत् तमः नैशमन्धकारम् । अप उ इति निपातद्वयसमुदायोऽपेत्यस्यार्थे। अपो व्ययति अपवृणोति । किमर्थम् । चक्षसे दर्शनार्थम् । एवं कृत्वा सूनरी जनानां सुष्ठु नेत्र्युषाः ज्योतिः प्रकाशं कृणोति करोति ॥

English translation:

“The daughter of heaven is everywhere beheld advancing and shedding light; she drives away the deepdarkness that objects may meet the eye; the kind guide of man, she diffuses light.”

She has appeared opposite, as she comes here dawning, the Daughter of Heaven.
She unwraps the great darkness for seeing; the spirited one creates light.

Note the adjacency of támaḥ and jyótiḥ, though here across the pāda break.

ADVANCING, sending forth her rays, the Daughter of the Sky is seen.
Uncovering, that we may see, the mighty gloom, the friendly Lady makes the light.

Ankommend, aufleuchtend ist die Himmelstochter wieder sichtbar geworden. Sie zieht die große Finsternis weg, auf daß man sehe; die Edle macht Licht.

Des Himmels Tochter ward erblickt, die kommende, erstrahlende; Des grossen Dunkels Decke nimmt sie ab zum Sehn, und schaffet Licht, die Liebliche.

Вот показалась перед (нами) приближающаяся
Сверкающая дочь неба.
Она снимает (покров) с великого мрака, чтоб было видно.
Красавица создает свет.

• उषाः
• वसिष्ठः
• विराडबृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - उषाः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

उ᳓द् उस्रि᳓याः सृजते सू᳓रियः स᳓चाँ
उद्य᳓न् न᳓क्षत्रम् अर्चिव᳓त्
त᳓वे᳓द् उषो विउ᳓षि सू᳓रियस्य च
स᳓म् भक्ते᳓न गमेमहि

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
sácā ← sácā (invariable)

sr̥jate ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sū́ryaḥ ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

usríyāḥ ← usríya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

út ← út (invariable)

arcivát ← arcivánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

nákṣatram ← nákṣatra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

udyát ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ca ← ca (invariable)

ít ← ít (invariable)

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

uṣaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

vyúṣi ← vyúṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

bhakténa ← √bhaj- (root)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

gamemahi ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

sám ← sám (invariable)

उत् । उ॒स्रियाः॑ । सृ॒ज॒ते॒ । सूर्यः॑ । सचा॑ । उ॒त्ऽयत् । नक्ष॑त्रम् । अ॒र्चि॒ऽवत् ।
तव॑ । इत् । उ॒षः॒ । वि॒ऽउषि॑ । सूर्य॑स्य । च॒ । सम् । भ॒क्तेन॑ । ग॒मे॒म॒हि॒ ॥

• ud
• [adverb]
• “up.”

• usriyāḥ ← usriyā
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “cow; dairy product.”

• sṛjate ← sṛj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• sūryaḥ ← sūrya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• sacāṃ ← sacā
• [adverb]
• “jointly.”

• udyan ← udi ← √i
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “rise; originate; rise; increase.”

• nakṣatram ← nakṣatra
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “Nakṣatra; celestial body; nakṣatra [word]; pearl.”

• arcivat
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “blazing.”

• taved ← tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• taved ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• uṣo ← uṣaḥ ← usṛ
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “dawn.”

• vyuṣi ← vyuṣ
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “dawn.”

• sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• bhaktena ← bhakta
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “food; foodstuff; meal; bhakta [word]; boiled rice; rice.”

• gamemahi ← gam
• [verb], plural, Aorist optative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

सूर्यः सर्वस्य प्रेरक आदित्यः उस्रियाः रश्मीन् सचा सह युगपदेव उत् सृजते उद्गमयति । तथा उद्यत् उद्गच्छत् प्रादुर्भवत् नक्षत्रं नभसि दृश्यमानं ग्रहनक्षत्रादिकम् अर्चिवत् दीप्तिमत् करोति । सौरेण तेजसा हि नक्तं चन्द्रप्रभृतीनि नक्षत्राणि भासन्ते। सुषुम्णः सूर्यरश्मिश्चन्द्रमा गन्धर्वः (वा. सं. १८.४०) इति हि निगमः । एवं च सति हे उषः उषोदेवते तव सूर्यस्य च व्युषि विवासने प्रकाशने सति भक्तेन अन्नेन सं गमेमहि वयं संगच्छेमहि । इच्छब्दः पूरकः ॥

English translation:

“At the same time the sun sends forth his rays, and, rising, renders the plural nets luminous; so, Uṣas,upon your manifestation, and that of Sūrya, may we become possessed of sustenance.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Renders the plural nets:the moon and plural nets shine at night with light derived from the solar ray: saurena tejasā hi naktamchandraprabhṛtīni nakṣatrāṇi bhasante

The sun sends the ruddy (cows) surging up all together, as that heavenly body itself goes up with his rays.
O Dawn, just at your first flush and that of the sun, might we be united with what is apportioned.

The Sun ascending, the refulgent Star, pours down his beams together with the Dawn.
O Dawn, at thine arising, and the Sun’s, may we attain the share allotted us.

Die Sonne treibt gleichzeitig die Kühe aus, das aufgehende, strahlende Gestirn. Bei deinem und der Sonne Aufleuchten, o Usas, möchten wir zu unserem Speiseanteil kommen.

Es giesst zugleich die Sonne ihre Strahlen aus, wenn sich erhebt das Glanzgestirn, Bei deinem und der Sonne Schein, o Morgenroth, werd’ uns des Glückes Loos zu Theil.

Сурья в это время выгоняет алых коров,
Восходящее блистательное светило.
Это при твоем воспламенении, о Ушас, и Сурьи
Хотим мы повстречаться с (нашей) долей в пище.

• उषाः
• वसिष्ठः
• भुरिग्बृहती
• मध्यमः

• देवता - उषाः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - बृहती

प्र᳓ति त्वा दुहितर् दिव
उ᳓षो जीरा᳓ अभुत्स्महि
या᳓ व᳓हसि पुरु᳓ स्पार्हं᳓ वनन्वति
र᳓त्नं न᳓ दाशु᳓षे म᳓यः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
divaḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

duhitar ← duhitár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

práti ← práti (invariable)

tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}

abhutsmahi ← √budh- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

jīrā́ḥ ← jīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

úṣaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

purú ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

spārhám ← spārhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

váhasi ← √vah- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vananvati ← vánanvant- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

dāśúṣe ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

máyaḥ ← máyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

rátnam ← rátna- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

प्रति॑ । त्वा॒ । दु॒हि॒तः॒ । दि॒वः॒ । उषः॑ । जी॒राः । अ॒भु॒त्स्म॒हि॒ ।
या । वह॑सि । पु॒रु । स्पा॒र्हम् । व॒न॒न्ऽव॒ति॒ । रत्न॑म् । न । दा॒शुषे॑ । मयः॑ ॥

• prati
• [adverb]
• “towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

• tvā ← tvad
• [noun], accusative, singular
• “you.”

• duhitar ← duhitṛ
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “daughter; duhitṛ [word].”

• diva ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• uṣo ← uṣaḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• jīrā ← jīrāḥ ← jīra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “agile; quick; fast.”

• abhutsmahi ← budh
• [verb], plural, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
• “understand; notice; wake up; observe; detect; attend to; awaken; attend.”

• yā ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• vahasi ← vah
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• puru
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “many; much(a); very.”

• spārhaṃ ← spārham ← spārha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “desirable.”

• vananvati ← vananvat
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine

• ratnaṃ ← ratnam ← ratna
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dāśuṣe ← dāś
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “sacrifice; give.”

• mayaḥ ← mayas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “pleasure; refreshment.”

हे दिवः दुहितः दिवोऽन्तरिक्षाज्जायमाने हे उषः उषोदेवते त्वा त्वां जीराः क्षिप्रकारिणो वयं प्रति अभुत्स्महि प्रतिबोद्धारो भवेम । हे वनन्वति । वननं संभजनं संभक्तव्यं धनं वा । तद्वति या त्वं पुरु बहु स्पार्हं स्पृहणीयं धनं वहसि प्रापयसि दाशुषे हवींषि दत्तवते यजमानाय रत्नं न रमणीयं धनमिव मयः सुखं च या त्वं वहसि तां त्वां प्रत्यभुत्स्महीत्यन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“May we, prompt adorers, awaken you, Uṣas, daughter of heaven, bountiful divinity, who bring ampleand desirable (wealth) and happiness, like riches, to the donor (of the oblation).”

In response to you, o Dawn, Daughter of Heaven, we lively ones have awakened—
you who convey much to be coveted, you winner, (who convey) pleasure, like a treasure, to the pious one.

The stem vánanvant-, in my opinion, must be separated into two separate words on semantic grounds, neither of which is entirely clear morphologically. In VIII.102.19 and X.92.15, where it is associated with an axe (svádhiti-) in the identical phrase svádhitir vánanvati, it appears to belong with vána- ‘wood’. Cf. for the association IX.96.3 … svádhitir vánānām, X.89.7 svádhitir váneva But in VIII.6.34 it modifies matíḥ ‘thought’ in a context in which ‘wood(en)’ seems effectively excluded. In both VIII.1.31 and our passage I also find it difficult to make ‘wooden’ work, though Geldner, for example, thinks our voc. addressed to Dawn (may – he tags it with ? –) mean “Wagenbesitzende,” on the assumption that the wagon is 108 wooden and the material has come to refer to the object made of it. In VIII.1.31, where it modifies ‘horses’ (áśvān), he takes it as referring to their wooden yokes. (He refuses to tr. the form in VIII.6.34.) Mayrhofer (both KEWA s.v. vánam and EWA s.v. ván-) favors the ‘wood’ connection as well, and in EWA suggests that vánan- is the -n-form of a heteroclite, whose -r- is found in the locatival 1st cmpd member vanar- (though one would of course not expect the -r- in the oblique). Renou, having written in favor of the ‘wood’ connection (BSL 37: 19), disavows it in his n. to this passage in EVP III, in favor of “gracieuse,” on what seem firm grounds. Oldenberg discusses the problem with his customary acuity and decides for a derivation from √van ‘win, hold dear’, with a pun on ‘wood’ in VIII.102.19 and X.92.15. Although I generally favor seeing audacious metaphors in the RV, in this particular case I find that putting all the forms of vánanvant- under one rubric unduly stretches the metaphorical fabric – though I might be open to Oldenberg’s suggestion that in VIII.102.19 and X.92.15 there is a pun on ‘wood’, but the form belongs with √van. This does not, however, help with the morphology. I tentatively suggest that the form derived from √van is the result of the further derivation or contamination of originally participial forms. The 8th class present to √van vanóti has an act. part. vanvánt-; if this acquired a -vant-suffix, the result would be in the first instance *vanv-án(t)-vant-, which by dissimilation of the middle -v- could develop into our form (though with accent shift).

Or the pf. part. vavan-váṃs- could have dissimilated to *vanan-váṃs- (again accent is a problem). Or, starting with the pres. part. vanv-ánt-, we could imagine a perseverative form *vanv-an(t)-ant-, with migration of the 2nd -v-. Or we can confect an intens. stem *vanvan- with participle *vanvan-a(n)t-, again with flip of the v. But all of these scenarios are pure fantasy, I’m afraid. As for the form putatively derived from ‘wood’, I have even less idea, though I suppose it’s worth pointing out that all attested forms from both stems vanánvant- actually have the weak form of the suffix

-vat- and *vana-vatV, built directly to vána-, would be metrically unfavorable.

Promptly we woke to welcome thee, O Usas, Daughter of the Sky,
Thee, Bounteous One, who bringest all we long to have, and to the offerer health and wealth.

Wir haben dich, Usas, Himmelstochter, munter herangewacht, die du viel begehrenswertes, Freude gleichsam als Belohnung für den Opferwilligen mitbringst, du Wagenbesitzende.

Dich Himmelstochter haben wir, o Morgenröthe, schnell erweckt, Die du ja bringst viel schöne Lust, o liebliche, wie Schätze dem verehrenden.

О дочь неба, тебе навстречу,
О Ушас, мы пробудились, деятельные,
О (ты), владетельница, что возишь желанное (добро), -
Радость, подобно сокровищу, для почитателя (твоего).

• उषाः
• वसिष्ठः
• आर्षीबृहती
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वनन्वति) हे सर्वभजनीय परमात्मन् ! (दिवः, दुहितः, उषः) द्युलोक की दुहिता उषा के द्वारा (जीराः) शीघ्र ही (त्वा, प्रति) आपको (अभुत्स्महि) भलेप्रकार जानें और (या) जो आप (पुरु, स्पार्हम्, वहसि) बहुत धन सबको प्राप्त कराते और (दाशुषे) यजमान के लिए (रत्नं) रत्न (मयः) और सुख देते हैं, (न) उसी के समान हमें भी प्रदान करें॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे ज्योतिःस्वरूप परमात्मदेव ! आप ऐसी कृपा करें कि हम उषःकाल में अनुष्ठान करते हुए आपके समीप हों, आप ही सब सांसारिक रत्नादि ऐश्वर्य्य तथा आत्मसुख देनेवाले हैं, कृपा करके हमको भी अपने प्रिय यजमानों के समान अभ्युदय और निःश्रेयसरूप दोनों प्रकार के सुखों को प्राप्त करायें। यहाँ मन्त्र में “मयः” शब्द से आध्यात्मिक आनन्द का ग्रहण है, जैसा कि “नमः शम्भवाय च मयोभवाय च” इत्यादि मन्त्रों में वर्णन किया है, इसी आनन्द की यहाँ परमात्मा से प्रार्थना की गई है ॥३॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वनन्वति) हे सर्वभजनीय परमात्मन् ! (दिवः, दुहितः, उषः) द्युलोकस्य दुहित्रा उषसा (जीराः) क्षिप्रं (त्वा, प्रति) भवन्तं(अभुत्स्महि) सम्यक् बुध्येमहि, तथा (या) यो भवान् (पुरु, स्पार्हम्, वहसि) बहुधनं प्रापयति, तथा (दाशुषे) यजमानाय (रत्नम्) रत्नानि (मयः) सुखं च प्रापयति (न) तादृशमेव अस्मभ्यमपि प्रयच्छतु ॥३॥

• देवता - उषाः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

उछ᳓न्ती या᳓ कृणो᳓षि मंह᳓ना महि
प्रख्यइ᳓ देवि सु᳓वर् दृशे᳓
त᳓स्यास् ते रत्नभा᳓ज ईमहे वयं᳓
स्या᳓म मातु᳓र् न᳓ सून᳓वः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
kr̥ṇóṣi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mahi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

maṁhánā ← maṁhánā- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

uchántī ← √vas- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

devi ← devī́- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

dr̥śé ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

prakhyaí ← √khyā- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

svàr ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

īmahe ← √yā- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ratnabhā́jaḥ ← ratnabhā́j- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

tásyāḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

vayám ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

mātúḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

sūnávaḥ ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

syā́ma ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

उ॒च्छन्ती॑ । या । कृ॒णोषि॑ । मं॒हना॑ । म॒हि॒ । प्र॒ऽख्यै । दे॒वि॒ । स्वः॑ । दृ॒शे ।
तस्याः॑ । ते॒ । र॒त्न॒ऽभाजः॑ । ई॒म॒हे॒ । व॒यम् । स्याम॑ । मा॒तुः । न । सू॒नवः॑ ॥

• ucchantī ← vas
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “dawn; shine.”

• yā ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• kṛṇoṣi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• maṃhanā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• mahi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “great; firm.”

• prakhyai ← prakhyā ← √khyā
• [verb noun]
• “laud.”

• devi ← devī
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “Parvati; queen; goddess; Devi.”

• svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• dṛśe ← dṛś
• [verb noun]
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

• tasyās ← tasyāḥ ← tad
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• ratnabhāja ← ratna
• [noun], neuter
• “jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”

• ratnabhāja ← bhājaḥ ← bhāj
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “enjoying; consisting of.”

• īmahe ← ī ← √i
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “beg; solicit.”

• vayaṃ ← vayam ← mad
• [noun], nominative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• syāma ← as
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• mātur ← mātuḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sūnavaḥ ← sūnu
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “son; offspring.”

हे महि महति देवि दानादिगुणयुक्त उषोदेवते व्युच्छन्ती तमांसि वर्जयन्ती मंहना महिम्ना युक्ता। यद्वा। मंहतिर्दानकर्मा। दानयुक्ता। या त्वं स्वः सर्वं जगत् प्रख्यै प्रबोधनार्थं दृशे दर्शनार्थं च कृणोषि करोषि तस्याः तादृश्याः रत्नभाजः रत्नानां रमणीयानां धनानां भाजयित्र्याः सेवयित्र्याः ईमहे याचामहे । किम् । रत्नभाज इति समभिव्याहाराद्रत्नानीति गम्यते । अपि च वयं तव प्रियतमाः स्याम भवेम। मातुर्न सूनवः । यथा मातुर्जनन्याः सूनवः पुत्राः प्रियतमा भवन्ति तद्वत् ॥

English translation:

“Mighty goddess, who, scattering darkness, are endowed with power to arouse the world and make itvisible, we pray that we may be dear to you, the distributress of wealth, as sons are to a mother.”

You who in dawning, through your magnanimity, o great goddess, make the sun to be visible for seeing—
may we—we beseech you—have a share of your treasure, being to you like sons to their mother.

This vs. presents several minor syntactic problems. Pāda b contains two apparent datival infinitives, the almost synonymous prakhyaí and dṛśé, most likely to be construed with kṛṇóṣi in pāda a. The standard interpr. take the two infinitives as separate parallel constructions, though the details of these constructions differ acdg.

to tr. (cf., besides Geldner and Renou, Scarlatta [353] and Keydana [Inf., 167, 203]). As a typical ex., see Scarlatta’s “… die du … machst, dass man sieht und man das Licht schaut.” Although as far as I know there is no way to tell, I prefer to take both the datives with svàr; the standard expression svàr dṛśé indicates that the sun is visible, available for seeing, while prakhyaí is used in a similar fashion to cákṣase in 1c.

The 2nd hemistich is more problematic. The first question is the grammatical identity of ratnabhā́jaḥ, which could be gen. sg. and modify immediately preceding fem. gen. tásyās te, or nom. pl. and modify the implied pl. subj. ‘we’ of immediately following 1st pl. īmahe. Geldner opts for the latter (“… die du Belohnungen austeilst”), but Oldenberg, Renou, and Scarlatta favor the nom. pl., as do I. For one thing other -bhā́j- cmpds have similar syntacto-semantic value (“having a share of X”), rather than the transitive sense (“sharing out X”) required by the gen. interpr. It is of course possible that the 109 positioning between the gen. sg. and the 1st pl. was deliberate, and the form is meant to be ambiguous.

The other problem lies in the interpr. of the two verbs īmahe (c) and syā́ma (d). The standard interpr. take the pāda break as a clause break (“as sharers of your treasure we beseech you; may we be like sons …”). I find this mildly problematic, in that ratnabhā́jaḥ would be better construed with syā́ma (“might we be sharers …”) than with īmahe, and I have therefore taken it that way, with īmahe parenthetical and the simile in d an adjunct. This interpr. is supported by VI.71.6 vāmabhā́jaḥ syāma “May we be partakers of the valuables” (sim. III.55.22 sákhāyas te vāmabhā́jaḥ syāma). However, my interpr. not only complicates the syntax slightly, but the lack of accent on parenthetical īmahe might be troublesome – though I don’t have strong intuitions on how verbal accent works with parentheticals. (The one example I can come up with, however, does accent the verb that interrupts the clause: X.95.1 mánasā tíṣṭha ghore vácāṃsi miśrā́kṛṇavāvahai nau “Thoughtfully – stand still, fearsome woman! – let us two now exchange words.”) In any case it might be better to follow the standard interpr. and tr. something like “we beseech you ([for us] to be) sharers in your treasure; may we be like sons to a mother” – though as the tr. shows, taking īmahe with ratnabhā́jaḥ requires more semantic machinery.

In c tásyās te is a fairly unusual ex. of the double sá tvám construction. As is sometimes the case with oblique forms of this construction, I think it likely that the tásyāḥ is there to indicate the gender of the personal pronoun – though, given the Dawn context, the fem. gender of te could hardly be a secret.

Thou, dawning, workest fain to light the great world, yea, heaven, Goddess! that it may be seen.
We yearn to be thine own, Dealer of Wealth: may we be to this Mother like her sons.

Große Göttin, die du im Aufleuchten bereitwillig uns sehen und das Sonnenlicht schauen lässest, wir bitten um deine Belohnung, die du Belohnungen austeilst. Wir möchten dir wie die Söhne der Mutter sein.

Die leuchtend du, o grosse, wirkst mit grosser Lust, dass schauend man die Sonne seh; Nach dir verlangt uns, Göttin, die du Gut vertheilst, sei du uns Mutter, Söhne wir.

(Ты,) что, воспламеняясь, великолепно даешь, о великая,
(Способность) различать, о богиня, чтобы (мы) видели солнце, –
(Тебя) мы просим, стремясь к доле в твоем сокровище.
Мы хотим быть (для тебя,) как сыновья для матери.

• उषाः
• वसिष्ठः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (देवि) हे दिव्यस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (दृशे) विज्ञानियों के ज्ञानगोचर (या) जो आप (स्वः, प्रख्यै) अपनी ख्याति के लिए (मंहना) स्वमहिमा से (महि, कृणोषि) जगत् को रचकर (उच्छन्ती) अज्ञानरूप अन्धकार का नाश करके अपने तेजोमय ज्ञान का प्रकाश करते हो, (वयं) हम लोग (मातुः) माता के (सूनवः) बच्चों के (न) समान (स्याम) हों और (तस्याः) पुर्वोक्तगुणसम्पन्न (ते) तुम्हारी (ईमहे) उपासना करते हुए (रत्नभाजः) रत्नों के पात्र बनें॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमपिता परमात्मन् ! आपको ज्ञान द्वारा विज्ञानी पुरुष ही उपलब्ध कर सकते हैं, साधारण पुरुष नहीं। हे दिव्यस्वरूप भगवन् ! आप हमारे ज्ञानार्थ ही अपनी अपूर्व सामर्थ्य से जगत् की रचना करते हैं। आप माता के समान हम पर प्यार करते हुए हमारी सब प्रकार से रक्षा करें और हमें ज्ञानसम्पन्न करके अपनी उपासना का अधिकारी बनावें, ताकि हम आपके अनुग्रह से धन-धान्य से भरपूर हों ॥४॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (देवि) हे दिव्यस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (दृशे) विज्ञानिज्ञानगोचरः (या) यो भवान् (स्वः, प्रख्यै) स्वख्यातये (मंहना) स्वमहिम्ना (महि, कृणोषि) जगन्निर्माय (उच्छन्ती) अज्ञानात्मकतमो निरस्य स्वतेजोमयज्ञानं प्रकाशयति (वयम्) वयं (मातुः) जनन्याः (सूनवः) सुताः (न) इव (स्याम) भवेम, तथा च (तस्याः) उक्तगुणसम्पन्नायाः (ते) तव (ईमहे) उपासनायाः कर्तारः (रत्नभाजः) रत्नपात्राणि भवेम ॥४॥

• देवता - उषाः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - बृहती

त᳓च् चित्रं᳓ रा᳓ध आ᳓ भर
उ᳓षो य᳓द् दीर्घश्रु᳓त्तमम्
य᳓त् ते दिवो दुहितर् मर्तभो᳓जनं
त᳓द् रास्व भुन᳓जामहै

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

bhara ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

citrám ← citrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

rā́dhaḥ ← rā́dhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dīrghaśrúttamam ← dīrghaśrúttama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

úṣaḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

divaḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

duhitar ← duhitár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:SG}

martabhójanam ← martabhójana- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bhunájāmahai ← √bhuj- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

rāsva ← √rā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

तत् । चि॒त्रम् । राधः॑ । आ । भ॒र॒ । उषः॑ । यत् । दी॒र्घ॒श्रुत्ऽत॑मम् ।
यत् । ते॒ । दि॒वः॒ । दु॒हि॒तः॒ । म॒र्त॒ऽभोज॑नम् । तत् । रा॒स्व॒ । भु॒नजा॑महै ॥

• tac ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• citraṃ ← citram ← citra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• rādha ← rādhaḥ ← rādhas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• bharoṣo ← bhara ← bhṛ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• bharoṣo ← uṣaḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• yad ← yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• dīrghaśruttamam ← dīrghaśruttama
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• duhitar ← duhitṛ
• [noun], vocative, singular, feminine
• “daughter; duhitṛ [word].”

• martabhojanaṃ ← marta
• [noun], masculine
• “man.”

• martabhojanaṃ ← bhojanam ← bhojana
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “food; eating; foodstuff; meal; property; sevana; enjoyment.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• rāsva ← rā
• [verb], singular, Aorist imperative
• “give; impart.”

• bhunajāmahai ← bhuj
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “eat; enjoy; consume; eat; love; burn; run down; enjoy; live on.”

हे उषः तच्चित्रं चायनीयं राधः धनम् आ भर आहर । अस्मभ्यं प्रयच्छ । यत् धनं दीर्घश्रुत्तमं देशकालयोर्विप्रकर्षेऽप्यतिशयेन श्रोतव्यम् । अपि च हे दिवो दुहितः ते तव त्वया देयं मर्तभोजनं मर्तानां मनुष्याणां भोगयोग्यं यत् अन्नमस्ति तत् रास्व देह्यस्मभ्यम् । वयं च त्वद्दत्तं धनमन्नं च भुनजामहे अभ्यवहरेम ॥

English translation:

“Bring Uṣas, such wondrous wealth as may be long renowned; bestow, daughter of heaven, thatsustenance which is fit for mortals, such as we may enjoy.”

Bring here that brilliant bounty, Dawn, that has the longest fame. What of yours provides nourishment to men, o Daughter of Heaven, give us that. Let us be nourished!

Bring us that wondrous bounty, Dawn, that shall be famed most far away.
What, Child of Heaven, thou hast of nourishment for man, bestow thou on us to enjoy.

Bring die ausgezeichnete Gabe mit, o Usas, die weithin berühmt ist! Was du an Menschenzehrung hast, du Himmelstochter, das gönne uns; wir möchten davon zehren.

Den schönen Reichthum bringe her, der weit berühmt, o Uschas, sei; Was, Himmelstochter, du an Menschennahrung hast, dass schenk und lass geniessen uns.

Принеси этот блистательный дар,
О Ушас, что самый далекопрославленный!
Та пища для смертных, что есть у тебя, о дочь неба,
Дай ее. Чтобы мы вкусили.

• उषाः
• वसिष्ठः
• निचृद्बृहती
• मध्यमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उषः) हे ज्ञानस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (यत्) जो (दीर्घश्रुत्तमम्) घोर अन्धकाररूप अज्ञान है, (तत्) उसको आप दूर करके (चित्रं, राधः, आ, भर) नाना प्रकार का उत्तम धन प्रदान करें और (यत्) जो (ते) तुम्हारा (दिवः, दुहितः) दूर देशों में हित करनेवाला सामर्थ्य है, उससे (मर्तभोजनं) मनुष्यों का भोजनरूप धन (रास्व) दीजिये, ताकि (तत्) वह (भुनजामहै) हमारे उपभोग में आवे॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे परमात्मन् ! आप महामोहरूप घोर अज्ञान का नाश करके हमें उत्तम ज्ञान की प्राप्ति करायें, जिससे हम अपने भरण-पोषण के लिए धन उपलब्ध कर सकें। हे भगवन् ! कोटानुकोटि ब्रह्माण्डों में आपका सामर्थ्य व्याप्त हो रहा है, आप हमारे पालनकर्ता और नाना प्रकार के ऐश्वर्य्यदाता हैं, कृपा करके हमारे भोजन के लिए अन्नादि धन दें, ताकि हम आपकी उपासना में प्रवृत्त रहें ॥५॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (उषः) हे ज्ञानस्वरूप परमात्मन् ! (यत्) यत् (दीर्घश्रुत्तमम्) घोरान्धकारमिवाज्ञानमस्ति (तत्) तद्भवान् निवर्त्य (चित्रम्, राधः, आ, भर) अनेकविधमुत्तमधनं प्रयच्छतु (यत्) यत् (ते) तव (दिवः, दुहितः) दूरवर्तिदेशानां हितं सामर्थ्यमस्ति, तेन (मर्तभोजनम्) मनुष्येभ्यो भोजनमेव धनं (रास्व) ददातु, यतः (तत्) तद्धनं (भुनजामहै) भोगे उपयुनजामहै ॥५॥

• देवता - उषाः
• ऋषिः - वसिष्ठः
• छन्दः - सतो बृहती

श्र᳓वः सूरि᳓भ्यो अमृ᳓तं वसुत्वनं᳓
वा᳓जाँ अस्म᳓भ्यं गो᳓मतः
चोदयित्री᳓ मघो᳓नः सूनृ᳓तावती
उषा᳓ उछद् अ᳓प स्रि᳓धः

Strata
Strophic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
amŕ̥tam ← amŕ̥ta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sūríbhyaḥ ← sūrí- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

vasutvanám ← vasutvaná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

asmábhyam ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

gómataḥ ← gómant- (nominal stem)

vā́jān ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

codayitrī́ ← codayitrī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

maghónaḥ ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

sūnŕ̥tāvatī ← sūnŕ̥tāvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

ápa ← ápa (invariable)

srídhaḥ ← srídh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

uchat ← √vas- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

uṣā́ḥ ← uṣás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

श्रवः॑ । सू॒रिऽभ्यः॑ । अ॒मृत॑म् । व॒सु॒ऽत्व॒नम् । वाजा॑न् । अ॒स्मभ्य॑म् । गोऽम॑तः ।
चो॒द॒यि॒त्री । म॒घोनः॑ । सू॒नृता॑ऽवती । उ॒षाः । उ॒च्छ॒त् । अप॑ । स्रिधः॑ ॥

• śravaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• sūribhyo ← sūribhyaḥ ← sūri
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “patron.”

• amṛtaṃ ← amṛtam ← amṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”

• vasutvanaṃ ← vasutvanam ← vasutvana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “wealth.”

• vājāṃ ← vāja
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• asmabhyaṃ ← asmabhyam ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• gomataḥ ← gomat
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “rich in cattle; bovine.”

• codayitrī ← codayitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• maghonaḥ ← maghavan
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “big.”

• sūnṛtāvaty ← sūnṛtāvatī ← sūnṛtāvat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “happy; big; auspicious.”

• uṣā ← uṣāḥ ← uṣas
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

• ucchad ← ucchat ← vas
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “dawn; shine.”

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• sridhaḥ ← sridh
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “failure; damage.”

हे उषः सूरिभ्यः स्तोतृभ्योऽस्मभ्यम् अमृतं मरणरहितं नित्यं वसुत्वनं वासकं वसुत्वयुक्तं वा श्रवः श्रवणीयं यशो रास्वेत्यनुषङ्गः । तथा गोमतः बहुभिर्गोभिर्युक्तान वाजान् अन्नानि च अस्मभ्यं रास्व। शिष्टः परोक्षकृतः । मघोनः हविष्मतो यजमानस्य चोदयित्री प्रेरयित्री सूनृतावती । प्रियसत्यात्मिका वाक्सूनृता । तद्वती उषाः स्रिधः शोषकान्छत्रून् अप उच्छत् अपगमयतु ॥ ॥१॥

English translation:

“Grant to the pious immortal fame, conjoined with affluence; grant to us food and cattle; and may Uṣas,the encourager of the wealthy (sacrificer) the speaker of truth, drive away our foes.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Speaker of truth: sunṛtvatī= priyasatyātmikā vāk sunṛtā tadvatī: may also mean, possessed of kind and truthful speech, i.e.possessed of hymns, or hymned, by the pious

(Bring) fame immortal and riches for our patrons, prizes in cows for us— The impeller of the bounteous one(s), possessing a liberal spirit, Dawn dawns away failures.

codayitrī́maghónaḥ is perfectly ambiguous, since maghónaḥ could be either gen. sg. or acc. pl. In the former case it would refer to Indra, the archetypal maghávan-, in the latter to the pl. patrons (the sūrí- referred to in pāda a). According to the standard distribution of cases, suffix-accented -tár- agent nouns should take the gen.; indeed our stem does just that in I.3.11 codayitrī́sūnṛ́tānām. However, this distribution is not absolute, and given the recent mention of the pl. patrons and the absence of Indra from this hymn (and mostly from this hymn cycle), a pl. reading is quite possible as well.

sūnṛ́tātvatī at the end of c forms a faint ring with sūnárī at the end of vs. 1.

Note that it also recalls I.3.11 just cited.

[VII.82-89 JPB]

Give to our princes opulence and immortal fame, and strength in herds of kine to us.
May she who prompts the wealthy, Lady of sweet strains, may Usas dawn our foes away.

Den Opferherren bringe sie unsterblichen Ruhm und Wohlstand, uns rinderreiche Gewinne. Die Lohnherren anspornend möge die freigebige Usas die Unfälle wegleuchten.

Gib Ruhm den Fürsten, unvergänglichen Besitz, und rinderreiche Habe uns, Du reichbegabte Treiberin der Mächtigen; das Frühroth strahle fort den Feind.

Покровителям – бессмертную славу (и) благополучие!
Нам награды, состоящие из коров!
Поощрительница щедрых покровителей, богатая дарами
Ушас пусть засветит прочь неудачи!

• उषाः
• वसिष्ठः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे भगवन् ! (सूरिभ्यः, श्रवः) विद्वानों के लिए यश (अमृतं) अमृत (वसुत्वनं) उत्तम धन, तथा (वाजान्) नानाप्रकार के अन्न प्रदान करें और (अस्मभ्यं) हमको (गोमतः) ज्ञान के साधन कला-कौशलादि (चोदयित्री) सबको प्रेरण करनेवाली शक्ति (उषाः, मघोनः) उषःकाल में यज्ञ करने का सामर्थ्य और (सूनृतावती) उत्तम भाषण करने की शक्ति दें और (अप, स्रिधः) हमसे संताप को (उच्छत्) दूर करें॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे सर्वशक्तिसम्पन्न भगवन् ! आप शूरवीरों की वीरतारूप सामर्थ्य देनेवाले, विज्ञानियों को विज्ञानरूप सामार्थ्य देते, आप ही नानाप्रकार के अन्न तथा ज्ञान के साधन कला-कौशलादि के प्रदाता हैं, आप ही सब शोकों को दूर करके अमृत पद देनेवाले हैं, अर्थात् आप ही अभ्युदय और निःश्रेयस दोनों प्रकार के उपभोग देते हैं ॥ तात्पर्य्य यह है कि ऋषियों ने शोक-मोह की निवृत्तिरूप मुक्ति पद तथा संसारिक ऐश्वर्य्यों का प्रदाता एकमात्र परमात्मा को ही माना है अर्थात् परमात्मज्ञान से ही शोक-मोह की निवृत्ति होती है, जैसा कि “तत्र को मोहः कः शोक एकत्वमनुपश्यतः” जो परमात्मस्वरूप को एकरस, अविनाशी और सजातीय, विजातीय तथा स्वगतभेदशून्य मानता है, उसको कोई शोक-मोह नहीं होता और “तमेव विदित्वातिमृत्युमेति” उसी को जानकर पुरुष मृत्यु से अतिक्रमण कर जाता है, इस वाक्य में परमात्मज्ञान को ही एकमात्र मुक्ति पद का साधन कथन किया गया है, इसलिए जिज्ञासुओं को शोक-मोह की निवृत्ति तथा परमानन्दप्राप्ति के लिए एकमात्र उसी का अवलम्बन करना चाहिए ॥६॥ यह ८१वाँ सूक्त और पहिला वर्ग समाप्त हुआ।

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे भगवन् ! (सूरिभ्यः, श्रवः) स्तोतृभ्यो विद्वद्भ्यो यशः (अमृतम्) अमृतम्=मुक्तिं (वसुत्वनम्) श्रेष्ठं धनं तथा (वाजान्) अनेकधाऽन्नानि प्रददातु, तथा च (अस्मभ्यम्, गोमतः) ज्ञानसाधनानि कलाकौशलादीनि (चोदयित्री) सर्वस्य प्रेरयित्रीं शक्तिं (उषाः, मघोनः) उषःकाले यज्ञसाधकं सामर्थ्यं (सूनृतावती) सत्यप्रियभाषण-साधिकां शक्तिं च प्रयच्छतु, तथा (अप, स्रिधः) अस्मत्सकाशात् सन्तापं (उच्छत्) अपनयतु ॥६॥ इत्येकाशीतितमं सूक्तं प्रथमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥