०५२

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘आदित्यासो अदितयः’ इति तृचात्मकमेकोनविंशं सूक्तं वसिष्ठस्यार्षं त्रैष्टुभमादित्यदेवताकम् । ‘ आदित्यासः’ इत्यनुक्रमणिका । गतो विनियोगः ॥

Jamison Brereton

52 (568)
Ādityas
Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi
3 verses: triṣṭubh
This short and probably late hymn has a number of unusual features. In verse 1 the poet describes himself and his fellow sacrificers as áditi “offenseless,” and because they are áditi they are also ādityá “Ādityas” or “sons of Aditi.” This is a surpris ing claim, and Geldner understandably softens it by turning the metaphor into a simile. According to him, the poet asks that he and his people be offenseless like Ādityas. Were we to adopt Geldner’s approach, then in 1b we could supply a differ ent verb form and translate “there should be for us a fortress” (so Geldner) or “you [=Ādityas] should be for us a fortress.” This solution is attractive since gods are called fortresses in, for example, I.189.2 and VII.95.1. But there is no signal in the text for the simile or for the ellipsis, and therefore, albeit with considerable hesita tion, we have translated the verse as if the speakers embody the “offenseless” gods. That theme of offenselessness is continued in the next verse, in which the poet begs that he and the sacrificers not be held responsible for the evil actions done by others.
In the last verse the poet speaks of the presence of the Aṅgirases in this sacrifice, which suggests that the present priests now embody the legendary Aṅgiras priests, a claim implicitly made elsewhere as well. The appeal to Savitar, who is associated with the evening, and in verse 3d the reference to the All Gods, who in the later rite receive offerings at the Third Pressing, place this hymn in that soma-pressing. The identity of the “father” (vs. 3c) remains mysterious. Sāyaṇa identifies him as Varuṇa since Varuṇa and Mitra are the fathers of Vasiṣṭha (cf. VII.33.11–13), but there is little basis for associating Varuṇa here with either the Aṅgirases or the All Gods.

01 आदित्यासो अदितयः - त्रिष्टुप्

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आदित्या᳓सो अ᳓दितयः सियाम
पू᳓र् देवत्रा᳓ वसवो मर्तियत्रा᳓
स᳓नेम मित्रावरुणा स᳓नन्तो
भ᳓वेम द्यावापृथिवी भ᳓वन्तः

02 मित्रस्तन्नो वरुणो - त्रिष्टुप्

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मित्र᳓स् त᳓न् नो व᳓रुणो मामहन्त
श᳓र्म तोका᳓य त᳓नयाय गोपाः᳓
मा᳓ वो भुजेम अन्य᳓जातम् ए᳓नो
मा᳓ त᳓त् कर्म वसवो य᳓च् च᳓यध्वे

03 तुरण्यवोंऽगिरसो नक्षन्त - त्रिष्टुप्

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तुरण्य᳓वो अ᳓ङ्गिरसो नक्षन्त
र᳓त्नं देव᳓स्य सवितु᳓र् इयानाः᳓
पिता᳓ च त᳓न् नो महा᳓न् य᳓जत्रो
वि᳓श्वे देवाः᳓ स᳓मनसो जुषन्त