०४४

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सायण-भाष्यम्

‘दधिक्रां वः ’ इति पञ्चर्चमेकादशं सूक्तं वसिष्ठस्यार्षं दधिक्राख्यदेवताकम् । आद्या जगती सा तु दधिक्रादिलिङ्गोक्तदेवताका शिष्टाश्चतस्रस्त्रिष्टुभः । अनुक्रम्यते हि - दधिक्रां दाधिक्रं जगत्याद्या लिङ्गोक्तदेवता ’ इति । गतो विनियोगः ॥

Jamison Brereton

44 (560)
Dadhikrā, except Assorted Divinities (1)
Vasiṣṭha Maitrāvaruṇi
5 verses: triṣṭubh, except jagatī 1
Like VII.41, this hymn begins with a verse in jagatī calling on a number of gods, especially those associated with the dawn ritual, and including the figure that will be the subject of most of the rest of the hymn, in this case the celebrated racehorse Dadhikrā(van). (See IV.38–40 for other hymns devoted to Dadhikrā; the last two [39—40] also show significant dawn associations.) Unlike VII.41, however, where the god who is subject of the rest of the hymn, Bhaga, holds the stage essentially alone after the first verse, Dadhikrā shares each of the subsequent verses with a number of gods, again primarily characteristic of the dawn ritual.
The most difficult verse is 3, not coincidentally the middle verse, whose third pāda contains two color terms as addressees and a next-to-impossible hapax (mām̐ścatóḥ), whose meaning is hotly disputed. Most commentators interpret the color terms as referring to other horses. Our interpretation is quite different and unavoidably speculative, but rather than introducing two otherwise unknown horses, we identify the two addressees as gods associated with the ritual. In our view the hapax refers to the two twilights (literally, “the time of the hiding of the moon,” originally applied just to dawn), and the copper-colored one is the sun, whose color is reddish at rising and setting, while the reddish-brown one is soma: the same color term is used of soma a number of times.
Though it is not entirely clear why Dadhikrā is so strongly associated with the dawn, it may be significant that the priestly gifts (dakṣiṇā) are distributed at the dawn ritual and horses are among the most prized of these gifts. In most of this hymn the equine aspects of Dadhikrā are not emphasized, except for vs. 4, unlike the Dadhikrā hymns in Maṇḍala IV.

Jamison Brereton Notes

Dadhikrā Both by number of vss. and by its listing style, this hymn fits the sequence of All Gods hymns in which it is found, though the presence of Dadhikrā among these deities is somewhat puzzling. As noted in the published introduction, most of the divinities named have associations with the Dawn ritual.

01 दधिक्रां वः - जगती

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दधिक्रां᳓ वः प्रथम᳓म् अश्वि᳓नोष᳓सम्
अग्निं᳓ स᳓मिद्धम् भ᳓गम् ऊत᳓ये हुवे
इ᳓न्द्रं वि᳓ष्णुम् पूष᳓णम् ब्र᳓ह्मणस् प᳓तिम्
आदित्या᳓न् द्या᳓वापृथिवी᳓ अपः᳓ सु᳓वः

02 दधिक्रामु नमसा - त्रिष्टुप्

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दधिक्रा᳓म् उ न᳓मसा बोध᳓यन्त
उदी᳓राणा यज्ञ᳓म् उपप्रय᳓न्तः
इ᳓ळां देवी᳓म् बर्हि᳓षि साद᳓यन्तो
अश्वि᳓ना वि᳓प्रा सुह᳓वा हुवेम

03 दधिक्रावाणं बुबुधानो - त्रिष्टुप्

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दधिक्रा᳓वाणम् बुबुधानो᳓ अग्नि᳓म्
उ᳓प ब्रुव उष᳓सं सू᳓रियं गा᳓म्
ब्रध्न᳓म् माँश्चतो᳓र् व᳓रुणस्य बभ्रुं᳓
ते᳓ वि᳓श्वास्म᳓द् दुरिता᳓ यावयन्तु

04 दधिक्रावा प्रथमो - त्रिष्टुप्

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दधिक्रा᳓वा प्रथमो᳓ वाजी᳓ अ᳓र्वा
अ᳓ग्रे र᳓थानाम् भवति प्रजान᳓न्
संविदान᳓ उष᳓सा सू᳓रियेण
आदित्ये᳓भिर् व᳓सुभिर् अ᳓ङ्गिरोभिः

05 आ नो - त्रिष्टुप्

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आ᳓ नो दधिक्राः᳓ पथि᳓याम् अनक्तु
ऋत᳓स्य प᳓न्थाम् अ᳓नुएतवा᳓ उ
शृणो᳓तु नो दइ᳓वियं श᳓र्धो अग्निः᳓
शृण्व᳓न्तु वि᳓श्वे महिषा᳓ अ᳓मूराः