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सायण-भाष्यम्
‘ विश्वेषां वः ‘इत्येकादशर्चं षष्ठं सूक्तं भरद्वाजस्यार्षं त्रैष्टुभं मैत्रावरुणम् । तथा चानुक्रम्यते – ‘ विश्वेषां मैत्रावरुणम्’ इति । सूक्तविनियोगो लैङ्गिकः । मैत्रावरुणे पशौ ‘ आ यातं मित्रावरुणा ’ इति पशुपुरोडाशस्यानुवाक्या । सूत्रितं च - ‘ आ यातं मित्रावरुणा सुशस्त्या नो मित्रावरुणा हव्यजुष्टिम् ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ३. ८ ) इति । व्यूळ्हे दशरात्रे सप्तमेऽहनि प्रउगशस्त्रे ‘प्र यद्वाम् इति मैत्रावरुणस्तृतीयस्तृचः । तथा च सूत्रितं - ‘ प्र यद्वां मित्रावरुणा स्पूर्धन्ना गोमता नासत्या रथेन ’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ८.९ ) इति ।।
Jamison Brereton
67 (508)
Mitra and Varuṇa
Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya
11 verses: triṣṭubh
This is the only hymn dedicated to Mitra and Varuṇa in Maṇḍala VI, though Indra and Varuṇa are the recipients of the next, unremarkable hymn. By contrast, this hymn is obscure in reference and meaning, and full of rare words, unclear morpho logical forms, contorted phraseology, puzzling imagery, and ellipses difficult to fill. Our interpretation of the hymn both in detail and in general outline differs from the many incompatible interpretations offered by other scholars (differences that we cannot discuss here), but our interpretation does produce a clear structure within which the many puzzles can be evaluated.
The hymn begins straightforwardly enough, with an exhortation to the priests to offer ritual praise to Mitra and Varuṇa (vs. 1) and an invitation to the two gods to come to our ritual sacrifice (vss. 2, 3ab). This first section ends (3cd), in our view, with an elaborated version of 1ab, declaring the gods’ power to control even the rich and powerful.
The ritual context returns later in the hymn (vss. 7–8), and the two ritually oriented portions frame a section relating to the birth of Mitra and Varuṇa from Aditi (vs. 4) and the powers they assumed to regulate the cosmos (vss. 5–6). The allusion to their birth recalls the lengthy birth narrative of the Maruts in the immediately preceding hymn (VI.66.1–5). With the return to the ritual situation, the two gods are first exhorted to drink the soma, whose preparation is described in enigmatic terms (vs. 7). In verse 8, again in our view, the two gods receive a summons from Agni (not named), the ritual fire through whom they will con sume ghee, because he finds they are not there. (See the calls in the structurally matching vss. 2–3.)
This absence leads to the final section of the hymn (vss. 9–11), which appears to treat the rivalry among competing sacrificers. If Mitra and Varuṇa are not at our sacrifice (vs. 8b), they must be elsewhere. The poet describes these competi tors in extremely negative terms (vs. 9) as violating the ordinances that are the most prominent feature of Mitra and Varuṇa’s moral command. In contrast, verse 10 presents the proper ritual behavior and attitudes of our side, ending with yet another affirmation of the gods’ power to control and set in place the people (10d, reminiscent of 1cd and 3cd). And in the final verse (11) we are ourselves properly placed in the shelter of Mitra and Varuṇa (a placement first requested in vs. 2), hoping for generous gifts when the soma sacrifice is performed. The last half-verse refers, in our view, to this sacrifice: the cows are the milk mixture pursuing the straight-flying soma; the bold bull in battle-lust is also the soma. But the expressions also evoke martial images appropriate to the rivalry among sacrificers found in the preceding two verses. It is worth not
ing that the preceding hymn also made brief allusion to sacrificial rivalry in its final verse (VI.66.11).
Jamison Brereton Notes
Mitra and Varuṇa
01 विश्वेषां वः - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
विश्वे॑षां वः स॒तां ज्येष्ठ॑तमा गी॒र्भिर्मि॒त्रावरु॑णा वावृ॒धध्यै॑ ।
सं या र॒श्मेव॑ य॒मतु॒र्यमि॑ष्ठा॒ द्वा जनाँ॒ अस॑मा बा॒हुभिः॒ स्वैः ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
विश्वे॑षां वः स॒तां ज्येष्ठ॑तमा गी॒र्भिर्मि॒त्रावरु॑णा वावृ॒धध्यै॑ ।
सं या र॒श्मेव॑ य॒मतु॒र्यमि॑ष्ठा॒ द्वा जनाँ॒ अस॑मा बा॒हुभिः॒ स्वैः ॥
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अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
वि꣡श्वेषां वः सतां᳐꣡ ज्ये꣡ष्ठतमा
गीर्भि꣡र् मित्रा꣡व꣡रुणा वावृध꣡ध्यै
सं꣡ या꣡ रश्मे꣡व यम꣡तुर् य꣡मिष्ठा
दुवा꣡ ज꣡नाँ अ꣡समा बाहु꣡भिः स्वइः꣡
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
jyéṣṭhatamā ← jyéṣṭhatama- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}
satā́m ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
víśveṣām ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}
gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}
mitrā́váruṇā ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}
vāvr̥dhádhyai ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
iva ← iva (invariable)
{}
raśmā́ ← raśmán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sám ← sám (invariable)
{}
yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
yamátuḥ ← √yam- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
yámiṣṭhā ← yámiṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
ásamā ← ásama- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
bāhúbhiḥ ← bāhú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
dvā́ ← dvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
jánān ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
svaíḥ ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
विश्वे॑षाम् । वः॒ । स॒ताम् । ज्येष्ठ॑ऽतमा । गीः॒ऽभिः । मि॒त्रावरु॑णा । व॒वृ॒धध्यै॑ ।
सम् । या । र॒श्माऽइ॑व । य॒मतुः॑ । यमि॑ष्ठा । द्वा । जना॑न् । अस॑मा । बा॒हुऽभिः॑ । स्वैः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- viśveṣāṃ ← viśveṣām ← viśva
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- vaḥ ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, plural
- “you.”
- satāṃ ← satām ← as
- [verb noun], genitive, plural
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
- jyeṣṭhatamā ← jyeṣṭhatama
- [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
- gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
- [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
- “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”
- mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrāvaruṇa
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “Varuna; Mitra.”
- vāvṛdhadhyai ← vṛdh
- [verb noun]
- “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”
- saṃ ← sam
- [adverb]
- “sam; together; together; saṃ.”
- yā ← yad
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- raśmeva ← raśmā ← raśman
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “rein.”
- raśmeva ← iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- yamatur ← yamatuḥ ← yam
- [verb], dual, Aorist conj./subj.
- “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”
- yamiṣṭhā ← yamiṣṭha
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- dvā ← dvi
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “two; dvi [word]; second.”
- janāṃ ← jana
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
- asamā ← asama
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “incomparable; unlike.”
- bāhubhiḥ ← bāhu
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “arm; bāhu [word]; elbow; forefoot.”
- svaiḥ ← sva
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
विश्वेषां सतां मध्ये ज्येष्ठतमा ज्येष्ठतमौ मित्रावरुणौ वः वां गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः ववृधध्यै वर्धयितुं प्रवृत्तोऽस्मि । या यौ द्वा द्वौ सहितौ असमा विषमौ । ’ त्रिरश्रिं हन्ति चतुरश्रिरुग्रः ’ ( ऋ. सं. १.१५२.२ ) इति निगमान्तरेणासाम्यं दर्शितम् । यमिष्ठा यन्तृतमौ स्वैः आत्मीयै बाहुभिः रश्मेव रश्मिनेवाश्वान् जनान् सं यमतुः संयच्छतः । बाहुभिरिति बहुवचनं पूजार्थम् ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“(I proceed) by my praises to exalt you, Mira and Varuṇa, the eldest of all existing things; you two, though not the same, are the irmest resrainers with your arms, and hold men back (from eil) as they check (horses) with reins.”
Jamison Brereton
Of all beings the most preeminent, Mitra and Varuṇa are to be
continuously strengthened by your songs.
The best controllers, the two without equal, who, like reins, firmly
control the peoples with their own arms.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The hymn does not start promisingly, with a bad, and unfixable, cadence in pāda a (jyẽ́ṣṭhatamā). Pāda c also ends with a superlative (yámiṣṭhā), which makes a fine cadence. Perhaps this morphological parallelism invited the deployment of the double splv. jyẽṣṭhatamā in this unfavorable position.
Both Geldner and Renou predicate the infin. vāvṛdhádhyai to a supplied 1st pl. (e.g., “M+V … wollen wir erbauen …”), but there is no reason why the dual dvandva mitrā́váruṇā can’t be a nom., with a passive reading of the infin., as I take it. In Renou’s case the supposed 1st ps. subj. leads him to take vaḥ as obj. (“vous les plus puissants …”), though of course it is plural and does not match the referents in number and, compounding the grammatical lapses, to tr. mitrā́váruṇā as voc. (“ô Varuṇa-Mitra”).
This was not Renou’s finest hour. Geldner manages to shift vaḥ off into an oblique role (“für euch,” presumably referring to the human beneficiaries of the 1st ps. poet-ritualists’ activities), but absent a 1st ps. subj., vaḥ can be attached directly to the poets’ songs used for strengthening, as in the published translation
In c the grammatical identity of raśmā́(in sandhi with the simile particle raśméva) is unclear. It is generally taken, I think correctly, to the -n-stem raśmán-, otherwise found only in cmpds. Grassmann calls it an instr., and Wackernagel concurs (AiG III.268), as does Renou (clearer in the comm. [EVP VII] than in the weaselly tr. “comme (avec) une rêne” [EVP V]). But -mā instr. to -man-stems are rare; AiG cites only the likewise hapax drāghmā́in X.70.4. We might rather expect *raś(a)nā́or the like (cf. mahinā́to mahimán-), and in fact such a posited form might yield the well-attested - ā-stem raśanā́- ‘halter’ as a decasuative from the instr. (though the Iranian forms showing this same internal vowel [see EWA s.v.] might give us pause). Geldner by contrast takes it as a nom. sg., which is grammatically impeccable as long as the stem is masc. (Since its other two occurences are in bahuvrīhis, it is impossible to be sure, but suffix-accented -mán-stems are in fact generally masc.; cf. AiG II.2.754.) Either nom. or instr. would work fine in the passage; in the former case the comparison would be to Mitra and Varuṇa as controllers; in the latter to the arms with which they perform the controlling (bāhúbhiḥ svaíḥ). In neither case would raśmā́match the frame in number. I have followed Geldner in taking it as a nom., though I would like it to be dual, like apásā in 3c, but this is morphologically impossible.
The verb form yamátuḥ is generally assigned to the pf. stem (Grassmann, Wh Rts, Kümmel), though Lubotsky lists it with the root aor., labelling it a nonce. Kümmel (399) derives this nonredupl. pf. by analogy to “nur scheinbar reduplikationslosem takṣathur : takṣur” to the 3rd pl. injunc. root aor. yamur. Since there is no real semantic connection between the two roots √yam and √takṣ, and the supposed model takṣathur is found only once in the RV, in Maṇḍala X (as opposed to the well-established redupl. pf. tatákṣa, etc.), this seems an unlikely channel. A more likely one is found in the immediate context: the pāda ends … yamátur yámiṣṭhā, with the dual splv. “best controllers” serving as subj. to the etymologically identical verb. In these circumstances substituting the root syllable yam found in the splv. for the weak form yem found in the proper dual pf. yemáthur (2x; cf. also 3rd du. yematur) would not be surprising.
Griffith
NOW Mitra-Varuna shall be exalted high by your songs, noblest of all existing;
They who, as ’twere with reins are best Controllers, unequalled with their arms to check the people.
Geldner
Mitra und Varuna, die Allerhöchsten unter allen Wesen, wollen wir für euch mit Lobesworten erbauen, die unvergleichlichen besten Lenker, die beide wie ein Zügel die Menschen mit eigenen Armen im Zaum halten.
Grassmann
Die von euch guten allen sind die besten, Varuna-Mitra preis’ ich nun mit Liedern, Die besten Lenker, die wie Zügel lenken, das Männerpaar, an Armkraft unvergleichlich.
Elizarenkova
Самых лучших из всех существ,
Митру-Варуну, мы хотим усилить для вас хвалебными песнями,
(Тех двоих) несравненных, правящих лучше всех,
Что вместе правили народами, словно уздой, своими руками.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- स्वराट्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अब ग्यारह ऋचावाले सड़सठवें सूक्त का आरम्भ है, उसके प्रथम मन्त्र में मनुष्यों को किनका सत्कार करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (विश्वेषाम्) सब (सताम्) सज्जन जो (वः) आप लोग उनमें (या) जो (ज्येष्ठतमा) अतीव ज्येष्ठ (यमिष्ठा) अतीव नियम को वर्त्तनेवाले (असमा) अतुल्य अर्थात् सब से अधिक (मित्रावरुणा) प्राण और उदान के समान अध्यापक और उपदेशक (वावृधध्यै) अत्यन्त बढ़ने के लिये (जनान्) मनुष्यों को (रश्मेव) किरण वा रज्जु के समान (गीर्भिः) वाणियों से (सम्, यमतुः) नियमयुक्त करते हैं और (द्वा) दोनों सज्जन (स्वैः) अपनी (बाहुभिः) भुजाओं से मनुष्यों को किरण वा रस्सी के समान नियम में लाते हैं, उन अध्यापक और उपदेशकों का सदैव सत्कार करो ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। हे मनुष्यो ! जो विद्या और उत्तम शील आदि गुणों से श्रेष्ठ, अधर्म से निवृत्त कर धर्म के बीच प्रवृत्त करानेवाले, अध्यापन और उपदेश से सूर्य के समान उत्तम बुद्धि के प्रकाश करनेवाले हों, उन्हीं का सदा सत्कार करो ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! विश्वेषां सतां वो या ज्येष्ठतमा यमिष्ठा असमा मित्रावरुणा वावृधध्यै जनान् रश्मेव गीर्भिः संयमतुर्द्वा स्वैर्बाहुभिर्जनान् रश्मेव सं यमतुस्तावध्यापकोपदेशकौ यूयं सदा सत्कुरुत ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अथ मनुष्यैः केषां सत्कारः कर्त्तव्य इत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वेषाम्) सर्वेषाम् (वः) युष्माकम् (सताम्) वर्त्तमानानां सत्पुरुषाणां मध्ये (ज्येष्ठतमा) अतिशयेन ज्येष्ठौ (गीर्भिः) वाग्भिः (मित्रावरुणा) प्राणोदानाविवऽध्यापकोपदेशकौ (वावृधध्यै) अतिशयेन वर्धितुम् (सम्) (या) यौ (रश्मेव) किरणवद्रज्जुवद्वा (यमतुः) संयच्छतः (यमिष्ठा) अतिशयेन यन्तारौ (द्वा) द्वौ (जनान्) (असमा) अतुल्यौ सर्वेभ्योऽधिकौ (बाहुभिः) भुजैः (स्वैः) स्वकीयैः ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। हे मनुष्या ! ये विद्यासुशीलतादिगुणैः श्रेष्ठा अधर्मान्निवर्त्य धर्मे प्रवर्त्तयितारोऽध्यापनोपदेशाभ्यां सूर्यवत्प्रज्ञाप्रकाशका भवेयुस्तेषामेव सत्कारं सदैव कुरुत ॥१॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - विषयः
या सूक्तात प्राण उदानाप्रमाणे अध्यापक व उपदेशकांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्वसूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. हे माणसांनो ! जो विद्या व उत्तम शील इत्यादी गुणांनी श्रेष्ठ, अधर्मापासून दूर करून धर्मात प्रवृत्त करणारे, अध्यापन व उपदेशाने सूर्याप्रमाणे उत्तम बुद्धीचा प्रकाश करणारे असतात त्यांचाच सत्कार करा. ॥ १ ॥
02 इयं मद्वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
इ॒यं मद्वां॒ प्र स्तृ॑णीते मनी॒षोप॑ प्रि॒या नम॑सा ब॒र्हिरच्छ॑ ।
य॒न्तं नो॑ मित्रावरुणा॒वधृ॑ष्टं छ॒र्दिर्यद्वां॑ वरू॒थ्यं॑ सुदानू ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
इ॒यं मद्वां॒ प्र स्तृ॑णीते मनी॒षोप॑ प्रि॒या नम॑सा ब॒र्हिरच्छ॑ ।
य॒न्तं नो॑ मित्रावरुणा॒वधृ॑ष्टं छ॒र्दिर्यद्वां॑ वरू॒थ्यं॑ सुदानू ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
इय꣡म् म꣡द् वाम् प्र꣡ स्तृणीते मनीषा꣡
उ꣡प प्रिया꣡ न꣡मसा बर्हि꣡र् अ꣡छ
यन्तं꣡ नो मित्रावरुणाव् अ꣡धृष्टं
छर्दि꣡र् य꣡द् वां वरूथि꣡यं सुदानू
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
iyám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}
manīṣā́ ← manīṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}
mát ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ABL, number:SG}
prá ← prá (invariable)
{}
str̥ṇīte ← √str̥̄- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
ácha ← ácha (invariable)
{}
barhíḥ ← barhís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
námasā ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
priyā́ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}
úpa ← úpa (invariable)
{}
ádhr̥ṣṭam ← ádhr̥ṣṭa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
mitrāvaruṇau ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
yantám ← √yam- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
chardíḥ ← chardís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
sudānū ← sudā́nu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
varūthyàm ← varūthyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
इ॒यम् । मत् । वा॒म् । प्र । स्तृ॒णी॒ते॒ । म॒नी॒षा । उप॑ । प्रि॒या । नम॑सा । ब॒र्हिः । अच्छ॑ ।
य॒न्तम् । नः॒ । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णौ॒ । अधृ॑ष्टम् । छ॒र्दिः । यत् । वा॒म् । व॒रू॒थ्य॑म् । सु॒दा॒नू॒ इति॑ सुऽदानू ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- iyam ← idam
- [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- mad ← mat ← mad
- [noun], ablative, singular
- “I; mine.”
- vām ← tvad
- [noun], dative, dual
- “you.”
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- stṛṇīte ← stṛ
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “spread; kill; lay; cover.”
- manīṣopa ← manīṣā
- [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
- “hymn; inspiration; idea; thinking; wish; consideration; intelligence.”
- manīṣopa ← upa
- [adverb]
- “towards; on; next.”
- priyā ← priya
- [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
- “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”
- namasā ← namas
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”
- barhir ← barhiḥ ← barhis
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “Barhis; barhis [word].”
- accha ← acchā
- [adverb]
- “towards; accha [prefix].”
- yantaṃ ← yantam ← yam
- [verb], dual, Aorist imperative
- “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”
- no ← naḥ ← mad
- [noun], dative, plural
- “I; mine.”
- mitrāvaruṇāv ← mitrāvaruṇau ← mitrāvaruṇa
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “Varuna; Mitra.”
- adhṛṣṭaṃ ← adhṛṣṭam ← adhṛṣṭa
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “modest; invincible.”
- chardir ← chardiḥ ← chardis
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “protection; protective covering.”
- yad ← yat ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- vāṃ ← vām ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, dual
- “you.”
- varūthyaṃ ← varūthyam ← varūthya
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “protecting.”
- sudānū ← sudānu
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “big; lavish.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे मित्रावरुणौ वां युवां मत् मम इयं मनीषा स्तुतिः प्र स्तृणीते प्रच्छादयति । प्रिया हे प्रियौ युवां नमसा अन्नेन हविषा सह उप गच्छति च । युवयोः बर्हिः यज्ञमू अच्छ अभिगच्छति च । हे मित्रावरुणौ नः अस्मभ्यम् अधृष्टम् अनभिभूतं छर्दिः गृहं यन्तं प्रयच्छतम् । हे सुदानू शोभनदानौ वां युवयोः संबन्धि युवाभ्यां देयं यत् गृहं वरूथ्यं शीतवातातपानां वारयितृ भवति ।
Wilson
English translation:
“This my praise is addressed to you both, and proceeds to you beloved (deities) together with the oblation; the sacred grass is spread before you; grant us, Mitra and Varuṇa an unassailable dwelling, that through your favour, munificent divinities, may be a (secure) shelter.”
Jamison Brereton
This inspired thought from me is spread forth for you two, (calling you) two dear ones with homage to the ritual grass.
Hold forth to us, Mitra and Varuṇa, the unbesiegable shelter of yours that provides defense, o you of good drops.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The first hemistich displays a sort of contrastive ritual synesthesia. In the first pāda an inspired thought (manīṣā́) is ‘spread forth’ (prá stṛṇīte), an action not literally applicable to a verbal product but suitable to the barhis or ritual grass found in b, which is not the obj. of this verb. What is going on in b is not clear until we reach the next vs. The b pāda of 2 contains a set of apparently unconnected notions without a unifying verb: úpa priyā́námasā barhír ácha “up to, the two dear ones (or, with a dear one), with homage, to the ritual grass,” but the corresponding pāda in 3 pulls together this disarray: úpa priyā́námasā hūyámānā. The missing verbal action is ‘call’, and now the two dear ones, the instrumental homage, and the barhis all make sense. I therefore (with Geldner, but not Renou) supply a form of ‘call’ in 2b. And ‘call’ is more appropriate to the inspired thought of pāda a than the spreading that occurred there. In the published translation I supply a participial form modifying the inspired thought and having active semantics, with priyā́as acc. obj. (“calling [you] two dear ones”). I now see that it might be desirable to supply the exact form found in the next vs., the dual pass. hūyámānā, tr. “… you two, the dear ones being called …” However, there is a grammatical obstacle, in that vām in 2a must be a gen./dat. enclitic, not an acc., and therefore there is no available acc. in the structural frame of the hemistich that a passive participle could modify. This might be finessed by taking b as a sort of loosely connected new start. However, I prefer to stay with the published translation, both for the syntactic reasons just mentioned, and because it makes the connection between the inspired thought and the call to the gods more direct.
The nominal rel. cl. yád vāṃ varūthyàm is another ex. of an izafe-like construction. Here, since nothing follows it but a voc., it does not appear embedded, as many such phrases do, but it adds to the dossier of these constructions.
Griffith
To you Two Gods is this my thought extended, turned to the sacred grass with loving homage.
Give us, O Mitra-Varuna, a dwelling safe from attack, which ye shall guard, Boon-Givers!
Geldner
Dies Gedicht wird euch von mir als Teppich hingebreitet; ich rufe die Beliebten unter Verneigung zum Barhis her. Gewähret uns, Mitra und Varuna, euren unangreifbaren, schirmenden Schutz, den ihr Gabenschönen habt!
Grassmann
Dies Andachtslied ward euch von mir gestreuet, hin auf den Streusitz demuthsvoll, ihr lieben; Reicht sichern Schutz uns, Varuna und Mitra, den ihr gewährt, der schirmt, o gabenreiche.
Elizarenkova
Это произведение расстилается вам от меня (как жертвенная солома).
Я при(зываю) с поклоном двоих любимых на солому.
Даруйте нам, о Митра-Варуна, неодолимую
Защиту, (всё) заслоняющую собой, которая (есть) у вас, о (боги) с прекрасными дарами!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (सुदानू) सुन्दर दान देनेवालो ! (प्रिया) मनोहर (मित्रावरुणौ) अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! (वाम्) तुम दोनों की (नमसा) सत्कार वा अन्नादिकों के साथ (इयम्) यह (मनीषा) विद्या और उत्तम शिक्षा युक्त बुद्धि (मत्) मुझ से (प्र, स्तृणीते) अच्छे प्रकार सर्व विषयों को आच्छादित करती है तथा (यत्) जो (वाम्) तुम दोनों के (वरूथ्यम्) घर के बीच उत्पन्न हुए (बर्हिः) अतीव विशाल तथा (अच्छ) अच्छे प्रकार (यन्तम्) प्राप्त होते हुए और (नः) हमारे (अधृष्टम्) शत्रुओं की न धृष्टता को प्राप्त हुए (छर्दिः) घर को (उप) समीप से ढाँपती है, वह सब को अच्छे प्रकार ग्रहण करने योग्य है ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जिनके सङ्ग से हमको उत्तम बुद्धि और घर प्राप्त होते हैं, उनको सदैव तुम मानो ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे सुदानू प्रिया मित्रावरुणौ ! वां नमसेयं मनीषा मत्प्र स्तृणीते यद्वां वरूथ्यं बर्हिरच्छ यन्तं नोऽधृष्टं छर्दिरुप स्तृणीते सा सर्वैः सङ्ग्राह्या ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इयम्) (मत्) मम सकाशात् (वाम्) युवयोः (प्र) (स्तृणीते) आच्छादयति प्राप्नोति वा (मनीषा) विद्यासुशिक्षायुक्ता प्रज्ञा (उप) (प्रिया) प्रियौ कमनीयौ (नमसा) सत्कारेणान्नाद्येन सह वा (बर्हिः) अतीव विशालम् (अच्छ) सम्यक् (यन्तम्) प्राप्नुवन्तम् (नः) अस्माकम् (मित्रावरुणौ) अध्यापकोपदेशकौ (अधृष्टम्) शत्रुभिरधर्षितम् (छर्दिः) गृहम् (यत्) (वाम्) युवयोः (वरूथ्यम्) वरूथे गृहे भवम् (सुदानू) शोभनानि दानानि ययोस्तौ ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! ययोः सङ्गेनास्मानुत्तमे प्रज्ञागृहे प्राप्नुतस्तौ सदैव यूयं मन्यध्वम् ॥२॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! ज्यांच्या संगतीने आपल्याला उत्तम बुद्धी व घरे प्राप्त होतात त्यांचा तुम्ही सदैव सन्मान करा. ॥ २ ॥
03 आ यातम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
आ या॑तं मित्रावरुणा सुश॒स्त्युप॑ प्रि॒या नम॑सा हू॒यमा॑ना ।
सं याव॑प्नः॒स्थो अ॒पसे॑व॒ जना॑ञ्छ्रुधीय॒तश्चि॑द्यतथो महि॒त्वा ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
आ या॑तं मित्रावरुणा सुश॒स्त्युप॑ प्रि॒या नम॑सा हू॒यमा॑ना ।
सं याव॑प्नः॒स्थो अ॒पसे॑व॒ जना॑ञ्छ्रुधीय॒तश्चि॑द्यतथो महि॒त्वा ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
आ꣡ यातम् मित्रावरुणा सुशस्ति꣡
उ꣡प प्रिया꣡ न꣡मसा हूय꣡माना
सं꣡ या꣡व् अप्नस्थो꣡ अप꣡सेव ज꣡नाञ्
छ्रुधीयत꣡श् चिद् यतथो महित्वा꣡
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}
mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
suśastí ← suśastí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
yātam ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
hūyámānā ← √hū- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}
námasā ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
priyā́ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
úpa ← úpa (invariable)
{}
apásā ← apás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
apnastháḥ ← apnasthá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
iva ← iva (invariable)
{}
jánān ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
sám ← sám (invariable)
{}
yaú ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
cit ← cit (invariable)
{}
mahitvā́ ← mahitvá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
śrudhīyatáḥ ← √śrudhīy- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
yatathaḥ ← √yat- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
आ । या॒त॒म् । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णा॒ । सु॒ऽश॒स्ति । उप॑ । प्रि॒या । नम॑सा । हू॒यमा॑ना ।
सम् । यौ । अ॒प्नः॒ऽस्थः । अ॒पसा॑ऽइव । जना॑न् । श्रु॒धि॒ऽय॒तः । चि॒त् । य॒त॒थः॒ । म॒हि॒ऽत्वा ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- ā
- [adverb]
- “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
- yātam ← yā
- [verb], dual, Present imperative
- “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
- mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrāvaruṇa
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “Varuna; Mitra.”
- suśasty ← su
- [adverb]
- “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
- suśasty ← śastī ← śasti
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “hymn; praise.”
- upa
- [adverb]
- “towards; on; next.”
- priyā ← priya
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”
- namasā ← namas
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”
- hūyamānā ← hu
- [verb noun], nominative, dual
- “sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”
- saṃ ← sam
- [adverb]
- “sam; together; together; saṃ.”
- yāv ← yau ← yad
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- apnaḥstho ← apnaḥsthaḥ ← apnaḥstha
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- apaseva ← apasā ← apas
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “busy; effective; hardworking.”
- apaseva ← iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- janāñ ← janān ← jana
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
- chrudhīyataś ← śrudhīyataḥ ← śrudhīyat
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- cid ← cit
- [adverb]
- “even; indeed.”
- yatatho ← yatathaḥ ← yat
- [verb], dual, Present indikative
- “strive; endeavor; join; equal; rival.”
- mahitvā ← mahitva
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “greatness.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे मित्रावरुणौ सुशस्ति शोभनशंसनं नमसा अन्नेन हविषा स्तोत्रेण वा हूयमाना स्तूयमानौ वा प्रिया विश्वस्य प्रियौ उप आ यातम् उपागच्छतम् । यौ महित्वा महत्त्वेन युक्तौ युवां श्रुधीयतः श्रुधिमन्नं यशो वात्मन इच्छतो जनान् अप्नःस्थः कर्मण्यधिकृतः पुरुषः । ‘ अपः अप्नः’ इति कर्मनामसु पाठात् । अपसेव कर्मणेव सं यतथः संयच्छथः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Come, Mitra and Varuṇa, beloved by all, and invoked with reveence to the propitious ite, you who by your bounty support men labouring for sustenance as a work man (maintains himself) by work.”
Jamison Brereton
Drive hither, Mitra and Varuṇa, dear ones being called to (the ritual grass) with good recitation, with homage.
You two who like industrious workers firmly (control) (even) the peoples ensconced in prosperity, you set in their place even those (who
themselves say) “listen!” [=bosses], with your greatness.
Jamison Brereton Notes
For the connection of the first hemistich, and esp. b, with 2ab, esp. b, see comm. on the preceding vs. Here, since Mitra and Varuṇa are subjects, the pass.
participle hūyámānā is in the nom. The 2nd hemistich is extremely problematic. Among other things, the rel. prn.
yaú in c calls for an accented verb, but the only finite verb in the hemistich is unaccented yatathaḥ in d; the hapax apnastháḥ in c is of unclear meaning and has an uncertain grammatical identity; the following simile apáseva has been variously interpr.; śrudhīyatáḥ is a hapax denominative part.; and even if all these questions are solved, what does it all add up to? Before addressing any of these questions directly, note several plays on the syllable yā̆ in the early part of the hymn: 1) PREV + dual rel. pronoun in the initial sequences sáṃ yā́(1c), sáṃ yā́v (our 3c) (as well as prá yā́[4c] and, with slight transformation, pári yád [5c]); 2) dual verbs yamátuḥ (1c), yantám (2c), ā́yātam (3a), yatathaḥ (3d). These observations set the stage for a way to reason through the problems of this hemistich.
Let us begin with the problem of the lack of accented verb in what must be a rel. cl. introduced by sáṃ yaú. Assuming that d, with its unaccented verb, is the main cl. corresponding to the rel. cl. of c, which has no overt verb, there is a non-arbitrary way to generate one: in 1c the same opening sequence sáṃ yā́(differing only in the form of the dual rel. prn., attributable to the variation in the following initial) does have an accented verb, pf. yamátuḥ, reinforced by the immediately flg. splv.
yámiṣṭhā, with the verb of 2c, yantám, also belonging to the root √yam. Our opening sáṃ yaú cries out for (or at least whispers for) a similar form of √yam, and so I have supplied it. Note that the obj. of sám … yamátuḥ in 1cd is jánān as here. (Geldner [n. 3cd] supplies náyathaḥ, on the basis of V.65.6 yuvám mitremáṃ jánaṃ, yátathaḥ sáṃ ca nayathaḥ, also a M+V passage; this is a reasonable idea based on a good parallel, and in some ways amounts to the same thing: he tr. “die die Menschen zusammen(halten)” – but I prefer mine because it is generated within the hymn’s context. Oldenberg appears to supply a form of √yat matching the one in the main cl. of d, as does Renou) On the question of apáseva there is now a reasonable consensus (Oldenberg, Geldner, Renou, and me, but see Grassmann and Oldenberg for alternative views) that this represents a dual NA apásā referring to M+V as subjects. They are therefore controlling the peoples (jánān) as workers (or, perhaps better, work-overseers) do. But we must now confront the hapax apnastháḥ. This is likely a cmpd of ápnas- ‘property, riches’ and a form of √sthā. But what form? Grassmann, Debrunner (AiG II.2.37), and EWA (s.v. ápnas-) assign it to a them. stem apnasthá-, which would require it to be a nom. sg., which ill accords with the assumed dual subj. If it is nom. sg., then apásā would be pushed into the acc. slot, where there is no syntactic place for it, or else, with an unenthusiastic suggestion of Oldenberg’s, it would be an instr. sg. to the neut. s-stem, for
*ápasā. Better to take it, by Oldenberg’s preferred interpr., as belonging to a root-noun cmpd apnas-sthā́-. Under this interpr. it would be an acc. pl. This seems the least objectionable from a contextual point of view; even though acc. pl. to root nouns in - ā aren’t certainly attested (see the not very helpful treatments of Lanman [Noun Inflec. 451 and passim], Macdonell VG 253), both -as and -ās seem to be possibilities. The 1st members of cmpds in -sthā́- generally have a locatival relationship to their 2nd member, so ‘standing/staying in ápnas-’ is the likely meaning. As for its function in the clause, I take it as qualifying jánān (so also Oldenberg, though with alternatives), while Geldner and Renou take it as part of the simile (e.g., “… die die Menschen zusammen(halten) wie Werkmeister die Lohnarbeiter”), and Scarlatta, flg.
Neisser, takes it as the designation of a group of people distinct from the general jánān but still in the frame. In the absence of other attestations of the cmpd or underlying phrase, this cannot be decisively determined. For a detailed disc. of the word and the passage, see Scarlatta 645-46.
The denom. śrudhīyá- is, by most accounts (see Oldenberg, Renou), but not by Geldner’s (see n. 3d), built to the 2nd sg. impv. śrudhí ‘listen!’. It is an acc. pl. part. The question is what sense it is conveying. Grassmann glosses ‘gehorsam sein’, but since even (cid) this group of people is put in its place by M+V with their greatness (mahitvā́), it is unlikely that they were already obedient. Oldenberg (see also Renou) suggests that it is people who address M+V with this impv., perhaps indicating that they stand in a close or privileged relationship with those gods. I think rather that it may refer to people powerful enough to command obedience from other men through such peremptory commands. They would then be similar in stature to the apnastháḥ: two sets of people used to getting their own way (rich and demanding), who have to submit to M+V.
Griffith
Come hither, Mitra-Varuna, invited with eulogies and loving adoration,
Ye who with your might, as Work-Controllers, urge even men who quickly hear to labour.
Geldner
Kommet her, Mitra und Varuna, die Beliebten, mit schöner Rede unter Verneigung hergerufen, die die Menschen zusammenhalten wie Werkmeister die Lohnarbeiter. Ihr gebet durch eure Größe auch den Gehorsam Verlangenden ein gutes Beispiel
Grassmann
Kommt her zum Preislied, Varuna und Mitra, herbeigerufen demuthsvoll, ihr lieben, Die, wie der Herr zur Arbeit seine Leute, ihr mächtig alle, die euch folgen, antreibt.
Elizarenkova
Приходите, о Митра-Варуна, как любимые,
Призываемые прекрасной речью с поклонением,
(Вы,) что (собираете) вместе людей, как два мастера - участников работы.
Тех же, кто (говорит вам:) Слушай!, своим величием вы расставляете по местам.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर कौन निरन्तर सत्कार करने योग्य हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (प्रिया) सब को तृप्त करनेवाले (मित्रावरुणा) प्राण और उदान के समान प्रिय पुरुषो ! (नमसा) सत्कार से (हूयमाना) बुलाते हुए तुम दोनों (जनान्) मनुष्य के (उप, आ, यातम्) समीप आओ तथा (सुशस्ति) सुन्दर प्रशंसा को प्राप्त होओ (यौ) जो (चित्) निश्चय से (महित्वा) बड़प्पन से (यतथः) यत्न करते हैं वा (श्रुधीयतः) अपने अन्न की इच्छा करते हैं, वे दोनों (अप्नःस्थः) सन्तानों में ठहरनेवाला (अपसेव) कर्म से जैसे वैसे हम लोगों को (सम्) प्राप्त होवें ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! तुम अध्यापक और उपदेशकों को सदा सत्कार से बुलाकर उनका सत्कार कर विद्या और सत्योपदेश को संसार के बीच विस्तारो। हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! तुम प्रयत्न से माता और पिता के समान मनुष्यों को उत्तम शिक्षा देकर विद्यावान् सर्वोपकार करनेवालों को सिद्ध करो ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे प्रिया मित्रावरुणा नमसा हूयमाना ! युवां जनानुपा यातं सुशस्ति प्राप्नुतं यौ चिन्महित्वा यतथश्श्रुधीयतस्तावप्नःस्थोऽपसेवास्माञ्जनान् समुपायातम् ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः कौ सततं सत्करणीयावित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (आ) समन्तात् (यातम्) आगच्छतम् (मित्रावरुणा) प्राणोदानवत्प्रियौ (सुशस्ति) सुष्ठु प्रशंसनम् (उप) (प्रिया) यौ सर्वान् प्रीणीतस्तौ (नमसा) सत्कारेण (हूयमाना) आहूयमानौ (सम्) (यौ) (अप्नःस्थः) अपत्यस्थः (अपसेव) कर्मणेव (जनान्) (श्रुधीयतः) आत्मनः श्रुधिमन्नमिच्छतः (चित्) अपि (यतथः) (महित्वा) महिम्ना ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यूयमध्यापकोपदेशकौ सदा सत्कारेणाहूय सम्पूज्य विद्यासत्योपदेशौ जगति प्रसारयत। हे अध्यापकोपदेशका ! यूयं प्रयत्नेन मातापितृवन्मनुष्यान् सुशिक्ष्य विद्यावतः सर्वोपकारकान् सम्पादयत ॥३॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! तुम्ही अध्यापक व उपदेशकांचा सदैव सत्कार करून आमंत्रण देऊन सन्मान करा व विद्या आणि सत्योपदेश जगात प्रसारित करा. हे अध्यापक व उपदेशकांनो ! तुम्ही प्रयत्नपूर्वक माता व पिता यांच्याप्रमाणे माणसांना उत्तम शिक्षण देऊन विद्यावान व सर्वोपकारी बनवा. ॥ ३ ॥
04 अश्वा न - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अश्वा॒ न या वा॒जिना॑ पू॒तब॑न्धू ऋ॒ता यद्गर्भ॒मदि॑ति॒र्भर॑ध्यै ।
प्र या महि॑ म॒हान्ता॒ जाय॑माना घो॒रा मर्ता॑य रि॒पवे॒ नि दी॑धः ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अश्वा॒ न या वा॒जिना॑ पू॒तब॑न्धू ऋ॒ता यद्गर्भ॒मदि॑ति॒र्भर॑ध्यै ।
प्र या महि॑ म॒हान्ता॒ जाय॑माना घो॒रा मर्ता॑य रि॒पवे॒ नि दी॑धः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अ꣡श्वा न꣡ या꣡ वाजि꣡ना पूत꣡बन्धू
ऋता꣡ य꣡द् ग꣡र्भम् अ꣡दितिर् भ꣡रध्यै
प्र꣡ या꣡ म꣡हि महा꣡न्ता जा꣡यमाना
घोरा꣡ म꣡र्ताय रिप꣡वे नि꣡ दीधः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
áśvā ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
ná ← ná (invariable)
{}
pūtábandhū ← pūtábandhu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
vājínā ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
áditiḥ ← áditi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}
bháradhyai ← √bhr̥- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG, tense:PRS}
gárbham ← gárbha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
r̥tā́ ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
jā́yamānā ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
mahā́ntā ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
máhi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
prá ← prá (invariable)
{}
yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
dīdhar ← √dhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
ghorā́ ← ghorá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
mártāya ← márta- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
ní ← ní (invariable)
{}
ripáve ← ripú- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
अश्वा॑ । न । या । वा॒जिना॑ । पू॒तब॑न्धू॒ इति॑ पू॒तऽब॑न्धू । ऋ॒ता । यत् । गर्भ॑म् । अदि॑तिः । भर॑ध्यै ।
प्र । या । महि॑ । म॒हान्ता॑ । जाय॑माना । घो॒रा । मर्ता॑य । रि॒पवे॑ । नि । दी॒ध॒रिति॑ दीधः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- aśvā ← aśva
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- yā ← yad
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- vājinā ← vājin
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “victorious; triumphant; strong; gainful.”
- pūtabandhū ← pūta ← pū
- [verb noun]
- “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”
- pūtabandhū ← bandhū ← bandhu
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “relative; bandhu [word]; association; friend; kin.”
- ṛtā ← ṛta
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- garbham ← garbha
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “fetus; garbha; inside; cavity; embryo; uterus; child; pit; garbhadruti; filling; pregnancy; room; abdomen; fertilization; inside; hole; baby; calyx; midst.”
- aditir ← aditiḥ ← aditi
- [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
- “Aditi; aditi [word].”
- bharadhyai ← bhṛ
- [verb noun]
- “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- yā ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- mahi
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “great; firm.”
- mahāntā ← mahat
- [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
- “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
- jāyamānā ← jan
- [verb noun], accusative, dual
- “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
- ghorā ← ghora
- [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
- “awful; dangerous; terrific; intense; dreadful.”
- martāya ← marta
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “man.”
- ripave ← ripu
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “punic; deceitful; unfriendly.”
- ni
- [adverb]
- “back; down.”
- dīdhaḥ ← dhṛ
- [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
- “keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
या यौ अश्वा न अश्वाविव वाजिना वाजिनौ बलिनौ पूतबन्धू पूतस्तोत्रौ ऋता सत्यौ च । यत् यौ गर्भं गर्भभूतौ अदितिः देवी भरध्यै बभार । किंच या यौ जायमाना जायमानावेव महि महतः महान्ता महत्तरौ प्रभूतौ मित्रावरुणौ मर्ताय मर्त्याय रिपवे हिंसकाय घोरा घोरौ घातकौ नि दीधः निदधारादितिः स्वोदरे ।
Wilson
English translation:
“Who (are) strong as horses, accepters or pious praise, observers of truth, whom Aditi conceived; whom, mighty of the mighty at your birth and formidable to mortal foes, she bore.”
Jamison Brereton
When at her season Aditi (was ready) to bear as embryo (the two) who like prizewinning horses were of pure breed,
who were being born forth greatly great, she pushed downward (at
delivery) the two to be terrible for the cheating mortal.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The birth of M+V from Aditi. This vs. is also beset with difficulties. The major structural one is determining the interrelationships of the three subordinate clauses, in abc, marked by yā́, yád, and yā́respectively, and their joint relationship (or not) to the main clause in d. Once again, there are numerous competing views; I will not rehearse them all. In my view, the three subordinate clauses are not all parallel and semi-independent, but rather the two introduced by the dual rel. prn. yā́ (a, c) are parallel and jointly dependent on the middle cl. introduced by yád (b). In tr.
I have flipped the order of a and b in hopes of making the sense a bit more parsable. I further think that the two forms of yā́‘which two’ have as antecedent in b the sg.
gárbham: “the embryo which was those two” or “the two as embryo.” M+V formed one of the pairs that Aditi gave birth to serially and in that sense were a single gárbham.
Let us then concentrate first on pāda a. Here, as in 1ab, there is an infin. in - dhyai predicated of a god’s name, áditiḥ: “When Aditi (was) to bear.” The puzzle in the vs. is ṛtā́, and numerous analyses have been proposed: nom. sg. fem. to normally neut. ṛtá- ‘truth (etc.)’; short instr. sg. to the same stem; dual to the same stem; a 3rd sg. denom. verb to the same stem (emending to *ṛtāyád from ṛtā́yád), or, the solution I favor, as a short loc. sg. to ṛtú- ‘season’ (so Geldner, though see his n. 4b), even though -u-stems supposedly have only -au/-avi locc. (but see Lanman p. 411: “if there is any certain instance of a L in -â, it must be regarded as due to false analogy.” I see no problem with analogy, false or otherwise).
The two yā́clauses are nominal. The first (a) presents no problems. In the 2nd (c) most tr. supply a verb with prá, e.g., Geldner “die sich gross hervortun” (sim. Renou).
However, I take jā́yamānā as a predicated pres. part. and máhi as an intensifier of mahā́ntā.
In d the sense of the verb ní dīdhaḥ is unclear, and the lexeme ní √dhṛ is not common. Grassmann glosses this passage as ‘machen’ with double acc.; Geldner tr. ‘hatte … getragen’, Renou ‘avait placé en secret’. In the three other passages containing ní (ā́) √dhṛ that I know of (IV.2.12, VI.17.6, ní-ā́VIII.17.13), the idiom means something like ‘fix’ or ‘secure’, but here I think it applies to the process of birth: ‘bear down’.
Although I know of no other such exx., this kind of technical birth context doesn’t come up very often in the RV. The birth process interpr. fits well with the predicated pres. part. of c: “who were being born” as well as with the indication in b that Aditi had reached her precise time for giving birth.
Griffith
Whom, of pure origin, like two strong horses, Aditi bore as babes in proper season,
Whom, Mighty at your birth, the Mighty Goddess brought forth as terrors to the mortal foeman.
Geldner
Die wie zwei siegreiche Renner von reiner Rasse, als Aditi an der Zeit war, die Leibesfrucht zu tragen, die sich groß hervortun als die Großen geboren. Sie hatte die beiden als Leibesfrucht getragen, die für den heimtückischen Sterblichen furchtbar sind.
Grassmann
Die Aditi als Frucht zu tragen stark war, die rein entstammten wie zwei edle Rosse, Die kaum geboren gross gewachsen waren, die machte furchtbar sie dem bösen Menschen.
Elizarenkova
(Вы – те,) кто подобен двум коням – завоевателям наград, чистых кровей,
Так как Адити (собиралась) носить плод по закону.
(Тех,) что величественно рождались как великие,
(Их,) грозных, она определила (следить) за лживым смертным.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर सब मनुष्यों को कौन सत्कार करने योग्य हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (या) जो (अश्वा) घोड़े वा महाशय जनों के (न) समान (वाजिना) बहुत वेग वा विज्ञानयुक्त (पूतबन्धू) पवित्र बन्धुवाले (ऋता) सत्य आचार के रखनेवाले (अदितिः) माता के तुल्य (महि) महान् जन (यत्) जिस (गर्भम्) गर्भ को (भरध्यै) धारण करने को प्रवर्त्तमान वा (या) जो (महान्ता) महात्मा (जायमाना) उत्पन्न हुए (रिपवे, मर्त्ताय) शत्रुजन के लिये (घोरा) भयङ्कर (प्र, णि, दीधः) और कारागार में निरन्तर शत्रु जनों को डाल देते हैं, उनको अपने आत्मा के तुल्य सत्कार करो ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। हे मनुष्यो ! जो कुलीन, जिनका महान् पक्ष, विद्वान् माता पिता से उत्पन्न हुए, उत्तम शिक्षायुक्त, महाशय, माता के तुल्य मनुष्यों पर कृपा करते, वा पढ़ाने और उपदेश करने से सब पर उपकार करते, तथा दुष्टों को रोकते हुए विद्वान् होते हैं, उन्हीं की सेवा, सङ्ग, उन्हीं से उपदेश और विद्या पढ़ना निरन्तर करो ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! या अश्वा न वाजिना पूतबन्धू ऋतादितिरिव महि यद्गर्भं भरध्यै प्रवर्त्तमानौ या महान्ता जायमाना रिपवे मर्त्ताय घोरा प्र णि दीधस्तौ स्वात्मवत् सत्कुरुत ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः सर्वैर्मनुष्यैः कौ पूजनीयावित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अश्वा) तुरङ्गौ महान्तौ जनौ वा (न) इव (या) यौ (वाजिना) बहुवेगविज्ञानयुक्तौ (पूतबन्धू) पूताः पवित्रा बन्धवो ययोस्तौ (ऋता) सत्याचारौ (यत्) यम् (गर्भम्) (अदितिः) माता (भरध्यै) भर्तुम् (प्र) (या) यौ (महि) (महान्ता) महान्तौ पूजनीयौ (जायमाना) उत्पद्यमानौ (घोरा) भयङ्करौ (मर्त्ताय) मनुष्याय (रिपवे) शत्रवे (नि) (दीधः) नितरां कारागारे निदधाते ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। हे मनुष्या ! ये कुलीना महापक्षा विद्वद्भ्यां मातापितृभ्यामुत्पन्नाः सुशिक्षिता महाशया मातृवज्जनाननुकम्पमाना अध्यापनोपदेशाभ्यां सर्वानुपकुर्वाणा दुष्टानां निरुन्धाना विद्वांसः स्युस्तेषामेव सेवा सङ्गस्तेभ्य एवोपदेशाऽध्ययनौ च सततं कुरुत ॥४॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. हे माणसांनो ! जे कुलीन, महान पक्षाचे, विद्वान माता-पिता यांच्याकडून उत्पन्न झालेले, उत्तम शिक्षण घेतलेले महाशय मातेप्रमाणे माणसांवर कृपा करतात किंवा अध्यापन व उपदेश करण्याने सर्वांवर उपकार करतात व दुष्टांना रोखत विद्वान होतात त्यांचीच सेवा, संग व निरंतर उपदेश व विद्याग्रहण चालू ठेवा. ॥ ४ ॥
05 विश्वे यद्वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
विश्वे॒ यद्वां॑ मं॒हना॒ मन्द॑मानाः क्ष॒त्रं दे॒वासो॒ अद॑धुः स॒जोषाः॑ ।
परि॒ यद्भू॒थो रोद॑सी चिदु॒र्वी सन्ति॒ स्पशो॒ अद॑ब्धासो॒ अमू॑राः ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
विश्वे॒ यद्वां॑ मं॒हना॒ मन्द॑मानाः क्ष॒त्रं दे॒वासो॒ अद॑धुः स॒जोषाः॑ ।
परि॒ यद्भू॒थो रोद॑सी चिदु॒र्वी सन्ति॒ स्पशो॒ अद॑ब्धासो॒ अमू॑राः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
वि꣡श्वे य꣡द् वाम् मंह꣡ना म꣡न्दमानाः
क्षत्रं꣡ देवा꣡सो अ꣡दधुः सजो꣡षाः
प꣡रि य꣡द् भूथो꣡ रो꣡दसी चिद् उर्वी꣡
स꣡न्ति स्प꣡शो अ꣡दब्धासो अ꣡मूराः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
maṁhánā ← maṁhánā- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
mándamānāḥ ← √mand- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
víśve ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ádadhuḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
devā́saḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
kṣatrám ← kṣatrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
sajóṣāḥ ← sajóṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
bhūtháḥ ← √bhū- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
cit ← cit (invariable)
{}
pári ← pári (invariable)
{}
ródasī ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}
urvī́ ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ádabdhāsaḥ ← ádabdha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ámūrāḥ ← ámūra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
sánti ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
spáśaḥ ← spáś- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
विश्वे॑ । यत् । वा॒म् । मं॒हना॑ । मन्द॑मानाः । क्ष॒त्रम् । दे॒वासः॑ । अद॑धुः । स॒ऽजोषाः॑ ।
परि॑ । यत् । भू॒थः । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । चि॒त् । उ॒र्वी इति॑ । सन्ति॑ । स्पशः॑ । अद॑ब्धासः । अमू॑राः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- viśve ← viśva
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- vām ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, dual
- “you.”
- maṃhanā
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- mandamānāḥ ← mad
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”
- kṣatraṃ ← kṣatram ← kṣatra
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “Kshatriya; dominion; Kshatriya; kṣatra [word]; power.”
- devāso ← devāsaḥ ← deva
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- adadhuḥ ← dhā
- [verb], plural, Imperfect
- “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
- sajoṣāḥ ← sajoṣas
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “consentaneous; combined; associated; united.”
- pari
- [adverb]
- “from; about; around.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- bhūtho ← bhūthaḥ ← bhū
- [verb], dual, Aorist conj./subj.
- “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
- rodasī ← rodas
- [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
- “heaven and earth; Earth.”
- cid ← cit
- [adverb]
- “even; indeed.”
- urvī ← uru
- [noun], accusative, dual, neuter
- santi ← as
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
- spaśo ← spaśaḥ ← spaś
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “lookout; spy; spaś.”
- adabdhāso ← adabdhāsaḥ ← adabdha
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “unfailing; unimpaired.”
- amūrāḥ ← amūra
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “wise; intelligent; apt.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
विश्वे सर्वे देवासः देवाः सजोषाः परस्परं प्रीतियुक्ताः यत् यौ वां युवां मंहना महत्त्वेन मन्दमानाः स्तुवन्तः क्षत्रं बलम् अदधुः धत्तवन्तः। किंच यत् यौ युवाम् उर्वी विस्तीर्णे रोदसी द्यावापृथिव्यौ परि भूथः परिभवथः तयोर्युवयोः अदब्धास; अहिंसिताः अमूराः अमूढाः स्पशः रश्मयश्चरा वा सन्ति ॥ ॥ ९ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Inasmuch as all the gods equally plural ased and rejoicing in your greatness conferred strength upon you, and since you are pre-eminen over the wide heaven and earth, your courses are unobstructed, unimpeded.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Your courses: spaśo adabdhāso amūrā: spaśaḥ = raśmayas cāra vā, rays, or perhaps, reins, or goings, which are ahisita, uninjured, amūḍha, not bewildered
Jamison Brereton
Since all the gods in concert, being exhilarated, magnanimously established dominion for you two,
such that you two surround even the two wide world-halves, there exist spies (in your service), undeceivable, ungullible.
Jamison Brereton Notes
This vs. is refreshingly straightforward, even though the main cl. of d seems something of an irrelevancy after the grand statements in abc.
Griffith
As all the Gods in their great joy and gladness gave you with one accord your high dominion,
As ye surround both worlds, though wide and spacious your spies are ever true and never bewildered.
Geldner
Da alle Götter euch einmütig und bereitwillig frohlockend die Herrschaft bestimmten, daß ihr sogar die beiden weiten Welthälften in Obhut nehmen sollet, so stehen euch untrügliche, kluge Späher zu Diensten.
Grassmann
Da alle Götter im Verein euch willig und hocherfreut die Herrschaft zugestanden, Da ihr umfangt die beiden weiten Welten, so sind euch Späher, weise und untrüglich.
Elizarenkova
Когда все боги, безудержно ликуя,
Наделили вас властью, (они,) единодушные,
Когда вы объяли даже две огромные половины вселенной,
Появляются (у вас) соглядатаи, безобманные, мудрые.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को कौन सत्कार करने योग्य हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! (यत्) जो तुम दोनों (उर्वी) बहुत पदार्थों से युक्त (रोदसी) प्रकाश और पृथिवी के समान विद्या और क्षमा से युक्त (भूथः) होते हो उन (वाम्) तुम्हारे सङ्ग से (यत्) जो (मंहना) सत्कार करनेवाले (मन्दमानाः) आनन्द वा सत्कार को प्राप्त वा स्तुति करते (सजोषाः) एकसी प्रीति को सेवनेवाले (स्पशः) अविद्यान्धकार का विनाश करने और विद्याप्रकाश का स्पर्श करनेवाले (अदब्धासः) हिंसा को न प्राप्त और हिंसा न करनेवाले (अमूराः) मूढ़तादि दोषरहित (विश्वे, देवासः) समस्त कामना करते हुए विद्वान् जन (सन्ति) हैं, वे ही (चित्) निश्चित (क्षत्रम्) धन वा राज्य को (परि, अदधुः) सब ओर से धारण करते हैं, उनका वा उन तुम लोगों का सब हम लोग निरन्तर सत्कार करें ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - वे ही आप्त विद्वान् जन हैं, जिनका पढ़ाना, उपदेश और सङ्ग शीघ्र सफल होता है, जिनके सङ्ग से हिंसा आदि दोषरहित विद्वान् होकर पक्षपात को छोड़ सब प्राणियों को अपने आत्मा के तुल्य सुख देते हैं ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! यद्यौ युवामुर्वी रोदसी इव भूथस्तयोर्वा सङ्गेन यद्ये मंहना मन्दमानाः सजोषाः स्पशोऽदब्धासोऽमूरा विश्वे देवासः सन्ति त एव चित् क्षत्रं पर्यदधुस्तौ तान् युष्मान् सर्वे वयं सततं सत्कुर्याम ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः के सत्कर्त्तव्या इत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (विश्वे) सर्वे (यत्) ये (वाम्) युवयोः (मंहना) सत्कर्त्तारः (मन्दमानाः) आनन्दन्तः प्राप्तसत्काराः स्तुवन्तो वा (क्षत्रम्) धनं राज्यं वा (देवासः) कामयमाना विद्वांसः (अदधुः) दधति (सजोषाः) समानप्रीतिसेविनः (परि) सर्वतः अपि [(यत्) (भूथः) (रोदसी) (चित्) ] (उर्वीः) बहुपदार्थयुक्ते (सन्ति) (स्पशः) अविद्यान्धकारं बाधमाना विद्याप्रकाशं स्पर्शन्तः (अदब्धासः) अहिंसिता अहिंसका वा (अमूराः) मूढतादिदोषरहिताः ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - त एवाप्ता विद्वांसः सन्ति येषामध्यापनोपदेशसङ्गाः सद्यः सफला जायन्ते तेषां सङ्गेन हिंसादिदोषरहिता विद्वांसो भूत्वा पक्षपातं विहाय सर्वान् प्राणिनः स्वात्मवत्सुखयन्ति ॥५॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - ज्यांचे अध्यापन, उपदेश व संगती शीघ्र सफल होते, ज्यांच्या संगतीने हिंसक न बनता विद्वान बनता येते, भेदभाव न करता सर्व प्राण्यांना जे आपल्या आत्म्याप्रमाणे सुख देतात तेच आप्त विद्वान असतात. ॥ ५ ॥
06 ता हि - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
ता हि क्ष॒त्रं धा॒रये॑थे॒ अनु॒ द्यून्दृं॒हेथे॒ सानु॑मुप॒मादि॑व॒ द्योः ।
दृ॒ळ्हो नक्ष॑त्र उ॒त वि॒श्वदे॑वो॒ भूमि॒माता॒न्द्यां धा॒सिना॒योः ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
ता हि क्ष॒त्रं धा॒रये॑थे॒ अनु॒ द्यून्दृं॒हेथे॒ सानु॑मुप॒मादि॑व॒ द्योः ।
दृ॒ळ्हो नक्ष॑त्र उ॒त वि॒श्वदे॑वो॒ भूमि॒माता॒न्द्यां धा॒सिना॒योः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
ता꣡ हि꣡ क्षत्रं꣡ धार꣡येथे अ꣡नु द्यू꣡न्
दृंहे꣡थे सा꣡नुम् उपमा꣡द् इव द्योः꣡
दॄळ्हो꣡+ न꣡क्षत्र उत꣡ विश्व꣡देवो
भू꣡मिम् आ꣡ अतान् दियां꣡ धासि꣡नायोः꣡
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ánu ← ánu (invariable)
{}
dhāráyethe ← √dhr̥- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
dyū́n ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
hí ← hí (invariable)
{}
kṣatrám ← kṣatrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
dr̥ṁhéthe ← √dr̥h- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
dyóḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}
iva ← iva (invariable)
{}
sā́num ← sā́nu- ~ snú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
upamā́t ← upamá- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}
dr̥ḷháḥ ← √dr̥h- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
nákṣatraḥ ← nákṣatra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
utá ← utá (invariable)
{}
viśvádevaḥ ← viśvádeva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}
atān ← √tan- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
āyóḥ ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
bhū́mim ← bhū́mi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
dhāsínā ← dhāsí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
dyā́m ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
ता । हि । क्ष॒त्रम् । धा॒रये॑थे॒ इति॑ । अनु॑ । द्यून् । दृं॒हेथे॒ इति॑ । सानु॑म् । उ॒प॒मात्ऽइ॑व । द्योः ।
दृ॒ळ्हः । नक्ष॑त्रः । उ॒त । वि॒श्वऽदे॑वः । भूमि॑म् । आ । अ॒ता॒न् । द्याम् । धा॒सिना॑ । आ॒योः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tā ← tad
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- kṣatraṃ ← kṣatram ← kṣatra
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “Kshatriya; dominion; Kshatriya; kṣatra [word]; power.”
- dhārayethe ← dhāray ← √dhṛ
- [verb], dual, Present indikative
- “keep; sustain; put; hold; wear; hold; carry; keep alive; suppress; preserve; remember; stow; stop; have; fill into; endure; support; understand; fixate; govern; restrain.”
- anu
- [adverb]
- “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
- dyūn ← div
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- dṛṃhethe ← dṛh
- [verb], dual, Present indikative
- “fixate; strengthen.”
- sānum ← sānu
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”
- upamād ← upamāt ← upama
- [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
- “best; topmost.”
- iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- dyoḥ ← div
- [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- dṛᄆho ← dṛᄆhaḥ ← dṛḍha
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”
- nakṣatra ← nakṣatraḥ ← nakṣatra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Nakṣatra; celestial body; nakṣatra [word]; pearl.”
- uta
- [adverb]
- “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”
- viśvadevo ← viśva
- [noun]
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- viśvadevo ← devaḥ ← deva
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- bhūmim ← bhūmi
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “floor; earth; Earth; real property; region; pṛthivī; location; Earth; place; bhūja; floor; pit; bhūmi [word]; one; hole; shop; distance; country; space; land; territory; topographic point.”
- ātān ← ātan ← √tan
- [verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
- “expand; prolong; chant; inflate.”
- dyāṃ ← dyām ← div
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- dhāsināyoḥ ← dhāsinā ← dhāsi
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “food.”
- dhāsināyoḥ ← ayoḥ ← idam
- [noun], genitive, dual, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
ता तौ मित्रावरुणौ युवाम् अनु द्यून् दिवसे दिवसे क्षत्रं बलं धारयेथे हि । द्योः अन्तरिक्षस्य सानुं समुच्छ्रितप्रदेशं मेघं सूर्यं वा दृंहेथे दृढीकुरुतम् । उपमादिव । उपमीयते प्रक्षिप्यते इति उपमात् स्थूणा । सा यथा वत्सं धारयति तद्वदित्यर्थः । दृळ्हः युवाभ्यां दृढीकृतश्च मेघः नक्षत्रः अन्तरिक्षं व्याप्नुवानः उत अपि च विश्वदेवः सूर्यः भूमिं द्यां दिवं च आयोः मनुष्यस्य । द्रुह्यवः आयवः’ इति मनुष्यनामसु पाठात् । धासिना अन्नेन हविषा । ‘क्षुत् धासिः’ इत्यन्ननामसु पाठात्। आप्यायितः सन् आतान् आतनोति युवाभ्यां दृढीकृत एव ।
Wilson
English translation:
“You manifest vigour daily, you strengthen the summit of the sky as if with a pillar; the solid firmamen and the universal deity (the sun) replenish earth and heaven with the food of man.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
As if with a pillar: upamād iva: upamāt = sthūṇa, a post or pillar– the post to which a calf is tied
Jamison Brereton
Because you uphold your dominion through the days and you make firm (heaven’s) back as if from highest heaven,
firm (also) is the heavenly body [=sun], and belonging to all the gods it has stretched to earth and to heaven with the gushing [=rain] of
those two [=Mitra and Varuṇa].
Jamison Brereton Notes
The vs. is knit together with phonological and etymological figures. Each pāda contains a form of div/dyu: a dyū́n, b dyoḥ, c -devo, d dyā́m. Note also the phonological similarity of the two du. verbs dhāráyethe (a), dṛṃhéthe (b), with the latter reprised etymologically by dṛḷhó in c. Pādas b and d also rhyme.
Unlike the standard tr. I take b as part of the hí cl. beginning in a, with cd as the main cl. Since the verb of b, dṛṃhéthe, is initial, it can owe its accent either to its position (as most interpr. it) or to belonging to a subord. cl., as I do. Nonetheless, there is little riding on this choice, though I would support mine by pointing out that the fact that M+V made the back of heaven firm (b) could serve as a reason why the sun is also firmly fixed (c).
Contra Klein (explicitly, DGRV I.379-80) and Geldner/Renou (implicitly), I do not think that utá, positioned in the middle of c, conjoins b and c, but instead begins a new cl., which continues through d.
With Geldner (and, judging from his tr., Renou), I divide dhāsínāyóḥ into dhāsínā ayóḥ, with the gen.-loc. du. of ayám, not āyóḥ, gen.-abl. sg. of āyú- with the Pp.
Griffith
So, through the days maintaining princely power. ye prop the height as ’twere from loftiest heaven.
The Star of all the Gods, established, filleth the heaven and earth with food of man who liveth.
Geldner
Denn ihr behauptet eure Herrschaft Tag für Tag; ihr festigt die Höhe des Himmels gleichsam vom höchsten Himmel aus. Und das gefestete Gestirn, das allen Göttern gehört, hat Erde und Himmel mit dem Labsal beider bezogen.
Grassmann
Denn ihr behauptet fort und fort die Herrschaft, des Himmels Kuppe stützt ihr wie zwei Pfeiler; Der feste Sterngott und der Allgott spannte zum Sitz der Wesen Erde aus und Himmel.
Elizarenkova
Ведь вы удерживаете .власть день за днем.
Вы укрепляете поверхность (неба), как будто (спускаясь) с высшего неба.
И укрепленное небесное тело, принадлежащее всем богам,
Затянуло землю и небо их потоком.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर कौन सङ्ग करने योग्य और सुख के बढ़ानेवाले हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! जो (हि) जिस कारण से हैं (ता) वे तुम दोनों (अनु, द्यून्) प्रतिदिन (क्षत्रम्) राज्य वा धन को (धारयेथे) धारण करते हो तथा (द्योः) सूर्य की (उपमादिव) उपमा से जैसे वैसे (सानुम्) शिखर को (दृंहेथे) बढ़ाते हो जिनके सङ्ग से (विश्वदेवः) सब का प्रकाश करनेवाला (दृळ्हः) दृढ़ (उत) और (नक्षत्रः) जो नहीं नष्ट होता ऐसा होता हुआ (भूमिम्) भूमि और (द्याम्) मनोहर विद्या को प्राप्त होकर (धासिना) अन्न से (आयोः) जीवन को बढ़ाता है, उन पूर्वोक्त दोनों तथा उसको जो (आ, अतान्) सब ओर से प्रकाशित करें, वे निरन्तर सुखी होते हैं ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो अध्यापक और उपदेशक प्रतिदिन सूर्य के समान विद्याव्यवहार को सम्यक् प्रकाशित कर राज्य, धन और आयु को बढ़ाते, सब को सुख की धारणा कराते, जिनको प्राप्त होकर सब जन विद्वान् होते हैं, उनका सङ्ग निरन्तर करो ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! यौ हि ता अनु द्यून् क्षत्रं धारयेथे द्योरुपमादिव सानुं दृंहेथे ययोः सङ्गेन विश्वदेवो दृळ्ह उत नक्षत्रः सन् भूमिं द्यां प्राप्य धासिनाऽऽयोर्वर्धकोऽस्ति तौ तञ्च य आऽतांस्ते सततं सुखिनो जायन्ते ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः केऽत्र सङ्गन्तव्याः सुखवर्धकाश्च सन्तीत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (हि) यतः (क्षत्रम्) राज्यं धनं वा (धारयेथे) (अनु) (द्यून्) दिवसान् (दृंहेथे) वर्धयथः (सानुम्) शिखरम् (उपमादिव) (द्योः) सूर्यस्य (दृळ्हः) (नक्षत्रः) यो न क्षीयते (उत) उत (विश्वदेवः) विश्वेषां सर्वेषां देवः प्रकाशकः (भूमिम्) (आ) (अतान्) समन्तादतेयुः प्रकाशयेयुः (द्याम्) कमनीयां विद्याम् (धासिना) अन्नेन (आयोः) जीवनस्य ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! येऽध्यापकोपदेशकाः प्रतिदिनं सूर्यवद्विद्याव्यवहारं सम्प्रकाश्य राज्यं धनमायुश्च वर्धयन्ति सर्वान् सुखे धारयन्ति यान् प्राप्य सर्वे जना विद्वांसो जायन्ते तत्सङ्गं सततं कुरुत ॥६॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जे अध्यापक व उपदेशक प्रत्येक दिवशी सूर्याप्रमाणे विद्या व्यवहार सम्यक प्रकट करतात. राज्य धन, आयुष्य वाढवितात व सर्वांना सुख देतात. त्यांच्या संगतीने सर्व विद्वान बनतात, त्यांची सतत संगती धरा. ॥ ६ ॥
07 ता विग्रम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
ता वि॒ग्रं धै॑थे ज॒ठरं॑ पृ॒णध्या॒ आ यत्सद्म॒ सभृ॑तयः पृ॒णन्ति॑ ।
न मृ॑ष्यन्ते युव॒तयोऽवा॑ता॒ वि यत्पयो॑ विश्वजिन्वा॒ भर॑न्ते ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
ता वि॒ग्रं धै॑थे ज॒ठरं॑ पृ॒णध्या॒ आ यत्सद्म॒ सभृ॑तयः पृ॒णन्ति॑ ।
न मृ॑ष्यन्ते युव॒तयोऽवा॑ता॒ वि यत्पयो॑ विश्वजिन्वा॒ भर॑न्ते ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
ता꣡ विग्रं꣡ धैथे जठ꣡रम् पृण꣡ध्या
आ꣡ य꣡त् स꣡द्म स꣡भृतयः पृण꣡न्ति
न꣡ मृष्यन्ते युवत꣡यो अ꣡वाता
वि꣡ य꣡त् प꣡यो विश्वजिन्वा भ꣡रन्ते
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
dhaithe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:MED}
jaṭháram ← jaṭhára- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
pr̥ṇádhyai ← √pr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG, tense:PRS}
tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}
vigrám ← vigrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}
pr̥ṇánti ← √pr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
sábhr̥tayaḥ ← sábhr̥ti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
sádma ← sádman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ávātāḥ ← ávāta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
mr̥ṣyante ← √mr̥ṣ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
ná ← ná (invariable)
{}
yuvatáyaḥ ← yuvatí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
bhárante ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
páyaḥ ← páyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ví ← ví (invariable)
{}
viśvajinvā ← viśvajinva- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
ता । वि॒ग्रम् । धै॒थे॒ इति॑ । ज॒ठर॑म् । पृ॒णध्यै॑ । आ । यत् । सद्म॑ । सऽभृ॑तयः । पृ॒णन्ति॑ ।
न । मृ॒ष्य॒न्ते॒ । यु॒व॒तयः॑ । अवा॑ताः । वि । यत् । पयः॑ । वि॒श्व॒ऽजि॒न्वा॒ । भर॑न्ते ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tā ← tad
- [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vigraṃ ← vigram ← vigra
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “strong.”
- dhaithe ← dhā
- [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
- “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
- jaṭharam ← jaṭhara
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “abdomen; udara; Jaṭhara; edema; garbha; inside; stomach; belly.”
- pṛṇadhyā ← pṛṇadhyai ← pṛṇ
- [verb noun]
- “satisfy.”
- ā
- [adverb]
- “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
- yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- sadma ← sadman
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “seat; house; stable; dwelling.”
- sabhṛtayaḥ ← sa
- [adverb]
- “with; little; together.”
- sabhṛtayaḥ ← bhṛtayaḥ ← bhṛti
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “rental; support; wage.”
- pṛṇanti ← pṛṇ
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “satisfy.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- mṛṣyante ← mṛṣ
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “forgive; endure; heed; pardon; neglect; forget.”
- yuvatayo ← yuvatayaḥ ← yuvati
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “girl; woman.”
- ‘vātā ← avātāḥ ← avāta
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- vi
- [adverb]
- “apart; away; away.”
- yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- payo ← payaḥ ← payas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “milk; milky juice; water; fluid; juice; payas [word]; drink.”
- viśvajinvā ← viśva
- [noun]
- “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
- viśvajinvā ← jinvāḥ ← jinva
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- bharante ← bhṛ
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
ता तौ मित्रावरुणौ युवां विग्रं प्राज्ञं यजमानम् । ‘विप्रः विग्रः’ इति मेधाविनामसु पाठात् । धैथे धारयथः जठरम् उदरं पृणध्यै सोमेन पूरयितुम् । यत् यदा सभृतयः सह भ्रियमाणा ऋत्विजः सद्म यज्ञसदनम् आ पृणन्ति आपूरयन्ति । विश्वजिन्वा हे विश्वजिन्वानौ यत् यदा पयः जलं भवद्भ्यां प्रहितं तदा युवतयः नद्यः दिशो वा न मृष्यन्ते रजसा नाभिभूयन्ते । अवाताः अशुष्काश्च वि भरन्ते विभूतिं धारयन्ति ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“You two support the sage (worshipper), filling his belly when he and his dependants fill the sacrificial chamber; when sustainers of all, the rain (is sent down by you), and the young (rivers) are not obstructed, but, undried, diffuse (fertility) around.”
Jamison Brereton
You should appropriate the lively (soma) to fill your belly, when those of the same pedigree [=soma-pressing fingers?] fill the seat.
The unsurpassable maidens [=fingers] are not neglectful when they
distribute their milk [=soma], o you two who enliven all.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Geldner follows Sāyaṇa. in interpr. this vs. as referring to rain and river waters.
Although this would accord better with the enigmatic gush (dhāsí-) of 6d, it doesn’t fit the vocabulary or apparent sense of this enigmatic vs. The best clue we have is pāda a, where “to fill the belly” (jaṭháram pṛṇádhyai) belongs to a phrase for drinking soma to satiation (cf. nearby VI.69.7 and V.34.2, X.104.2, as well as other locutions involving soma and the belly). (Both Oldenberg and Renou also take the pāda as referring to soma.) Once the poet has established the soma context with this reasonably clear phraseology, he can (and does) treat the subject in a more obscure fashion.
In b and c I take the feminine plurals sábhṛtayaḥ ‘of the same rearing / pedigree’ and yuvatáyò ’vātāḥ ‘unsurpassable maidens’ as referring to the fingers (of the priests) that press the soma. Such locutions, referring to the shared kinship of the fingers (because they belong to the same hand), are frequent in the IXth Maṇḍala and the forms are always feminine. I am tolerably certain of the second identification, since the action ascribed to them in pāda d, distributing their “milk,” would be a reasonable way (given the tropes of soma preparation) to characterize the work of the pressing fingers. I am less certain about the identification in b, because “fill the seat” (sádma … pṛṇánti) is not as easy to connect with soma preparation. “Seat” could refer, inter alia, to the ritual ground or the cosmos – both are attested – but neither is generally flooded with soma. sábhṛti- is a hapax, so it does not help identify the referent. So the sense of pāda b remains in doubt for me.
Note another ex. of a -dhyai infinitive, though this time not as the predicated substitute for a main verb.
Griffith
Take the strong drink, to quaff till ye are sated, when he and his attendants fill the chamber.
The young Maids brook not that none seeks to win them, when, Quickeners of all! they scatter moisture.
Geldner
Ihr sollet Eile machen den Leib zu füllen, wenn sie bei gleicher Pflege ihren Stand ausfüllen. Nicht vergessen es die unübertroffenen Jungfrauen, ihr Allbeleber, wenn sie ihre Milch verteilen.
Grassmann
So nehmt den starken Trank, den Bauch zu füllen, wenn euren Sitz die Speisebringer füllen; Es säumen nicht die unverletzten Jungfrau’n, wenn Milch sie euch, o Allbeleber, bringen.
Elizarenkova
Вы должны взять стремительного (сому), чтобы наполнить себе живот,
Когда (коровы,) за которыми одинаково ухаживают, занимают (свое) место.
Непревзойденные юные жены не забывают (своего дела),
Когда распределяют молоко, о (вы,) всеоживляющие.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर कौन किसके समान मेधावी विद्यार्थियों को धारण करते हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! जैसे (अवाताः) पतियों को न प्राप्त हुई (सभृतयः) समान पतियोंवाली (युवतयः) युवति स्त्रियाँ समान पतियों को (भरन्ते) धारण करतीं अर्थात् प्राप्त होतीं वे (न) नहीं (आ, पृणन्ति) पूरे सुख को प्राप्त होतीं क्योंकि और सौतें नहीं (मृष्यन्ते) सहती हैं (यत्) जो (सदम्) घर को सुखयुक्त करती हैं और (यत्) जो (पयः) जल के समान (वि) विविध प्रकार से सुख देती हैं तथा जो तुम दोनों (जठरम्) उदर में ठहरे हुए अग्नि को (पृणध्यै) सुखी करने के लिये (विग्रम्) बुद्धिमान् पुरुष को (धैथे) धारण करते हो। हे (विश्वजिन्वा) संसार की पुष्टि करनेवाले ! आप उन स्त्रियों तथा (ता) उन दोनों को निरन्तर सेवो ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जैसे समान गुण, कर्म, स्वभाव रूप स्त्री-पुरुष अत्यन्त प्रीति से विवाह कर कभी विरोध नहीं करते हैं, वैसे ही विद्वान् जन और विद्यार्थीजन विद्वेष नहीं करते हैं, ऐसे प्रेम के साथ वर्त्तमान सब सदैव आनन्दित होते हैं ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! यथाऽवाताः सभृतयो युवतयः समानान् पतीन् भरन्ते ता नापृणन्त्यन्याः सपत्नीर्न मृष्यन्ते यद्याः सद्म पृणन्ति यद्याः पय इव वि पृणन्ति तथा यौ युवां जठरं पृणध्यै विग्रं धैथे। हे विश्वजिन्वा ! त्वं ता तौ च सततं सेवस्व ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः के का इव मेधाविनौ विद्यार्थिनो धरन्तीत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (विग्रम्) मेधाविनम्। विग्र इति मेधाविनाम। (निघं०१३.१५) (धैथे) धारयथः (जठरम्) उदरस्थमग्निम् (पृणध्यै) सुखयितुम् (आ) (यत्) याः (सद्म) (सभृतयः) समाना भर्त्तारो यासां ताः (पृणन्ति) (न) निषेधे (मृष्यन्ते) सहन्ते (युवतयः) प्राप्तयुवावस्थाः स्त्रियः (अवाताः) पतीनप्राप्ताः (वि) (यत्) याः (पयः) उदकम् (विश्वजिन्वा) विश्वपोषक। अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (भरन्ते) ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः। यथा समानगुणकर्मस्वभावरूपाः स्त्री-पुरुषा अत्यन्तप्रीत्या विवाहं कृत्वा कदाचिन्न विरुध्यन्ति तथैव विद्वांसो विद्यार्थिनश्च न विद्विषन्त्येवं प्रेम्णा सह वर्त्तमानास्सर्वे सदाऽऽनन्दिता जायन्ते ॥७॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जसे समान गुण, कर्म, स्वभावरूपी स्त्री-पुरुष अत्यंत प्रीतीने विवाह करून कधी विरोध करीत नाहीत तसेच विद्वान लोक व विद्यार्थी द्वेष करीत नाहीत. ते सर्व प्रेमाने आनंदात राहतात. ॥ ७ ॥
08 ता जिह्वया - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
ता जि॒ह्वया॒ सद॒मेदं सु॑मे॒धा आ यद्वां॑ स॒त्यो अ॑र॒तिरृ॒ते भूत् ।
तद्वां॑ महि॒त्वं घृ॑तान्नावस्तु यु॒वं दा॒शुषे॒ वि च॑यिष्ट॒मंहः॑ ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
ता जि॒ह्वया॒ सद॒मेदं सु॑मे॒धा आ यद्वां॑ स॒त्यो अ॑र॒तिरृ॒ते भूत् ।
तद्वां॑ महि॒त्वं घृ॑तान्नावस्तु यु॒वं दा॒शुषे॒ वि च॑यिष्ट॒मंहः॑ ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
ता꣡ जिह्व꣡या स꣡दम् ए꣡दं꣡ सुमेधा꣡
आ꣡ य꣡द् वां सत्यो꣡ अरति꣡र् ऋते꣡ भू꣡त्
त꣡द् वाम् महित्वं꣡ घृतअन्नाव् अस्तु
युवं꣡ दाशु꣡षे वि꣡ चयिष्टम् अं꣡हः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}
idám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
jihváyā ← jihvā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
sádam ← sádam (invariable)
{}
sumedhā́ḥ ← sumedhás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}
aratíḥ ← aratí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
bhū́t ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
r̥té ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
satyáḥ ← satyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
astu ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
ghr̥tānnau ← ghr̥tā́nna- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
mahitvám ← mahitvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
áṁhaḥ ← áṁhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
cayiṣṭam ← √ci- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
dāśúṣe ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
ví ← ví (invariable)
{}
yuvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:DU}
पद-पाठः
ता । जि॒ह्वया॑ । सद॑म् । आ । इ॒दम् । सु॒ऽमे॒धाः । आ । यत् । वा॒म् । स॒त्यः । अ॒र॒तिः । ऋ॒ते । भूत् ।
तत् । वा॒म् । म॒हि॒ऽत्वम् । घृ॒त॒ऽअ॒न्नौ॒ । अ॒स्तु॒ । यु॒वम् । दा॒शुषे॑ । वि । च॒यि॒ष्ट॒म् । अंहः॑ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tā ← tad
- [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- jihvayā ← jihvā
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “tongue; tongue; jihvā [word]; fire.”
- sadam
- [adverb]
- “always.”
- edaṃ ← ā
- [adverb]
- “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
- edaṃ ← idam
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- sumedhā ← sumedhāḥ ← sumedhas
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “wise.”
- ā
- [adverb]
- “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- vāṃ ← vām ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, dual
- “you.”
- satyo ← satyaḥ ← satya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “true; real; real; faithful; good.”
- aratir ← aratiḥ ← arati
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “charioteer.”
- ṛte ← ṛta
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
- bhūt ← bhū
- [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
- “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
- tad ← tat ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vām ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, dual
- “you.”
- mahitvaṃ ← mahitvam ← mahitva
- [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
- “greatness.”
- ghṛtānnāv ← ghṛta
- [noun], neuter
- “ghee; fat.”
- ghṛtānnāv ← annau ← anna
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “food; foodstuff; grain; anna [word]; eating; boiled rice; meal.”
- astu ← as
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
- yuvaṃ ← yuvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, dual
- “you.”
- dāśuṣe ← dāś
- [verb noun], dative, singular
- “sacrifice; give.”
- vi
- [adverb]
- “apart; away; away.”
- cayiṣṭam ← ci
- [verb], dual, Aorist inj. (proh.)
- “cover; accumulate; pile up; pick; cover.”
- aṃhaḥ ← aṃhas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “trouble; sin.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
ता तौ मित्रावरुणौ युवां सुमेधाः प्राज्ञः जिह्वया वाचा सदं सर्वदा इदं जलम् आ याचते । आ इत्युपसर्गदर्शनात् योग्यक्रियाध्याहारात याचत इत्यध्याह्रियते । पूर्वस्यामृचि जलस्य प्रकृतत्वात् बुद्धौ विपरिवर्तमानं जलमिदंशब्देन परामृश्यते । यत् यदा वां युवयोः अरतिः अभिगन्ता ऋते यज्ञे सत्यः मायारहितः आ भूत् आभवति हे घृतान्नौ तत् महित्वम् अपेक्षितप्रदातृत्वलक्षणं वां युवयोः अस्तु । किंच युवं युवां दाशुषे दाशुषो यजमानस्य ॥ षष्ठ्यर्थे चतुर्थी ॥ अंहः पापं वि चयिष्टं विनाशयतमित्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“The wise man always (solicits) you his prayers for this (supply of water), when approaching you sincer in sacrifice; may your magnanimity be such that you, the feeders upon ghī, may exterminate sin in the donor (of the oblation);”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
With his prayers: with his tongue, jihvayā
Jamison Brereton
(You) two (does) the one of good wisdom [=Agni] always (call) here with his tongue, when the true wheel (of the sacrifice) [=Agni] has
come to be without you.
Let this be your greatness, you who have ghee for food: you open up the narrow place for the pious one.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Pāda a lacks a verb; on its structure and on the grammatical interpr. of sumedhā́(ḥ), see esp. Oldenberg Since it is likely that sumedhā́(ḥ) is a nom. sg., referring to Agni, this slots the du. tā́into the acc., and we need a verb to link the two. Though Oldenberg’s ‘lead’ is possible, I follow Geldner(/Renou) in supplying ‘call’, since this connects this ritual vs. with those in the earlier parts of the hymn (2ab, 3ab; see published introduction. and comm. ad locc.). As is generally recognized, the referent of the nom. is Agni; III.57.5, adduced by Oldenberg, makes this quite clear: yā́te jihvā́madhumatī́sumedhā́, ágne … The word aratí- ‘spoked wheel’ in b is another word regularly applied to Agni.
This pāda also contains, by most interpr., two words associated with truth, satyá-, modifying aratí-, and ṛtá-, but these interpr. are hard-pressed to come up with a convincing interpr. of the loc. ṛté. By contrast, I interpr. it as I do the similarly structured II.29.4 mā́vo ráthaḥ … ṛté bhūt, where, with Renou, I take ṛté as the postposition ‘without’, construed with a pronominal enclitic in 2nd position: “Let (our) chariot not come to be without you.” See comm. ad loc. In the passage here I assume that the absence of M+V at the ritual ground induces Agni to call them with his tongue (=crackling). This interpr. also fits with the rivalry vss. to follow (9-11): if M+V are not here, where are they? Probably at the sacrifice of a competitor. In the comm. to II.29.4 I consider an alternative interpr. with ṛté the loc. of ṛtá- ‘truth’. If I were to do so here, the passage could mean “when the spoked wheel (of the sacrifice) [=Agni] has come into existence / has been realized for you at/in the truth [=the sacrifice or place of sacrifice?].” I still prefer the published solution.
On (vi) cayiṣṭam see Hoffmann, Aufs. II.367.
Griffith
So with your tongue come ever, when your envoy, faithful and very wise, attends our worship.
Nourished by holy oil! he this yGur glory: annihilate the sacrificer’s trouble.
Geldner
Euch ruft der Weise immerdar mit seiner Zunge hierher, wenn euer wahrer Rosselenker bei dem rechten Werk erscheint. Darin soll eure Größe bestehen, ihr Schmalzesser: Räumet die Not dem Opfernden weg!
Grassmann
Nehmt stets ihn mit der Zunge, wenn der Opfrer, der weise, gute euch beim Fest erscheinet; Das sei eur Labsal, o ihr Butteresser, o nehmt hinweg Bedrängniss dem Verehrer.
Elizarenkova
Вас двоих при(зывает) сюда языком очень мудрый,
Когда он возник перед вами на обряде как истинный посланник (?).
В этом должно быть ваше величие, о питающиеся жиром:
Рассейте вы беду для почитающего вас!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर किनके सङ्ग से जन विद्वान् हों, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (घृतान्नौ) बहुत घृत और अन्नवाले अध्यापक और उपदेशक जनो ! (वाम्) तुम दोनों के उपदेश से (सुमेधाः) उत्तम जिसकी बुद्धि वह (अरतिः) सत्य उपदेश को प्राप्त होता हुआ (सत्यः) सज्जनों में उत्तम जन (जिह्वया) वाणी से (आ, इदम्, सदम्) सब ओर से जिसमें विद्वान् जन स्थिर होते हैं, उस सत्य वचन को पाकर (ऋते) सत्य धर्म में (आ, भूत्) प्रसिद्ध होवे (यत्) जो (युवम्) आप दोनों (दाशुषे) दानशील पुरुष के लिये (अंहः) पाप को (वि, चयिष्टम्) विगत चयन करते हैं (तत्) वह (वाम्) तुम दोनों की (महित्वम्) महिमा (अस्तु) हो (ता) उन तुम दोनों का हम लोग निरन्तर सत्कार करें ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जिनकी उत्तेजना से तुम लोग विद्या को प्राप्त होओ वा उपदेश ग्रहण करो, उनका धन्यवाद आदि से निरन्तर सत्कार करो, जिनके सङ्ग से मनुष्य सत्य आचरणवाले उत्तम ज्ञाता होते हैं, वे ही महाशय हैं ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे घृतान्नावध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! वामुपदेशेन सुमेधा अरतिः सत्यो जिह्वयेदं सदं प्राप्य ऋत आ भूद्यद्यौ युवं दाशुषेंऽहो वि चयिष्टं तद्वां महित्वमस्तु ता वयं सततं सत्कुर्याम ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः केषां सङ्गेन जना विद्वांसो भवेयुरित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (जिह्वया) वाचा (सदम्) सीदन्ति विद्वांसो यस्मिंस्तत्सत्यं वचः (आ) (इदम्) (सुमेधाः) उत्तमप्रज्ञः (आ) (यत्) यौ (वाम्) युवयोरुपदेशेन (सत्यः) सत्सु साधुः (अरतिः) सत्यमुपदेशं प्राप्तः सन् (ऋते) सत्ये धर्मे (भूत्) भवेत् (तत्) (वाम्) युवयोः (महित्वम्) महिमानम् (घृतान्नौ) बहुघृतान्नौ (अस्तु) (युवम्) (दाशुषे) दात्रे (वि) विगतार्थे (चयिष्टम्) चिनुतः (अंहः) पापम् ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! येषां सकाशाद्यूयं विद्या प्राप्नुतोपदेशं वा गृह्णीत तान् धन्यवादादिना सततं सत्कुरुत येषां सङ्गेन मनुष्याः सत्याचाराः सुज्ञा जायन्ते त एव महाशयाः सन्ति ॥८॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! ज्यांच्यापासून तुम्ही विद्या प्राप्त करता किंवा उपदेश ग्रहण करता त्यांना धन्यवाद देऊन सदैव सत्कार करा. ज्यांच्या संगतीने माणसे सत्याचरणी बनून उत्तम ज्ञाते होतात तेच थोर पुरुष असतात. ॥ ८ ॥
09 प्र यद्वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
प्र यद्वां॑ मित्रावरुणा स्पू॒र्धन्प्रि॒या धाम॑ यु॒वधि॑ता मि॒नन्ति॑ ।
न ये दे॒वास॒ ओह॑सा॒ न मर्ता॒ अय॑ज्ञसाचो॒ अप्यो॒ न पु॒त्राः ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
प्र यद्वां॑ मित्रावरुणा स्पू॒र्धन्प्रि॒या धाम॑ यु॒वधि॑ता मि॒नन्ति॑ ।
न ये दे॒वास॒ ओह॑सा॒ न मर्ता॒ अय॑ज्ञसाचो॒ अप्यो॒ न पु॒त्राः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
प्र꣡ य꣡द् वाम् मित्रावरुणा स्पू᳐र्ध꣡न्
प्रिया꣡ धा꣡म युव꣡धिता मिन꣡न्ति
न꣡ ये꣡ देवा꣡स ओ꣡हसा न꣡ म꣡र्ता
अ꣡यज्ञसाचो अ꣡पियो न꣡ पुत्राः꣡
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
prá ← prá (invariable)
{}
spūrdhán ← √spūrdh- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
dhā́ma ← dhā́man- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
minánti ← √mī- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
priyā́ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
yuvádhitā ← yuvádhita- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
devā́saḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
mártāḥ ← márta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ná ← ná (invariable)
{}
ná ← ná (invariable)
{}
óhasā ← óhas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
yé ← yá- (pronoun)
{}
ápyaḥ ← ápya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
áyajñasācaḥ ← áyajñasac- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
ná ← ná (invariable)
{}
putrā́ḥ ← putrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
प्र । यत् । वा॒म् । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णा॒ । स्पू॒र्धन् । प्रि॒या । धाम॑ । यु॒वऽधि॑ता । मि॒नन्ति॑ ।
न । ये । दे॒वासः॑ । ओह॑सा । न । मर्ताः॑ । अय॑ज्ञऽसाचः । अप्यः॑ । न । पु॒त्राः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- vām ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, dual
- “you.”
- mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrāvaruṇa
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “Varuna; Mitra.”
- spūrdhan ← spṛdh
- [verb], plural, Present injunctive
- “rival.”
- priyā ← priya
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”
- dhāma ← dhāman
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”
- yuvadhitā ← yuvadhita
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- minanti ← mī
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “transgress; damage.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- ye ← yad
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- devāsa ← devāsaḥ ← deva
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- ohasā ← ohas
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- martā ← martāḥ ← marta
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “man.”
- ayajñasāco ← a
- [adverb]
- “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
- ayajñasāco ← yajñasācaḥ ← yajñasāc
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- apyo ← apyaḥ ← apya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “aquatic; aquatic.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- putrāḥ ← putra
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “son; putra [word]; male child; Putra; Bodhisattva.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे मित्रावरुणौ वां युवयोः प्रिया प्रियाणि धाम धामानि कर्माणि युवधिता युवाभ्यां विहितानि यत् ये अयजन्तो जनाः स्पूर्धन् स्पर्धमानाः प्र मिनन्ति हिंसन्ति । ये च देवासः देवाः ओहसा वहनसाधनेन स्तोत्रेण न युज्यन्ते । मर्ताः मनुष्याश्च ओहसा न युज्यन्ते । ये च अप्यः । पः: कर्म । तद्वन्तः अयज्ञसाचः न यज्ञयुक्ताः वृथाकर्माणि कुर्वन्त इत्यर्थः । ये च न पुत्राः । पृणन्तीति पुत्राः । न पुत्रा अपृणन्त इत्यर्थः । तान् सर्वान् वि चयिष्टमित्यनुषज्यते ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“(Exterminate also), Mitra and Varuṇa those who emulously contending, disturb the rites that are agreeable and beneficial to you both; those divinities, those mortals, who are not diligent in adoration, those who performing works perform not sacrifices, those who do not propitiate you.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Exterminate also: na ye devāsa ohasā na martā ayajñasāco apyo na putrāḥ: ohasā = vahanasādhanena, by the means of conveying– perhaps wishes, i.e. stotreṇa, by praise;
Apyaḥ = karmavantaḥ, doing acts, from apas, but not sacrificin o sacrificing in vain, vṛthā karmāṇi kurvantaḥ; na putrāH = not sons, apṛṇantaḥ, not plural asing, or satisfying
Jamison Brereton
When they start contending over you two but violate the dear
ordinances ordained by you, Mitra and Varuṇa,
they, not attending upon the sacrifice, are neither gods, despite their
vaunting, nor mortals, but like children who do not swell [=grow/thrive].
Jamison Brereton Notes
The first half of this vs. is fairly straightforward; the problems arise in the 2nd hemistich, primarily because of ápi yaḥ in d. The first hemistich describes the behavior of the contentious and impious rivals, while the 2nd defines such people as outside the normal categories of beings. Pāda c asserts clearly that those who don’t attend upon the sacrifice are neither gods nor men, and in d they are compared instead to ápi yaḥ … putrā́ḥ, which is universally tr. as “like the sons of the watery female” (e.g., Geldner “wie die Söhne der Wasserfrau”). Not only does this make no obvious (or unobvious) sense, but the morphology is essentially impossible: it is very difficult to get ápi yaḥ to be either the gen. sg. of a fem. -ī-stem or the nom. pl. m. of an adj. See the rather despairing assessments of Geldner (n. 9d), Debrunner (AiG II.2.401), and esp. Scarlatta (592 n. 841). Desperate situations require desperate measures, and I therefore part company with the consensus interpr. of ápi yaḥ and suggest an entirely different derivation – as a negated root noun cmpd to the seṭ form of the ‘swell’ root √pī. We should expect a root-accented *a-pī́-, with nom. pl.
*apíyaḥ, but I would suggest that this unclear hapax would have been attracted to the reasonably well-attested ‘watery’ stem ápi ya- and the accent retracted. As for meaning, I suggest that ‘not swelling/swollen’ means ‘not growing / thriving’, and in reference to children to stunted or underdeveloped ones, afflicted by what is now called “failure to thrive” in pediatric medicine. Note that the aniṭ form of the ‘swell’ root makes a negated root-noun cmpd apít- in VII.82.3 ápinvatam apítaḥ “you two made the unswollen (waters) swell.” The published translation does not represent the rel. prn. yé in c but treats all of cd as the main cl. corresponding to the subord. clauses of ab. I do not know an easy way to do this, but might suggest an alternative tr. of cd as “those not attending on the sacrifice who are neither gods … nor mortals are like children …”
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Jamison Brereton Notes
As noted in the published introduction, these vss. seem to concern themselves with rival sacrificers.
Griffith
When, Mitra-Varuna, they strive against you and break the friendly laws ye have established,
They, neither Gods nor men in estimation, like Api’s sons have godless sacrifices.
Geldner
Wenn sie sich um euch, Mitra und Varuna, wettstreiten und die von euch beiden aufgestellten lieben Regeln übertreten, die an Lob weder Götter noch Sterbliche sind, die die Regeln des Opfers nicht befolgen, wie die Söhne der Wasserfrau -
Grassmann
Wenn wider euch, Varuna-Mitra, streiten und eure lieben Satzungen verletzen Die Opferlosen, die fürwahr nicht Götter, noch Menschen sind, noch auch der Wasser Söhne.
Elizarenkova
Когда, о Митра-Варуна, ради вас состязаются,
Нарушают милые установления, установленные вами,
(Те,) кто не боги по уважению (и) не смертные,
Не придерживаются жертвоприношений, словно сыновья водяной нимфы,
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- स्वराट्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
कौन विद्वानों के प्रिय वा अप्रिय होते हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मित्रावरुणा) प्राण और उदान के समान अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! (यत्) जो (स्पूर्द्धन्) स्पर्द्धा करते हुए जन (वाम्) तुम दोनों के (प्रिया) प्रिय (धाम) धाम जिनमें स्थापन करते हैं उन (युवधिता) तुम दोनों का हित करनेवालों को (न) न (प्र, मिनन्ति) नष्ट करते हैं वा (ये) जो (देवासः) विद्वान् जन (ओहसा) प्राप्तबल वा वेग से (अयज्ञसाचः) जो यज्ञ से सम्बन्ध नहीं करते वे (मर्त्ताः) मनुष्य (न) नहीं नष्ट करते हैं, वे (अप्यः) कर्मों में प्रसिद्ध के (न) समान और (पुत्राः) पुत्रों के समान होते हैं ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य अध्यापक और उपदेशकों का अप्रिय आचरण नहीं करते हैं, वे सत्पुत्रों के समान होते हैं और जो अप्रिय का आचरण करते हैं, वे शत्रुओं के तुल्य होते हैं ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मित्रावरुणा ! यद्ये स्पूर्द्धन् वां प्रिया धाम युवधिता न प्रमिणन्ति ये देवास ओहसाऽयज्ञसाचो मर्त्ताश्च न मिनन्ति तेऽप्यो न पुत्रा इव जायन्ते ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
के विदुषां प्रिया अप्रिया वा भवन्तीत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्र) (यत्) ये (वाम्) युवयोः (मित्रावरुणा) प्राणोदानवद्वर्त्तमानौ (स्पूर्धन्) स्पर्द्धमानाः (प्रिया) प्रियाणि (धाम) दधति येषु तानि (युवधिता) युवयोर्हितानि (मिनन्ति) हिंसन्ति (न) निषेधे (ये) (देवासः) विद्वांसः (ओहसा) प्राप्तेन बलेन वेगन वा (न) निषेधे (मर्त्ताः) मनुष्याः (अयज्ञसाचः) ये यज्ञेन न सचन्ति सम्बध्नन्ति ते (अप्यः) अप्सु सत्कर्मसु भवः (न) इव (पुत्राः) ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्या अध्यापकोपदेशकानामप्रियं नाचरन्ति ते सत्पुत्रवद्भवन्ति ये चाऽप्रियमाचरन्ति ते शत्रुवज्जायन्ते ॥९॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे अध्यापक व उपदेशक यांच्याबरोबर प्रिय आचरण करतात ती सत्पुत्राप्रमाणे असतात व जी अप्रिय आचरण करतात ती शत्रूप्रमाणे असतात. ॥ ९ ॥
10 वि यद्वाचम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
वि यद्वाचं॑ की॒स्तासो॒ भर॑न्ते॒ शंस॑न्ति॒ के चि॑न्नि॒विदो॑ मना॒नाः ।
आद्वां॑ ब्रवाम स॒त्यान्यु॒क्था नकि॑र्दे॒वेभि॑र्यतथो महि॒त्वा ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
वि यद्वाचं॑ की॒स्तासो॒ भर॑न्ते॒ शंस॑न्ति॒ के चि॑न्नि॒विदो॑ मना॒नाः ।
आद्वां॑ ब्रवाम स॒त्यान्यु॒क्था नकि॑र्दे॒वेभि॑र्यतथो महि॒त्वा ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
वि꣡ य꣡द् वा꣡चं · कीस्ता꣡सो भ꣡रन्ते
शं꣡सन्ति के꣡ चिन् निवि꣡दो मनानाः꣡
आ꣡द् वाम् ब्रवाम सत्या꣡नि उक्था꣡
न꣡किर् देवे꣡भिर् यतथो महित्वा꣡
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
bhárante ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
kīstā́saḥ ← kīstá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
vā́cam ← vā́c- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
ví ← ví (invariable)
{}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
cit ← cit (invariable)
{}
ké ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
manānā́ḥ ← √man- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:AOR, voice:MED}
nivídaḥ ← nivíd- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
śáṁsanti ← √śaṁs- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
ā́t ← ā́t (invariable)
{}
bravāma ← √brū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
satyā́ni ← satyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
ukthā́ ← ukthá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
devébhiḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
mahitvā́ ← mahitvá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
nákiḥ ← nákiḥ (invariable)
{}
yatathaḥ ← √yat- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
वि । यत् । वाच॑म् । की॒स्तासः॑ । भर॑न्ते । शंस॑न्ति । के । चि॒त् । नि॒ऽविदः॑ । म॒ना॒नाः ।
आत् । वा॒म् । ब्र॒वा॒म॒ । स॒त्यानि॑ । उ॒क्था । नकिः॑ । दे॒वेभिः॑ । य॒त॒थः॒ । म॒हि॒ऽत्वा ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- vi
- [adverb]
- “apart; away; away.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- vācaṃ ← vācam ← vāc
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “speech; statement; voice; voice; speech; language; vāc [word]; word; literary composition; conversation; sound; Sarasvati; cry; assurance; spell.”
- kīstāso ← kīstāsaḥ ← kīsta
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- bharante ← bhṛ
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”
- śaṃsanti ← śaṃs
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “recommend; tell; praise; approve; communicate; recite; commend; bode; name; agree.”
- kecin ← kecid ← kaścit
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “any(a); some(a); some(a); some(a); some(a).”
- nivido ← nividaḥ ← nivid
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- manānāḥ ← man
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “think of; name; believe; teach; honor; deem; recommend; approve; think; define; call; respect; believe; enumerate; understand; see; describe.”
- ād ← āt
- [adverb]
- “then.”
- vām ← tvad
- [noun], dative, dual
- “you.”
- bravāma ← brū
- [verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “say; tell; describe; speak; state; answer; call; explain; address; proclaim; talk; talk; choose.”
- satyāny ← satyāni ← satya
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “true; real; real; faithful; good.”
- ukthā ← uktha
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”
- nakir
- [adverb]
- “not.”
- devebhir ← devebhiḥ ← deva
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- yatatho ← yatathaḥ ← yat
- [verb], dual, Present indikative
- “strive; endeavor; join; equal; rival.”
- mahitvā ← mahitva
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “greatness.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
यत् यदा कीस्तासः मेधाविन उद्गातारः। उशिजः कीस्तासः’ इति मेधाविनामसु पाठात् । वाचं स्तुतिं वि भरन्ते पृथक् उच्चारयन्ति तदा के चित् बह्वृचाः मनानाः अग्न्यादीन् स्तुवन्तः निविदः शंसन्ति । आत् तथा सति वां युवाभ्यां सत्यानि उक्थानि स्तोत्राणि वयं ब्रवाम । महित्वा महत्त्वेन देवेभिः अन्यैर्देवैः सह नकिः यतथः न गच्छथः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“When the intelligent (priests) offer praise, then some of them, glorifying (Agni and other deities), recite the Nivid hymns; such being the case, we address to you sincere adoration, for in consequence of your greatness you do not associate with (other) divinities.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Na kir devebhir yatathaḥ, you do not go, gacchathaḥ, with other gods, anyair devaiḥ saha, you are not associated with them at sacrifice
Jamison Brereton
When the praisers distribute their speech and some recite the formal invocations, paying them heed,
after that we will speak to you pronouncements that come true: “No one (will violate your ordinances). You set in their places (the
peoples) along with the gods by your greatness.”
Jamison Brereton Notes
Geldner and Renou take the first hemistich here as a continuation of the description of bad ritual behavior, with cd introducing our contrastively correct practice. I think rather that the whole of 10 describes this good behavior. One advantage of this interpr. is that it allows ā́d opening c to have its normal sense ‘after that’, which Klein (DGRV II.135-36) must explicitly deny it. By my interpr. the first pāda sets the ritual scene, with the various priestly speakers “distributing” the types of ritual speech, as is standard in Vedic ritual. Some of these speakers recite the Nivids, the formal invocations. After this “we” take over by speaking ukthá-.
On kīstá- ‘praiser’ see comm. ad I.127.7. I see no evidence for Renou’s ‘mauvaisprêtres’ beyond his contextual assumptions.
The interpr. of ab as referring to bad practice turns on the part. manānā́ḥ, which most take as meaning ‘(falsely) considering X as Y’ (e.g., Geldner “was sie für Einladungssprüche halten”), but no evidence is presented that this should be the meaning of this root aor. part., the only occurrence of the participial stem. Most other forms of this medial root aor. (mostly attested in the subjunctive) have a positive sense: ‘bring to mind’, ‘conceive’, ‘ponder’, etc. The published translation has ‘pay heed to’, but any of the other suggested tr. just given would work as well, while ‘(falsely) consider’ has no support in this stem.
Pāda d is syntactically problematic. The last two words (yatatho mahitvā́) are identical to the ending of 3d and appear to sketch a ring and a return to the focus on M+V’s ability to put human beings in order. Because of this salient repetition, I am reluctant to ascribe an entire different sense to this phrase in this vs. than in 3, as both Geldner and Renou do, with both also unacceptably stretching the meaning of the verb form. In order to take d as a single cl., they must also treat nákiḥ as a simple neg.
rather than in its usual meaning ‘no one’, since the verb yatathaḥ is 2nd du. and cannot take ‘no one’ as subject. In order to avoid this problem, I create problems of my own. I take nákiḥ as a radically truncated sentence “No one …” This is based on the observation that one of the most common contexts in which nákis appears is as subj. of minat (etc.) ‘violate(s)’ (cf., e.g., I.69.7, IV.30.23, VI.30.2, etc.). I therefore suggest that nákiḥ here is an implicit response to the description of the behavior of bad rivals in 9b priyā́dhā́ma yuvádhitā minánti “they violate the dear ordinances ordained by you”. Here in our ritual “no one” performs such violation. With nákis out of the way, the rest of the pāda can be harmonized with the use of yatatho mahitvā́in 3d. There M+V ‘set in place’ various peoples (jánān). Here I would resupply jánān and take devébhiḥ as an instr. of accompaniment: M+V set in place the peoples along with the gods. I would prefer not to have to impose such a radical analysis on this pāda, but I find other analyses even more unsatisfactory.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
As noted in the published introduction, these vss. seem to concern themselves with rival sacrificers.
Griffith
When singers in their song uplift their voices, some chant the Nivid texts with steady purpose.
Then may we sing you lauds that shall be fruitful: dp ye not rival all the Gods in greatness?
Geldner
Wenn die Sänger die Rede verteilen, so tragen die einen vor, was sie für Einladungssprüche halten; aber wir wollen auf euch die wahren Lobgedichte sprechen: Ihr eifert nicht mit den anderen Göttern um die Größe.
Grassmann
Wenn nun die Sänger ihre Stimm’ erheben und andachtsvoll im Chor nach Vorschrift singen, Dann wollen wir euch gute Sprüche sprechen; nicht sind euch andre Götter gleich an Grösse.
Elizarenkova
Когда певцы (?) распределяют речь (так,)
(Что) некоторые исполняют (то, что) считают приглашениями (богов), –
Это мы должны произносить вам истинные гимны:
Вы не сопоставимы с богами по величию!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर कौन तिरस्कार करने योग्य और सत्कार करने योग्य हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! यदि तुम दोनों (महित्वा) महिमा से (देवेभिः) विद्वानों के साथ विद्यावृद्धि के लिये (नकिः) न (यतथः) यत्न करते हो तो (वाम्) तुम दोनों के प्रति हम लोग (सत्यानि) उत्तम पदार्थों में भी उत्तम (उक्था) कहने वा सुनने के योग्य विषयों को (आत्, ब्रवाम) पीछे कहें (यत्) जो (कीस्तासः) मेधावीजन (वाचम्) वाणी को (वि, भरन्ते) विशेषता से धारण करते हैं और (के, चित्) कोई (मनानाः) विचार करते हुए (निविदः) उत्तम वाणियों की (शंसन्ति) प्रशंसा करते हैं, उनको सर्वदा तुम पढ़ाओ ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - राजा और राजजनों और प्रजास्थ विद्वानों के द्वारा कौन विद्वान् अच्छी शिक्षा देने योग्य हैं, जो निष्कपटता से अपनी शक्ति के अनुकूल पढ़ाने से विद्या प्रचार न करें। और जो प्रीति के साथ विद्याओें को पाकर सर्वत्र प्रचार करते हैं, वे ही सदा सत्कार करने योग्य हैं ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! यदि युवां महित्वा देवेभिस्सह विद्यावृद्धये नकिर्यतथस्तर्हि वां सत्यान्युक्था आद् ब्रवाम यद्ये कीस्तासो वाचं वि भरन्ते के चिन्मनाना मननं कुर्वाणा निविदः शंसन्ति तान् सर्वदा युवां पाठयतम् ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः के तिरस्करणीयाः सत्कर्त्तव्याश्चेत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वि) (यत्) ये (वाचम्) (कीस्तासः) मेधाविनः। कीस्तास इति मेधाविनाम। (निघं०३.१५) (भरन्ते) (शंसन्ति) (के) (चित्) अपि (निविदः) उत्तमा वाचः। निविदिति वाङ्नाम। (निघं०१.११) (मनानाः) मन्यमानाः (आत्) आनन्तर्ये (वाम्) युवाम् (ब्रवाम) अध्यापयेमोपदिशेम वा (सत्यानि) सत्सु अर्थेषु साधूनि (उक्था) वक्तुं श्रोतुमर्हाणि (नकिः) निषेधे (देवेभिः) विद्वद्भिः सह (यतथः) यतेथे। अत्र व्यत्ययेन परस्मैपदम् (महित्वा) महिम्ना ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - राज्ञा राजजनैः प्रजास्थैर्विद्वद्भिश्च के विद्वांसः प्रशासनीया ये निष्कपटत्वेन यथाशक्त्यध्यापनेन विद्याप्रचारं न कुर्य्युः। ये च प्रीत्या विद्याः प्राप्य सर्वत्र प्रचारयन्ति त एव सदैव सत्कर्त्तव्याः ॥१०॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - राजा, राजजन व प्रजा यांनी ठरवावे की कोणते विद्वान प्रशंसनीय आहेत व कोणते निष्कपटीपणाने आपल्या शक्तिनुसार विद्येचा प्रचार करीत नाहीत व जे प्रेमाने विद्या प्राप्त करून प्रचार करतात तेच सदैव सत्कार करण्यायोग्य असतात. ॥ १० ॥
11 अवोरित्था वाम् - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ॒वोरि॒त्था वां॑ छ॒र्दिषो॑ अ॒भिष्टौ॑ यु॒वोर्मि॑त्रावरुणा॒वस्कृ॑धोयु ।
अनु॒ यद्गावः॑ स्फु॒रानृ॑जि॒प्यं धृ॒ष्णुं यद्रणे॒ वृष॑णं यु॒नज॑न् ॥
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अ॒वोरि॒त्था वां॑ छ॒र्दिषो॑ अ॒भिष्टौ॑ यु॒वोर्मि॑त्रावरुणा॒वस्कृ॑धोयु ।
अनु॒ यद्गावः॑ स्फु॒रानृ॑जि॒प्यं धृ॒ष्णुं यद्रणे॒ वृष॑णं यु॒नज॑न् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - मित्रावरुणौ
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अवो꣡र् इत्था꣡ वां छर्दि꣡षो अभि꣡ष्टौ
युवो꣡र् मित्रावरुणाव् अ꣡स्कृधोयु
अ꣡नु य꣡द् गा꣡व स्फुरा꣡न् ऋजिप्यं꣡
धृष्णुं꣡ य꣡द् र꣡णे वृ꣡षणं युन꣡जन्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
abhíṣṭau ← abhíṣṭi- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}
avóḥ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:DU}
chardíṣaḥ ← chardís- (nominal stem)
{}
itthā́ ← itthā́ (invariable)
{}
vām ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:DU}
áskr̥dhoyu ← áskr̥dhoyu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
mitrāvaruṇau ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}
yuvóḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:DU}
ánu ← ánu (invariable)
{}
gā́vaḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
r̥jipyám ← r̥jipyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
sphurā́n ← √sphr̥̄- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
dhr̥ṣṇúm ← dhr̥ṣṇú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
ráṇe ← ráṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
vŕ̥ṣaṇam ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
yunájan ← √yuj- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
अ॒वोः । इ॒त्था । वा॒म् । छ॒र्दिषः॑ । अ॒भिष्टौ॑ । यु॒वोः । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णौ॒ । अस्कृ॑धोयु ।
अनु॑ । यत् । गावः॑ । स्फु॒रान् । ऋ॒जि॒प्यम् । धृ॒ष्णुम् । यत् । रणे॑ । वृष॑णम् । यु॒नज॑न् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- avor ← _ ← √_
- [?]
- “_”
- itthā
- [adverb]
- “thus; here.”
- vāṃ ← vām ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, dual
- “you.”
- chardiṣo ← chardiṣaḥ ← chardis
- [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
- “protection; protective covering.”
- abhiṣṭau ← abhiṣṭi
- [noun], locative, singular, feminine
- “prevalence; protection.”
- yuvor ← yuvoḥ ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, dual
- “you.”
- mitrāvaruṇāv ← mitrāvaruṇau ← mitrāvaruṇa
- [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
- “Varuna; Mitra.”
- askṛdhoyu
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “undiminished.”
- anu
- [adverb]
- “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- gāva ← gāvaḥ ← go
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
- sphurān ← sphur
- [verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “glitter; bounce; quiver; pulsate.”
- ṛjipyaṃ ← ṛjipyam ← ṛjipya
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- dhṛṣṇuṃ ← dhṛṣṇum ← dhṛṣṇu
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “brave; ferocious; strong.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- raṇe ← raṇa
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “battle; fight; pleasure; joy; war; combat.”
- vṛṣaṇaṃ ← vṛṣaṇam ← vṛṣan
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
- yunajan ← yuj
- [verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे मित्रावरुणौ अवोः अवतोः वां युवयोः अभिष्टौ अभिगमने छर्दिषः गृहाय सुखाथ वा । चतुर्थ्यर्थे षष्ठी । युवामभिगतेषु स्तोतृषु युवोः युवयोः संबन्धि युवाभ्यां देयं तद्गृहादिकम् अस्कृधोयु अविच्छिन्नं भवति । तथा च यास्कः- ‘ अस्कृधोयुरकृध्वायुः । कृध्विति ह्रस्वनाम निकृत्तं भवति ’ (निरु. ६. ३ ) इति । इत्था सत्यमेव । कदा मित्रावरुणयोरभिगमनमित्यत आह । यत् यदा गावः स्तुतयः अनु स्फुरान् अनुस्फुरेयुः। यदा च ऋजिप्यम् ऋजुगामिनं धृष्णुं शत्रूणां धर्षकं वृषणं कामानां वर्षितारं सोमं रणे रमणे यज्ञे युनजन् यजमाना युञ्ज्युः ॥ ॥ १० ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Upon your approach, Mitra and Varuṇa, protectors of the dwelling, your (bounty) is unlimited; when (your) praises are uttered, and the sacrificers add in the ceremony the Soma that inspires straightforwardness and resoluion, and is the showerer (of benefits).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Your bounty: yuvor askṛdhoyu: yuvābhyām deyam gṛhādikam avicchinnam bhavati, that which is to be given by you, as houses and the like, is unchecked;
Askṛdhoyu = long-lived, akṛdhvāyuḥ kṛdhu meaning short, or nikṛttam, cut off; there is also association with ajara as in: yo askṛdhoyur ajaraḥ svarvān, who is long-lived, free from decay, an occupant of heaven (askṛdhoyurakṛdhvāyuḥ kṛdhviti hasvanāma nikṛttam bhavati: Nirukta 6.3)
Jamison Brereton
In just this way, in the charge of you two and of your shelter, (we seek) of you, Mitra and Varuṇa, (giving) that is not stunted,
when the cows [=milk mixture] will bound after the straight-flying one [=soma], when they will yoke the bold bull [=soma] in battle-lust.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The first hemistich lacks a verb, but something like ‘we seek’ is a reasonable bet, to govern áskṛdhoyu ‘not stunted’, which elsewhere modifies ‘wealth’ (VI.22.3) and ‘treasure-conferral’ (VII.53.3), hence my ‘giving’.
Geldner produces an elaborate interpr. of cd as a portrayal of battle: ‘cows’ = bow string, ‘straight-flying one’ = arrow. Although such tropes would be at home in other parts of the RV, I see no martial context in this hymn that would encourage such a reading. Better to interpr. the hemistich within a ritual context, since this has been prominent in the hymn. The cows can, as so often, be the milk meant to be mixed with the soma; the ‘straight-flying one’ (ṛjipyá-, on which see comm. ad IV.27.4) can be the soma, or, as in IV.27.4, the falcon that carried the soma, and the bull in d is also the soma. Renou follows Geldner’s battle interpr., though (in his comm.) he also sees it overlaid with soma imagery.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
As noted in the published introduction, these vss. seem to concern themselves with rival sacrificers.
Griffith
O Mitra-Varuna, may your large bounty come to us hither, near to this our dwelling,
When the kine haste to us, and when they harness the fleet-foot mettled stallion for the battle.
Geldner
Unter der Obhut des Schirmes von euch beiden gnädigen Herren wollen wir euren ungeschmälerten Lohn erhalten, Mitra und Varuna, wenn die Rindersehnen den schnellfliegenden Pfeil schnellen, wenn sie im Kampfe den mutigen Bullen anschirren werden.
Grassmann
Fürwahr bei euch in eures Schutzes Obhut ist reiches Gut, o Varuna und Mitra, Wenn Tränke noch den eilenden beschleun’gen, den kühnen Helden zu dem Kampf erregen.
Elizarenkova
В самом деле, под покровом вашей защиты,
(Исходящей) от вас двоих, о Митра-Варуна, (мы хотим получить) нескупой (дар),
Когда (тетивы) из коровьих (ремней) торопят (полет) кидающейся вперед (стрелы),
Когда для боя запрягут отважного быка.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- मित्रावरुणौ
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर कौन विद्वान् होते हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! (यत्) जो (गावः) किरणें वा धेनु हैं उनको (स्फुरान्) स्फूर्त्तिवाले पदार्थों वा (ऋजिप्यम्) कोमल वा सरल पदार्थों के पालनेवालों में हुए (धृष्णुम्) दृढ़ प्रगल्भ (वृषणम्) बलिष्ठ को (रणे) सङ्ग्राम में कोई (युनजन्) जोड़ता हुआ विजय को प्राप्त होता है, हे (मित्रावरुणौ) वायु और सूर्य्य के समान वर्त्तमान ! (अवोः) रक्षा करनेवाले (वाम्) तुम दोनों के (छर्दिषः) घर के (अभिष्टौ) सन्मुख यज्ञक्रिया में (यत्) जो प्रयत्न करता है तथा (युवोः) तुम दोनों के सम्बन्ध में (अस्कृधोयु) जो अपनी लघुता नहीं चाहता (इत्था) इस हेतु से (अनु) अनुकूलता से यत्न करता है, उसका सदैव सत्कार करो ॥११॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! जो विद्यार्थी जन तुम्हारे काम को अपने काम के समान जानते हैं, वे ही दीर्घ आयुवाले, प्रशंसित विद्यायुक्त, धार्मिक परोपकारी होते हैं ॥११॥ इस सूक्त में प्राण और उदान के समान अध्यापक और उपदेशकों के गुणों का वर्णन होने से सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह सड़सठवाँ सूक्त और दशवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! यद्ये गावस्तान् स्फुरानृजिप्यं धृष्णुं वृषणं रणे कश्चिद्युनजन् सन् विजयते। हे मित्रावरुणाववोर्वां छर्दिषोऽभिष्टौ यद्यः प्रयतते युवोरस्कृधोय्वित्थाऽनुयतते तं सदा सत्कुर्यातम् ॥११॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः के विद्वांसो भवन्तीत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अवोः) रक्षकयोः। अत्र छान्दसो वर्णलोपो वेति सलोपः। (इत्था) अस्माद्धेतोः (वाम्) युवयो (छर्दिषः) गृहस्य (अभिष्टौ) आभिमुख्येन यजनक्रियायाम् (युवोः) युवयोः (मित्रावरुणौ) वायुसूर्यवद्वर्त्तमानौ (अस्कृधोयु) य आत्मनः कृधु ह्रस्वत्वं नेच्छति। अत्र सुपां सुलुगिति सुलोपः। (अनु) (यत्) ये (गावः) किरणा धेनवो वा (स्फुरान्) स्फूर्त्तिमतः (ऋजिप्यम्) ऋजूनां पालके भवम् (धृष्णुम्) दृढं प्रगल्भं वा (यत्) यः (रणे) सङ्ग्रामे (वृषणम्) बलिष्ठम् (युनजत्) युञ्जन् ॥११॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे अध्यापकोपदेशका ये विद्यार्थिनो युष्माकं कार्य्यं स्वकार्य्यवज्जानन्ति त एव दीर्घायुषः प्रशस्तविद्या धार्मिकाः परोपकारिणो जायन्त इति ॥११॥ अत्र प्राणोदानवदध्यापकोपदेशकगुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति सप्तषष्टितमं सूक्तं दशमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे अध्यापक, उपदेशकांनो ! जे विद्यार्थी तुमच्या कार्याला आपले कार्य मानतात तेच दीर्घायु प्रशंसित, विद्यायुक्त, धार्मिक व परोपकारी असतात. ॥ ११ ॥