०६२

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स्तुषे꣡ न꣡रा दिवो꣡ अस्य꣡ प्रस꣡न्ता
अश्वि꣡ना हुवे ज꣡रमाणो अर्कइः꣡
या꣡ सद्य꣡ उस्रा꣡ विउ꣡षि ज्मो꣡ अ꣡न्तान्
यु꣡यूषतः प꣡रि उरू꣡ व꣡रांसि

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
asyá ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

nárā ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

prasántā ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

stuṣé ← √stu- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

arkaíḥ ← arká- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

aśvínā ← aśvín- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

huve ← √hū- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

járamāṇaḥ ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ántān ← ánta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

jmáḥ ← kṣám- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

sadyás ← sadyás (invariable)
{}

usrā́ ← usrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

vyúṣi ← vyúṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

pári ← pári (invariable)
{}

urú ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

várāṁsi ← váras- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

yúyūṣataḥ ← √yu- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

स्तु॒षे । नरा॑ । दि॒वः । अ॒स्य । प्र॒ऽसन्ता॑ । अ॒श्विना॑ । हु॒वे॒ । जर॑माणः । अ॒र्कैः ।
या । स॒द्यः । उ॒स्रा । वि॒ऽउषि॑ । ज्मः । अन्ता॑न् । युयू॑षतः । परि॑ । उ॒रु । वरां॑सि ॥

• stuṣe ← stu
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• narā ← nṛ
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• prasantāśvinā ← prasantā ← prās ← √as
• [verb noun], accusative, dual

• prasantāśvinā ← aśvinā ← aśvin
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; two.”

• huve ← hvā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “raise; call on; call; summon.”

• jaramāṇo ← jaramāṇaḥ ← jṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “sing.”

• arkaiḥ ← arka
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

• yā ← yad
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• sadya ← sadyas
• [adverb]
• “immediately; just; daily; sadyas [word].”

• usrā ← usrāḥ ← usṛ
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “dawn.”

• vyuṣi ← vyuṣ
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “dawn.”

• jmo ← jmaḥ ← jm
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine

• antān ← anta
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “end; last syllable; end; end; boundary; inside; border; death; anta [word]; edge; end; shore; limit; region; outskirt; destruction; boundary; limit; anta; termination; corner; conclusion; hem; end; ant; edge.”

• yuyūṣataḥ ← yuyūṣ ← √yu
• [verb], dual, Present indikative

• pary ← pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• urū ← uru
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• varāṃsi ← varas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter

दिवः द्युलोकस्य नरा नेतारौ अस्य भुवनस्य प्रसन्ता प्रसन्तौ प्रभवन्तावीश्वरौ अश्विना अश्विनौ अश्वैरन्वितौ स्तुषे प्रगीतमन्त्रसाध्यैः स्तोत्रैः स्तोतुम् अर्कैः अप्रगीतमन्त्रसाध्यैः शस्त्रैः जरमाणः स्तुतिं कुर्वन् हुवे आह्वयामि । कीदृशावित्यपेक्षायाम् । या यौ सद्यः एव उस्रा शत्रूणां निवारकौ व्युषि व्युष्टौ निशायाः समाप्तौ ज्मः पृथिव्याः अन्तान् पर्यन्तान् उरु उरूणि वरांसि रूपस्यावरकाणि तमांसि च परि परितः युयूषतः पृथक्कुरुतः । अथवा वरांसि तेजांसि तमोनिवारणात् परि युयूषतः विस्तारयतः ॥

English translation:

“I praise the two leaders of heaven, the presiders over this world; I invoke the Aśvins, glorifying them with sacred hymns, them, who are ever the discomfiture (of foes), who at dawn scatter the investing glooms to the ends of the earth.”

I shall praise the two outstanding men of this heaven; I call upon the Aśvins, singing [/awakening] with my chants—
they who, at the breaking of the ruddy dawn, in a single day seek to encompass the ends of the earth and its broad expanses,

The usual ambiguity of jára- ‘awake’ or ‘sing’, with the usual possible double application in a context like this, though járamāṇasya in 4a speaks for ‘sing’.

In c usrā́ is taken as du. by Grassmann, flg. the Pp. However, it more likely represents usrā́ḥ in sandhi, a gen. sg. fem. See extensive disc. by Oldenberg ad II.39.2, as well as his brief acknowledgement of this underlying form in his comm. on this vs..; Geldner’s tr. reflects this interpr. Inter alia, 3 (V.3.8, 45.8, VIII.46.21) of the 5 occurrences of vyúṣi are preceded by a fem. gen. sg. asyā́(ḥ), referring to Dawn, and the 4th (besides this one) has a voc. of Dawn uṣo vyúṣi (VII.81.2). On fem. gen. sg. usrā́ḥ see comm. ad VI.3.6 In his n. 1d Geldner hesitates about the root affiliation of the desid. yúyūṣataḥ (√yu ‘join’ or √yu ‘separate’) and the function of pári (preverb or adposition). Although his tr. reflects a root affiliation to ‘join’ (“… zu umspannen suchen”), he offers an alternative tr. in the n. reflecting ‘separate’ (“… fortzurücken suchen”), an interpr.

followed by Heenen (Desid. 209). Such an interpr. would be conceptually possible: in the dim light of dawn and the morning mists, the Aśvins allow the boundaries of earth to be seen by “separating” them. However, I consider √yu ‘join’ more likely, in the sense, with pári, of ‘encompass’, referring to the usual round-the-world journey of the Aśvins. The constr. seems a conflation or crossing of the usual sadyáḥ [H+E] pári √i/yā [/VERB OF MOTION] expression “encircle heaven and earth in a single day,” as in I.115.3, 128.3, III.58.8, IV.45.7, etc., with the prior act of harnessing (√yu) the horses. For passages that incl. ántān (as here), see V.47.4, X.108.5: e.g., V.47.4 diváś caranti pári sadyó ántān “They circle around the ends of heaven in a single day.”

I LAUD the Heroes Twain, this heaven’s Controllers: singing with songs of praise I call the Asvins,
Fain in a moment, when the morns are breaking, to part the earth’s ends and the spacious regions.

Ich preise die beiden ausgezeichneten Herren dieses Himmels, die Asvin rufe ich als Frühbeter mit Preisliedern, die sogleich bei Aufgang der Morgenröte die Grenzen der Erde, die weiten Räume zu umspannen suchen.

Die Männer preis’ ich, dieses Himmels Herrscher, die Ritter ruf’ ich, mit Gesängen rauschend, Die bei des Morgens Licht der Erde Enden, den weiten Raum im Flug umspannen wollen.

Я славлю двоих выдающихся повелителей этого неба,
Ашвинов я зову песнями, бодрствуя,
(Тех,) что сразу на восходе зари стремятся охватить
Границы земли, далекие просторы.

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

अब बिजुली और अन्तरिक्ष कैसे हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (जरमाणः) स्तुति करता हुआ मैं (अर्कैः) मन्त्रों से (या) जो (व्युषि) विशेष दाह के निमित्त (उस्रा) जिनकी किरणें विद्यमान वे (प्रसन्ता) विभाग करनेवाला (नरा) नायक (अश्विना) व्यापनशील बिजुली और अन्तरिक्ष (अस्य) इस (दिवः) प्रकाश के तथा (ज्मः) पृथिवी के (अन्तान्) समीपस्थ पदार्थों को (उरु) बहुत (वरांसि) उत्तम वस्तुओं को (सद्यः) शीघ्र (परि, युयूषतः) अच्छे प्रकार अलग-अलग करते उनकी (स्तुषे) स्तुति करता हूँ तथा (हुवे) ग्रहण करता हूँ, वैसे इनकी स्तुति कर तुम भी ग्रहण करो ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो अन्तरिक्ष और विद्युत् सर्वाधिकरण और सब पदार्थों के बीच ठहरे हुए वर्त्तमान हैं, उनके बीच बिजुली विभाग करनेवाली और अन्तरिक्ष आधार वर्त्तमान है, उनके गुणों को सब जानो ॥१॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! जरमाणोऽहमर्कैर्या व्युष्युस्रा प्रसन्ता नराश्विनाऽस्य दिवो ज्मोऽन्तानुरु वरांसि सद्यः परि युयूषतस्तौ स्तुषे हुवे तथैतौ स्तुत्वा यूयमपि गृह्णीत ॥१॥

अथ विद्युदन्तरिक्षे कीदृशे स्त इत्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (स्तुषे) स्तौमि (नरा) नरौ नायकौ (दिवः) प्रकाशस्य (अस्य) (प्रसन्ता) विभाजकौ (अश्विना) व्यापनशीले द्यावान्तरिक्षे (हुवे) गृह्णामि (जरमाणः) स्तुवन् (अर्कैः) मन्त्रैः (या) यौ (सद्यः) (उस्रा) रश्मयो विद्यन्ते ययोस्तौ (व्युषि) विशेषेण दाहे (ज्मः) पृथिव्याः। ज्म इति पृथिवीनाम। (निघं०१.१) (अन्तान्) समीपस्थान् (युयूषतः) संविभाजयतः (परि) सर्वतः (उरु) बहु (वरांसि) उत्तमानि वस्तूनि ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! येऽन्तरिक्षविद्युतौ सर्वाधिकरणे सर्वपदार्थान्तःस्थे वर्त्तेते तयोर्मध्ये विद्युद्विभाजिकाऽन्तरिक्षं चाधारो वर्त्तते तयोर्गुणान् सर्वे जानन्तु ॥१॥

या सूक्तात अश्वींच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्व सूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जे अंतरिक्ष व विद्युत सर्वांमध्ये व सर्व पदार्थामध्ये स्थिर आहेत. त्यापैकी विद्युत विभाजन करणारी व अंतरिक्ष आधार देणारे आहे. ज्यांचे गुण सर्वांनी जाणावे. ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ता꣡ यज्ञ꣡म् आ꣡ शु꣡चिभिश् चक्रमाणा꣡
र꣡थस्य भानुं꣡ रुरुचू र꣡जोभिः
पुरू꣡ व꣡रांसि अ꣡मिता मि꣡माना
अपो꣡ ध꣡न्वानि अ꣡ति याथो अ꣡ज्रान्

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

cakramāṇā́ ← √kramⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

śúcibhiḥ ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

yajñám ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

bhānúm ← bhānú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rájobhiḥ ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

ráthasya ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

rurucuḥ ← √ruc- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ámitā ← ámita- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

mímānā ← √mā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

purú ← purú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

várāṁsi ← váras- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

ájrān ← ájra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

áti ← áti (invariable)
{}

dhánvāni ← dhánvan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

yāthaḥ ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ता । य॒ज्ञम् । आ । शुचि॑ऽभिः । च॒क्र॒मा॒णा । रथ॑स्य । भा॒नुम् । रु॒रु॒चुः॒ । रजः॑ऽभिः ।
पु॒रु । वरां॑सि । अमि॑ता । मिमा॑ना । अ॒पः । धन्वा॑नि । अति॑ । या॒थः॒ । अज्रा॑न् ॥

• tā ← tad
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• yajñam ← yajña
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• śucibhiś ← śucibhiḥ ← śuci
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• cakramāṇā ← kram
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

• rathasya ← ratha
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• bhānuṃ ← bhānum ← bhānu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sunbeam; beam; luminosity; copper; light; twelve; appearance; Bhānu; flare.”

• rurucū ← rurucuḥ ← ruc
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “please; shine.”

• rajobhiḥ ← rajas
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• purū ← puru
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “many; much(a); very.”

• varāṃsy ← varāṃsi ← varas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter

• amitā ← amita
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “infinite; illimitable; countless.”

• mimānāpo ← mimānā ← mā
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “weigh; measure; total; last; weigh; measure; give away; transform.”

• mimānāpo ← apaḥ ← ap
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• dhanvāny ← dhanvāni ← dhanvan
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “bow; desert; steppe; barren.”

• ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• yātho ← yāthaḥ ← yā
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• ajrān ← ajra
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “plain.”

किंच ता तौ प्रसिद्धावश्विनौ यज्ञम् अस्मदीयं यागम् आ चक्रमाणा अभिचक्रमाणौ शुचिभिः निर्मलैः रजोभिः स्वीयैस्तेजोभिः। ‘रजो रजतेर्ज्योती रज उच्यते’ (निरु. ४. १९) इति यास्केनोक्तत्वात् । रथस्य स्वकीयस्य रथस्य भानुं दीप्तिं रुरुचुः रोचयेते । अपि च पुरु बहूनि वरांसि तमोनिवारकाणि तेजांसि अमिता अपरिमितानि मिमाना निर्मिमाणौ अपः उद्दिश्य धन्वानि मरुप्रदेशान् अज्रान् स्वकीयानश्वान् अति याथः अतिक्रामयथः ॥

English translation:

“Coming to the sacrifice with their bright splendours, they light up the lustre of (their) car; emitting vast and infinite radiance; they drive their horses over deserts (refreshing them) with water.”

While striding to the sacrifice with their gleaming (horses). (The horses) have shone the radiant beam of their chariot through the dusky spaces.
Measuring the many immeasurable expanses, you two drive over the waters, wastelands, and fields,

This vs. presents both number and person disagreement, the first more acute than the second. As noted above, the vs. begins with the dual NA prn. tā́, surely referring to the Aśvins, and this 1st pāda ends with an apparent dual part. cakramāṇā́ presumably modifying the prn. But the next pāda contains a plural verb rurucuḥ (rurucū in sandhi), which cannot take the dual as subject – nor as object. (Because of its sandhi position cakramāṇā́could instead reflect underlying pl. -ā́ḥ, but the initial tā́seems almost designed to anchor the participle as dual as well.) Curiously both Geldner and Kümmel (431) tr. the dual NP as subj. of the pl. verb without comment – either because of a rare grammatical lapse on their parts or because they view it (without comment) as an example of improper agreement. (It is certainly true that a dual

*rurucatuḥ would be metrically disastrous, so lax haplology would be thinkable.) I believe that we must take the number and the number disharmony seriously, and I therefore take pādas a and b as separate clauses. The first lacks a finite verb.

We can either consider the participle as predicated (“they two [are] striding …”) or, my preference, as pendant to 1cd, with dual its subj. As noted in the published introduction, there is another likely enjambment between vss. 2 and 3. The next question is the identity of the pl. subj. of d. There is one pl. form in pāda a: instr. pl. śúcibhiḥ. Geldner and Kümmel take this as referring to the rájobhiḥ ‘spaces’ in b, but Renou suggests that it ancitipates the horses (áśvaiḥ) in 3bc. If we accept Renou’s identification of the ‘gleaming ones’ as horses, this provides a possible pl. subj. for rurucuḥ. As gleaming ones themselves, they could “shine the radiant beam of the chariot” through the spaces. This may make them sound a little like Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, but at least it avoids a grammatical solecism.

The ps. disagreement is, by contrast, very mild and standard RVic practice: the dual subj. returns in 2cd but as 2nd ps. rather than 3rd, as we learn by the verb yāthaḥ late in pāda d.

Note c purū́várāṃsi, a rhyme form to urū́várāṃsi ending 1d.

Moving to sacrifice through realms of lustre they light the radiance of the car that bears them.
Traversing many wide unmeasured spaces, over the wastes ye pass, and fields, and waters.

Zum Opfer kommend durch die reinen Lüfte ließen sie den Glanz ihres Wagens leuchten. Viele unermeßliche Räume durchmessend fahret ihr über Gewässer, Wüsten, Ebenen.

Zum Opfer eilend mit den lichten Rossen durchdrangen mit des Wagens Glanz die Luft sie; Viel unermessne weite Räum’ ermessend geht ihr durch Wasser, trockne Lande, Triften.

Приближаясь к жертвоприношению на сверкающих (конях),
Они обычно зажигают блеск (своей) колесницы, (проезжая) через (воздушные) пространства,
Измеряя многие неизмеренные просторы,
Движетесь вы двое через воды, пустыни, луга.

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर वे दोनों कैसे हैं, इस विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशको ! तुम जो (शुचिभिः) पवित्र गुणों से (यज्ञम्) सर्वसङ्गत व्यवहार को (आ, चक्रमाणा) आक्रमण करते हुए (रथस्य) रमणीय जगत् के (भानुम्) प्रकाश करनेवाले को प्रकाश करनेवाले वा (रजोभिः) परमाणु वा लोकों के साथ (पुरु) बहुत (अमिता) अपरिमित (वरांसि) स्वीकार करने योग्य पदार्थों को (मिमाना) निर्माण करनेवाले वा (अपः) जल जो (धन्वानि) अन्तरिक्षस्थ हैं उनको और (अज्रान्) प्रक्षिप्त पदार्थों को (याथः) प्राप्त होते और जिनसे सब (रुरुचुः) रुचते हैं (ताः) उनको (अति) अत्यन्त प्राप्त होते हो ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! यदि तुम वायु और बिजुली को यथावत् जानो तो अमित आनन्द को प्राप्त होओ ॥२॥

अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! युवां यौ शुचिभिर्यज्ञमा चक्रमाणा रथस्य भानुं प्रदीपकौ रजोभिः पुर्वमिता वरांसि मिमानाऽपो धन्वान्यज्रान् याथो याभ्यां सर्वाणि रुरुचुस्ताऽति याथः ॥२॥

पुनस्तौ कीदृशावित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (यज्ञम्) सर्वं सङ्गतं व्यवहारम् (आ) समन्तात् (शुचिभिः) पवित्रैर्गुणैः (चक्रमाणा) क्रमयितारौ (रथस्य) रमणीयस्य जगतः (भानुम्) प्रकाशकम् (रुरुचुः) रोचन्ते (रजोभिः) परमाणुभिर्लोकैर्वा सह (पुरु) पुरूणि बहूनि (वरांसि) वरणीयानि वस्तूनि (अमिता) अमितान्यपरिमितानि (मिमाना) निर्मातारौ (अपः) जलानि (धन्वानि) अन्तरिक्षस्थानि (अति) (याथः) प्राप्नुथः (अज्रान्) प्रक्षिप्तान् ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यदि यूयं वायुविद्युतौ यथावद्विजानीत तर्ह्यमितमानन्दं प्राप्नुयात ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - भावार्थ -हे माणसांनो ! जर तुम्ही वायू विद्युतला यथायोग्य जाणाल तर अत्यंत आनंद प्राप्त कराल. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ता꣡ ह त्य꣡द् वर्ति꣡र् य꣡द् अ꣡रध्रम् उग्रा
इत्था꣡ धि꣡य ऊहथुः श꣡श्वद् अ꣡श्वैः
म꣡नोजवेभिर् इषिरइः꣡ शय꣡ध्यै
प꣡रि व्य꣡थिर् दाशु꣡षो म꣡र्तियस्य

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áradhram ← áradhra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ha ← ha (invariable)
{}

tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

tyát ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ugrā ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

vartíḥ ← vartís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

áśvaiḥ ← áśva- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

dhíyaḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

itthā́ ← itthā́ (invariable)
{}

śáśvat ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ūhathuḥ ← √vah- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

iṣiraíḥ ← iṣirá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

mánojavebhiḥ ← mánojava- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

śayádhyai ← √śī- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

dāśúṣaḥ ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

mártyasya ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

pári ← pári (invariable)
{}

vyáthiḥ ← vyáthi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ता । ह॒ । त्यत् । व॒र्तिः । यत् । अर॑ध्रम् । उ॒ग्रा॒ । इ॒त्था । धियः॑ । ऊ॒ह॒थुः॒ । शश्व॑त् । अश्वैः॑ ।
मनः॑ऽजवेभिः । इ॒षि॒रैः । श॒यध्यै॑ । परि॑ । व्यथिः॑ । दा॒शुषः॑ । मर्त्य॑स्य ॥

• tā ← tad
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ha
• [adverb]
• “indeed; ha [word].”

• tyad ← tya
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “that.”

• vartir ← vartiḥ ← vartis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “tour.”

• yad ← yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• aradhram ← aradhra
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter

• ugretthā ← ugrā ← ugra
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

• ugretthā ← itthā
• [adverb]
• “thus; here.”

• dhiya ← dhiyaḥ ← dhī
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• ūhathuḥ ← vah
• [verb], dual, Perfect indicative
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• śaśvad ← śaśvat
• [adverb]
• “always; repeatedly; continually; wholly.”

• aśvaiḥ ← aśva
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• manojavebhir ← manojavebhiḥ ← manojava
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “bright.”

• iṣiraiḥ ← iṣira
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “vigorous; bracing; quick.”

• śayadhyai ← śī
• [verb noun]
• “lie; sleep.”

• pari
• [adverb]
• “from; about; around.”

• vyathir ← vyathiḥ ← vyathis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• dāśuṣo ← dāśuṣaḥ ← dāś
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “sacrifice; give.”

• martyasya ← martya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”

ता ह तौ खलु उग्रा उग्रावश्विना युवां यत् अरध्रम् असमृद्धं त्यत् वर्तिः यजमानस्य तत् गृहं समर्धयितुं गच्छथः । किंच इत्था इत्थं धियः स्तोतॄन् इषिरैः एषणीयैः काम्यैः मनोजवेभिः मनोवेगैः अश्वैः स्वीयैरश्वैः शश्वत् सर्वदा ऊहथुः स्वर्गं प्रापयथः । मर्त्यस्य मनुष्यस्य दाशुषः यजमानस्य व्यथिः हिंसक: परि शयध्यै परिशयनाय दीर्घनिद्रायै युवाभ्यां क्रियताम् ॥

English translation:

“Fierce Aśvins, from thhat humble mansion to which (you have repaired), you have ever borne with your desirable horses, as swift as thought, the pious worshippers in some manner (to heaven); let the injurer of the liberal man (be consigned by you) to (final) repose.”

When (you drive) this circuit without slackening, o powerful ones. Over and over you have conveyed insights that are right to the point, with your horses
swift as thought and vigorous, in order to circumscribe the wayward course of the pious mortal.

This vs. presents a different type of grammatical disharmony, though it again concerns how to construe the first pāda. Once again it begins with du. tā́, but in this case that prn. can be the subj. of the 2nd dual pf. ūhathuḥ. (Though by my rules,= I would prefer not to have a 3rd ps. prn serving as subj. to a non-imperatival verb [see my “sa figé”], I do have to reckon with a fairly clear ex. in 6ab.) The problems lie in 1) vartíḥ ‘circuit’ and 2) yád. To begin with the 2nd, if yád is functioning as a subordinating conjunction and ab is a single clause, ūhathuḥ in b should be accented.

(It is not clear to me what Geldner does with the yád; he seems just to ignore it.) Now yád is badly positioned for a clausal subordinator, and it is possible that rather than being a subordinating conjunction it’s functioning as a sort of izafe in the phrase tyád vartír yád áradhram, connecting the adj. áradhram to vartíḥ. I would be inclined to that interpr. if it weren’t for the problem of vartíḥ itself. This noun is always the complement of the verb √yā in the phrase “drive the/a/your circuit,” incl. in this same hymn, 10ab … vartíḥ … yātam, and in the next one, with phraseology similar to ours, VI.63.2 pári ha tyád vartír yāthaḥ … It would be very difficult to make it the obj. of ūhathuḥ, which already has an obj. of its own in any case. But the preceding pāda, 2d, has a form of √yā, and I suggest that we simply supply it in 3a as well, which is again pendant on the preceding vs. By this interpr., subordinating yád is still badly positioned, but it could have been displaced by the insistently fronted tā́in this section of the hymn. I take áradhram as a neut. adv., but it could also modify vártiḥ (“unslackening circuit”) without benefit of an izafe.

The lexeme pári √śi means lit. ‘lie around’ and is used, e.g., of Vṛtra surrounding the flood in IV.19.2, etc. Assuming that śayádhyai, pári here belongs to the same lexeme, it must have a developed sense: to surround and thus circumscribe, keep within bounds. Why a “pious mortal” would be pursuing a course that needs such control is not clear to me. I suppose it could just mean that, since the Aśvins circle around the earth (1cd), that circle marks the boundaries of where humans can wander.

Note the echo effect of vártiḥ (a) / vyáthiḥ (d).

Ye to that bounteous path of yours, ye mighty, have ever borne away our thoughts with horses,
Mind-swift and full of vigour, that the trouble of man who offers gifts might cease and slumber.

Als solche habt ihr Gewaltige immer wieder diese unermüdliche Umfahrt zu dem darauf rechnenden Sterblichen unternommen, mit den gedankenschnellen eifrigen Rossen, um den Fehltritt des opfernden Sterblichen zu verhüten.

Ihr fuhret stets zur eifervollen Festschar, gewalt’ge mit den Rossen recht zur Andacht, Den geistesschnellen, muntern, um zu ruhen rings bei dem Werk des Mannes, der euch huldigt.

Вот такие, (совершая) тот (свой) объезд, который неутомим, о грозные,
Вы постоянно возите (с собой) истинные молитвы на конях,
Быстрых, как мысль, резвых, чтобы предотвратить
Отклонение смертного, почитающего (вас).

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर वे कैसे हैं, इस विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वानो ! (यत्) जो (उग्रा) तेजस्वी वायु और बिजुली (अश्वैः) महान् वेगादि गुणों से वा (इषिरैः) प्राप्त (मनोजवेभिः) मनोवद्वेगवानों से (दाशुषः) दानशील (मर्त्यस्य) मनुष्य के (त्यत्) उस (वर्तिः) मार्ग को तथा (अरध्रम्) असमृद्ध व्यवहार और (धियः) बुद्धि वा कर्मों को (शश्वत्) निरन्तर (ऊहथुः) चलाते हैं वा (शयध्यै) सोने को (व्यथिः) व्यथा को (ह) निश्चय से (परि) पहुँचाते हैं (ता) उनको (इत्था) इस प्रकार के वर्त्तमान जानकर तुम अच्छे प्रकार प्रयुक्त करो अर्थात् कलायन्त्रों में जोड़ो ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जब तुम वायु और बिजुली के गुणों को जानोगे, तभी पूर्ण ऐश्वर्य को पाओगे ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो ! यदुग्रा वायुविद्युता अश्वैरिषिरैर्मनोजवेभिर्दाशुषो मर्त्यस्य त्यद्वर्त्तिररध्रं धियश्च शश्वदूहथुः शयध्यै व्यथिर्ह पर्यूहथुस्तेत्था वर्त्तमानौ विज्ञाय यूयं सम्प्रयुङ्ध्वम् ॥३॥

पुनस्तौ कीदृशौ स्त इत्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (ह) किल (त्यत्) (वर्त्तिः) मार्गम् (यत्) यौ (अरध्रम्) असमृद्धव्यवहारम् (उग्रा) तेजस्विनौ (इत्था) अनेन हेतुना (धियः) प्रज्ञाः कर्माणि वा (ऊहथुः) वहथः। अत्र पुरुषव्यत्ययः (शश्वत्) निरन्तरम् (अश्वैः) महद्भिर्वेगादिगुणैः (मनोजवेभिः) मनोवद्वेगवद्भिः (इषिरैः) प्राप्तैः (शयध्यै) शयितुम् (परि) सर्वतः (व्यथिः) व्यथाम् (दाशुषः) दानशीलस्य (मर्त्यस्य) मनुष्यस्य ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यदा यूयं वायुविद्युद्गुणान् विज्ञास्यथ तदैव पूर्णमैश्वर्यं प्रास्यथ ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जेव्हा तुम्ही वायू व विद्युतच्या गुणांना जाणाल तेव्हा पूर्ण ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त कराल. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ता꣡ न꣡व्यसो ज꣡रमाणस्य म꣡न्म
उ꣡प भूषतो युयुजान꣡सप्ती
शु꣡भम् पृ꣡क्षम् इ꣡षम् ऊ꣡र्जं व꣡हन्ता
हो꣡ता यक्षत् प्रत्नो꣡ अध्रु꣡ग् यु꣡वाना

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
járamāṇasya ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

mánma ← mánman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

návyasaḥ ← návyas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

bhūṣataḥ ← √bhūṣ- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)
{}

yuyujānásaptī ← yuyujānásapti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

íṣam ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pŕ̥kṣam ← pŕ̥kṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

śúbham ← śúbh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ū́rjam ← ū́rj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

váhantā ← √vah- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

adhrúk ← adrúh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

hótā ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pratnáḥ ← pratná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yakṣat ← √yaj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

yúvānā ← yúvan- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

ता । नव्य॑सः । जर॑माणस्य । मन्म॑ । उप॑ । भू॒ष॒तः॒ । यु॒यु॒जा॒नस॑प्ती॒ इति॑ यु॒यु॒जा॒नऽस॑प्ती ।
शुभ॑म् । पृक्ष॑म् । इष॑म् । ऊर्ज॑म् । वह॑न्ता । होता॑ । य॒क्ष॒त् । प्र॒त्नः । अ॒ध्रुक् । युवा॑ना ॥

• tā ← tad
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• navyaso ← navyasaḥ ← navyas
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “new.”

• jaramāṇasya ← jṛ
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “sing.”

• manmopa ← manmā ← manman
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “hymn; idea; purpose.”

• manmopa ← upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• bhūṣato ← bhūṣataḥ ← bhūṣ
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “endeavor; attend; strive.”

• yuyujānasaptī ← yuyujāna ← yuj
• [verb noun]
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• yuyujānasaptī ← saptī ← sapti
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “horse.”

• śubham ← śubh
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• pṛkṣam ← pṛkṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “food; refreshment; power.”

• iṣam ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• ūrjaṃ ← ūrjam ← ūrj
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

• vahantā ← vah
• [verb noun], accusative, dual
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• hotā ← hotṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Hotṛ.”

• yakṣat ← yaj
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

• pratno ← pratnaḥ ← pratna
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “age-old; pratna [word].”

• adhrug ← adhruk ← adruh
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friendly; benign.”

• yuvānā ← yuvan
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “young; youthful.”

ता तावश्विनौ युयुजानसप्ती रथे युज्यमानाश्वौ शुभं शोभनं पृक्षम् अन्नम् । ‘पयः पृक्षः’ इत्यन्ननामसु पाठात् । इषं पुष्टिम् ऊर्जं रसं च वहन्ता वहन्तौ नव्यसः नवतरस्य जरमाणस्य स्तुतिं कुर्वतः मन्म मननीयं स्तोत्रम् उप भूषतः उपगच्छतः । यद्वा । स्तोत्रसमीपे भवतः । किंच युवाना नित्यतरुणौ तौ होता देवानामाह्वाता अध्रुक् अद्रोग्धा प्रियः प्रत्नः पुराणोऽग्निः यक्षत् यजतु ॥

English translation:

“Harnessing their horses, bringing excellent food, nourishment, and strength, they approach (to receive) the adoration of their recent worshipper; and may the benevolent ancient invoker of the gods (Agni) sacrifice to the ever youthful (deities).”

The two attend upon the thoughts of (me), the newer singer, having harnessed their team,
conveying beauty and fortifying power, refreshment and nourishment. The age-old Hotar without deceit shall offer sacrifice to the two youths.

As noted ad vs 1., járamāṇa- here seems to belong to ‘sing’, not ‘awaken’, and therefore may limit the form in 1b as well. Based on 1b huve járamāṇaḥ “singing, I call upon” and 5b ā́vivāse “I seek to attract,” I have supplied a 1st ps.

referent for the genitives here. The bahuvrīhi yuyujāná-saptī ‘having a harnessed team, having a team that has been harnessed’ is unusual in having a middle pf. part. as its first member. (See AiG II.1.43.) The published translation “having harnessed their team,” though it follows both Grassmann and Geldner, is misleading: I do not think it is a bharád-vāja-, codayán-mati type governing cmpd. I would therefore emend to “having a harnessed team,” with the occasional pass. value of the med. pf. to √yuj; see Kümmel (407). However, things may be somewhat more complex. There are four occurrences of this med. part., one nearby in VI.59.5, three in the same metrical position as here (immed. after an opening of 5). All of them are transitive. It is possible that a free phrase like *yuyujānā́sáptī “the two having yoked their teams” became univerbated and reinterpreted, with adjustment of accent and the like. But I do not insist on this.

In d pratnáḥ ‘age-old’ qualifying the priest contrasts with návyas- ‘newer’ in a, qualifying the singer, as well as yúvānā ‘two youths’ in d referring to the Aśvins. The first pair recurs in the next vs., 5b. See comm. there. The “age-old Hotar” is of course Agni.

So ye, when ye have yoked your chariothorses, come to the hymn of the most recent singer.
Our true and ancient Herald Priest shall bring you, the Youthful, bearing splendour, food, and vigour.

Sie warten auf das Gebet des jüngsten Frühbeters, wenn sie ihre Rosse angeschirrt haben. Die Jugendlichen, die Schönheit, Lebenskraft, Labsal, Stärkung mitführen, soll der uralte, nie trügende Hotri verehren.

Mit Rossen fahrend nahn sie eifrig achtsam dem Andachtslied des neuesten der Sänger; Herfahrend Schmuck und Labung, Trank und Speise; euch junge ehr der holde, alte Priester.

Эти двое, запрягшие скакунов, усиливают
Мысль младшего воспевателя.
(Этих) везущих счастье, питание, жертвенную усладу, силу
Двоих юношей пусть почтит древний безобманный хотар!

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर वे कैसे हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो (युयुजानसप्ती) वेग वा आकर्षणयुक्त होनेवाले हैं, वे (युवाना) संयुक्त होनेवाले वायु बिजुली (नव्यसः) अतीव नवीन (जरमाणस्य) प्रशंसा करनेवाले के (मन्म) विज्ञान को (उप, भूषतः) पूर्ण करते हैं वा जो (शुभम्) उदक (पृक्षम्) अन्न (इषम्) इच्छा और (ऊर्जम्) पराक्रम को (वहन्ता) पहुँचानेवालों को (अध्रुक्) किसी से न द्रोह करनेवाला (प्रत्नः) जिसने पहिले विद्या पढ़ी वह (होता) ग्रहण करनेवाला पुरुष (यक्षत्) प्राप्त हो (ता) उनको तुम भी प्राप्त होओ ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो वायु और बिजुली विज्ञान के विषय, घोड़े के समान शीघ्र जानेवाले और सब उत्तम-उत्तम पदार्थों की प्राप्ति करानेवाले हैं, उनसे चाहे हुए कार्य्यों को सिद्ध करो ॥४॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यौ युयुजानसप्ती युवाना नव्यसो जरमाणस्य मन्मोप भूषतो यौ शुभं पृक्षमिषमूर्जं वहन्ताऽध्रुक् प्रत्नो होता यक्षत् ता यूयमपि सङ्गच्छध्वम् ॥४॥

पुनस्तौ कीदृशावित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (नव्यसः) अतिशयेन नवीनस्य (जरमाणस्य) प्रशंसकस्य (मन्म) विज्ञानम् (उप) (भूषतः) अलं कुरुतः (युयुजानसप्ती) युयुजानौ सप्ती वेगाकर्षणौ ययोस्तौ (शुभम्) उदकम्। शुभमित्युदकनाम। (निघं०११.१३) (पृक्षम्) अन्नम् (इषम्) इच्छाम् (ऊर्जम्) पराक्रमम् (वहन्ता) प्रापयन्तौ (होता) आदाता (यक्षत्) सङ्गच्छेत् (प्रत्नः) प्रागधीतविद्यः (अध्रुक्) यः कञ्चन न द्रोग्धि (युवाना) संयोजकौ वायुविद्युतौ ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यौ वायुविद्युतौ विज्ञानविषयावश्व इव सद्यो गन्तारौ सर्वोत्तमपदार्थप्रापकौ वर्त्तेते ताभ्यामिष्टानि कार्याणि साध्नुत ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! वायू व विद्युत विज्ञान अश्वाप्रमाणे शीघ्र गमन करणारे असतात व सर्व उत्तम पदार्थांची प्राप्ती करविणारे असतात. त्यांच्याकडून इच्छित कार्य सिद्ध करा. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ता꣡ वल्गू꣡ दस्रा꣡ पुरुशा꣡कतमा
प्रत्ना꣡ न꣡व्यसा व꣡चसा꣡ विवासे
या꣡ शं꣡सते स्तुवते꣡ श꣡म्भविष्ठा
बभूव꣡तुर् गृणते꣡ चित्र꣡राती

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dasrā́ ← dasrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

puruśā́katamā ← puruśā́katama- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

valgū́ ← valgú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

návyasā ← návyas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

pratnā́ ← pratná- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

vácasā ← vácas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

vivāse ← √vanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED, mood:DES}

śámbhaviṣṭhā ← śámbhaviṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

śáṁsate ← √śaṁs- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

stuvaté ← √stu- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

babhūvátuḥ ← √bhū- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

citrárātī ← citrárāti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

gr̥ṇaté ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ता । व॒ल्गू इति॑ । द॒स्रा । पु॒रु॒शाक॑ऽतमा । प्र॒त्ना । नव्य॑सा । वच॑सा । आ । वि॒वा॒से॒ ।
या । शंस॑ते । स्तु॒व॒ते । शम्ऽभ॑विष्ठा । ब॒भू॒वतुः॑ । गृ॒ण॒ते । चि॒त्ररा॑ती॒ इति॑ चि॒त्रऽरा॑ती ॥

• tā ← tad
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• valgū ← valgu
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “lovely; beautiful; agreeable; fine-looking.”

• dasrā ← dasra
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “fantastic.”

• puruśākatamā ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• puruśākatamā ← śākatamā ← śākatama
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine

• pratnā ← pratna
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “age-old; pratna [word].”

• navyasā ← navyas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “new.”

• vacasā ← vacas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

• vivāse ← vivās ← √van
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “invite; endeavor; try for.”

• yā ← yad
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• śaṃsate ← śaṃs
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “recommend; tell; praise; approve; communicate; recite; commend; bode; name; agree.”

• stuvate ← stu
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• śambhaviṣṭhā ← śambhaviṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine

• babhūvatur ← babhūvatuḥ ← bhū
• [verb], dual, Perfect indicative
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• gṛṇate ← gṛ
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “praise.”

• citrarātī ← citra
• [noun]
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• citrarātī ← rātī ← rāti
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “gift; bounty; favor.”

या यौ शंसते शस्त्रैः स्तुतिं कुर्वते स्तुवते स्तोत्रैः स्तुतिं कुर्वते जनाय शंभविष्ठा अतिशयेन सुखस्य भावयितारौ अतिशयेन सुखस्वरूपौ वा गृणते स्तोत्रशस्त्रव्यतिरिक्तलौकिकस्तुतिभिः स्तुवते च चित्रराती विचित्रदानौ बभूवतुः ता तौ वल्गू वलनशीलौ रुचिरौ वा पुरुशाकतमा अतिशयेन बहुकर्माणौ बहुसहायौ वा प्रत्ना प्रत्नौ पुराणौ। ‘प्रत्नं प्रदिवः’ इति पुराणनामसु पाठात् । दस्रा दर्शनीयौ अश्विनौ नव्यसा नवतरेण वचसा स्तुत्या आ विवासे परिचरामि ॥ ॥१॥

English translation:

“I worship with a new hymn those two quick-moving good-looking ancient (Aśvins), the achievers of many exploits, who are the givers of great felicity to him who prays to (them), or praises (them); the bestowers of wondrous gifts on him who adores (them).”

The two, obliging and skillful, best endowed with many abilities—those age-old ones do I seek to attract here with my newer speech—
those two who become most wealful for the reciter and praiser,
providing bright gifts to the singer.

The stems návyas- ‘newer’ and pratná- ‘age-old’, found at opposite ends of the preceding vs. (a and d), are juxtposed here in the phrase pratnā́návyasā, in case the duller members of the audience had missed the contrastive terminology in 4. But this phrase is doing two other things as well: du. pratnā́refers to the Aśvins, who were, in 4d, identified as yúvānā ‘youths’; and návyasā modifies vácasā, “with a newer speech,” repairing the slightly off phrase in 4a, where it was the singer, not his song, who was newer.

The pf. babhūvátuḥ should not have been rendered as a straight pres. in the published translation I would change to “who have become.” It also forms a slight figure with śámbhaviṣṭhā, which precedes it immediately before the pāda break.

With newest hymn I call those Wonder-Workers, ancient and brilliant, and exceeding mighty,
Bringers of bliss to him who lauds and praises, bestowing varied bounties on the singer.

Die schönen, meisterlichen, vielvermögendsten uralten Asvin bitte ich mit neuester Rede her, die dem Vortragenden und Lobsingenden am meisten gewogen sind und dem Preisenden blinkende Gaben bringen.

Die schönen, hehren, die an Kräften reichsten, die alten ehr’ ich mit dem neusten Liede, Die hülfreich stets dem Dichter, der sie rühmte, dem Sänger reich an schönen Gaben waren.

Этих двоих милых, чудесных, самых всемогущих
Древних (Ашвинов) я хочу привлечь к себе речью поновее,
(Тех.) которые больше всего благоволят к произносящему, восхваляющему,
Воспевающему, несут (ему) самые яркие дары.

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर वे कैसे हैं, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे मैं (या) जो (वल्गू) अत्युत्तम (दस्रा) दुःख को नष्ट करनेवाले (प्रत्ना) प्राचीन (नव्यसा) अत्यन्त नवीन (वचसा) परिभाषण करने योग्य (पुरुशाकतमा) अतीव सामर्थ्यवाले (चित्रराती) जिनसे अद्भुत दान होता वे (शंसते) प्रशंसा करनेवाले (स्तुवते) वा प्रशंसा पाये हुए वा (गृणते) सत्य उपदेश करनेवाले के लिये (शम्भविष्ठा) अतीव सुख की भावना करानेवाले (बभूवतुः) होते हैं (ता) उनकी (आ, विवासे) सेवा करता हूँ, वैसे उनकी तुम भी सेवा करो ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। हे मनुष्यो ! जो वायु और बिजुली कारणरूप से सनातन और कार्यरूप से नूतन, बहुत शक्तिमान्, वेगादि गुणयुक्त, कल्याणकारी वर्त्तमान हैं, उनको यथावत् जानो ॥५॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यथाहं या वल्गू दस्रा प्रत्ना नव्यसा वचसा पुरुशाकतमा चित्रराती शंसते स्तुवते गृणते शम्भविष्ठा बभूवतुस्ताऽऽविवासे तथैतो यूयमपि सेवध्वम् ॥५॥

पुनस्तौ कीदृशावित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (वल्गू) अत्युत्तमौ (दस्रा) दुःखोपक्षयितारौ (पुरुशाकतमा) अतिशयेन बहुशक्तिमन्तौ (प्रत्ना) प्राचीनौ (नव्यसा) अतिशयेन नवीनौ (वचसा) परिभाषणीयौ (आ) (विवासे) सेवे (या) यौ (शंसते) प्रशंसकाय (स्तुवते) प्रशंसिताय। अत्र कृद्बहुलमिति कर्मणि कृत् (शम्भविष्ठा) अतिशयेन सुखंभावुकौ (बभूवतुः) भवतः (गृणते) सत्योपदेशकाय (चित्रराती) चित्राऽद्भुता रातिर्दानं याभ्यां तौ ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः। हे मनुष्या ! यौ वायुविद्युतौ कारणरूपेण सनातनौ कार्यरूपेण नूतनौ बहुशक्तिमन्तौ वेगादिगुणयुक्तौ वायुविद्युतौ कल्याणकारिणौ वर्त्तेते तौ यथावद्विजानीत ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. हे माणसांनो ! जे वायू व विद्युत कारणरूपाने सनातन व कार्यरूपाने नूतन, अत्यंत शक्तिमान, वेग इत्यादी गुणयुक्त, कल्याणकारी आहेत त्यांना यथावत जाणा. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ता꣡ भुज्युं꣡ वि꣡भिर् अद्भियः꣡ समुद्रा꣡त्
तु꣡ग्रस्य सूनु꣡म् ऊहथू र꣡जोभिः
अरेणु꣡भिर् यो꣡जनेभिर् भुज꣡न्ता
पतत्रि꣡भिर् अ꣡र्णसो नि꣡र् उप꣡स्थात्

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
adbhyáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:PL}

bhujyúm ← bhujyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

samudrā́t ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

víbhiḥ ← ví- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

rájobhiḥ ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

sūnúm ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

túgrasya ← túgra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ūhathuḥ ← √vah- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

areṇúbhiḥ ← areṇú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

bhujántā ← √bhuj- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yójanebhiḥ ← yójana- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

árṇasaḥ ← árṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

nís ← nís (invariable)
{}

patatríbhiḥ ← patatrín- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

upásthāt ← upástha- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

ता । भु॒ज्युम् । विऽभिः॑ । अ॒त्ऽभ्यः । स॒मु॒द्रात् । तुग्र॑स्य । सू॒नुम् । ऊ॒ह॒थुः॒ । रजः॑ऽभिः ।
अ॒रे॒णुऽभिः॑ । योज॑नेभिः । भु॒जन्ता॑ । प॒त॒त्रिऽभिः॑ । अर्ण॑सः । निः । उ॒पऽस्था॑त् ॥

• tā ← tad
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• bhujyuṃ ← bhujyum ← bhujyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Bhujyu.”

• vibhir ← vibhiḥ ← vi
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “vi; bird; vi.”

• adbhyaḥ ← ap
• [noun], ablative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• samudrāt ← samudra
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• tugrasya ← tugra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Tugra; tugra [word].”

• sūnum ← sūnu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “son; offspring.”

• ūhathū ← ūhathuḥ ← vah
• [verb], dual, Perfect indicative
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• rajobhiḥ ← rajas
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• areṇubhir ← areṇubhiḥ ← areṇu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “clean.”

• yojanebhir ← yojanebhiḥ ← yojana
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “yojana; use; yojana [word]; team.”

• bhujantā ← bhuj
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “eat; enjoy; consume; eat; love; burn; run down; enjoy; live on.”

• patatribhir ← patatribhiḥ ← patatrin
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “flying; winged.”

• arṇaso ← arṇasaḥ ← arṇas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “body of water; water.”

• nir ← niḥ
• [adverb]
• “niḥ; away; out; without.”

• upasthāt ← upastha
• [noun], ablative, singular, neuter
• “genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”

ता तावश्विनौ युवां तुग्रस्य सूनुं भुज्युं भुज्युनामकं समुद्रमध्ये भग्ननावं भुजन्ता रक्षन्तौ अरेणुभिः रेणुरहितैः आन्तरिक्षैः रजोभिः मार्गैः योजनेभिः रथयुक्तैः पतत्रिभिः पतनवद्भिः विभिः अश्वैः अर्णसः जलस्य उपस्थात् योनेः समुद्रात् अद्भ्यः नि: ऊहथुः निरगमयतम् । समुद्रादद्भ्य इति प्रयोगो मातुर्ग्रहाद्गच्छतीतिवत् ॥

English translation:

“They bore up from te waters, from the ocean, by the winged horses attached to their car, (passing) by roads unsoiled by dust, Bhujyu, the son of Tugra; they (bore them) from out of the lap of the water.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Arṇaso nirupasthāt, from the womb of the water, jalasya yoneḥ samudrād abhyo nir agamayatam

You two with your birds conveyed Bhujyu, the son of Tugra, from the waters, from the sea, through the airy realms,
through dustless treks, bending (him) away from the lap of the flood with your winged ones.

As noted ad vs. 3, I would prefer not to have the 3rd ps. prn. tā́serving as a subject of an indicative 2nd ps. verb (pf. ūhathuḥ), but the repetitive tā́pattern may have imposed it here.

The adj. areṇú- ‘dustless’ (8x) twice qualifies ‘paths’ (I.35.11, 163.6); the latter of these passages is in the instr. pl. as here. This suggests that yójanebhiḥ ‘treks’ is used here as a near synonym for ‘paths’.

Geldner takes bhujántā to √bhuj ‘benefit, enjoy à utilize’ (benutzen), but better, with Grassmann, Renou, Lubotsky, to √bhuj ‘bend’. In any case this participle is clearly meant to echo the name Bhujyu.

So ye, with birds, out of the sea and waters bore Bhujyu, son of Tugra, through the regions.
Speeding with winged steeds through dustless spaces, out of the bosom of the flood they bore him.

Ihr fuhret des Tugra Sohn, den Bhujyu, mit euren Vogelrossen aus dem Wasser, dem Meere durch die Lüfte, die staublosen Wegestrecken benutzend, mit den geflügelten aus dem Schoße der Flut.

Ihr fuhrt den Budschju aus des Meeres Fluten, des Tugra Sohn mit Vögeln durch die Lüfte, Die unbestäubten, mit den Flügelrossen, heraus ihm helfend aus dem Schooss der Meerflut.

Вы оба Бхуджью, сына Тугры, вывезли
На птицах из вод, из океана, по воздушным просторам,
Пользуясь путями, лишенными пыли,
На крылатых (конях) из недр пучины.

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उनसे क्या सिद्ध होता है, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वानो ! जो बिजुली और वायु (विभिः) पक्षियों के समान (अद्भ्यः) जलों वा (समुद्रात्) सागर वा अन्तरिक्ष वा (अर्णसः) जल के (उपस्थात्) समीप स्थित होनेवाले से (पतत्रिभिः) गमनशीलों के समान (अरेणुभिः) रज जिनमें नहीं उन (योजनेभिः) अनेक योजनों से युक्त (रजोभिः) ऐश्वर्यप्रद मार्गों से (तुग्रस्य) बलिष्ठ (सूनुम्) सन्तान के समान वर्त्तमान को (नि, ऊहथुः) निरन्तर पहुँचाते और (भुजन्ता) पालना करनेवाले (भुज्युम्) भागेने योग्य आनन्द की पालना करते हैं (ता) उनको तुम जानो ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। हे मनुष्यो ! जो बिजुली और वायु विमान आदि यानों को अन्तरिक्ष में पक्षियों के समान चलानेवाले वेग से पहुँचाते हैं, उनको समीपस्थ कर अभीष्ट सुखों को प्राप्त होओ ॥६॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो ! यौ विद्युत्पवनौ विभिरिवाद्भ्यः समुद्रादर्णस उपस्थात् पतत्रिभिरिवारेणुभिर्योजनेभी रजोभिस्तुग्रस्य सूनुं निरूहथुर्भुजन्ता भुज्युं पालयतस्ता यूयं विजानीत ॥६॥

पुनस्ताभ्यां किं सिध्यतीत्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ता) तौ (भुज्युम्) भोक्तुं योग्यमानन्दम् (विभिः) पक्षिभिरिव (अद्भ्यः) उदकेभ्यः (समुद्रात्) सागरादन्तरिक्षाद्वा (तुग्रस्य) बलिष्ठस्य (सूनुम्) अपत्यमिव वर्त्तमानम् (ऊहथुः) प्रापयतः। अत्र पुरुषव्यत्ययः (रजोभिः) ऐश्वर्यप्रदैर्मार्गैः (अरेणुभिः) अविद्यमाना रेणवो वालुका येषु तैः (योजनेभिः) अनेकैर्योजनैर्युक्तैः (भुजन्ता) पालकौ (पतत्रिभिः) गमनशीलैः (अर्णसः) उदकस्य (निः) नितराम् (उपस्थात्) यः समीपे तिष्ठति तस्मात् ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः। हे मनुष्या ! यौ विद्युत्पवनौ विमानादीनि यानान्यन्तरिक्षे पक्षिवद्गमयितारौ वेगेन वहतस्तावुपस्थाप्याभीष्टानि सुखानि प्राप्नुवन्तु ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. हे माणसांनो ! जे विद्युत व वायू विमान इत्यादी यानात अंतरिक्षामध्ये पक्ष्याप्रमाणे वेगाने पोहोचवितात त्यांच्याद्वारे अभीष्ट सुख प्राप्त करा. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

वि꣡ जयु꣡षा रथिया यातम् अ꣡द्रिं
श्रुतं꣡ ह꣡वं वृषणा वध्रिमत्याः꣡
दशस्य꣡न्ता शय꣡वे पिप्यथुर् गा꣡म्
इ꣡ति च्यवाना सुमति꣡म् भुरण्यू

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ádrim ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

jayúṣā ← jayúṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

rathyā ← rathī́- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

yātam ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

hávam ← háva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śrutám ← √śru- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

vadhrimatyā́ḥ ← vadhrimatī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

vr̥ṣaṇā ← vŕ̥ṣan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

daśasyántā ← √daśasy- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gā́m ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

pipyathuḥ ← √pī- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

śayáve ← śayú- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

bhuraṇyū ← bhuraṇyú- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

cyavānā ← √cyu- (root)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

íti ← íti (invariable)
{}

sumatím ← sumatí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

वि । ज॒युषा॑ । र॒थ्या॒ । या॒त॒म् । अद्रि॑म् । श्रु॒तम् । हव॑म् । वृ॒ष॒णा॒ । व॒ध्रि॒ऽम॒त्याः ।
द॒श॒स्यन्ता॑ । श॒यवे॑ । पि॒प्य॒थुः॒ । गाम् । इति॑ । च्य॒वा॒ना॒ । सु॒ऽम॒तिम् । भु॒र॒ण्यू॒ इति॑ ॥

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• jayuṣā ← jayus
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• rathyā ← rathī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• yātam ← yā
• [verb], dual, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• adriṃ ← adrim ← adri
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

• śrutaṃ ← śrutam ← śru
• [verb], dual, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• havaṃ ← havam ← hava
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “invocation.”

• vṛṣaṇā ← vṛṣan
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

• vadhrimatyāḥ ← vadhrimatī
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine

• daśasyantā ← daśasy
• [verb noun], nominative, dual

• śayave ← śayu
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine

• pipyathur ← pipyathuḥ ← pyā
• [verb], dual, Perfect indicative
• “swell; abound; swell.”

• gām ← go
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• iti
• [adverb]
• “thus; so; iti [word].”

• cyavānā ← cyavāna
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine

• sumatim ← sumati
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “benevolence; favor; Sumati.”

• bhuraṇyū ← bhuraṇyu
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine

रथ्या हे रथारूढावश्विनौ जयुषा जयशीलेन रथेन अद्रिं मार्गे स्थितं पर्वतं वि यातं व्यबाधेथाम् । यातिरत्र वधकर्मा । तथा च निगमान्तरं – विभिन्दुना नासत्या रथेन वि पर्वताँ अजरयू अयातम्’ (ऋ. सं. १. ११६. २०) इति । वृषणा कामानां वर्षितारौ वध्रिमत्याः पुत्रार्थिन्याः हवम् आह्वानं श्रुतं शृणुतम् । दशस्यन्ता स्तोतृभ्यः कामान् प्रयच्छन्तौ शयवे युवां स्तुवते गां निवृत्तप्रसवां पिप्यथुः क्षीरेणाप्याययतम् । तथा च निगमान्तरं - ‘शयवे चिन्नासत्या शचीभिर्जसुरये स्तर्यं पिप्यथुर्गाम्’ (ऋ. सं. १.११६.२२) इति । इति इत्थं सुमतिं सुष्टुतिं च्यवाना गच्छन्तौ भुरण्यू सर्वत्र गन्तारौ यज्ञस्य भर्तारौ वा भवतम् ॥

English translation:

“Riders in your car, you have penetrated the mountain by your triumphant chariot; showerers (of benefits) you heard the invocation of Vadhrimatī; you have nourished, bountiful givers, the cow of Śayu– and in this manner displaying benevolence are you everywhere present.”

With your victorious (chariot), you charioteers drove through the rock; you harkened to the call of Vadhrīmatī, o bulls.
Showing favor to Śayu, you made his cow swell. Thus (did you show) your benevolence, you stirring and bustling ones.

In d I take íti as a summarizing device, indicating that the three exploits sketched in abc are examples of the Aśvins’ sumatí-. With Geldner I see no choice but to supply a verb like ‘you showed’ to govern the acc. sumatím.

As is clear to all, cyávānā is at the least a play on the name Cyavāna (same accent), another client of the Aśvins.

Victors, car-borne, ye rent the rock asunder: Bulls, heard the calling of the eunuch’s consort.
Bounteous, ye filled the cow with milk for Sayu: thus, swift and zealous Ones, ye showed your favour.

Mit dem siegreichen Wagen fuhret ihr Wagenlenker durch den Fels; ihr Bullen erhörtet den Ruf der Vadhrimati. Dem Sayu wart ihr gefällig und habt seine Kuh milchreich gemacht. Also erwieset ihr euer Wohlwollen, ihr Cyavana´s, ihr Eilige.

Siegreich durchdringt den Fels ihr, Wagenlenker, vernahmt der Vadhrimati Ruf, ihr Helden, Zu Lieb’ dem Çaju liesst die Kuh ihr schwellen, so eure Gunst erweisend, o ihr regen.

На победной (колеснице), о двое колесничих, вы проехали сквозь скалу.
Вы услышали зов Вадхримати, о два быка.
Оказывая милость Шаю, вы сделали набухшей (от молока его) корову.
Так, о двое подвижных, деятельных, (вы проявили) благожелательность.

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उनसे क्या होता है, इस विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अध्यापक और उपदेशक सज्जनो ! (वध्रिमत्याः) जिसमें बहुत वर्धन विद्यमान उस भूमि वा अन्तरिक्ष के बीच (जयुषा) जयशील (रथ्या) रथ के लिये हितकारी (वृषणा) वर्षा तथा (दशस्यन्ता) बल करानेवाले (अद्रिम्) मेघ को (वि, यातम्) विशेषता से प्राप्त होते हैं और (सुमतिम्) सुन्दर मति को (च्यवाना) शीघ्र जानेवाले (भुरण्यू) पालना वा धारणकर्त्ता (गाम्) वाणी को (इति) इस प्रकार से (शयवे) सोने के लिये (पिप्यथुः) बढ़ाते हैं, उनके (हवम्) विद्या विषयक शब्द को तुम (श्रुतम्) सुनो ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो विमान आदि को चलाने वा सङ्ग्राम में जय कराने वा प्रज्ञा और बल के देने, वर्षा करनेवाले तथा सोने जागने और वाणी के हेतु हैं, उनको जान कार्य्यसिद्धि के लिये अच्छे प्रकार प्रयोग करो ॥७॥

अन्वय: हे अध्यापकोपदेशकौ ! वध्रिमत्या भूमेर्मध्ये जयुषा रथ्या वृषणा दशस्यन्ताऽद्रिं वि यातं सुमतिं च्यवाना भुरण्यू गामिति शयवे पिप्यथुस्तयोर्हवं युवां श्रुतम् ॥७॥

पुनस्ताभ्यां किं भवतीत्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वि) (जयुषा) जयशीलौ (रथ्या) रथाय हितौ (यातम्) यातः। अत्र व्यत्ययः (अद्रिम्) मेघम् (श्रुतम्) अशृणुतम् (हवम्) विद्याविषयं शब्दम् (वृषणा) वर्षयितारौ (वध्रिमत्याः) बहवो वध्रयो वर्धनानि विद्यन्ते यस्यां तस्या भूमेरन्तरिक्षस्य वा (दशस्यन्ता) बलयन्तौ (शयवे) शयनाय (पिप्यथुः) वर्धयतः (गाम्) वाचम् (इति) अनेन प्रकारेण (च्यवाना) सद्यो गन्तारौ (सुमतिम्) शोभनां प्रज्ञाम् (भुरण्यू) पोषयितारौ धारकौ वा ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यौ विमानादिगमयितारौ सङ्ग्रामे जयकारिणौ प्रज्ञाबलप्रदौ वृष्टिकरौ शयनजागरणवाग्घेतू वर्त्तेते तौ बुद्ध्वा कार्यसिद्धये सम्प्रयुङ्ध्वम् ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जे विमान इत्यादी चालविणे, युद्धात जय करविणे, बुद्धी व बल देणे, वृष्टी करणे, निद्रा, जागरण व वाणी यांचे हेतू आहेत त्यांना जाणून कार्यसिद्धीसाठी चांगला प्रयोग करा. ॥ ७ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

य꣡द् रोदसी प्रदि꣡वो अ꣡स्ति भू꣡मा
हे꣡ळो देवा꣡नाम् उत꣡ मर्तियत्रा꣡
त꣡द् आदित्या वसवो रुद्रियासो
रक्षोयु꣡जे त꣡पुर् अघं꣡ दधात

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ásti ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

bhū́ma ← bhū́man- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pradívaḥ ← pradív- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

rodasī ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:F, number:DU}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

devā́nām ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

héḷaḥ ← héḷas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

martyatrā́ ← martyatrā́ (invariable)
{}

utá ← utá (invariable)
{}

ādityāḥ ← ādityá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

rudriyāsaḥ ← rudríya- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

vasavaḥ ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

aghám ← aghá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dadhāta ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rakṣoyúje ← rakṣoyúj- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

tápuḥ ← tápus- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

यत् । रो॒द॒सी॒ इति॑ । प्र॒ऽदिवः॑ । अस्ति॑ । भूम॑ । हेळः॑ । दे॒वाना॑म् । उ॒त । म॒र्त्य॒ऽत्रा ।
तत् । आ॒दि॒त्याः॒ । व॒स॒वः॒ । रु॒द्रि॒या॒सः॒ । र॒क्षः॒ऽयुजे॑ । तपुः॑ । अ॒घम् । द॒धा॒त॒ ॥

• yad ← yat ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• rodasī ← rodas
• [noun], vocative, dual, neuter
• “heaven and earth; Earth.”

• pradivo ← pradivaḥ ← pradiv
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “age-old; long.”

• asti ← as
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• bhūmā ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• heﾱo ← heﾱaḥ ← heḍas
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “wrath.”

• devānām ← deva
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• martyatrā
• [adverb]

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ādityā ← ādityāḥ ← āditya
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “sun; Aditya; Surya; āditya [word].”

• vasavo ← vasavaḥ ← vasu
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Vasu; Vasu; eight; vas; audbhida; Deva; sun; pāṃśuja; Agni.”

• rudriyāso ← rudriyāsaḥ ← rudriya
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut.”

• rakṣoyuje ← rakṣaḥ ← rakṣas
• [noun], neuter
• “Rākṣasa; Rakṣas; rakṣas [word].”

• rakṣoyuje ← yuje ← yuj
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”

• tapur ← tapuḥ ← tapus
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “heat.”

• aghaṃ ← agham ← agha
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “bad; dangerous; ill; iniquitous; bad.”

• dadhāta ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

रोदसी हे द्यावापृथिव्यौ हे आदित्या: हे वसवः रुद्रियासः हे रुद्रपुत्रा मरुतः मर्त्यत्रा मर्त्येषु अश्विनोः परिचारकेषु देवानां यत् हेळ: क्रोधः भूम महान् अस्ति तत् हेळ: तपुः तापकं रक्षोयुजे रक्षोभिर्युक्ताय रक्षसां स्वामिने प्रेरकाय वा अघम् आहन्तृ दधात कुरुत । अथवा रक्षोयुजे रक्षोभिर्युक्ताय यज्वने अघमाहन्तृ कुरुत ॥

English translation:

“Heaven and Earth, Ādiyas, Vasus, Maruts, rende that dread ange of the gods which (has) of old (been directed) against mortals, destructive and fatal to him who is associated with the rākṣasas.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Rakṣoyuje = rākṣasam svāmine prerakāya vā; rakso.obhir yuktāya yajvane, one who sacrifices, assisted or joined by the rākṣasas

O world-halves, the anger of gods and among mortals that exists from of old on earth,
direct that evil heat at the yokemate of demons, o Ādityas, Vasus, and Rudriyas.

The grammatical identity of bhū́mā (Pp. bhū́ma) is disputed. Geldner considers it to belong to a (hapax) adj. stem *bhū́man- derived from bhūmán- ‘abundance’, used adverbially (“reichlich”). This does not seem to have much to recommend it. More appealing is to make it somehow related to a word for ‘earth’. Renou tries an instr. of bhū́man- ‘earth’, but not with much conviction. Oldenberg rehearses – mostly to firmly reject – other possibilities, incl. the one that I favor: that it is the loc. of bhū́mi-. He objects that we should expect (and do indeed get) bhū́myām to this fem. stem, but at this period I don’t think this would be necessary for a fem. short-i-stem. His other object is more cogent, that to a short-i-stem we would expect bhū́mau pāda-final. I don’t have a clinching arg. against this, but would point out that there is some variation in these patterns. And this pāda seems to be playing with the heaven / earth distinction by other means: we first have the two world halves (rodasī), followed by (pra-)dívaḥ … bhū́mā, which distantly evokes dyā́vā-bhū́mī. The off-balance pairing is matched by the off-balance pairing of gods and mortals discussed immediately below.

The conjoined NP devā́nām utá martyatrā́“of gods and among mortals” shows the familiar god / mortal opposition, but what Klein (DGRV I.311-12) calls “a peculiar absence of morphological parallelism.” It is tempting to make it mean “the anger of the gods towards mortals,” but I think utá is there precisely to block that reading, pace Scarlatta (429) “Den Groll der Götter … der auch auf die Sterblichen gerichtet …ist.”

Whate’er from olden time, Heaven, Earth! existeth great object of the wrath of Gods and mortals,
Make that, Adityas, Vasus, sons of Rudra, an evil brand to one allied with demons.

Den Groll der Götter und bei den Sterblichen, der seit lange reichlich vorhanden ist, o Himmel und Erde, den machet, o Aditya´s, Vasu´s, Rudasöhne, zur bösen Glut für den, der mit dem Unhold verbündet ist.

Welch Zorn der Götter, o ihr Welten beide, von Alters her auf der Erde ruht und auf den Menschen, den werfet, o Aditja’s, Vasu’s, Rudra’s, auf den Gefährten der Nachtgeister, die heisse Plage.

(Тот) гнев богов и (тот, что) среди смертных,
Который, о две половины вселенной, от века существует на земле,
Его, о Адитьи, Васу, сыновья Рудры,
Превратите в злую головню для того, кто связан с ракшасом!

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्य क्या धारण करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (वसवः) पृथिवी आदि (रुद्रियासः) प्राण वा जीव वा (आदित्याः) काल के अवयवों के समान प्रथम मध्यम और उत्तम विद्वानो ! तुम (यत्) जो (प्रदिवः) उत्तम प्रकाश के वा (देवानाम्) विद्वानों के सम्बन्ध में (उत) और (मर्त्यत्रा) मनुष्यों में (भूमा) व्यापक (हेळः) अनादर (रोदसी) द्यावापृथिवी को प्राप्त (अस्ति) है और जैसे उक्त प्रकार के विद्वान् जन (तत्) उसको (दधात) धारण करते हैं, वैसे (रक्षोयुजे) दुष्टों के युक्त करनेवाले के लिये (तपुः) सन्ताप और (अघम्) अपराध को धारण करो ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो ब्रह्म सर्वत्र व्याप्त, सब को धारण करने वा सब का नियम करनेवाला है, उसको धारण कर और अच्छे प्रकार ध्यान कर सुखी होओ और जो ऐसा नहीं करता है, उस पर कठोर दण्ड धरो ॥८॥

अन्वय: हे वसवो रुद्रियास आदित्याः प्रथममध्यमोत्तमा विद्वांसो ! यूयं यत्प्रदिवो देवानामुत मर्त्यत्रा भूमा हेळो रोदसी प्राप्तोऽस्ति यथा वसवो रुद्रियास आदित्यास्तद्दधात तथा रक्षोयुजे तपुरघं दधात ॥८॥

पुनर्मनुष्याः किं धरेयुरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्) यः (रोदसी) द्यावापृथिव्यौ (प्रदिवः) प्रकृष्टप्रकाशस्य (अस्ति) (भूमा) व्यापकः (हेळः) अनादरः (देवानाम्) विदुषाम् (उत) (मर्त्यत्रा) मर्त्येषु मनुष्येषु (तत्) (आदित्याः) कालावयवाः (वसवः) पृथिव्यादयः (रुद्रियासः) प्राणा जीवाश्च (रक्षोयुजे) यो रक्षांसि दुष्टान् मनुष्यान् युनक्ति तस्मै (तपुः) सन्तापम् (अघम्) अपराधम् (दधात) धरन्ति ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यद्ब्रह्म सर्वत्र व्याप्तं सर्वधर्तृ सर्वनियन्तृ वर्त्तते तद्धृत्वा सन्ध्याय सुखयत यश्चैवं न करोति तदुपरि कठोरं दण्डं धत्त ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जो ब्रह्म सर्वत्र व्याप्त असून सर्वांना धारण करणारा व सर्वांसाठी नियम बनविणारा आहे त्याला धारण करून चांगल्या प्रकारे ध्यान करा व सुखी व्हा. जो असे वागत नाही त्याला कठोर दंड द्या. ॥ ८ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

य꣡ ईं रा꣡जानाव् ऋतुथा꣡ विद꣡धद्
र꣡जसो मित्रो꣡ व꣡रुणश् चि꣡केतत्
गम्भीरा꣡य र꣡क्षसे हेति꣡म् अस्य
द्रो꣡घाय चिद् व꣡चस आ꣡नवाय

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

rā́jānau ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

r̥tuthā́ ← r̥tuthā́ (invariable)
{}

vidádhat ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

cíketat ← √cit- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

mitráḥ ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rájasaḥ ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

váruṇaḥ ← váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

gambhīrā́ya ← gambhīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

hetím ← hetí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

rákṣase ← rákṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́navāya ← ā́nava- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)
{}

dróghāya ← drógha- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vácase ← vácas- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

यः । ई॒म् । राजा॑नौ । ऋ॒तु॒ऽथा । वि॒ऽदध॑त् । रज॑सः । मि॒त्रः । वरु॑णः । चिके॑तत् ।
ग॒म्भी॒राय॑ । रक्ष॑से । हे॒तिम् । अ॒स्य॒ । द्रोघा॑य । चि॒त् । वच॑से । आन॑वाय ॥

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• rājānāv ← rājānau ← rājan
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• ṛtuthā
• [adverb]
• “seasonably.”

• vidadhad ← vidadhat ← vidhā ← √dhā
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “produce; perform; administer; cause; shape; use; make; dig; describe; construct; teach; bore; fill into; prepare; ignite; regulate; add; arrange; create; dress; inject; process; think of; order; name; breed; raise; write; produce; grant; appoint; do; put on.”

• rajaso ← rajasaḥ ← rajas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• mitro ← mitraḥ ← mitra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

• varuṇaś ← varuṇaḥ ← varuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

• ciketat ← cit
• [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
• “notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

• gambhīrāya ← gambhīra
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “deep; bass; complex; profound; complicated; intense; gambhīra [word]; hidden.”

• rakṣase ← rakṣas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “Rākṣasa; Rakṣas; rakṣas [word].”

• hetim ← heti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “projectile; heti [word].”

• asya ← as
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “shoot; remove.”

• droghāya ← drogha
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “deceitful.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• vacasa ← vacase ← vacas
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

• ānavāya ← ānava
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter

यः नरः रजसः समस्तस्य लोकस्य । ‘लोका रजांस्युच्यन्ते’ इति यास्केनोक्तत्वात् । राजानौ ईम् एतौ अश्विनौ ऋतुथा काले काले विदधत् परिचरति तं मित्रो वरुणः च चिकेतत् जानीयात् । मित्रवरुणप्रभृतयो" देवा एनं विदुरित्यर्थः । किंचायं परिचारकः गम्भीराय महाबलाय रक्षसे राक्षसाय हेतिं घातकमायुधम् अस्य अस्यति । क्षिपति । प्रथमपुरुषस्य मध्यमपुरुषेण व्यत्ययः । द्रोघाय अभिद्रोहात्मकाय आनवाय मनुष्यसंबन्धिने वचसे चित् वचनायैव हेतिमस्यति । मनुष्याणामभिद्रोहाय एनम् आस्कन्दतीति ॥

English translation:

“Mitra and Varuṇa recognize him who of all the world worships the royal (Aśvins) in due season; he hurls his weapon against the strong rākṣasa, against the malignant menaces of man.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Droghāya cid vacase ānavāya = abhidrohātmakāya manuṣyasambhandine vacanāya eva

Which (one of) the two kings, Mitra or Varuṇa, will keep watch over the airy realm, regulating it according to the proper sequence—
hurl your missile at the deep-embedded demonic power and also at the deceitful speech of the Anu people.

As noted in the published introduction, the syntax of this vs. is unregulated. However, the sense is quite clear. The first hemistich consists of a rel. clause, whose rel. prn.

and finite verb are both in the 3rd sg.: yáḥ … cíketat “who will keep watch”; it also contains another verbal form, vidádhat, which I take, with Geldner and Oldenberg, as a pres.

part. nom. sg. m. to the redupl. pres. of √dhā, but which could be, as Oldenberg points out, a short-vowel subjunctive (so, “… will regulate … and will keep watch”). (Nothing rides on the choice.) But this happy singular environment is interrupted by a dual nom./acc. (which must be nom. in this case) rā́jānau “two kings,” which is further specified by the two nom. singulars mitró váruṇaḥ. The sense is clearly “which one (of) the two kings, M (or) V …,” but this is not what it says: “which one, the two kings, Mitra, Varuṇa, will keep watch,” leaving the audience to choose what subject, in what number, it prefers.

I take rájasaḥ as the gen. obj. of cíketat (so also Oldenberg), in the usual syntactic pattern of verbs of perception, which can take acc. or gen. complements. By contrast, Geldner has it dependent on rā́jānāu, but, as Renou points out, the two are rather distant, and further I know of no other passages in which rájas- is construed with rā́jan-, although that expression would be appealingly alliterative – though it is true that M+V are called dhartā́rā rájasaḥ “upholders of the space” in V.69.4.

The second hemistich has no direct syntactic connection to the first, though again it is quite clear what is meant. It contains a 2nd sg. impv. asya ‘hurl’, which must be addressed to the referent of the rel. prn. in ab – that is, either Mitra or Varuṇa. Although it is common to change person reference even within RVic vss., it is somewhat unusual to do so in this kind of syntagm. In d Renou calls the phrase dróghāya cid vácase a bahuvrīhi “défait,” for *droghavacas- [he gives no accent], like drogha-vā́c-. Judging from his tr. “auf den gar verlogenen Anuiden,” Geldner seems to agree. But this seems unnec.; the dative targets of the missile in c and d are both s-stem abstracts, rákṣas- ‘demonic power’ and vácas- ‘speech’ respectively. I see no reason to try to manipulate the target in d to be personal. Scarlatta (469) interpr. as I do.

May he who knows, as Varuna and Mitra, air’s realm, appointing both the Kings in season,
Against the secret fiend cast forth his weapon, against the lying words that strangers utter.

Wer auch von euch beiden, Mitra oder Varuna, - die beiden Könige des Luftreiches - ihn entdeckt, je zu seiner Zeit schaltend, wirf du das Geschoß nach dem versteckten Unhold, auf den gar verlorenen Anuiden.

Wer zu den rechten Zeiten sie [Mitra und Varuna] als die beiden Könige bedient (?) – – Auf den Luftraum achte Mitra und Varuna (?) – – Schleudre [o Rudra] deine Lanze auf das tiefe Nachtgespenst, auf jede trügerische menschliche Rede.

Кто правит в соответствии с порядком, (а именно,) два царя:
Митра (или) Варуна, (и) озирает воздушный простор -
Пусть швырнет он дротик в затаившегося в глубине ракшаса,
В потомка Ану с совсем лживой речью!

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर वह क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वानो ! (यः) जो (मित्रः) मित्र वा (वरुणः) शमादिगुण युक्त जन (गम्भीराय) गम्भीर (आनवाय) सब ओर से नवीन (वचसे) वचन के लिये (चित्) और (द्रोघाय) द्रोह तथा (रक्षसे) दुष्ट आचरणवाले के लिये (अस्य) इसके ऊपर (हेतिम्) वज्र को (रजसः) और लोकजात के (ऋतुथा) ऋतुओं से (राजानौ) प्रकाशमान सूर्य और चन्द्रमा के तुल्य सभासेनापति को (विदधत्) विधान करता हुआ (ईम्) सब ओर से (चिकेतत्) जानता है, उसको तुम उत्साह देओ ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जैसे सूर्य्य चन्द्रमा ऋतुओं को बाँट और अन्धकार निवारण कर जगत् को सुखी करते हैं, वैसे ही विद्यादि शुभगुणों का प्रचार संसार में अच्छे प्रकार समर्थन, सत्य और असत्य का विभाग और अविद्यान्धकार का निवारण कर विद्वान् जन सबको आनन्दित करते हैं ॥९॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो ! यो मित्रो वरुणो गम्भीरायाऽऽनवाय वचसे चिदपि द्रोघाय रक्षसेऽस्योपरि हेतिं रजस ऋतुथा राजानौ विदधत्सन्नीं चिकेतत्तं यूयमुत्साहयत ॥९॥

पुनस्स किं कुर्य्यादित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यः) (ईम्) सर्वतः (राजानौ) प्रकाशमानौ सूर्य्याचन्द्रमसाविव सभासेनेशौ (ऋतुथा) ऋतुभ्यः (विदधत्) विधानं कुर्वन् (रजसः) लोकजातस्य (मित्रः) सुहृत् (वरुणः) शमादिगुणान्वितः (चिकेतत्) चिकेतति विजानाति (गम्भीराय) (रक्षसे) दुष्टाचरणाय (हेतिम्) वज्रम् (अस्य) (द्रोघाय) द्रोहाय (चित्) अपि (वचसे) वचनाय (आनवाय) समन्तान्नवीनाय ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यथा सूर्याचन्द्रमसावृतून् विभज्यान्धकारं निवार्य्य जगत्सुखयतस्तथैव विद्यादिशुभगुणप्रचारं जगति प्रकल्प्य सत्याऽसत्ये विभज्याऽविद्याऽन्धकारं निवार्य विद्वांसः सर्वानानन्दयन्ति ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जसे सूर्य व चंद्र ऋतूंचे विभाजन व अंधकाराचे निवारण करून जगाला सुखी करतात तसेच विद्वान लोक विद्या इत्यादी शुभ गुणांचा जगात प्रचार करून सत्यासत्याचे विभाजन करून अविद्यांधकाराचे निवारण करून सर्वांना आनंदित करतात. ॥ ९ ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अ꣡न्तरैश् चक्रइ꣡स् त꣡नयाय वर्ति꣡र्
द्युम꣡ता꣡ यातं नृव꣡ता र꣡थेन
स꣡नुत्येन त्य꣡जसा म꣡र्तियस्य
वनुष्यता꣡म् अ꣡पि शीर्षा꣡ ववृक्तम्

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ántaraiḥ ← ántara- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

cakraíḥ ← cakrá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

tánayāya ← tánaya- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vartíḥ ← vartís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

dyumátā ← dyumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

nr̥vátā ← nr̥vánt- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

ráthena ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

yātam ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mártyasya ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

sánutyena ← sánutya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

tyájasā ← tyájas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

ápi ← ápi (invariable)
{}

śīrṣā́ ← śíras- ~ śīrṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

vanuṣyatā́m ← √vanuṣ(y)- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vavr̥ktam ← √vr̥j- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

अन्त॑रैः । च॒क्रैः । तन॑याय । व॒र्तिः । द्यु॒ऽमता॑ । आ । या॒त॒म् । नृ॒ऽवता॑ । रथे॑न ।
सनु॑त्येन । त्यज॑सा । मर्त्य॑स्य । व॒नु॒ष्य॒ताम् । अपि॑ । शी॒र्षा । व॒वृ॒क्त॒म् ॥

• antaraiś ← antaraiḥ ← antara
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “another(a); other; interior; different; near; intermediate; following.”

• cakrais ← cakraiḥ ← cakra
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “wheel; Cakra; discus; army; cakra; oil mill; cakrikā; cakra; group.”

• tanayāya ← tanaya
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “child; descendants.”

• vartir ← vartiḥ ← vartis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “tour.”

• dyumatā ← dyumat
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “bright; brilliant; brilliant; loud.”

• yātaṃ ← yātam ← yā
• [verb], dual, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• nṛvatā ← nṛvat
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “rich in men.”

• rathena ← ratha
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• sanutyena ← sanutya
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

• tyajasā ← tyajas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

• martyasya ← martya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “mortal.”

• vanuṣyatām ← vanuṣy
• [verb noun], genitive, plural

• api
• [adverb]
• “besides; even; surely; though; furthermore; among; contrastingly; assuredly.”

• śīrṣā ← śīrṣa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “head; battlefront; ear; front; śīrṣa [word]; tip; skull.”

• vavṛktam ← vṛj
• [verb], dual, Perfect imperative

हे अश्विनौ अन्तरैः अनिकृष्टैः चक्रैः युक्तेन द्युमता दीप्तिमता नृवता नेत्रा सारथिना युक्तेन । यद्वा । अश्वयुक्तेन । ‘पतङ्गाः नरः’ (नि. १. १४. २२ ) इत्यश्वनामसु पाठात् । रथेन वर्तिः अस्माकं गृहं तनयाय तनयं दातुम् आ यातम् । अपि च सनुत्येन तिरोहितेन त्यजसा क्रोधेन । ‘हृणिः त्यजः’ इति क्रोधनामसु पाठात्। मर्त्यस्य मनुष्यस्य वनुष्यतां बाधमानानाम् । ‘वनुष्यतिर्हन्तिकर्मा’ इति यास्केनोक्तत्वात् । शीर्षा शिरांसि अपि ववृक्तं प्रवृक्तम् ॥

English translation:

“Come with your shining and well-guided chariot, (fitted) with excellen wheels, to our dwelling, (to bestow upon us) male offspring; cut off with secret indignation the heads of those obstructing (the adoration) of the mortal (who worships you).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Well-guided chariot: nṛvata rathena, having a leader, a driver; or nr. may mean a horse; with excellen wheels: antaraiścakraiḥ: anikṛṣṭaiḥ, with not inferior wheels; with secret indignation: sanutyena tyajasā = tirohitena krodhena

With your wheels drawing nearer, with your heaven-bright chariot with its superior men, do you two drive your circuit for our lineage (to prosper),
because of the distant dereliction of a(nother) mortal. Chop off the heads of the rapacious ones.

I supply ‘to prosper’ with tánayāya on the basis of nearby VI.49.5 (=I.183.3) … iṣayádhyai, vartír yāthás tánayāya tmáne ca, with very similar phraseology.

I take pāda c with ab, rather than with d, as is the norm (Geldner, Kümmel [509]), in order to capture the opposition between ántara- ‘nearer’ and sánutya- ‘distant’. Cf., e.g., VI.5.4, which has both ántara- and sánutya- as well as vanuṣyá-. By my interpr. the Aśvins are urged to come near to us, “because of the distant dereliction of a(nother) mortal” – that is, because some other mortal, far away, hasn’t done his ritual duty, they should come to us, who will. I suppose I could construct a way to take c with d: some mortal’s dereliction of duty would cause the Aśvins to chop off some heads.

But I find it easier to account for c as presented. The last, independent pāda just takes part in the general bloodthirstiness of the last few vss.

Against Geldner, who takes it to √vṛj, I assign vavṛktam to √vraśc ‘hew’, along with Whit (Rts), Grassmann, Renou, and Kümmel, inter alia. Cf. the clinching parallel in X.87.16 téṣāṃ śīrṣā́ṇi … ápi vṛśca.

Come to our home with friendly wheels, for offipring; come on your radiant chariot rich in heroes.
Strike off, ye Twain, the heads of our assailants who with man’s treacherous attack approach us.

Unternehmet eure Umfahrt auf dem glänzenden, männertragenden Wagen mit den inneren Rädern für unser Geschlecht. Beladet mit der heimlichen Schuld des Sterblichen die Häupter der Neider!

Mit nah’nden Rädern und mit lichtem Wagen, der Helden fährt, kommt her zu unsrer Stätte, Mit weithin reichendem Geschoss des Menschen schiesst ab die Köpfe derer, die uns feind sind.

Совершите объезд ради (нашего) потомства на сверкающей
Колеснице, несущей мужей, с колесами, приближающимися (к нам)!
Оружием против смертного, достающим далеко,
Снесите головы завистников!

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर सभा सेनापति जगत् के उपकार के लिये क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जो राजा लोग (अन्तरैः) भिन्न-भिन्न (चक्रैः) लोकों के घूमने के लिये परिधियों के वर्त्तमान (द्युमता) प्रकाशवान् (नृवता) जिसमें उत्तम नर विद्यमान उस (रथेन) रमणीय विमानादि यान वा (सनुत्येन) प्रेरणा करने योग्य के साथ वर्त्तमान (त्यजसा) त्याग के साथ (मर्त्यस्य) मनुष्य के (तनयाय) पुत्र के लिये (वर्त्तिः) मार्ग को (आ, यातम्) प्राप्त होवें और मार्ग का विधान कर (वनुष्यताम्) क्रोध करने वा बाधावालों के (शीर्षा) शिरों को (अपि) भी (ववृक्तम्) छिन्न-भिन्न करें, उनका सबको सत्कार करना चाहिये ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यदि सभासेनापति, मनुष्य-सन्तानों का ब्रह्मचर्य और विद्याभ्यास आदि का प्रबन्ध करें तो सब विद्वान् होकर अनेक उत्तम कार्य करने और दुष्टों तथा शत्रुओं के निवारने को समर्थ हों ॥१०॥

अन्वय: यौ राजानावन्तरैश्चक्रैर्वर्त्तमानेन द्युमता नृवता रथेन सनुत्येन त्यजसा मर्त्यस्य तनयाय वर्त्तिरायातं मार्गं विधाय वनुष्यतां शीर्षाऽपि ववृक्तं तौ सर्वैः सत्कर्तव्यौ ॥१०॥

पुनः सभासेनेशौ जगदुपकाराय किं कुर्यातामित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अन्तरैः) भिन्नैः (चक्रैः) लोकभ्रमणाय परिध्याख्यैः (तनयाय) पुत्राय (वर्त्तिः) मार्गम् (द्युमता) प्रकाशवता (आ) (यातम्) आगच्छतम् (नृवता) उत्तमा नरो विद्यन्ते यस्मिँस्तेन (रथेन) रमणीयेन विमानादियानेन (सनुत्येन) सप्रेरणीयेन (त्यजसा) त्यागेन (मर्त्यस्य) मनुष्यस्य (वनुष्यताम्) क्रुध्यतां बाधमानानां वा। वनुष्यतीति क्रुध्यतिकर्मा। (निघं०२.१२) (अपि) (शीर्षा) शिरांसि (ववृक्तम्) छिनत्तम् ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यदि सभासेनेशौ मनुष्यसन्तानानां ब्रह्मचर्यविद्याऽभ्यासादिप्रबन्धं कुर्यातां तर्हि सर्वे विद्वांसो भूत्वाऽनेकान्युत्तमानि कार्याणि साद्धुं दुष्टाञ्छत्रून्निवारयितुं च शक्नुवन्ति ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जर सभेच्या सेनापतीने माणसांच्या संतानाचा ब्रह्मचर्य व विद्याभ्यास इत्यादींचा प्रबंध केला तर सर्व विद्वान होऊन उत्तम कार्य करण्यास आणि दुष्टांचे, शत्रूंचे निवारण करण्यास समर्थ होऊ शकतात. ॥ १० ॥

• देवता - अश्विनौ
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

आ꣡ परमा꣡भिर् उत꣡ मध्यमा꣡भिर्
नियु꣡द्भिर् यातम् अवमा꣡भिर् अर्वा꣡क्
दॄळ्ह꣡स्य+ चिद् गो꣡मतो वि꣡ व्रज꣡स्य
दु꣡रो वर्तं गृणते꣡ चित्रराती

Strata
Cretic on metrical evidence alone

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

madhyamā́bhiḥ ← madhyamá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

paramā́bhiḥ ← paramá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

utá ← utá (invariable)
{}

arvā́k ← arvā́ñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

avamā́bhiḥ ← avamá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

niyúdbhiḥ ← niyút- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

yātam ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

cit ← cit (invariable)
{}

dr̥ḷhásya ← √dr̥h- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

gómataḥ ← gómant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

vrajásya ← vrajá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

citrarātī ← citrárāti- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

dúraḥ ← dvā́r- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

gr̥ṇaté ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vartam ← √vr̥- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

आ । प॒र॒माभिः॑ । उ॒त । म॒ध्य॒माभिः॑ । नि॒युत्ऽभिः॑ । या॒त॒म् । अ॒व॒माभिः॑ । अ॒र्वाक् ।
दृ॒ळ्हस्य॑ । चि॒त् । गोऽम॑तः । वि । व्र॒जस्य॑ । दुरः॑ । व॒र्त॒म् । गृ॒ण॒ते । चि॒त्र॒रा॒ती॒ इति॑ चित्रऽराती ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• paramābhir ← paramābhiḥ ← parama
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “extreme; best; excellent; highest; highest; devoted(p); maximal; distant; parama [word]; very; farthermost.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• madhyamābhir ← madhyamābhiḥ ← madhyama
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “intermediate; middle; average; second; average; adult; central; moderate; mean; center(a).”

• niyudbhir ← niyudbhiḥ ← niyut
• [noun], instrumental, plural
• “gift; team.”

• yātam ← yā
• [verb], dual, Present imperative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• avamābhir ← avamābhiḥ ← avama
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “avama [word]; bottom; last.”

• arvāk
• [adverb]
• “here.”

• dṛﾱhasya ← dṛḍha
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• gomato ← gomataḥ ← gomat
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “rich in cattle; bovine.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• vrajasya ← vraja
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”

• duro ← duraḥ ← dvār
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “door; means.”

• vartaṃ ← vartam ← vṛ
• [verb], dual, Aorist imperative
• “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

• gṛṇate ← gṛ
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “praise.”

• citrarātī ← citra
• [noun]
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• citrarātī ← rātī ← rāti
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “gift; bounty; favor.”

हे अश्विनौ परमाभिः उत्कृष्टाभिः उत अपि च मध्यमाभिः अनुत्कृष्टाभिः अवमाभिः निकृष्टाभिश्च नियुद्भिः वाहैः अर्वाक् अस्मदभिमुखम् आ यातम् । दृळ्हस्य चित् दृढापिधानस्यापि गोमतः गोयुक्तस्य व्रजस्य गोष्ठस्य दुरः द्वाराणि वि वर्तं विवृणुतम् । किंच गृणते स्तुवते मह्यं चित्रराती विचित्रदानौ भवतम् ॥ ॥२॥

English translation:

“Come down, whether with the most excellent, or middling, or inferior Niyut steeds; set upon the doors of the fast-shut stall of the cattle; eb bountiful to him who praises you.”

Drive here with your highest and midmost teams, this way with your lowest. Open the doors of the cattle pen, even though they are shut fast, you who provide bright gifts for the singer.

As noted in the published introduction, the last phrase of the hymn, gṛṇaté citrarātī “you two providing bright gifts for the singer” exactly repeats the end of vs. 5, which marked a transition in the earlier part of the hymn.

Come hitherward to us with teams of horses, the highest and the midmost and the lowest.
Bountiful Lords, throw open to the singer doors e’en of the firm-closed stall of cattle.

Kommet mit der höchsten Zahl, mit der mittleren, mit der niedrigsten Zahl von Gespannen näher! Öffnet die Tore auch der verschlossenen Kuhhürde für den Sänger, ihr Geber blinkender Gaben!

Kommt nah herbei mit euren Wagenzügen, den höchsten, mit den untersten und mittlern; Schliesst auf die Thüren auch des festen Stalles der Kühe, reich an Gaben für den Sänger.

На дальних и на средних
Упряжках и на ближних приезжайте в наши края!
Раскройте для воспевателя врата, о обладатели ярких даров,
Даже у крепкого загона, полного коров!

• अश्विनौ
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर वे क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (चित्रराती) अद्भुत दानवाले सभासेनाधीशो ! तुम (अवमाभिः) निकृष्ट (मध्यमाभिः) मध्यम (उत) और (परमाभिः) उत्तम (नियुद्भिः) वायु की गतियों से (आ, यातम्) आओ तथा (अर्वाक्) पीछे (दृळ्हस्य) अति पुष्ट के (चित्) भी (गोमतः) बहुत गौयें वा किरणें जिसमें विद्यमान उस (वज्रस्य) मेघ के (दुरः) द्वारों को (गृणते) स्तुति करनेवाले के लिये (वि, वर्त्तम्) विशेषता से वर्त्ताओ ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राज प्रजाजनो ! जैसे सब भूगोल वायु की गतियों के साथ जाते-आते हैं और जैसे शिल्पीजन विमान से मेघमण्डल पर जाते हैं, वैसे ही तुम भी अनुष्ठान करो ॥११॥ इस सूक्त में अश्वियों के गुणों का वर्णन होने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥यह बासठवाँ सूक्त और दूसरा वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे चित्रराती सभासेनेशौ ! युवामवमाभिर्मध्यमाभिरुत परमाभिर्नियुद्भिरा यातमर्वाग् दृळ्हस्य चिद् गोमतो व्रजस्य दुरो गृणते वि वर्त्तम् ॥११॥

पुनस्ते किं कुर्य्युरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (आ) समन्तात् (परमाभिः) उत्कृष्टाभिः (उत) (मध्यमाभिः) मध्ये भवाभिः (नियुद्भिः) वायोर्गतिभिः (यातम्) गच्छतम् (अवमाभिः) निकृष्टाभिः (अर्वाक्) पश्चात् (दृळ्हस्य) (चित्) अपि (गोमतः) बह्व्यो गावः किरणा वा विद्यन्ते यस्मिंस्तस्य (वि) (व्रजस्य) मेघस्य (दुरः) द्वाराणि (वर्त्तम्) वर्त्तयतम् (गृणते) स्तावकाय (चित्रराती) चित्राऽद्भुता रातिर्दानं ययोस्तौ ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजप्रजाजना यथा सर्वे भूगोला वायुगतिभिस्सह गच्छन्त्यागच्छन्ति यथा च शिल्पिनो विमानेन मेघमण्डलोपरि व्रजन्ति तथैव यूयमप्यनुतिष्ठतेति ॥११॥ अत्राश्विगुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति द्विषष्टितमं सूक्तं द्वितीयो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजा व प्रजाजनहो ! जसे सर्व भूगोल वायूच्या गतीबरोबर फिरत असतात व जसे शिल्पीजन (कारागीर) विमानाने मेघमंडळातून जातात तसे तुम्हीही वागा. ॥ ११ ॥