०४९

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स्तुषे᳓ ज᳓नं सुव्रतं᳓ न᳓व्यसीभिर्
गीर्भि᳓र् मित्रा᳓व᳓रुणा सुम्नय᳓न्ता
त᳓ आ᳓ गमन्तु त᳓ इह᳓ श्रुवन्तु
सुक्षत्रा᳓सो व᳓रुणो मित्रो᳓ अग्निः᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
jánam ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

návyasībhiḥ ← návyas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

stuṣé ← √stu- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

suvratám ← suvratá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

mitrā́váruṇā ← mitrā́váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

sumnayántā ← √sumnay- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

gamantu ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ihá ← ihá (invariable)

śruvantu ← √śru- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

agníḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mitráḥ ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sukṣatrā́saḥ ← sukṣatrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

váruṇaḥ ← váruṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

स्तु॒षे । जन॑म् । सु॒ऽव्र॒तम् । नव्य॑सीभिः । गीः॒ऽभिः । मि॒त्रावरु॑णा । सु॒म्न॒ऽयन्ता॑ ।
ते । आ । ग॒म॒न्तु॒ । ते । इ॒ह । श्रु॒व॒न्तु॒ । सु॒ऽक्ष॒त्रासः॑ । वरु॑णः । मि॒त्रः । अ॒ग्निः ॥

• stuṣe ← stu
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• janaṃ ← janam ← jana
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• suvrataṃ ← suvratam ← suvrata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “virtuous; tractable; severe.”

• navyasībhir ← navyasībhiḥ ← navyas
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “new.”

• gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• mitrāvaruṇā ← mitrāvaruṇa
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “Varuna; Mitra.”

• sumnayantā ← sumnay
• [verb noun], accusative, dual

• ta ← te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• gamantu ← gam
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• ta ← te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• iha
• [adverb]
• “here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”

• śruvantu ← śru
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• sukṣatrāso ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sukṣatrāso ← kṣatrāsaḥ ← kṣatra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Kshatriya; dominion; Kshatriya; kṣatra [word]; power.”

• varuṇo ← varuṇaḥ ← varuṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

• mitro ← mitraḥ ← mitra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”

• agniḥ ← agni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

सुव्रतं सुकर्माणं जनं दैव्यं जनं देवसंघ नव्यसीभिः नवतराभिः गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः स्तुषे अहं स्तुवे । तथा मित्रावरुणा । मित्रः प्रमीतेस्त्रायको वरुणः पापन्निवारयिता। एतावपि देवौ स्तौमि । कीदृशौ । सुम्नयन्ता सुम्नं सुखं स्तोतॄणामिच्छन्तौ । सुक्षत्रासः शोभनबलाः ते वरुणादयः सर्वे देवाः इह अस्मिन् यज्ञे आ गमन्तु आगच्छन्तु । ते तादृशाः श्रुवन्तु । अस्मदीयाः स्तुतीः शृण्वन्तु च । अत्र मित्रादीनां परिगणनमुपलक्षणं सूक्तस्य सर्वदेवताप्रतिपादकत्वात्। अत एव पूर्वं जनमिति सामान्यनिर्देशः ॥

English translation:

“I commend with new hymns the man observant of his duty, and the beneficent Mitra and Varuṇa; may they, the mighty ones, Varuṇa, Mitra, and Agni, come to our rite, and listen (to our praises).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The man observant: stuṣe janam suvratam = daivyam janam, the divine people, devasaṅgham, the company of the gods

I will praise the people of good commandment with newer hymns, will praise Mitra and Varuṇa the gracious.
Let them come hither; let them listen here—those of good dominion, Varuṇa, Mitra, Agni.

Although non-formulaic groupings of gods are frequently encountered in All God hymns, the trio váruṇo mitró agníḥ is perhaps a little strange, since we expect this trio’s third member to be instead Aryaman. And indeed that sequence is quite common: there is a much-repeated dimeter pāda váruṇo mitró aryamā́(I.26.4, etc.; see repetitions listed in Lubotsky), and the same sequence is regularly found at the end of a Jagatī pāda (I.40.5, V.46.5, VII.66.11, 12, etc.). I wonder if agníḥ is some sort of makeshift substitute for aryamā́in a Triṣṭubh cadence where aryamā́wouldn’t fit (cf. the same sequence in the acc. in the next hymn, VI.50.1, and it is found elsewhere in both nom. and acc., incl. the repeated pāda VI.51.10). After all, Agni is compatible with pretty much any Vedic god and could be slotted in when the more specialized divinity was metrically inconvenient.

I LAUD with newest songs the Righteous People, Mitra and Varuna who make us happy.
Let them approach, here let them listen,Agni, Varuna, Mitra, Lords of fair dominion.

Das wohlgebietende Göttervolk preise ich mit neuester Lobrede, Mitra und Varuna, die Wohlwollenden. Sie sollen herkommen und hier zuhören, die guten Herrscher Varuna, Mitra, Agni.

Mit neuen Liedern preis’ ich das sehr weise Geschlecht und Mitra-Varuna, die holden; Sie mögen kommen, mögen hier uns hören, die starken Herrn Varuna, Mitra, Agni.

Я славлю род, дающий прекрасные заветы, совсем новыми
Хвалебными песнями, Митру-Варуну, благожелательных.
Пусть (все) они придут, пусть здесь прислушаются эти
Добрые властелины, Варуна, Митра, Агни!

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

विशो᳓-विश ई᳓डियम् अध्वरे᳓षु
अ᳓दृप्तक्रतुम् अरतिं᳓ युवत्योः᳓
दिवः᳓ शि᳓शुं स᳓हसः सूनु᳓म् अग्निं᳓
यज्ञ᳓स्य केतु᳓म् अरुषं᳓ य᳓जध्यै

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
adhvaréṣu ← adhvará- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

ī́ḍyam ← ī́ḍya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśó-viśaḥ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

ádr̥ptakratum ← ádr̥ptakratu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

aratím ← aratí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yuvatyóḥ ← yuvatí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:DU}

agním ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

sáhasaḥ ← sáhas- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

śíśum ← śíśu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sūnúm ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

aruṣám ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ketúm ← ketú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yájadhyai ← √yaj- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG, tense:PRS}

yajñásya ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

वि॒शःऽवि॑शः । ईड्य॑म् । अ॒ध्व॒रेषु॑ । अदृ॑प्तऽक्रतुम् । अ॒र॒तिम् । यु॒व॒त्योः ।
दि॒वः । शिशु॑म् । सह॑सः । सू॒नुम् । अ॒ग्निम् । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । के॒तुम् । अ॒रु॒षम् । यज॑ध्यै ॥

• viśo ← viśaḥ ← viś
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• viśa ← viśaḥ ← viś
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• īḍyam ← īḍ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “praise; invite; raise.”

• adhvareṣv ← adhvareṣu ← adhvara
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”

• adṛptakratum ← adṛpta
• [noun]

• adṛptakratum ← kratum ← kratu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”

• aratiṃ ← aratim ← arati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “charioteer.”

• yuvatyoḥ ← yuvat
• [noun], genitive, dual, feminine
• “young; youthful.”

• divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• śiśuṃ ← śiśum ← śiśu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “child; young; baby; śiśu [word]; Śiśu; male child; fetus.”

• sahasaḥ ← sahas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”

• sūnum ← sūnu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “son; offspring.”

• agniṃ ← agnim ← agni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• yajñasya ← yajña
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• ketum ← ketu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”

• aruṣaṃ ← aruṣam ← aruṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• yajadhyai ← yaj
• [verb noun]
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

विशोविशः सर्वस्याः प्रजायाः अध्वरेषु यज्ञेषु ईड्यम् ऋत्विग्भिः स्तुत्यम् अदृप्तक्रतुं दर्परहितकर्माणम् अमूढप्रज्ञं वा युवत्योः द्यावापृथिव्योः अरतिम् अभिगन्तारम् अर्यं स्वामिनं दिवः द्युलोकस्य शिशुं पुत्रम् । ’ दिवस्परि प्रथमं जज्ञे अग्निः ’ (ऋ. सं. १०.४५.१) इति निगमः । यद्वा । दिवः स्तोतुः पुत्रभूतम् । तथापि निगमो भवति - ‘ त्वं पुत्रो भवसि यस्तेऽविधत्’ ( ऋ. सं. २. १. ९) इति । सहसः बलस्य सूनुं पुत्रं यज्ञस्य यागस्य केतुं प्रज्ञापकम् अरुषम् आरोचमानम् एवंगुणकम् अग्निं यजध्यै यष्टुम् । स्तुषे इत्यनुषज्यते । स्तुषे स्तुवे ॥

English translation:

“(I incite the worshipper) to offer worship to Agni, who is to be adored at the sacrifices of every ma; whose acts are free from arrogance; the lord of the two youthful (brides, heaven and earth); the child of heaven, the son of strength, the briliant symbol of sacrifice.”

The one to be reverently invoked at the ceremonies of every clan, of undistracted resolve, the spoked wheel of the two youthful ones
[=Heaven and Earth],
the child of Heaven, the son of strength—Agni—the ruddy beacon of the sacrifice (I invoke) to perform sacrifice.

The fuller expression in X.3.7 diváspr̥thivyór aratír yuvatyóḥ “the spoked wheel of Heaven and Earth, the youthful ones” makes the identity of “the two youthful ones” clear.

Geldner and Renou take yájadhyai as a predicated infinitive with unexpressed subject “I” (without comment), with Agni the obj.: “… Agni … will ich verehren”; “je veux lui sacrifier.” I instead supply “(I invoke)” (parallel to stuṣé ‘I will praise’ in 1a) to govern agním, who is then the subject of the inf. Although this involves supplying material, elsewhere in Agni contexts this infinitive is generally used of him, as subject, in his priestly role. Cf., e.g., III.1.1 … mā … váhniṃ cakartha vidáthe yájadhyai “you have made me your draught-horse, to offer the sacrifice at the ritual distribution.” And in this hymn see VI.49.9 hótā yakṣat … agníḥ “the Hotar Agni will sacrifice,” with Agni as agent-subject of the active verb.

Him, to be praised at each tribe’s sacrifices, the Two young Matrons’ sober-minded Herald,
The Son of Strength, the Child of Heaven, the signal of sacrifice, red Agni will I worship.

Den besonnenen Lenker der beiden jugendlichen Rodasi, bei den Opfern jedes Stammes anzurufen, Agni, das Kind des Himmels, den Sohn der Kraft, das Wahrzeichen des Opfers, den Rötlichen will ich verehren.

Der preisenswerth beim Opfer jedes Stammes den beiden Jungfraun dient bedachten Geistes, Des Himmels Spross, den Sohn der Stärke, Agni, des Opfers rothe Fahne will ich ehren.

Кого надо призывать на обрядах каждого племени,
Обладателя невозмутимой силы духа, посредника между двумя юными (половинами вселенной),
Дитя неба, сына силы – Агни,
Алое знамя жертвы, я хочу почитать.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• स्वराट्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अरुष᳓स्य दुहित᳓रा वि᳓रूपे
स्तृ᳓भिर् अन्या᳓ पिपिशे᳓ सू᳓रो अन्या᳓
मिथस्तु᳓रा विच᳓रन्ती पवाके᳓+
म᳓न्म श्रुतं᳓ नक्षत ऋच्य᳓माने

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
aruṣásya ← aruṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

duhitárā ← duhitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

vírūpe ← vírūpa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

anyā́ ← anyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

anyā́ ← anyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

pipiśé ← √piś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

stŕ̥bhiḥ ← stár- ~ tár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

sū́raḥ ← svàr- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

mithastúrā ← mithastúr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

pāvaké ← pāvaká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU}

vicárantī ← √carⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

mánma ← mánman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

nakṣataḥ ← √nakṣ- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

r̥cyámāne ← √r̥c- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:DU, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

śrutám ← √śru- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

अ॒रु॒षस्य॑ । दु॒हि॒तरा॑ । विरू॑पे॒ इति॒ विऽरू॑पे । स्तृऽभिः॑ । अ॒न्या । पि॒पि॒शे । सूरः॑ । अ॒न्या ।
मि॒थः॒ऽतुरा॑ । वि॒चर॑न्ती॒ इति॑ वि॒ऽचर॑न्ती । पा॒व॒के इति॑ । मन्म॑ । श्रु॒तम् । न॒क्ष॒तः॒ । ऋ॒च्यमा॑ने॒ इति॑ ॥

• aruṣasya ← aruṣa
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “red; red.”

• duhitarā ← duhitṛ
• [noun], nominative, dual, feminine
• “daughter; duhitṛ [word].”

• virūpe ← virūpa
• [noun], nominative, dual, feminine
• “ugly; maimed; grotesque.”

• stṛbhir ← stṛbhiḥ ← star
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “star.”

• anyā ← anya
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

• pipiśe ← piś
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “decorate.”

• sūro ← sūraḥ ← svar
• [adverb]
• “sun; sky; sunlight.”

• anyā ← anya
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

• mithasturā ← mithastur
• [noun], nominative, dual, feminine

• vicarantī ← vicar ← √car
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “wander; travel; vraj; be active.”

• pāvake ← pāvaka
• [noun], nominative, dual, feminine
• “pure; purifying; pure; āgneya; clear; bright; bright.”

• manma ← manman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “hymn; idea; purpose.”

• śrutaṃ ← śrutam ← śru
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• nakṣata ← nakṣataḥ ← nakṣ
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “reach; approach.”

• ṛcyamāne ← arc
• [verb noun], nominative, dual
• “sing; worship; honor; praise; welcome.”

इयमहोरात्रयोः स्तुतिः । अरुषस्य आरोचमानस्य सूर्यस्य दुहितरा दुहितरौ । सूर्येण हि अहोरात्रयोर्विभागः क्रियते । अतस्तदधीनात्मलाभत्वात् तस्य दुहितरावित्युच्येते । विरूपे शुक्लकृष्णतया नानारूपे । तयोः अन्या एका रात्रिः स्तृभिः नक्षत्रैः पिपिशे पिश्यते संश्लिष्यते । ‘ पिश अवयवे’ इति धातुः । अन्या अहरात्मिका दुहिता सूरः सूर्येण पिपिशे संश्लिष्यते । ते च नक्षत्रैः सूर्येण चालंकृते भवत इत्यर्थः । मिथस्तुरा परस्परं बाधयन्त्यौ । अह्ना रात्रिर्निवर्त्यते रात्र्या चाहरिति परस्परं बाधः । अत एव विचरन्ती विविधं पृथक् चरन्त्यौ पावके सर्वस्य शोधयित्र्यौ । एवंभूते अहश्च रात्रिश्च ऋच्यमाने अस्माभिः स्तूयमाने सत्यौ श्रुतं श्रोतव्यं मन्म मननीयं स्तोत्रमस्मत्कृतं नक्षतः व्याप्नुताम् ॥

English translation:

“May the two daughters of the radiant (sun) of various form, of whom one glitters with stars, the other (is bright) with the sun, mutually opposed, proceeding diversely, purifying (all things), and entitled to our laudation, be plural ased by the praise they hear (from us).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The two daughters: day and night, the daughters of the sun, directly or their cause, indirectly

The two daughters of the ruddy one, differing in form: the one is ornamented with stars, the other is the sun’s.
The two pure ones, transiting alternately, wandering apart—being
hymned they both approach the prayerful thought once it is heard.

My tr. of sū́ro anyā́“the other is the sun’s” follows Oldenberg, who adopted it from Ludwig. Geldner (/Renou) supply an instr. raśmíbhiḥ ‘with the rays’, parallel to stṛ́bhiḥ, on which sū́raḥ depends. This seems unnec. Renou’s claim that the accent on pipiśé “déconseille l’interpretation de sū́raḥ donnée par Oldenberg” does not convince: although by the Oldenberg reading pipiśé is not part of both anyā́clauses as it would be with the additional instr., it occurs at the boundary of two explicitly contrastive clauses, which would, I think, be sufficient to induce accent.

Unlike in form are the Red God’s two Daughters: one is the Sun’s, and stars bedeck the other.
Apart, the Sanctifiers, in succession, come to the famed hymn, praised in holy verses.

Von verschiedenem Aussehen sind die beiden Töchter des Rötlichen: die eine ist mit den Sternen geschmückt, die andere mit den Strahlen des Sonnengottes Surya, die getrennt wandeln, sich gegenseitig einholend, die Reinen kommen besungen zu dem gehörten Gebet.

Des feurigrothen ungleichfarb’ge Töchter, die eine sterngeschmückt, mit Licht die andre, In stetem Wechsel wandernd, herrlich prangend, besungen gehn sie zum gehörten Liede.

Разного вида две дочери алого:
Одна украшена звездами, другая (лучами) солнца.
(Эти) две, очищающие, двигаясь по отдельности, преследуя друг друга,
Когда их воспевают, приходят на услышанную молитву.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्र᳓ वायु᳓म् अ᳓छा बृहती᳓ मनीषा᳓
बृह᳓द्रयिं विश्व᳓वारं रथप्रा᳓म्
द्युत᳓द्यामा नियु᳓तः प᳓त्यमानः
कविः᳓ कवि᳓म् इयक्षसि प्रयज्यो

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ácha ← ácha (invariable)

br̥hatī́ ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

manīṣā́ ← manīṣā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

vāyúm ← vāyú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

br̥hádrayim ← br̥hádrayi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rathaprā́m ← rathaprā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvávāram ← viśvávāra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dyutádyāmā ← dyutádyāman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

niyútaḥ ← niyút- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

pátyamānaḥ ← √pat- 2 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iyakṣasi ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kavím ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

prayajyo ← práyajyu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

प्र । वा॒युम् । अच्छ॑ । बृ॒ह॒ती । म॒नी॒षा । बृ॒हत्ऽर॑यिम् । वि॒श्वऽवा॑रम् । र॒थ॒ऽप्राम् ।
द्यु॒तत्ऽया॑मा । नि॒ऽयुतः॑ । पत्य॑मानः । क॒विः । क॒विम् । इ॒य॒क्ष॒सि॒ । प्र॒य॒ज्यो॒ इति॑ प्रऽयज्यो ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• vāyum ← vāyu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wind; Vayu; vāta; prāṇa (coll.); air; air; fart; breath; northwest; draft; vāyu [word]; Vāyu; Marut.”

• acchā
• [adverb]
• “towards; accha [prefix].”

• bṛhatī ← bṛhat
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• manīṣā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “hymn; inspiration; idea; thinking; wish; consideration; intelligence.”

• bṛhadrayiṃ ← bṛhat
• [noun]
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• bṛhadrayiṃ ← rayim ← rayi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• viśvavāraṃ ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvavāraṃ ← vāram ← vāra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “time; day of the week; turn.”

• rathaprām ← ratha
• [noun], masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• rathaprām ← prām ← prā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “appreciated.”

• dyutadyāmā ← dyutat ← dyut
• [verb noun]
• “shine; inflame.”

• dyutadyāmā ← yāmā ← yāman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “expedition; path; expedition; arrival.”

• niyutaḥ ← niyut
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “gift; team.”

• patyamānaḥ ← paty
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “own; have; master.”

• kaviḥ ← kavi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• kavim ← kavi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• iyakṣasi ← iyakṣ ← √yaj
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “endeavor.”

• prayajyo ← prayajyu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

बृहती महती मनीषा अस्मदीया स्तुतिः वायुम् अच्छ आभिमुख्येन प्र गच्छतु ॥ उपसर्गश्रुतेर्योग्यक्रियाध्याहारः ॥ कीदृशं वायुम् । बृहद्रयिं महाधनं विश्ववारं विश्वैर्वरणीयं संभजनीयं रथप्रां रथस्यात्मीयस्य प्रातारं पूरयितारम् । यद्वा । स्तोतॄणां रथं धनैः पूरयितारम् । अथ प्रत्यक्षस्तुतिः । हे प्रयज्यो प्रकर्षेण यष्टव्य वायो द्युतद्यामा प्रदीप्तयानः नियुतः आत्मीयरथयोज्याः वडवाः ताः पत्यमानः अभिपतन्नभिगच्छन् । यद्वा । पत्यतिरैश्वर्यकर्मा। तासां वडवानामीश्वरः कविः क्रान्तदर्शी। एवंभूतः त्वं कविं मेधाविनं स्तोतारम् इयक्षसि धनेन पूजय ॥

English translation:

“May our earnest praise proceed to the presence of Vāyu, the possessor of vast riches, the desired of all, the filler of his chariot (with wealth for his worshippers); most adorable (Vāyu), who are riding in a radiant car, and driving your Niyut (steeds), do you, who are far-seeing, show favour to the sage, (your adorer).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Kavim iyakṣasi prayajyo: prayajyo is applied to the priest, the adhvaryu; worship, venerable priest, the wise Vāyu…

A lofty inspired thought (goes) forth to Vāyu, who, possessing lofty wealth and all valuables, fills the chariot.
Having a brilliant course, master of teams, as poet you seek to reach the poet, you who are worshiped at the forefront of the sacrifice.

I with a lofty song call hither Vayu, all-bounteous, filler of his car, most wealthy.
Thou, Sage, with bright path, Lord of harnessed horses, impetuous, promptly honourest the prudent.

Mein hohes Sinnen geht zu Vayu dem Vielbegehrten mit hohem Reichtum und vollem Wagen. In glänzender Auffahrt, die Niyut besitzend, begehrst du, der Seher, nach dem Seher, du Opfersamer.

Hin zu dem Vaju dring das grosse Preislied, der reich an allen Gütern vollen Wagens Im Glanze fährt, mit Vielgespann versehen; als weiser ehrst den weisen du, o Stürmer.

К Ваю стремится (мой) высокий помысел,
К обладанию высокого богатства, всего желанного, наполняющего колесницу (сокровищами).
Со сверкающим выездом, владеющий упряжками
Поэт, ты хочешь почтить поэта, о получающий жертву сначала.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स᳓ मे व᳓पुश् छदयद् अश्वि᳓नोर् यो᳓
र᳓थो विरु᳓क्मान् म᳓नसा युजानः᳓
ये᳓न नरा नासतियेषय᳓ध्यै
वर्ति᳓र् याथ᳓स् त᳓नयाय त्म᳓ने च

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
aśvínoḥ ← aśvín- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:DU}

chadayat ← √chand- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

me ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vápuḥ ← vápus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

mánasā ← mánas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

ráthaḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

virúkmān ← virúkmant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yujānáḥ ← √yuj- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

iṣayádhyai ← √iṣay- (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG, tense:PRS}

narā ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

nāsatyā ← nā́satya- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

yéna ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)

tánayāya ← tánaya- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

tmáne ← tmán- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

vartíḥ ← vartís- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yātháḥ ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

सः । मे॒ । वपुः॑ । छ॒द॒य॒त् । अ॒श्विनोः॑ । यः । रथः॑ । वि॒रुक्मा॑न् । मन॑सा । यु॒जा॒नः ।
येन॑ । न॒रा॒ । ना॒स॒त्या॒ । इ॒ष॒यध्यै॑ । व॒र्तिः । या॒थः । तन॑याय । त्मने॑ । च॒ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• me ← mad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “I; mine.”

• vapuś ← vapuḥ ← vapus
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “body; form; miracle; human body; beauty; look; spectacle; figure; embodiment.”

• chadayad ← chadayat ← chaday ← √chand
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “look.”

• aśvinor ← aśvinoḥ ← aśvin
• [noun], genitive, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; two.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ratho ← rathaḥ ← ratha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• virukmān ← virukmat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “bright; glistening.”

• manasā ← manas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “mind; Manas; purpose; idea; attention; heart; decision; manas [word]; manas [indecl.]; spirit; temper; intelligence.”

• yujānaḥ ← yuj
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

• yena ← yad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• narā ← nṛ
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• nāsatyeṣayadhyai ← nāsatyā ← nāsatya
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “Asvins; nāsatya [word].”

• nāsatyeṣayadhyai ← iṣayadhyai ← iṣay ← √iṣ
• [verb noun]

• vartir ← vartiḥ ← vartis
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “tour.”

• yāthas ← yāthaḥ ← yā
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

• tanayāya ← tanaya
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “child; descendants.”

• tmane ← tman
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “self.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

अश्विनोः स्वभूतः सः रथः मे मदीयं वपुः शरीरं छदयत् छादयतु । तेजसाच्छादयतु । यो रथो विरुक्मान् विरोचनवान् विशेषेण दीप्यमानः मनसा मनोव्यापारमात्रेण युजानः अश्वैः संप्रयुज्यमानो भवति । हे नरा नेतारौ हे नासत्या सत्यस्वभावौ सत्यस्य नेतारौ नासिकाप्रभवौ वाश्विनौ येन रथेन वर्तिः स्तोतृगृहं तनयाय पुत्राय त्मने आत्मने तत्पित्रे स्तोत्रे च इषयध्यै कामान् प्रापयितुं याथः गच्छथः स रथः इति पूर्वत्रान्वयः ॥ ॥ ५ ॥

English translation:

“May that splendid car of the Aśvins, which is harnessed at a thought, clothe my form (with radiance); that (car) with which, Nāsatyās, leaders of (rites), you go to the dwelling (of the worshipper) to fulfil his desires for his posterity and himself.”

That seems to me a wonder—the chariot of the Aśvins, radiant, yoked with mind,
by which you two, Nāsatyas, superior men, drive your circuit, for our descendants and ourselves to prosper.

Note the tricky word positioning, with pāda-final yáḥ picking up pāda-init.

sá, in a nominal rel. cl. continued in the next pāda. It may be that in a structurally simple hymn like this the poet seeks to vary the ways he introduces the listed divinities and their attributes and to jazz up the syntax.

That chariot of the Asvins, fair to look on, pleaseth me well, yoked with a thought, refulgent,
Wherewith, Nasatyas, Chiefs, ye seek our dwelling, to give new strength to us and to our children.

Wie ein Wunder deucht mir der glänzende Wagen der Asvin, der sich auf bloßen Gedanken anschirrt, auf dem ihr Herren Nasatya eure Rundfahrt macht, um unserer Nachkommenschaft und uns selbst Labung zu spenden.

Der Wagen der Açvinen dünkt mich herrlich, der leuchtende, durch Geistes Macht geschirrte, Auf dem, o treue Männer, ihr zur Stätte erscheint zu stärken uns und unsre Kinder.

Чудесным явлением показалась мне эта колесница
Ашвинов, ярко сверкающая, которая запрягается мыслью,
На которой, о два мужа Насатьи, вы совершаете обьезд,
Чтоб утешалось (наше) потомство и мы сами.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प᳓र्जन्यवाता वृषभा पृथिव्याः᳓
पु᳓रीषाणि जिन्वतम् अ᳓पियानि
स᳓त्यश्रुतः कवयो य᳓स्य गीर्भि᳓र्
ज᳓गत स्थातर् ज᳓गद् आ᳓ कृणुध्वम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
párjanyavātā ← parjányāvā́ta- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

pr̥thivyā́ḥ ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

vr̥ṣabhā ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:DU}

ápyāni ← ápya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

jinvatam ← √ji- 2 ~ jinv- (root)
{number:DU, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

púrīṣāṇi ← púrīṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

kavayaḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

sátyaśrutaḥ ← satyaśrut- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

yásya ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

jágat ← jágat- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

jágataḥ ← jágat- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

kr̥ṇudhvam ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sthātar ← sthā́tar- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

पर्ज॑न्यवाता । वृ॒ष॒भा॒ । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । पुरी॑षाणि । जि॒न्व॒त॒म् । अप्या॑नि ।
सत्य॑ऽश्रुतः । क॒व॒यः॒ । यस्य॑ । गीः॒ऽभिः । जग॑तः । स्था॒तः॒ । जग॑त् । आ । कृ॒णु॒ध्व॒म् ॥

• parjanyavātā ← parjanya
• [noun], masculine
• “cloud; Parjanya; Indra; nimbus.”

• parjanyavātā ← vātā ← vāta
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “vāta; wind; fart; Vayu; air; draft; vāta [word]; Vāta; rheumatism; Marut.”

• vṛṣabhā ← vṛṣabha
• [noun], vocative, dual, masculine
• “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

• pṛthivyāḥ ← pṛthivī
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• purīṣāṇi ← purīṣa
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “fecal matter; droppings; spring; earth; purīṣa [word]; Purīṣa; rust; affluence; defecation.”

• jinvatam ← jinv
• [verb], dual, Present imperative
• “enliven; animate.”

• apyāni ← apya
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “aquatic; aquatic.”

• satyaśrutaḥ ← satya
• [noun], neuter
• “truth; oath; satya [word]; promise.”

• satyaśrutaḥ ← śrutaḥ ← śrut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “listening.”

• kavayo ← kavayaḥ ← kavi
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• yasya ← yad
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• jagata ← jagataḥ ← jagant
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “universe; Earth; world; people; Jagatī; Loka; animal; being.”

• sthātar ← sthātṛ
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• jagad ← jagat ← jagant
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “universe; Earth; world; people; Jagatī; Loka; animal; being.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• kṛṇudhvam ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

हे पर्जन्यवाता पर्जन्यवायू वृषभा वृष्टेः कर्तारौ पृथिव्याः । अन्तरिक्षनामैतत् । अन्तरिक्षात् अप्यानि आप्तव्यानि पुरीषाणि पूरकाण्युदकानि जिन्वतं प्रेरयतम् । उत्तरोऽर्धर्चो मारुतः । हे सत्यश्रुतः सत्यस्य स्तोत्रस्य श्रोतारः कवयः मेधाविनो मरुतः यस्य स्तोतुः गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः यूयं स्तुता भवथ तस्य स्तोतुः जगत् स्थावरजङ्गमात्मकं सर्वं प्राणिजातम् आ कृणुध्वम् आभिमुख्येन कुरुत । हे जगतः स्थातः । गणाभिप्रायमेकवचनम्। स्थावरजङ्गमात्मकस्य जगतोऽवस्थापक हे मरुद्गण इति योज्यम् ॥

English translation:

“Parjanya and Vāta, showerers of rain, and from te firmament available waters; sage Maruts, hearers of the truth, establishers of the world, multiply the moveable (wealth of him) by whose praises (you are propitiated).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Multiply: jagad ākṛṇudhvam = jagat: fixed as well as moveable, all living things, jagat sthāvara jaṅgamātmakam sarvam prāṇijātam

Parjanya [/Thunder] and Vāta [/Wind], you two bulls of the earth, quicken the watery outpourings (for him [=human poet])
through whose hymns—you poets who really hear [=Maruts] and you mounter of the moving world [=Indra]—you made the moving world your own.

If my comment immed. above is correct, this vs. is a fine example of it. To begin with the surface, the first hemistich has a dual voc. (párjanyavātā) and a dual impv. (jinvatam). So far all is well. But the 2nd hemistich has a plural voc. (sátyaśrutaḥ kavayaḥ), whose referents are not identified, and a singular voc. (jágata sthātar), whose referent is not identified, flanking a rel. prn. in the gen. and an instr.

pl. (yásya gīrbhíḥ), with the rest of the vs., following the singular voc., containing an apparent main cl. verb in the 2nd pl. (ā́kṛṇudhvam [so Pp.]). The simplest thing to do is to disjoin the two half-verses, keeping the dual and plural parts separate. But that leaves us with an incomplete rel. cl. that has nothing to do. The problems are discussed at length by Oldenberg, though he does not come to a firm determination.

Both Geldner and Renou take the first hemistich as independent, as do Oldenberg and Scarlatta (556). By contrast, I consider it the main cl. on which cd is dependent. Since my interpr. of ab resembles theirs almost to the end, however, we are in happy agreement so far. For the connection of Parjanya and Vāta with the púrīṣāni … ápyāni “watery outpourings,” cf. X.65.9 parjányāvā́tā vṛṣabhā́purīṣínā. The only question is whether pṛthivyā́ḥ in our passage depends on vṛṣabhā or the watery outpourings: its accent (as opposed to unaccented voc. vṛṣabhā) speaks (weakly: see Oldenberg comm.) for the latter, the pāda break for the former, and the consensus is for the former. I’m not at all sure it matters.

In my interpr. of ab as the main cl. to cd, I supply a beneficial dat. “for him,” referring to the human poet, to serve as main cl. referent for the rel. yásya in c. As just noted, the standard interpr. take ab as an independent cl., and therefore must account for the rel. prn. yásya in a different way. Before tackling that, let us first determine who the vocc. in cd refer to.

The pl. voc. phrase sátyaśrutaḥ kavayaḥ beginning pāda c: by almost universal agreement, beg. with Sāyaṇa., this refers to the Maruts, on the basis of the pāda-spanning voc. phrase sátyaśrutaḥ kávayaḥ yúvānaḥ used of the Maruts in V.57.8, the only other occurrences of satya-śrut-. (It is worth remarking here that, though in both V.57.8 and here the pāda opens with the first two vocc., in V.57.8 kávayaḥ is accented, whereas here it is not. I have no explan.) The identification with the Maruts seems reasonable, though of course nothing about the phrase uniquely identifies the Maruts. However, note that in vs. 11 below they are addressed as yuvānaḥ kavayaḥ, with two of the terms found in V.57.8.

As for jágata sthātar in d, most tr. leave the referent unidentified (e.g., Geldner n.

6cd “Wer der jágataḥ sthātar sein soll, ist nicht deutlich.”). Since the agent noun sthā́tar- in the sg. is otherwise used only of Indra, he seems a likely referent, esp.

because he is also regularly associated with the Maruts. The added wrinkle is that there must be a pun here as well: the stem sthātár- (so accented) ‘the still’, always in the form sthātúḥ, is the regular formulaic partner of jágat- ‘the moving’; cf., e.g., in the next hymn, VI.50.7 víśvasya sthātúr jágataḥ. The poet’s urge to make this play on words may have contributed both to the contorted syntax and the unclarity of reference we’re trying to untangle.

The two referents of the vocative phrases, the Maruts and (if I’m right) Indra, are the joint 2nd pl. subjects of the verb in d. On this, I think, we are all agreed. But all standard interpr. follow the Pp. in taking ā̇́kṛnudhvam as an unaccented, and therefore main clause, verb. (See, explicitly, Oldenberg “… ist offenbar Imperativ und hat Hauptsatzakzent.”) Under this interpr., something else has to be done with the yásya gīrbhíḥ of c. Most people supply material like mad: Geldner adds a “towards him” in his main cl. and “you take pleasure” as verb in the rel. cl.: “machet alles was lebt, (dem) geneigt, an dessen Loblied (ihr Freude habt)” – in other words, he manufactures most of the relative cl.; Scarlatta similar, though he gives a wide choice of ways to fill out the rel. cl., thus demonstrating exactly how untethered this interpr. is: “durch dessen Lieder{ihr das könnt/ihr so heiss/ihr gepriesen werdet} (?).” Renou, by contrast, eliminates the rel. cl. by folding it into a voc.: “(toi) par les paroles de qui (les chose se réalisent)” – though it still requires extensive material to fill it out, again based on nothing.

My solution is to take ā́kṛṇudhvam as the verb of the rel. cl.: the Saṃhitā text of course reads ā́kṛṇudhvam; it is only the Pp. that inserts a notional word space after ā́. If we instead interpr. the sequence as an augmented imperfect, with accent on the augment, that is, ā + ákṛṇudhvam (which does not require emendation), we do not have to fill out the rel. cl., because it already has an accented verb and that verb has an object: “you made the moving world your own.” This expression, ā́√kṛ (middle)

• INSTR. has close parallels, one containing gīrbhíḥ as here: cf. I.77.2 tám ū námobhir ā́krṇ̥ udhvam / X.6.5 agníṃ gīrbhír námobhir ā́krṇ̥ udhvam. In both those passages I tr. “attract here with reverence (and hymns).” The difference in interpr. may be ascribed to the fact that in our passage here, the gods are subj. and the hymns come from the human poet, whereas in the two passages just cited mortals are also the subj.

However, I may want to rethink both of those passages, to “make him [/Agni] your own.” Since in both passages Agni is the object, he does not have to be attracted here, since as the ritual fire he already is here.

Thus, by my interpr. all of cd is a rel. cl., dependent on a “for him” or the like to be supplied in the main cl. of ab. Note that both Geldner (“dem”) and Scarlatta. (“für ihn”) must supply the same beneficial dative, but they do so with the supposed main cl.

verb ā́kṛṇudhvam in d. Although my interpr. produces an awk English tr., it accounts for the Sanskrit considerably better than the alternatives. What it means for the gods to “make the moving world their own” I’m not sure – but perhaps the usual RVic notion that human praises strengthen the gods for their heroic deeds and, perhaps in this case, that these praises bring the gods and their human worshipers (part of the “moving world”) into a closer relationship.

Bulls of the Earth, O Vata and Parjanya, stir up for us the regions of the water.
Hearers of truth, ye, Sages, World-Supporters, increase his living wealth whose songs delight you.

Parjanya und Vata, ihr Bullen der Erde, belebet die Wasserquellen! Ihr die Wahrheit erhörenden Seher, du Wagenlenker der lebenden Welt, machet alles was lebt, dem geneigt, an dessen Loblied ihr Freude habt!

Beeilt, o Stiere, Wind und Wetterwolke, das wasserreiche Dunstgewölk der Erde; Auf wessen Ruf, o Seher, Wahrheit hörend ihr kommt, dem schenkt, was fest ist und beweglich.

О Парджанья и Вата, два быка земли,
Оживите водные источники!
О поэты, слышащие истину, чьими песнями (вы прославляетесь),
Предоставьте (ему) живой мир, (и ты,) о возница живого мира!

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

पा᳓वीरवी कनि᳓या चित्र᳓आयुः
स᳓रस्वती वीर᳓पत्नी धि᳓यं धात्
ग्ना᳓भिर् अ᳓छिद्रं शरणं᳓ सजो᳓षा
दुराध᳓र्षं गृणते᳓ श᳓र्म यंसत्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
citrā́yuḥ ← citrā́yus- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

kanyā̀ ← kanyā̀- ~ kanī́n- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

pā́vīravī ← pā́vīravī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

dhāt ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dhíyam ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

sárasvatī ← sárasvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

vīrápatnī ← vīrápatnī- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

áchidram ← áchidra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

gnā́bhiḥ ← gnā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

sajóṣāḥ ← sajóṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

śaraṇám ← śaraṇá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

durādhárṣam ← durādhárṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

gr̥ṇaté ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śárma ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

yaṁsat ← √yam- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

पावी॑रवी । क॒न्या॑ । चि॒त्रऽआ॑युः । सर॑स्वती । वी॒रऽप॑त्नी । धिय॑म् । धा॒त् ।
ग्नाभिः॑ । अच्छि॑द्रम् । श॒र॒णम् । स॒ऽजोषाः॑ । दुः॒ऽआ॒धर्ष॑म् । गृ॒ण॒ते । शर्म॑ । यं॒स॒त् ॥

• pāvīravī ← pāvīrava
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine

• kanyā
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “girl; daughter; kanyā; virgin; Aloe perfoliata; Aloe Indica; female child; kanyā [word]; burn plant.”

• citrāyuḥ ← citra
• [noun]
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• citrāyuḥ ← āyuḥ ← āyus
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

• sarasvatī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Sarasvati; Sarasvatī; language; voice; speech; eloquence; balloon vine; river.”

• vīrapatnī ← vīra
• [noun], masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• vīrapatnī ← patnī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “wife; mistress; queen.”

• dhiyaṃ ← dhiyam ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• dhāt ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• gnābhir ← gnābhiḥ ← gnā
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “goddess.”

• acchidraṃ ← acchidram ← acchidra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “uninjured; unbroken.”

• śaraṇaṃ ← śaraṇam ← śaraṇa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “refuge; safety; shelter; house; protection.”

• sajoṣā ← sajoṣāḥ ← sajoṣas
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “consentaneous; combined; associated; united.”

• durādharṣaṃ ← durādharṣam ← durādharṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “invincible; dangerous.”

• gṛṇate ← gṛ
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “praise.”

• śarma ← śarman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• yaṃsat ← yam
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “concentrate; grant; restrain; cause; control; offer; cover; raise.”

पावीरवी शोधयित्री कन्या कमनीया चित्रायुः चित्रगमना चित्रान्ना वा वीरपत्नी । वीरः प्रजापतिः पतिर्यस्यास्तादृशी । यद्वा । वीराणां पालयित्री । एवंभूता सरस्वती धियम् अस्मदीयं कर्म यज्ञाख्यं धात् दधातु । धारयतु । ददातु वा । शब्देन प्रतिपादितो ह्यर्थोऽनुष्ठीयते । अपि च ग्नाभिः देवपत्नीभिः सजोषाः सह प्रीयमाणा । यद्वा । ग्नाः गायत्र्यादीनि छन्दांसि । ‘ छन्दांसि वै ग्नाः’ ( तै. सं. ५. १. ७. २ ) इति श्रुतेः । तैः सह प्रीयमाणा गृणते स्तुवते मह्यम् अच्छिद्रं छिद्ररहितं दुराधर्षं शत्रुभिः शीतवातादिभिश्च धर्षितुमशक्यं शरणं गृहं शर्म सुखं च यंसत् प्रयच्छतु ॥

English translation:

“May the purifying, amiable, graceful Sarasvatī, the bride of the hero, favour our pious rite; may she, together with the wives of the gods, well plural ased, bestow upon him who praises her a habitation free from defects and impenetrable (to wind and rain), and (grant him) felicity.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Amiable: kanyā = a maiden (gnāḥ gāyajyādīni chandāṃsi, chandāṃsi vai gnāḥ: Taitirīya Saṃhitā 5.1.7.2); kamanīyā, to be desired or loved;

Vīrapatnī = the wife of the hero (Prajāpati or Brahmā); or, simply, the protectress of heroes or of men

The daughter of Pavīru, the maiden with a brilliant lifespan, Sarasvatī, whose husband is a hero, will confer poetic insight.
Together with the (divine) ladies she will hold out to the singer unbroken shelter, protection difficult to assail.

After the syntactic pyrotechnics of the previous vs., this one comes as a relief. Because of the subjunctive yaṃsat ending the vs., I assume a modal value also for dhāt ending the first hemistich, as do Geldner and Renou

So may Sarasvati, the Hero’s Consort, brisk with rare life, the lightning’s Child, inspire us,
And, with the Dames accordant, give the singer a refuge unassailable and flawless.

Die Tochter des Paviru, das Mädchen von wunderbarer Lebenskraft, die Sarasvati, die Heldengöttin möge guten Gedanken eingeben. Mit den Götterfrauen vereint möge sie dichten Schirm, unantastbaren Schutz dem Sänger gewähren.

Die lebensfrische Maid, die blitzerzeugte. Sarasvati erhör, die Heldengattin, Vereint den Weibern reiche sichern Schutz sie, dem Sänger Zuflucht, der kein Feind sich nahet.

Дочь молнии с яркой жизненной силой,
Сарасвати, жена героев, пусть даст (нам) вдохновение!
Единодушная с божественными женами, пусть дарует щит
Без прорех, непреодолимую защиту певцу!

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• ब्राह्म्युष्निक्
• ऋषभः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

पथ᳓स्-पथः प᳓रिपतिं वचस्या᳓
का᳓मेन कृतो᳓ अभि᳓ आनळ् अर्क᳓म्
स᳓ नो रासच् छुरु᳓धश् चन्द्र᳓अग्रा
धि᳓यं-धियं सीषधाति प्र᳓ पूषा᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
páripatim ← páripati- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pathás-pathaḥ ← pánthā- ~ path- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vacasyā́ ← vacasyā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ānaṭ ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

arkám ← arká- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

kā́mena ← kā́ma- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥táḥ ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

candrā́grāḥ ← candrā́gra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

rāsat ← √rā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śurúdhaḥ ← śurúdh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

dhíyaṁ-dhiyam ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)

pūṣā́ ← pūṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sīṣadhāti ← √sādh- ~ sidh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

प॒थःऽप॑थः । परि॑ऽपतिम् । व॒च॒स्या । कामे॑न । कृ॒तः । अ॒भि । आ॒न॒ट् । अ॒र्कम् ।
सः । नः॒ । रा॒स॒त् । शु॒रुधः॑ । च॒न्द्रऽअ॑ग्राः । धिय॑म्ऽधियम् । सी॒स॒धा॒ति॒ । प्र । पू॒षा ॥

• pathas ← pathaḥ ← pathin
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”

• pathaḥ ← pathin
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “way; road; path [word]; journey; method.”

• paripatiṃ ← paripatim ← paripati
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• vacasyā
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “eloquence.”

• kāmena ← kāma
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wish; desire; sexual love; sexual desire; desire; Kama; sensuality; love; purpose; sexual arousal; pleasure; enjoyment; licentiousness; kāma [word]; sexual intercourse; thorn apple; wish.”

• kṛto ← kṛtaḥ ← kṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• abhy ← abhī ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• ānaﾱ ← ānaṭ ← naś
• [verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “reach; achieve; enter (a state); reach.”

• arkam ← arka
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• rāsacchurudhaś ← rāsat ← rā
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “give; impart.”

• rāsacchurudhaś ← śurudhaḥ ← śurudh
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine

• candrāgrā ← candra
• [noun], neuter
• “gold.”

• candrāgrā ← agrāḥ ← agra
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”

• dhiyaṃ ← dhiyam ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• dhiyaṃ ← dhiyam ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• sīṣadhāti ← sādh
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “promote; succeed.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pūṣā ← pūṣan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Pushan; pūṣan [word]; sun.”

पथस्पथः सर्वस्य मार्गस्य परिपतिम् अधिपतिम् अर्कम् अर्चनीयं पूषणं कामेन काम्यमानेन फलेन कृतः वशीकृतः स्तोता वचस्या स्तुत्या अभ्यानट् अभ्यश्नुताम् । प्राप्नोतु । सः च पूषा नः अस्मभ्यं शुरुधः शुचो रोधयित्रीः गाः चन्द्राग्राः । चन्द्रमिति हिरण्यनाम । हिरण्यप्रमुखा यद्वा स्वर्णशृङ्गाः रासत् ददातु ॥ ‘रा दाने ’ । अस्माल्लेटि रूपम् ॥ तथा धियंधियं सर्वमस्मदीयं कर्म स पूषा प्र सीषधाति प्रसाधयतु ॥ ᳓

पथस्पथः सर्वस्य मार्गस्य । ‘कस्कादिषु च’ (पा.सू. 8.3.48) इति विसर्जनीयस्य सकारः, अनुदात्तस्य च यत्रोदात्तलोपः’ (पा.सू. 6.1.161) इति विभक्तेरुदात्तत्वम्, ‘अनुदात्तं च’ (पा.सू. 8.1.3) इत्याम्रेडितस्यानुदात्तत्वम् । परिपतिं परिपालयितारम् । अव्ययपूर्वपदप्रकृतिस्वरत्वम् (पा.सू. 6.2.2) । अर्कं स्तोतव्यम् । अर्क स्तवने, कर्मणि घञ्; (पा.सू. 3.3.19) अर्चतेर्वा घञ्, ‘चजोः कु घिण्यतोः’ (पा.सू. 7.3.52) इति कुत्वम्, उभयत्राप्युञ्छादित्वात् (पा.सू. 6.1.160) अन्तोदात्तत्वम् । ईदृशं हि पूषणं कामेन वशीकृतो जनः वचस्या वचसा स्तोत्ररूपेण । तृतीयैकवचनस्य याजादेशः (पा.सू. 7.1.39) । अभ्यानट् अभिप्राप्नोति । तस्मादहमप्यद्य त्वामुपागतोस्मीति भावः । अशू व्याप्तौ, ‘छन्दसि लुङ्लङ्लिटः’ (पा.सू. 3.4.6) इति लङ्, श्नम् । परस्मैपदे व्यत्ययेन हल्ङ्यादिलोपे (पा.सू. 6.1.168) व्रश्चादिना षत्वम् (पा.सू. 8.2.36) । यद्वा - नशेर्गतिकर्मणः लुङि ‘मन्त्रे घस’ (पा.सू. 2.4.80) इति च्लेर्लुक्, ‘छन्दस्यपि दृश्यते’ (पा.सू. 6.4.73) इत्याडागमः ।
स पूषा नोऽस्मभ्यं रासत् ददातु । रातेर्लेटि ‘सिब्बहुलं लेटि’ (पा.सू. 3.1.34) इति सिप्, ‘लेटोडाटौ’ (पा.सू. 3.4.94) इत्यडागमः । किं ददातु ? - शुरुधः शोकस्य रुधः निवारयित्रीः । क्विप् (पा.सू. 3.2.178), कृदुत्तरपदप्रकृतिस्वरत्वम् (पा.सू. 6.2.139), पृषोदरादित्वात् (पा.सू. 6.3.109) व्यञ्जनस्य लोपः । काः पुनस्ताः ? - चन्द्राग्राः ओषधीः ; चन्द्रः हिरण्यं, असितजातिर्वा चन्द्रः, सः अग्रं प्रधानमीश्वरो वा यासां ताः अस्मभ्यं ददातु ।

इदानीं प्रज्ञावतामेव धनवत्तया प्रयोजनमिति तां प्रार्थयते - धियंधियमित्यादिना चतुर्थेन पादेन ॥ सर्वां धियं प्रज्ञाम् । स पूषा प्रकर्षेण सीषधाति साधयत्वस्माकम् । सिद्ध्यतेर्ण्यन्ताद्धातुत्वे कृते लेटि ‘बहुळं छन्दसि’ (पा.सू. 2.4.76) इति शप्श्लुद्विर्वचनानि, ‘बहुळं छन्दसि’ (पा.सू. 7.4.78) इत्यभ्यासस्येत्वम्, तुजादित्वात् (पा.सू. 6.1.7) अभ्यासस्य दीर्घः, वर्णव्यत्ययेन धातोर्ह्रस्वत्वम्, ‘लेटोऽडाटौ’ (पा.सू. 3.4.94) इत्यात्वम्, ‘छन्दस्युभयथा’ (पा.सू. 3.4.117) इति लेट आर्धधातुकत्वाण्णिलोपः, ‘इण्कोः’ (पा.सू. 8.3.57) इति षत्वम् । यद्वा - विकरणव्यत्ययेन च्लेः ‘णिश्रि’ (पा.सू. 3.1.48) इत्यादिना चङ्द्विर्वचनादिः, णौ चङ्युपधाया ह्रस्वत्वम् (पा.सू. 7.4.1) ॥

English translation:

“May (the worshipper), influenced by the hope (of reward), approach with praise the adorable (Pūṣan), protector of all path; may he bestow upon us cows with golden horns; may Pūṣan bring to perfection our every rite.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Protector: pathaspathaḥ paripatim: Pūṣan is the lord of the paths

I will direct my eloquence to the complete protector of every path. Prompted by desire, he has attained the chant.
He will bestow on us proliferating riches tipped with gold; he will cause every visionary thought to reach its goal—Pūṣan.

With most (Grassmann, Geldner, Renou), the published translation takes the hapax páripati- as ultimately derived from √pā ‘protect’, not páti- ‘lord’. However, this analysis has grave formal problems not solved by Renou’s cavalier “hapax tiré de pā- … mais influencé, pour la forme, par páti”: it would be quite difficult to get a short-vowel root syllable pafrom √pā by any normal derivational process. I now think that it is a cmpd. of -páti-, even though Wackernagel’s ‘ringsum Herr’ (AiG II.1.260) reflecting this analysis is not terribly satisfactory. My change of heart was occasioned by considering the first verse in the first hymn of the Pūṣan cycle that begins soon after this hymn, VI.53.1, whose first pāda ends pathas pate “o lord of the path.” I would now tr. our passage, “the complete lord of every path.” It might be worth noting that VI.53.1 also enlists Pūṣan’s help with our dhī́- ‘visionary thought’, as here.

Most take vacasyā́as instr. sg. to the -ā́stem vacasyā́- ‘eloquence’, requiring a verb to be supplied (e.g., Geldner “(preise ich)”). I instead interpr. it as 1st sg. act. to the denom. vacasya- (not otherwise found accented). There are two problems with my analysis: 1) the other two forms of the verb vacasya- are medial; 2) vacasyā́is accented, though supposedly a main-cl. verb. The first is not too difficult: verbs of proclaiming/praising can be labile with regard to voice. The second is more problematic and might require me to follow the standard view, tr. “(I praise, vel sim.) with my eloquence.” But see disc. of vardháyā in 10b, where I suggest that our vacasyā́here is indeed a verb and has borrowed its verbal accent from vardháyā.

The phrase kā́mena kṛtáḥ is used of Pūṣan also in nearby VI.58.3-4.

I praise with eloquence him who guards all pathways. He, when his love impelled him, went to Arka.
May he vouchsafe us gear with gold to grace it: may Pusan make each prayer of ours efective.

Lord of each way with eloquence;
Driven by love he went to Arka;
May he give us the comfort of gold,
May Pusan further our every prayer.

Den Hüter eines jeden Weges preise ich mit Beredsamkeit. Der Verliebte hat den Preis gewonnen. Er schenke uns Belohnungen mit Gold an der Spitze. Jedes Gebet möge Pusan zum Ziel führen.

Zum Hüter jedes Weges drang das Loblied, das durch Begier aus Liederlust geschaffne; Er, Puschan, schenk uns glanzerfüllte Labung und möge jede Bitte uns erfüllen.

( Я славлю) красноречиво охранителя каждого пути.
Охваченный желанием, он встретил (дружелюбно мою) песнь.
Пусть он даст нам вознаграждения, увенчанные золотом!
Пусть Пушан приводит к цели каждую молитву!

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्रथमभा᳓जं यश᳓सं वयोधां᳓
सुपाणिं᳓ देवं᳓ सुग᳓भस्तिम् ऋ᳓भ्वम्
हो᳓ता यक्षद् यजत᳓म् पस्ति᳓यानाम्
अग्नि᳓स् त्व᳓ष्टारं सुह᳓वं विभा᳓वा

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
prathamabhā́jam ← prathamabháj- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vayodhā́m ← vayodhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yaśásam ← yaśás- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

devám ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ŕ̥bhvam ← ŕ̥bhva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sugábhastim ← sugábhasti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

supāṇím ← supāṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

hótā ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pastyā̀nām ← pastyā̀- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

yajatám ← yajatá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yakṣat ← √yaj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

agníḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

suhávam ← suháva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tváṣṭāram ← tváṣṭar- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vibhā́vā ← vibhā́van- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

प्र॒थ॒म॒ऽभाज॑म् । य॒शस॑म् । व॒यः॒ऽधाम् । सु॒ऽपा॒णिम् । दे॒वम् । सु॒ऽगभ॑स्तिम् । ऋभ्व॑म् ।
होता॑ । य॒क्ष॒त् । य॒ज॒तम् । प॒स्त्या॑नाम् । अ॒ग्निः । त्वष्टा॑रम् । सु॒ऽहव॑म् । वि॒भाऽवा॑ ॥

• prathamabhājaṃ ← prathama
• [noun]
• “first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”

• prathamabhājaṃ ← bhājam ← bhāj
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “enjoying; consisting of.”

• yaśasaṃ ← yaśasam ← yaśas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “esteemed; celebrated; glorious; honorable.”

• vayodhāṃ ← vayaḥ ← vayas
• [noun], neuter
• “age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

• vayodhāṃ ← dhām ← dhā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “giving.”

• supāṇiṃ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• supāṇiṃ ← pāṇim ← pāṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hand; hoof; pāṇi [word].”

• devaṃ ← devam ← deva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• sugabhastim ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sugabhastim ← gabhastim ← gabhasti
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “beam; hand; sun.”

• ṛbhvam ← ṛbhva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “adroit.”

• hotā ← hotṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Hotṛ.”

• yakṣad ← yakṣat ← yaj
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

• yajatam ← yajata
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “holy; august; sacrificial.”

• pastyānām ← pastyā
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “river; dwelling.”

• agnis ← agniḥ ← agni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• tvaṣṭāraṃ ← tvaṣṭāram ← tvaṣṭṛ
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Tvaṣṭṛ; Viśvakarman; sun.”

• suhavaṃ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suhavaṃ ← havam ← hava
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “invocation.”

• vibhāvā ← vibhāvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “illuminating; shining.”

प्रथमभाजं प्रथम उत्पत्तिकाल एव विभक्तारं जन्तूनाम् । यावच्छो वै रेतसः सिक्तस्य त्वष्टा रूपाणि विकरोति तावच्छो वै तत्प्र जायते ’ ( तै. सं. १. ५. ९. १ ) इति श्रुतेः । यशसं यशस्विनं वयोधां वयसोऽन्नस्य हविर्लक्षणस्य धातारं धारयितारं यद्वा स्तोतृभ्योऽन्नप्रदं सुपाणिम् । हस्तस्य मणिबन्धादूर्ध्वप्रदेशः पाणिः । शोभनपाणिकं देवं दानादिगुणयुक्तं सुगभस्तिम् । गभस्तिरिति बाहुनाम। शोभनदोर्दण्डम् ऋभ्वम् उरु भासमानं महान्तं वा पस्त्यानाम् । पस्त्यमिति गृहनाम। तत्स्थानां यजतं यष्टव्यम् । गृहस्थैर्यजनीयमित्यर्थः । सुहवं सुखेन ह्वातुं शक्यम् । एवंभूतं त्वष्टारं होता देवानामाह्वाता विभावा दीप्यमानः अग्निः यक्षत् यजत् । अनेन हविषा यजतु ॥

English translation:

“May the illustrious Agni, the invoker of the gods, worship (with this oblation), Tvaṣṭā, the first divider (of forms), the renowned, the giver of food, the well-handed, the vast, the adored of householders, the readily invoked.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The adored: yajatam pastyānām: pastyam = house, and by metonymy used for householder, gṛhasthair yajanīyam

To him who receives the first portion, the glorious conferrer of vigor, the skillful god with lovely palms and lovely hands
who deserves the sacrifice of the dwelling places—to Tvaṣṭar easy to invoke will far-radiant Agni, the Hotar, sacrifice.

May Herald Agni, fulgent, bring for worship Tvastar adored, in homes and swift to listen,
Glorious, first to share, the life-bestower, the ever active God, fair-armed, fair-handed.

Den Gott, dem der Vorrang gebührt, den angesehenen, kraftverleihenden, schönhändigen, schönarmigen, geschickten soll der erstrahlende Agni, der Hotri, anbeten, den Angebeteten der Häuser, den leicht zu errufenden Tvastri.

Dem schönen, der zuerst empfängt und Kraft gibt, dem Gott, der kunstvoll wirkt mit Arm und Händen, Dem opferreichen Tvaschtar opfre Agni, der Häuser lichter Priester ihm, der gern hört.

Имеющего право на первую долю, блистательного, дающего силу
Бога с прекрасными ладонями, прекрасными руками, искусного
Тваштара, достойного жертв, легкопризываемого,
Пусть почтит ярко сверкающий Агни-хотар, (бог) дома.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

भु᳓वनस्य पित᳓रं गीर्भि᳓र् आभी᳓
रुद्रं᳓ दि᳓वा वर्ध᳓या रुद्र᳓म् अक्तउ᳓
बृह᳓न्तम् ऋष्व᳓म् अज᳓रं सुषुम्न᳓म्
ऋ᳓धग् घुवेम कवि᳓नेषिता᳓सः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ābhíḥ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

bhúvanasya ← bhúvana- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

pitáram ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

aktaú ← aktú- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

dívā ← dívā (invariable)

rudrám ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rudrám ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vardháya ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ajáram ← ajára- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

br̥hántam ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥ṣvám ← r̥ṣvá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

suṣumnám ← suṣumná- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

huvema ← √hū- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

iṣitā́saḥ ← √iṣ- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

kavínā ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

ŕ̥dhak ← ŕ̥dhak (invariable)

भुव॑नस्य । पि॒तर॑म् । गीः॒ऽभिः । आ॒भिः । रु॒द्रम् । दिवा॑ । व॒र्धय॑ । रु॒द्रम् । अ॒क्तौ ।
बृ॒हन्त॑म् । ऋ॒ष्वम् । अ॒जर॑म् । सु॒ऽसु॒म्नम् । ऋध॑क् । हु॒वे॒म॒ । क॒विना॑ । इ॒षि॒तासः॑ ॥

• bhuvanasya ← bhuvana
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”

• pitaraṃ ← pitaram ← pitṛ
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

• ābhī ← ābhiḥ ← idam
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• rudraṃ ← rudram ← rudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• divā
• [adverb]
• “by day; divā [indecl.].”

• vardhayā ← vardhaya ← vardhay ← √vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “increase; strengthen; promote; rear; add; greet; laud.”

• rudram ← rudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• aktau ← aktu
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “night; dark; beam.”

• bṛhantam ← bṛhat
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”

• ṛṣvam ← ṛṣva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “distinguished; high; noble; enormous.”

• ajaraṃ ← ajaram ← ajara
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “undecaying; ageless.”

• suṣumnam ← suṣumna
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• ṛdhagghuvema ← ṛdhak
• [adverb]
• “away; apart.”

• ṛdhagghuvema ← huvema ← hu
• [verb], plural, Aorist optative
• “sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”

• kavineṣitāsaḥ ← kavinā ← kavi
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• kavineṣitāsaḥ ← iṣitāsaḥ ← iṣay ← √iṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural

भुवनस्य भूतजातस्य पितरं पालयितारं रुद्रम् । रुत् दुःखम् । तत् द्रावयितारमीश्वरम् आभिः गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः दिवा अहनि हे स्तोतः वर्धय । अक्तौ रात्र्यां च तमेव रुद्रं स्तुतिभिर्वर्धय । वयं च कविना प्राज्ञेन रुद्रेण इषितासः प्रेरिताः सन्त: बृहन्तं महान्तम् ऋष्वं दर्शनीयम् अजरं जरारहितं सुषुम्नं शोभनसुखमेवंगुणविशिष्टं रुद्रम् ऋधक् ऋद्धं समृद्धं यथा भवति तथा हुवेम स्तवाम ॥ ॥ ६ ॥

English translation:

“Exalt Rudra, the parent of the world, with these hmns by day; (exalt) Rudra (with them) by night; animated by the far-seeing, we invoke him, mighty, of plural asing aspect, undecaying, endowed with felicity, (the source of) prosperity.”

The father of creation: with these hymns strengthen Rudra by day, Rudra by night;
the lofty, high, ageless, very gracious one would we invoke separately, roused by the poet.

The form vardháyā can be either 2nd sg. impv. (Grassmann, Geldner) or 1st sg.

subjunctive (Renou). I opt for the latter, partly because there seem to be no other unambiguous impvs. addressed to priests/mortals in this hymn; the priestly/poetic function is represented by 1st sg. (e.g., stuṣé 1a) and 1st pl. (e.g., huvema pāda d this vs.) verbs. It is also accented despite pāda-medial position, presumably because it lies in the center of a balanced construction: rudráṃ dívā … rudrám aktaú “Rudra by day … Rudra by night.” Given this accented, non-initial, 1st sg. subj., I wonder if vacasyā́in 8a is in fact also a verb (as in my first analysis, represented in the published

tr.) and has borrowed its accent from vardháyā.

Despite Geldner’ and Renou’s comments, considering ‘separately’ (‘allein’, ‘à part’) for ṛ́dhak only to reject it, this must be the correct tr. In his n. 10d Geldner cites II.33.4, where we hope not to anger Rudra by invoking him with an invocation shared with another god or gods. See comm. ad loc. The fact that Rudra’s sons are addressed in the next vs. (11), as well as namelessly in 6cd (see above), might make the need for a separate invocation of Rudra all the more acute.

Rudra by day, Rudra at night we honour with these our songs, the Universe’s Father.
Him great and lofty, blissful, undecaying let us call specially as the Sage impels us.

Rudra, den Vater der Welt, erbaue mit diesen Lobesworten bei Tag, Rudra in der Nacht! Den hohen, erhabenen, alterlosen, wohlwollenden Gott wollen wir recht anrufen, von dem Weisen angeregt.

Den Weltenvater stärk mit diesen Liedern am Tag den Rudra und bei Nacht den Rudra, Den hohen, grossen, ewig jungen, holden lasst rufen uns zusammt erregt vom Dichter.

Этими хвалебными песнями отца мироздания
Рудру днем я хочу усилить, Рудру – ночью!
Могучего, высокого, нестареющего, очень благожелательного
Мы хотим призвать, как следует, вдохновленные поэтом.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

आ᳓ युवानः कवयो यज्ञियासो
म᳓रुतो गन्त᳓ गृणतो᳓ वरस्या᳓म्
अचित्रं᳓ चिद् धि᳓ जि᳓न्वथा वृध᳓न्त
इत्था᳓ न᳓क्षन्तो नरो अङ्गिरस्व᳓त्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

kavayaḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

yajñiyāsaḥ ← yajñíya- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

yuvānaḥ ← yúvan- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

gantá ← √gam- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

gr̥ṇatáḥ ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

márutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

varasyā́m ← varasyā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

acitrám ← acitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

hí ← hí (invariable)

jínvatha ← √ji- 2 ~ jinv- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vr̥dhántaḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

aṅgirasvát ← aṅgirasvát (invariable)

itthā́ ← itthā́ (invariable)

nákṣantaḥ ← √nakṣ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

naraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

आ । यु॒वा॒नः॒ । क॒व॒यः॒ । य॒ज्ञि॒या॒सः॒ । मरु॑तः । ग॒न्त । गृ॒ण॒तः । व॒र॒स्याम् ।
अ॒चि॒त्रम् । चि॒त् । हि । जिन्व॑थ । वृ॒धन्तः॑ । इ॒त्था । नक्ष॑न्तः । न॒रः॒ । अ॒ङ्गि॒र॒स्वत् ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yuvānaḥ ← yuvan
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “young; youthful.”

• kavayo ← kavayaḥ ← kavi
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• yajñiyāso ← yajñiyāsaḥ ← yajñiya
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “sacrificial; divine; devoted.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ganta ← gam
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

• gṛṇato ← gṛṇataḥ ← gṛ
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “praise.”

• varasyām ← varasyā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine

• acitraṃ ← acitram ← acitra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• ciddhi ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• ciddhi ← hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• jinvathā ← jinvatha ← jinv
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “enliven; animate.”

• vṛdhanta ← vṛdhantaḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• itthā
• [adverb]
• “thus; here.”

• nakṣanto ← nakṣantaḥ ← nakṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “reach; approach.”

• naro ← naraḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• aṅgirasvat
• [adverb]

हे युवानः नित्यतरुणाः कवयः प्राज्ञाः यज्ञियासः यज्ञार्हा एवंभूता हे मरुतः गृणतः स्तुवतः वरस्यां वरणीयां स्तुतिं प्रति आ गन्त आगच्छत । अपि च हे नरः नेतारो मरुतः इत्था इत्थमनेन प्रकारेण वृधन्तः वर्धमानाः । यद्वा इत्था अमुत्रान्तरिक्षे नक्षन्तः व्याप्नुवन्तः अङ्गिरस्वत् । अङ्गिरसो गमनशीला रश्मयः । ते यथा शीघ्रं नभस्तलं व्याप्नुवन्ति तद्वत् । यद्वा । ऋषय एवाङ्गिरसः । तद्वच्छीघ्रगामिनः । एवंभूता यूयम् अचित्रं चित् । ओषधिवनस्पतिभिर्निबिडो देशश्चित्रम् । तद्विलक्षणम् ओषध्यादिभिर्वियुक्तमपि देशं जिन्वथ वृष्ट्या तर्पयथ। हि इति पूरणः ॥

English translation:

“Ever youthful wise, and adorable Maruts, come to the praise of your adorer; thus augmenting, leaders (of rites), and spreading (through the firmament), like rays (of light), refresh the scanty woods (with rain).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Like rays of light: nakṣanto aṅgirasvat = aṅgirasaḥ gamanaśīlāraśmayaḥ, rays endowed with motions; te yatha śīghram nabhastalam vyāpnuvanti tad vat, as they spread quickly through the sky, so) do the winds; or, if aṅgirasa is a reference to a ṛṣi, the property of rapid movement is assigned to the ṛṣis: yad va ṛṣayastad vacchīghragāminaḥ

You youths, poets deserving the sacrifice, you Maruts—come hither in response to the singer’s longing for space,
for you in your strength quicken even (a place) without brightness,
approaching in just the same way as to Aṅgiras, you superior men.

The interpr. of varasyā́- as somehow a deriv. of vára- ‘wish’, found, e.g., in Grassmann, Geldner, and AiG II.2.244, is contextually understandable: Geldner’s “Kommet … zum Bittgesuch des Sängers” makes more immediate sense than my “come hither in response to the singer’s longing for space,” with “in response to” smuggled in to make the sentence somewhat more parsable. But there is no váras- to √vṝ ‘wish, choose’, whereas váras- means ‘wide space’, something that RVic poets often express a desire for. Renou hesitates (his word), but opts for ‘desire for space’ and adduces the quite apposite I.181.9 varivasyā́gṛṇānáḥ “singing (to you) with a desire for space,” comparable to our gṛṇató varasyā́.

The causal relationship between c and ab, suggested by hí (c), is not straightforward. But in its only other occurrence (IV.51.3), acitrá- refers to a place, one without brightness, therefore by implication sterile and lifeless. Thus the desire for (positive) space expressed in b is contrasted with (negative) space that the Maruts can, nonetheless, bring to life.

I don’t understand the point of d.

Ye who are youthful, wise, and meet for worship, come, Martits, to the longing of the singer.
Coming, as erst to Angiras, O Heroes, ye animate and quicken e’en the desert.

Kommet, ihr jugendlichen, opferwürdigen Seher, ihr Marut, zum Bittgesuch des Sängers. Denn erstarkend belebt ihr auch das Unansehnliche, indem ihr hierher kommt wie zu den Angiras, ihr Herren.

Kommt her, o weise, jugendliche Maruts, ehrwürd’ge ihr, auf das Begehr des Sängers; Das Matte auch erquicket ihr belebend, o Männer, recht wie Götterboten kommend.

О юные поэты, достойные жертв,
О Маруты, придите на просьбу о милости воспевающего!
Ведь вы же оживляете даже мрачное, усиливая (его),
Приближаясь таким образом (к цели), о мужи, как (это было) у Ангирасов.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्र᳓ वीरा᳓य प्र᳓ तव᳓से तुरा᳓य
अ᳓जा यूथे᳓व पशुर᳓क्षिर् अ᳓स्तम्
स᳓ पिस्पृशति तनु᳓वि श्रुत᳓स्य
स्तृ᳓भिर् न᳓ ना᳓कं वचन᳓स्य वि᳓पः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
prá ← prá (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

taváse ← tavás- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

turā́ya ← turá- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

vīrā́ya ← vīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

ája ← √aj- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ástam ← ásta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

paśurákṣiḥ ← paśurákṣi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yūthā́ ← yūthá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

pispr̥śati ← √spr̥ś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śrutásya ← √śru- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

tanvì ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)

nā́kam ← nā́ka- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

stŕ̥bhiḥ ← stár- ~ tár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

vacanásya ← vacaná- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

vípaḥ ← víp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

प्र । वी॒राय॑ । प्र । त॒वसे॑ । तु॒राय॑ । अज॑ । यू॒थाऽइ॑व । प॒शु॒ऽरक्षिः॑ । अस्त॑म् ।
सः । पि॒स्पृ॒श॒ति॒ । त॒न्वि॑ । श्रु॒तस्य॑ । स्तृऽभिः॑ । न । नाक॑म् । व॒च॒नस्य॑ । विपः॑ ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• vīrāya ← vīra
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• tavase ← tavas
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “strong; energetic.”

• turāyājā ← turāya ← tura
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “powerful; noble; noble.”

• turāyājā ← ajā ← aj
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “drive; expel.”

• yūtheva ← yūthā ← yūtha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “herd; troop; battalion.”

• yūtheva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• paśurakṣir ← paśurakṣiḥ ← paśurakṣi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• astam ← asta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “home.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• pispṛśati ← spṛś
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “touch; enter (a state); reach; touch.”

• tanvi ← tanū
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

• śrutasya ← śru
• [verb noun], genitive, singular
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• stṛbhir ← stṛbhiḥ ← star
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “star.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• nākaṃ ← nākam ← nāka
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sky; celestial sphere; Svarga; nāka [word].”

• vacanasya ← vacana
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “expressive(p); eloquent.”

• vipaḥ ← vip
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “priest.”

वीराय विक्रान्ताय विविधं शत्रूणामीरकाय वा मरुद्गणाय प्र अज हे स्तोतः स्तुतिं प्रगमय । तथा तवसे बलिने तुराय क्षिप्रगमनाय च तस्मै गणाय प्र अज। तत्र दृष्टान्तः । पशुरक्षिः पशुपालकः यूथेव । स यथा गोयूथानि सायंकाले अस्तं गृहं शीघ्रं गमयति तद्वत् शीघ्रं स्तुतिं प्रेरयेत्यर्थः। सः च मरुद्गणः वचनस्य वक्तुः विपः विप्रस्य मेधाविनः स्तोतुः श्रुतस्य । क्रियाग्रहणमपि कर्तव्यमिति कर्मणः संप्रदानत्वात् चतुर्थ्यर्थे षष्ठी ॥ श्रुतं श्रोतव्यं स्तोत्रं तन्वि आत्मीये शरीरे पिस्पृशति स्पर्शयतु । संश्लेषयतु । तत् स्तोत्रं हृद्गतं भवत्वित्यर्थः । स्पर्शने दृष्टान्तः । स्तृभिर्न नाकम् । यथा नक्षत्रैर्नाकमन्तरिक्षं स्पर्शयति संश्लेषयति तद्वत् ॥

English translation:

“Offer adoration to the valiant, powerful, swift-movig (company of the Maruts), as the herdsman (drives his) herd to their stall; may that (company) appropriate to its own body the praises of the pious worshipper, as the firmament (is studded) with stars.”

Forth to the hero, forth to the powerful, precipitous one will I drive (praise?), as a guardian of livestock drives his flocks home.
He will make the inspired words of the speaker touch the body of him who is famed, as one makes the firmament touched by stars.

This vs. contains two exx. of case disharmony between simile and frame, one each in ab and cd.

Though Grassmann takes ájā as a 2nd sg. impv., both Geldner and Renou interpr. it as a 1st sg.

subjunctive, as do I. This would bring the count to three in this hymn, by my interpr.

(8a, 10b, 12b).

This verb takes a straightforward acc. obj. yūthā́‘herds’ in the simile, as well as an adverbial acc. goal ástam ‘home’. But in the frame it lacks an overt obj.: I supply ‘praise’, Geldner ‘Lied’, Renou ‘mon hymne’. And the goal is the personal dative of the divinity (vīrā́ya, etc.).

The mismatch between simile and frame is greater in cd, and once again the simile is the more straighforwardly expressed. The poet exploits the syntactic ambiguity of intrans./trans. -áya- formations, in the form here of the redupl. aor.

pispṛsati √spṛś ‘touch’, meaning both ‘make X [acc.] touch Y [acc./loc.]’ and, notionally passive, ‘make Y [acc.] touched by X [instr.]’. The simile uses the latter construction: “cause the firmament (acc. nā́kam = Y) to be touched by stars (instr.

stṛ́bhiḥ =X). In the frame the X is the “inspired words” (vípaḥ, acc. pl.) and the Y is the body (tanvì, in the loc., an alternative case to the acc. in this construction). Both words and body are limited by genitives, referring to the poet (vacanásya ‘of the speaker’) and the god (śrutásya ‘of the famed one’). For further disc. of the passage and of the phenomenon in general see my “Case Disharmony.” Our poet further muddies the waters by reversing the more common relationship between forms of √vip and √vac. The stem vacaná- ‘speaking, speaker’, referring to a person, is attested only 3x in the RV, whereas vácas- ‘speech’ is ubiquitous; the root noun víp- ‘inspired (word[s])’ is not uncommon, but is far outnumbered by the stem vípra- ‘inspired poet’. So we might have expected the phrase *víprasya vácaḥ “the speech of the inspired poet” (cf., though not with a gen., VIII.61.9 vípraḥ … vácaḥ), not vacanásya vípaḥ “the inspired words of the speaker.”

Even as the herdsman driveth home his cattle, I urge my songs to him the strong swift Hero
May he, the glorious, lay upon his body the singer’s hymns, as stars bedeck the heaven.

Dem starken, überlegenen Manne will ich das Lied zutreiben wie der Hirt seine Herde heimtreibt. Er lasse die Reden des beredten Sängers seinen, des Berühmten, Leib schmücken wie den Himmel mit Sternen.

Ich treibe hin zum raschen, starken Helden die Lieder, wie zum Stall der Hirt die Heerden; Des Sängers Lieder hefte der berühmte an seinen Leib wie Sterne an den Himmel.

Вперед к герою, вперед к сильному (и) могучему
Я хочу пригнать (гимн), словно пастух – (свои) стада домой.
Пусть он даст дотронуться до тела его, прославленного,
Вдохновенным словам красноречивого, как звездам до небосвода.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

यो᳓ र᳓जांसि विममे᳓ पा᳓र्थिवानि
त्रि᳓श् चिद् वि᳓ष्णुर् म᳓नवे बाधिता᳓य
त᳓स्य ते श᳓र्मन्न् उपदद्य᳓माने
राया᳓ मदेम तनु᳓वा त᳓ना च

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
pā́rthivāni ← pā́rthiva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

rájāṁsi ← rájas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

vimamé ← √mā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bādhitā́ya ← √bādhⁱ- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

cit ← cit (invariable)

mánave ← mánu- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

trís ← trís (invariable)

víṣṇuḥ ← víṣṇu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śárman ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

tásya ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

upadadyámāne ← √dad- (root)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}

ca ← ca (invariable)

madema ← √mad- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rāyā́ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

tánā ← tán- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

tanvā̀ ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

यः । रजां॑सि । वि॒ऽम॒मे । पार्थि॑वानि । त्रिः । चि॒त् । विष्णुः॑ । मन॑वे । बा॒धि॒ताय॑ ।
तस्य॑ । ते॒ । शर्म॑न् । उ॒प॒ऽद॒द्यमा॑ने । रा॒या । म॒दे॒म॒ । त॒न्वा॑ । तना॑ । च॒ ॥

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• rajāṃsi ← rajas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”

• vimame ← vimā ← √mā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “arrange; distribute; barter; measure; fixate.”

• pārthivāni ← pārthiva
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “earthly; earthen; mundane; royal; tellurian; sublunar.”

• triś ← tris
• [adverb]
• “thrice; tris [word].”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• viṣṇur ← viṣṇuḥ ← viṣṇu
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”

• manave ← manu
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Manu; mantra; Manusmṛti; fourteen; man; manu [word]; Vaivasvata; incantation; sacred text.”

• bādhitāya ← bādh
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “afflict; annoy; chase away; tease; grieve; irritate.”

• tasya ← tad
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• śarmann ← śarman
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• upadadyamāne ← upadā ← √dā
• [verb noun], locative, singular

• rāyā ← rai
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• madema ← mad
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

• tanvā ← tanu
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “body; embodiment; life; life; root; body; form.”

• tanā ← tan
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “continuity; sequence; longevity.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

यः विष्णुः बाधिताय असुरैर्हिंसिताय मनवे प्रजापतये तदर्थं पार्थिवानि पृथिव्या संबद्धानि रजांसि लोकान् । त्रींल्लोकानिति यावत् । त्रिः विममे। चित् इत्यवधारणे । त्रिभिरेव विक्रमणैः परिमितवान् । हे विष्णो तस्य तादृशस्य ते तव । तृतीयार्थे षष्ठी । ईदृशेन त्वया उपदद्यमाने अस्मभ्यं दीयमाने शर्मन् शर्मणि गृहे सुखे वा वर्तमानाः सन्तो वयं राया धनेन तन्वा रोगादिरहितेन शरीरेण च तना तनयेन पुत्रेण च मदेम मोदेम । हृष्टा भवेम ॥

English translation:

“May we be happy in a home, in riches, in person nn, in children, bestowd upon us by you, Viṣṇu, who with three (steps) made the terrestrial reions for Manu when harassed (by the asuras).”

He who measured out the earthly realms three times exactly, for Manu, who was hard-pressed—Viṣṇu—
in this shelter of yours (still) being offered might we rejoice with wealth, with life and lineage.

Another syntactic trick, though far less complex than in the last vs. The first half-vs., describing Viṣṇu’s cosmogonic deed, is couched in the 3rd ps., with the pf. vimamé ‘he measured out’, but in the 2nd half, expressing our present-day desire to live under Viṣṇu’s protection, the god is in the more intimate 2nd ps., in the phrase tásya te, lit. “of this you,” where tásya provides the syntactic pivot to 2nd sg. enclitic te. On such doublings see my “sa figé.” For “hard-pressed Manu” (mánave bādhitā́ya), see the same phrase in VII.91.1, where, as here, a god (or gods) perform(s) a cosmogonic deed that allows the sacrifice to be instituted.

He who for man’s behoof in his afiliction thrice measured out the earthly regions, Visnu-
When one so great as thou affordeth shelter, may we with wealth and with ourselves be happy.

Nachdem Vishnu die irdischen Räume dreimal durchmessen hat für den bedrängten Mann, wollen wir in deiner dargebotenen Zuflucht am Reichtum uns ergötzen, wir selbst mit den Kindern.

Der dreimal auch der Erde Räume ausschritt zum Nutzen des bedrängten Menschen, Vischnu, In dessen Schutze mögen wir gedeihen, den du uns reichst, an Reichthum, Leib und Kindern.

Вишну, который измерил земные просторы
Целых три раза для угнетенного человека, –
Когда предоставляется твоя защита,
Мы хотим радоваться богатству для нас и для (нашего) потомства.

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

त᳓न् नो अ᳓हिर् बुध्नि᳓यो अद्भि᳓र् अर्कइ᳓स्
त᳓त् प᳓र्वतस् त᳓त् सविता᳓ च᳓नो धात्
त᳓द् ओ᳓षधीभिर् अभि᳓ रातिषा᳓चो
भ᳓गः पु᳓रंधिर् जिन्वतु प्र᳓ राये᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
adbhíḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

áhiḥ ← áhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

arkaíḥ ← arká- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

budhnyàḥ ← budhnyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

cánaḥ ← cánas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dhāt ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

párvataḥ ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

savitā́ ← savitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

óṣadhībhiḥ ← óṣadhī- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

rātiṣā́caḥ ← rātiṣác- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bhágaḥ ← bhága- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

jinvatu ← √ji- 2 ~ jinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)

púraṁdhiḥ ← púraṁdhi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

rāyé ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

तत् । नः॒ । अहिः॑ । बु॒ध्न्यः॑ । अ॒त्ऽभिः । अ॒र्कैः । तत् । पर्व॑तः । तत् । स॒वि॒ता । चनः॑ । धा॒त् ।
तत् । ओष॑धीभिः । अ॒भि । रा॒ति॒ऽसाचः॑ । भगः॑ । पुर॑म्ऽधिः । जि॒न्व॒तु॒ । प्र । रा॒ये ॥

• tan ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• ‘hir ← ahiḥ ← ahi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”

• budhnyo ← budhnyaḥ ← budhnya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• adbhir ← adbhiḥ ← ap
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• arkais ← arkaiḥ ← arka
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

• tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• parvatas ← parvataḥ ← parvata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

• tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• savitā ← savitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”

• cano ← canaḥ ← canas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “delight.”

• dhāt ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• oṣadhībhir ← oṣadhībhiḥ ← oṣadhī
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “herb; plant; drug; herb.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• rātiṣāco ← rātiṣācaḥ ← rātiṣāc
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• bhagaḥ ← bhaga
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Bhaga; vulva; good fortune; vagina; bhaga [word]; sun; well-being; happiness; overlord.”

• purandhir ← purandhiḥ ← purandhi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• jinvatu ← jinv
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enliven; animate.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• rāye ← rai
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

बुध्न्यः । बुध्नमन्तरिक्षम् । तत्र भवः अहिः । एत्यन्तरिक्ष इत्यहिः । उक्तं च –‘अहिरयनादेत्यन्तरिक्षे ’ ( निरु. २. १७) इति । एतत्पदद्वयाभिधेयो देवः अर्कैः अर्चनसाधनैर्मन्त्रैः स्तूयमानः सन् नः अस्मभ्यं तत् लोके प्रसिद्धं चनः अन्नम् अद्भिः उदकैः सार्धं धात् दधातु विदधातु । प्रयच्छतु । पर्वतः पूरयिता । ’ पर्व पूरणे ’ इति धातुः । यद्वा । पर्ववद्वज्रं पर्वतः । तद्वान् । पर्वतस्य गिरेः शत्रुरिति वा पर्वतः । स च तत् चनो दधातु । तथा सविता प्रेरको देवश्च तत् चनो दधातु । अपि च रातिषाचः । रातिं दानं सचन्ते सेवन्ते इति रातिषाचो विश्वे देवाः । ते च ओषधीभिः । ओषः पाकः आसु धीयते इत्योषधयस्तिलमाषाद्याः । ताभिः सार्धं तत् अन्नम् अभि प्रयच्छन्तु । तथा पुरंधिः बहुधीर्बहुप्रज्ञो वा बहुकर्मा वा भगः भजनीय एतत्संज्ञो देवश्च राये धनार्थं प्र जिन्वतु अस्मान् प्रेरयतु ॥

English translation:

“May Ahirbudhnya (propitiated) by (our) hymns, and Parvata and Savitā give us food with water; may the bountiful (gods supply us), addition, with vegetable (grains); and may the all-wise Bhaga be propitious (to us) for (the acquisition of) riches.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ahirbudhnya: budhna = antarikṣa, firmament;

Budhnya = what or who is there born;

Ahi = he who goes, i.e., in the sky;

Parvata: the filler, pūrayitrī, or the wielder of the thunderbolt, parvavad-vajram tadvān; or, enemy of the mountain, gireḥ śatru; in either sense, the reference is to Indra; with vegetable grains: tad oṣadhibhir abhi = oṣadhayas tila māṣādayaḥ, the vegetables are sesamum, pulse and the like

Let Ahi Budhnya take delight in this (praise?) of ours, along with the waters and the chants; in this let the Mountain, in this let Savitar
take delight;
let the Gift-Escorts, let Fortune, let Plenitude quicken this along with the plants, for wealth.

Sweet be this song of mine to Ahibudhnya, Parvata, Savitar, with Floods and Lightnings;
Sweet, with the Plants, to Gods who seek oblations. May liberal Bhaga speed us on to riches.

Dies unser Lied möge der Drache der Tiefe mit den Gewässern und den Gesängen, dies der Berggott und Savtri gutheißen. Dies Lied mögen nebst den Pflanzen die von Gaben begleiteten Götter, Bhaga, Purandhi, begeistern, um Reichtum zu gewinnen.

Dies unser Lied nehm an der Wetterdrache, der Berg und Savitar nebst Wassern, Blitzen, Dies nebst den Kräutern auch die Gabenspender, Bhaga, Purandhi fördre uns zu Reichthum.

Так пусть Ахи Будхнья вместе с водами и огнями,
Так пусть Парвата, пусть Савитар даст нам удовлетворение!
Так пусть (божества), сопровождающие дарение,
Бхага, Пурамдхи вдохнут (в нас) жизнь для (приобретения) богатства!

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• स्वराट्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

• देवता - विश्वेदेवाः
• ऋषिः - ऋजिश्वा
• छन्दः - शक्वरी

नु᳓ नो रयिं᳓ रथि᳓यं चर्षणिप्रा᳓म्
पुरुवी᳓रम् मह᳓ ऋत᳓स्य गोपा᳓म्
क्ष᳓यं दात अज᳓रं ये᳓न ज᳓नान्
स्पृ᳓धो अ᳓देवीर् अभि᳓ च क्र᳓माम†
वि᳓श आ᳓देवीर् अभि᳓ अश्न᳓वाम

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
carṣaṇiprā́m ← carṣaṇiprā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

nú ← nú (invariable)

rathyàm ← rathī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

rayím ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

gopā́m ← gopā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

maháḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

puruvī́ram ← puruvī́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥tásya ← r̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

ajáram ← ajára- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dāta ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

jánān ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

kṣáyam ← kṣáya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yéna ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ádevīḥ ← ádeva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

cakrámāma ← √kramⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

spŕ̥dhaḥ ← spŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ā́devīḥ ← ā́deva- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

aśnávāma ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

víśaḥ ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

नु । नः॒ । र॒यिम् । र॒थ्य॑म् । च॒र्ष॒णि॒ऽप्राम् । पु॒रु॒ऽवीर॑म् । म॒हः । ऋ॒तस्य॑ । गो॒पाम् ।
क्षय॑म् । दा॒त॒ । अ॒जर॑म् । येन॑ । जना॑न् । स्पृधः॑ । अदे॑वीः । अ॒भि । च॒ । क्रमा॑म । विशः॑ । आऽदे॑वीः । अ॒भि । अ॒श्नवा॑म ॥

• nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• rayiṃ ← rayim ← rayi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• rathyaṃ ← rathyam ← rathya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• carṣaṇiprām ← carṣaṇi
• [noun], feminine
• “people.”

• carṣaṇiprām ← prām ← prā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “appreciated.”

• puruvīram ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• puruvīram ← vīram ← vīra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• maha ← mahaḥ ← mah
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• ṛtasya ← ṛta
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

• gopām ← gopā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “herder; defender.”

• kṣayaṃ ← kṣayam ← kṣaya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “dwelling; house; kṣaya [word]; home; family.”

• dātājaraṃ ← dāta ← dā
• [verb], plural, Aorist imperative
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• dātājaraṃ ← ajaram ← ajara
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “undecaying; ageless.”

• yena ← yad
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• janān ← jana
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• spṛdho ← spṛdhaḥ ← spṛdh
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine

• adevīr ← adevīḥ ← adeva
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “godless.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• kramāma ← kram
• [verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “kram; step; go; continue; proceed; traverse; heat.”

• viśa ← viśaḥ ← viś
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”

• ādevīr ← ādevīḥ ← ādeva
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine

• abhy ← abhī ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• aśnavāma ← aś
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “get; reach; enter (a state).”

हे सर्वे देवाः नः अस्मभ्यं रयिं धनं क्षयं गृहं च दात प्रयच्छत। कीदृशं रयिम् । रथ्यं रथसंबन्धिनम् । रथयुक्तमित्यर्थः । चर्षणिप्राम्। चर्षणयो मनुष्याः। तेषां पूरयितारं पुरुवीरम् । वीर्याज्जायन्त इति वीराः पुत्रादयः । बहुभिर्वीरैरुपेतम् । महः महतः ऋतस्य यज्ञस्य गोपां रक्षकम् । दक्षिणारूपेण धनेन हि यज्ञो रक्ष्यते । ‘मृतो यज्ञस्त्वदक्षिणः’ इति वचनात् । कीदृशं क्षयम् । अजरं जरारहितम् । येन रयिणा क्षयेण च जनान् शत्रून् स्पृधः स्पर्धमानाः अदेवीः अदेवसंबन्धिनीः आसुरीः सेनाः च अभि क्रमाम अभिभवेम । तथा आदेवीः । आगता देवा यासु हविः स्वीकारार्थं ता आदेव्यः । तादृशीश्च विशः प्रजा यज्ञानुष्ठायिनीर्येन धनेन गृहेण च अभ्यश्नवाम अभिप्राप्नवाम तादृशं धनं गृहं च दातेत्यन्वयः ॥ ॥ ७ ॥ ॥ ४ ॥

English translation:

“Grant us, (universal gods), riches, comprehending chariots, numerous dependants, many male offspring, (wealth) the giver of efficiency to the solemn rite, and a dwelling free from decay, wherewith we may overcome malevolent men and unrighteous (spirits), and afford support to those people who are devoted to the gods.”

Now to us give wealth in chariots, filling the settled domains, consisting of many heroes, the herdsmen of great truth;
give ageless peaceful dwelling (and that) with which we will trample upon the (other) peoples, the godless contenders,
with which we will take on the godless clans.

The published translation should read “the herdsman of great truth,” since gopā́m modifies rayím.

With Oldenberg I read cakrámāma, a pf. subj., not ca krámāma, pace Klein (DGRV I.188, 190). This reading is accepted by Kümmel (147 and n. 146).

I take kṣáyam … yéna … abhí cakrámāma as an explicit “X and (which) Y” construction on grounds of content: I do not think our “peaceful dwelling” (kṣáyam) is the means by which we will trample and destroy our enemies. Instead I think we have the usual RVic implicit contrast between war and peace (yoga-kṣemá- in one rendition), with ‘peace’ expressed by a noun and war by an elaborate rel. cl.

Give riches borne on cars, with many heroes, contenting men, the guard of mighty Order.
Give us a lasting home that we may battle with godless bands of men who fight against us, and meet with tribes to whom the Gods are gracious.

Nun gebet uns Reichtum, der zu Wagen fährt, die Völker erfüllt, in vielen Söhnen besteht, einen Schützer des hohen Gesetzes und immerblühenden Wohnsitzes, womit wir die anderen Leute, die gottlosen Nebenbuhlerschaften überbieten, es mit den gottlosen Stämmen aufnehmen können!

Gebt Reichthum, Wagen voll, der Menschen sättigt, der heldenstark das grosse Recht beschirmet, Stets frische Macht, durch die wir überwinden das Menschenvolk, die gottvergessnen Feinde, (die gottvergessnen Stämme überwinden.)

Даруйте же нам сейчас богатство, едущее на колесницах, наполняющее народы,
Состоящее из многих мужей, хранителя великого закона,
Жилье нестареющее, благодаря которому
Мы смогли бы превзойти (других) людей и безбожных соперников,
Овладеть безбожными племенами!

• विश्वेदेवा:
• ऋजिश्वाः
• अतिजगती
• निषादः