०३५

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - नरः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

कदा᳓ भुवन् र᳓थक्षयाणि ब्र᳓ह्म
कदा᳓ स्तोत्रे᳓ सहस्रपोषि᳓यं दाः
कदा᳓ स्तो᳓मं वासयो अस्य राया᳓
कदा᳓ धि᳓यः करसि वा᳓जरत्नाः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
bhuvan ← √bhū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

bráhma ← bráhman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

kadā́ ← kadā́ (invariable)

ráthakṣayāṇi ← ráthakṣaya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

dāḥ ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

kadā́ ← kadā́ (invariable)

sahasrapoṣyàm ← sahasrapoṣyà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

stotré ← stotár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

kadā́ ← kadā́ (invariable)

rāyā́ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

stómam ← stóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vāsayaḥ ← √vas- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dhíyaḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

kadā́ ← kadā́ (invariable)

karasi ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

vā́jaratnāḥ ← vā́jaratna- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

क॒दा । भु॒व॒न् । रथ॑ऽक्षयाणि । ब्रह्म॑ । क॒दा । स्तो॒त्रे । स॒ह॒स्र॒ऽपो॒ष्य॑म् । दाः॒ ।
क॒दा । स्तोम॑म् । वा॒स॒यः॒ । अ॒स्य॒ । रा॒या । क॒दा । धियः॑ । क॒र॒सि॒ । वाज॑ऽरत्नाः ॥

• kadā
• [adverb]
• “when; kadā [word].”

• bhuvan ← bhū
• [verb], plural, Aorist conj./subj.
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• rathakṣayāṇi ← ratha
• [noun], masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• rathakṣayāṇi ← kṣayāṇi ← kṣaya
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “dwelling.”

• brahma ← brahman
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• kadā
• [adverb]
• “when; kadā [word].”

• stotre ← stotra
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “hymn; praise.”

• sahasrapoṣyaṃ ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasrapoṣyaṃ ← poṣyam ← puṣ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “boom; grow; promote; foster.”

• dāḥ ← dā
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• kadā
• [adverb]
• “when; kadā [word].”

• stomaṃ ← stomam ← stoma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

• vāsayo ← vāsayaḥ ← vāsay ← √vas
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “dress.”

• ‘sya ← asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• rāyā ← rai
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• kadā
• [adverb]
• “when; kadā [word].”

• dhiyaḥ ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• karasi ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• vājaratnāḥ ← vāja
• [noun], masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vājaratnāḥ ← ratnāḥ ← ratna
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “jewel; wealth; best; treasure; vajra; property; jewel; ruby; jewelry.”

हे इन्द्र ब्रह्म ब्रह्माणि स्तोत्राण्यस्मदीयानि रथक्षयाणि रथनिवासानि कदा कस्मिन्काले भुवन् भवेयुः । रथेऽवस्थितं त्वां कदा प्राप्नुवन्तीत्यर्थः । कदा कस्मिन् काले स्तोत्रे स्तुवते मह्यं सहस्रपोष्यं सहस्रसंख्याकपुरुषपोषकं गोसमूहं पुत्रं वा दाः दद्याः । कदा च अस्य मम स्तोतुः स्तोमं स्तोत्रं राया धनेन् वासयः व्यापयेः । धियः कर्माणि चाग्निहोत्रादीनि वाजरत्ना: वाजैरन्नैः रमणीयाः कदा कस्मिन् काले करसि कुर्याः । एवं स्तोता फलस्य विलम्बमसहमान:’ इन्द्रमनया पृष्टवान् ॥

English translation:

“When may our prayers (be with you) in your chariot? When will you grant to your adorer the (means of) maintaining thousands? When will you recompense my adoration with riches? When will you render sacred rites productive of food?”

When will the sacred formulations find their resting place in the chariot? When will you give to the praiser what will prosper a thousandfold?
When will you clothe his praise song with wealth? When will you make his insights have prizes as jewels?

Geldner takes bráhma as an abstract “Hohepriesterschaften,” standing for the personal pl. brahmā́ṇaḥ (n. 1a). I see no reason to take bráhma in any sense other than its usual ‘sacred formulation(s)’ (pl. in this instance)(nor does Schmidt, who tr.

“Wann werden die Gedichte ihren Sitz auf dem Wagen haben?” [152]). The vs. concerns the exchange of priestly praise for material goods bestowed by the god: the clothing of our praise with Indra’s wealth (c) and the bejeweling of our insights with his prizes (d) are vivid metaphors. The first pāda contains a likewise striking image: the chariots in which our formulations take up their position are presumably the chariot(s) Indra gives us, which will also be heaped with goods. It is our production of the formulations that brings the chariots. The intent of this image is made clearer by vs. 3b viśvápsu bráhma kṛṇávaḥ.

Both bhuvan and dāḥ are subjunctives, or at least have subjunctive function.

Contra Hoffmann (246), I am inclined to take dāḥ as a real subjunctive (←*dā-a-s), though without metrical distraction, not an injunctive, while both of us take bhuvan as subj. here.

WHEN shall our prayers rest in thy car beside thee? When dost thou give the singer food for thousands?
When wilt thou clothe this poet’s laud with plenty, and when wilt thou enrich our hymns with booty?

Wann werden die Hohepriesterschaften im Wagen ihren Sitz haben? Wann wirst du dem Sänger schenken, was Tausenden zur Nahrung dient? Wann wirst du den Lobgesang dieses Sängers mit Reichtum ausstatten? Wann wirst du die Gedichte durch reichen Gewinn belohnt machen?

Wann wird den Sprüchen Platz in deinem Wagen? wann schenkst dem Sänger tausendfaches Gut du? Wann kleidest du das Lied mit deinem Reichthum? wann machst du die Gebete reich an Labsal?

Когда будут находиться на колеснице священные слова?
Когда ты дашь восхвалителю тысячекратное процветание?
Когда ты оденешь в богатство его восхваление?
Когда создашь произведениям сокровища награды)

• इन्द्र:
• नरः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब पाँच ऋचावाले पैंतीसवें सूक्त का प्रारम्भ है, उसके प्रथम मन्त्र में राजा के प्रति कैसा उपदेश करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे राजन् ! आपके (कदा) कब (रथक्षयाणि) वाहन के रहने के स्थान (भुवन्) होते हैं और (कदा) कब (स्तोत्रे) प्रशंसा के साधन में (सहस्रपोष्यम्) असङ्ख्य जनों के पुष्ट करने योग्य (ब्रह्म) धन को (दाः) दीजिये और (कदा) कब (अस्य) इसके (राया) धन से (स्तोमम्) प्रशंसा को (वासयः) बसाइये और आप (कदा) कब (वाजरत्नाः) धन और धान्य की बढ़ानेवाली (धियः) उत्तम बुद्धियों वा उत्तम कर्म्मों को (करसि) करें ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सब सभा में बैठनेवाले, विद्वान् जन और उपदेशक जन राजा से यह कहें कि आप कब सेना के अङ्गों और पुष्टि करनेवाले ऐश्वर्य्य और उत्तम बुद्धियों को करेंगे ॥१॥

अन्वय: हे राजँस्त्वं कदा रथक्षयाणि भुवन् कदा स्तोत्रे सहस्रपोष्यं ब्रह्म दाः। कदास्य राया स्तोमं वासयः कदा वाजरत्ना धियः करसि ॥१॥

अथ राजानं प्रति कथमुपदिशेयुरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कदा) (भुवन्) भवन्ति (रथक्षयाणि) रथस्य निवासरूपाणि गृहाणि (ब्रह्म) धनम् (कदा) (स्तोत्रे) प्रशंसासाधने (सहस्रपोष्यम्) असङ्ख्यैः पोषणीयम् (दाः) दद्याः (कदा) (स्तोमम्) प्रशंसाम् (वासयः) वासयेः (अस्य) (राया) धनेन (कदा) (धियः) प्रज्ञा उत्तमानि कर्माणि वा (करसि) कुर्याः (वाजरत्नाः) धनधान्योन्नतिकरीः ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - सर्वे सभ्या विद्वांस उपदेशकाश्च राजानं प्रत्येवं ब्रूयुर्भवान् कदा सेनाङ्गानि पुष्टिकरमैश्वर्य्यमुत्तमाः प्रज्ञाश्च करिष्यतीति ॥१॥

या सूक्तात इंद्र, विद्वान, राजा व प्रजा यांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्व सूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.

भावार्थभाषाः - सर्व सभ्य विद्वानांनी व उपदेशकांनी राजाला म्हणावे की, तू सेनेच्या अंगांची पुष्टी करणारे ऐश्वर्य व उत्तम बुद्धी कधी प्राप्त करशील? ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - नरः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

क᳓र्हि स्वित् त᳓द् इन्दर+ य᳓न् नृ᳓भिर् नॄ᳓न्
वीरइ᳓र् वीरा᳓न् नीळ᳓यासे ज᳓याजी᳓न्
त्रिधा᳓तु गा᳓ अ᳓धि जयासि गो᳓षु
इ᳓न्द्र द्युम्नं᳓ सु᳓वर्वद् धेहि अस्मे᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

kárhi ← kárhi (invariable)

nŕ̥bhiḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

nr̥̄́n ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

svit ← svit (invariable)

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ājī́n ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

jáya ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

nīḷáyāse ← √nīḷay- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

vīraíḥ ← vīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

vīrā́n ← vīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

gā́ḥ ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

góṣu ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

jayāsi ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

tridhā́tu ← tridhā́tu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

asmé ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:PL}

dhehi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

dyumnám ← dyumná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

índra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

svàrvat ← svàrvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

कर्हि॑ । स्वि॒त् । तत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । यत् । नृऽभिः॑ । नॄन् । वी॒रैः । वी॒रान् । नी॒ळया॑से । जय॑ । आ॒जीन् ।
त्रि॒ऽधातु॑ । गाः । अधि॑ । ज॒या॒सि॒ । गोषु॑ । इन्द्र॑ । द्यु॒म्नम् । स्वः॒ऽवत् । धे॒हि॒ । अ॒स्मे इति॑ ॥

• karhi
• [adverb]

• svit ← svid
• [adverb]
• “svid [word].”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• yan ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• nṛbhir ← nṛbhiḥ ← nṛ
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• nṝn ← nṛ
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

• vīrair ← vīraiḥ ← vīra
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• vīrān ← vīra
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

• nīﾱayāse ← nīḍayāse ← nīḍay
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

• jayājīn ← jaya ← ji
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

• jayājīn ← ājīn ← āji
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

• tridhātu ← tri
• [noun]
• “three; tri/tisṛ [word].”

• tridhātu ← dhātu
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “mineral; dhātu; saptadhātu; Sanskrit verbal root; etymon; aṣṭaloha; mahābhūta; gairika; component; navadhātu; svarṇamākṣika; doṣa; inorganic compound.”

• gā ← gāḥ ← go
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• jayāsi ← ji
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

• goṣv ← goṣu ← go
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• dyumnaṃ ← dyumnam ← dyumna
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “magnificence.”

• svarvad ← svarvat
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “bright; bright.”

• dhehy ← dhehi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• asme ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

फलस्य विलम्बमसहमान ऋषिरनयापीन्द्रं पृच्छति । हे इन्द्र कर्हि स्वित् कदा खलु तत् भवेत् । नृभिः अस्मदीयैः पुरुषैः नॄन् शत्रुपुरुषान् तथा वीरैः अस्मदीयैः पुत्रैः वीरान् शत्रुपुत्रांश्च यत् नीळयासे त्वं संश्लेषयेः संयोजयेः ॥ नीळयतिः संश्लेषणकर्मा ॥ ईदृशं युद्धे यत्संश्लेषणं तत्कदा भवेदिति वितर्कः । अपि चास्मदर्थं त्वम् आजीन् संग्रामान् कदा जय जयेः । कदा च गोषु अभिगन्तृषु शत्रुषु विद्यमाना: त्रिधातु त्रिधातूः क्षीरदधिघृतानां त्रयाणां धारयित्रीः गा: अधि जयासि अधिकं जयेः । हे इन्द्र त्वं स्वर्वत् व्याप्तिमत् द्युम्नं धनम् अस्मे अस्मासु कदा धेहि धारयेः ॥

English translation:

“When, Indra, will you bring together leaders with leaders, heroes with heroes, and give us victory in battles? When will you conquer from the enemy the threefold-food-supplying cattle? (When will you grant) us, Indra, diffusive wealth?”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Threefold-food-supplying: tridhātu gāḥ, cows having three elements of nutriment, as milk, curds and butter

Just when will it be, Indra, that you will place in your own nest our men with your men, our heroes with your heroes? Win the contests!
With cattle at stake, you will win cattle three times over. Indra, grant to us sunlit brilliance.

Both Geldner and Schmidt take the first hemistich as depicting a hostile encounter between two sets of men and heroes expressed by the verb nīḷáyāse (Geldner: “… dass du Herren mit Herren, Mannen mit Mannen in Kampf verwickeln wirst?”; HPS [153] “… dass du … handgemein (?) werden lässt?”); Oldenberg is less certain but suggests that “kämpfen machen, überwinden” is expected. But the basis of this hapax demon. nīḷáyāse, namely nīḷá- ‘nest’, invites an interpr. depicting a more intimate and amicable relationship (like the adj. sánīḷa- ‘of the same nest’, referring to brothers and comrades), and the middle voice reinforces that sense. In my 1983 monograph on -áya-formations, I follow an interpr. suggested by Insler, that the verb means ‘accept as equals’ (pp. 84-85). Although I think that may be an implication, I now think it can be taken more literally: ‘put in your own nest’. Indra is bringing our fighting men into intimate contact with his own (the Maruts and/or Aṅgirases [the latter being mentioned in vs. 5]) under his auspices; with these now conjoined forces he can win the contests and the cattle at stake.

The accent of the denom. nīḷáyāse (expect *nīḷayā́se) has been retracted because the form is transitive (acc. nṛ́̄n … vīrā́n) and has been attracted into the -áyatransitive / causative class (see my 1983 monograph).

When wilt thou gatber men with men, O Indra, heroes with heroes, and prevail in combat?
Thou shalt win triply kine in frays for cattle, so, Indra, give thou us celestial glory.

Wann geschieht das denn, Indra, daß du Herren mit Herren, Mannen mit Mannen in Kampf verwickeln wirst? Gewinne die Kämpfe! Du sollst dreifach Rinder über Rinder erbeuten. Indra! Verleih uns sonnenhaften Glanz!

Wann lässt du, Indra, Männer mit den Männern, mit Helden Helden streiten? sieg’ im Kampfe; Dreifach erbeute Kühe zu den Kühen, o Indra, schenk uns glanzbegabten Reichthum.

Когда же (будет) это, о Индра, что ты мужей с мужами,
Героев с героями заставишь сцепиться (в бою)? Выигрывай состязания!
Пусть трижды ты завоюешь еще коров в битвах за коров!
О Индра, надели нас небесным блеском!

• इन्द्र:
• नरः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

फिर वह राजा क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्र) सेना के धारण करनेवाले ! आप (कर्हि) किस समय में (स्वित्) कहिये (वीरैः) शूरता और बलआदि से युक्त (नृभिः) उत्तम मनुष्यों से (वीरान्) धृष्टता आदि गुणों से युक्त (नॄन्) श्रेष्ठ मनुष्यों को (नीळयासे) प्रशंसा कीजिये और (गाः) पृथिवियों को कब (अधि) (जयासि) जीतिये और हे (इन्द्र) प्रतापी तथा सेना के धारण करनेवाले ! आप (गोषु) पृथिवियों में और (अस्मे) हम लोगों में (यत्) जो (स्वर्वत्) बहुत सुख से युक्त (त्रिधातु) सोना, चाँदी और ताँबा ये तीन धातु जिसमें ऐसा (द्युम्नम्) धन वा यश है (तत्) उसको हम लोगों में (धेहि) धारण करिये सो ऐसा करके (आजीन्) सङ्ग्रामों को (जय) जीतिये ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजन् ! आप विद्वानों के साथ विद्वानों का तथा शूरवीर जनों के साथ शूरवीरों का अच्छे प्रकार ग्रहण करके तथा सङ्ग्रामों को जीत कर और पृथिवी के राज्य को प्राप्त कर न्यायाचरण से प्रजाओं का पालन करके बड़े यश वा धन को बढ़ाइये ॥२॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र ! त्वं कर्हि स्विद्वीरैर्नृभिर्वीरान्नॄन् नीळयासे गाः कर्ह्यधि जयसि। हे इन्द्र ! त्वं गोष्वस्मे यत्स्वर्वत् त्रिधातु द्युम्नमस्ति तदस्मे धेहि एवं विधाऽऽजीन् जय ॥२॥

पुनः स राजा किं कुर्यादित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कर्हि) कस्मिन् समये (स्वित्) प्रश्ने (तत्) (इन्द्र) सेनाधारक (यत्) (नृभिः) उत्तमैर्नरैः (नॄन्) प्रशस्तान्नरान् (वीरैः) शौर्यबलादियुक्तैः (वीरान्) धृष्टत्वादिगुणयुक्तान् (नीळयासे) प्रशंसय (जय) (आजीन्) सङ्ग्रामान् (त्रिधातु) सुवर्णरजतताम्राणि त्रयो धातवो विद्यन्ते यस्मिंस्तत् (गाः) पृथिवीः (अधि) (जयासि) जय (गोषु) पृथिवीषु (इन्द्र) प्रतापिन् सेनेश (द्युम्नम्) धनं यशो वा (स्वर्वत्) बहुसुखयुक्तम् (धेहि) (अस्मे) अस्मासु ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजँस्त्वं विद्वद्भिः सह विदुषः शूरैः सह शूरान् सङ्गृह्य सङ्ग्रामान् जित्वा पृथिवीराज्यं प्राप्य न्यायाचरणेन प्रजाः पालयित्वा महद्यशो धनं च वर्धय ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजा ! तू विद्वानांबरोबर विद्वानांचा, शूरवीरांबरोबर शूरवीरांचा संग करून युद्ध जिंकून पृथ्वीचे राज्य प्राप्त कर. न्यायाचरणाने प्रजेचे पालन करून मोठे यश व धन वाढव. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - नरः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

क᳓र्हि स्वित् त᳓द् इन्दर+ य᳓ज् जरित्रे᳓
विश्व᳓प्सु ब्र᳓ह्म कृण᳓वः शविष्ठ
कदा᳓ धि᳓यो न᳓ नियु᳓तो युवासे
कदा᳓ गो᳓मघा ह᳓वनानि गछाः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

jaritré ← jaritár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

kárhi ← kárhi (invariable)

svit ← svit (invariable)

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

bráhma ← bráhman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

kr̥ṇávaḥ ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śaviṣṭha ← śáviṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvápsu ← viśvápsu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

dhíyaḥ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

kadā́ ← kadā́ (invariable)

ná ← ná (invariable)

niyútaḥ ← niyút- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

yuvāse ← √yu- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

gachāḥ ← √gam- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gómaghā ← gómagha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

hávanāni ← hávana- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

kadā́ ← kadā́ (invariable)

कर्हि॑ । स्वि॒त् । तत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । यत् । ज॒रि॒त्रे । वि॒श्वऽप्सु॑ । ब्रह्म॑ । कृ॒णवः॑ । श॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ ।
क॒दा । धियः॑ । न । नि॒ऽयुतः॑ । यु॒वा॒से॒ । क॒दा । गोऽम॑घा । हव॑नानि । ग॒च्छाः॒ ॥

• karhi
• [adverb]

• svit ← svid
• [adverb]
• “svid [word].”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• yaj ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• jaritre ← jaritṛ
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “singer.”

• viśvapsu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• brahma ← brahman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• kṛṇavaḥ ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• śaviṣṭha
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “mighty.”

• kadā
• [adverb]
• “when; kadā [word].”

• dhiyo ← dhiyaḥ ← dhī
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• niyuto ← niyutaḥ ← niyut
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “gift; team.”

• yuvāse ← yu
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “unite.”

• kadā
• [adverb]
• “when; kadā [word].”

• gomaghā ← go
• [noun], masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• gomaghā ← maghā ← magha
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “gift; wealth; reward; wages; reward.”

• havanāni ← havana
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “invocation.”

• gacchāḥ ← gam
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

अनयापि कतिचित् प्रश्नाः क्रियन्ते । हे इन्द्र कर्हि स्वित् कदा खलु तत् भवेत् । हे शविष्ठ बलवत्तमेन्द्र त्वं जरित्रे स्तोत्रे विश्वप्सु बहुविधरूपं ब्रह्म अन्नं कृणवः करोषीति यत् तत्कदा भवेदिति वितर्कः। कदा च धियः कर्माणि । न इति समुच्चये । नियुतः स्तुतीश्च युवासे आत्मनि योजये: । कदा च त्वं गोमघा गोमघानि गवां दातॄणि ॥ मंहतेर्दानार्थस्य रूपमुत्तरपदम् ॥ हवनानि स्तोत्राणि गच्छाः अभिगच्छेः ॥

English translation:

“When, most vigorous Indra, will you grant your worshipper that food which is all-sufficing? When will you combine (in yourself) worship and praises? When will you render oblations productive of cattle?”

Just when will it be, Indra, that you will make the sacred formulation provided with all goods for the singer, o strongest one?
When will you team your teams, as (we do our) insights? When will you go to the calls whose bounty is cattle?

This vs. is a reprise of and variation on vs. 1. Like vs. 1, it treats the rewards that accrue to verbal praise, and in fact repeats two of the three types of verbal products found in vs. 1 (bráhma 1a/3b, dhíyaḥ 1d/3c), with stómam (1c) and hávanāni (3d) being the novel terms. bráhma and hávanāni are modified by bahuvrīhis that express the material reward they will obtain (‘all goods’ [viśvápsu] and ‘cattle as bounty’ [gómaghā] respectively). In the c pāda the chariot motif of 1a returns in slightly different form: we “team up” our insights, as Indra does his teams (niyútaḥ) – the teams that, pulling his chariot (cf., e.g., I.135.4 rátho niyútvān), will bring Indra and his bounty to the sacrifice, where the “teams” of insights will be exchanged for the goods he brings.

On viśvápsu- see comm. ad I.148.1.

Yea, when wilt thou, O Indra, thou Most Mighty, make the prayer all-sustaining for the singer?
When wilt thou yoke, as we yoke songs, thy Horses, and come to offerings that bring wealth in cattle?

Wann geschieht das denn, Indra, daß du dem Sänger das erbauliche Wort mit lauter Vieh belohnt machen wirst, du Gewaltigster? Wann wirst du deine Gespanne anspannen wie der Dichter seine Gedanken? Wann wirst du zu den rinderbeschenkten Anrufern kommen?

Wann wird’s geschehn, dass, Indra, du dem Sänger an Nahrung reich, o stärkster, das Gebet machst? Wann schirrst du an wie Rosse dir die Bitten? wann kommst du her zu rinderreichen Opfern?

Когда же (будет) это, о Индра, что воспевателю
Ты сделаешь молитву приносящей весь скот, о сильнейший.
Когда ты запряжешь (свои) упряжки, словно (поэт) - (свои) произведения?
Когда ты отправишься на призывы, сопровождаемые дарами из коров?

• इन्द्र:
• नरः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (शविष्ठ) अतिशय बली (इन्द्र) विद्या और ऐश्वर्य्य से युक्त राजन् ! आप (कर्हि) कब (स्वित्) कहिये ! (जरित्रे) स्तुति करनेवाले के लिये (यत्) जो (विश्वप्सु) अनेक रूप (ब्रह्म) धन (कृणवः) करेंगे (तत्) उसको इसके लिये हम लोग भी करें तथा (नियुतः) अत्यन्त श्रेष्ठ गुणों से युक्त (न) जैसे वैसे (धियः) बुद्धियों को (कदा) कब (युवासे) मिलाइयेगा और (गोमघा) पृथिवी के राज्य से सत्कृत धनों तथा (हवनानि) ग्रहण करने योग्यों को (कदा) कब (गच्छाः) प्राप्त हूजियेगा ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजन् ! आप सम्पूर्ण धन, पूर्ण बुद्धियाँ और उत्तम क्रियाओं को कब करियेगा? अर्थात् शीघ्र इनको करिये ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे शविष्ठेन्द्र ! त्वं कर्हि स्विज्जरित्रे यद्विश्वप्सु ब्रह्म कृणवस्तदस्मै वयमपि कुर्याम नियुतो न धियः कदा युवासे गोमघा हवनानि कदा गच्छाः ॥३॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (कर्हि) कदा (स्वित्) प्रश्ने (तत्) (इन्द्र) विद्यैश्वर्ययुक्त राजन् (यत्) (जरित्रे) स्तावकाय (विश्वप्सु) विविधरूपम् (ब्रह्म) धनम् (कृणवः) कुर्याः (शविष्ठ) अतिशयेन बलिन् (कदा) (धियः) प्रज्ञाः (न) इव (नियुतः) नितरां शुभगुणयुक्तः (युवासे) मिश्रय (कदा) (गोमघा) पृथिवीराज्येन सत्कृतानि धनानि (हवनानि) ग्रहीतव्यानि (गच्छाः) प्राप्नुयाः ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजँस्त्वमखिलं धनं पूर्णा धिय उत्तमाः क्रियाश्च कदा करिष्यस्यर्थात् सद्य एतानि कुर्विति ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजा ! तू संपूर्ण धनप्राप्ती व पूर्ण, बुद्धियुक्त उत्तम क्रिया केव्हा करशील? अर्थात शीघ्र कर. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - नरः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स᳓ गो᳓मघा जरित्रे᳓ अ᳓श्वश्चन्द्रा
वा᳓जश्रवसो अ᳓धि धेहि पृ᳓क्षः
पीपिही᳓षः सुदु᳓घाम् इन्द्र धेनु᳓म्
भर᳓द्वाजेषु सुरु᳓चो रुरुच्याः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áśvaścandrāḥ ← áśvaścandra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

gómaghāḥ ← gómagha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

jaritré ← jaritár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

dhehi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

pŕ̥kṣaḥ ← pŕ̥kṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vā́jaśravasaḥ ← vā́jaśravas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

dhenúm ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

íṣaḥ ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

pīpihí ← √pī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

sudúghām ← sudúgha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

bharádvājeṣu ← bharádvāja- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

rurucyāḥ ← √ruc- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:OPT, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

surúcaḥ ← surúc- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

सः । गोऽम॑घाः । ज॒रि॒त्रे । अश्व॑ऽचन्द्राः । वाज॑ऽश्रवसः । अधि॑ । धे॒हि॒ । पृक्षः॑ ।
पी॒पि॒हि । इषः॑ । सु॒ऽदुघा॑म् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । धे॒नुम् । भ॒रत्ऽवा॑जेषु । सु॒ऽरुचः॑ । रु॒रु॒च्याः॒ ॥

• sa
• [adverb]
• “with; little; together.”

• gomaghā ← go
• [noun], masculine
• “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

• gomaghā ← maghāḥ ← magha
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “gift; wealth; reward; wages; reward.”

• jaritre ← jaritṛ
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “singer.”

• aśvaścandrā ← aśva
• [noun], masculine
• “horse; aśva [word]; Aśva; stallion.”

• aśvaścandrā ← ścandrāḥ ← ścandra
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “shining; glistening; brilliant.”

• vājaśravaso ← vāja
• [noun], masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• vājaśravaso ← śravasaḥ ← śravas
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• dhehi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• pṛkṣaḥ ← pṛkṣ
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “food; refreshment; power.”

• pīpihīṣaḥ ← pīpihi ← pyā
• [verb], singular, Perfect imperative
• “swell; abound; swell.”

• pīpihīṣaḥ ← iṣaḥ ← iṣ
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• sudughām ← sudughā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “cow.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• dhenum ← dhenu
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

• bharadvājeṣu ← bharadvāja
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “Bharadvāja; Droṇa; Bharadvāja; skylark.”

• suruco ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suruco ← rucaḥ ← ruc
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “beam; radiance; color.”

• rurucyāḥ ← ruc
• [verb], singular, Perfect optative
• “please; shine.”

हे इन्द्र सः त्वं जरित्रे स्तोत्रे गोमघाः गवां दात्री: अश्वश्चन्द्राः अश्वैराह्लादयन्तीः वाजश्रवसः वाजैर्बलैः प्रसिद्धा एवंभूताः पृक्षः अन्नानि भरद्वाजेषु भरद्वाजपुत्रेष्वस्मासु अधि धेहि धारय । तथा इषः तान्यन्नानि सुदुघां शोभनदोग्ध्रीं धेनुं गां च हे इन्द्र पीपिहि प्यायय । अपि च ता इषो गौश्च सुरुचः शोभनदीप्तयो यथा भवन्ति तथा त्वं रुरुच्याः दीपयेः । शोभनदीप्तियुक्ताश्च ताः सन्त्वित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Grant, Indra, to your adorer (abundant) food, productive of cattle, plural asant with horses, and renowned for vigour; multiply nourishment, and (cherish) the kine easily milked, and render them so that they may be resplendent.”

Lay on for the singer nourishments whose bounty is cattle, whose glitter is horses, whose fame is prizes of victory.
Swell the good-milking cow with refreshments, Indra. Might you make them shine very bright among the Bharadvājas.

Both jaritré and gómaghā are repeated from the previous vs. (where they were not in the same clause), though the latter has changed gender: in 3c it is neut.

pl., while in 4a the same sandhi form is fem. pl. and represents underlying gómaghā(ḥ). This bahuvrīhi has spawned two parallel descriptors: áśva-ścandrā(ḥ) and vā́ja-śravasaḥ, all three modifying fem. pl. pṛ́kṣaḥ.

The tr. ‘lay on’ (that is, provide, often lavishly, often of meals or feasts) is an English idiom that precisely calques ádhi dhehi. I take íṣah … dhenúm as a double acc. with √pī ‘swell’ – lit., ‘swell the cow the refreshments’, that is, ‘swell the cow with refreshments’. Geldner hesitates (n. 4c), but in the tr. opts for two acc. in parallel (‘swell the refreshments, (swell) the cow’), as does Schmidt (p. 153).

The root-noun cmpd surúc- (9x) is generally a bahuvrīhi meaning ‘having good light, very bright’, as in II.2.4 tám … candrám iva surúcam “him [=Agni] very bright like gold.” For just this passage Grassmann posits a substantivization: f. ‘heller Glanz’.

This is unnecessary, as surúcaḥ here can be a fem. pl. acc. picking up and modifying f. pl. íṣah in c (and indeed the glittering pṛ́kṣaḥ in b). It obviously forms an etymological figure with the opt. rurucyāḥ.

As for this verb, it should have transitive/causative value (‘make shine / illuminate’), and it therefore functionally overlaps with the redupl. aor. árūruca-.

This overlap is complicated by the fact that several apparent pf. forms rurucuḥ also have this value, in some of which lengthening the redupl. to *rūrucuḥ would provide a better cadence, though in our passage such a lengthening would produce a worse cadence. For disc. of these ambiguous forms see comm. ad IV.7.1, 16.4. As I say there, because the 3rd sg. pf. ruroca and the pf. part. are intransitive, I am inclined to think that the transitive 3rd pl. forms originated in the redupl. aor. but were absorbed by the pf., with shortening of the redupl. vowel.

Grant to the Singer food with store of cattle, splendid with horses and the fame of riches.
Send food to swell the milch-cow good at milking: bright be its shine among the Bharadvajas.

Bring dem Sänger Stärkungen, in Kuhschenkung bestehend, durch Rosse ausgezeichnet, durch Ehrenpreise berühmt! Laß Speisen anschwellen, Indra, die gute Kuh! Bei den Bharadvaja´s solltest du dich in gutem Lichte zeigen.

Gib du dem Sänger rinderreiche Nahrung, die glänzend sei an Rossen und an Schätzen, Mach fett die Tränke, reich an Milch die Milchkuh; schönstrahlend strahl den Bharadvadschern, Indra.

Надели восхвалителя подкреплениями,
Сопровождаемыми дарами из коров, отмеченными конями, прославленными наградами!
Сделай набухшими жертвенные услады, (словно) хорошо доящуюся корову!
Сделай, чтобы воссветил прекрасный свет среди Бхарадваджей!

• इन्द्र:
• नरः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्र) विद्या और ऐश्वर्य्य के देनेवाले राजन् ! (सः) वह आप (जरित्रे) विद्या और गुण के प्रकाश करनेवाले के लिये जो (गोमघाः) पृथिवी के राज्यरूप धनवाले (अश्वश्चन्द्राः) घोड़े हैं सुवर्ण जिनके वे (वाजश्रवसः) अन्न और विद्याश्रवण युक्त (पृक्षः) सम्बन्ध करने योग्य हैं उनको हम लोगों में (अधि, धेहि) धारण करिये और (इषः) प्राप्त होने योग्य रसों को (पीपिहि) पीजिये और (भरद्वाजेषु) धारण किया विज्ञान जिन्होंने उन विद्वानों में (सुदुघाम्) उत्तम प्रकार कामना पूर्ण करनेवाली (धेनुम्) विद्या और शिक्षा से युक्त वाणी को (सुरुचः) तथा उत्तम प्रीतिवालों को (रुरुच्याः) प्रीतियुक्त करिये ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजन् ! अपनी प्रजाओं में पूर्ण विद्या और सम्पूर्ण धन को धारण कर और शरीर के आरोग्यपन को बढ़ा के धर्म्म में रुचि करिये ॥४॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र राजन्त्स त्वं जरित्रे ये गोमघा अश्वश्चन्द्रा वाजश्रवसः पृक्षस्तानस्मास्वधि धेहि। इषः पीपिहि भरद्वाजेषु सुदुघां धेनुं सुरुचश्व रुरुच्याः ॥४॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (गोमघाः) भूमिराज्यधनाः (जरित्रे) विद्यागुणप्रकाशकाय (अश्वश्चन्द्राः) अश्वाश्चन्द्राणि सुवर्णानि येषान्ते (वाजश्रवसः) वाजोऽन्नं विद्याश्रवणं च पूर्णं येषान्ते (अधि) (धेहि) (पृक्षः) सम्पर्चनीयाः (पीपिहि) पिब (इषः) प्राप्तव्यान् रसान् (सुदुघाम्) सुष्ठुकामपूर्णकर्त्रीम् (इन्द्र) विद्यैश्वर्यप्रद (धेनुम्) विद्याशिक्षायुक्तां वाचम् (भरद्वाजेषु) धृतविज्ञानेषु विद्वत्सु (सुरुचः) शोभना रुग् रुचिः प्रीतिर्येषां तान् (रुरुच्याः) रुचितान् कुर्य्याः ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजन् ! स्वप्रजासु पूर्णां विद्यामखिलं धनं धृत्वा शरीरारोग्यं वर्धयित्वा धर्म्मे रुचिं कुर्य्याः ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजा ! प्रजेमध्ये पूर्ण विद्या व संपूर्ण धन धारण करून शरीराचे आरोग्य वाढवून धर्मात रुची उत्पन्न कर. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - नरः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

त᳓म् आ᳓ नूनं᳓ वृज᳓नम् अन्य᳓था चिच्
छू᳓रो य᳓च् छक्र वि᳓ दु᳓रो गृणीषे᳓
मा᳓ नि᳓र् अरं शुक्रदु᳓घस्य धेनो᳓र्
आङ्गिरसा᳓न् ब्र᳓ह्मणा विप्र जिन्व

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

anyáthā ← anyáthā (invariable)

cit ← cit (invariable)

nūnám ← nūnám (invariable)

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥jánam ← vr̥jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dúraḥ ← dvā́r- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

gr̥ṇīṣé ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śakra ← śakrá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

śū́raḥ ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

aram ← √r̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dhenóḥ ← dhenú- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

mā́ ← mā́ (invariable)

nís ← nís (invariable)

śukradúghasya ← śukradúgha- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

āṅgirasā́n ← āṅgirasá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

bráhmaṇā ← bráhman- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

jinva ← √ji- 2 ~ jinv- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vipra ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

तम् । आ । नू॒नम् । वृ॒जन॑म् । अ॒न्यथा॑ । चि॒त् । शूरः॑ । यत् । श॒क्र॒ । वि । दुरः॑ । गृ॒णी॒षे ।
मा । निः । अ॒र॒म् । शु॒क्र॒ऽदुघ॑स्य । धे॒नोः । आ॒ङ्गि॒र॒सान् । ब्रह्म॑णा । वि॒प्र॒ । जि॒न्व॒ ॥

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• nūnaṃ ← nūnam
• [adverb]
• “now; surely; immediately; just.”

• vṛjanam ← vṛjana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “community; settlement.”

• anyathā
• [adverb]
• “otherwise; differently; vice versa; anyathā [word].”

• cicchūro ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• cicchūro ← śūraḥ ← śūra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• yacchakra ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• yacchakra ← śakra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.; ivory tree.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• duro ← duraḥ ← dvār
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “door; means.”

• gṛṇīṣe ← gṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “praise.”

• mā
• [adverb]
• “not.”

• nir ← niḥ
• [adverb]
• “niḥ; away; out; without.”

• araṃ ← aram ← ṛch
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

• śukradughasya ← śukra
• [noun], neuter
• “semen; sperm; śukra; śukraprameha; liquid; ejaculation.”

• śukradughasya ← dughasya ← dugha
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “yielding.”

• dhenor ← dhenoḥ ← dhenu
• [noun], ablative, singular, feminine
• “cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

• āṅgirasān ← āṅgirasa
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “Aṅgiras; Brihaspati; Bṛhaspati; Jupiter.”

• brahmaṇā ← brahman
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• vipra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

• jinva ← jinv
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “enliven; animate.”

हे इन्द्र त्वं नूनम् अद्यतनं वृजनं बाधकमस्मदीयं शत्रुम् अन्यथा चित् अन्येनैव प्रकारेण योजय । येन प्रकारेण सर्वे जीवन्ति तद्विलक्षणं प्रकार मरणाख्यं प्रापयेत्यर्थः । आकारः पूरकः । हे शक्र सर्वकार्येषु शक्तेन्द्र शूरः शौर्यापेतः वि दुरः विशेषेण दारयिता शत्रूणाम् । यद्वा । दुरो द्वाराणि शत्रुसंबन्धीनि विघटयंस्त्वं यत् यस्मात् गृणीषे अस्माभिः स्तूयसे तस्मात् कारणात् शुक्रदुघस्य शुक्राणां निर्मलानां दोग्धुरिन्द्रस्य धेनोः वाचः स्तोत्रात् मा निररं मा निर्गच्छेयम् । यद्वा । शुक्रस्य पयसो दोग्ध्र्या धेनोस्त्वया दत्ताया गोः सकाशात् मा निर्गच्छेयम् ॥ अरमित्याख्यातम् ‘ऋ ‘ गतौ ’ इत्यस्य रूपम् ॥ सा सर्वदास्मासु निवसत्वित्यर्थः । हे विप्र प्राज्ञेन्द्र आङ्गिरसान् अङ्गिरोगोत्रजानस्मान् ब्रह्मणा अन्नेन जिन्व प्रीणय ॥ ॥ ७ ॥

English translation:

“Direct him who is actually our adversary into a different (course); mighty Indra, who are a hero, the destroyer (of enemies), therefore are you glorified; never may I desist from the praise of the giver of pure (gifts); satisfy, sage Indra, the aṅgirasas with food.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Into a different course: i.e. consign him to death, a course different from that of living beings; never may I desist: mā niraram śukradughasya dhenoḥ = may I not cease from the cow the yielder of pure milk;

Dhenoḥ = vacas, stotrat, from praise; or, may I never depart from the milch cows given, Indra, by you

This community here and now do I sing, as (I did) also at another time, when as champion, able one, you (opened) wide the doors.
May I not miss out on the milk-cow whose milk is clear (soma) [/semen]. Quicken the Āṅgirases, o inspired poet, with your sacred formulation.

As noted in the published introduction, the first hemistich of this vs. is quite unclear; I am not at all certain my interpr. is correct, but I don’t think it’s appreciably worse than any others, which I will not treat at length. One observation about it, which doesn’t really aid in its interpr., is that it seems to play off the Agastya Triṣṭubh refrain (I.165.15d, etc.) vidyā́meṣáṃ vṛjánaṃ jīrádānum “May we find refreshment and a community having lively waters.” A large proportion of the occurrences of vṛjánam are found in that refrain. The jinva at the end of our vs. picks up the jīrá- of the refrain, and its íṣam is matched by our íṣaḥ in 4c.

I’d also point out that the antithetical temporal expressions we noted in the two previous hymns, nūnám … aparā́ya ca “now and for the future” (VI.33.5) and purā́nūnáṃ ca “previously and now” (VI.34.1), may be echoed by nūnám … anyáthā cid “now and also otherwise.” But let us now turn to the serious problems of the vs.: 1) there is apparently no verb (or anything else) to govern tám … vṛjánam; 2) there is no verb to govern the presumed acc. dúraḥ ‘doors’ in the rel. clause; 3) esp. if gṛṇīṣé is taken to be the verb of the rel. cl. and a 2nd sg. passive ‘you are praised’ (as it is by most tr.), since the passive can’t govern an object, and ‘doors’ would be quite an outlandish object anyway.

My interpr. starts with the two things I think we can hold onto: 1) the collocation ví dúraḥ inevitably brings to mind the idiom ví dúraḥ √vṛ ‘open the doors’, used inter alia for the breaking of dawn, which is also often homologized to the opening of the Vala cave (e.g., VII.79.4), an act ascribed to Indra.

This is mentioned several times in this Indra cycle (VI.17.6, 18.5, 30.5). Thus the most likely way to interpr. the first part of 5b śū́ro yác chakra ví dúraḥ is as a rel. cl. referring to this action, supplying the verb √vṛ (or sim.): “When, o able one, as champion you (open[ed]) wide the doors.” If we thus interpr. the rel. cl., the supposed passive gṛṇīṣé is displaced from its supposed role as verb in that clause (though we could, of course, assume the ‘open’ idiom was participial and gṛṇīṣé could then be the main verb).

2. gṛṇīṣe (generally unaccented) is otherwise almost entirely a 1st sg. -se form, “I (shall) sing/praise,” so the passive interpr. just mentioned is not attractive in any case. In the last vs. of a hymn such an assertion of a 1st ps. praiser is certainly apposite and expected.

The gist of my interpr. rests on these two observations. I take gṛṇīṣé as a 1st sg. and not part of the dependent clause, which expresses the formulaic ‘open the doors’. gṛṇīṣé’s object is vṛjánam at the beginning of the hemistich. The verb gṛṇīṣé is accented because it immediately follows a subord. clause. The major problem that I see is that this requires that the yád clause be embedded, and I don’t see any way out of that. I would also prefer if Indra were the object of the praise, not (merely) the vṛjánam. He might indeed be represented by the init. tám, which would then not modify vṛjánam. This would produce an alternative tr. “Him here and now do I sing, as (I do/did) otherwise the community, when …” I am not entirely satisfied with this interpr., but I do not have anything better to offer (nor do other interpr.).

The rest of the vs. is much less problematic. The most important thing to note is that the dhenú- ‘milk-cow’ must be masc. because of the adj. śukradúghasya ‘having bright/clear milk’. This gender not only goes against nature, but also against the phrase in 4c sudúghām … dhenúm, with the fem. adj. sudúghām. The gender switch is obviously deliberate, and the likely reason for it was already formulated by Sāyaṇa.: that this is a reference to the soma-plant and the soma juice that is milked out of it. (Both Geldner and Schmidt take the two genitives separately, which rescues the gender of dhenóḥ but ignores the shock value of the gender switch.) That pāda b has to do with opening the Vala cave is supported by the mention of the Aṅgirases in d.

Also in d, bráhmaṇā is ring-compositionally related to bráhma in 1a.

Lead otherwise this present foeman, Sakra! Hence art thou praised as Hero, foe destroyer
Him who gives pure gifts may I praise unceasing. Sage, quicken the Angirases by devotion.

Zu diesem Opferbund komm jetzt wie sonst, da du, Mächtiger, gepriesen wirst als Held, der die Tore aufschließt. Nicht möchte ich entbehren die Milchkuh des den hellen Samen milchenden Soma. Belebe die Angirasiden mit der Kraft des Wortes, du Redegewaltiger!

Auch jetzt wie sonst erwähl’ ich diesen Mann mir; wenn, starker, du als Held die Thüren aufthust, Nicht fehl mir dann der Stier, dess Same strömet, beleb’, o weiser, durch Gebet die Sänger.

При(езжай) сейчас в эту жертвенную общину, как и в другие разы,
О герой, когда, о могучий, тебя воспевают (как) от(крывающего) врата.
Да не лишусь я дойной коровы – доящегося светлым семенем (сомы)!
Оживи, о вдохновенный, священным словом потомков Ангирасов!

• इन्द्र:
• नरः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (विप्र) बुद्धिमान् जन (शक्र) सामर्थ्य और अत्यन्त ऐश्वर्य से युक्त राजन् ! (यत्) जो (वृजनम्) चलते हैं जिससे वा जिसमें उनकी (नूनम्) निश्चित (आ, गृणीषे) प्रशंसा करते हो (तम्) उसकी (चित्) भी (निः) निरन्तर प्रशंसा करते हो और (शूरः) भयरहित और शत्रुओं के मारनेवाले आप (दुरः) द्वारों को (जिन्व) पुष्ट करिये तथा (शुक्रदुघस्य) शीघ्र पूर्ण करनेवाली (धेनोः) वाणी के (आङ्गिरसान्) प्राणों में श्रेष्ठों को (ब्रह्मणा) बड़े धन वा अन्न से (अरम्) अच्छे प्रकार से (वि) प्रसन्न कीजिये और कभी (अन्यथा) अन्यथा (मा) न करिये ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो राजा आदि जन प्रजाओं को सुख से शोभित कर अन्याय से अन्यथा आचरण नहीं करते, वे सम्पूर्ण ऐश्वर्य्य से युक्त होते हैं ॥५॥ इस सूक्त में इन्द्र, विद्वान्, राजा और प्रजा के गुण वर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह पैंतीसवाँ सूक्त और सातवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे विप्रशक्रेन्द्र ! यद् वृजनं नूनमाऽऽगृणीषे तञ्चिन्निर्गृणीषे शूरस्त्वं दुरो जिन्व। शुक्रदुघस्य धेनोश्चाङ्गिरसान् ब्रह्मणाऽरं वि जिन्व। कदाचिदन्यथा मा कुर्याः ॥५॥

पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तम्) (आ) (नूनम्) निश्चितम् (वृजनम्) व्रजन्ति येन यस्मिन् वा (अन्यथा) (चित्) अपि (शूरः) निर्भयः शत्रुहन्ता (यत्) (शक्र) शक्तिमन् (वि) (दुरः) द्वाराणि (गृणीषे) प्रशंससि (मा) (निः) नितराम् (अरम्) अलम् (शुक्रदुघस्य) आशुपूर्तिकर्त्र्याः (धेनोः) वाचः (आङ्गिरसान्) अङ्गिरःसु प्राणेषु साधून् (ब्रह्मणा) महता धनेनान्नेन वा (विप्र) मेधाविन् (जिन्व) प्रीणीहि ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये राजादयो जनाः प्रजाः सुखेनालङ्कृत्यान्यायादन्यथाचरणं न कुर्वन्ति ते समग्रैश्वर्येण युक्ता जायन्ते ॥५॥ अत्रेन्द्रविद्वद्राजप्रजागुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति पञ्चत्रिंशत्तमं सूक्तं सप्तमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जे राजे प्रजेला सुखात ठेवतात, अन्यायाने अयोग्य आचरण करीत नाहीत ते संपूर्ण ऐर्श्वयाने युक्त होतात. ॥ ५ ॥