सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
सायण-भाष्यम्
‘ अपूर्व्या’ इति पञ्चर्चं नवमं सूक्तं त्रैष्टुभमैन्द्रम् । ‘अपूर्व्या’ इत्यनुक्रान्तम् । द्वितीये छान्दोमिकेऽहनि निष्केवल्य एतत्सूक्तम् । सूत्रितं च— अपूर्व्या पुरुतमानि तां सु ते कीर्तिम् ’ (आश्व. श्रौ. ८.७ ) इति । महाव्रतेऽपि निष्केवल्येऽस्य सूक्तस्य विनियोग उक्तः ॥
Jamison Brereton
32 (473)
Indra
Suhotra Bhāradvāja
5 verses: triṣṭubh
Unlike the common practice, whereby the final verse of the hymn constitutes the poet’s summing up of his hymn, in this hymn the first verse serves this purpose, in meta-relationship with what follows. The remaining verses, each of which begins with the pronoun sá “he,” constitute the praise the poet announced in verse 1. Verses 2–3 refer to the Vala myth, with special attention paid to Indra’s companions in this enterprise, the unnamed Aṅgirases, and verse 5 may be an oblique account of the aftermath of the Vr̥tra slaying. In verse 4 Indra is exhorted to grant the singer pow
ers and riches.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Indra As noted in the published introduction, the first vs. is a meta-verse in which the poet refers to his own just-composed praise; the remaining vss. constitute that praise, and all begin with the prn. sá, a stylistic repetition that unifies and defines the praisehymn proper. It is noteworthy that, although the vocabulary and rhetoric leave no doubt of the identity of the recipient of the praise, the name “Indra” is not mentioned until the last vs. (5b) and the word “god” not at all. In this connection note the unaccented dat. asmai ‘for him’ in the first pāda of the hymn. Such unaccented oblique pronominal forms assume a referent already in the discourse, so Indra is present from the beginning despite not being named or even referred to at this point in the hymn, and the dative descriptors that follow in this vs., particularly vajríṇe ‘possessing the mace’ in c, simply reinforce the audience’s recognition.
01 अपूर्व्या पुरुतमान्यस्मै - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ᳓पूर्विया पुरुत᳓मानि अस्मै
महे᳓ वीरा᳓य तव᳓से तुरा᳓य
विरप्शि᳓ने वज्रि᳓णे शं᳓तमानि
व᳓चांसि आसा᳓ स्थ᳓विराय तक्षम्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अपू॑र्व्या पुरु॒तमा॑न्यस्मै म॒हे वी॒राय॑ त॒वसे॑ तु॒राय॑ ।
वि॒र॒प्शिने॑ व॒ज्रिणे॒ शन्त॑मानि॒ वचां॑स्या॒सा स्थवि॑राय तक्षम् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - सुहोत्रः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अ᳓पूर्विया पुरुत᳓मानि अस्मै
महे᳓ वीरा᳓य तव᳓से तुरा᳓य
विरप्शि᳓ने वज्रि᳓णे शं᳓तमानि
व᳓चांसि आसा᳓ स्थ᳓विराय तक्षम्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Normal on metrical evidence alone
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ápūrvyā ← ápūrvya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
asmai ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
purutámāni ← purutáma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
taváse ← tavás- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
turā́ya ← turá- 1 (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
vīrā́ya ← vīrá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
śáṁtamāni ← śáṁtama- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
vajríṇe ← vajrín- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
virapśíne ← virapśín- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
āsā́ ← ā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
sthávirāya ← sthávira- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
takṣam ← √takṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
vácāṁsi ← vácas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
पद-पाठः
अपू॑र्व्या । पु॒रु॒ऽतमा॑नि । अ॒स्मै॒ । म॒हे । वी॒राय॑ । त॒वसे॑ । तु॒राय॑ ।
वि॒ऽर॒प्शिने॑ । व॒ज्रिणे॑ । शम्ऽत॑मानि । वचां॑सि । आ॒सा । स्थवि॑राय । त॒क्ष॒म् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- apūrvyā ← apūrvya
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “incomparable.”
- purutamāny ← purutamāni ← purutama
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “most(a).”
- asmai ← idam
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
- mahe ← mah
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”
- vīrāya ← vīra
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”
- tavase ← tavas
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “strong; energetic.”
- turāya ← tura
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “powerful; noble; noble.”
- virapśine ← virapśin
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “exuberant; copious; ample.”
- vajriṇe ← vajrin
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”
- śantamāni ← śaṃtama
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “beneficent.”
- vacāṃsy ← vacāṃsi ← vacas
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”
- āsā ← ās
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “mouth.”
- sthavirāya ← sthavira
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “old; strong; hardy; firm; firm.”
- takṣam ← takṣ
- [verb], singular, Present injunctive
- “produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
अपूर्व्या अपूर्व्याणि पूर्वैरकृतानि नूतनानि पुरुतमानि बहुतमानि शंतमानि सुखकृत्तमानि वचांसि स्तुतिरूपाणि वाक्यानि आसा आस्येन अस्मै इन्द्राय तक्षम् अतक्षम् । करोमि । कीदृशाय । महे महते वीराय विविधं शत्रूणामीरयित्रे तवसे तवस्विने बलवते तुराय त्वरमाणाय विरप्शिने विशेषेण स्तुत्याय वज्रिणे वज्रवते स्थविराय प्रवृद्धाय ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“I have fabricated with my mouth unprecedented, comprehensive, and gratifying praises to that mighty, heroic, powerful, rapid, adorable, and ancient wielder of the thunderbolt.”
Jamison Brereton
For him I have fashioned with my mouth these words, unprecedented, best of many, most wealful—for the great hero, powerful and
precipitous,
conferring abundance, bearing the mace, stalwart.
Griffith
I WITH my lips have fashioned for this Hero words never matched, most plentiful and auspicious,
For him the Ancient, Great, Strong, Energetic, the very mighty Wielder of the Thunder.
Geldner
Ganz neue, allererste Worte will ich auf ihn, auf den großen Helden, den starken, überlegenen mit dem Munde formen, die dem überreichen Keulenträger, dem stattlichen am meisten zusagen.
Grassmann
Sehr viele neue, angenehmste Lieder hab’ ich dem grossen, ihm, dem starken Helden, Dem blitzenden, dem schnellen, krafterfüllten, gewaltigen gedichtet, ihm vor Augen.
Elizarenkova
Небывалые, лучшие из многих слова,
Самые благодатные для этого великого героя,
Для сильного, (всех) превосходящего, изобильного громовержца
Я хочу вытесать устами – для крепкого.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- सुहोत्रः
- भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अब पाँच ऋचावाले बत्तीसवें सूक्त का प्रारम्भ है, उसके प्रथम मन्त्र में विद्वान् जन क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे मैं (आसा) मुख से (अस्मै) इस (महे) बड़े (वीराय) बल पराक्रम तथा विद्यायुक्त के लिये और (तवसे) बल के लिये (तुराय) शीघ्र कार्य करनेवाले तथा (विरप्शिने) प्रशंसित (वज्रिणे) प्रशंसित शस्त्र और अस्त्रों से युक्त (स्थविराय) वृद्धजन के लिये (अपूर्व्या) नहीं विद्यमान हैं पूर्व जिससे उसमें हुए (पुरुतमानि) अतिशय बहुत (शन्तमानि) अतीव कल्याण करनेवाले (वचांसि) वचनों का (तक्षम्) उपदेश करूँ, वैसे आप लोग भी अन्यों को उपदेश दीजिये ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। विद्वानों को चाहिये कि सदा ही सब के लिये सत्य उपदेश करना चाहिये, जिससे अतुल सुख होवे ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यथाऽहमासाऽस्मै महे वीराय तवसे तुराय विरप्शिने वज्रिणे स्थविरायाऽपूर्व्या पुरुतमानि शन्तमानि वचांसि तक्षं तथा यूयमप्यन्यानुपदिशत ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अथ विद्वांसः किं कुर्युरित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अपूर्व्या) न विद्यते पूर्वो यस्मात् सोऽपूर्वस्तत्र भवानि (पुरुतमानि) अतिशयेन बहूनि (अस्मै) (महे) महते (वीराय) बलपराक्रमविद्यायुक्ताय (तवसे) बलाय (तुराय) क्षिप्रं कारिणे (विरप्शिने) प्रशंसिताय (वज्रिणे) प्रशस्तशस्त्रास्त्रयुक्ताय (शन्तमानि) अतिशयेन कल्याणकराणि (वचांसि) वचनानि (आसा) मुखेन (स्थविराय) वृद्धाय (तक्षम्) उपदिशेयम् ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः । विद्वद्भिः सदैव सर्वेभ्यः सत्योपदेशः कर्त्तव्यः येनातुलं सुखं जायेत ॥१॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - विषयः
या सूक्तात इंद्र, विद्वान व राजाच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्व सूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. विद्वानांनी सदैव सर्वांसाठी सत्याचा उपदेश करावा व अतुल सुख प्राप्त करावे. ॥ १ ॥
02 स मातरा - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
स᳓ मात᳓रा सू᳓रियेणा कवीना᳓म्
अ᳓वासयद् रुज᳓द् अ᳓द्रिं गृणानः᳓
सुआधी᳓भिर् ऋ᳓क्वभिर् वावशान᳓
उ᳓द् उस्रि᳓याणाम् असृजन् निदा᳓नम्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स मा॒तरा॒ सूर्ये॑णा कवी॒नामवा॑सयद्रु॒जदद्रिं॑ गृणा॒नः ।
स्वा॒धीभि॒रृक्व॑भिर्वावशा॒न उदु॒स्रिया॑णामसृजन्नि॒दान॑म् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - सुहोत्रः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ मात᳓रा सू᳓रियेणा कवीना᳓म्
अ᳓वासयद् रुज᳓द् अ᳓द्रिं गृणानः᳓
सुआधी᳓भिर् ऋ᳓क्वभिर् वावशान᳓
उ᳓द् उस्रि᳓याणाम् असृजन् निदा᳓नम्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Normal on metrical evidence alone
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
kavīnā́m ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}
mātárā ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sū́ryeṇa ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
ádrim ← ádri- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
ávāsayat ← √vas- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
gr̥ṇānáḥ ← √gr̥̄- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
ruját ← √ruj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
ŕ̥kvabhiḥ ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
svādhī́bhiḥ ← svādhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}
vāvaśānáḥ ← √vaś- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
asr̥jat ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}
nidā́nam ← nidā́na- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
usríyāṇām ← usríya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}
út ← út (invariable)
पद-पाठः
सः । मा॒तरा॑ । सूर्ये॑ण । क॒वी॒नाम् । अवा॑सयत् । रु॒जत् । अद्रि॑म् । गृ॒णा॒नः ।
सु॒ऽआ॒धीभिः॑ । ऋक्व॑ऽभिः । वा॒व॒शा॒नः । उत् । उ॒स्रिया॑णाम् । अ॒सृ॒ज॒त् । नि॒ऽदान॑म् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- mātarā ← mātṛ
- [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
- “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
- sūryeṇā ← sūryeṇa ← sūrya
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
- kavīnām ← kavi
- [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
- “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”
- avāsayad ← avāsayat ← vāsay ← √vas
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- rujad ← rujat ← ruj
- [verb], singular, Present injunctive
- “break; bend.”
- adriṃ ← adrim ← adri
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”
- gṛṇānaḥ ← gṛ
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “praise.”
- svādhībhir ← su
- [adverb]
- “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
- svādhībhir ← ādhībhiḥ ← ādhī
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “longing.”
- ṛkvabhir ← ṛkvabhiḥ ← ṛkvan
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “singing.”
- vāvaśāna ← vāvaśānaḥ ← vaś
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”
- ud
- [adverb]
- “up.”
- usriyāṇām ← usriyā
- [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
- “cow; dairy product.”
- asṛjan ← asṛjat ← sṛj
- [verb], singular, Imperfect
- “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”
- nidānam ← nidāna
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “nidāna; cause; symptom; band.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
सः इन्द्रः मातरा मातरौ दिवं च पृथिवीं च कवीनां क्रान्तदर्शिनामङ्गिरसामर्थाय सूर्येण अवासयत् प्राकाशयत् । किं कुर्वन् । अद्रिं गवामदर्शनाय वलेन स्थापितं पर्वतं रुजत् भञ्जन् । यद्वा । कवीनाम् अङ्गिरसामिति तृतीयार्थे षष्ठी । अङ्गिरोभिः गृणानः स्तूयमान इति संबन्धः । अपि च स्वाधीभिः शोभनध्यानैः ऋक्वभिः स्तोतृभिरङ्गिरोभिः वावशानः पुनः पुनः काम्यमानः सन् उस्रियाणां वलस्य भृत्यैः पणिभिरपहृतानां गवां निदानं बन्धनम् उत् असृजत् अमोचयत् ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“He has obtained the parent (worlds, heaven and earth), with the sun, for the sake of the sages, (he aṅgirasas), and, glorified (by them), he has shattered the mountain; repeatedly wished for by his adorers intently meditating (upon him), he has cast off the fetters of the kine.”
Jamison Brereton
He made the two mothers of the poets shine with the sun; he broke the rock as he was being hymned.
Bellowing [/being eager] along with the very attentive versifiers, he let loose the binding of the ruddy cows.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The identity of the “two mothers/parents of the poets” (mātárā … kavīnā́m) has been much discussed; see esp. Oldenberg, as well as Geldner (n. 2ab) and Schmidt (Bṛhaspati und Indra 151).
The two leading candidate pairs are Heaven + Earth (/the two World Halves) and Heaven + Dawn, but only the former seems at all likely to me. Dawn and Heaven are not a stable pairing and therefore would be unlikely to be referred to by the pregnant dual mātárā, whereas this dual is regularly used of Heaven and Earth. Cf. esp.
IX.75.4 prarocáyan ródasī mātárā śúciḥ [/ IX.85.12 prā́rūrucad …], where ródasī ‘the two World Halves’ is explicitly present and where the verb is a lexical variant of our ávāsayat ‘caused to shine’.
Why they are considered “the parents of poets” is not clear. If it isn’t simply that Heaven and Earth provide everyone the conditions for existence and therefore count as universal parents (which seems rather lame), perhaps they become parents of poets when Indra makes them shine with the sun, calling forth the poetic effusions at the dawn sacrifice. The tenuousness of the parental connection has led to suggestions for other ways to construe kavīnā́m. Geldner suggests that the clause is a blend of two senses: Heaven and Earth are the referents of the dual, and they are simply named as parents without indication of their offspring, but the poet also wanted to refer to Dawn as the (single) mother of the Aṅgirases, and so the gen. pl.
kavīnā́m belongs only to this putative expression (mātáram kavīnā́m). This seems overly complex, and in addition I know of no evidence that Uṣas was the mother of the Aṅgirases. Oldenberg suggests that kavīnā́m could be construed as genitval agent with gṛṇānáḥ, but since that participle is in a different clause, that solution is out. Perhaps the best, if we don’t want to construe it with mātárā, is Sāyaṇa.’s, to take kavīnā́m as the equivalent of a dative of benefit (aṅgirasām arthāya).
The part. vāvaśānáḥ in c has generally been ascribed to √vaś ‘want, be eager (for)’: so Grassmann and Lubotsky, as well as the tr. ‘begierig’ of Geldner and Schmidt. However, Kümmel has argued (478-80) that all forms of the perfect stem vāvaś- actually belong to √vāś ‘bellow’, not √vaś – though he sneaks some of the semantics of the latter into his glosses ‘brüllen sehnsüchtig’ (etc.). Although I do not want to eliminate the pf. to √vaś in so absolute a way as Kümmel, in this passage at least I think the participle embodies a pun and, moreover, the primary sense is ‘bellowing’, not ‘being eager’.
The central narrative of the Vala myth has Indra vocalizing in concert with the Aṅgirases (“the very attentive versifiers”) in order to break open the cave and release the cows. No doubt he was “eager” to accomplish this, but it is the noise-making that is the focus of the myth. In this vs. we get a double view of Indra: he is both hymned (gṛṇānáḥ b) presumably by the Aṅgirases and also sings (/bellows) along with them, with two complementary participles, both modifying Indra and stationed at the end of adjacent pādas. The cooperation of Indra and the Aṅgirases is emphasized in the next vs. _________
03
On mitájñu- see Scarlatta 344; it is used here in a context very similar to abhijñú in III.39.5, which also concerns Indra and the Aṅgirases at the winning of cattle and contains parallel phraseology: sákhā ha yátra sákhibhiḥ … abhijñú … gā́anugmán “When the comrade with his comrades the Navagvas, the warriors, from their crouch followed after the cows.” The ‘knee’ cmpds presumably describe the stance of the warrior-poets in this conflict, at least in these two passages. However, in VII.95.4, a hymn to Sarasvatī, it describes the position of “reverential ones” (namasyà-) imploring the goddess in prayer, and though there is a martial portion of VII.82.4, where another example of the stem occurs, the form in question is found in the part of the vs. that describes invocations made in peace time. The final instance of the word, in III.59.3, is too generic to pin down. Thus, it seems that a posture with “fixed knees” may be adopted in various circumstances, including that of prayer.
The second hemistich contains a series of balanced etymological figures: púraḥ purohā́sákhibhiḥ sakhīyán, … kavíbhiḥ kavíḥ sán. I am somewhat puzzled by the nom. sg. pres. part. sán, which is usually concessive, but which should not have that function here. The use of sán is esp. surprising because it breaks the parallelism of the two rhyming post-caesura phrases in cd: … sákhibhiḥ sakhīyán, … kavíbhiḥ kavíḥ sán. We should expect rather *kavīyán, matching sakhīyán, and in fact the stem kavīyánt- does exist (IX.94.1 kavīyán, also in pāda-final position). Perhaps an exact match would have been considered too sing-songy, and the near-match phonologically of -íḥ sán with -īyán suggested the figure without insisting on it. Or else the poet wanted to emphasize that Indra is indeed a poet, in addition to his usual roles as victorious warrior and first comrade among comrades. In the latter case, the phrase might be tr. “being himself a poet along with poets.”
Griffith
Amid the sages, with the Sun he brightened the Parents: glorified, he burst the mountain;
And, roaring with the holy-thoughted singers, he loosed the bond that held the beams of Morning.
Geldner
Er erleuchtete die beiden Mütter der Seher durch die Sonne; er erbrach gepriesen den Fels. Mit den gutessinnenden Sängern macht e er begierig die Fessel der Kühe los.
Grassmann
Er machte hell der weisen Götter Aeltern durch Sonnenlicht, zerbrach den Fels, der hehre; Von jubelnden begrüsst, die auf ihn schauten, band los er da den Strang der rothen Kühe.
Elizarenkova
Он осветил двух матерей поэтов
Солнцем, пробил скалу, когда его воспели.
Стремясь вместе с благожелательными певцами,
Он отпустил привязь у коров.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- सुहोत्रः
- स्वराट्पङ्क्ति
- पञ्चमः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे (सूर्येण) सूर्य्य के सहित बिजुलीरूप अग्नि (अद्रिम्) मेघ को (रुजत्) स्थिर करता और (कवीनाम्) विद्वानों के (मातरा) माता-पिता को (अवासयत्) वसाता है, वैसे ही जो राजा (स्वाधीभिः) सुन्दर स्थान जिनके उन नीतियों और (ऋक्वभिः) प्रशंसा के योग्य व्यवहारों के साथ (गृणानः) स्तुति करता और (वावशानः) कामना करता हुआ जैसे सूर्य्य (उस्रियाणाम्) किरणों के (निदानम्) निश्चय को, वैसे निश्चय को (उत्, असृजत्) उत्पन्न करता है (स) वह राजा सब से सत्कार करने योग्य है ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। हे राजन् ! जैसे सूर्य्य किरणों से सबको प्रकाशित करता है, वैसे ही विनय आदिकों से सम्पूर्ण राज्य को प्रकाशित करिये और जैसे श्रेष्ठ पुत्र माता-पिता की सेवा करते हैं, वैसे ही राजधर्म का सेवन करिये ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यथा सूर्येणा सहितो विद्युदग्निरद्रिं रुजत् कवीनां च मातराऽवासयत् तथैव स्वाधीभिर्ऋक्वभिस्सह गृणानो वावशानो यथा सवितोस्रियाणां निदानमिव निदानमुदसृजत् स राजा सर्वैः सत्कर्त्तव्यः ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (मातरा) मातापितरौ (सूर्येण) सवित्रा। अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (कवीनाम्) विदुषाम् (अवासयत्) वासयति (रुजत्) रुजति (अद्रिम्) मेघम् (गृणानः) स्तुवन् (स्वाधीभिः) शोभना आधयस्सन्ति यासां ताभिर्नीतिभिः (ऋक्वभिः) प्रशंसनीयैः (वावशानः) कामयमानः (उत्) अपि (उस्रियाणाम्) किरणानामिव (असृजत्) सृजति (निदानम्) निश्चयम् ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः । हे राजन् ! यथा सूर्यो रश्मिभिः सर्वं प्रकाशयति तथैव विनयादीभिः सर्वं राज्यं प्रकाशय यथा सत्पुत्रा मातापितरौ सेवन्ते तथैव राजधर्मं सेवस्व ॥२॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - भावार्थ -या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. हे राजा ! जसा सूर्यकिरणांसह सर्वांना प्रकाशित करतो तसे विनयाने संपूर्ण राज्याची प्रसिद्धी कर व जसे श्रेष्ठ पुत्र माता व पिता यांची सेवा करतात तसाच राजधर्माचा स्वीकार कर. ॥ २ ॥
03 स वह्निभिऋड़्क्वभिर्गोषु - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
स᳓ व᳓ह्निभिर् ऋ᳓क्वभिर् गो᳓षु श᳓श्वन्
मित᳓ज्ञुभिः पुरुकृ᳓त्वा जिगाय
पु᳓रः पुरोहा᳓ स᳓खिभिः सखीय᳓न्
दॄळ्हा᳓+ रुरोज कवि᳓भिः कविः᳓ स᳓न्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स वह्नि॑भि॒रृक्व॑भि॒र्गोषु॒ शश्व॑न्मि॒तज्ञु॑भिः पुरु॒कृत्वा॑ जिगाय ।
पुरः॑ पुरो॒हा सखि॑भिः सखी॒यन्दृ॒ळ्हा रु॑रोज क॒विभिः॑ क॒विः सन् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - सुहोत्रः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ व᳓ह्निभिर् ऋ᳓क्वभिर् गो᳓षु श᳓श्वन्
मित᳓ज्ञुभिः पुरुकृ᳓त्वा जिगाय
पु᳓रः पुरोहा᳓ स᳓खिभिः सखीय᳓न्
दॄळ्हा᳓+ रुरोज कवि᳓भिः कविः᳓ स᳓न्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Normal on metrical evidence alone
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
góṣu ← gáv- ~ gó- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}
ŕ̥kvabhiḥ ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
śáśvat ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
váhnibhiḥ ← váhni- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
jigāya ← √ji- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
mitájñubhiḥ ← mitájñu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
purukŕ̥tvā ← purukŕ̥tvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
púraḥ ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
purohā́ ← purohán- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sákhibhiḥ ← sákhi- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
sakhīyán ← √sakhīy- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
dr̥ḷhā́ḥ ← √dr̥h- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}
kavíbhiḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
kavíḥ ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ruroja ← √ruj- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
sán ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
सः । वह्नि॑ऽभिः । ऋक्व॑ऽभिः । गोषु॑ । शश्व॑त् । मि॒तज्ञु॑ऽभिः । पु॒रु॒ऽकृत्वा॑ । जि॒गा॒य॒ ।
पुरः॑ । पु॒रः॒ऽहा । सखि॑ऽभिः । स॒खि॒ऽयन् । दृ॒ळ्हाः । रु॒रो॒ज॒ । क॒विऽभिः॑ । क॒विः । सन् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- vahnibhir ← vahnibhiḥ ← vahni
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; Agni; vahni; draft horse; three; sacrificial fire; Vahni; gold; southeast; citron; charioteer; leader.”
- ṛkvabhir ← ṛkvabhiḥ ← ṛkvan
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “singing.”
- goṣu ← go
- [noun], locative, plural, masculine
- “cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
- śaśvan ← śaśvat
- [adverb]
- “always; repeatedly; continually; wholly.”
- mitajñubhiḥ ← mitajñu
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “kneeling.”
- purukṛtvā ← purukṛtvan
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- jigāya ← ji
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”
- puraḥ ← pur
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”
- purohā ← purohan
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- sakhibhiḥ ← sakhi
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
- sakhīyan ← sakhīy
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “befriend.”
- dṛᄆhā ← dṛᄆhāḥ ← dṛḍha
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”
- ruroja ← ruj
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “break; bend.”
- kavibhiḥ ← kavi
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”
- kaviḥ ← kavi
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”
- san ← as
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
पुरुकृत्वा बहुकर्मकृत् सः इन्द्रः वह्निभिः हविषां वोढृभिः ऋक्वभिः स्तोतृभिः शश्वत् सर्वदा मितज्ञुभिः संकुचितजानुभिरङ्गिरोभिः सह गोषु निमित्तभूतेषु जिगाय असुरान् जितवान् । जित्वा च पुरोहा पुराणां हन्ता सः इन्द्रः सखिभिः समानख्यानैः कविभिः क्रान्तप्रज्ञैरङ्गिरोभिः सह सखीयन् सखित्वमात्मन इच्छन् कविः सन् स्वयमपि क्रान्तप्रज्ञो भवन् दृळ्हाः स्थिराः पुरः आसुरीः पुरीः रुरोज ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“He, the achiever of many deeds, together with his worshippers ever offering oblations upon bended knees, has overcome (the asuras) for (the rescue of) the cows; friendly with his friends (the aṅgirasas), far-seeing with the faqr-seeing, the destroyer of cities has demolished the strong cities (of the asuras).”
Jamison Brereton
He, the doer of many deeds, triumphed every time when cattle were at stake, in company with the conveyors (of songs), the versifiers with
their knees fixed.
Acting as comrade along with his comrades, the smasher of fortresses broke the firmly fixed fortresses, being a poet along with poets.
Griffith
Famed for great deeds, with priests who kneel and laud him, he still hath conquered in the frays for cattle,
And broken down the forts, the Fort-destroyer, a Friend with friends, a Sage among the sages.
Geldner
Zusammen mit den Wortführern, den Sängern mit aufgestemmten Knieen hat der Tatenreiche jedesmal im Kampf um die Rinder gesiegt. Die festen Burgen hat der Burgzerstörer gebrochen, mit den Freunden Freundschaft haltend, mit den Sehern selbst ein Seher
Grassmann
Er siegte stets, viel wirkend, Küh’ erstreitend, mit jubelnden Gefährten straff an Knien; Die festen Burgen brach der Burgzerbrecher, der Freund den Freunden, weise mit den weisen.
Elizarenkova
Он вместе с везущими (жертву жрецами), с коленопреклоненными певцами
Каждый раз побеждал – в битвах за коров, (этот) свершитель многих (подвигов).
Сокрушитель крепостей, он проломил твердые крепости,
Дружа с друзьями, ведя себя мудро с мудрецами.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- सुहोत्रः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
राजा कैसे जनों के साथ मित्रता करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे सज्जनो ! जो (मितज्ञुभिः) सङ्कुचित जाँघवाले बैठे हुए विद्वानों और (ऋक्वभिः) प्रशंसित (वह्निभिः) धारण करनेवाले (कविभिः) विद्वानों से (कविः) विद्वान् (सन्) हुआ और (सखिभिः) मित्रों से (सखीयन्) मित्र के सदृश आचरण करता हुआ (पुरोहा) नगरों का नाश करनेवाला (दृळ्हाः) कम्पन क्रिया से रहित (पुरः) शत्रुओं के नगरों का (रुरोज) भङ्ग करता है और (गोषु) उत्तम प्रकार शिक्षित वाणियों में (शश्वत्) निरन्तर (पुरुकृत्वा) बहुत करके शत्रुओं को (जिगाय) जीतता है (सः) वही आप लोगों से मानने योग्य है ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य प्रशंसित, बलिष्ठ, थोड़े बोलनेवाले, विद्वान् मित्रों के साथ मित्रता कर राज्य को प्राप्त होकर दुष्टों का नाश करके धार्मिकों की रक्षा करते हैं, वे कृतकृत्य होते हैं ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे सज्जना ! यो मितज्ञुभिर्ऋक्वभिर्वह्निभिः कविभिः कविः सन् सखिभिः सखीयन् सन् पुरोहा दृळ्हाः पुरो रुरोज गोषु शश्वत् पुरुकृत्वा शत्रून् जिगाय स एव युष्माभिर्मन्तव्यः ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
राजा कीदृशैः सह मित्रतां कुर्य्यादित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (वह्निभिः) वोढृभिः (ऋक्वभिः) प्रशंसितैः (गोषु) सुशिक्षितासु वाक्षु (शश्वत्) निरन्तरम् (मितज्ञुभिः) सङ्कुचितजानुभिरासीनैर्विद्वद्भिः (पुरुकृत्वा) (जिगाय) जयति (पुरः) शत्रूणां नगराणि (पुरोहा) पुराणां हन्ता (सखिभिः) मित्रैः (सखीयन्) सखेवाचरन् (दृळ्हाः) निष्कम्पाः (रुरोज) रुजति भनक्ति (कविभिः) विपश्चिद्भिः (कविः) विद्वान् (सन्) ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्याः प्रशंसितैर्बलिष्ठैर्मितभाषिभिर्विद्वद्भिर्मित्रैस्सह मैत्रीं कृत्वा राज्यं प्राप्य दुष्टान् हत्वा धार्मिकान् रक्षन्ति ते कृतकृत्या भवन्ति ॥३॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे प्रशंसित, बलवान, मितभाषी, विद्वान मित्रांबरोबर मैत्री करून राज्य प्राप्त करून दुष्टांचा नाश करून धार्मिकांचे रक्षण करतात ती कृतकृत्य होतात. ॥ ३ ॥
04 स नीव्याभिर्जरितारमच्छा - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
स᳓ नीवि᳓याभिर् जरिता᳓रम् अ᳓छा
महो᳓ वा᳓जेभिर् मह᳓द्भिश् च शु᳓ष्मैः
पुरुवी᳓राभिर् वृषभ क्षितीना᳓म्
आ᳓ गिर्वणः सुविता᳓य प्र᳓ याहि
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स नी॒व्या॑भिर्जरि॒तार॒मच्छा॑ म॒हो वाजे॑भिर्म॒हद्भि॑श्च॒ शुष्मैः॑ ।
पु॒रु॒वीरा॑भिर्वृषभ क्षिती॒नामा गि॑र्वणः सुवि॒ताय॒ प्र या॑हि ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - सुहोत्रः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ नीवि᳓याभिर् जरिता᳓रम् अ᳓छा
महो᳓ वा᳓जेभिर् मह᳓द्भिश् च शु᳓ष्मैः
पुरुवी᳓राभिर् वृषभ क्षितीना᳓म्
आ᳓ गिर्वणः सुविता᳓य प्र᳓ याहि
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Normal on metrical evidence alone
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
Morph
ácha ← ácha (invariable)
jaritā́ram ← jaritár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
nīvyā̀bhiḥ ← nīvyā̀- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ca ← ca (invariable)
mahádbhiḥ ← mahā́nt- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
maháḥ ← mahá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
śúṣmaiḥ ← śúṣma- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
vā́jebhiḥ ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
kṣitīnā́m ← kṣití- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}
puruvī́rābhiḥ ← puruvī́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}
vr̥ṣabha ← vr̥ṣabhá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
girvaṇaḥ ← gírvaṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
prá ← prá (invariable)
suvitā́ya ← suvitá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}
yāhi ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
सः । नी॒व्या॑भिः । ज॒रि॒तार॑म् । अच्छ॑ । म॒हः । वाजे॑भिः । म॒हत्ऽभिः॑ । च॒ । शुष्मैः॑ ।
पु॒रु॒ऽवीरा॑भिः । वृ॒ष॒भ॒ । क्षि॒ती॒नाम् । आ । गि॒र्व॒णः॒ । सु॒वि॒ताय॑ । प्र । या॒हि॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- nīvyābhir ← nīvyābhiḥ ← nīvyā
- [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
- jaritāram ← jaritṛ
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “singer.”
- acchā
- [adverb]
- “towards; accha [prefix].”
- maho ← mahaḥ ← maha
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “great; abundant.”
- vājebhir ← vājebhiḥ ← vāja
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”
- mahadbhiś ← mahadbhiḥ ← mahat
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
- ca
- [adverb]
- “and; besides; then; now; even.”
- śuṣmaiḥ ← śuṣma
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “vigor; energy; fire; hiss; courage.”
- puruvīrābhir ← puru
- [noun]
- “many; much(a); very.”
- puruvīrābhir ← vīrābhiḥ ← vīra
- [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
- “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”
- vṛṣabha
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
- kṣitīnām ← kṣiti
- [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
- “floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”
- ā
- [adverb]
- “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
- girvaṇaḥ ← girvaṇas
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- suvitāya ← suvita
- [noun], dative, singular, neuter
- “prosperity; well-being.”
- pra
- [adverb]
- “towards; ahead.”
- yāhi ← yā
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे वृषभ कामानां वर्षक हे गिर्वणः गिरा स्तुत्या संभजनीयेन्द्र सः त्वं महः महद्भिः वाजेभिः वाजैरन्नैः महद्भिः शुष्मैः बलै: च सह क्षितीनां प्रजानां मध्ये जरितारं स्तोतारम् अच्छ आभिमुख्येन नीव्याभिः नव्याभिर्नवतराभिः पुरुवीराभिः पुरूणां बहूनां वीरयित्रीभिः बडवाभिः आ प्र याहि आगच्छ । किमर्थम् । सुविताय शोभनाय । सुखप्राप्त्यर्थमित्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Showerer (of benefits), propitiated by the praise, come to him who glorifies you to make him happy among men with abundant food, with exceeding strength, and with young (mares) with numerous colts.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Nīvyābhi puruvīrābhiḥ = navatarābhiḥ bahūnām vīrayitribhir vaḍavābhiḥ, with very new or young mares bearing male progeny of many
Jamison Brereton
As great one, drive here to the singer with (riches) to clothe (him), with prizes, and with your great unbridled powers,
with (riches) bringing many heroes, o bull of the settlements, you who long for songs—for good faring.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Pāda b is also found at IV.22.3b, where it is a part of an independent nominal clause. However, here it fits well within the larger clause structure, whose main verb is prá yāhi at the end of the vs. Cf., e.g., VIII.2.19 ó ṣú prá yāhi vā́jebhiḥ, with the vā́jebhiḥ of our b. The fact that this pāda is a self-contained repetition aids in the interpr. of the surrounding pādas a and c, both of which contain fem. instr. pls., nīvyā̀bhiḥ and puruvī́rābhiḥ respectively. Although two masc. instr. pls. intervene, vā́jebhiḥ and śúṣmaiḥ, they can be sequestered in the ready-made pāda b, and the two feminines of a, c can be construed together.
Although Grassmann interpr. the hapax nīvyā̀bhiḥ as belonging to a fem. noun nīvyā̀-, most subsequent interpr. take it as an adj. If both nīvyā̀bhiḥ and puruvī́rābhiḥ are adjectives, we need to determine the underlying referent that they modify. As just noted, the first of these instr. is a hapax, but puruvī́ra- occurs 9x in the RV; in 6 of these occurrences it modifies rayí- ‘wealth’ (IV.44.6, VI.6.7, 22.3, 49.15, VIII.71.6, X.167.1), including 3x in VI. Given the marked predominance of this collocation, the most likely referent for puruvī́ra- in our passage is also rayí-. Now rayí- is ordinarily masc., but there are occasional fem. usages, and although I have tried to whittle down their number (see comm. ad VI.8.5), it cannot be reduced to zero. One occurrence of puruvī́ra- is a clear fem. modifying rayí-: X.167.1 rayím puruvī́rām. I therefore supply a form of ‘wealth, riches’ here, with fem. gender, as referent for both fem. adjectives. It may be that the feminine was chosen here to signal that these instr. pls.
do not modify the masc. instr. pl.s in b.
This now brings us to the meaning and affiliation of the hapax nīvyà-. This is generally and fairly plausibly connected with nīví- ‘loincloth’ or undergarment of some sort, first attested in the AV and found also in the VS and early Vedic prose.
The developed meaning of our adj. is supposed to be ‘(something) to be wrapped and carried in a nīví-’. Cf. Geldner’s “mit in den Schurz gebundenen (Geschenken?)”; Oldenberg more expansively suggests that Indra could knot into his loin cloth a host of strong sons. He compares nīvibhāryà- ‘to be carried/worn in the nīví- in AV(Ś) VIII.6.20 (=AVP XVI.81.1), which is certainly suggestive. However, this interpr. encounters a practical difficulty: just how much can be carried in a loincloth? Even Indra, whose garments are presumably more capacious than ours, would probably not be able to fit into his underwear the extravagant amount of gifts we generally ask him for. The images that come to mind — at least to my mind — are of a hobo’s bundle at the end of his stick and of a stork delivering a baby in a cloth sling (presumably a diaper?) hanging from its beak, both of which have limited carrying space. The AV passage containing nīvibhāryà- simply confirms this. Found in a hymn “To guard a pregnant woman from demons” (in Whitney’s title), the verse in question concerns possible miscarriage (áva √pad lit. ‘fall down’, but a standard idiom for miscarriage) and recommends that the pregnant woman carry/wear two remedies in her nīví-: VIII.6.20bcd yád dhitáṃ mā́va pādi tát / gárbhaṃ ta ugraú rakṣatāṃ bheṣajaú nīvibhāryā̀“What has been deposited [=embryo], let that not ‘fall down’; let the two powerful remedies to be worn/carried in your nīvi protect your embryo.” This obviously involves inserting into the garment some sort of prophylactic of modest enough size that it could be reasonably worn on an everyday basis – not taking off the garment and stuffing it full of goodies.
The published translation maintains the connection with nīví-, or rather with √vyā ‘envelop’, which at least some take as the root at issue (see Grassmann, also [critical] disc. in KEWA s.v. nīvíḥ; the morphology is admitted difficult, and EWA casually suggests a connection to ní √yu ‘join’ [perhaps anticipated by Geldner’s invocation, n. 4a, of niyút-], which does not seem a better alternative, as it would require an unprecedented alternate syllabification of the zero-grade of √yu to *iv). The published translation ‘to clothe (him)’ rests on the metaphor of clothing as wealth. Cf. nearby VI.35.1 kadā́stómaṃ vāsayo ‘sya rāyā́“When will you clothe his praise-song with wealth?” However, I now see that I brushed aside problems of both form and function: the root √vyā does not distract its initial cluster, but both meter and accent require a reading nivíyā-; if the form is meant to be a gerundive, it should be passive in function, a usage not reflected in the translation; vowel-final preverbs do not lengthen before √vyā; ní is not found with √vyā in the RV. I now suggest that the form belongs to a different root entirely: √vī ‘pursue’. This root is found with ní in the RV, though only in the intensive (see Schaeffer, 190-91), in a usage I tr. ‘bear down on’, though here it could mean something more like ‘track down’ or simply ‘pursue’. Among the many objects that forms of √vī take, riches and the like are found (e.g., in this maṇḍala VI.12.6 véṣi rāyáḥ). Moreover, in root-noun cmpds with this root, vowel-final preverbs are lengthened: pratī-vī́- (3x), prā-vī́- (1x), and cf. devā-vī́- (12x) beside deva-vī́- (1x, though cf. common devá-vīti-). (On these lengthenings see Scarlatta 499, 500, 501.) The derivation is not without problems. If the form is a gerundive (as I’d like), the root accent is fine, but we would expect guṇa or vṛddhi, not zero-grade.
Despite this formal problem, I think this root affiliation and formal interpr. solve many of the problems that other interpr. face, and so I would emend the tr. to “… with (riches) to be tracked down/pursued …” in place of “… to clothe (him).”
Griffith
Come with thy girthed mares, with abundant vigour and plenteous strength to him who sings thy praises.
Come hither, borne by mares with many heroes, Lover of song! Steer! for the people’s welfare.
Geldner
Komm zum Sänger mit in den Schurz gebundenen Geschenken, groß an Erfolgen und an großen Kräften, mit Geschenken von vielen Söhnen, du Bulle der Völker, du Lobbegehrender, zur Wohlfahrt!
Grassmann
So schreite vor zum Sänger mit Geschenken, mit grossen Kräften, mit des grossen Gaben, Mit männerreichen, o du Stier der Völker, zu hohem Glück, der du an Liedern Lust hast.
Elizarenkova
(Иди) к певцу с (дарами) в набедренной повязке (?),
С великими наградами великого и с силами,
С дарами в виде многих сыновей, о бык народов,
О ты, любящий хвалебные песни, иди на благо!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- सुहोत्रः
- निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (वृषभ) बलयुक्त (गिर्वणः) उत्तम वाणियों से सेवा किये गये अत्यन्त ऐश्वर्य्य के करनेवाले राजन् ! (सः) वह आप (नीव्याभिः) प्राप्त कराने योग्य पदार्थों में होनेवाली तथा (वाजेभिः) वेग और विज्ञान आदि गुणवालों तथा (महद्भिः) महाशयों और (शुष्मैः) प्रशंसित बलवालों से युक्त (पुरुवीराभिः) बहुत वीर जिनमें उन सेनाओं के साथ (क्षितीनाम्) मनुष्यों की (सुविताय) प्रेरणा के लिये (प्र,आ,याहि) अच्छे प्रकार यात्रा करिये और (महः) बड़े (जरितारम्, च) और स्तुतिवाले को (अच्छा) उत्तम प्रकार प्राप्त हूजिये ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य धार्मिक, बलिष्ठ और उत्तम प्रकार से शिक्षित पुरुषों की सेनाओं से विजय के लिये प्रयत्न करे, वह निश्चय कर विजय को प्राप्त होवे ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे वृषभ गिर्वण इन्द्र राजन्त्स त्वं नीव्याभिर्वाजेभिर्महद्भिः शुष्मैर्युक्ताभिः पुरुवीराभिः सेनाभिस्सह क्षितीनां सुविताय प्राऽऽयाहि महो जरितारं चाऽच्छा याहि ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (नीव्याभिः) नीविषु प्रापणीयेषु भवाभिः (जरितारम्) स्तावकम् (अच्छा) अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (महः) महान्तम् (वाजेभिः) वेगविज्ञानादिगुणवद्भिः (महद्भिः) महाशयैः (च) (शुष्मैः) प्रशंसितबलैः (पुरुवीराभिः) पुरवो बहवो वीरा यासु सेनासु ताभिः (वृषभ) बलिष्ठ (क्षितीनाम्) मनुष्याणाम् (आ) (गिर्वणः) य उत्तमाभिर्वाग्भिः सेव्यते तत्सम्बुद्धौ (सुविताय) प्रेरणाय (प्र) (याहि) प्रयाणं कुरु ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - यो मनुष्यो धार्मिकाणां बलिष्ठानां सुशिक्षितानां सेनाभिर्विजयाय प्रयतेत स ध्रुवं विजयमाप्नुयात् ॥४॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे धार्मिक, बलवान व प्रशिक्षित सेनेद्वारे विजयासाठी प्रयत्न करतात ती निश्चित विजय प्राप्त करतात. ॥ ४ ॥
05 स सर्गेण - त्रिष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
स᳓ स᳓र्गेण श᳓वसा तक्तो᳓ अ᳓त्यैर्
अप᳓ इ᳓न्द्रो दक्षिणत᳓स् तुराषा᳓ट्
इत्था᳓ सृजाना᳓ अ᳓नपावृद् अ᳓र्थं
दिवे᳓-दिवे विविषुर् अप्रमृष्य᳓म्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स सर्गे॑ण॒ शव॑सा त॒क्तो अत्यै॑र॒प इन्द्रो॑ दक्षिण॒तस्तु॑रा॒षाट् ।
इ॒त्था सृ॑जा॒ना अन॑पावृ॒दर्थं॑ दि॒वेदि॑वे विविषुरप्रमृ॒ष्यम् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - इन्द्रः
- ऋषिः - सुहोत्रः
- छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
स᳓ स᳓र्गेण श᳓वसा तक्तो᳓ अ᳓त्यैर्
अप᳓ इ᳓न्द्रो दक्षिणत᳓स् तुराषा᳓ट्
इत्था᳓ सृजाना᳓ अ᳓नपावृद् अ᳓र्थं
दिवे᳓-दिवे विविषुर् अप्रमृष्य᳓म्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Normal on metrical evidence alone
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
átyaiḥ ← átya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
sárgeṇa ← sárga- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
śávasā ← śávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
taktáḥ ← √tak- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}
dakṣiṇatáḥ ← dakṣiṇatáḥ (invariable)
índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
turāṣā́ṭ ← turāṣáh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ánapāvr̥t ← ánapāvr̥t (invariable)
ártham ← ártha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
itthā́ ← itthā́ (invariable)
sr̥jānā́ḥ ← √sr̥j- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
apramr̥ṣyám ← apramr̥ṣyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
divé-dive ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
viviṣuḥ ← √viṣ- 2 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
सः । सर्गे॑ण । शव॑सा । त॒क्तः । अत्यैः॑ । अ॒पः । इन्द्रः॑ । द॒क्षि॒ण॒तः । तु॒रा॒षाट् ।
इ॒त्था । सृ॒जा॒नाः । अन॑पऽवृत् । अर्थ॑म् । दि॒वेऽदि॑वे । वि॒वि॒षुः॒ । अ॒प्र॒ऽमृ॒ष्यम् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- sargeṇa ← sarga
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “Creation; metempsychosis; discharge; torrent; birth; undertaking.”
- śavasā ← śavas
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “strength; power; superiority.”
- takto ← taktaḥ ← tak
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- atyair ← atyaiḥ ← atya
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “horse; steed.”
- apa
- [adverb]
- “away.”
- indro ← indraḥ ← indra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
- dakṣiṇatas
- [adverb]
- “right; southward.”
- turāṣāṭ ← turāṣāh
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Indra.”
- itthā
- [adverb]
- “thus; here.”
- sṛjānā ← sṛjānāḥ ← sṛj
- [verb noun], nominative, plural
- “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”
- anapāvṛd ← anapāvṛt
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- arthaṃ ← artham ← artha
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “for; meaning; purpose; sense; wealth; object of sense; matter; aim; money; message; object; artha [word]; wealth; function; content; topic; property; situation; reason; affair; concern; reason; enterprise; reason; cause; five; application; application.”
- dive ← diva
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “day; sky; Svarga.”
- dive ← diva
- [noun], locative, singular, neuter
- “day; sky; Svarga.”
- viviṣur ← viviṣuḥ ← viṣ
- [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
- “labor; act; perform.”
- apramṛṣyam ← apramṛṣya
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
सायण-भाष्यम्
तुराषाट् तुराणां हिंसकानां सोढाभिभविता सः इन्द्रः सर्गेण सर्वदोद्युक्तेन शवसा बलेन अत्यैः अश्वैः सततगामिभिस्तेजोभिर्वा तक्तः संगतः सन् दक्षिणतः दक्षिणायने अपः उदकानि विसृजतीति शेषः । इत्था इत्थमनेन प्रकारेण सृजानाः सृज्यमानास्ता आपः अर्थं गन्तव्यम् अप्रमृष्यम् अन्यैरक्षोभ्यं समुद्रं दिवेदिवे प्रतिदिनम् अनपावृत् अपावर्तनं पुनरागमनं यथा न भवति तथा विविषुः व्याप्नुवन्ति ॥ अर्तेस्थन्प्रत्ययान्तस्य रूपमर्थमिति ॥ ॥ ४ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Endowed with natural force possessed of (swift) horses, Indra, the overcomer of the adversaries, (sets free) the waters at the southern (declination); thus liberated the waters expand daily to the insatiable goal whence there is no returning.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Southern declination: āpo dakṣiṇataḥ, the waters from or at the south; dakṣiṇāyana may be intended, the sun’s course south from the northern limit of the tropics; this heralds the commencement of the rainy season
Jamison Brereton
He, launched in a surge with power along with his coursers, Indra, overcoming the precipitous, (sent) the waters (surging) to the right.
Sent surging in just that way, without turning aside, day after day (the waters) have toiled at their purpose, not to be neglected.
Jamison Brereton Notes
sárgeṇa … taktáḥ is a decomposed variant of sárga-takta- (III.33.4, 11)(or, vice versa, the cmpd is compounded from this phrase).
Geldner terms this a “dunkler Sagenzug,” but I’m not sure why it can’t just be a snippet of the Vṛtra myth, after the serpent has been killed and Indra has released the pent-up waters, as I say in the published introduction. Although vss. 2-3 concern the Vala myth, Vala and Vṛtra themes often appear in the same hymns. Geldner also considers it difficult to supply the missing verb in b, but given sárgeṇa in a and the passively used aor.
part. sṛjānā́ḥ in c, implicitly modifying the waters, the missing verb is most likely a transitive form of √sṛj, with acc. apáḥ as obj., rather than Geldner’s “hat … (geleitet).” Among the many such passages, see very nearby VI.30.4 ávāsṛjo apó áchā samudrám, also with Indra as subj. Sim. Sāyaṇa.’s visṛjati.
The root-noun cmpd. turā-ṣā́ṭ picks up turā́ya in 1b in a nod towards ring composition. I tr. ‘overcoming the precipitous’ rather than my ‘overcoming the powerful’ in the other three passages (III.48.4, V.40.4, X.55.8) in order to capture this echo.
Griffith
Indra with rush and might, sped by his Coursers, hath swiftly won the waters from the southward.
Thus set at liberty the rivers daily flow to their goal, incessant and exhaustless.
Geldner
Im vollen Anlauf mit Macht mit seinen Rennern dahinschießend, hat Indra die Wasser zu ihrer Rechten geleitet, den Mächtigen bezwingend. So losgelassen haben sie, ohne sich zu verlaufen, Tag für Tag ihre nie versäumte Aufgabe erfüllt.
Grassmann
Im Strom hinschiessend kräftig mit den Rossen, geht Indra siegend rechter Hand der Wasser; Sie unablässig strömend wahrlich führten die Arbeit täglich aus, die unversäumbar.
Elizarenkova
Кинувшись со скакунами в мощном порыве,
Индра, победитель могучего, (выпустил течь) воды справа (от себя).
Выпущенные таким образом, не отклоняясь,
День за днем делают они свое неизменное дело.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- इन्द्र:
- सुहोत्रः
- त्रिष्टुप्
- धैवतः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर वह राजा क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे राजन् (सः) वह आप जैसे सूर्य्य (अपः) जलों को प्रकट करता है, वैसे (तक्तः) प्रसन्न (इन्द्रः) अत्यन्त ऐश्वर्य के देनेवाले (अत्यैः) घोड़ों के समान वेगवाले पदार्थों से और (दक्षिणतः) दहिने पसवाड़े से (सर्गेण) उत्तम प्रकार प्रकट करने योग्य (शवसा) बल से (तुराषाट्) हिंसकों को सहनेवाले तथा (अनपावृत्) असत्य को नहीं स्वीकार करनेवाले हुए आप (दिवेदिवे) प्रतिदिन (अप्रमृष्यम्) नहीं विचारने योग्य (अर्थम्) द्रव्य को सब ओर से स्वीकार करिये और जैसे (सृजानाः) उत्तम प्रकार शिक्षित जन कृत्य को (विविषुः) व्याप्त होते हैं (इत्था) इस हेतु से कर्त्तव्य कर्म्मों में प्रविष्ट हूजिये ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है। जो मनुष्य अधर्म्म से करने योग्य अनर्थ को नहीं करता है, वह सूर्य्य के सदृश प्रकाशित यशवाला होता है और जैसे सूर्य्य वृष्टि करके सब को हर्षित करता, वैसे ही राजा शुभगुणों की वर्षा करके सब को आनन्दित करे ॥५॥ इस सूक्त में इन्द्र, विद्वान् और राजा के गुणों का वर्णन होने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह बत्तीसवाँ सूक्त और चौथा वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे राजन् ! स त्वं यथा सूर्योऽपः सृजति तथा तक्त इन्द्रोऽत्यैर्दक्षिणतः सर्गेण शवसा तुराषाडनपावृत् सन् दिवेदिवेऽप्रमृष्यमर्थमा स्वीकुरु यथा सृजानाः कृत्यं विविषुरित्था कर्त्तव्यानि कर्माणि प्रविश ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः स राजा किं कुर्यादित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (सर्गेण) संसर्जनीयेन (शवसा) बलेन (तक्तः) प्रसन्नः (अत्यैः) अश्वैरिव वेगवद्भिः (अपः) जलानि (इन्द्रः) परमैश्वर्यप्रदः (दक्षिणतः) दक्षिणपार्श्वात् (तुराषाट्) यस्तुरान् हिंसकान्त्सहते (इत्था) अस्माद्धेतोः (सृजानाः) सुशिक्षिताः (अनपावृत्) यो नापवृणोति (अर्थम्) द्रव्यम् (दिवेदिवे) प्रतिदिनम् (विविषुः) व्याप्नुवन्ति (अप्रमृष्यम्) अविचारणीयम् ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः । यो मनुष्योऽधर्मेण कर्त्तव्यमनर्थं न करोति स सूर्य्यवत्प्रकाशितकीर्तिर्भवति यथाऽऽदित्यो वृष्टिं कृत्वा सर्वान् हर्षयति तथैव राजा शुभगुणान् वर्षयित्वा सर्वानानन्दयेदिति ॥५॥ अत्रेन्द्रविद्वद्राजगुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति द्वात्रिंशत्तमं सूक्तं चतुर्थो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जो माणूस अधर्माने कर्तव्यात कसूर करीत नाही त्याची कीर्ती प्रकाशाप्रमाणे पसरते व जसा सूर्य वृष्टी करून सर्वांना आनंदित करतो तसेच राजाने शुभगुण कर्माचा वर्षाव करून सर्वांना आनंदित करावे. ॥ ५ ॥