०२०

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

द्यउ꣡र् न꣡ य꣡ इन्द्र अभि꣡ भू꣡म अर्य꣡स्
तस्थउ꣡ रयिः꣡ श꣡वसा पृत्सु꣡ ज꣡नान्
तं꣡ नः सह꣡स्रभरम् उर्वरासां꣡
दद्धि꣡ सूनो सहसो वृत्रतु꣡रम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
abhí ← abhí (invariable)
{}

aryáḥ ← arí- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

bhū́ma ← bhū́man- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

dyaúḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

jánān ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

pr̥tsú ← pŕ̥t- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

rayíḥ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śávasā ← śávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

tasthaú ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

sahásrabharam ← sahásrabhara- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

urvarāsā́m ← urvarāsā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

daddhí ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sahasaḥ ← sáhas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

sūno ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥tratúram ← vr̥tratúr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

द्यौः । न । यः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । अ॒भि । भूम॑ । अ॒र्यः । त॒स्थौ । र॒यिः । शव॑सा । पृ॒त्ऽसु । जना॑न् ।
तम् । नः॒ । स॒हस्र॑ऽभरम् । उ॒र्व॒रा॒ऽसाम् । द॒द्धि । सू॒नो॒ इति॑ । स॒ह॒सः॒ । वृ॒त्र॒ऽतुर॑म् ॥

• dyaur ← dyauḥ ← div
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• ya ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• indrābhi ← indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• indrābhi ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• bhūmāryas ← bhūmā ← bhūman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “abundance; wealth; success; Krishna; plural.”

• bhūmāryas ← āryaḥ ← ārya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “noble; noble; Indo-European; ārya [word]; honorable; noble.”

• tasthau ← sthā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• rayiḥ ← rayi
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• śavasā ← śavas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; superiority.”

• pṛtsu ← pṛt
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “battle.”

• janān ← jana
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

• taṃ ← tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• sahasrabharam ← sahasra
• [noun], neuter
• “thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

• sahasrabharam ← bharam ← bhara
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• urvarāsāṃ ← urvarā
• [noun], feminine
• “field; Urvarā.”

• urvarāsāṃ ← sām ← sā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “winning.”

• daddhi ← dā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• sūno ← sūnu
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “son; offspring.”

• sahaso ← sahasaḥ ← sahas
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”

• vṛtraturam ← vṛtra
• [noun], masculine
• “enemy.”

• vṛtraturam ← turam ← tura
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “powerful; noble; noble.”

यः रयिः पुत्ररूपं धनं शवसा बलेन पृत्सु संग्रामेषु अर्यः अरीन् शत्रून् जनान् अभि तस्थौ आक्रामेत् । तत्र दृष्टान्तः। द्यौर्न । द्योतमानः सूर्यो यथा भूम भूतानि आक्रामति तद्वत् । हे सहसः सूनो बलस्य पुत्र इन्द्र त्वं तं पुत्रं नः अस्मभ्यं दद्धि देहि । कीदृशम् । सहस्रभरं सहस्रस्य धनस्य भर्तारम् उर्वरासाम् उर्वराणां सस्याढ्यानां भूमीनां सनितारं संभक्तारं वृत्रतुरं वृत्राणां शत्रूणां तरितारं तुर्वितारं वा ॥

English translation:

“Indra, son of strength, grant us (a son), the possessor of thousands, the owner of cultivated lands, the usbduer of foes, the riches that may overcome men in battles by strength, as the radiant (sun) overspreads the earth by his rays.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Grant us a son: the epithets seem to refer to a son, putram, who is metaphorically the riches of a family, and its defence againstt enemies, putrarūpam dhanam yo śavasā śatrūn ākramet

O Indra, wealth that in its vast power surmounts (the wealth) of the stranger, (namely) the peoples in battles, as heaven does the earth,
that brings thousands as plunder, wins fertile fields, and overcomes
obstacles—give that (wealth) to us, o son of strength.

As noted in the published introduction, the “ask” in this hymn comes at the beginning, not the end as is more usual. It is also excessively convoluted in syntax and phraseology. (My interpr. of the vs. is in great part guided by Thieme [Fremdl. 58] and to a certain extent Geldner, though as far as I can see Geldner simply fails to tr. parts of it.) The actual referent of the definitional rel. cl. that occupies the first hemistich is not encountered until the second word of pāda b (rayíḥ), preceded by a discontinuous simile dyaúr ná … bhū́ma “like heaven the earth,” whose first part has been fronted around the rel. prn. yáḥ, and by a verb in tmesis, abhí … tasthaú “surmounts,” whose preverb is stationed after the caesura in pāda a and whose verb form proper opens pāda b. And this is only the beginning! A first paraphrase of the first hemistich would be “as heaven (surmounts) the earth, the wealth that surmounts …,” with “wealth” corresponding grammatically and functionally to “heaven.” This first stab makes it immediately clear that we need an acc. obj. in the frame to correspond to bhū́ma in the simile, something that wealth can “surmount.” One acc. is obvious: jánān at the end of the hemistich. But what do we do with aryáḥ at the end of the first pāda? Oldenberg (ZDMG 54.169-70) takes it as an acc. pl., tr. “wie die Himmel über der Erde (sollen) die Schätze über den Geizigen (erhaben sein).” However, there is a reasonably well-attested phrase rā́yo aryáḥ “the riches of the stranger” (IV.48.1, VI.14.3, VI.47.9, and esp. VI.36.5; cf. also VI.1.5 and comm. on all those passages). In VI.36.5 it is found in exactly this context: dyaúr ná bhū́mābhí rā́yo aryáḥ “Like heaven over the earth, sur(mount) the riches of the stranger,” with rā́yo aryáḥ an object phrase exactly parallel to bhū́ma in the simile. It therefore seems best here to assume a gapping of acc. pl. rā́yaḥ, whose presence is suggested by the nom. rayíḥ, with aryáḥ a gen. as elsewhere. Hence “wealth that surmounts (the wealth/riches) of the stranger …” And what does this “wealth of the stranger” consist of? In all cases it seems to refer to manpower, not to material wealth, and our passage makes this clear by further specifying it as jánān ‘people(s)’.

As if the poet hadn’t misled us enough already with the intertwining of constituents and gapping of a crucial word, he also plants a false cue. The word bhū́ma is of course the acc. sg. to the neut. n-stem bhū́man-, as shown esp. by the parallel VI.36.5. But in its position directly after the preverb abhí, it looks mighty like a verb – and could almost (but only almost) be the 1st pl. root aor. bhūma, though with wrong accent (expect *bhūmá, a form not found in the RV). The lexeme abhí √bhū is close in meaning to the abhí √sthā we have here (whose verbal part has been postponed till the 2nd pāda), and given its sandhi form the rel. prn. yá (underlying yáḥ) could equally be underlying yé, which could match the number of the putative 1st pl. verb form (“we who surmount …”). Of course, as just noted, the accent on bhū́ma is wrong, and we would further expect abhí to lose its own accent and univerbate with an immediately following verb in a rel. clause. But I nonetheless think that the poet meant for his audience to follow this false trail, however briefly.

After this tangled beginning, the second hemistich is completely straightforward: the acc. tám picks up the rel. cl. couched in the nom., with the implicit referent “wealth,” modified by three acc. OBJ+VERBAL NOMINAL cmpds, all objects of “give” (daddhí). This is the last time in the hymn that Indra is asked to give us anything; the only other appeal to Indra is in 10a, where we pray to “win anew.” Almost all of the rest of the hymn treats previous heroic deeds of Indra, though it should be noted that many of these are presented in the injunctive, and the notoriously slippery usage of the injunctive may leave the possibility of current application open.

GIVE us wealth, Indra, that with might, as heaven o’ertops the earth, o’ercomes our foes in battle
Wealth that brings thousands and that wins the corn-lands, wealth, Son of Strength! that vanquishes the foeman.

Den Reichtum, der an Kraft hoch und niedrig in den Kämpfen überlegen ist, wie der Himmel über die Erde, o Indra, der tausendfachen Gewinn bringt, der Felder erringt und Feinde überwindet, den gib uns, du Sohn der Kraft!

Den Reichthum, Indra, der die Feind’ in Schlachten mit Kraft umspannt, wie Himmelsrund die Erde, Der Feld uns schafft und tausendfaches Gut bringt, den Feindbezwinger, schenke, Sohn der Kraft, uns.

(То) богатство благочестивого мужа, что, словно Небо-Землю, о Индра,
Всегда превосходит силой народы в сраженьях,
Его, приносящее тысячи, добывающее пашни,
Побеждающее врагов, дай нам, о сын силы!

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• आर्ष्यनुष्टुप्
• गान्धारः

अब तेरह ऋचावाले बीसवें सूक्त का प्रारम्भ है, उसके प्रथम मन्त्र में अब मनुष्यों को किसकी इच्छा करनी चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (सहसः) बल से (सूनो) श्रेष्ठ पुत्र (इन्द्र) अत्यन्त श्रेष्ठ धन से युक्त ! (यः) जो (द्यौः) बिजुली वा सूर्य के (न) समान प्रकाशित (रयिः) धन है इस का (अर्यः) स्वामी (शवसा) बल से (पृत्सु) सङ्ग्रामों में (जनान्) मनुष्यों के प्रति (अभि) सम्मुख (तस्थौ) वर्त्तमान होवे (तम्) उस (सहस्रभरम्) असंख्य को धारण करनेवाले (वृत्रतुरम्) जैसे मेघों को, वैसे शत्रुओं को नाश करता है जिससे उस तथा (उर्वरासाम्) बहुत श्रेष्ठ भूमियों में श्रेष्ठ विजय को (नः) हम लोगों के लिये (दद्धि) दीजिये जिससे हम लोग लक्ष्मीवान् (भूम) होवें ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जो मनुष्य बिजुली के सदृश पराक्रमी और सूर्य के सदृश प्रतापयुक्त हुए सङ्ग्रामों में साहसिक होवें, वे विजयवान् होवें ॥१॥

अन्वय: हे सहसः सूनो इन्द्र ! यो द्यौर्न रयिरस्त्यस्यार्यः शवसा पृत्सु जनानभि तस्थौ तं सहस्रभरं वृत्रतुरमुवर्रासां मध्ये श्रेष्ठं विजयं नो दद्धि येन वयं श्रीमन्तो भूम ॥१॥

अथ मनुष्यैः किमेष्टव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (द्यौः) विद्युत् सूर्यो वा (न) इव (यः) (इन्द्र) परमपूजित धनयुक्त (अभि) आभिमुख्ये (भूम) भवेम (अर्यः) स्वामी (तस्थौ) तिष्ठेत् (रयिः) धनम् (शवसा) बलेन (पृत्सु) सङ्ग्रामेषु (जनान्) (तम्) (नः) अस्मभ्यम् (सहस्रभरम्) यः सहस्रमसङ्ख्यं बिभर्त्ति तम् (उर्वरासाम्) बहुश्रेष्ठानां भूमीनाम् (दद्धि) देहि (सूनो) सत्पुत्र (सहसः) बलात् (वृत्रतुरम्) वृत्रानिव शत्रूंस्तुर्वति हिनस्ति येन तम् ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः ये मनुष्या विद्युद्वत्पराक्रमिणोऽर्कवद्दीप्तिमन्तः सङ्ग्रामेषु साहसिकाः स्युस्ते विजयवन्तो भवेयुः ॥१॥

या सूक्तात इंद्र, विद्वान, राजा व प्रजा यांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्व सूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जी माणसे विद्युतप्रमाणे पराक्रमी व सूर्याप्रमाणे प्रतापयुक्त असून युद्धात साहसी असतील तर ती विजयी होतात. ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

दिवो꣡ न꣡ तु꣡भ्यम् अ꣡नु इन्द्र सत्रा꣡
असुरि꣡यं देवे꣡भिर् धायि वि꣡श्वम्
अ꣡हिं य꣡द् वृत्र꣡म् अपो꣡ वव्रिवां꣡सं
ह꣡न्न् ऋजीषिन् · वि꣡ष्णुना सचानः꣡

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ánu ← ánu (invariable)
{}

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

satrā́ ← satrā́ (invariable)
{}

túbhyam ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

asuryàm ← asuryà- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

devébhiḥ ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

dhāyi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

víśvam ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

áhim ← áhi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vavrivā́ṁsam ← √vr̥- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

vr̥trám ← vr̥trá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

hán ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

r̥jīṣin ← r̥jīṣín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sacānáḥ ← √sac- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

víṣṇunā ← víṣṇu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

दि॒वः । न । तुभ्य॑म् । अनु॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । स॒त्रा । अ॒सु॒र्य॑म् । दे॒वेभिः॑ । धा॒यि॒ । विश्व॑म् ।
अहि॑म् । यत् । वृ॒त्रम् । अ॒पः । व॒व्रि॒ऽवांस॑म् । हन् । ऋ॒जी॒षि॒न् । विष्णु॑ना । स॒चा॒नः ॥

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• tubhyam ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• anv ← anu
• [adverb]
• “subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• satrāsuryaṃ ← satrā
• [adverb]

• satrāsuryaṃ ← asuryam ← asurya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “dignity.”

• devebhir ← devebhiḥ ← deva
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

• dhāyi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• viśvam ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• ahiṃ ← ahim ← ahi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• vṛtram ← vṛtra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

• apo ← apaḥ ← ap
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• vavrivāṃsaṃ ← vavrivāṃsam ← vṛ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”

• hann ← han
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• ṛjīṣin
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• viṣṇunā ← viṣṇu
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”

• sacānaḥ ← sac
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

दिवो न दिवे सूर्यायेव हे इन्द्र तुभ्यं सत्रा सत्यमेव विश्वं व्याप्तम् असुर्यम् असुरत्वं बलं देवेभिः देवैः स्तोतृभिः अनु धायि व्यधायि । अकारि । स्तोत्रैः स्तूयमाना देवता बलवती भवतीत्यर्थः । हे ऋजीषिन् विगतरससोमेन्द्र विष्णुना सचानः संगच्छमानस्त्वम् । ‘षच समवाये’ इति धातो रूपम् । यत् येनासुर्येण अपः उदकानि वव्रिवांसं परिवृण्वन्तम् अहिम् आगत्य हन्तारं वृत्रम् असुरं हन् अहन् अवधीः तद्वलं व्यधायीति पूर्वेण संबन्धः ॥

English translation:

“To you, Indra, as to the sun, all strength has verily been given by the gods; so that, drinker of the stale Soma, associated with Viṣṇu, you mightiest slay the hostile Ahi obstructing the waters.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Given by the gods: devebhiḥ = stotṛbhiḥ; stotraiḥ stuyamānā devatā balavatī, a deity becomes strong, being praised with praises; the hostile Ahi: ahim vṛtram = hantāram, Vṛtra, the destroyer Vṛtra

All lordly power, like (that) of heaven, was entirely ceded to you by the gods, o Indra,
when you, accompanied by Viṣṇu, smashed the serpent Vr̥tra, who had obstructed the waters, you possessor of the silvery drink.

This vs. begins like vs. 1, with a form of ‘heaven’ followed by the simile marker ná (1a dyaúr ná, 2a divó ná). In this case there is nothing in the frame that explicitly corresponds to the gen. diváḥ in the simile, though the dat. túbhyam is roughly parallel: like the “lordship of heaven,” lordship was conceded to you (Indra) and is therefore yours.

The standard idiom for ‘concede’ is ánu √dā, not, as here, ánu √dhā. Cf., with phraseology similar to here, VI.25.8 ánu te dāyi … satrā́te víśvam … (sim.

II.20.8). But √dhā is also found in this idiom elsewhere, e.g., VI.36.2 satrā́dadhire ánu vīryā̀ya. Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.326, Noten) seems prepared to follow Grassmann (Tr.) and v.

Bradke in emending dhāyi to *dāyi, but this seems unnec. The two roots are formally very parallel and in many contexts their meanings are barely distinguishable; I see no reason why √dhā cannot have acquired this idiomatic meaning with ánu in imitation of ánu √dā. In this particular case ánu √dhā may have been used in preference to ánu √dā because of the technical use of anudéya- in vs. 11 below. See disc. there.

Note that the ‘lordship, lordly power’ (asuryà-) is in the control of the gods and conceded to Indra, another indication that the later Asura/Deva divide is not present in the core RV. See also VI.36.1 below.

Even as the power of Dyaus, to thee, O Indra, all Asura sway was by the Gods entrusted,
When thou, Impetuous! leagued with Visnu, slewest Vrtra the Dragon who enclosed the waters.

Dir, Indra, ward die ganze Asuramacht insgesamt gleich der des Himmels von den Göttern zugestanden, als du, Trinker des Trestersafts mit Vishnu verbündet den Drachen Vritra erschlugst, der die Gewässer eingeschlossen hatte.

Dir, wie dem Himmel, räumten alle Götter, o Indra, ein die ganze Gottheitsfülle, Als du dem Vritra, der die Wasser einschloss, die Schlang’ erschlugst, o eilender, mit Vischnu.

Вся асурская сила была уступлена тебе
Богами – полностью, о Индра, равно как и (сила) неба,
Когда змея Вритру, сковавшего воды,
Ты убил в союзе с Вишну, о (бог,) пьющий сому из выжимок.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

फिर उसी विषय को अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (ऋजीषिन्) सरल धर्म से युक्त (इन्द्र) राजन् ! जैसे सूर्य (विष्णुना) व्यापक जगदीश्वर वा बिजुली से (सचानः) मिलनेवाला (यत्) जिसको (अपः) जलों के (वव्रिवांसम्) विभाग करते हुए (वृत्रम्) आच्छादन करनेवाले (अहिम्) मेघ को (हन्) नाश करता है, वैसे (देवेभिः) विद्वानों से (तुभ्यम्) आपके लिये (सत्रा) सत्य से (दिवः) कामना करते हुए (न) जैसे वैसे (विश्वम्) सम्पूर्ण (असुर्यम्) मूर्ख पापी जनों का ऐश्वर्य (अनु, धायि) पीछे धारण किया जाता है ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे सूर्य आठ महीने में जल के रसों को आकर्षण के द्वारा हरण करके चातुर्मास्य में वर्षाता है, वैसे ही राजा आठ महीने करों को ग्रहण कर अभय की वृष्टि करके प्रजा का पालन करे ॥२॥

अन्वय: हे ऋजीषिन्निन्द्र ! यथा सूर्य्यो विष्णुना सचानो यद्यमपो वव्रिवांसं वृत्रमहिं हंस्तथा देवेभिस्तुभ्यं सत्रा दिवो न विश्वमसुर्यमनु धायि ॥२॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (दिवः) कामयमानाः (न) इव (तुभ्यम्) (अनु) (इन्द्र) राजन् (सत्रा) सत्येन (असुर्यम्) असुराणां मूढानां पापिनामिदमैश्वर्यम् (देवेभिः) (धायि) ध्रियते (विश्वम्) समग्रम् (अहिम्) मेघम् (यत्) यम् (वृत्रम्) आच्छादकम् (अपः) जलानि (वव्रिवांसम्) (हन्) हन्ति (ऋजीषिन्) ऋजुधर्मयुक्त (विष्णुना) व्यापकेन जगदीश्वरेण विद्युता वा (सचानः) समवेतः ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। हे मनुष्या ! यथा सूर्य्योऽष्टसु मासेषु जलरसाननुकर्ष्य चातुर्मास्ये वर्षयति तथैव राजाऽष्टसु मासेषु करान् गृहीत्वाऽभयवृष्टिं कृत्वा प्रजां पालयेत् ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपामालंकार आहे. हे माणसांनो ! जसा सूर्य आठ महिन्यांत जलाच्या रसांना आकर्षणाद्वारे ओढून घेतो व चार महिने वृष्टी करवितो तसेच राजाने आठ महिने कर घेऊन अभयाची वृष्टी करून प्रजेचे पालन करावे. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

तू꣡र्वन्न् ओ꣡जीयान् तव꣡सस् त꣡वीयान्
कृत꣡ब्रह्मा इ꣡न्दरो+ वृद्ध꣡महाः
रा꣡जाभवन् म꣡धुनः सोमिय꣡स्य
वि꣡श्वासां य꣡त् पुरां᳐꣡ दर्त्नु꣡म् आ꣡वत्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ójīyān ← ójīyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tavásaḥ ← tavás- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

távīyān ← távīyaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tū́rvan ← √tūr(v)- ~ tur- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kr̥tábrahmā ← kr̥tábrahman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ddhámahāḥ ← vr̥ddhámahas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

abhavat ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

mádhunaḥ ← mádhu- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

rā́jā ← rā́jan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

somyásya ← somyá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́vat ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

dartnúm ← dartnú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

purā́m ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

víśvāsām ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

तूर्व॑न् । ओजी॑यान् । त॒वसः॑ । तवी॑यान् । कृ॒तऽब्र॑ह्मा । इन्द्रः॑ । वृ॒द्धऽम॑हाः ।
राजा॑ । अ॒भ॒व॒त् । मधु॑नः । सो॒म्यस्य॑ । विश्वा॑साम् । यत् । पु॒राम् । द॒र्त्नुम् । आव॑त् ॥

• tūrvann ← tūrvan ← tūrv
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “overpower.”

• ojīyān ← ojīyas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “stronger.”

• tavasas ← tavasaḥ ← tavas
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “strong; energetic.”

• tavīyān ← tavīyas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “stronger.”

• kṛtabrahmendro ← kṛta ← kṛ
• [verb noun]
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• kṛtabrahmendro ← brahmā ← brahman
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

• kṛtabrahmendro ← indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• vṛddhamahāḥ ← vṛddha ← vṛdh
• [verb noun]
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• vṛddhamahāḥ ← mahāḥ ← mahas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “greatness; festival; glory; reward; gladness.”

• rājābhavan ← rājā ← rājan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

• rājābhavan ← abhavat ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• madhunaḥ ← madhu
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

• somyasya ← somya
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “saumya.”

• viśvāsāṃ ← viśvāsām ← viśva
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• purāṃ ← purām ← pur
• [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• dartnum ← dartnu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• āvat ← av
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

यत् यदा इन्द्रः विश्वासां सर्वासां पुरां पुरीणां दर्त्नुं दारकं वज्रम् आवत् प्रापत् तदा सोम्यस्य सोममयस्य मधुनः मधुररसस्य राजा अभवत् स्वामी आसीत् । कीदृशः । तूर्वन् हिंसकान् हिंसन् ओजीयान् अतिशयेनौजस्वी तवसः बलवतः तवीयान् बलवत्तरः कृतब्रह्मा ॥ कृतं ब्रह्म स्तोत्रं यस्मै स्तोतृभिः सः । अथवा कृतं दत्तं ब्रह्म अन्नं येन स्तोतृभ्यः सः । वृद्धमहाः वृद्धतेजाः । एवंभूत इन्द्रो राजाभवदिति ॥

English translation:

“When Indra, the destroyer, the most mighty, the strongest of the strong, the giver of food, the possessor of vast splendour, received (the thunderbolt), the shatterer of all the cities (of the asuras), he became the lord of the sweet Soma.”

Overpowering, mightier and stronger than the strong, he for whom the sacred formulation is created, whose greatness increased—Indra
became king of the somian honey when he aided the splitting of all the strongholds.

The published translation takes Indra as the subj. of ā́vat in d, with dartnúm an action noun “when he aided the splitting …” But, on the basis of other -(t)nú-stems (cf. AiG II.2.696-97 and 741-42), dartnú- is more likely verbal/agentive (‘splitting, splitter’) and the subject of ā́vat should then be soma (“the somian honey” mádhu- sómyá-).

So explicitly Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.326, with convincing parallels; Geldner appears to follow, though his tr. is more equivocal. I would therefore change the tr. to “when it [=soma] aided the splitter of all the strongholds.”

Indra, Strong, Victor, Mightier than the mighty, addressed with prayer and perfect in his splendour,
Lord of the bolt that breaketh forts in pieces, became the King of the sweet juice of Soma..

Überwindend als der Kräftigere, stärker als stark, machterstarkt, wann ihm eine Erbauung bereitet wird, ward Indra König des somischen Metes, der dem Brecher aller Burgen half.

Vordringend, stärker, mächtiger, als Macht ist, voll ausgewachsen Indra durch Gebete, Ward König er des süssen Somatrunkes, als er dem Brecher aller Burgen beistand.

Одерживая верх как более могучий, сильнее сильного,
Индра, чья мощь возросла от сотворенной (ему) молитвы,
Стал царем меда из сомы,
Который пришел на помощь проломителю всех крепостей.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (यत्) जो शत्रुओं का (तूर्वन्) नाश करता हुआ (ओजीयान्) अतिशय पराक्रमयुक्त जन (तवसः) बल का (तवीयान्) अत्यन्त प्रशंसित (कृतब्रह्मा) किया धन वा अन्न जिसने वह (वृद्धमहाः) बड़े सहायक जिसके ऐसा (इन्द्रः) ऐश्वर्य का बढ़ानेवाला (राजा) प्रकाशमान राजा (अभवत्) होवे और (सोम्यस्य) रस आदिकों में हुए (मधुनः) मधुर आदि गुणों से युक्त के और (विश्वासाम्) सम्पूर्ण (पुराम्) नगरियों के (दर्त्नुम्) नाश करनेवाले की (आवत्) रक्षा करे, उसी को राजा करिये ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो पराक्रमी, बली जनों में बली, विद्वानों में विद्वान्, वृद्ध जनों में वृद्ध और जीतते हुए भृत्यों का सत्कार करनेवाला होवे, उसी का राज्य में अभिषिक्त करके सुखी हूजिये ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यद्यः शत्रूँस्तूर्वन्नोजीयांस्तवसस्तवीयान् कृतब्रह्मा वृद्धमहा इन्द्रो राजाऽभवत् सोम्यस्य मधुनो विश्वासां पुरां दर्त्नुमावत् तमेव राजानं कुरुध्वम् ॥३॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तूर्वन्) हिंसन् (ओजीयान्) अतिशयेन पराक्रमी (तवसः) बलस्य (तवीयान्) अतिशयेन प्रशंसितः (कृतब्रह्मा) कृतं ब्रह्म धनमन्नं वा येन सः (इन्द्रः) ऐश्वर्यवर्द्धकः (वृद्धमहाः) वृद्धा महान्तः सहाया यस्य सः (राजा) प्रकाशमानः (अभवत्) भवेत् (मधुनः) मधुरादिगुणयुक्तस्य (सोम्यस्य) सोमेषु रसादिषु भवस्य (विश्वासाम्) सर्वासाम् (यत्) (पुराम्) नगरीणाम् (दर्त्नुम्) विदारकम् (आवत्) रक्षेत् ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यः पराक्रमी बलिनां बली विदुषां विद्वान् वृद्धानां वृद्धो विजयमानानां भृत्यानां सत्कर्त्ता स्यात्तमेव राज्येऽभिषिक्तं कृत्वा सुखिनो भवत ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जो पराक्रमी, बलवान लोकांत बलवान, विद्वानांत विद्वान, वृद्ध लोकांत वृद्ध व जिंकलेल्या सेवकांचा सत्कार करणारा असेल त्यालाच राज्याभिषेक करून सुखी व्हा. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

शतइ꣡र् अपद्रन् पण꣡य इन्द्रा꣡त्र
द꣡शोणये कव꣡ये अर्क꣡सातौ
वधइः꣡ शु꣡ष्णस्य अशु꣡षस्य मायाः꣡
पित्वो꣡ न꣡ अरिरेचीत् किं꣡ चन꣡ प्र꣡

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
apadran ← √pad- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

átra ← átra (invariable)
{}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

paṇáyaḥ ← paṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śataíḥ ← śatá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

arkásātau ← arkásāti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

dáśoṇaye ← dáśoṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

kaváye ← kaví- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

aśúṣasya ← aśúṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

māyā́ḥ ← māyā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

śúṣṇasya ← śúṣṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

vadhaíḥ ← vadhá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

arirecīt ← √ric- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PLUPRF, voice:ACT}

caná ← caná (invariable)
{}

kím ← ká- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

pitváḥ ← pitú- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

श॒तैः । अ॒प॒द्र॒न् । प॒णयः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । अत्र॑ । दश॑ऽओणये । क॒वये॑ । अ॒र्कऽसा॑तौ ।
व॒धैः । शुष्ण॑स्य । अ॒शुष॑स्य । मा॒याः । पि॒त्वः । न । अ॒रि॒रे॒ची॒त् । किम् । च॒न । प्र ॥

• śatair ← śataiḥ ← śata
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• apadran ← pad
• [verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
• “fall.”

• paṇaya ← paṇayaḥ ← paṇi
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “niggard; paṇ.”

• indrātra ← indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• indrātra ← atra
• [adverb]
• “now; there; then; then; there; here; here; in the following; alternatively; now.”

• daśoṇaye ← daśoṇi
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine

• kavaye ← kavi
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “poet; wise man; bard; Venus; Uśanas; kavi [word]; Kavi; prophet; guru; Brahma.”

• ‘rkasātau ← arka
• [noun], masculine
• “Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

• ‘rkasātau ← sātau ← sāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• vadhaiḥ ← vadha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “killing; weapon; māraṇa; execution; destruction; vadh-; Vadha; dysfunction; punishment; kick.”

• śuṣṇasyāśuṣasya ← śuṣṇasya ← śuṣṇa
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Śuṣṇa.”

• śuṣṇasyāśuṣasya ← aśuṣasya ← aśuṣa
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “edacious.”

• māyāḥ ← māyā
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “magic trick; Māyā; deception; illusion; māyā [word]; disguise; trick.”

• pitvo ← pitvaḥ ← pā
• [verb noun]
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• nārirecīt ← nā ← na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• nārirecīt ← arirecīt ← ric
• [verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
• “empty; liberate; concede; surrender; purge.”

• kiṃcana ← kaścana
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “some(a); any(a); some(a); any(a).”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

अत्र अस्मिन् अर्कसातौ । अर्कोऽन्नं प्राप्यतेऽस्मिन्नित्यर्कसातिर्युद्धम् । तस्मिन् दशोणये बहुहविष्कात् कवये मेधाविनः । पञ्चम्यर्थे चतुर्थी । हे इन्द्र त्वत्सहायात् कुत्सात् बिभ्यतः पणयः एतन्नामकासुराः शतैः शतसंख्याकैः बलैः सार्धम् अपद्रन् अपाद्रवन् । अपलायन्त । अपि चेन्द्रः अशुषस्य अशुष्कस्य । संपूर्णबलस्येत्यर्थः । शुष्णस्य एतन्नामकासुरस्य कुत्सस्य शत्रोः मायाः कपटान् वधैः हननसाधनैरायुधैः न प्र अरिरेचीत् प्ररिक्तानतिरिक्तान्नाकरोत् । पित्वः अन्नस्य । पितुरित्यन्ननामैतत् । किं चन किंचिदपि न प्रारिरेचीत् । तदीयमन्नं सर्वमप्यपाहारयत् ॥

English translation:

“The Paṇis, Indra, fled, with hundres (of asuras), from the sage, your worshipper (and ally) in battle; neither did e, (Indra), suffer the deceptions of the powerful Śuṣṇa to prevail over his weapons, nor did he (leave him) any of his sustenance.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

From the sage: daśoṇaye kavaye = bahu kaviṣkāt medhāvinaḥ, from the wise man offeing many oblations, that is tvatsahāyakutsāt, from Kutsa, your ally; elsewhere Daśoṇi is the name of an asura

The Paṇis were felled here by hundreds (of deadly weapons), o Indra, for the sake of the ten-armed poet at the winning of the (sun’s) rays;
by the deadly weapons the magic powers of the voracious Śuṣṇa (were felled). Nothing at all had he left over from the meal.

I read the instr. plurals opening the two hemistichs (śataíḥ 4a, vadhaíḥ 4c) “vertically” – that is, as a single NP distributed over two clauses. This seems to be Geldner’s solution too: “Durch hundert (Streiche) …; durch (deine) Streiche …”; so also Oldenberg ZDMG 55.326. The fact that a form of √pad needs to be read in pāda c, matching apadran in pāda a supports this interpr. It would, however, be possible to interpr. śataíḥ as “by the hundreds,” referring to the felled Paṇis. So Kümmel (424).

In the published translation I took the beneficiary of Indra’s actions in pāda b to be a single person, “the ten-armed poet” (dáśoṇaye kaváye)(so Geldner), and since dáśoṇi- recurs in 8a apparently qualifying vetasú-, I considered this to be a reference to this shadowy Vetasu. But I now think this identification is incorrect or at least misleading. When the word kaví- is found in an Indra / Kutsa / Śuṣṇa context it always (in my current view) refers to Uśanā Kāvya, and I believe that to be the case here — strengthened by the fact that the other two occurrences of arká-sāti- (I.174.7, VI.26.3) are found with kaví- in the Kutsa / Śuṣṇa myth, where the word must surely refer to Uśanā Kāvya. (Oldenberg makes the same point, ZDMG 55.326-27.) I therefore now think that “for the poet” means “for Uśanā Kāvya,” and “for the ten-armed” is likely a reference to a different person, identified as Vetasu in vs. 8. (Oldenberg considers the additional possibility that dáśoṇi- is an epithet of UK, but seems to favor the separation into two individuals.) On the basis of 8a and Geldner’s disc. there (n. 8), it further seems likely, or at least possible, that vetasú- in 8 refers to Kutsa, and therefore in our 4b the two datives refer to Kutsa and UK. I would therefore now alter the tr. to “for the sake of the ten-armed one [=Kutsa?] and of the poet [=Uśanā Kāvya].” My tr. of dáśoṇi- in this vs. and in 8a reflects the current consensus, endorsed by Mayr (EWA s.v. oṇí- “offenbar ‘Arm’”), that oṇí- means ‘arm’ (as opposed to Grassmann’s ‘Schutz’ and ‘Mutterbrust’), but I think that this interpr. might be ripe for revisiting. The passages are not particularly diagnostic – the most important evidence is the fact that the stem is generally dual – and it lacks a clear etymology (though it’s sometimes connected with √av ‘help’). There is also the question of the cmpd. sandhi: if dáśoṇi- consists of dáśa + oṇí-, it should of course come out as

*dáśauṇi-. The -o- has been accounted for (see EWA s.v. oṇí- [p.c from J. Schindler], Mayr PN s.v. dáśoniya-) by invoking TS I.2.6.1, where the widely attested mantra abhí tyáṃ deváṃ savitā́ram oṇyòḥ kavíkratum (AV VII.14.1, etc.) instead contains ūṇyòḥ. The ū- initial would indeed yield the proper sandhi result, but given the otherwise overwhelming attestation of oṇyòḥ in the mantra, the TS variant does not have much support. Since at present I don’t have a better solution, I stick with ‘tenarmed’, but consider it quite dubious.

That arká-sāti means ‘winning of the (sun’s) rays’ is strongly suggested by sū́ryasya sātaú in the next vs. (5d), though, as Oldenberg points out (ZDMG 55.327), it could in addition mean ‘winning of the chants’.

I don’t understand pāda d, but I would point out that another “insatiable Śuṣṇa” passage also has a mention of mealtime: IV.16.12 kútsāya śúṣṇam aśúṣaṃ ní barhīḥ, prapitvé áhnaḥ kúyavaṃ sahásrā “For Kutsa you laid low insatiable Śuṣṇa, who brings bad harvest, with his thousands, before the day’s first meal.” Perhaps the point is that despite his voraciousness, Śuṣṇa is deprived of his meal by Indra’s timely blow. In that case the subj. of arirecīt … prá here is Indra, who leaves nothing for Śuṣṇa.

There, Indra, while the light was won, the Panis f1ed, ’neath a hundred blows, for wise Dasoni,
And greedy Susna’s magical devices nor left he any of their food remaining.

Durch hundert Streiche sanken da die Pani´s hin für den zehnarmigen Kavi im Kampf um die Sonne, o Indra; durch deine Streiche sanken die Blendwerke des gefräßigen Susna. Nicht zog er irgend etwas der Speise vor.

Durch hundert Hiebe stürzten da die Diebe, o Indra, und des bösen Çuschna Listen, Als sich Daçoni Glück erwarb, der Sänger, nichts übertraf da dieses Trankes Kräfte.

От сотен (ударов) полегли там Пани, о Индра,
Ради десятирукого мудреца при завоевании солнца.
От (твоих) смертельных ударов (разлетелись) колдовские чары прожорливого Шушны.
Из еды он не оставил (ему) ничего.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्र) देनेवाले राजन् ! आप जो (पणयः) व्यवहारों के जाननेवाले (शतैः) सौ सङ्ख्या से परिमित वा असङ्ख्य (वधैः) वधों से (अत्र) इस राजव्यवहार में (अपद्रन्) नहीं द्रवित होते हैं और (अर्कसातौ) अन्न आदि के विभाग में (दशोणये) दश न्यून जिससे उस (कवये) विद्वान् के लिये (अशुषस्य) शोषण से रहित (शुष्णस्य) बलिष्ठ की (मायाः) बुद्धियों को (पित्वः) अन्न आदि (किम्, चन) कुछ भी (न) नहीं (प्र, अरिरेचीत्) अच्छे प्रकार अलग करता है, उनका सत्कार करिये अर्थात् प्रशंसा करिये ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो धर्ममार्ग का त्याग करके उन्मार्ग में चलते हैं, उनको राजा नित्य दण्ड देवे और दो दश इन्द्रियों से अधर्म का त्याग करके धर्म का आचरण करते हैं, उन का निरन्तर सत्कार करे ॥४॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र ! त्वं ये पणयश्शतैर्वधैरत्रापद्रन्नर्कसातौ दशोणये कवये या अशुषस्य शुष्णस्य मायाः पित्वः किञ्चन न प्रारिरेचीत् ताः सत्कुर्याः ॥४॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (शतैः) शतसङ्ख्याकैरसंख्यैर्वा (अपद्रन्) अपद्रवन्ति (पणयः) व्यवहारज्ञाः (इन्द्र) अन्नदाता राजन् (अत्र) अस्मिन् राजव्यवहारे (दशोणये) दशोनयः परिहाणानि यस्मात्तस्मै (कवये) विपश्चिते (अर्कसातौ) अन्नादिविभागे। अर्क इत्यन्ननाम। (निघं०२.७) (वधैः) हननैः (शुष्णस्य) बलिष्ठस्य (अशुषस्य) शोषणरहितस्य (मायाः) प्रज्ञाः (पित्वः) अन्नादिकम् (न) (अरिरेचीत्) रिणक्ति (किम्) (चन) (प्र) ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! ये धर्मपथं विहायोत्पथं चलन्ति तान् राजा नित्यं दण्डयेत् ये च दशेन्द्रियैरधर्मं विहाय धर्ममाचरन्ति तान् सततं सत्कुर्यात् ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जे धर्म मार्गाचा त्याग करून उन्मार्गाने चालतात त्यांना राजाने नित्य दंड द्यावा. जे दहा इंद्रियांनी अधर्माचा त्याग करून धर्माचे आचरण करतात त्यांचा निरंतर सत्कार करावा. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

महो꣡ द्रुहो꣡ अ꣡प विश्वा꣡यु धायि
व꣡ज्रस्य य꣡त् प꣡तने पा꣡दि शु꣡ष्णः
उरु꣡ ष꣡ सर꣡थं सा꣡रथये कर्
इ꣡न्द्रः कु꣡त्साय सू꣡रियस्य सातउ꣡

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ápa ← ápa (invariable)
{}

dhāyi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

druháḥ ← drúh- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

maháḥ ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

viśvā́yu ← viśvā́yu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pā́di ← √pad- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:PASS}

pátane ← pátana- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}

śúṣṇaḥ ← śúṣṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vájrasya ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

kar ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sarátham ← sarátha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

sā́rathaye ← sā́rathi- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

urú ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kútsāya ← kútsa- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

sātaú ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

sū́ryasya ← sū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

म॒हः । द्रु॒हः । अप॑ । वि॒श्वऽआ॑यु । धा॒यि॒ । वज्र॑स्य । यत् । पत॑ने । पादि॑ । शुष्णः॑ ।
उ॒रु । सः । स॒ऽरथ॑म् । सार॑थये । कः॒ । इन्द्रः॑ । कुत्सा॑य । सूर्य॑स्य । सा॒तौ ॥

• maho ← mahaḥ ← mah
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• druho ← druhaḥ ← druh
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine

• apa
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• viśvāyu ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvāyu ← āyu
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “life; life; age.”

• dhāyi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• vajrasya ← vajra
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• patane ← patana
• [noun], locative, singular, neuter
• “fall; drop; spill; decline; ruin; flight; pātana; cut; spontaneous abortion; shooting; jump.”

• pādi ← pad
• [verb], singular, Aorist passive
• “fall.”

• śuṣṇaḥ ← śuṣṇa
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Śuṣṇa.”

• uru
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “wide; broad; great; uru [word]; much(a); excellent.”

• ṣa ← sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• sarathaṃ ← sa
• [adverb]
• “with; little; together.”

• sarathaṃ ← ratham ← ratha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• sārathaye ← sārathi
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “charioteer; sārathi [word].”

• kar ← kaḥ ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• kutsāya ← kutsa
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Kutsa; kutsa [word].”

• sūryasya ← sūrya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

• sātau ← sāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

यत् यदा सः शुष्णः असुरः वज्रस्य पतने पाते पादि अगच्छत् । अम्रियतेत्यर्थः । तदा महः महतः द्रुहः द्रोग्धुः शुष्णस्य संबन्धि विश्वायु सर्वगतम् । बलमिति शेषः । अप धायि अपहितमकारि। तिरस्कृतमित्यर्थः । सः इन्द्रः सारथये सारथिभूताय कुत्साय सरथं समानरथं सूर्यस्य सातौ भजने निमित्तभूते उरु विस्तीर्णं यथा भवति तथा कः अकरोत् । तथा चोक्तं - कुत्सायेन्द्रोऽसुरं शुष्णं जिघांसुः कुत्समात्मनः । सारथिं कल्पयित्वास्य शत्रुं शुष्णमहंस्ततः । कुत्सस्य रक्षां बहुलां चकारेत्यनयोच्यते’ इति ॥ ॥ ९ ॥

English translation:

“When Śuṣṇa passed away upon the falling of the thunderbolt, then the universal strength of the great oppressor was annihilated, and Indra enlarged their common car for (the use of) his charioteer Kutsa, for (the sake of) the worship of the sn.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sūryasya sātau bhāhane nimittabhūte; uru ṣa saratham kar = samānuratham vistirṇam akarot; Kuts is the reputed author of the hymns to Sūrya and Uṣas: RV. 1.113 and 115

A whole lifetime of great deception was set aside when Śuṣṇa was felled at the flying of the mace.
Sharing the same chariot, Indra made a wide way for Kutsa, the sharer of his chariot, at the winning of the sun.

For the unusual position of sá and its rukied initial (urú ṣá) see disc. ad VI.2.4.

What time the thunder fell and Susna perished, all life’s support from the great Druh was taken.
Indra made room for his car-drivcr Kutsa who sate beside him, when he gained the sunlight.

Des großen Unholdes ganze Lebenszeit war zu Ende, als im Fallen der Keule Susna hinsank. Indra machte auf gleichem Wagen seinem Wagenlenker Kutsa bei der Gewinnung der Sonne freie Bahn.

Des grosen Unholds Leben ward genommen, des Çuschna, als durch Blitzes Wurf er hinsank; Raum schaffte Indra Kutsa, dem Gefährten, auf gleichem Wagen, zu des Lichts Erlangung.

Отнят весь срок жизни у великого вредителя,
Когда Шушна повалился при падении ваджры.
Этот Индра, находясь (с ним) на одной колеснице, создал для колесничего
Кутсы широкий (простор) при завоевании солнца.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे राजन् ! आप से (वज्रस्य) शस्त्र और अस्त्र विशेष के (पतने) गिरने में जो (द्रुहः) द्रोह करनेवालों को (अप, पादि) दूर करे जिससे (महः) अत्यन्त (विश्वायु) सम्पूर्ण जीवन (धायि) धारण किया जाये और (यत्) जो (इन्द्रः) शत्रुओं का नाशक सेना का स्वामी (सारथये) वाहन चलानेवाले के लिये (सरथम्) वाहन के सहित वर्त्तमान को (सूर्यस्य) सूर्य के (सातौ) उत्तम प्रकार विभाग में (कुत्साय) वज्र के प्रहार के लिये (उरु) बहुत (कः) करे (सः) वह (शुष्णः) बलिष्ठ का सम्बन्धी सत्कार करने योग्य है ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजा को चाहिये कि द्रोह आदि दोषों का त्याग करके ब्रह्मचर्य आदि से सम्पूर्ण जनों को अधिक अवस्थावाले करके, रथ आदि सेना के अङ्गों को सूर्य के तुल्य प्रकाशित करके, सत्य और असत्य के विभाग से प्रजाओं का पालन करे ॥५॥

अन्वय: हे राजन् ! त्वया वज्रस्य पतने यो द्रुहोऽप पादि येन महो विश्वायु धायि यद्य इन्द्रः सारथये सरथं सूर्यस्य सातौ कुत्सायोरु कः स शुष्णः सत्कर्त्तव्यः ॥५॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (महः) महत् (द्रुहः) द्रोग्धॄन् (अप) (विश्वायु) सर्वं जीवनम् (धायि) (वज्रस्य) शस्त्रास्त्रविशेषस्य (यत्) (पतने) (पादि) पाद्येत (शुष्णः) बलिष्ठस्य (उरु) बहु (सः) (सरथम्) रथेन सह वर्त्तमानम् (सारथये) रथचालकाय (कः) कुर्यात् (इन्द्रः) शस्त्रविदारकसेनेशः (कुत्साय) वज्रप्रहाराय। कुत्स इति वज्रनाम। (निघं०२.२०) (सूर्य्यस्य) सवितुः (सातौ) संविभागे ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राज्ञा द्रोहादिदोषान्निवार्य ब्रह्मचर्यादिना सर्वान् चिरायुषः सम्पाद्य रथादीन् सेनाङ्गान्त्सूर्यवत् प्रकाशितान् कृत्वा सत्यासत्ययोर्विभागेन प्रजाः पालयितव्याः ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजाने द्रोह इत्यादी दोषांचा त्याग करून ब्रह्मचर्य वगैरेने संपूर्ण लोकांना दीर्घायुषी करून रथ इत्यादी सेनेच्या अंगांना सूर्याप्रमाणे तेजस्वी दीर्घायुषी करून सत्य-असत्याचे विभाजन करून प्रजेचे पालन करावे. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प्र꣡ श्येनो꣡ न꣡ मदिर꣡म् अंशु꣡म् अस्मै
शि꣡रो दास꣡स्य न꣡मुचेर् मथाय꣡न्
प्र꣡ आवन् न꣡मीं सापियं꣡ सस꣡न्तम्
पृण꣡ग् राया꣡ स꣡म् इषा꣡ सं꣡ सुअस्ति꣡

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M

Morph
aṁśúm ← aṁśú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

asmai ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

madirám ← madirá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

śyenáḥ ← śyená- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dāsásya ← dāsá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

mathāyán ← √mathⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

námuceḥ ← námuci- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

śíraḥ ← śíras- ~ śīrṣán- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

āvat ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:IPRF, voice:ACT}

námīm ← námī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

sāpyám ← sāpyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sasántam ← √sas- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

iṣā́ ← íṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

pr̥ṇák ← √pr̥c- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

rāyā́ ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

sám ← sám (invariable)
{}

sám ← sám (invariable)
{}

svastí ← svastí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

प्र । श्ये॒नः । न । म॒दि॒रम् । अं॒शुम् । अ॒स्मै॒ । शिरः॑ । दा॒सस्य॑ । नमु॑चेः । म॒था॒यन् ।
प्र । आ॒व॒त् । नमी॑म् । सा॒प्यम् । स॒सन्त॑म् । पृ॒णक् । रा॒या । सम् । इ॒षा । सम् । स्व॒स्ति ॥

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• śyeno ← śyenaḥ ← śyena
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “hawk; bird of prey; falcon; Śyena; eagle; śyena [word]; Śyena.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• madiram ← madira
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “intoxicant.”

• aṃśum ← aṃśu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “sunbeam; beam; aṃśu [word]; thread.”

• asmai ← idam
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• śiro ← śiraḥ ← śiras
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “head; top; peak; battlefront; śiras [word]; beginning; skull.”

• dāsasya ← dāsa
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “slave; Dāsa; servant; savage; Shudra.”

• namucer ← namuceḥ ← namuci
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Namuci; namuci [word].”

• mathāyan ← mathāy ← √math
• [verb noun], nominative, singular

• prāvan ← prāvat ← prāv ← √av
• [verb], singular, Imperfect
• “help; promote.”

• namīṃ ← namīm ← nami
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Nami.”

• sāpyaṃ ← sāpyam ← sāpya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Nami.”

• sasantam ← sas
• [verb noun], accusative, singular
• “sleep.”

• pṛṇag ← pṛṇak ← pṛc
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “mix; unite.”

• rāyā ← rai
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• iṣā ← iṣ
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

• saṃ ← sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• svasti
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”

श्येनः सुपर्णश्च । न इत्ययं शब्दः समुच्चये वर्तते । अस्मै इन्द्राय मदिरं मदकरम् अंशुं सोमम् । प्र इति आ इत्यस्यार्थे वर्तते । आहरत् । उपसर्गदर्शनाच्चाख्यात्मध्याह्रियते । किंचायमिन्द्रोऽपि दासस्य प्राणिनामुपक्षपयितुः नमुचेः एतन्नाम्नोऽसुरस्य शिरः शीर्षं मथायन् मन्थनं कुर्वन् साप्यं सपस्य पुत्रं ससन्तं स्वपन्तं नमीम् एतत्संज्ञकमृषिं प्रावत् प्रारक्षत् । स्वस्ति अविनाशेन राया पश्वादिधनेन इषा अन्नेन च तमृषिं सं पृणक् समयोजयत् ॥

English translation:

“And the hawk bore to Indra the exhilarating Soma, when, bruising the head of the oppressor Namuci, and protecting the slumbering Nami, the son of Sapya, he provided, for the weeell-being (of the sage), riches and food.”

Like the falcon stealing the exhilarating plant for him, he, stealing the head of the Dāsa Namuci,
helped Namī Sāpya as he slept. He imbued (him) with wealth, with
refreshment, and with well-being.

As the Hawk rent for him the stalk that gladdens, he wrenched the head from Namuci the Dasa.
He guarded Nam, Sayya’s son, in slumber, and sated him with food, success, and riches.

Indem er das Haupt des Dasa Namuci abriß wie der Falke für ihn den berauschenden Stengel entrissen hat, stand er dem schlafenden Nami Sapya bei. Er überhäufte ihn mit Reichtum, mit Wohlstand, mit Glück.

Als ihm der Adler zugeführt den Rauschtrank, riss ab das Haupt er Namutschi des Dämons, War hold dem Nami Sajia im Schlafe, erfüllte ihn mit Reichthum, Trunk und Segen.

Когда, срывая голову дасы Намучи,
Как (некогда) коршун (сорвал) для него (самого) пьянящее растение,
Он помог спящему Нами Сапья,
Он задарил его богатством, жертвенной усладой, счастьем.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• भुरिक्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर राजा को किसका निषेध करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जो राजा (मदिरम्) मादक द्रव्य और (अंशुम्) वैद्यकविद्या की रीति से विभाग किये गये का सेवन करते हुए और (नमुचेः) नहीं त्याग करनेवाले (दासस्य) सेवक के (शिरः) मस्तक को (श्येनः) बाज पक्षी (न) जैसे वैसे (प्र, मथायन्) अत्यन्त मथन करता हुआ (अस्मै) इसके लिये कठिन शिष्य को (नमीम्) नम्र (साय्यम्) कर्म के अन्त करनेवाले को (ससन्तम्) सोते हुए को करके (प्र, आवत्) रक्षा करे और (राया) धन से (स्वस्ति) सुख को (सम्, पृणक्) उत्तम प्रकार पूर्ण करता है तथा (इषा) अन्न आदि से सुख को (सम्) अच्छे प्रकार पूर्ण करता है, वह सम्राट् होने के योग्य होवे ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। राजाओं का यह उचित कर्म है कि जो मादक द्रव्य का सेवन करें उनको अत्यन्त दण्ड देके, यथायोग्य सत्कार से अप्रमादियों का सत्कार करें, वे साम्राज्य करने को योग्य होवें ॥६॥

अन्वय: यो राजा मदिरमंशुं सेवमानस्य नमुचेर्दासस्य शिरः श्येनो न प्र मथायन्नस्मै कठिनं शिष्यन्नमीं साय्यं ससन्तं कृत्वा प्राऽऽवत्। राया स्वस्ति सम्पृणगिषा स्वस्ति सम्पृणक् स सम्राड् भवितुमर्हेत् ॥६॥

पुना राज्ञा किं निषेधनीयमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (प्र) (श्येनः) (नः) इव (मदिरम्) मादकं द्रव्यम् (अंशुम्) वैद्यकविद्यारीत्या विभक्तम् (अस्मै) (शिरः) मस्तकम् (दासस्य) सेवकस्य (नमुचेः) यो नमुञ्चति तस्य (मथायन्) (प्र) (आवत्) रक्षेत् (नमीम्) नम्रम् (साय्यम्) कर्मान्तकारिणम् (ससन्तम्) शयानम् (पृणक्) पृणक्ति (राया) धनेन (सम्) (इषा) अन्नादिना (सम्) (स्वस्ति) सुखम् ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। राज्ञामिदमुचितं कर्मास्ति ये मादकद्रव्यं सेवेरँस्तान् भृशं दण्डयित्वा यथायोग्यसत्कारेणऽप्रमादिनः सत्कुर्य्युस्ते साम्राज्यं कर्तुमर्हेयुः ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. राजाचे हे कर्तव्य आहे की जे मादक द्रव्य घेतात त्यांना दंड देऊन प्रमाद न करणाऱ्या लोकांचा यथायोग्य सत्कार करावा. असे लोक साम्राज्य स्थापन करू शकतात. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - विराट्

वि꣡ पि꣡प्रोर् अ꣡हिमायस्य दॄळ्हाः꣡+
पु꣡रो वज्रिञ् छ꣡वसा न꣡ दर्दः
सु꣡दामन् त꣡द् रे꣡क्णो अप्रमृष्य꣡म्
ऋजि꣡श्वने दात्रं꣡ दाशु꣡षे दाः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
áhimāyasya ← áhimāya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

dr̥ḷhā́ḥ ← √dr̥h- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

píproḥ ← pípru- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

ví ← ví (invariable)
{}

dardar ← √dr̥- ~ dr̥̄- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

púraḥ ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

śávasā ← śávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

vajrin ← vajrín- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

apramr̥ṣyám ← apramr̥ṣyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

rékṇaḥ ← rékṇas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

súdāman ← sudāman- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tát ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dāḥ ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

dāśúṣe ← dāśváṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

dātrám ← dātrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

r̥jíśvane ← r̥jíśvan- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

वि । पिप्रोः॑ । अहि॑ऽमायस्य । दृ॒ळ्हाः । पुरः॑ । व॒ज्रि॒न् । शव॑सा । न । द॒र्द॒रिति॑ दर्दः ।
सुऽदा॑मन् । तत् । रेक्णः॑ । अ॒प्र॒ऽमृ॒ष्यम् । ऋ॒जिश्व॑ने । दा॒त्रम् । दा॒शुषे॑ । दाः॒ ॥

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• pipror ← piproḥ ← pipru
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Pipru.”

• ahimāyasya ← ahi
• [noun], masculine
• “snake; lead; nāga; Nāga; ahi [word]; Vṛtra.”

• ahimāyasya ← māyasya ← māyā
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “magic trick; Māyā; deception; illusion; māyā [word]; disguise; trick.”

• dṛﾱhāḥ ← dṛḍha
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”

• puro ← puraḥ ← pur
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• vajriñchavasā ← vajrin
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”

• vajriñchavasā ← śavasā ← śavas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “strength; power; superiority.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• dardaḥ ← dardar ← √dṛ
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “cleave.”

• sudāman ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sudāman ← dāman
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “wreath; dāman; dāman [word]; shackle; girdle; fetter.”

• tad ← tat ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• rekṇo ← rekṇaḥ ← rekṇas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “property; wealth; bequest; inheritance.”

• apramṛṣyam ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• apramṛṣyam ← pramṛṣyam ← pramṛṣ ← √mṛṣ
• [verb noun], accusative, singular

• ṛjiśvane ← ṛjiśvan
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Ṛjiśvan.”

• dātraṃ ← dātram ← dātra
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “sickle; gift; scythe.”

• dāśuṣe ← dāś
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “sacrifice; give.”

• dāḥ ← dā
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

हे वज्रिन् वज्रवन्निन्द्र त्वम् अहिमायस्य आहन्त्र्यो माया यस्य पिप्रोः एतन्नाम्नोऽसुरस्य संबन्धिनीः दृळ्हाः दृढानि पुरः प्राकारादीनि दुर्गाणि शवसा बलेन वि दर्दः विदारितवानसि । न इति पादपूरणः । त्वं पिप्रोर्नृमणः प्रारुज: पुरः ’ (ऋ. सं. १. ५१. ५); ‘शतं पूर्भिरायसीभिर्नि पाहि’ (ऋ. सं. ७. ३. ७ ) इति दर्शनात् । अपि च हे सुदामन् शोभनदानेन्द्र त्वं दात्रं हविर्लक्षणं धनं दाशुषे दत्तवते ऋजिश्वने एतन्नामकाय राजर्षये अप्रमृष्यं केनाप्यबाध्यं तत् तस्य स्वभूतं रेक्णः धनं दाः अदाः दत्तवानसि ॥

English translation:

“You have scatered by force, wielder of the thunderbolt, the strong cities of the deadly-deluding Pipru; you have given, bountiful Indra, uninjurable wealh to rijiṣvat, the donor of sacrificial gifts.”

You split open the fortified strongholds of Pipru, who had the tricks of a snake, o mace-bearer, as if with swelling strength.
O generous giver, you gave that legacy not to be spurned as a gift to the pious R̥jiśvan.

Thou, thunder-armed, with thy great might hast shattered Pipru’s strong forts who knew the wiles of serpents.
Thou gavest to thy worshipper Rjisvan imperishable Wealth, O Bounteous Giver.

Die festen Burgen des Pipru, der sich in einen Drachen verwandelte, hast du Keulenträger wie mit Gewalt zersprengt. Du reichlich Schenkender hast dieses unvergeßliche Besitztum dem opferspendenden Rijisvan als Geschenk gegeben.

Des schlangelist’gen Pipru feste Burgen zerbrachst du, o gewalt’ger Blitzesträger; Vielgebender, du gabst zum Lohn dem frommen Ridschiçvan diesen Schatz, der unvertilgbar.

Прочные крепости Пипру, обладающего змеиной силой превращений,
Ты разнес словно мощью (своей), о громовержец.
Очень щедрый, это незабываемое наследство
Ты дал как дар почтившему (тебя) Риджишвану.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

फिर राजा क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (वज्रिन्) शस्त्र और अस्त्रों को धारण करनेवाले (सुदामन्) उत्तम प्रकार से दाता राजन् ! आप (अहिमायस्य) मेघ का ढाँप लेना जैसे वैसे कपटता जिसकी उस (पिप्रोः) व्यापक की (दृळ्हाः) दृढ़ (पुरः) नगरियों को (शवसा) बल से (न) नहीं (वि, दर्दः) विशेष नष्ट कीजिये और जो (अप्रमृष्यम्) नहीं सहने योग्य (दात्रम्) दान को (ऋजिश्वने) सरलता आदि गुणों के बढ़ानेवाले (दाशुषे) दान देने योग्य पुरुष के लिये (दाः) दीजिये (तत्) उस (रेक्णः) धनदान को हम लोगों के लिये भी दीजिये ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजा को चाहिये कि छल आदि का त्याग कर और अपने नगरों को दृढ़ करके कभी छेदन न करे और सुपात्र के लिये दान दे और कुपात्र का तिरस्कार करे ॥७॥

अन्वय: हे वज्रिन्त्सुदामन् राजँस्त्वमहिमायस्य पिप्रोर्दृळ्हाः पुरः शवसा न वि दर्दः। यदप्रमृष्यं दात्रमृजिश्वने दाशुषे दास्तद्रेक्णोऽस्मभ्यमपि देहि ॥७॥

पुना राजा किं कुर्यादित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वि) (पिप्रोः) व्यापकस्य (अहिमायस्य) अहेर्मेघस्य मायाच्छादनमिव कापट्यं यस्य तस्य (दृळ्हाः) (पुरः) नगरीः (वज्रिन्) शस्त्रास्त्रभृत् (शवसा) बलेन (न) निषेधे (दर्दः) विदारयेः (सुदामन्) सुष्ठु दातः (तत्) (रेक्णः) धनम् (अप्रमृष्यम्) अप्रसह्यम् (ऋजिश्वने) ऋज्वादिगुणवर्धकाय (दात्रम्) दानम् (दाशुषे) दातुं योग्याय (दाः) देहि ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राज्ञा छलादिकं विहाय स्वकीयानि नगराणि दृढानि निर्माय कदाचिच्छेदनं नैव कार्यं सुपात्राय दानं देयं कुपात्रश्च तिरस्करणीयः ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजाने छळ इत्यादीचा त्याग करावा. आपल्या नगरांना दृढ करावे. त्यांचा नाश कधी करू नये. सुपात्रांना दान देऊन कुपात्राचा तिरस्कार करावा. ॥ ७ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स꣡ वेतसुं꣡ द꣡शमायं द꣡शोणिं
तू꣡तुजिम् इ꣡न्द्रः सुअभिष्टि꣡सुम्नः
आ꣡ तु꣡ग्रं श꣡श्वद् इ꣡भं द्यो꣡तनाय
मातु꣡र् न꣡ सीम् उ꣡प सृजा इय꣡ध्यै

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dáśamāyam ← dáśamāya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dáśoṇim ← dáśoṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vetasúm ← vetasú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

índraḥ ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svabhiṣṭísumnaḥ ← svabhiṣṭísumna- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tū́tujim ← tū́tuji- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)
{}

dyótanāya ← dyótana- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

íbham ← íbha- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śáśvat ← śáśvant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

túgram ← túgra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

iyádhyai ← √yā- 2 (root)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

mātúḥ ← mātár- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:F, number:SG}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

sīm ← sīm (invariable)
{}

sr̥jai ← √sr̥j- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

úpa ← úpa (invariable)
{}

सः । वे॒त॒सुम् । दश॑ऽमायम् । दश॑ऽओणिम् । तूतु॑जिम् । इन्द्रः॑ । स्व॒भि॒ष्टिऽसु॑म्नः ।
आ । तुग्र॑म् । शश्व॑त् । इभ॑म् । द्योत॑नाय । मा॒तुः । न । सी॒म् । उप॑ । सृ॒ज॒ । इ॒यध्यै॑ ॥

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• vetasuṃ ← vetasum ← vetasu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• daśamāyaṃ ← daśa ← daśan
• [noun]
• “ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

• daśamāyaṃ ← māyam ← māyā
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “magic trick; Māyā; deception; illusion; māyā [word]; disguise; trick.”

• daśoṇiṃ ← daśoṇim ← daśoṇi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• tūtujim ← tūtuji
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “exciting; avid; eager.”

• indraḥ ← indra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• svabhiṣṭisumnaḥ ← svabhiṣṭi
• [noun]

• svabhiṣṭisumnaḥ ← sumnaḥ ← sumna
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “favor; benevolence; sumna [word]; entreaty; favor.”

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• tugraṃ ← tugram ← tugra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Tugra; tugra [word].”

• śaśvad ← śaśvat
• [adverb]
• “always; repeatedly; continually; wholly.”

• ibhaṃ ← ibham ← ibha
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “elephant.”

• dyotanāya ← dyotana
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine

• mātur ← mātuḥ ← mātṛ
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sīm
• [adverb]

• upa
• [adverb]
• “towards; on; next.”

• sṛjā ← sṛjai ← sṛj
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “create; shoot; discharge; free; cause; throw; emit; send; produce; use; be born; make.”

• iyadhyai ← i
• [verb noun]
• “go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

स्वभिष्टिसुम्नः सुष्ठु अभ्येषणीयान्यभिगम्यानि सुम्नानि सुखानि येन देयानि सः इन्द्रः दशमायं बहुवञ्चनं वेतसुं वेतसुनामानमसुरं दशोणिम् एतन्नामकं च तूतुजिं तूतुजिनामकं च आ अपि च तुग्रं तुग्रनामकमसुरं तथा इभम् एतन्नामकमसुरं च इयध्यै एतुं द्योतनाय एतत्संज्ञाय राज्ञे शश्वत् उप सृज उपासृजत् । वशीचकार । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । मातुर्न मातुर्जनन्या इव पुत्रम् । यथा मात्रे पुत्रो वशीभवति तद्वत् वशं चकारेत्यर्थः । सीम् इति पादपूरणः ॥

English translation:

“Indra, the granter of wished-for felicity, compelled the many-fraudulent Etaśa and Dasoṇi, Tūtuji, Tugra and Ibha, always to come submissively to (the rājā) Dyotana, as a son (comes before a mother).”

Indra showed the favor of his dominance to Vetasu of the ten tricks and ten arms and to the thrusting (Tuji), (saying,)
“Tugra as perpetual vassal for brilliant (Vetasu) shall I dispatch, like (calves) to their mother, to go (to him).”

This vs. is made difficult both by our very sketchy knowledge of the personnel and the myth and by the syntax. Both Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.328-29) and Geldner (n.

8. devote considerable space to disc. of it. The vs. seems to pun on PNs in a way discouragingly similar to VII.18, the very obscure account of the Ten Kings battle.

The nearby vs. VI.26.4 is of some help in the interpr. of this one, as is X.49.4.

My approach to the vs. partly follows Geldner’s, but differs in several important ways. Like Geldner (who adopted it from Baunack; see his n. 8), I supply a verb of speaking to introduce the second hemistich, which we both take as the direct speech of Indra. (By contrast Oldenberg construes úpa sṛjā in d as the verb governing the acc. in ab, but given the distribution of the rest of the elements in the vs., esp. the preverb ā́ opening pāda c, this seems unlikely.) But rather than taking the acc. PNs in ab as the addressees of this speech as Geldner does, I construe them (loosely) with the hapax bahuvrīhi svabhiṣṭí-sumnaḥ ‘having/showing the favor of his dominance’, with Vetasu [=Kutsa?] and Tuji as the recipient of this favor. The intens. adj. tū́tuji- ‘thrusting’, found elsewhere modifying a whirlwind (bhṛ́mi- IV.32.2) and a chariot (X.35.6), punningly points to Tuji, who is found in nearby VI.26.4 in the company of Vetasu and Tugra, as here. (In that vs. there is also redupl., but it is located on the verb: tváṃ tújim … tūtoḥ “you strengthened Tuji.”) In that vs. Indra strikes down Tugra for Vetasu (VI.26.4c tváṃ túgraṃ vetasáve sácāhan). I think the same situation is depicted here in cd, though less violently, with Vetasu(-Kutsa) referred to by the adj. dyótana- ‘brilliant, flashing’ expressing a dat. of benefit. In this connection Baunack’s adducing (see Geldner’s n. 8c) of I.63.3 kutsā́ya dyumaté “for heaven-bright Kutsa,” another dat. of benefit in the Śuṣṇa myth, is apposite. Geldner (also Grassmann, Mayr PN) takes dyótanāya as a PN, but no such person Dyotana is found elsewhere, and in its other two occurrences (I.123.4, VIII.29.2) the stem is an adj. with the expected etymological meaning.

The next question is íbham. This is pretty much universally interp. as a PN, referring to another enemy of Indra. This is in part based on X.49.4, where Tugra and one Smadibha are made subject to Kutsa (and the Vetasus [pl.] and Tuji are also found). Oldenberg, for ex., considers Ibha here simply a shortening of Smadibha, and the context of the word in our pāda certainly supports a pun on the latter name: (ā́ túgraṃ śá)śvad íbham …; cf. X.49.4 (túgraṃ kútsāya) smádibham, with the last syllable of the adverb śáśvad a close match for the 1st syllable of the PN in X.49.4 (if it is indeed a PN). But íbha- is elsewhere in the RV a common noun meaning ‘retinue’ or ‘vassal’ (the common denominator being the inferior position vis-à-vis someone in power); cf. also the MIA evidence, such as Pāli ibbha. And ‘vassal’ would be an appropriate word for someone made subject to another – hence my tr. of the phrase śáśvad íbham as “perpetual vassal,” referring to Tugra.

Finally, we must deal with the verbal expressions at the end of the vs., úpa śṛjā iyádhyai. The first question is what form sṛjā represents out of sandhi. The Pp.

reads sṛja, that is, a 2nd sg. act. impv., with lengthening of the final vowel in the Saṃhitā text. But of course in that case the normal outcome in sandhi should be coalescence into *sṛjeyádhyai. After some agonizing, Oldenberg accepts the Pp interpr.

(though he also flirts with a 2nd sg. subj. sṛjāḥ), but Geldner (n. 8) opts instead for Baunack’s suggestion, that the underlying form is sṛjai, i.e., a 1st sg. middle subjunctive (so also Lubotsky, though with !). This is the interpr. I have also adopted.

Although the 6th cl. pres. sṛja- is predominately active, there are a few middle forms; the pf. is about evenly divided between active and middle forms in transitive usage (including several 1st pl. sasṛjmáhe with úpa), and there are two 1st sg. s-aor. forms ásṛkṣi with úpa in trans. usage. Taking the form as a 1st sg. also entails the directspeech interpr. of Baunack/Geldner (It’s worth noting as an aside that Sāyaṇa. simply glosses upa sṛja with upāsṛjat, apparently untroubled by matters of sandhi and grammatical identity; this was followed by Grassmann [Tr.], though unmentioned in the Wö.) As Oldenberg points out (ZDMG 55.328), the lexeme úpa √sṛj is often used of releasing / dispatching calves to their mother, and this must account for the simile mātúr ná. Although this idiom is generally benevolent, it also emphasizes the hierarchical dependency of the young on their mother, and this would be appropriate for the vassal Tugra’s subordinate position with regard to Kutsa.

I take the inf. iyádhyai to √i ‘go’, or more particularly to the stem ī́yate ‘speeds’ (√i or √yā), rather than to √yā ‘implore, beg’ with Lubotsky It simply completes the action of the main verb “release/depatch them to go …” The preverb ā́beginning the 2nd hemistich is more likely to go with this inf. than with úpa srjai (pace Grassmann, also Geldner, who thinks [n. 8c] it could go with either one), simply because we’d otherwise expect the order úpa+ā́(cf. VIII.27.11 úpa … ā́m̐, ásṛkṣi …).

After all this, the alterations of the published translation would be minimal: “Indra showed the favor of his dominance to Vetasu [=Kutsa?] of the ten tricks and ten arms and to the thrusting (Tuji), (saying) ‘Tugra as perpetual vassal for brilliant (Vetasu=Kutsa?) shall I dispatch, like (calves) to their mother, to speed (to him).’”

The crafty Vetasu, the swift Dasni, and Tugra speedily with all his servants,
Hath Indra, gladdening with strong assistance, forced near as ’twere to glorify the Mother.

Zu Vetasu mit zehn Listen, mit zehn Armen, dem Angreifer sprach Indra, dessen Gunst Überlegenheit gibt: “Den Tugra, den Ibha will ich dem Dyotana zutreiben, daß er immer wieder zu ihm komme wie das Kalb zum Euter der Mutter”.

Den sehr gewandten Vetasu, den schnellen Daçoni und mit allen Dienern Tugra, Dem Djotana entsandt’ sie Indra hülfreich, wie aus der Mutter Schooss zu ihm zu kommen.

К Ветасу с десятью колдовскими силами, десятирукому
Захватчику (обратился) Индра, чья милость дает превосходство:
Тугру, Ибху я хочу подогнать к Дьотане,
Чтобы он постоянно возвращался к нему, как (теленок) к матери.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर राजा क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे राजन् ! जो (स्वभिष्टिसुम्नः) उत्तम प्रकार अभीष्ट सुखवाले (इन्द्रः) अत्यन्त ऐश्वर्ययुक्त राजा (सः) वह आप (द्योतनाय) प्रकाश के लिये (वेतसुम्) व्यापनशील (दशमायम्) दश अङ्गुलियों के तुल्य प्रमाण जिसका उस (दशोणिम्) दश प्रकार से परित्याग जिसका और (तूतुजिम्) बल से युक्त (तुग्रम्) ग्रहण करनेवाले (इभम्) हाथी को (इयध्यै) प्राप्त होने के लिये (मातुः) माता से (नः) जैसे वैसे (सीम्) सब ओर से (शश्वत्) निरन्तर (आ, उप, सृजा) समीप प्रकट कीजिये ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - वही राजा धनवान् होवे कि जो दश इन्द्रियों से उत्तम कर्म और विज्ञान को बढ़ा के अभीष्ट सुख की निरन्तर उन्नति करे और माता के सदृश प्रजाओं का पालन करे ॥८॥

अन्वय: हे राजन् ! यः स्वभिष्टुसुम्न इन्द्रस्स त्वं द्योतनाय वेतसुं दशमायं दशोणिं तूतुजिं तुग्रमिभमियध्यै मातुर्न सीं शश्वदोप सृजा ॥८॥

पुना राज्ञा किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (वेतसुम्) व्यापनशीलम् (दशमायम्) दशाङ्गुलय इव माया मानं यस्य तम् (दशोणिम्) दशधोणिः परिहाणं यस्य तम् (तूतुजिम्) बलवन्तम् (इन्द्रः) परमैश्वर्यो राजा (स्वभिष्टिसुम्नः) सुष्ठु अभिष्टि सुम्नं सुखं यस्य यस्माद्वा (आ) (तुग्रम्) आदातारम् (शश्वत्) निरन्तरम् (इभम्) हस्तिनमिव (द्योतनाय) प्रकाशनाय (मातुः) जनन्याः (न) इव (सीम्) सर्वतः (उप) (सृजा) अत्र द्व्यचोऽतस्तिङ इति दीर्घः। (इयध्यै) एतुं प्राप्तुम् ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - स एव राजा श्रीमान् भवेद्यो दशोन्द्रियैरुत्तमं कर्मविज्ञानं वर्धयित्वाऽभीष्टसुखं सततमुन्नयेन् मातृवत्प्रजाः पालयेत् ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो दहा इंद्रियांनी उत्तम कर्म व विज्ञान वाढवून अभीष्ट सुख निरंतर वर्धित करतो व मातेप्रमाणे प्रजेचे पालन करतो तोच राजा श्रीमंत होतो. ॥ ८ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

स꣡ ईं स्पृ꣡धो वनते अ꣡प्रतीतो
बि꣡भ्रद् व꣡ज्रं वृत्रह꣡णं ग꣡भस्तौ
ति꣡ष्ठद् ध꣡री अ꣡धि अ꣡स्तेव ग꣡र्ते
वचोयु꣡जा वहत इ꣡न्द्रम् ऋष्व꣡म्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ápratītaḥ ← ápratīta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

īm ← īm (invariable)
{}

sáḥ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

spŕ̥dhaḥ ← spŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

vanate ← √vanⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

bíbhrat ← √bhr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gábhastau ← gábhasti- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vájram ← vájra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥traháṇam ← vr̥trahán- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)
{}

ástā ← ástar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

gárte ← gárta- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

hárī ← hári- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

iva ← iva (invariable)
{}

tíṣṭhat ← √sthā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

índram ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

r̥ṣvám ← r̥ṣvá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vacoyújā ← vacoyúj- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

vahataḥ ← √vah- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

सः । ई॒म् । स्पृधः॑ । व॒न॒ते॒ । अप्र॑तिऽइतः । बिभ्र॑त् । वज्र॑म् । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहन॑म् । गभ॑स्तौ ।
तिष्ठ॑त् । हरी॒ इति॑ । अधि॑ । अस्ता॑ऽइव । गर्ते॑ । व॒चः॒ऽयुजा॑ । व॒ह॒तः॒ । इन्द्र॑म् । ऋ॒ष्वम् ॥

• sa ← saḥ ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• īṃ ← īm ← īṃ
• [adverb]

• spṛdho ← spṛdhaḥ ← spṛdh
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “rival; enemy.”

• vanate ← van
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “obtain; gain; desire; get; like; love; overcome.”

• apratīto ← apratītaḥ ← apratīta
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “irresistible.”

• bibhrad ← bibhrat ← bhṛ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• vajraṃ ← vajram ← vajra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

• vṛtrahaṇaṃ ← vṛtra
• [noun], masculine
• “Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

• vṛtrahaṇaṃ ← haṇam ← han
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

• gabhastau ← gabhasti
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “beam; hand; sun.”

• tiṣṭhaddharī ← tiṣṭhat ← sthā
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• tiṣṭhaddharī ← harī ← hari
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

• adhy ← adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• asteva ← astā ← astṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “archer; shot.”

• asteva ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• garte ← garta
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine

• vacoyujā ← vacaḥ ← vacas
• [noun], neuter
• “statement; command; speech; words; advice; word; voice.”

• vacoyujā ← yujā ← yuj
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine
• “amalgamated; harnessed.”

• vahata ← vahataḥ ← vah
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• indram ← indra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• ṛṣvam ← ṛṣva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “distinguished; high; noble; enormous.”

गभस्तौ हस्ते वृत्रहणं वृत्राणां शत्रूणां हन्तारं वज्रं स्वकीयमायुधं बिभ्रत् धारयन् अप्रतीतः शत्रुभिरप्रतिगतः सः इन्द्रः स्पृधः स्पर्धमानान् ईम् इमान् वृत्रप्रभृतीन शत्रून् वनते हन्ति । हरी स्वकीयावश्वौ अधि तिष्ठत् आरोहति । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । अस्तेव गर्ते । यथा क्षेप्ता शूरो रथेऽधितिष्ठति तद्वत् । तथा वचोयुजा वचोमात्रेण युज्यमानौ । यद्वा । स्तोतॄणां स्तुतिभिर्युज्यमानौ तौ हरी च ऋष्वं महान्तम् इन्द्रं वहतः ॥

English translation:

“Bearing in his hand the foe-destroyig thunderbolt, Indra, unresisted, demolishing those his adversaries; he mounts his two-horse (car), as a warrior (ascends) his chariot; harnessed at a word, his steeds, convey the migty Indra.”

Unopposable, he will vanquish the contenders, bearing his
Vr̥tra-smashing mace in his fist.
He mounts his two fallow bays, like an archer upon his chariot seat; those yoked by speech convey lofty Indra.

The participial phrase bíbhrad vájram here and in VI.23.1 below may be intended to invoke the name bharád-vāja-, the poet of this hymn and indeed of this maṇḍala, by an expression that seems the syntactic equivalent of that type of governing compound — with the prior member belonging to the same root and the 2nd member a phonological variant of the obj. Matching the first member exactly would be problematic, since the nom. sg. of the participle would be bháran. The punning on PNs noted with regard to the immediately preceding vs. may be in evidence here as well.n

Resistless, with the hosts he battles, bearing in both his arms the Vrtra-slaying thunder.
He mounts his Bays, as the car-seat an archer: yoked at a word they bear the lofty Indra.

Er überwindet unwiderstehlich die Gegner, der die vritratötende Keule in der Hand trägt. Er besteigt die Hari´s wie ein Schütze den Schützenstand. Die auf bloßes Wort Geschirrten fahren den hohen Indra.

Er überwindet unbesiegt die Gegner, und hält im Arm den Blitz, der Feinde tödtet, Besteigt die Füchse, wie der Held den Streitsitz; sie fahren Indra, wortgeschirrt den hohen.

Это он побеждает соперников, не имея равных,
(Тот,) кто несет в руке ваджру, убивающую врагов.
Он садится на пару буланых коней, как стрелок (поднимается) на свое место.
(Кони,) запрягаемые словом, везут огромного Индру.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) वह प्रताप से युक्त राजा (वृत्रहणम्) जिससे मेघ का नाश करता है उस (वज्रम्) वज्र को (गभस्तौ) किरण में सूर्य जैसे (बिभ्रत्) धारण करता हुआ (अप्रतीतः) शत्रुओं से नहीं जाना गया (स्पृधः) स्पर्द्धा करते हैं जिनमें उनका और (ईम्) जल का (वनते) सेवन करता है और (हरी) घोड़े जैसे धारण और आकर्षण को, वैसे वा (अस्तेव) प्रेरणा करनेवाला सारथि जैसे वैसे (गर्ते) गृह में (अधि, तिष्ठत्) स्थित होता है, वैसे आप जो (वचोयुजा) वचन से युक्त करते वे दोनों (ऋष्वम्) बड़े (इन्द्रम्) बिजुली के सदृश राजा को (वहतः) पहुँचाते हैं, उनको वाहनों में युक्त करिये ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजा सदा ही अपने विचार को छिपावे, जब कार्य सिद्ध होवे तभी लोग प्रकट जानें और शस्त्रों को धारण कर सेनाओं को उत्तम प्रकार शिक्षा देकर बड़े ऐश्वर्य को प्राप्त होवे ॥९॥

अन्वय: स इन्द्रो वृत्रहणं वज्रं गभस्तौ सूर्य इव बिभ्रदप्रतीतः स्पृध ईं वनते हरी अस्तेव गर्तेऽधि तिष्ठत् तथा त्वं यौ वचोयुजा ऋष्वमिन्द्रं वहतस्तौ यानेषु युङ्क्ष्व ॥९॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सः) (ईम्) जलम् (स्पृधः) स्पर्द्धन्ते येषु तान् (वनते) सम्भजति (अप्रतीतः) शत्रुभिरज्ञातः (बिभ्रत्) धरन् (वज्रम्) (वृत्रहणम्) येन वृत्रं हन्ति तत् (गभस्तौ) किरणे (तिष्ठत्) तिष्ठति (हरी) अश्वाविव धारणाकर्षणे (अधि) (अस्तेव) प्रेरकः सारथिरिव (गर्ते) गृहे। गर्त इति गृहनाम। (निघं०३.४) (वचोयुजा) यौ वचसा युङ्क्तस्तौ (वहतः) (इन्द्रम्) विद्युतमिव राजानम् (ऋष्वम्) महान्तम् ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजा सदैव स्वमन्त्रं गोपयेद् यदा कार्यं सिद्ध्येत् तदैव जना प्रसिद्धं जानीयुः शस्त्राणि धृत्वा सेनाः सुशिक्ष्य महदैश्वर्यं प्राप्नुयात् ॥९॥

भावार्थभाषाः - राजाने आपले विचार सदैव गुप्त ठेवावेत. जेव्हा कार्य पूर्ण होईल तेव्हाच लोकांसमोर प्रकट करावे. शस्त्रे-अस्त्रे बाळगून सेनेला उत्तम शिक्षित करून खूप ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त करावे. ॥ ९ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

सने꣡म ते अ꣡वसा न꣡व्य इन्द्र
प्र꣡ पूर꣡व स्तवन्त एना꣡ यज्ञइः꣡
सप्त꣡ य꣡त् पु꣡रः श꣡र्म शा꣡रदीर् द꣡र्द्
ध꣡न् दा᳐꣡सीः पुरुकु꣡त्साय शि꣡क्षन्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M

Morph
ávasā ← ávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

návyaḥ ← návyas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

sanéma ← √sanⁱ- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

enā́ ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

pūrávaḥ ← pūrú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

stavante ← √stu- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

yajñaíḥ ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

dárt ← √dr̥- ~ dr̥̄- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

púraḥ ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

saptá ← saptá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śā́radīḥ ← śā́rada- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

śárma ← śárman- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dā́sīḥ ← dā́sī- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

hán ← √han- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

purukútsāya ← purukútsa- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

śíkṣan ← √śak- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT, mood:DES}

स॒नेम॑ । ते॒ । अव॑सा । नव्यः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । प्र । पू॒रवः॑ । स्त॒व॒न्ते॒ । ए॒ना । य॒ज्ञैः ।
स॒प्त । यत् । पुरः॑ । शर्म॑ । शार॑दीः । दर्त् । हन् । दासीः॑ । पु॒रु॒ऽकुत्सा॑य । शिक्ष॑न् ॥

• sanema ← san
• [verb], plural, Aorist optative
• “win; get; gain.”

• te ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• ‘vasā ← avasā ← avas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “aid; favor; protection.”

• navya ← navyaḥ ← navyas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “new.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• pūrava ← pūravaḥ ← pūru
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Pūru; Pūru.”

• stavanta ← stavante ← stu
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “laud; praise; declare; stu.”

• enā
• [adverb]
• “thus.”

• yajñaiḥ ← yajña
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• sapta ← saptan
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “seven; seventh.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• puraḥ ← pur
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”

• śarma ← śarman
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”

• śāradīr ← śāradīḥ ← śārada
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “autumnal; śārada [word]; autumn(a).”

• dard ← dart ← dṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “burst; burst.”

• dhan ← han
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

• dāsīḥ ← dāsa
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “dāsa(a).”

• purukutsāya ← purukutsa
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Purukutsa.”

• śikṣan ← śikṣ
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “help; give.”

हे इन्द्र ते त्वदीयेन अवसा रक्षणेन नव्यः नवीयः नवतरं त्वया दीयमानं धनं सनेम वयं स्तोतारो भजेमहि । पूरवः मनुष्याः स्तोतारः एना अनेन स्तोत्रेण युक्तैः यज्ञैः प्र स्तवन्ते त्वां स्तुवन्ति । यत् यस्मात् कारणात् दासीः कर्मणामुपक्षपयित्रीः शत्रुप्रजाः हन् घ्नन् हिंसन् पुरुकुत्साय एतन्नामकाय राज्ञे शिक्षन् धनानि प्रयच्छन् हे इन्द्र त्वं शारदीः शरन्नाम्नोऽसुरस्य संबन्धिनीः सप्त सप्तसंख्याकाः पुरः पुरीः शर्म शर्मणा वज्रेण दर्त् विदारितवानसि तस्मात् कारणात् त्वां स्तोतारः स्तुवन्तीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“(Favoured) by your proection, Indra, we solicit new (wealth); by this adoration men glorify you at sacrifices, for that you have shattered with your bolt the seven cities of Śarat, killing the opponents (of sacred rites), killing the opponents (of sacred rites), and giving (their spoils) to Purukutsa.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Men: puravaḥ = manuṣyaḥ;

Śarat = name of an asura

Might we win anew through your help, Indra. The Pūrus start up the praise with this (hymn) along with sacrifices.
When he split the seven autumnal strongholds, their shelter, he smote the Dāsa (clans), doing his best for Purukutsa.

In b enā́can simply be adverbial, as Geldner and Hoffmann (Injunk. 168) take it, but it is also regularly used as demonstrative with forms like námasā ‘homage’ (I.171.1, II.23.14, etc.), sūkténa ‘hymn’ (II.6.2), bráhmaṇā (IV.36.7), and in this context, where the sacrifice is mentioned (yajñaíḥ), I think it likely that the verbal part of the ritual evidenced by the verb prá … stavante “they start up the praise” is further specified with the near deictic, referring to this current praise hymn.

The syntactic relationship between pādas c and d is ambiguous. With Geldner, I take d as the main cl., with c dependent on it. But Hoffmann (Injunk. 168) takes them as parallel subordinate clauses dependent on b. Either is possible, because the verb of d, (d)hán, is initial in the pāda and can owe its accent to that alone.

Note the allit. in (śā́ra)dīr dárd, dhán dā́s(īḥ), esp. noticeable because it consists of four syllables in a row, belonging to four separate words.

Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.329-30 and Noten) calls dart in c into question, arguing that it should be a 2nd ps. and the -t is faulty. But there seems no reason not to assume that both dart and (d)han are 3rd ps. verbs; although Indra is referred to in the 2nd ps. in pāda a, shift between the persons is a commonplace in RVic discourse. The sandhi situation here favors the retention of the -t, though the matter is somewhat complex.

As is generally known, final clusters are simplified, retaining only the first. The exception is that -t, -ṭ, and -k after -r- are retained if they belong to the root (Wh, Grassmann

§150b Macdonell VGS §28a, etc.) – which the -t in dar-t does not (√dṛ). However, dart is pāda-final and the next pāda begins in the transmitted text with dhán (for hán), whose dh is the automatic result of the (re-)introduction of occlusion of initial hafter a final stop (see, e.g., Wh, Grassmann §163). The standard practice is that the h- is replaced by the voiced aspirate corresponding to the place of articulartion of the final stop – in this case, a dental. If we assume that this rule was operative before final clusters were simplified, a sequence of 3rd sg. dard dhán with apparently pleonastic(=redundant) gemination would favor the non-simplification of the cluster -rd dh-. (On cases of gemination and degemination in the text, see my “False Segmentations and Resegmentations in the Rigveda: Gemination and Degemination” [to appear in a forthcoming Fs.].) Pāda c is identical to I.174.2b, and in that passage the case is more difficult because there the context is entirely 2nd ps. As I argued in the comm. to that vs. (q.v.), the final -t there may have been introduced from our passage.

May we, O Indra, gain by thy new favour: so Parus laud thee, with their sacrifices,
That thou hast wrecked seven autumn forts, their shelter, slain Dasa tribes and aided Purukutsa.

Wir möchten mit deinem Beistand aufs neue gewinnen, Indra. Darum stimmen die Puru´s mit Opfern dein Lob an. Als er die herbstlichen Burgen, ihre Zuflucht, brach, da erschlug er die dasischen Stämme, um dem Purukutsa einen Dienst zu leisten.

Mög’, Indra, deine Huld uns neues schenken, es preisen dich mit Opfern hier die Menschen, Weil du des Herbstes sieben Burgen brachest, Dämonen schlugst, dem Purukutsa helfend.

Мы хотим снова захватывать с твоей помощью, о Индра!
Поэтому люди Пуру прославляют тебя жертвами.
Когда ты разбил семь осенних крепостей, (их) убежище,
Ты поубивал (племена) дасов, оказывая милость Пурукутсе.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर मनुष्य क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्र) अत्यन्त ऐश्वर्य और सुख के देनेवाले ! (ते) आपके (अवसा) रक्षण आदि से हम लोग (सप्त) सात (पुरः) नगरियों का (सनेम) विभाग करें और जैसे (पूरवः) मनुष्य (एना) इस (अवसा) रक्षण आदि से और (यज्ञैः) श्रेष्ठ व्यवहाररूप यज्ञों से (स्तवन्ते) स्तुति करते हैं इससे (नव्यः) नवीनों में हुए आप उनसे स्तुति करिये और (यत्) जो (शर्म) गृह और (शारदीः) शरत्काल में हुई (दासीः) सेविकाओं को प्राप्त होके (पुरुकुत्साय) बहुत शस्त्रवाले के लिये (शिक्षन्) शिक्षा देता हुआ दुःखों को (प्र, दर्त्) नष्ट करता है और शत्रुओं को (हन्) मारता है, वह सब से सत्कार करने योग्य है ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे राजा विनय से वर्त्तमान है, वैसे ही सब वर्त्तमान होवें और पुरुषार्थ से सुन्दर पुरों का निर्माण करके उन सब ऋतुओं में सुख देनेवालों में निवास करते हुए दुःखों को दूर फेंकें ॥१०॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र ! तेऽवसा वयं सप्त पुरः सनेम यथा पूरव एनाऽवसा यज्ञैः स्तवन्ते तेन नव्यस्त्वं तैः स्तुहि यद्यः शर्म शारदीर्दासीः प्राप्य पुरुकुत्साय शिक्षन् सन् दुःखानि प्र दर्त्, शत्रून् हन्त्स सर्वैः सत्कर्तव्यः ॥१०॥

पुनर्मनुष्याः किं कुर्य्युरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सनेम) विभजेम (ते) तव (अवसा) रक्षणादिना (नव्यः) नवीनेषु भवः (इन्द्र) परमैश्वर्यसुखप्रद (प्र) (पूरवः) मनुष्याः (स्तवन्ते) (एना) एनेन (यज्ञैः) सद्व्यवहारमयैः (सप्त) (यत्) यः (पुरः) नगरीः (शर्म) गृहम् (शारदीः) शरदि भवाः (दर्त्) विदृणाति (हन्) हन्ति (दासीः) सेविकाः (पुरुकुत्साय) बहुशस्त्राय (शिक्षन्) ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यथा राजा विनयेन वर्तते तथैव सर्वे वर्त्तन्ताम्, पुरुषार्थेन सुन्दराणि पुराणि च निर्माय तेषु सर्वर्त्तु सुप्रखदेषु निवसन्तो दुःखानि दूरे प्रक्षिपन्तु ॥१०॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जसा राजा विनयी असतो तसेच सर्वांनी व्हावे. पुरुषार्थाने नगरांची निर्मिती करून सर्व ऋतूंत सुख देणाऱ्या गृहात निवास करून दुःख दूर करावे. ॥ १० ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

तुवं꣡ वृध꣡ इन्दर+ पूर्वियो꣡ भूर्
वरिवस्य꣡न्न् उश꣡ने काविया꣡य
प꣡रा न꣡ववास्तुवम् अनुदे꣡यम्
महे꣡ पित्रे꣡ ददाथ स्वं꣡ न꣡पातम्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
bhūḥ ← √bhū- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

pūrvyáḥ ← pūrvyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

vr̥dháḥ ← vr̥dhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

kāvyā́ya ← kāvyá- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

uśáne ← uśánā- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

varivasyán ← √varivasy- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

anudéyam ← anudéya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

návavāstvam ← návavāstva- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

párā ← párā (invariable)
{}

dadātha ← √dā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

mahé ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

nápātam ← nápat- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

pitré ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

svám ← svá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

त्वम् । वृ॒धः । इ॒न्द्र॒ । पू॒र्व्यः । भूः॒ । व॒रि॒व॒स्यन् । उ॒शने॑ । का॒व्याय॑ ।
परा॑ । नव॑ऽवास्त्वम् । अ॒नु॒ऽदेय॑म् । म॒हे । पि॒त्रे । द॒दा॒थ॒ । स्वम् । नपा॑तम् ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• vṛdha ← vṛdhaḥ ← vṛdha
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “increasing; promotive.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• pūrvyo ← pūrvyaḥ ← pūrvya
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”

• bhūr ← bhūḥ ← bhū
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

• varivasyann ← varivasyan ← varivasy
• [verb noun], nominative, singular

• uśane ← uśanas
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “Uśanas; Uśanas; uśanas [word]; Uśanas; Venus.”

• kāvyāya ← kāvya
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”

• parā
• [adverb]
• “away.”

• navavāstvam ← navavāstva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• anudeyam ← anudā ← √dā
• [verb noun], accusative, singular

• mahe ← mah
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

• pitre ← pitṛ
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• dadātha ← dada ← dā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

• dadātha ← atha
• [adverb]
• “now; then; furthermore; now; then.”

• svaṃ ← svam ← sva
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

• napātam ← napāt
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “grandson; nephew; napāt [word].”

हे इन्द्र पूर्व्यः पुरातनः त्वं काव्याय कविपुत्राय उशने उशनसे भार्गवाय वरिवस्यन् धनमिच्छन् वृधः भूः स्तोतॄणां वर्धको भवसि । अनुदेयम् अनुदातव्यं धनं नववास्त्वम् एतन्नामकमसुरं पराहत्य स्वं स्वकीयमौशनसं नपातं युद्धे शत्रुभिर्गृहीतं पुत्रं महे महते पित्रे पालयितव्याय उशनसे परा ददाथ । तस्य शत्रुं हत्वा प्रकर्षेण दत्तवानसि ॥

English translation:

“Desirous of opulence, you, Indra, have been an ancient benefactor of Uśanas, the son of Kavi; having slain Navavāstva, you have given back his own grandson, who was (fit) to be restored o the grandfather.”

You, Indra, became the first strengthener. Making wide space for Uśanā Kāvya,
(to him as?) grandfather you handed over Navavāstu, who was to be delivered up, as his own grandson.

Pāda c contains one of the three instances of the gerundive anudéya- in the RV and the only masc. form – a form called by Geldner “ganz unsicher.” This gerundive belongs to the lexeme ánu √dā ‘hand over, concede’ discussed above, ad vs. 2. I have discussed one of the fem. forms anudéyī in the difficult hymn X.135 at length (“The Earliest Evidence for the Inborn Debts of a Brahmin: A New Interpretation of Ṛgveda X.135.” Journal asiatique 302.2 [2014]: 245-57). In that article I established that the idiom ánu √dā can be further narrowed in certain contexts to mean ‘forgive/acquit a debt’; and the debt in question can be referred to with the gerund anudéya-, -ī, as (the debt) ‘to be acquited’. In X.135.5-6 this debt is actually a reference to the inborn debts of a Brahman, which he must pay off during his lifetime, one of which is the need to provide his ancestors with (grand)sons. As argued in that article (255-56), I think the same sense can be seen in our passage. To cite from the article: “The second half of this verse seems to allude to a complex intergenerational relationship in which Indra intervenes. The god hands over a grandson (nápāt-) to his grandfather (mahé pitré), a transaction that sounds like a man’s fulfillment of his debt to his ancestors by fathering a son, thereby providing them with a grandson. This grandson is said to be anudéya-. I would suggest that the grandson here serves as the concrete manifestation of the debt that is to be acquitted, and the technical term anudéya- is therefore applied to him. If I am correct, this is another, though more muted, piece of evidence for the existence of the notion of a man’s inborn debt in the Rig Veda.”

Favouring Usana the son of Kavi, thou wast his ancient strengthener, O Indra.
Thou gavest Navavastva. as a present, to the great father gavest back his grandson.

Du, Indra; warst der allererste der Förderer, als du dem Usanas Kavya einen Ausweg suchtest. Du hast ihm den mitzugebenden Navavastva überlassen, dem Großvater seinen eigenen Enkel.

Du, Indra, bist von Alters her der Helfer, der Raum du schafftest Uçana dem Kavjer, Als du den eignen Sohn dem grossen Vater, den Navavastva als Geschenk zurückgabst.

Ты был первым помощником, о Индра,
Когда создавал простор для Ушанаса Кавьи.
Нававаству, которого нужно было оставить (?),
Ты передал (ему), деду – его собственного внука.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर राजा क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्रः) विद्या और ऐश्वर्य से युक्त (पूर्व्यः) प्राचीन से किये गये विद्वान् (त्वम्) आप (वृधः) वृद्धि करनेवालों की (वरिवस्यन्) सेवा करते हुए (उशने) कामना करते हुए (काव्याय) विद्वानों से उत्तम प्रकार शिक्षित के लिये दाता (भूः) हूजिये (स्वम्) अपने (नपातम्) पतन से रहित (अनुदेयम्) पश्चात् देने योग्य (नववास्त्वम्) नवीन निवास को (महे) बड़े (पित्रे) पालन करनेवाले के लिये (ददाथ) दीजिये और नहीं (परा) पीछे लीजिये अर्थात् न लौटाइये ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो राजा सब का यथायोग्य सत्कार करता है, वह पिता के तुल्य होता है ॥११॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र ! पूर्व्यस्त्वं वृधो वरिवस्यन्नुशने काव्याय दाता भूः स्वं नपातमनुदेयं नववास्त्वं महे पित्रे ददाथ न पराऽऽददाथ ॥११॥

पुना राजा किं कुर्यादित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वम्) (वृधः) वर्धकान् (इन्द्र) विद्यैश्वर्ययुक्त (पूर्व्यः) पूर्वैः कृतो विद्वान् (भूः) भवेः (वरिवस्यन्) सेवमानः (उशने) कामयमानाय (काव्याय) कविभिः सुशिक्षिताय (परा) (नववास्त्वम्) नवीनं निवासम् (अनुदेयम्) अनुदातुं योग्यम् (महे) महते (पित्रे) पालकाय (ददाथ) देहि (स्वम्) स्वकीयम् (नपातम्) पातरहितम् ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - यो राजा सर्वेषां यथायोग्यं सत्कारं करोति स पितृवद् भवति ॥११॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो राजा सर्वांचा यथायोग्य सत्कार करतो तो पित्याप्रमाणे असतो. ॥ ११ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

तुवं꣡ धु꣡निर् इन्दर+ धु꣡निमतीर्
ऋणो꣡र् अपः꣡ · सीरा꣡ न꣡ स्र꣡वन्तीः
प्र꣡ य꣡त् समुद्र꣡म् अ꣡ति शूर प꣡र्षि
पार꣡या तुर्व꣡शं य꣡दुं सुअस्ति꣡

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
dhúniḥ ← dhúni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dhúnimatīḥ ← dhúnimant- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}

apáḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)
{}

r̥ṇóḥ ← √r̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sīrā́ḥ ← sīrā́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

srávantīḥ ← √sru- (root)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

áti ← áti (invariable)
{}

párṣi ← √pr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, voice:ACT}

prá ← prá (invariable)
{}

samudrám ← samudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śūra ← śū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

pāráya ← √pr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

svastí ← svastí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

turváśam ← turváśa- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

yádum ← yádu- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

त्वम् । धुनिः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । धुनि॑ऽमतीः । ऋ॒णोः । अ॒पः । सी॒राः । न । स्रव॑न्तीः ।
प्र । यत् । स॒मु॒द्रम् । अति॑ । शू॒र॒ । पर्षि॑ । पा॒रय॑ । तु॒र्वश॑म् । यदु॑म् । स्व॒स्ति ॥

• tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
• [noun], nominative, singular
• “you.”

• dhunir ← dhuniḥ ← dhuni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “deafening; boisterous; noisy.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• dhunimatīr ← dhunimatīḥ ← dhunimat
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine

• ṛṇor ← ṛṇoḥ ← ṛch
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”

• apaḥ ← ap
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• sīrā ← sīrāḥ ← sīrā
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “stream.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• sravantīḥ ← sru
• [verb noun], accusative, plural
• “discharge; issue; run; filter; discharge; liquefy; ejaculate; fail; disappear; leak; fester.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• samudram ← samudra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

• ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• śūra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

• parṣi ← pṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “protect; promote; rescue; help.”

• pārayā ← pāraya ← pāray ← √pṛ
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “rescue; keep alive; satisfy; save; resist; endure.”

• turvaśaṃ ← turvaśam ← turvaśa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine

• yaduṃ ← yadum ← yadu
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Yadu; Yadu.”

• svasti
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”

हे इन्द्र धुनिः शत्रूणां कम्पयिता त्वं धुनिमतीः धुनिर्नामासुरो यासु निरोधकतया विद्यते ताः अपः उदकानि सीरा न नदीरिव स्रवन्तीः प्रवहन्तीः ऋणोः अगमयः । धुनिं हत्वा तेन निरोधितान्युदकानि प्रवाहयतीत्यर्थः । हे शूर वीरेन्द्र यत् यदा समुद्रम् अति अतिक्रम्य प्र पर्षि प्रतीर्णो भवसि तदा समुद्रपारे तिष्ठन्तौ तुर्वशं यदुं च स्वस्ति क्षेमेण पारय अपारयः । समुद्रमतारयः ॥

English translation:

“You, Indra, who make (your enemies) tremble, have caused the waters, detained by Dhuni, to flow like rushing rivers; so, hero, when, having crossed the ocean, you have reached the shore, you have brought over in safety Turvaśa and Yadu.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Samudram atipraparṣi = samudram atikramya pratirṇo bhavasi = when you are crossed, having traversed the ocean, you have brought across Turvaśa and Yadu, both standing on the future shore, samudrapāre tiṣṭhantau apārayaḥ

You, the tumultuous one, Indra, set the tumultuous waters in motion, flowing like streams.
When you will cross the sea, o hero, make Turvaśa and Yadu cross to well-being.

This is identical to I.174.9; see comm. on that vs., esp. with regard to párṣi.

Thou, roaring Indra, drovest on the waters that made a roaring sound like rushing rivers,
What time, O Hero, o’er the sea thou broughtest, in safety broughtest Turvasa and Yadu.

Du, Indra, der Tosende, setztest die tosenden Gewässer in Bewegung, die strömen, wie die Flüsse gewöhnt sind. Wenn du über das Meer fahren kannst, o Held, so fahre den Turvasa und Yadu heil hinüber !

Die brausenden Gewässer liessest rauschend du, Indra, rinnen, die wie Ströme flossen; Wie du zum Meer, o Held, hindurch sie leitest, so führ zum Heile Turvaça und Jadu.

Ты, возмутитель, о Индра, возмущенные
Воды выпустил течь, словно мчащиеся реки.
Если ты пересекаешь океан, о герой,
Переправь благополучно Турвашу и Яду!

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• पङ्क्तिः
• पञ्चमः

फिर वह क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्र) सब के पालन करनेवाले (धुनिः) शत्रुओं के कम्पानेवाले (त्वम्) आप (धुनिमतीः) शब्द करती हुई प्रजायें (सीराः) नाडियाँ तथा (अपः) जल और (स्रवन्तीः) नदियाँ (समुद्रम्) समुद्र वा अन्तरिक्ष को (न) जैसे (स्वस्ति) सुख को (ऋणोः) प्रसिद्ध कीजिये और हे (शूर) वीर ! (यत्) जो आप (तुर्वशम्) शीघ्र वश को प्राप्त होनेवाले (यदुम्) यत्नशील मनुष्य का (प्र, अति पर्षि) प्रसिद्ध अत्यन्त पालन करते हो, वह आप हम लोगों को (पारया) दुःख से पार कीजिये ॥१२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। हे राजन् ! आप मङ्गल और सुख के देनेवाले शब्दों से युक्त और आनन्दित प्रजाओं को करें, जैसे नदियाँ समुद्र को प्राप्त होकर स्थिर होती हैं, वैसे प्रजायें आपको प्राप्त होकर निश्चल होवें, ऐसा करिये ॥१२॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र ! धुनिस्त्वं धुनिमतीः सीरा अपः स्रवन्तीः समुद्रं न स्वस्त्यृणोः। हे शूर ! यद् यस्त्वं तुर्वशं यदुं प्रति पर्षि स त्वमस्मान् पारया ॥१२॥

पुनाः स किं कुर्यादित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वम्) (धुनिः) शत्रूणां कम्पकः (इन्द्र) सर्वपालक (धुनिमतीः) शब्दायमानाः प्रजाः (ऋणोः) प्रसाध्नुयाः (अपः) जलानि (सीराः) नाड्यः (न) इव (स्रवन्तीः) नद्यः (प्र) (यत्) यः (समुद्रम्) सागरमन्तरिक्षं वा (अति) (शूर) (पर्षि) पालयसि (पारया) दुःखात् परं देशं गमय (तुर्वशम्) सद्यो वशगमनम् (यदुम्) यत्नशीलं मनुष्यम् (स्वस्ति) सुखम् ॥१२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः। हे राजंस्त्वं मङ्गलसुखशब्दयुक्ता आनन्दिताः प्रजाः कुर्या यथा नद्यः समुद्रं प्राप्य स्थिरा भवन्ति तथा प्रजा भवन्तं प्राप्य निश्चलाः स्युरेवं कुर्याः ॥१२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. हे राजा ! तू कल्याणकारक, सुखदायक शब्दांनी युक्त होऊन प्रजेला आनंदित कर व जशा नद्या समुद्राला मिळतात व स्थिर होतात तशी प्रजा तुला प्राप्त करून निश्चल राहावी असा प्रयत्न कर. ॥ १२ ॥

• देवता - इन्द्रः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

त꣡व ह त्य꣡द् इन्दर+ वि꣡श्वम् आजउ꣡
सस्तो꣡ धु꣡नीचु꣡मुरी या꣡ ह सि꣡ष्वप्
दीद꣡यद् इ꣡त् तु꣡भ्य° सो꣡मेभिः सुन्व꣡न्
दभी꣡तिर् इध्म꣡भृतिः पक्थि꣡ अर्कइः꣡

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ājaú ← ājí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ha ← ha (invariable)
{}

indra ← índra- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}

tyát ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

víśvam ← víśva- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

dhúnīcúmurī ← dhúnīcúmuri- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:DU}

ha ← ha (invariable)
{}

sastáḥ ← √sas- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

síṣvap ← √svap- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

yā́ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:DU}

dīdáyat ← √dī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ít ← ít (invariable)
{}

sómebhiḥ ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

sunván ← √su- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

túbhyam ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

arkaíḥ ← arká- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

dabhī́tiḥ ← dabhī́ti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

idhmábhr̥tiḥ ← idhmábhr̥ti- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pakthī́ ← pakthín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

तव॑ । ह॒ । त्यत् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । विश्व॑म् । आ॒जौ । स॒स्तः । धुनी॒चुमु॑री॒ इति॑ । या । ह॒ । सिस्व॑प् ।
दी॒दय॑त् । इत् । तुभ्य॑म् । सोमे॑भिः । सु॒न्वन् । द॒भीतिः॑ । इ॒ध्मऽभृ॑तिः । प॒क्थी । अ॒र्कैः ॥

• tava ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, singular
• “you.”

• ha
• [adverb]
• “indeed; ha [word].”

• tyad ← tya
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “that.”

• indra
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

• viśvam ← viśva
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• ājau ← āji
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “battle; fight; contest; āji [word]; combat.”

• sasto ← sastaḥ ← sas
• [verb], dual, Present indikative
• “sleep.”

• dhunīcumurī ← dhunī
• [noun], feminine
• “river.”

• dhunīcumurī ← cumurī ← cumuri
• [noun], nominative, dual, masculine

• yā ← yad
• [noun], accusative, dual, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ha
• [adverb]
• “indeed; ha [word].”

• siṣvap ← svap
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “sleep; numb; fall asleep.”

• dīdayad ← dīdayat ← dīdī
• [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
• “shine; glitter.”

• it ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• tubhyaṃ ← tubhyam ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• somebhiḥ ← soma
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• sunvan ← su
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “press out; su.”

• dabhītir ← dabhītiḥ ← dabhīti
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Dabhīti.”

• idhmabhṛtiḥ ← idhma
• [noun], masculine
• “fuel.”

• idhmabhṛtiḥ ← bhṛtiḥ ← bhṛti
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “rental; support; wage.”

• pakthy ← pakthī ← pakthin
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine

• arkaiḥ ← arka
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sun; copper; Surya; hymn; twelve; fire; beam.”

हे इन्द्र आजौ संग्रामे तव ह तवैव विश्वं व्याप्तं त्यत् तादृशं कर्म भवति । कीदृशमिति तदुच्यते । या यौ धुनीचुमुरी । धुनिश्च चुमुरिश्चेत्येतन्नामकावसुरौ । सिष्वप् त्वमस्वापयः तावसुरौ सन्तः संग्रामे सुप्तवन्तौ । मृतावित्यर्थः ॥ भूतार्थे व्यत्ययेन लट् । द्वितीयो हशब्दः पादपूरणः ॥ तदनन्तरं हे इन्द्र तुभ्यं त्वदर्थं सुन्वन् सोमानभिषुण्वन् पक्थी पक्थवान् हवींषि पक्ववान् इध्मभृतिः इध्मानां भर्ता आहर्ता वा दभीतिः नाम राजर्षिः सोमेभिः सोमैः अर्कैः हविर्लक्षणैरन्नैः दीदयदित् दीप्यत एव । धुनिं चुमुरिं तस्मै जघन्थेत्यर्थः । त्वं नि दस्युं चुमुरिं धुनिं च ’ ( ऋ. सं. ७. १९. ४ ) इति हि दर्शनात् ॥ ॥ १० ॥

English translation:

“All this, Indra, has been your work in war; you have put to sleep, (in depth), the slumbering Dhunī and Cumurī; and thereupon Dabhīti, pouring the libation, preparing the oblation, and supplying the fuel, has glorified you with Soma offerings.”

Everything in the contest is yours, Indra. Dhuni and Cumuri sleep, whom you put to sleep.
Just he will shine: Dabhīti who presses for you with the soma juices, who brings the firewood and the cooked food, along with the chants.

Dabhīti is the beneficiary of Indra’s putting Cumuri to sleep in VI.26.6.

Cumuri’s companion Dhuni is found with him in VI.18.8, and in our passage he immediately follows vs. 12, which contains two adj. usages of dhúni- ‘tumultuous, boisterous’.

The second hemistich portrays Dabhīti assembling or preparing four different requisites of the sacrifice in four different morphosyntactic expressions: 1) a full participial phrase sómebhiḥ sunván “pressing with the soma juices,” 2) a bahuvrīhi idhmábhṛtiḥ lit. ‘having the bringing of the firewood’, 3) an -ín-stem possessive pakthī́‘having cooked food’ (based on an unattested *pakthá- ‘cooked food’), and 4) an instr. of accompaniment arkaíḥ “along with the chants.” The identity of the third has been called into question by Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.330, Noten). Though the sandhi form pakthy is analyzed by the Pp. as pakthī́with the long vowel appropriate to the nom. sg. of an -ín-stem, in fact in the cadence it would better be read short (though keep in mind the metrical disturbances throughout the hymn). Oldenberg toys with the idea that it has been influenced by the PN pakthá- and that it is underlyingly an instr. to the -ti-stem paktí- ‘cooked food’, hence *paktī́with shortening before the following vowel. This seems unnecessarily complex, and the PN pakthá- is neither well attested nor found nearby this passage. Since shortening of -ī́in hiatus was available for the instr., I see no reason why it shouldn’t have been analogically extended to the nom. of an -ín-stem in this case. Moreover, I think the morphosyntactic variety just described was deliberate, and replacing 3) with an instr. like that of 4) would disturb the sequence.

This Indra, was thy work in war: thou sentest Dhuni and Cumuri to sleep and slumber.
Dabhiti lit the flame for thee, and worshipped with fuel, hymns, poured Soma, dressed oblations.

Dir Indra, gehörte das alles im Kampfe. Dhuni und Cumuri schlummern, die du eingeschläfert hast. Dabhiti. Der für dich kelterte, strahlte von Soma und Preisgesängen, Brennholz zutragend und Opferspeisen kochend.

Dies ganze Werk ist, Indra, dein im Kampfe; Dhuni und Tschumuri, durch dich sind sie entschlafen; Da glänzte dir mit Liedern, Somatränken Dabhiti pressend, Brennholz schichtend, kochend.

Ведь все это, о Индра, в борьбе принадлежит тебе.
Спят Дхуни и Чумури, которых ты усыпил.
Светится от соков сомы и гимнов Дабхити,
Выжимавший, носивший дрова, варивший для тебя.

• इन्द्र:
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• स्वराट्पङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर वह क्या करे, इस विषय को कहते हैं

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (इन्द्र) सुख के धारण करनेवाले (तव) आपके (या) जो (धुनीचुमुरी) शब्द और भोग (आजौ) संग्राम में (विश्वम्) सम्पूर्ण का पालन करते हैं ओर जो (सस्तः) शयन करता हुआ (ह) निश्चय से (सिष्वप्) सोता हुआ (दीदयत्) प्रकाश करता है और जो (दभीतिः) हिंसा करने और (इध्मभृतिः) काष्ठ का धारण करनेवाला (पक्थी) पाचक (अर्कैः) अन्नों से और (सोमेभिः) ऐश्वर्य और ओषधि आदिकों से (सुन्वन्) उत्पन्न करता हुआ (तुभ्यम्) आपके लिये (इत्) ही सुख को देवे (त्यत्) उसको (ह) निश्चय से और उन सबों को सदा सत्कार करिये ॥१३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजन् ! आप बहुत बोलनेवाले, भोक्ता, वीर जनों का सत्कार करके सेनाओं को प्रबल करिये ॥१३॥ इस सूक्त में इन्द्र, विद्वान्, राजा और प्रजा के गुणवर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह बीसवाँ सूक्त और दशवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे इन्द्र ! तव या धुनीचुमुरी आजौ विश्वं पालयतो यः सस्तो ह सिष्वब्दीदयद्यो दभीतिरिध्मभृतिः पक्थ्यर्कैः सोमेभिः सुन्वँस्तुभ्यमित् सुखं प्रयच्छेत्त्यद्ध तान्त्सर्वान्त्सदा सत्कुर्याः ॥१३॥

पुनः स किं कुर्यादित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तव) (ह) किल (त्यत्) तत् (इन्द्र) सुखधर्तः (विश्वम्) समग्रम् (आजौ) सङ्ग्रामे (सस्तः) श्यानः (धुनीचुमुरी) ध्वनिः शब्दश्चुमुरिर्भोगश्च तौ (या) यौ (ह) (सिष्वप्) स्वपन् (दीदयत्) प्रकाशयति (इत्) एव (तुभ्यम्) (सोमेभिः) ऐश्वर्यौषध्यादिभिः (सुन्वन्) निष्पादयन् (दभीतिः) हिंसकः (इध्मभृतिः) इध्मानां धारकः (पक्थी) पाचकः (अर्कैः) अन्नैः ॥१३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजँस्त्वं वावदूकान् भोक्तॄन् वीराञ्जनान् सत्कृत्य सेनाः प्रबलाः कुर्याः ॥१३॥ अत्रेन्द्रविद्वद्राजप्रजागुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति विंशतितमं सूक्तं दशमो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे राजा ! वाक्पटू, भोक्ते, वीर लोक यांचा सत्कार करून सेना प्रबल कर. ॥ १३ ॥