०१०

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

पुरो᳓ वो मन्द्रं᳓ दिवियं᳓ सुवृक्ति᳓म्
प्रयति᳓ यज्ञे᳓ अग्नि᳓म् अध्वरे᳓ दधिध्वम्
पुर᳓ उक्थे᳓भिः स᳓ हि᳓ नो विभा᳓वा
सुअध्वरा᳓ करति जात᳓वेदाः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
divyám ← divyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

mandrám ← mandrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

purás ← purás (invariable)

suvr̥ktím ← suvr̥ktí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

adhvaré ← adhvará- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

agním ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

dadhidhvam ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

prayatí ← √i- 1 (root)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yajñé ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

hí ← hí (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

purás ← purás (invariable)

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ukthébhiḥ ← ukthá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

vibhā́vā ← vibhā́van- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

jātávedāḥ ← jātávedas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

karati ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

svadhvarā́ ← svadhvará- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

पु॒रः । वः॒ । म॒न्द्रम् । दि॒व्यम् । सु॒ऽवृ॒क्तिम् । प्र॒ऽय॒ति । य॒ज्ञे । अ॒ग्निम् । अ॒ध्व॒रे । द॒धि॒ध्व॒म् ।
पु॒रः । उ॒क्थेभिः॑ । सः । हि । नः॒ । वि॒भाऽवा॑ । सु॒ऽअ॒ध्व॒रा । क॒र॒ति॒ । जा॒तऽवे॑दाः ॥

• puro ← puras
• [adverb]
• “ahead; puras [word]; easterly; eastward; east; earlier.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “you.”

• mandraṃ ← mandram ← mandra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “pleasant; eloquent; dulcet.”

• divyaṃ ← divyam ← divya
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “divine; celestial; divine; heavenly; divine; beautiful; rain; agreeable.”

• suvṛktim ← suvṛkti
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “glorious.”

• prayati ← pre ← √i
• [verb noun], locative, singular
• “die; proceed; advance; continue; begin; depart.”

• yajñe ← yajña
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• agnim ← agni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• adhvare ← adhvara
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”

• dadhidhvam ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Perfect imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• pura ← puras
• [adverb]
• “ahead; puras [word]; easterly; eastward; east; earlier.”

• ukthebhiḥ ← uktha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• hi
• [adverb]
• “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• vibhāvā ← vibhāvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “illuminating; shining.”

• svadhvarā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svadhvarā ← adhvarā ← adhvara
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”

• karati ← kṛ
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• jātavedāḥ ← jātavedas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Agni; fire.”

हे ऋत्विग्यजमानाः वः यूयं मन्द्रं मोदनं स्तुत्यं वा दिव्यं दिवि भवं सुवृक्तिं सुष्ठु दोषैर्वर्जितं सुखेनावर्जनीयं वा एवंगुणम् अग्निं प्रयति प्रगच्छति प्रवर्तमाने अध्वरे रक्षःप्रभृतिभिरहिंस्ये हिंसाप्रत्यवायरहिते वास्मिन् यज्ञे पुरः दधिध्वं पुरस्तादाहवनीयरूपेण धारयत । यद्वा । पुरोधसं कुरुत । उक्थेभिः स्तुतशस्त्रैश्च पुरः दधिध्वम् । विभावा विशेषेण दीप्यमानः जातवेदाः जातानां वेदिता सः अग्निः हि यस्मात् नः अस्मान् स्वध्वरा शोभनयागान् करति करोति तस्मात् पुरो दधिध्वमित्यन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“plural ce before you at the progressive, uninterrupted sacrifice, the divine, adorable, perfect Agni, with prayers; for he, the resplendent jātavedas, makes us prosperous in sacred rites.”

Set in front your gladdening, heavenly Agni, (who receives) well-twisted (hymns), while the sacrifice, the ceremony is proceeding.
(Set him) in front with solemn words, for he is far-radiant for us. As Jātavedas (he) will perform good ceremonies.

In the lexeme puró √dhā, puráḥ serves as a pseudo-preverb; the phrase shows extreme distraction (pseudo-tmesis) here, with puráḥ initial in the 1st hemistich and dadhidhvam final in that hemistich. The phrase is then revitalized with puráḥ opening pāda c, thus directly adjacent to its verb though across a hemistich boundary. That the opening words of pāda c, purá ukthébhiḥ belong to the clause in the first hemistich is further shown by the abrupt clause boundary and change of subject in the middle of c, clearly signalled by a typical clause-initial sequence of PRN + Wackernagel-position particles, sá hí naḥ.

Pāda b has two extra syllables. The meter could be easily fixed by deleting agním with no ill effects to sense or metrical structure. This is an old idea (see Oldenberg’s reff., ZDMG 55.298), but though harmless, it may be better to accept the text as given (see Oldenberg, Noten ad loc.).

On suvṛktí- as a secondary bahuvrīhi, meaning ‘possessing/receiving (hymns) that possess a good twist’, see comm. ad II.4.1. This interpr. as a masc. adj. is imposed by the otherwise unbroken string of acc. sg. masculines: mandráṃ divyáṃ suvṛktím … agním. In the comm. ad II.4.1 I suggest that it can also have the primary bahuvrīhi meaning ‘having a good twist’, referring to Agni’s curls of smoke and flame. This would also be possible as an alternative or secondary reading here.

I take adhvaré as part of the loc. absol. prayatí yajñé, contra Geldner (Renou seems to ignore the second loc.) Nothing much rides on either choice.

INSTALL at sacrifice, while the rite advances, your pleasant, heavenly Agni, meet for praises.
With hymns-for he illumines us-install him. He, Jatavedas, makes our rites successful.

Bestellet euch den erfreuenden, himmlischen, schöngepriesenen Agni zum Vorsitzer bei dem Gottesdienst, wenn das Opfer vor sich geht, bestellet ihn mit Lobreden, denn er ist unser Erleuchter! Jatavedas möge den Gottesdienst gut besorgen.

Den himmlischen, den lieben reinen Agni setzt vor beim Fest euch, bei des Opfers Fortgang, Voran bei Sprüchen, denn er ist uns leuchtend; der Wesenkenner wirket schöne Opfer.

Веселого небесного восхваляемого прекрасными гимнами
Агни поставьте впереди себя, во время обряда, когда происходит жертвоприношение,
Впереди вместе с восхваляемыми: ведь он наш осветитель!
Пусть устроит Джатаведас прекрасные обряды!

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! आप लोग (वः) आप लोगों के (प्रयति) प्रयत्न से साध्य (अध्वरे) अहिंसनीय (यज्ञे) सङ्गतिस्वरूप यज्ञ में (उक्थेभिः) कहने के योग्यों से (पुरः) प्रथम (मन्द्रम्) आनन्द देनेवाले वा प्रशंसनीय (दिव्यम्) शुद्ध (सुवृक्तिम्) उत्तम प्रकार चलते हैं जिससे उस (अग्निम्) विद्युदादिस्वरूप अग्नि को (दधिध्वम्) धारण करिये और जो (हि) निश्चय करके (विभावा) विशेष करके प्रकाशक (जातवेदाः) प्रकट हुओं को जाननेवाला (नः) हम लोगों को (पुरः) प्रथम (स्वध्वरा) उत्तम प्रकार अहिंसा आदि धर्मों से युक्त (करति) करे (सः) वही हम लोगों से सत्कार करने योग्य है ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे यज्ञ करनेवाले यज्ञ में अग्नि को प्रथम उत्तम प्रकार स्थापित करके उस अग्नि में आहुति देकर संसार का उपकार करते हैं, वैसे ही आत्मा के आगे परमात्मा को संस्थापित करके वहाँ मन आदि का हवन करके और प्रत्यक्ष करके उसके उपदेश से जगत् का उपकार करो ॥१॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यूयं वः प्रयत्यध्वरे यज्ञ उक्थेभिः पुरो मन्द्रं दिव्यं सुवृक्तिमग्निं दधिध्वं यो हि विभावा जातवेदा नोऽस्मान् पुरः स्वध्वरा करति सह्यस्माभिः सर्त्कतव्योऽस्ति ॥१॥

अथ मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पुरः) पुरस्तात् (वः) युष्माकम् (मन्द्रम्) आनन्दप्रदं प्रशंसनीयं वा (दिव्यम्) शुद्धम् (सुवृक्तिम्) सुष्ठु व्रजन्ति येन तम् (प्रयति) प्रयत्नसाध्ये (यज्ञे) सङ्गतिमये (अग्निम्) विद्युदादिस्वरूपम् (अध्वरे) अहिंसनीये (दधिध्वम्) (पुरः) पुरस्तात् (उक्थेभिः) वक्तुमर्हैः (सः) (हि) यतः (नः) अस्मान् (विभावा) विशेषेण प्रकाशकः (स्वध्वरा) सुष्ठु अहिंसादिधर्मयुक्तान् (करति) कुर्य्यात् (जातवेदाः) यो जातान् सर्वान् वेत्ति सः ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यथर्त्त्विजो यज्ञेऽग्निं पुरस्तात् संस्थाप्य तत्राहुतिं दत्त्वा जगदुपकुर्वन्ति तथैवात्मनः पुरः परमात्मानं संस्थाप्य तत्र मनआदीनि हुत्वा साक्षात्कृत्य तदुपदेशेन जगदुपकारं कुर्वन्तु ॥१॥

या सूक्तात अग्नी व विद्वानांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्व सूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो! जसे ऋत्विज यज्ञात उत्तम प्रकारे अग्नी स्थापन करून त्यात आहुती देतात व जगावर उपकार करतात तसेच आत्म्यामध्ये परमात्म्याला संस्थापित करून मन इत्यादीचे हवन करून साक्षात्कार करून त्याच्या उपदेशाने जगावर उपकार करावा. ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

त᳓म् उ द्युमः पुरुअणीक होतर्
अ᳓ग्ने अग्नि᳓भिर् म᳓नुष इधानः᳓
स्तो᳓मं य᳓म् अस्मै मम᳓तेव शूषं᳓
घृतं᳓ न᳓ शु᳓चि मत᳓यः पवन्ते

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
dyumaḥ ← dyumánt- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

hotar ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

purvaṇīka ← purvaṇīka- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

u ← u (invariable)

ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

agníbhiḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

idhānáḥ ← √idh- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:AOR, voice:MED}

mánuṣaḥ ← mánus- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

asmai ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

iva ← iva (invariable)

mamátā ← mamátā- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

stómam ← stóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

śūṣám ← śūṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yám ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ghr̥tám ← ghr̥tá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

matáyaḥ ← matí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

ná ← ná (invariable)

pavante ← √pū- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

śúci ← śúci- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

तम् । ऊं॒ इति॑ । द्यु॒ऽमः॒ । पु॒रु॒ऽअ॒नी॒क॒ । हो॒तः॒ । अग्ने॑ । अ॒ग्निऽभिः॑ । मनु॑षः । इ॒धा॒नः ।
स्तोम॑म् । यम् । अ॒स्मै॒ । म॒मता॑ऽइव । शू॒षम् । घृ॒तम् । न । शुचि॑ । म॒तयः॑ । प॒व॒न्ते॒ ॥

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• u
• [adverb]
• “ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

• dyumaḥ ← dyumas ← dyumat
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “bright; brilliant; brilliant; loud.”

• purvaṇīka
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine

• hotar ← hotṛ
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Hotṛ.”

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• agnibhir ← agnibhiḥ ← agni
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• manuṣa ← manuṣaḥ ← manus
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “Manu; man.”

• idhānaḥ ← indh
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”

• stomaṃ ← stomam ← stoma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

• yam ← yad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• asmai ← idam
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• mamateva ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• śūṣaṃ ← śūṣam ← śūṣa
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “song; energy.”

• ghṛtaṃ ← ghṛtam ← ghṛta
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “ghee; fat.”

• na
• [adverb]
• “not; like; no; na [word].”

• śuci
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “clean; clean; pure; bright; clear; honest; śuci [word]; clear; impeccant.”

• matayaḥ ← mati
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”

• pavante ← pū
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”

हे द्युमः दीप्तिमन् पुर्वणीक बहुज्वाल होतः देवानामाह्वातः अग्ने अग्निभिः तवावयवभूतैरन्यैरग्निभिः सार्धम् इधानः समिध्यमानः दीप्तः सन् मनुषः मनुष्यस्य स्तोतुः तमु तं स्तोमं श्रृण्विति शेषः । उ इति पादपूरणम् । यं स्तोमं स्तोत्रं शूषं सुखकरं घृतं न पवित्राभ्याम् उत्पूतं घृतमिव शुचि शुद्धम् अस्मै अग्नये मतयः मन्तारः स्तोतारः ममतेव । ममता नाम ब्रह्मवादिनी दीर्घतमसो माता । सेव पवन्ते पुनन्ति संस्कुर्वन्ति दोषवर्जितमुच्चारयन्तीत्यर्थः । तं स्तोममित्यन्वयः ॥

English translation:

“Brilliant, may-rayed Agni, invoker of the gods, kindled with many fires, (hear) this (praise) of men; which delightful praise, pure as the clarified butter (that has been filtered), his worshippers offer unto him as mamatā (formerly offered it).”

That—o heaven-bright Hotar of Manu, o Agni of many faces, on being kindled along with the (other) fires—
(that) praise (take to yourself) which (I chant) to him forcefully like
Mamatā [/in my me-ness]. My thoughts purify themselves like
gleaming ghee.

As was discussed in the published introduction, this hymn traffics in disappointed expectations and truncated syntax, and this vs. displays both in extreme form. The vs. begins tám u “him/it [acc. sg.] PARTICLE.” Given that the dedicand of the hymn is Agni and vs. 1 contained a long acc. phrase referring to Agni (though that vs. ended with Agni as nom. subj.), we might expect that tám = Agni, and our expectations would be supported by a little formula found in various places in the RV (see Klein, Particle u, 67-68): VIII.95.6 tám u ṣṭavāma yáḥ “let us praise him who …” VIII.96.6 tám u ṣṭuhi yáḥ “praise him who …” V.42.1 tám u ṣṭuhi yáḥ (ditto) I.173.5 tám u ṣṭuhi … yáḥ (ditto) as well as variations on it. In our vs., immediately following u there is a long interruption, consisting mostly of vocatives addressed to Agni (dyumaḥ purvaṇīka hotar, ágne), leaving the tám in syntactic suspension. But when we finally reach the end of the hemistich, we encounter a nominative participle idhānáḥ ‘being kindled’, which can only refer to Agni. This leaves the initial tám doubly unmoored: it can’t refer to Agni, as we’d thought, and it can’t be construed with idhānáḥ, which is intransitive and doesn’t take accusatives.

The resolution of one of these problems comes at the beginning of the second hemistich, which opens with the acc. stómam, which must be the referent of tám.

This is a pleasing twist on the formula just noted: the root √stu is preserved, but as a coreferential nominal, not as the verb governing the tám. There is also an element of “vertical mantra,” since the elements of the NP táṃ stómam are positioned “vertically” in identical metrical slots.

There is no resolution of the other problem, however: what governs this acc. phrase. stómam is immediately followed by the rel. prn. yám introducing a dependent clause (and reminding us of the yáḥ in the quoted formula). There is no overt governing verb in the main clause; all we know is that it should have Agni as subject, given the nom. part. idhānáḥ. Geldner, flg. Sāyaṇa. and fld. by Renou (in his tr., which reflects neither of his suggestions in the n.), supplies the impv. “hear.” This is of course nothing wrong with the sense of this (“[hear] this praise which …”), but there is also nothing in context to support it. I have supplied “take to yourself,” assuming a medial form of √dhā. There are two pieces of supporting evidence for this. It could be generated (somewhat trickily) from dadhidhvam, the impv. in the previous verse.

And — rather stronger evidence — a similar expression is found overtly in vs. 6: “you [=Agni] have taken to yourself the well-twisted (hymn)” (dadhiṣe suvṛktím), with a medial form of √dhā with Agni as subject and a praise as object. Oldenberg’s “nimm … an” (both ZDMG 55.299 and Noten) coincides with my interpr., but he does not, as far as I can see, provide a motivation for it.

What to do with the rest of the first hemistich, namely agníbhir mánuṣaḥ, is another problem. With Geldner I take mánuṣaḥ as dependent on hotar, despite the distance between them and the fact that mánuṣaḥ is accented in a voc. phrase (easily accounted for by the distance). The phrase mánuṣo hótar- is common in the RV (e.g., I.180.9, II.18.2, IV.6.11, V.5.7). The instr. agníbhiḥ must be construed with the part.

idhānáḥ, as witnessed by the identical expression in the next two hymns (VI.11.6b, 12.6b), but whether it is an instr. of accompaniment as I take it (“along with the [other] fires”), as apparently also Geldner, or a true instrument (e.g., Renou “allumé par les feux…”) isn’t certain — though I’m not sure what Renou’s “being kindled by the fires” would mean.

The relative cl. of pāda c is in no better shape than the main clause of ab. It too lacks a verb. Though there is a finite verb in pāda d, pavante, it not only lacks an accent and therefore can’t be part of the rel. cl., but it is also intrans. and cannot take yám as object. Moreover, both asmai and mamáteva present difficulties of their own.

Let us begin with asmai. It surely refers to the recipient of the praise, which just as surely must be Agni. But Agni is addressed in the extensive vocative phrase in ab, and so he must be present both as 2nd ps. addressee and 3rd ps. recipient in the same sentence. Switch of person even within a syntactic construction is of course not unusual. I have no particular answer to this example of it beyond suggesting that 1) the poet may have lost a bit of track of his referents in this syntactically truncated construction, and 2) asmai may also be serving as a near deictic, pointing to “this (Agni) here.” It is barely possible, but I think highly unlikely, that asmai refers to another ritual participant, despite Ludwig’s interpr. (see Geldner n. 2c) “für diesen Opferer.” mamáteva is presumably to be analyzed, with the Pp., as mamátā iva; the resulting mamátā is a hapax. It is generally taken as a PN (“like Mamatā”), an interpr.

whose strongest support is the vṛddhi deriv. māmateyá-, usually a metronymic of Dīrghatamas (I.147.3, 152.6, 158.6, particularly clear in the last passage), which presupposes an underlying PN of this shape. Both the -eyá- suffix of māmateyá- and the name Mamatā itself suggest that the person may be female. However, there is some direct evidence that a masc. *mamáta- is found in the Bharadvāja lineage. Cf. VI.50.15

evā́ nápāto máma tásya dhībhír / bharádvājā abhí arcanti arkaíḥ “In just this way the Bharadvājas, the descendants of me, this Mamata, chant with their insightful thoughts, with their chants,”

where máma tásya is probably a play on the PN. For disc. see Oldenberg, ZDMG 42.211-12 = KlSch 580-81, though I do not think the text needs emending. However, our mamátā is also most probably a pun, on a -tāabstract built to the gen. sg. of the 1st ps. pronoun; such a stem is attested Epic+ in the sense ‘Selbstsucht, Eigennutz’. In this reading it could be an instr. sg. of the -tā- stem, ‘with/in my me-ness,’ in addition to being a nom. ‘like Mamatā’. On these questions see now Mayr, PN 2.1.393. Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.298-99) explored the possibility of taking mamátā (or -ta) as the missing verb of the rel. cl., as did I, but both of us came up short.

It is therefore likely that another verb has to be supplied. Contextually, ‘sing, speak, chant’ vel sim., is likely, and both Geldner and Renou go in that direction, as do I.

Specifically I supply a form of √ṛc ‘chant’, which takes śūṣám as obj. on a number of occasions (I.9.10, X.96.2, 133.1); see also VI.50.15 cited just above with the locution abhí arcanti arkaíḥ. All three of us assume that the verb is 1st sg, although there is less support for that assumption, since there are no other 1st persons, sg. or pl., in the hymn. The pun “in my me-ness” that I see in mamáteva would provide some support for my “I,” but neither Geldner nor Renou so interprets mamáteva.

Hear this laud, Radiant Priest of many aspects, O Agni with the fires of man enkindled,
Laud which bards send forth pure as sacred butter, strength to this man, as ’twere for self-advantage.

Höre, du glanzreicher, vielgesichtiger Hotri des Manu, Agni, der mit den anderen Agni´s entzündet wird, auf dieses Loblied, das ich ihm wie Mamata als Ansporn vorsinge. Rein wie Schmalz klären sich meine Gedanken.

Dies Loblied auch, o heller, vielgestalt’ger, o Agni, durch des Menschen Glut entflammter, Das ich ihm spende wie aus eignem Antrieb, wie klare Butter rieseln die Gebete.

(Услышь) вот эту (хвалу), о блистающий многоликий хотар,
О Агни, зажигаемый огнями человека,
Хвалу, которую (я пою) ему, как Мамата, (эту) мощную песнь!
Мысли (мои) очищаются, словно прозрачный жир.

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (पुर्वणीक) बहुतों को संविभाग करने और (द्युमः) प्रकाशवान् (होतः) धारण करनेवाले (अग्ने) अग्नि के सदृश विद्वन् ! (मनुषः) मनुष्यों को (इधानः) प्रकाशित करते हुए आप और (मतयः) मननशील अन्य मनुष्य (ममतेव) ममता के समान (अग्निभिः) अग्नियों से (अस्मै) इसके लिये (शुचि) पवित्र (घृतम्) घृत वा (शूषम्) बल के (न) समान (यम्) जिसको (पवन्ते) पवित्र करते हैं (तम्, उ) उसी अग्नि की (स्तोमम्) प्रशंसा को सुनिये ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । मनुष्य जिससे पदार्थों को सिद्ध करते हैं, वह कार्य्यसाधक अग्नि सब को जानने योग्य है ॥२॥

अन्वय: हे पुर्वणीक द्युमो होतरग्ने ! मनुष इधानस्त्वं मतयश्च ममतेवऽग्निभिरस्मै शुचि घृतं शूषं न यं पवन्ते तमु स्तोमं शृणु ॥२॥

पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (तम्) अग्निम् (उ) (द्युमः) प्रकाशवान् (पुर्वणीक) बहूनां सम्भाजक (होतः) धातः (अग्ने) अग्निरिव विद्वन् (अग्निभिः) पावकैः (मनुषः) मनुष्यान् (इधानः) दीपयन् (स्तोमम्) प्रशंसाम् (यम्) (अस्मै) (ममतेव) (शूषम्) बलम् (घृतम्) (न) इव (शुचि) (मतयः) मनुष्याः (पवन्ते) ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । मनुष्या येन पदार्थान् सेधयन्ति सोऽग्निः सर्वैः कार्य्यसाधको वेदितव्यः ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. माणसे ज्याच्याद्वारे पदार्थांना सिद्ध करतात, तो अग्नी सर्वांचा कार्यसाधक असतो. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

पीपा᳓य स᳓ श्र᳓वसा म᳓र्तियेषु
यो᳓ अग्न᳓ये ददा᳓श वि᳓प्र उक्थइः᳓
चित्रा᳓भिस् त᳓म् ऊति᳓भिश् चित्र᳓शोचिर्
व्रज᳓स्य साता᳓ गो᳓मतो दधाति

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
mártyeṣu ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

pīpā́ya ← √pī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śrávasā ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

agnáye ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}

dadā́śa ← √dāś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

ukthaíḥ ← ukthá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

vípraḥ ← vípra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

citrā́bhiḥ ← citrá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

citráśociḥ ← citráśocis- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

tám ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ūtíbhiḥ ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

dadhāti ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gómataḥ ← gómant- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

sātā́ ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

vrajásya ← vrajá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

पी॒पाय॑ । सः । श्रव॑सा । मर्त्ये॑षु । यः । अ॒ग्नये॑ । द॒दाश॑ । विप्रः॑ । उ॒क्थैः ।
चि॒त्राभिः॑ । तम् । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ । चि॒त्रऽशो॑चिः । व्र॒जस्य॑ । सा॒ता । गोऽम॑तः । द॒धा॒ति॒ ॥

• pīpāya ← pyā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “swell; abound; swell.”

• sa ← tad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• śravasā ← śravas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• martyeṣu ← martya
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”

• yo ← yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• agnaye ← agni
• [noun], dative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• dadāśa ← dāś
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “sacrifice; give.”

• vipra ← vipraḥ ← vipra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

• ukthaiḥ ← uktha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “hymn; praise; uktha [word]; encomium.”

• citrābhis ← citrābhiḥ ← citra
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• tam ← tad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• ūtibhiś ← ūtibhiḥ ← ūti
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “aid; favor; ūti [word].”

• citraśocir ← citra
• [noun]
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• citraśocir ← śociḥ ← śocis
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; flare; burn; radiance.”

• vrajasya ← vraja
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”

• sātā ← sāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

• gomato ← gomataḥ ← gomat
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “rich in cattle; bovine.”

• dadhāti ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

सः यजमानः मर्त्येषु मनुष्येषु मध्ये श्रवसा अन्नेन पीपाय वर्धते विप्रः मेधावी यः यजमानः उक्थैः स्तुतिभि: सार्धं हवींषि ददाश प्रयच्छति । तं यजमानं चित्रशोचिः विचित्रदीप्तिरग्निः चित्राभिः आश्चर्यभूताभिः ऊतिभिः रक्षाभिः गोमतः गोभिर्युक्तस्य व्रजस्य गोष्ठस्य साता सातौ संभजने दधाति धारयति ॥

English translation:

“He thrives in abundance among men, who, pious, presents to Agni (oblations) with prayers; the wonderfully radian Agni plural ces him with marvellous protection in the enjoyment of pasturage full of herds of cattle.”

That one is swollen with praise among mortals who as inspired poet performs ritual service for Agni with solemn words.
With brilliant help the one of brilliant flame sets him [=the poet] to the winning of a stable full of cows.

This vs. also appears to be deliberately misleading, though less so than vs. 2.

It begins pīpā́ya sá “he becomes swollen.” Although √pī ‘swell’ is not a particularly Agnaic verb, it still could be applicable to the ritual fire, and the audience might expect an unidentified subject to be the deity of the hymn. But the second pāda, with dat. agnáye and nom. vípraḥ, contravenes our expectations: it is the poet who becomes swollen, as a result of his successful service to Agni.

I would emend the tr. of pāda a: śrávasā should be rendered ‘with fame’, not ‘with praise’.

Mid mortal men that singer thrives in glory who offers gifts with hymns of praise to Agni,
And the God, wondrous bright, with wondrous succours helps him to win a stable filled with cattle.

Der Redekundige schwillt an Ruhm unter den Sterblichen an, der gegen Agni mit Lobliedern freizügig war. Ihm verhilft der wunderbar Glühende durch seine wunderbaren Hilfen zum Gewinn der rinderreichen Hürde;

Bei Sterblichen ist reich an Ruhm der Sänger, der stets dem Agni huldiget mit Sprüchen; Dem schaffet er, der hell erstrahlt, Erlangung des kuhgefüllten Stalls durch schöne Hülfen.

Тот среди смертных стал набухшим от славы,
Кто, вдохновенный, почтил Агни гимнами.
Ему яркопламенный (своими) яркими поддержками
Помогает в захвате загона, полного коров,

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वान् जनो ! (यः) जो (गोमतः) अतिशय स्तुति करनेवाला और (चित्रशोचिः) अनेक प्रकार का प्रकाश जिसका ऐसा (विप्रः) बुद्धिमान् (उक्थैः) प्रशंसित कर्मों और (चित्राभिः) अद्भुत (ऊतिभिः) रक्षादिकों से (मर्त्येषु) मनुष्य आदिकों में (अग्नये) अग्नि के लिये (श्रवसा) अन्नादि से (पीपाय) बढ़ाता और (ददाश) देता है (सः) वह (व्रजस्य) चलते हैं सघन जल जिसमें उस मेघ के (साता) संग्राम से (दधाति) धारण करता है (तम्)उसको आप लोग जानिये ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जिस अग्नि में अद्भुत गुण, कर्म्म, स्वभाव हैं, उसको अच्छे प्रकार जान कर संप्रयोग करो अर्थात् काम में लाओ ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे विद्वांसो ! यो गोमतश्चित्रशोचिर्विप्र उक्थैश्चित्राभिरूतिभिश्च मर्त्येष्वग्नये श्रवसा पीपाय ददाश स व्रजस्य साता दधाति तं यूयं विजानीत ॥३॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पीपाय) वर्धयति (सः) (श्रवसा) अन्नाद्येन (मर्त्येषु) मनुष्यादिषु (यः) (अग्नये) (ददाश) ददाति (विप्रः) मेधावी (उक्थैः) प्रशंसितैः कर्म्मभिः (चित्राभिः) अद्भुताभिः (तम्) (ऊतिभिः) रक्षादिभिः (चित्रशोचिः) चित्रं विविधं शोचिः प्रकाशो यस्य सः (व्रजस्य) व्रजन्ति घना यस्मिंस्तस्य मेघस्य (साता) सङ्ग्रामेण (गोमतः) अतिशयितस्तोता (दधाति) ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यस्मिन्नग्नावद्भुता गुणकर्म्मस्वभावाः सन्ति तं यथावद्विदित्वा सम्प्रयुङ्ध्वम् ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! ज्या अग्नीत अद्भुत गुण, कर्म, स्वभाव आहेत त्याला चांगल्या प्रकारे जाणून प्रयोगात आणा. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

आ᳓ यः᳓ पप्रउ᳓ · जा᳓यमान उर्वी᳓
दूरेदृ᳓शा भा᳐सा᳓ कृष्ण᳓अध्वा
अ᳓ध बहु᳓ चित् त᳓म ऊ᳓र्मियायास्
तिरः᳓ शोचि᳓षा ददृशे पवाकः᳓+

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

jā́yamānaḥ ← √janⁱ- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

papraú ← √prā- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

urvī́ ← urú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:DU}

yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

bhāsā́ ← bhā́s- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

dūredŕ̥śā ← dūredŕ̥ś- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

kr̥ṣṇā́dhvā ← kr̥ṣṇā́dhvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ádha ← ádha (invariable)

bahú ← bahú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

támaḥ ← támas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ū́rmyāyāḥ ← ū́rmyā- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}

dadr̥śe ← √dr̥ś- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

pāvakáḥ ← pāvaká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

śocíṣā ← śocís- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

tirás ← tirás (invariable)

आ । यः । प॒प्रौ । जाय॑मानः । उ॒र्वी इति॑ । दू॒रे॒ऽदृशा॑ । भा॒सा । कृ॒ष्णऽअ॑ध्वा ।
अध॑ । ब॒हु । चि॒त् । तमः॑ । ऊर्म्या॑याः । ति॒रः । शो॒चिषा॑ । द॒दृ॒शे॒ । पा॒व॒कः ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• yaḥ ← yad
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• paprau ← prā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “fill; satisfy.”

• jāyamāna ← jāyamānaḥ ← jan
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

• urvī
• [noun], accusative, dual, feminine
• “Earth; floor; land; heaven and earth; urvī; pṛthivī; kingdom.”

• dūredṛśā ← dūredṛś
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

• bhāsā ← bhās
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “beam; radiance; bhās [word]; fire.”

• kṛṣṇādhvā ← kṛṣṇa
• [noun]
• “black; dark; dark; blue; black.”

• kṛṣṇādhvā ← adhvā ← adhvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “way; journey; adhvan [word]; time; path; method; road; time; distance.”

• adha
• [adverb]
• “then; and; therefore; now.”

• bahu
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “many; much(a); bahu [word]; abundant; long; large; abounding in(p); perennial.”

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• tama ← tamaḥ ← tamas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”

• ūrmyāyās ← ūrmyāyāḥ ← ūrmyā
• [noun], genitive, singular, feminine
• “night.”

• tiraḥ ← tiras
• [adverb]
• “tiras [word]; away; secretly.”

• śociṣā ← śocis
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “fire; flare; burn; radiance.”

• dadṛśe ← dṛś
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”

• pāvakaḥ ← pāvaka
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; vahni.”

कृष्णाध्वा कृष्णवर्त्मा यः अग्निः जायमानः प्रादुर्भवन् उर्वी विस्तीर्णे द्यावापृथिव्यौ दूरेदृशा दूरे दृश्यमानया भासा दीप्त्या आ पप्रौ आपूरयति सः पावकः अग्निः अध अनन्तरम् ऊर्म्यायाः। रात्रिनामैतत् । रात्रेः संबन्धि बहु चित् बह्वपि तमः अन्धकारं शोचिषा दीप्त्या तिरः तिरस्कुर्वन् ददृशे दृश्यते ॥

English translation:

“The dark-pathed, as soon as genitive rated, filled with his afar-seen light the two spacious (worlds); he, the purifer, is now beheld dispersing with his radiance the thick glooms of night.”

He who, (even) while being born, has filled the two wide (world-halves) with his light, visible from afar—(though) his course is black— so even across the dense darkness of the night the pure one is visible with his flame.

He, at his birth, whose path is black behind him, filled heaven and earth with far-apparent splendour:
And he himself hath been. through night’s thick darkness, made manifest by light, the Purifier.

Der eben geboren beide Räume erfüllt hat mit seinem weithin sichtbaren Glanz, der Schwarzpfadige. Dann ist er, der Lautere, auch durch die dichte Finsternis der Nacht hindurch mit seiner Glut sichtbar.

Der kaum geboren beide Welten füllte auf schwarzer Bahn mit weit zu schau’ndem Lichte; Er ward erblickt auch durch das dichte Dunkel der Nacht hindurch mit seinem Schein, der Flammer.

(Агни,) который, едва родившись, заполнил два широких (пространства),
(Своим) сиянием, видным далеко, (бог,) пролагающий черный путь.
Затем даже сквозь густой мрак ночи
Он стал виден благодаря (своему) пламени, (он,) очищающий.

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• आर्षीपङ्क्ति
• पञ्चमः

फिर उसी विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (यः) जो (जायमानः) प्रकट हुआ (कृष्णाध्वा) कर्षित किया अर्थात् जिसे हल से जोतें, वैसे पहियों से सतीरा मार्ग जिसने वह (दूरेदृशा) जिससे दूर देखते हैं उस (भासा) प्रकाश से (उर्वी) अन्तरिक्ष और पृथिवी को (आ) चारों ओर से (पप्रौ) व्याप्त होता है और (अध) इसके अनन्तर (ऊर्म्यायाः) रात्रि का (बहु) बहुत (चित्) भी (तमः) अन्धकार (शोचिषा) प्रकाश से (तिरः) तिरस्कार करता है और (पावकः) पवित्रकर्त्ता हुआ (ददृशे) देखा जाता है, उसको आप लोग जानिये ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि अवश्य बिजुलीरूप अग्नि को जानें ॥४॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यो जायमानो कृष्णाध्वा दूरेदृशा भासोर्वी आ पप्रावध ऊर्म्याया बहु चित्तमः शोचिषा तिरस्करोति पावक सन् ददृशे तं यूयं विजानीत ॥४॥

पुनस्तमेव विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (आ) समन्तात् (यः) (पप्रौ) व्याप्नोति (जायमानः) प्रकटः सन् (ऊर्वी) द्यावापृथिव्यौ (दूरेदृशा) यया दूरे पश्यन्ति तया (भासा) दीप्त्या (कृष्णाध्वा) कृष्णः कर्षितोऽध्वा मार्गो येन (अध) आनन्तर्ये (बहु) (चित्) अपि (तमः) अन्धकारः (ऊर्म्यायाः) रात्र्याः। ऊर्म्येति रात्रिनाम । (निघं०१.७) (तिरः) तिरोभावे (शोचिषा) प्रकाशेन (ददृशे) दृश्यते (पावकः) पवित्रकर्त्ता ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यैरवश्यं विद्युदग्निर्वेदितव्यः ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - माणसांनी विद्युतरूपी अग्नीला अवश्य जाणावे. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

नू᳓ नश् चित्र᳓म् पुरुवा᳓जाभिर् ऊती᳓
अ᳓ग्ने रयि᳓म् मघ᳓वद्भ्यश् च धेहि
ये᳓ रा᳓धसा श्र᳓वसा चा᳓ति अन्या᳓न्
सुवी᳓र्येभिश् च अभि᳓ स᳓न्ति ज᳓नान्

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
citrám ← citrá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

nú ← nú (invariable)

puruvā́jābhiḥ ← puruvā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

ūtī́ ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)

dhehi ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

maghávadbhyaḥ ← maghávan- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

rayím ← rayí- ~ rāy- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

anyā́n ← anyá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

áti ← áti (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

rā́dhasā ← rā́dhas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

śrávasā ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

ca ← ca (invariable)

jánān ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}

sánti ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

suvī́ryebhiḥ ← suvī́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

नु । नः॒ । चि॒त्रम् । पु॒रु॒ऽवाजा॑भिः । ऊ॒ती । अग्ने॑ । र॒यिम् । म॒घव॑त्ऽभ्यः । च॒ । धे॒हि॒ ।
ये । राध॑सा । श्रव॑सा । च॒ । अति॑ । अ॒न्यान् । सु॒ऽवीर्ये॑भिः । च॒ । अ॒भि । सन्ति॑ । जना॑न् ॥

• nū ← nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• naś ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• citram ← citra
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”

• puruvājābhir ← puru
• [noun]
• “many; much(a); very.”

• puruvājābhir ← vājābhiḥ ← vāja
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• ūtī ← ūti
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “aid; favor; ūti [word].”

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• rayim ← rayi
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “wealth; property.”

• maghavadbhyaś ← maghavadbhyaḥ ← maghavan
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “big.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• dhehi ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• rādhasā ← rādhas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “gift; munificence; liberality; bounty.”

• śravasā ← śravas
• [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
• “fame; glory; ear.”

• cāty ← ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• cāty ← ati
• [adverb]
• “very; excessively; beyond; excessively.”

• anyān ← anya
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “other; another(a); remaining; different; anya [word]; other than; more(a); fresh; any(a).”

• suvīryebhiś ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suvīryebhiś ← vīryebhiḥ ← vīrya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “potency; vīrya; heroism; potency; strength; semen; power; deed; active agent; efficacy; vīryapāramitā; gold; vigor; vīrya [word]; virility; manfulness; jewel; force.”

• cābhi ← ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• cābhi ← abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• santi ← as
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• janān ← jana
• [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
• “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

हे अग्ने मघवद्भ्यः हविर्लक्षणधनयुक्तेभ्यः नः अस्मभ्यं पुरुवाजाभिः बह्वन्नैः ऊती ऊतिभिः रक्षणैः सह चित्रं चायनीयं रयिं धनं नु क्षिप्रं धेहि देहि प्रयच्छ। चशब्दो वक्ष्यमाणेन समुच्चयार्थः । ये राधसा धनेन श्रवसा अन्नेन च सुवीर्येभिः शोभनैर्वीर्यैश्च अन्यान् जनान् मनुष्यान् अति अतिशयेन अभि सन्ति अभिभवन्ति तादृशान् पुत्रांश्चास्मभ्यं देहीत्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Bestow quickly, Agni, upon us who are affluent (in oblations), wondrous wealth), with abundant viands and protections, such as enrich other men with wealth with food, and with male descendants.”

Now, Agni, with your help that brings many prizes, establish brilliant wealth for us and for our benefactors—
those who, by their generosity and fame, surpass the others, and by good heroes en masse dominate the peoples.

The usual truncation of instr. pl. ūtíbhiḥ (appropriate to final position in Jagatī and in dimeter meters) to sg. ūtī́in final position of a Triṣṭubh pāda. Cf., e.g., nṛ́tamābhir ūtī́# in VI.19.10 versus, e.g., V.40.3 (etc.) citrā́bhir ūtíbhiḥ#. Our own hymn contains an ex. of the full instr. pl. phrase in 3c #citrā́bhiḥ … ūtíbhiḥ …#. I consider such truncations to be synchronically generated, providing no evidence for any deep historical practice.

The bahuvrīhi puruvā́ja- is a hapax and may be a play on the poetic lineage bharádvāja-, which name appears in 6c.

With thy most mighty aid, confer, O Agni, wonderful wealth on us and on our princes,
Who stand preeminent, surpassing others in liberal gifts, in fame, and hero virtues.

So bring du durch deine gewinnreichen Hilfen, o Agni, ausgezeichneten Reichtum uns und den Lohnherren, die an Freigebigkeit und Ruhm die anderen übertreffen und an Heldentum den Leuten über sind.

Nun, Agni gib durch labungsreiche Hülfen viel glänzend Gut uns und den Opferherren, Die durch Geschenk, durch Ruhm und Heldenkräfte die andern Menschen alle überragen.

Принеси же (своими) поддержками, богатыми многими наградами,
О Агни, яркое богатство нам и (нашим) щедрым покровителям,
Которые благодаря щедрости и славе превосходят других
Людей, а также благодаря обилию прекрасных мужей!

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर विद्वानों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अग्ने) यथार्थवक्ता विद्वन् ! आप (पुरुवाजाभिः) बहुत ज्ञान और पुरुषार्थ से युक्त (ऊती) रक्षा आदि क्रियाओं से (नः) हम लोगों और (मघवद्भ्यः) धन से युक्त जनों के लिये (च) भी (चित्रम्) अद्भुत (रयिम्) धन को (नू) शीघ्र (धेहि) धारण कीजिये (ये) जो (सुवीर्य्येभिः) श्रेष्ठ बल वा पराक्रम जिनके उन और (राधसा) धन और (श्रवसा) अन्न आदि से (च) भी (अन्यान्) अन्य (जनान्) मनुष्यों को धारण करते हुए (अभि) सन्मुख (सन्ति) हैं, वे (अति) अत्यन्त प्रतिष्ठा को (च) भी प्राप्त होते हैं ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जो आप लोगों के लिये विद्या और लक्ष्मी को धारण करते हैं, उनकी आप लोग अत्यन्त प्रतिष्ठा करो ॥५॥

अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! त्वं पुरुवाजाभिरूती नो मघवद्भ्यश्च चित्रं रयिं नू धेहि ये सुवीर्य्येभिः राधसा श्रवसा चान्याञ्जनान्दधमाना अभि सन्ति तेऽति प्रतिष्ठां च लभन्ते ॥५॥

पुनर्विद्वद्भिः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (नू) सद्यः (नः) अस्मभ्यम् (चित्रम्) अद्भुतम् (पुरुवाजाभिः) बहुज्ञानपुरुषार्थयुक्ताभिः (ऊती) रक्षादिक्रियाभिः (अग्ने) आप्तविद्वन् (रयिम्) धनम् (मघवद्भ्यः) धनाढ्येभ्यः (च) (धेहि) (ये) (राधसा) धनेन (श्रवसा) अन्नादिना (च) (अति) (अन्यान्) (सुवीर्य्येभिः) सुष्ठु वीर्य्यं बलं पराक्रमो वा येषान्तैः (च) (अभि) आभिमुख्ये (सन्ति) (जनान्) मनुष्यान् ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! ये युष्मभ्यं विद्यां श्रियं च दधति तेषां यूयमतिप्रतिष्ठां कुरुत ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! जे तुमच्यासाठी विद्या व लक्ष्मी धारण करतात त्यांचा तुम्ही सन्मान करा. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

इमं᳓ यज्ञं᳓ च᳓नो धा अग्न उश᳓न्
यं᳓ त आसानो᳓ जुहुते᳓ हवि᳓ष्मान्
भर᳓द्वाजेषु दधिषे सुवृक्ति᳓म्
अ᳓वीर् वा᳓जस्य ग᳓धियस्य सातउ᳓

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
agne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

cánaḥ ← cánas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

dhāḥ ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

imám ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

uśán ← √vaś- (root)
{tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yajñám ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

āsānáḥ ← √ās- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

havíṣmān ← havíṣmant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

juhuté ← √hu- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}

yám ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

bharádvājeṣu ← bharádvāja- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

dadhiṣe ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

suvr̥ktím ← suvr̥ktí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

ávīḥ ← √avⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

gádhyasya ← gádhya- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

sātaú ← sātí- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}

vā́jasya ← vā́ja- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

इ॒मम् । य॒ज्ञम् । चनः॑ । धाः॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । उ॒शन् । यम् । ते॒ । आ॒सा॒नः । जु॒हु॒ते । ह॒विष्मा॑न् ।
भ॒रत्ऽवा॑जेषु । द॒धि॒षे॒ । सु॒ऽवृ॒क्तिम् । अवीः॑ । वाज॑स्य । गध्य॑स्य । सा॒तौ ॥

• imaṃ ← imam ← idam
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• yajñaṃ ← yajñam ← yajña
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

• cano ← canaḥ ← canas
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “delight.”

• dhā ← dhāḥ ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• agna ← agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• uśan ← vaś
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

• yaṃ ← yam ← yad
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• ta ← te ← tvad
• [noun], dative, singular
• “you.”

• āsāno ← āsānaḥ ← ās
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “sit; stay; sit down; dwell; lie; lie; exist.”

• juhute ← hu
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”

• haviṣmān ← haviṣmat
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “sacrificing.”

• bharadvājeṣu ← bharadvāja
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “Bharadvāja; Droṇa; Bharadvāja; skylark.”

• dadhiṣe ← dhā
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• suvṛktim ← suvṛkti
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “praise.”

• avīr ← avīḥ ← av
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

• vājasya ← vāja
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

• gadhyasya ← gadhya
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine

• sātau ← sāti
• [noun], locative, singular, feminine
• “victory; acquisition; contest.”

हे अग्ने उशन् कामयमानस्त्वम् इमं पुरोवर्ति यज्ञं यागसाधनं चनः हविर्लक्षणमन्नं धाः धेहि । स्वात्मनि धारय । यं च पुरोडाशादिकम् आसानः आसीन उपविशन् हविष्मान् हविर्युक्तो यजमानः ते तुभ्यं त्वदर्थं जुहूते जुहोति तमिममित्यन्वयः । अपि च भरद्वाजेषु ऋषिषु सुवृक्तिं सुष्ठु दोषैर्वर्जितां स्तुतिं दधिषे धारय । गध्यस्य । गध्यतिर्मिश्रीभावकर्मा । मिश्रणीयस्य प्राप्यस्य वाजस्य अन्नस्य सातौ संभजने निमित्तभूते अवीः तानृषीन् रक्ष च ॥

English translation:

“Agni desirous (of the offering), accept this sacrifice, this food which the presenter (of the oblation), sitting down (before you), offers unto you; accept the blameless (praises) of the bhāradvāja (race), and favour them that they may obtain many sorts of food.”

Eagerly take delight in this sacrifice here, Agni, which the seated one with his oblation offers to you.
Among the Bharadvājas you have taken to yourself the well-twisted (hymn); aid in the winning of the prize to be secured.

Another slightly off expression: with monotonous regularity throughout the RV Agni is described as ‘sitting’ or ‘sitting down” or “made to sit (down)’. Although ‘sit’ in these locutions is always expressed by the root √sad, it still seems odd to characterize the human ritualist as ‘sitting’ (āsānáḥ, using the regularized participle to √ās, not āsīná-), in a context where we might expect the referent to be Agni.

The expression dadhiṣe suvṛktím “repairs” both vs. 1 and vs. 2. In 1a we had the adj. suvṛktím, which had to be a masc. referring to Agni and therefore a secondary bahuvrīhi. Here suvṛktí- has its usual meaning of ‘well-twisted (hymn)’ and is presumably fem. As for dadhiṣe, recall that I suggest supplying a medial form of √dhā to govern stómam in 2. Here we have the full VP.

Agni, accept this sacrifice with gladness, which, seated here, the worshipper presenteth.
Fair hymns hadst thou among the Bharadvajas, and holpest them to gain abundant vigour.

Dieses Opfer laß dir, Agni, gern gefallen, das dir sitzend der Opfernde darbringt. Du hast bei den Bharadvaja´s ein Loblied erhalten. Hilf zum Gewinnen von deckenhoher Beute!

Dies Opfer nimm du willig an, o Agni, das sitzend dir ergiesst der Opferbringer; Bei Bharadvadscha’s Stamm empfingst du Preislied; lass uns erlangen wünschenswerthe Beute.

Эту жертву прими благосклонно, о расположенный Агни,
(Жертву,) которую возливает тебе, сидя, жертвователь.
Ты получил прекрасный гимн у людей из рода Бхарадваджа.
Помоги в захвате добычи, наполняющей колесницу!

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर विद्वानों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अग्ने) पुरुषार्थी विद्वन् ! आप (यम्) जिस (यज्ञम्) परोपकारनामक यज्ञ की (उशन्) कामना करते हुए (चनः) अन्न आदि को (धाः) धारण करें और (आसानः) बैठे हुए (हविष्मान्) बहुत देने और भोग करने योग्य पदार्थ जिनमें वह आप (जुहुते) हवन करते हैं (इमम्) इसकी (गध्यस्य) अभिकाङ्क्षा करने योग्य (वाजस्य) विज्ञान आदि के (सातौ) संग्राम में (अवीः) रक्षा कीजिये और (भरद्वाजेषु) अन्न आदि को धारण करनेवालों में (सुवृक्तिम्) उत्तम प्रकार चलते हैं जिसमें उस मार्ग को (दधिषे) धारण कीजिये उन (ते) आपका सम्पूर्ण सुख सुगम होजाये ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो परोपकार करते हैं, उनको ही अभीष्ट स्वार्थसिद्धि होती है ॥६॥

अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! त्वं यं यज्ञमुशञ्चनो धा आसानो हविष्मान्त्सम्भवाञ्जुहुत इमं गध्यस्य वाजस्य साताववीर्भरद्वाजेषु सुवृक्तिं दधिषे तस्य ते सर्वं सुखं सुगमं जायेत ॥६॥

पुनर्विद्वद्भिः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (इमम्) (यज्ञम्) परोपकाराख्यम् (चनः) अन्नादिकम् (धाः) धेहि (अग्ने) पुरुषार्थिन् विद्वन् (उशन्) कामयमानः (यम्) (ते) तव (आसानः) आसीनः (जुहुते) जुहोति (हविष्मान्) बहूनि हवींषि दातव्यानि भोक्तव्यानि विद्यन्ते येषु (भरद्वाजेषु) ये वाजानन्नादीन् भरन्ति तेषु (दधिषे) (सुवृक्तिम्) सुष्ठु व्रजन्ति यस्मिन्मार्गे तम् (अवीः) रक्षेः (वाजस्य) विज्ञानादेः (गध्यस्य) अभिकाङ्क्षितुं योग्यस्य (सातौ) सङ्ग्रामे ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये परोपकारं कुर्वन्ति तेषामेवाभीष्टा स्वार्थसिद्धिर्जायते ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जे परोपकार करतात त्यांचे कल्याण होते. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - अग्निः
• ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• छन्दः - द्विपदा विराट्

वि᳓ द्वे᳓षांसि इनुहि᳓ वर्ध᳓ये᳓ळाम्
म᳓देम · शत᳓हिमाः सुवी᳓राः

Strata
Archaic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line

Morph
dvéṣāṁsi ← dvéṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

íḷām ← íḷā- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}

inuhí ← √i- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vardháya ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

ví ← ví (invariable)

mádema ← √mad- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

śatáhimāḥ ← śatáhima- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

suvī́rāḥ ← suvī́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

वि । द्वेषां॑सि । इ॒नु॒हि । व॒र्धय॑ । इळा॑म् । मदे॑म । श॒तऽहि॑माः । सु॒ऽवीराः॑ ॥

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• dveṣāṃsīnuhi ← _ ← √_
• [?]
• “_”

• vardhayeﾱām ← vardhaya ← vardhay ← √vṛdh
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “increase; strengthen; promote; rear; add; greet; laud.”

• vardhayeﾱām ← iﾱām ← iḍā
• [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
• “refreshment; iḍā [word]; comfort; cow.”

• madema ← mad
• [verb], plural, Present optative
• “rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

• śatahimāḥ ← śata
• [noun], neuter
• “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

• śatahimāḥ ← himāḥ ← hima
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “snow; frost; hima [word]; winter; tin; silver; pearl; sauvīrāñjana; year; ague; Himalayas; coldness.”

• suvīrāḥ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• suvīrāḥ ← vīrāḥ ← vīra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”

हे अग्ने द्वेषांसि द्वेष्टॄन शत्रून् वि इनुहि विविधं गमय । इळाम् अन्नं चास्मदीयं वर्धय । वयं च सुवीराः शोभनैर्वीरैः पुत्रपौत्रादिभिरुपेताः सन्तः शतहिमाः शतं हेमन्तान् संवत्सरान् मदेम मोदेम तृप्ता भूयास्म ॥ ॥ १२ ॥

English translation:

“Scatter (our enemies); augment our abundance; and may we, blessed with virtuous male descendants, enjoy happiness for a hundred winters.”

Dispel hatreds; increase refreshment. – Having good heroes might we rejoice for a hundred winters.

The accent on inuhí can easily be explained as contrastive to the immediately following verb vardháya.

Scatter our foes, increase our store. May we he glad a hundred winters with brave sons.

Zerstreue die Anfeindungen, mehre den Segen! Wir wollen, hundert Winter lebend, als Meister frohlocken.

Verjag die Feinde, mehre unsre Labung, froh sei’n wir, reich an Söhnen, hundert Jahre.

Прогони прочь проявления враждебности! Усиль возлияние!
Да будем мы радоваться, живя сто зим, богатые прекрасными мужами!

• अग्निः
• भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
• प्राजापत्याबृहती
• मध्यमः

फिर विद्वद्विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे अग्नि के समान परोपकारसाधक विद्वन् ! आप (द्वेषांसि) द्वेष से युक्त कर्म्मों का त्याग करिये कराइये और (इळाम्) वाणी वा अन्न को (वि) विशेष करके (इनुहि) व्याप्त होओ और हम लोगों की (वर्धय) वृद्धि कीजिये जिससे हम लोग (शतहिमाः) सौ वर्ष पर्यन्त (सुवीराः) अच्छे वीर पुरुषों से युक्त होकर (मदेम) आनन्द करें ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - विद्वानों को चाहिये कि वह कर्म्म करें और करावें, जिससे मनुष्यों के दोषों की निवृत्ति और बुद्धि, बल तथा अवस्था की वृद्धि होवे ॥७॥ इस सूक्त में अग्नि और विद्वानों के गुणों का वर्णन होने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह दशवाँ सूक्त और बारहवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! विद्वंस्त्वं द्वेषांसि त्यज त्याजयेळा वीनुहि। अस्मान् वर्धय यतो वयं शतहिमाः सुवीराः सन्तो मदेम ॥७॥

पुनर्विद्वद्विषयमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वि) विशेषे (द्वेषांसि) द्वेषयुक्तानि कर्म्माणि (इनुहि) व्याप्नुहि (वर्धय) (इळाम्) वाचमन्नं वा (मदेम) आनन्देम (शतहिमाः) शतं वर्षाणि (सुवीराः) शोभना वीरा येषान्ते ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - विद्वद्भिस्तत्कर्म्म कर्त्तव्यं कारयितव्यं च येन मनुष्याणां दोषनिवृत्तिर्बुद्धिबलायूंषि च वर्धेरन् ॥७॥ अत्राग्निविद्वद्गुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति दशमं सूक्तं द्वादशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - विद्वानांनी असे कर्म करावे व करवावे, ज्यामुळे माणसांच्या दोषांची निवृत्ती होऊन बुद्धी, बल व आयुष्य यांची वृद्धी व्हावी. ॥ ७ ॥