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सायण-भाष्यम्
॥ श्रीगणेशाय नमः ॥
यस्य निःश्वसितं वेदा यो वेदेभ्योऽखिलं जगत् ।
निर्ममे तमहं वन्दे विद्यातीर्थमहेश्वरम् ॥
अथ पञ्चमाध्याय आरभ्यते । षष्ठमण्डलस्य षडनुवाकात्मकस्य प्रथमेऽनुवाके पश्चदश सूक्तानि । तत्र ‘त्वं हि’ इत्येकादशर्चं द्वितीयं सूक्तं भरद्वाजस्यार्षमाग्नेयम् । अन्त्या षट्पञ्चाशदक्षरा शक्वरी आदितो दशानुष्टुभः । अनुक्रम्यते हि- त्वं ह्येकादशानुष्टुभं शक्वर्यन्तम्’ इति । प्रातरनुवाक आग्नये क्रतौ आनुष्टुभे छन्दसीदं सूक्तमुत्तमावर्जं विनियुक्तम् । सूत्र्यते हि– त्वं हि क्षैतवदग्ना यो होताजनिष्ट’ ( आश्व. श्रौ. ४. १३) इति । आश्विनशस्त्रे चैतत् शंसनीयं प्रातरनुवाकन्यायेनेत्यतिदिष्टत्वात् । अङ्गिरसां द्विरात्रे द्वितीयेऽहनीदमेव सूक्तमाज्यशस्त्रम् । सूत्रितं च— त्वं हि क्षैतवदिति चाज्यम्’ (आश्व. श्रौ. १०. २) इति ॥
Jamison Brereton
2 (443)
Agni
Bharadvāja Bārhaspatya
11 verses: anuṣṭubh, except śakvarī 11
In its first half (vss. 1–5) this hymn echoes the themes of VI.1: Agni as the joint con cern of all the separate units of Ārya society (and indeed of the gods as well) and the success that attends the man who fulfills his ritual responsibilities to Agni. The hymn ends the same way (vss. 10–11), with special mention of Agni’s position in the individual house as well as his role as clanlord. The similarity between beginning and ending is marked by a signal of ring composition: the god Mitra compared to Agni in both the first and last verses. Agni is often compared with or identified with Mitra (“Ally, Alliance”) because of his position on earth as guest and helper of men, though himself a god, and because, as god, he mediates the sacrificial alliance between gods and men.
By contrast, the verses in between (6–9) offer a sequence of increasingly dense and complex images of fire, starting with a simple one of whirling smoke and sun like brightness (vs. 6), but the comparisons in verses 7cd–8 rely on multiple puns and terse and elliptical phraseology. This middle section sets the stage for the rest of the Agni cycle with its focus on the physical aspects of fire.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Agni _________ 01-02 The opening of the first hymn in this maṇḍala, tváṃ hí (see above), is replicated in the first two vss. of this hymn. The hí is similarly hard to account for in both these vss.
01 त्वं हि - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
तुवं᳓ हि᳓ क्षइ᳓तवद् य᳓शो
अ᳓ग्ने मित्रो᳓ न᳓ प᳓त्यसे
तुवं᳓ विचर्षणे श्र᳓वो
व᳓सो पुष्टिं᳓ न᳓ पुष्यसि
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वं हि क्षैत॑व॒द्यशोऽग्ने॑ मि॒त्रो न पत्य॑से ।
त्वं वि॑चर्षणे॒ श्रवो॒ वसो॑ पु॒ष्टिं न पु॑ष्यसि ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तुवं᳓ हि᳓ क्षइ᳓तवद् य᳓शो
अ᳓ग्ने मित्रो᳓ न᳓ प᳓त्यसे
तुवं᳓ विचर्षणे श्र᳓वो
व᳓सो पुष्टिं᳓ न᳓ पुष्यसि
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
hí ← hí (invariable)
kṣaítavat ← kṣaítavant- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
yáśaḥ ← yáśas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
mitráḥ ← mitrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
pátyase ← √pat- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
śrávaḥ ← śrávas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
vicarṣaṇe ← vícarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
puṣṭím ← puṣṭí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
puṣyasi ← √puṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
váso ← vásu- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
त्वम् । हि । क्षैत॑ऽवत् । यशः॑ । अग्ने॑ । मि॒त्रः । न । पत्य॑से ।
त्वम् । वि॒ऽच॒र्ष॒णे॒ । श्रवः॑ । वसो॒ इति॑ । पु॒ष्टिम् । न । पु॒ष्य॒सि॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- kṣaitavad ← kṣaitavat
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- yaśo ← yaśaḥ ← yaśas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “fame; Yaśas.”
- ‘gne ← agne ← agni
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
- mitro ← mitraḥ ← mitra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- patyase ← paty
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “own; have; master.”
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- vicarṣaṇe ← vicarṣaṇi
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “excellent.”
- śravo ← śravaḥ ← śravas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “fame; glory; ear.”
- vaso ← vasu
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “good; good; benign; vasu [word].”
- puṣṭiṃ ← puṣṭim ← puṣṭi
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “prosperity; growth; increase; puṣṭi; luxury; wealth; comfort; increase; corpulence.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- puṣyasi ← puṣ
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “boom; grow; promote; foster.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने त्वं हि त्वं खलु क्षैतवत् । क्षितिः क्षयोऽपचयः । तत्संबन्धि क्षैतं शुष्कं काष्ठम् । तद्युक्तं यशः अन्नं हविर्लक्षणं पत्यसे अभिपतसि गच्छसि । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । मित्रो न । अहरभिमानी देवो मित्रः । स इव । यद्वा यश इति गृहनाम । क्षैतवत् । क्षैतं निवासकं हविर्लक्षणमन्नम् । तद्युक्तं यजमानगृहं मित्रभूतः पुरुष इवाभिपतसि । यद्वा पत्यतिरैश्वर्यकर्मा । ईदृशमन्नं पत्यसे ईशिषे । अतः कारणात् हे विचर्षणे विशेषेण सर्वस्य द्रष्टः वसो वासकाग्ने त्वं श्रवः श्रवणीयमन्नं यजमानगृहस्थं न । अयं नशब्दश्चार्थे । अन्नकार्यभूतां पुष्टिं च पुष्यसि वर्धयसि ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“You alight, Agni, like Mitra, upon the oblation offered with the dry fuel; therefore, beholder of all, possessor of riches, you cherish us with food and nourishment.”
Jamison Brereton
You, o Agni, like Mitra are indeed master of the glory belonging to the settlements.
You prosper fame like prosperity, o good one without boundaries.
Jamison Brereton Notes
jyók cid atti gárbho yád ácyutam “For a long time the embryo eats just what is immovable.” Renou supplies a different verb in a from the one he supplies in b: “(tu ébranles) … comme le bétail (dévore) …” But this violates the structure of the RVic simile.
The problem in the 2nd hemistich is the form dhā́mā. Grassmann, fld. by Lubotsky, interprets it as a 1st pl. root aor. injunctive, but though a 1st person would work in some hymns, there seems to be no personal intrusion in this one – nor can I figure out how a 1st pl. “we establish(ed)” would fit here. Both Geldner and Renou take it as a neut.
pl. to dhā́man- and therefore the subject of vṛścánti. However, this requires an interpr.
of dhā́man- – Geldner “Kräfte,” Renou “pouvoirs-d’état” (whatever that means) – that I do not think is possible for this word, and, in any case, can “powers” hew? On the basis of VI.6.1 (also in this cycle) vṛścádvana- ‘wood-hewing’ (the compounded version of our vánā vṛścánti), which modifies Agni, I think that the subject of vṛścánti must be Agni, or rather some parts of Agni, since a plural is required. I therefore take śíkvasaḥ as a nom. pl., not gen. sg. (with Geldner, Renou), referring to Agni’s flames or his various embodiments. This leaves dhā́mā stranded; I take it as an annunciatory main clause with yád as the definitional relative clause: “(this is your) principle, that …” My tr. assumes a neut. singular dhā́mā, allowed by Wackernagel (AiG III.272), Oldenberg (ZDMG 55: 280 = KlSch 739), etc. It would also be possible to tr. as a plural: “(these are your) principles, that …” A different possibility is enabled by Geldner’s suggested alternative tr. of dhā́mā (n. 9c) as “Erscheinungsformen,” which is more palatable than his “Kräfte.” If we allow the meaning of dhā́man- to stretch to this extent, we could tr. cd “when the forms of you, the dexterous one, hew the woods,” with śíkvasaḥ a genitive with te. Nonetheless, I still prefer the published translation
Griffith
THOU, Agni, even as Mitra, hast a princely glory of thine own.
Thou, active Vasu, makest fame increase like full prosperity.
Geldner
Du, Agni, besitzest ja volkstümliches Ansehen gleich Mitra dem Bundesfreund; du Ausgezeichneter mehrest deinen Ruhm, du Guter, wie man seinen Wohlstand mehrt.
Grassmann
Du, Agni, hast, dem Mitra gleich, zu eigen königliche Zier, O guter, Ruhm entfaltest du, allweiser, einer Blume gleich.
Elizarenkova
Ведь ты, о Агни, обладаешь достоинством,
Свойственным вождю, словно Митра.
Ты, о распространившийся среди народов, делаешь так, что слава
Процветает, как (вызывают) процветание (богатства), о Васу.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- भुरिगुष्णिक्
- ऋषभः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अभ पञ्चमाध्याय का आरम्भ है और छठे मण्डल में ग्यारह ऋचावाले दूसरे सूक्त का आरम्भ किया जाता है, उसके प्रथम मन्त्र में अग्नि कैसा होता है, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (विचर्षणे) प्रकाश करनेवाले (अग्ने) अग्नि के सदृश वर्त्तमान ! (हि) जिस कारण (त्वम्) आप (क्षैतवत्) पृथिवी में हुए के समान (यशः) धन अन्न वा कीर्त्ति को (मित्रः) मित्र (न) जैसे वैसे (पत्यसे) पति के सदृश आचरण करते हो और हे (वसो) वसानेवाले ! (त्वम्) आप (पुष्टिम्) धातु के साम्य से बल आदि के योग को (न) जैसे वैसे (श्रवः) अन्न वा श्रवण का (पुष्यसि) पालन करते हो, इससे सुखी होते हो ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जैसे पृथिवी में उत्पन्न हुए शुष्क वस्तु रस से रहित होते हैं, वैसे विद्यारहित और धर्म्मरहित जन दयारहित और कोमलतारहित होते हैं ॥ २ ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे विचर्षणेऽग्ने ! हि त्वं क्षैतवद्यशो मित्रो न पत्यसे। हे वसो ! त्वं पुष्टिं न श्रवः पुष्यसि तस्मात्सुखी भवसि ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अथाग्निः कीदृशोऽस्तीत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वम्) (हि) यतः (क्षैतवत्) क्षितौ भववत् (यशः) धनमन्नं कीर्तिं वा (अग्ने) पावक इव वर्त्तमान (मित्रः) सखा (न) इव (पत्यसे) पतिरिवाचरसि (त्वम्) (विचर्षणे) प्रकाशक (श्रवः) अन्नं श्रवणं वा (वसो) वासयितः (पुष्टिम्) धातुसाम्याद् बलादियोगम् (न) इव (पुष्यसि) ॥१॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । यथा पार्थिवानि शुष्कानि वस्तूनि नीरसानि भवन्ति तथाऽविद्वांसोऽधार्मिका निष्ठुरा जायन्ते ॥१॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - विषयः
या सूक्तात अग्नी व विद्वानांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्व सूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जशा पार्थिव शुष्क वस्तू रसहीन असतात तसे विद्यारहित व अधार्मिक लोक दयारहित व कोमलतारहित असतात. ॥ १ ॥
02 त्वां हि - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
तुवां᳓ हि᳓ ष्मा चर्षण᳓यो
यज्ञे᳓भिर् गीर्भि᳓र् ई᳓ळते
त्वां᳓ वाजी᳓ याति अवृको᳓
रजस्तू᳓र् विश्व᳓चर्षणिः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वां हि ष्मा॑ चर्ष॒णयो॑ य॒ज्ञेभि॑र्गी॒र्भिरीळ॑ते ।
त्वां वा॒जी या॑त्यवृ॒को र॑ज॒स्तूर्वि॒श्वच॑र्षणिः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तुवां᳓ हि᳓ ष्मा चर्षण᳓यो
यज्ञे᳓भिर् गीर्भि᳓र् ई᳓ळते
त्वां᳓ वाजी᳓ याति अवृको᳓
रजस्तू᳓र् विश्व᳓चर्षणिः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
carṣaṇáyaḥ ← carṣaṇí- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}
hí ← hí (invariable)
sma ← sma (invariable)
tvā́m ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
gīrbhíḥ ← gír- ~ gīr- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}
ī́ḷate ← √īḍ- ~ √īḷ- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
yajñébhiḥ ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}
avr̥káḥ ← avr̥ká- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
tvā́m ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
vājī́ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
yāti ← √yā- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
rajastū́ḥ ← rajastúr- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
viśvácarṣaṇiḥ ← viśvácarṣaṇi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
त्वाम् । हि । स्म॒ । च॒र्ष॒णयः॑ । य॒ज्ञेभिः॑ । गीः॒ऽभिः । ईळ॑ते ।
त्वाम् । वा॒जी । या॒ति॒ । अ॒वृ॒कः । र॒जः॒ऽतूः । वि॒श्वऽच॑र्षणिः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tvāṃ ← tvām ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- ṣmā ← sma
- [adverb]
- carṣaṇayo ← carṣaṇayaḥ ← carṣaṇi
- [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
- “people.”
- yajñebhir ← yajñebhiḥ ← yajña
- [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
- “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
- gīrbhir ← gīrbhiḥ ← gir
- [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
- “hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”
- īᄆate ← īḍ
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “praise; invite; raise.”
- tvāṃ ← tvām ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- vājī ← vājin
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”
- yāty ← yāti ← yā
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
- avṛko ← avṛkaḥ ← avṛka
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “protective; safe.”
- rajastūr ← rajastur
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- viśvacarṣaṇiḥ ← viśvacarṣaṇi
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने त्वां हि स्म त्वामेव खलु चर्षणयः मनुष्याः यज्ञेभिः यज्ञसाधनैर्हविभिः गीर्भिः स्तुतिभिः ईळते स्तुवन्ति । अपि च वाजी । वाजो गमनम् । तद्वान् सूर्यः त्वां याति गच्छति । प्रविशतीत्यर्थः । तथा च श्रूयते – ‘अग्निं वावादित्यः सायं प्रविशति तस्मादग्निर्दूरान्नक्तं ददृशे ’ (तै. ब्रा. २.१.२.९ ) इति । वाजिशब्दश्च सूर्यवाचकत्वेन क्वचित् श्रूयते - अग्निर्वायुः सूर्यस्ते वै वाजिनः’ (तै.. ब्रा. १. ६. ३. ९) इति ‘वायुः सप्तिरादित्यो वाजी’ ( तै. ब्रा, १.३.६ ) इति च । कीदृशो वाजी । अवृकः हिंसकरहितः रजस्तूः । उदकमत्र रज उच्यते । तस्य वृष्टिलक्षणस्य प्रेरयिता । यद्वा । रजसां लोकानां तरिता गन्ता विश्वचर्षणिः सर्वस्य द्रष्टा ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Men verily worship you with sacrifice and with praises; the inoffensive sun, the sender of rain, the beholder of the universe, proceeds to you.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
It is said that the sun, at the evening enters into fire, therefore the latter is visible throughout the night; the term for sun in the text is, vājin, he who goes swiftly; this is an appellative also of fire and wind: Agnirvāyuḥ sūryas te vai vājinaḥ, fire, wind, the sun, they verily are vājins (Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa 1.6.3.9)
Jamison Brereton
It is you then that the boundaried domains reverently invoke, with sacrifices and with hymns;
to you drives the prizewinning (horse), avoiding the wolf, crossing (the mid)space, the one common to all the boundaried domains.
Jamison Brereton Notes
I doubt that the vājín- of the 2nd hemistich is just any horse. It could be a mythical horse: Dadhikrā is called vājín- viśvákṛṣṭi- “a prize-winner belonging to all communities” in IV.38.2. Or a god, perhaps Soma, Indra, or the Sun.
Griffith
For, verily, men pray to thee with sacrifices and with songs.
To thee the Friendly Courser, seen of all, comes speeding through the air.
Geldner
Denn dich rufen die Leute mit Opfergebeten und Lobreden an, zu dir kommt das Siegesroß, das dem Wolf entgeht und weite Strecken zurücklegt, das in allen Landen bekannt ist.
Grassmann
Denn dich ja ehrt der Menschen Schar mit Liedern und mit Opfern hoch; Zu dir geht hin das Segensross, die, Luft durchdringend, allen hold.
Elizarenkova
Ведь это тебя народы
Призывают жертвами и песнями.
К тебе несется конь, завоевывающий награды, надежный,
Пересекающий пространство, принадлежащий всем народам.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- स्वराडुष्णिक्
- ऋषभः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
विद्वानों को इस संसार में कैसा वर्त्ताव करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वन् ! जो (चर्षणयः) मनुष्य (यज्ञेभिः) अध्ययन-अध्यापन आदिकों और (गीर्भिः) वाणियों से (त्वाम्) आपकी (हि) निश्चित (ईळते) स्तुति करते (स्मा) ही हैं (रजस्तूः) लोकों का बढ़ानेवाला (विश्वचर्षणिः) सम्पूर्ण विचारशील मनुष्य जिसके वह (अवृकः) चोर आदिकों के सङ्ग से रहित (वाजी) वेग से युक्त हुआ (त्वाम्) आपको (याति) प्राप्त होता है ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य जिस विद्वान् का सेवन करते हैं, वह उनके लिये विद्या देवे ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे विद्वन् ! ये चर्षणयो यज्ञेभिर्गीर्भिस्त्वां हीळते स्मा रजस्तूर्विश्वचर्षणिरवृको वाजी त्वां याति ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
विद्वद्भिरत्र कथं वर्त्तिततव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वाम्) (हि) यतः (स्मा) एव। अत्र निपातस्य चेति दीर्घः। (चर्षणयः) मनुष्याः (यज्ञेभिः) अध्ययनाध्यापनादिभिः (गीर्भिः) वाग्भिः (ईळते) स्तुवन्ति (त्वाम्) (वाजी) वेगवान् (याति) (अवृकः) चोरादिसङ्गरहितः (रजस्तूः) यो रजांसि लोकान् वर्धयति (विश्वचर्षणिः) विश्वे चर्षणयो मननशीला मनुष्या यस्य सः ॥२॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्या यं विद्वांसं सेवन्ते स तान् विद्यां प्रदद्यात् ॥२॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे ज्या विद्वानाचा स्वीकार करतात त्यांना त्याने विद्या द्यावी. ॥ २ ॥
03 सजोषस्त्वा दिवो - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
सजो᳓षस् त्वा दिवो᳓ न᳓रो
यज्ञ᳓स्य केतु᳓म् इन्धते
य᳓द् ध स्य᳓ मा᳓नुषो ज᳓नः
सुम्नायु᳓र् जुह्वे᳓ अध्वरे᳓
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स॒जोष॑स्त्वा दि॒वो नरो॑ य॒ज्ञस्य॑ के॒तुमि॑न्धते ।
यद्ध॒ स्य मानु॑षो॒ जनः॑ सुम्ना॒युर्जु॒ह्वे अ॑ध्व॒रे ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
सजो᳓षस् त्वा दिवो᳓ न᳓रो
यज्ञ᳓स्य केतु᳓म् इन्धते
य᳓द् ध स्य᳓ मा᳓नुषो ज᳓नः
सुम्नायु᳓र् जुह्वे᳓ अध्वरे᳓
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
náraḥ ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}
sajóṣaḥ ← sajóṣas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:SG}
tvā ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:SG}
indhate ← √idh- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
ketúm ← ketú- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
yajñásya ← yajñá- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
ha ← ha (invariable)
jánaḥ ← jána- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
mā́nuṣaḥ ← mā́nuṣa- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
syá ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
adhvaré ← adhvará- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
juhvé ← √hu- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
sumnāyúḥ ← sumnāyú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
स॒ऽजोषः॑ । त्वा॒ । दि॒वः । नरः॑ । य॒ज्ञस्य॑ । के॒तुम् । इ॒न्ध॒ते॒ ।
यत् । ह॒ । स्य । मानु॑षः । जनः॑ । सु॒म्न॒ऽयुः । जु॒ह्वे । अ॒ध्व॒रे ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- sajoṣas ← sajoṣaḥ ← sajoṣas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “consentaneous; combined; associated; united.”
- tvā ← tvad
- [noun], accusative, singular
- “you.”
- divo ← divaḥ ← div
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- naro ← naraḥ ← nṛ
- [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
- “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
- yajñasya ← yajña
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
- ketum ← ketu
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”
- indhate ← indh
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”
- yad ← yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- dha ← ha
- [adverb]
- “indeed; ha [word].”
- sya ← tya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “that.”
- mānuṣo ← mānuṣaḥ ← mānuṣa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “human.”
- janaḥ ← jana
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
- sumnāyur ← sumnāyuḥ ← sumnāyu
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “gracious.”
- juhve ← hu
- [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
- “sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”
- adhvare ← adhvara
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने सजोषः सजोषसः सह प्रीयमाणाः दिवः स्तुतेः नरः नेतार ऋत्विजः यज्ञस्य केतुं प्रज्ञापकं त्वा त्वाम् इन्धते समिद्धं कुर्वन्ति । कदेति चेदुच्यते । यद्ध यदा खलु स्यः सः मानुषः मनोरपत्यभूतः जनः जातो यजमानो होता वा सुम्नायुः सुम्नं सुखमात्मन इच्छन् अध्वरे हिंसाप्रत्यवायरहिते यज्ञे जुह्वे त्वामाह्वयति तदेत्यर्थः ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“The offerers of praise, sympathizing in satisfaction, kindle you the banner of the sacrifice, when man, the descendant of Manu, desiring happiness, invokes you to the rite.”
Jamison Brereton
In concert the men of heaven kindle you as beacon of the sacrifice, when the human race here, seeking favor, has called upon (you) in the ceremony.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The standard tr. take juhvé to √hu ‘pour, offer’, but this causes a problem with the main cl. verb, the pres. indhate ‘kindle’, if we assume that the pf. of √hu has some kind of preterital sense. It does not make ritual sense to offer the melted butter in the fire before kindling it. Geldner avoids the problem by translating with a present, but this is ad hoc. With Sāyaṇa. I take the verb to √hvā ‘call’ instead, since invocations can be and regularly are made after the fire is kindled. Although Kümmel follows the √hu interpr. (605), he admits that the alternative should be seriously considered (n. 1316).
It might be objected that a pf. to the seṭ root √hvā should be read trisyllabically (juhu ve), as it indeed is in X.149.5, but as Kümmel points out (n. 1317), an undoubted 3rd sg. pf. to √hvā, juhve in I.32.6, is disyllabic. (The sequencing of actions problem with √idh – √hu could be avoided if the former means something like ‘fan the flames’, an action that could indeed follow the pouring of the butter into a banked fire. But I don’t know that we have any evidence for this sense – beyond the fact that indhate belongs to a pres. stem and could have durative value.) For further support for my interpr. of this vs. see immed. below.
Griffith
Of one accord men kindle thee Heaven’s signal of the sacrifice,
When, craving bliss, this race of man invites thee to the solemn rite.
Geldner
Dich, das Wahrzeichen des Opfers, entflammen einträglich die Mannen des Himmels, wenn dieses Menschenkind deine Gunst begehrend im Gottesdienst opfert.
Grassmann
Des Himmels Männer zünden dich, des Opfers Licht, vereinigt an, Sobald das menschliche Geschlecht beim Feste opfert liebevoll.
Elizarenkova
Единодушно мужи неба
Зажигают тебя, как знамя жертвы,
Когда этот род человеческий,
Ищущий (твоей) милости, совершает жертвенное возлияние при обряде.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- अनुष्टुप्
- गान्धारः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वान् ! (सजोषः) तुल्य प्रीति के सेवन करनेवाले (दिवः) सत्य की कामना करते हुए (नरः) नायक जन (यज्ञस्य) न्यायव्यवहार की (केतुम्) बुद्धि को और (त्वा) आपको (इन्धते) प्रकाशित करते हैं और (यत्) जिससे (ह) निश्चय करके (स्यः) वह (मानुषः) विचारशील और (सुम्नायुः) सुख की कामना करनेवाले (जनः) प्रसिद्ध मनुष्य आप (अध्वरे) अहिंसारूप में वर्त्तमान होते हो, उसकी मैं (जुह्वे) स्पर्द्धा करता हूँ ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - उसी का सङ्ग मनुष्यों को करना चाहिये, जिसकी धार्मिक विद्वान् जन प्रशंसा करें ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे विद्वन् ! सजोषो दिवो नरो यज्ञस्य केतुं त्वा त्वामिन्धते यद्ध स्यो मानुषः सुम्नायुर्जनस्त्वमध्वरे वर्त्तसे तमहं जुह्वे ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (सजोषः) समानप्रीतिसेविनः (त्वा) त्वाम् (दिवः) सत्यं कामयमानाः (नरः) नेतारः (यज्ञस्य) न्यायव्यवहारस्य (केतुम्) प्रज्ञाम् (इन्धते) प्रकाशन्ते (यत्) यतः (ह) खलु (स्यः) सः (मानुषः) मननशीलः (जनः) प्रसिद्धः (सुम्नायुः) सुखं कामुकः (जुह्वे) स्पर्द्धे (अध्वरे) अहिंसामये ॥३॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - तस्यैव सङ्गो मनुष्यैः कर्त्तव्यो यं धार्म्मिका विद्वांसः प्रशंसेयुः ॥३॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - धार्मिक विद्वान लोक ज्याची प्रशंसा करतात त्याच माणसाची सर्वांनी संगती धरावी. ॥ ३ ॥
04 ऋधद्यस्ते सुदानवे - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
ऋ᳓धद् य᳓स् ते सुदा᳓नवे
धिया᳓ म᳓र्तः शश᳓मते
ऊती᳓ ष᳓ बृहतो᳓ दिवो᳓
द्विषो᳓ अं᳓हो न᳓ तरति
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
ऋध॒द्यस्ते॑ सु॒दान॑वे धि॒या मर्तः॑ श॒शम॑ते ।
ऊ॒ती ष बृ॑ह॒तो दि॒वो द्वि॒षो अंहो॒ न त॑रति ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
ऋ᳓धद् य᳓स् ते सुदा᳓नवे
धिया᳓ म᳓र्तः शश᳓मते
ऊती᳓ ष᳓ बृहतो᳓ दिवो᳓
द्विषो᳓ अं᳓हो न᳓ तरति
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ŕ̥dhat ← √r̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
sudā́nave ← sudā́nu- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG}
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
dhiyā́ ← dhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
mártaḥ ← márta- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
śaśámate ← √śamⁱ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:PRF, voice:MED}
br̥hatáḥ ← br̥hánt- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ūtī́ ← ūtí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
áṁhaḥ ← áṁhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
dviṣáḥ ← dvíṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
tarati ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
ऋध॑त् । यः । ते॒ । सु॒ऽदान॑वे । धि॒या । मर्तः॑ । श॒शम॑ते ।
ऊ॒ती । सः । बृ॒ह॒तः । दि॒वः । द्वि॒षः । अंहः॑ । न । त॒र॒ति॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- ṛdhad ← ṛdhat ← ṛdh
- [verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.
- “boom; stick to.”
- yas ← yaḥ ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- te ← tvad
- [noun], dative, singular
- “you.”
- sudānave ← sudānu
- [noun], dative, singular, masculine
- “big; lavish.”
- dhiyā ← dhī
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”
- martaḥ ← marta
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “man.”
- śaśamate ← śam
- [verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)
- “calm; go out; end; die; pacify; heal; labor; make peace; rest.”
- ūtī ← ūti
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “aid; favor; ūti [word].”
- ṣa ← sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- bṛhato ← bṛhataḥ ← bṛhat
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”
- divo ← divaḥ ← div
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- dviṣo ← dviṣaḥ ← dviṣ
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- “hate; dviṣ; hostility; hostility.”
- aṃho ← aṃhaḥ ← aṃhas
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “trouble; sin.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- tarati ← tṛ
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
ऋधत् । स यजमान ऋध्नुयात् हे अग्ने सुदानवे शोभनदानाय तुभ्यम् ॥ षष्ठ्यर्थं चतुर्थी ॥ तव संबन्धिना धिया कर्मणा यः मर्तः मरणधर्मा यजमानः शशमते शाम्यति । यद्वा । शमतिः स्तुतिकर्मा । त्वदर्थं कर्मणा युक्तः सन् स्तौति । सः यजमानः बृहतः महतः दिवः दीप्तस्य तव संबन्धिन्या ऊती ऊत्या रक्षया द्विषः द्वेष्टॄन् अंहो न आहननशीलं पापमिव तरति अतिक्रामति ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“May the mortal prosper who propitiates you (his) benefactor, by holy rites; through the protection of you who are resplendent, he overcomes those who hate him, as if they were mortal sins.”
Jamison Brereton
The mortal who will bring (the sacrifice) to fulfillment with his insight and will perform ritual labor for you of good gifts,
with the help of lofty heaven he crosses hatreds like narrow straits.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The problematic form in this vs. is the first word ṛ́dhat. It clearly belongs with the root aor. attested primarily in the opt. (ṛdhyā́ma, etc.) but also found once in the participle ṛdhánt-, with expected suffixal accent. It is the root accent that distinguishes the form here. Oldenberg (ZDMG 55.279 = KlSch 738; also Noten) suggests that it is a neut. part. used adverbially, with accent shift (*ṛdhát à ṛ́dhat) – claiming that adverbial accent shift can go either way, simply marking an oppositional formation. But the standard exx. (dravát to drávati) involve a rightward shift, and in any case the whole notion of adverbial accent shift has recently been called into question (see Emily Barth’s Cornell diss.). Renou considers both possibilities and opts finally for the adverb, while Geldner takes it as a finite form. I prefer to take it as an aor.
subjunctive (see also Lubotsky, Concordance, where it is so identified) parallel to śaśámate. Although I cannot entirely explain the zero-grade root syllable for expected full-grade *árdhat (though see below), I can suggest a local explanation for the (supposedly) unexpected root accent. The next hymn contains the hapax verbalgoverning cmpd. ṛdhád-vāra- ‘bringing wishes to success’. Whatever the original grammatical identity of the 1st members of this fairly common cmpd. type, synchronically they appear to be neut. sg. participles in -át with accent consistently on the suffix (type bharád-vāja- [in fact, the name of the poet of this hymn and of the VIth Maṇḍala in general], dhārayát-kavi-, etc.; see AiG II.1.317-20), and the verbal stems from which they are derived regularly are accented one syllable to the left. So, for the examples just given, 1st class pres. bhárati, -áya-formation dhāráyati, etc. I would therefore suggest that our poet, who had ṛdhát-vāra- in his repertoire, backformed the root-accented finite form ṛ́dhat on this model. A possibly simpler alternative is to begin with a hypothetical root aorist paradigm, whose injunctive act.
sg. *árdham, *árd/t, *árd/t should have full grade and root accent and whose subjunctive should likewise have both: *árdhā(ni), *árdhas(i), *árdhat(i) (cf. injunc.
kár and subj. kárati, e.g.). As it happens, the root aor. of √ṛdh is attested only in forms where we expect zero-grade root and suffixal accent, but the starred forms just given are the paradigmatically expected act. sg. forms. Under this explanation, the root accent of subjunctive *ṛ́dhat is not the problem; its zero grade is. And we can explain that either by the influence (at time of composition or of redaction) of ṛdhádvāra- in VI.3.2 or by the absence of other attested full-grade verbal forms to this root (though cf. gerundive árdhya-) and consequent generalization of the zero-grade. Of the two explanations just given, I mildly favor the first - in part because the poet Bharadvāja would have been acutely aware of the accentual properties of his name.
A minor support for the interpr. of ṛ́dhat as finite subjunctive, not adverbially used participle is provided by formulaics. As Renou sketches, √ṛdh can take yajñám as object; cf. X.110.2 mánmāni dhībhír utá yajñám r̥ndhán “bringing the thoughts and the sacrifice to fulfillment through his visionary thoughts.” The VP yajñám √ṛdh “bring sacrifice to fulfillment” can be seen as a variant of simplex √yaj ‘sacrifice’, and √yaj and √śam form a conjoined pair for our poet in nearby hymns: VI.1.9 só agne īje śaśame ca márto “O Agni, that mortal has sacrificed and ritually labored” and VI.3.2 (the same vs. that contains ṛdhádvāra-) ījé yajñébhiḥ śaśamé śámībhiḥ “he has sacrificed with sacrifices, he has labored with ritual labors.” X.110.2 quoted above also suggests that, despite the pāda break, dhiyā́in our passage is better construed with ṛ́dhat as in the published translation than with śaśamate with, e.g., Geldner “… (und) mit Andacht den Dienst versieht.” Note the sandhi ūtī́ṣá, with retroflexion despite the lack of a close syntactic connection, as well as the unusual position of ordinarily pāda-init. sá. An incomplete collection of relevant passages shows that this retroflexion of non-initial sá in ruki contexts is standard but not invariable: IV.26.4 prá sú ṣá …, VI.2.4 ūtī́ṣá …, VI.14.1 bhásan nú ṣá …, VI.20.5 urú ṣá …, VII.104.10 ní ṣá …, VIII.20.16 abhí ṣá …, IX.73.8 trī́ṣá …, IX.79.3 … arír hí ṣá. But I.64.13 prá nū́sá …, without ruki.
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Jamison Brereton Notes
These two vss. are in some ways an expansion of VI.1.9: 4ab are the equivalent of VI.1.9a (for disc. see below); 5ab corresponds to VI.1.9bc. Note esp.
VI.1.9b yás ta ā́naṭ samídhā havyádātim “who after kindling you [lit. with the kindling of you] has achieved your oblation-giving” and VI.2.5ab samídhā yás ta ā́hutiṃ, níśitim mártyo náśat “The mortal who after kindling (you) [lit. with the kindling (of you)] will achieve the offering to you and the whetting of you.” (A side note: havyádātim in VI.1.9b is the counterpart of ā́hutim in VI.2.5a, but note that
Griffith
Let the man thrive who travails sore, in prayer, far thee the Bountiful.
He with the help of lofty Dyaus comes safe through straits of enmity.
Geldner
Der Sterbliche, der es dir, dem Gabenschönen, recht macht und mit Andacht den Dienst versieht, der kommt durch die Gnade des hohen Himmels über die Anfeindungen wie über die Not hinweg.
Grassmann
Der Mann gedeihet, welcher dir, dem reichen, dienet andachtsvoll; Er, durch des grossen Himmels Schutz, durchsetzt den Feind wie eine Schlucht.
Elizarenkova
Смертный, который удачно трудится с помощью молитвы
Для тебя, обладающего прекрасными дарами, –
Благодаря поддержке высокого неба
Он пересекает проявления враждебности, словно узкое место.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- अनुष्टुप्
- गान्धारः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वन् ! (यः) जो (मर्त्तः) मनुष्य (धिया) बुद्धि से (सुदानवे) उत्तम दान करनेवाले (ते) आपके लिये (ऋधत्) उत्तम प्रकार ऋद्धि करे तथा (शशमते) शान्त हो (सः) वह (ऊती) रक्षण आदि कर्म्म से (बृहतः) बड़े (दिवः) कामना करते हुओं के (द्विषः) शत्रु का (अंहः) अपराध (न) जैसे वैसे (तरति) पार होता है ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य धर्मात्मा जनों के लिये सुख देनेवाले होवें, वे जैसे धार्मिक जन पाप का नाश करते हैं, वैसे ही शत्रुओं का उल्लङ्घन करते हैं ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे विद्वन् ! यो मर्त्तो धिया सुदानवे त ऋधच्छशमते स ऊती बृहतो दिवो द्विषोंऽहो न तरति ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ऋधत्) ऋध्नुयात् समर्द्धयेत् (यः) (ते) तुभ्यम् (सुदानवे) उत्तमदानकर्त्रे (धिया) प्रज्ञया (मर्त्तः) मनुष्यः (शशमते) शाम्येत् (ऊती) ऊत्या रक्षादिकर्म्मणा (सः) (बृहतः) (दिवः) कामयमानान् (द्विषः) शत्रोः (अंहः) अपराधः (न) इव (तरति) ॥४॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्या धर्म्मात्मभ्यः सुखप्रदाः स्युस्ते यथा धार्मिकाः पापं त्यजन्ति तथैव शत्रूनुल्लङ्घयन्ति ॥४॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जसे धार्मिक लोक पापाचा नाश करतात तसे जी माणसे धार्मिक लोकांना सुख देतात ती शत्रूंचे उल्लंघन करतात. ॥ ४ ॥
05 समिधा यस्त - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
समि᳓धा य᳓स् त आ᳓हुतिं
नि᳓शितिम् म᳓र्तियो न᳓शत्
वया᳓वन्तं स᳓ पुष्यति
क्ष᳓यम् अग्ने शता᳓युषम्
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
स॒मिधा॒ यस्त॒ आहु॑तिं॒ निशि॑तिं॒ मर्त्यो॒ नश॑त् ।
व॒याव॑न्तं॒ स पु॑ष्यति॒ क्षय॑मग्ने श॒तायु॑षम् ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
समि᳓धा य᳓स् त आ᳓हुतिं
नि᳓शितिम् म᳓र्तियो न᳓शत्
वया᳓वन्तं स᳓ पुष्यति
क्ष᳓यम् अग्ने शता᳓युषम्
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ā́hutim ← ā́huti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
samídhā ← samídh- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
yáḥ ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
mártyaḥ ← mártya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
náśat ← √naś- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
níśitim ← níśiti- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
puṣyati ← √puṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
sá ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vayā́vantam ← vayā́vant- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
agne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
kṣáyam ← kṣáya- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
śatā́yuṣam ← śatā́yus- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
स॒म्ऽइधा॑ । यः । ते॒ । आऽहु॑तिम् । निऽशि॑तिम् । मर्त्यः॑ । नश॑त् ।
व॒याऽव॑न्तम् । सः । पु॒ष्य॒ति॒ । क्षय॑म् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । श॒तऽआ॑युषम् ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- samidhā ← samidh
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “firewood; kindling; fuel; fire.”
- yas ← yaḥ ← yad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “who; which; yat [pronoun].”
- ta ← te ← tvad
- [noun], dative, singular
- “you.”
- āhutiṃ ← āhutim ← āhuti
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “āhuti; offering.”
- niśitim ← niśiti
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- martyo ← martyaḥ ← martya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
- naśat ← naś
- [verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
- “reach; achieve; enter (a state); reach.”
- vayāvantaṃ ← vayāvantam ← vayāvat
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- sa ← tad
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- puṣyati ← puṣ
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “boom; grow; promote; foster.”
- kṣayam ← kṣaya
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “dwelling; house; kṣaya [word]; home; family.”
- agne ← agni
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
- śatāyuṣam ← śata
- [noun], neuter
- “hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”
- śatāyuṣam ← āyuṣam ← āyus
- [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
- “life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने, समिधा समिन्धनहेतुभूतेनेध्मेन सह ते त्वदीयां निशितिं निशितां तनूकृतां मन्त्रसंस्कृताम् आहुतिं यः मर्त्यः मनुष्यः नशत् व्याप्नुयात् । नशतिर्व्याप्तिकर्मा । सः मनुष्यो यजमानः वयावन्तम् । वयाः शाखाः पुत्रपौत्रादिलक्षणाः । तद्युक्तं शतायुषं बहुविधान्नं चिरकालजीवनं वा क्षयं गृहं पुष्यति पोषयति वर्धयति । तत्र चिरकालमवतिष्ठत इत्यर्थः ॥ ॥ १ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“The mortal who feeds your consecrated burnt offering with fuel enjoys, Agni, a dwelling peopled with descendants, and a life of a hundred years.”
Jamison Brereton
The mortal who after kindling (you) will achieve the offering to you and the whetting of you,
he prospers his dwelling place, (so that it has many) branches and
hundred(-year) lifespans, o Agni.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The two adjectives vayā́vantam and śatā́yuṣam are best taken as proleptic, with Geldner and Renou
For extensive disc. of this vss., see comm. ad VI.2.4-5 above.
04-05 ...{Loading}...
Jamison Brereton Notes
These two vss. are in some ways an expansion of VI.1.9: 4ab are the equivalent of VI.1.9a (for disc. see below); 5ab corresponds to VI.1.9bc. Note esp.
VI.1.9b yás ta ā́naṭ samídhā havyádātim “who after kindling you [lit. with the kindling of you] has achieved your oblation-giving” and VI.2.5ab samídhā yás ta ā́hutiṃ, níśitim mártyo náśat “The mortal who after kindling (you) [lit. with the kindling (of you)] will achieve the offering to you and the whetting of you.” (A side note: havyádātim in VI.1.9b is the counterpart of ā́hutim in VI.2.5a, but note that
Griffith
The mortal who with fuel lights thy flame and offers unto thee,
Supports a house with many a branch, Agni, to live a hundred years.
Geldner
Welcher Sterbliche es fertig gebracht hat, dir mit Brennholz zu opfern um dich anzufachen, der mehrt sein Haus, daß es sich weit verzweigt und man hundert Jahre lebt, o Agni.
Grassmann
Der Mann, der durch Entzünden dir des Opfers Guss und Glut verschafft, Der erntet nahrungsreichen Sitz, und, Agni, hundertfache Kraft.
Elizarenkova
Смертный, который с помощью дров (для костра)
Успешно приносит тебе возлияние и раздувает (тебя), -
Он добивается процветания (своего) дома, о Агни,
Так что тот ветвится и живет сто лет.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृदनुष्टुप्
- गान्धारः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अग्ने) विद्वन् जन ! (यः) जो (मर्त्यः) मनुष्य (समिधा) अग्नि को प्रदीप्त करनेवाले वस्तु से (ते) आपके लिये (निशितिम्) तीक्ष्ण अतितीव्र (आहुतिम्) आहुति को (नशत्) व्याप्त होता है (सः) वह (वयावन्तम्) बहुत पदार्थों से युक्त (क्षयम्) और गृह (शतायुषम्) सौ वर्ष पर्य्यन्त जीवनेवाले को प्राप्त होकर (पुष्यति) पुष्ट होता है ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य विद्वानों की सेवा से उत्तम गुण, कर्म्म और स्वभाववालों को प्राप्त होते हैं, वे सुख की वृद्धि और अतिकाल पर्य्यन्त जीवन से युक्त और अच्छे गृहोंवाले होकर शरीर और आत्मा से पुष्ट होते हैं ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! यो मर्त्यः समिधा ते निशितिमाहुतिं नशत् स वयावन्तं क्षयं शतायुषं प्राप्य पुष्यति ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (समिधा) प्रदीपिकया (यः) (ते) तुभ्यम् (आहुतिम्) (निशितिम्) तीक्ष्णाम् (मर्त्यः) मनुष्यः (नशत्) व्याप्नोति। नशदिति व्याप्तिकर्म्मा। (निघं०२.१८) (वयावन्तम्) बहुपदार्थयुक्तम् (सः) (पुष्यति) (क्षयम्) गृहम् (अग्ने) विद्वन् (शतायुषम्) शतवर्षजीविनम् ॥५॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्या विद्वत्सेवया शुभगुणकर्मस्वभावान् प्राप्नुवन्ति ते वृद्धसुखा चिरञ्जीविनः सुन्दरगृहाश्च भूत्वा शरीरात्मभ्यां पुष्टा जायन्ते ॥५॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे विद्वानांची सेवा करून उत्तम स्वभावाची बनतात ती सुखाची वृद्धी करून दीर्घजीवी होतात व चांगली घरे प्राप्त करून शरीर व आत्म्याने पुष्ट होतात. ॥ ५ ॥
06 त्वेषस्ते धूम - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
त्वेष᳓स् ते धूम᳓ ऋण्वति
दिवि᳓ ष᳓ञ् छुक्र᳓ आ᳓ततः
सू᳓रो न᳓ हि᳓ द्युता᳓ तुवं᳓
कृपा᳓ पवाक+ रो᳓चसे
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वे॒षस्ते॑ धू॒म ऋ॑ण्वति दि॒वि षञ्छु॒क्र आत॑तः ।
सूरो॒ न हि द्यु॒ता त्वं कृ॒पा पा॑वक॒ रोच॑से ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
त्वेष᳓स् ते धूम᳓ ऋण्वति
दिवि᳓ ष᳓ञ् छुक्र᳓ आ᳓ततः
सू᳓रो न᳓ हि᳓ द्युता᳓ तुवं᳓
कृपा᳓ पवाक+ रो᳓चसे
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
dhūmáḥ ← dhūmá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
r̥ṇvati ← √r̥- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
tveṣáḥ ← tveṣá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ā́tataḥ ← √tan- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}
diví ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
sán ← √as- 1 (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
śukráḥ ← śukrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
dyutā́ ← dyút- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
hí ← hí (invariable)
ná ← ná (invariable)
sū́raḥ ← sū́ra- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
kr̥pā́ ← kŕ̥p- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}
pāvaka ← pāvaká- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
rócase ← √ruc- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}
पद-पाठः
त्वे॒षः । ते॒ । धू॒मः । ऋ॒ण्व॒ति॒ । दि॒वि । सन् । शु॒क्रः । आऽत॑तः ।
सूरः॑ । न । हि । द्यु॒ता । त्वम् । कृ॒पा । पा॒व॒क॒ । रोच॑से ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tveṣas ← tveṣaḥ ← tveṣa
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “awful; brilliant; aglitter(p); bright.”
- te ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, singular
- “you.”
- dhūma ← dhūmaḥ ← dhūma
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “smoke; dhūmavedha; carbon black; dhūmana; mist; vapor; vaporization; dhūma [word]; incense.”
- ṛṇvati ← ṛch
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “enter (a state); travel; shoot; send; hit; originate; get; raise; begin; harm.”
- divi ← div
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- ṣañ ← san ← as
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
- chukra ← śukraḥ ← śukra
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “bright; clear; white; light; pure.”
- ātataḥ ← ātan ← √tan
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “expand; prolong; chant; inflate.”
- sūro ← sūraḥ ← svar
- [adverb]
- “sun; sky; sunlight.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- dyutā ← dyut
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “beam.”
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- kṛpā ← kṛp
- [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
- “kṛp.”
- pāvaka
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; Plumbago zeylanica; vahni.”
- rocase ← ruc
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “please; shine.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने त्वेषः दीप्तस्य ते तव शुक्रः निर्मलः शुभ्रवर्णो वा धूमः दिवि अन्तरिक्षे आततः विस्तीर्णः सन् ऋण्वति मेघात्मना परिणतो गच्छति । अपि च हे पावक शोधकाग्ने सूरो न सूर्य इव कृपा अभिमुखीकरणसमर्थया स्तुत्या स्तूयमानः त्वं द्युता दीप्त्या रोचसे हि दीप्यसे खलु ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“The pure smoke of you the resplendent spreads through the firmament, matures (in clouds), and you, the purifier, shine with radiance like the sun, when propitiated by praise.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Shine with radiance: dyutā tvam kṛpā rocase, you shine with light by praise; kṛpā may also denote dīptyā, with lustre; here, it is explained as stutyā, by praise, by that which is able to compel the presence of a deity, abhimukhīkaraṇa sāmarthya (Nirukta 6,8); kṛp also means to be able or capable, sāmarthyena, diptyā vā, by ability, power, or by lustre
Jamison Brereton
Your smoke, when it is in heaven, is turbulent in motion, stretched out (there) gleaming,
for you shine with your body, o pure one, like the sun with its brilliance.
Jamison Brereton Notes
Just as in VI.1.2 there is a nom. sg. masc. pres. part. sán without any obvious concessive value; unlike VI.1.2 there is no metrical explanation available. The close sandhi in the phrase diví ṣán might seem to give us a clue – that the two words should be read as a constituent and are the equivalent of a circumstantial clause: constituency could account for the ruki. This is responsible for my tr. “when it is in heaven” (sim. Geldner), instead of construing diví with ā́tataḥ like Renou (“s’étendant au ciel”). However, assembling the retroflexion data both for sán/sát in a ruki environment and for diví with following s- weakens this hypothesis. In the former case sán/sád generally doesn’t exhibit retroflexion; see III.9.2 dūré sán, IV.15.1 vājī́ sán, IV.27.1 nú sán, VIII.43.9 gárbhe sán (though the first and third phrases are constituents); V.44.3 sacate sád, VI.27.2 máde sád + niṣádi sát + vividre sád, X.129.1 nó sád. However, there is retroflexion in II.41.10 abhī́ṣád; ánti ṣád IV.5.10, VIII.73.1 (though the two forms don’t form a syntactic constituent in any of these passages) and in IX.61.10 diví ṣád (almost exactly our phrase). In other words, the data are equivocal. On the other hand, the loc. diví regularly retroflexes the initial sof forms of √as, as here: I.108.11 diví ṣṭhó [dual verb], V.2.10 diví ṣantu, V.60.6 diví ṣṭhá, VI.33.5 diví ṣyāma, and the just cited IX.61.10 (cf. also VI.52.13 dyávi ṣṭha), though it does not retroflex other initial s-s; cf. I.125.6 diví sū́ryasya, V.27.6 = V.85.2 diví sū́ryam, V.35.8 diví stómam, VIII.56.5 diví sū́ryo, X.75.3 diví svanó, X.85.1 diví sómo. It thus appears that the retroflexion of ṣán here is an automatic product of a rule that induces ruki in s-initial forms of the verb ‘to be’ after diví and does not give information – or at least high-quality information – about constituency.
I have no idea why √as should exhibit this behavior; it cannot be due to (lack of) accent, since several of the ruki-ed forms are accented (including the one here).
Michael Weiss comments: “But maybe it was despite its accent somehow a clitic just as there are accented 2nd pos. clit. This reminds me of the loss of s in Oldenberg Latin comedy which is especially well attested before the verb ‘to be’.”
Griffith
Thy bright smoke lifts itself aloft, and far-extended shines in heaven.
For, Purifier! like the Sun thou beamest with thy radiant glow.
Geldner
Heftig steigt dein Rauch auf, hell sich ausbreitend, wenn er am Himmel ist, denn wie die Sonne in ihrem Glanz, so leuchtest du in deiner Schönheit, du Lauterer.
Grassmann
Es wirbelt auf dein heller Rauch am Himmel leuchtend, ausgedehnt; Denn du erstrahlst, o Flammender, an Glanz und Ansehn sonnengleich.
Elizarenkova
Вздымается твой грозный дым,
Светло распространяясь, когда он на небе:
Ведь словно солнце сиянием,
Светишь ты (своим) обликом, о очищающий!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृदनुष्टुप्
- गान्धारः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर वह अग्नि कैसा है, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे (ते)उसका (सूरः) सूर्य्य (न) जैसे वैसे (त्वेषः) प्रदीप्त (धूमः) धूम (शुक्रः) शुद्धि का करनेवाला (आततः) व्याप्त (सन्) होता हुआ (दिवि) प्रकाश में (ऋण्वति) चलता है, वैसे (हि) ही (त्वम्) आप (द्युता) प्रकाश और (कृपा) कृपा से (पावक) अग्नि के सदृश वर्त्तमान हुए (रोचसे) प्रकाशित होते हो ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमा और वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार हैं। हे विद्वान् जनो ! जिस अग्नि के धूम से वायु आदि पदार्थ शुद्ध होते हैं और जो सूर्य्य आदि का कारण है, उसकी विद्या को प्राप्त होकर उत्तम गुणों में आप लोग प्रकाशित हूजिये ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यथा ते सूरो न त्वेषो धूमः शुक्र आततः सन् दिव्यृण्वति तथा हि त्वं द्युता कृपा पावक इव वर्त्तमानः सन् रोचसे ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनः सोऽग्निः कीदृश इत्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वेषः) प्रदीप्तः (ते) तस्य। अत्र पुरुषव्यत्ययः। (धूमः) (ऋण्वति) गच्छति। ऋण्वतीति गतिकर्मा। (निघं०२.४) (दिवि) प्रकाशे (सन्) वर्त्तमानः (शुक्रः) शुद्धिकरः (आततः) व्याप्तः (सूरः) सूर्यः (न) इव (हि) एव (द्युता) प्रकाशेन (त्वम्) (कृपा) कृपया (पावक) पावक इव वर्त्तमान (रोचसे) प्रकाशसे ॥६॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमावाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारौ । हे विद्वांसो ! यस्याग्नेर्धूमेन वाय्वादयः पदार्थाः शुद्धा जायन्ते यत् सूर्य्यादेः कारणमस्ति तद्विद्यां प्राप्य शुभगुणेषु भवन्तः प्रकाशन्ताम् ॥६॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमा व वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहेत. हे विद्वानांनो ! ज्या अग्नीच्या धुराने वायू इत्यादी पदार्थ शुद्ध होतात, जो सूर्य इत्यादीचे कारण आहे, त्याची विद्या प्राप्त करून उत्तम गुणांनी प्रसिद्ध व्हा. ॥ ६ ॥
07 अधा हि - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ᳓धा हि᳓ विक्षु᳓ ई᳓डियो
अ᳓सि प्रियो᳓ नो अ᳓तिथिः
रण्वः᳓ पुरी᳓व जू᳓रियः
सूनु᳓र् न᳓ त्रयया᳓यियः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अधा॒ हि वि॒क्ष्वीड्योऽसि॑ प्रि॒यो नो॒ अति॑थिः ।
र॒ण्वः पु॒री॑व॒ जूर्यः॑ सू॒नुर्न त्र॑य॒याय्यः॑ ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
अ᳓धा हि᳓ विक्षु᳓ ई᳓डियो
अ᳓सि प्रियो᳓ नो अ᳓तिथिः
रण्वः᳓ पुरी᳓व जू᳓रियः
सूनु᳓र् न᳓ त्रयया᳓यियः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ádha ← ádha (invariable)
hí ← hí (invariable)
ī́ḍyaḥ ← ī́ḍya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
vikṣú ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}
ási ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
átithiḥ ← átithi- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
priyáḥ ← priyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
iva ← iva (invariable)
jū́ryaḥ ← jū́rya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
purí ← púr- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:SG}
raṇváḥ ← raṇvá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
sūnúḥ ← sūnú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
trayayā́yyaḥ ← trayayā́yya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
अध॑ । हि । वि॒क्षु । ईड्यः॑ । असि॑ । प्रि॒यः । नः॒ । अति॑थिः ।
र॒ण्वः । पु॒रिऽइ॑व । जूर्यः॑ । सू॒नुः । न । त्र॒य॒याय्यः॑ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- adhā ← adha
- [adverb]
- “then; and; therefore; now.”
- hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- vikṣv ← vikṣu ← viś
- [noun], locative, plural
- “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
- īḍyo ← īḍyaḥ ← īḍ
- [verb noun], nominative, singular
- “praise; invite; raise.”
- ‘si ← asi ← as
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
- priyo ← priyaḥ ← priya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”
- no ← naḥ ← mad
- [noun], genitive, plural
- “I; mine.”
- atithiḥ ← atithi
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “guest; atithi [word]; Atithi.”
- raṇvaḥ ← raṇva
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “agreeable; happy; delightful; gay.”
- purīva ← puri ← pur
- [noun], locative, singular, feminine
- “fortress; pur [word]; town; purā [indecl.]; mahant.”
- purīva ← iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- jūryaḥ ← jūryas ← jṛ
- [verb noun], vocative, singular
- “jṛ; digest; age; cook; boil down; decay; decay; ripen.”
- sūnur ← sūnuḥ ← sūnu
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “son; offspring.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- trayayāyyaḥ ← trayayāyya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
सायण-भाष्यम्
अध अपि च विक्षु प्रजासु हे अग्ने त्वम् ईड्यः स्तुत्यः असि भवसि । हि यस्मादर्थे । यस्मादेवं तस्मात् नः अस्माकम् ‘अतिथिः । लुप्तोपममेतत् । अतिथिरिव प्रियः असि । यद्वा । हविर्वहनाय सततगामी भूत्वास्माकं प्रियोऽसि । तथा पुरीव नगर्यां जूर्यः जीर्णो वृद्धो हितोपदेष्टा राजेव रण्वः रमणीयो गन्तव्यो वा भवसि । तथा सूनुर्न पुत्र इव त्रययाय्यः यजमानैः त्रातव्यः पालयितव्यो भवसि । त्रायतेरेतद्रूपम् । यद्वैतत्सूनोर्विशेषणम् । विघातपःकर्मलक्षणं त्रयं यातीति त्रययाय्यः । यातेरौणादिक आय्यप्रत्ययः । स्पृहयाय्य इति यथा । अथवा त्रययाय्यो जन्मत्रयं प्राप्तः । जन्मत्रयं स्मर्यते-’ मातुरग्रेऽधिजननं द्वितीयं मौञ्जिबन्धनात् । तृतीयं यज्ञदीक्षाया इति जन्मत्रयं स्मृतम्’ (मनु. २. १६९) इति । तादृशः पुत्र इव रण्वो रमणीयोऽसि ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“You are now to be praised among the people, for you are our well beloved guest, venerated like an elder in the city, and to be cherished like a son.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Venerated like an elder in a city: raṇvaḥ purīva jūryaḥ sūnur na trayayāyyaḥ; the first part is interpreted nagaryām vṛddho hitopadeṣṭā rājā iva ramaṇīyaḥ, to be had recourse to as to an old rājā giving good council in a city; the second half, putra iva pālanīyaḥ, to be cherished like a son; or, trayayāyya may be explained as endowed with three merits, learning, penance, devotion; or one having had three births, the natural, investiture with the sacred string, and initiation or preparation for sacred rites, dīkṣā: māturagredhijananam dvitīyam bhaunjibandhanāt tṛtīyam yajña dīkṣāyā iti janmatrayam smṛtam (Manu. 2.169)
Jamison Brereton
For now you are to be reverently invoked among the clans, as our dear guest,
to be protected like a son who brings delight to the home, (but also) to be enflamed like a battle-lusty (warrior) in a stronghold.
Jamison Brereton Notes
The 2nd hemistich presents some interpretational problems, generated by the standard assumption that jū́rya- belongs to √jṛ ‘be/get old’. Not only is the expression “delightful like an aged one in his stronghold” odd, but such interpr.
require bleaching out the gerundive value of jū́rya- (esp. unlikely given that it’s parallel to trayayā́yyaḥ in d and ī́ḍyaḥ in a). Cf., e.g., Geldner’s “behaglich [cozy, snug] wie ein Greis in seiner Burg,” which also pushes raṇvá- into a meaning otherwise unknown to it. Renou’s “joyeux, tel un vieil (homme) dans la forteresse” maintains the meaning of raṇvá-, but the connection between it and the simile seems strained. Oldenberg (ZDMG 55: 279 = KlSch 738) cleverly suggests that there’s a crisscross word order, with the son of the simile in d appropriate to the adj. in c and vice versa: so something like (he doesn’t actually translate) “delightful like a son, to be protected like an old man in his stronghold.” But this is an ad hoc response to dissatisfaction with the apparent pragmatics of the passage.
These problems can be solved in twofold fashion. 1) I take raṇváḥ as a pun, a word common to both similes. In both cases it applies to Agni, but in two different senses. 2) This reinterpretation is enabled by a different analysis of jū́rya-. I take it to the root √jvar ‘burn, flame’, showing the same zero-grade as in jūrṇí- ‘firebrand’ (←*jvṛH-C, with loss of -v- before ū/u, as in urú- ← *vṛH-u). I can see no possible formal objection to this analysis, despite the apparently universal insistence that jū́rya- must belong to √jṛ.
Starting with these assumptions, we can take the two gerundives, jū́ryaḥ in c and trayayā́yyah in d, as the predicates of their respective pādas (as ī́ḍyaḥ is of pāda a). One of the drawbacks to the standard interpr. is that this syntactic parallelism is broken. In c the picture is of an battle-eager (warrior) (for a similar usage of raṇvásee X.115.4 and remember that ráṇa- means both ‘joy’ and ‘battle’) who is to be enflamed / set blazing; in the simile jū́rya- is metaphorical, but of course the word is literally applicable to Agni the fire, who is the upameya, the target of the simile. One minor problem with this interpr. is that the simile marker iva is in the wrong position: we would expect to find it after raṇvá-. But there are enough displaced simile markers in the RV that this positioning is not a major obstacle.
When applied to the simile in d, raṇvá- has its more usual meaning ‘delightful, bringing delight’, which is appropriate to the son and helps explain the desire to protect him. Here the published translation adds “to the home” to “a son who brings delight.” I made this addition because I think there’s a buried pun. On the one hand, in c raṇváḥ purí (“battle-lusty warrior in a fortress”) construes a locative with the subject (acdg. to my view of the constituency) and we might expect a similar loc. in the corresponding expression; on the other, raṇvá- in its meaning ‘delightful’ is often a descriptor of a home or construed with a loc. of ‘home’. Cf. I.69.4-5 raṇvó duroṇé “bringing joy to the house,” precisely of Agni. It may be that pūrí can be directly applied to the simile in d and in that context means ‘home’ – though I doubt it: RVic púr- does not have domestic associations. Instead I think that raṇvá- in the “protected son” context evokes duroṇé, and this subsurface evocation is realized in the next verse by the phonologically similar loc. dróṇe ‘wood(en) cup’. The unexpected and unusual use of dróṇa- in that vs. (for which see comm. ad loc.) suggests that it may have been deployed there in order to play on the unexpressed (*)duroṇé here. This may seem overclever; in that case the tr. could stop short at “to be protected like a son who brings delight.” In any case, it would probably better to put “to the home” in parens.
A last comment on the hemistich: I have tr. cd in the opposite order, so that the domestic half (d) immediately adjoins the “dear guest” of b. This is not necessary, but given that my interpr. of c involves a radical rethinking of the standard view, it seemed best to make the new reading easier to assimilate.
The gerundive of d, trayayā́yi ya-, is a hapax and a striking formation – in the first instance, just because of the rhythmic rollout of -VyV- sequences. With regard to its derivation, as Debrunner points out (AiG II.2.285-86), it seems to pattern with
-ā́yya- gerundives built to -áya-stems: panayā́yya-, mahayā́yya-, spṛhayā́yya-.
However, there is no such verb stem *trayáya-. Debrunner adds the parenthetical remark “von v. Präs. trāya-,” but of course in that case we should expect *trāyā́yya-.
Both the short root vowel and the extra -ya- remain unexplained by that derivation. I have only the wispiest gestures towards an explanation. For √trā we would probably expect an -áya-formation *trāpaya-; however, it might have followed the model of √pā and √pyā with a -y-hiatus filler instead (pāyáyati and pyāyáyati [AV+] respectively), hence *trāyáyati. We might then invoke the tendency of roots with the shape CRā to shorten their root vowel in the p-causative, type jñapayati and, specifically with Crā root, śrapáyati (both AV+). For disc. see my 1983 monograph on the -áya-formations, pp. 208-11. So one might posit such a shortening to the differently formed causative to a CRā root *trayáyati, which could serve as base for our trayayā́yya- here (encouraged by the short root vowels of the -áya-stem -ā́yyagerundives quoted above). But the chain of assumptions and unattested forms seems too long, and we might instead just attribute trayayā́yi ya- to a poet’s whimsical multiplication of -ya-s – his version of tra-la-la. Michael Weiss suggests: “From i-extended form of *terh1- ‘rub’ (Lat. trivi, etc.), with double sense ‘to be rubbed’, i.e., caressed, and also referring to the fire drill?” This is an appealing suggestion, but the lack of other representatives of this root in IIr. might disfavor it.
Griffith
For in men’s houses thou must be glorified as a well-loved guest,
Gay like an elder in a fort, claiming protection like a son.
Geldner
Denn nun bist du unser lieber Gast, unter den Clanen anzurufen, behaglich wie ein Greis in seiner Burg, wie ein Sohn schutzbedürftig.
Grassmann
Denn du bist in den Häusern auch zu preisen uns als lieber Gast, Erfreulich wie im Schloss der Ahn, und zu behüten wie ein Sohn.
Elizarenkova
Ты ведь тут среди племен наш
Гость дорогой, достойный призывов,
Радостный, как старец в крепости,
Как сын, которого надо (еще) защищать.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृदुष्णिक्
- ऋषभः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को कैसा वर्त्ताव करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे विद्वन् ! (हि) जिस कारण से आप (विक्षु) प्रजाओं में (ईड्यः) स्तुति करने के योग्य और (नः) हम लोगों के (प्रियः) कामना करने योग्य (पुरीव) रमणीयपुरी के समान (रण्वः) रमण करता हुआ (जूर्य्यः) जीर्ण (त्रययाय्यः) रक्षक को प्राप्त होनेवाला (सूनुः) सन्तान (न) जैसे वैसे (अतिथिः) नहीं नियत तिथि जिसकी ऐसे (असि) हो, तिससे (अधा) इसके अनन्तर सत्कार करने योग्य हो ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । जैसे अतिथिजन प्रजाजनों से सत्कार करने योग्य होते और जैसे यहाँ माता और पिता से सन्तान पालन करने योग्य होते हैं, वैसे ही धार्म्मिक विद्वान् जन सत्कार करने योग्य होते हैं ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे विद्वन् ! हि त्वं विक्ष्वीड्यो नः प्रियः पुरीव रण्वो जूर्य्यस्त्रययाय्यः सूनुर्नाऽतिथिरसि तस्मादधा सत्कर्त्तव्योऽसि ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः कथं वर्त्तितव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अधा) अथ। अथ निपातस्य चेति दीर्घः। (हि) यतः (विक्षु) प्रजासु (ईड्यः) स्तोतुमर्हः (असि) (प्रियः) कमनीयः (नः) अस्माकम् (अतिथिः) अनियततिथिः (रण्वः) रममाणः (पुरीव) यथा रमणीया नगरी (जूर्य्यः) जीर्णः (सूनुः) अपत्यम् (न) इव (त्रययाय्यः) यस्त्रयं रक्षकं याति प्राप्नोति सः ॥७॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । यथाऽतिथयः प्रजाजनैः सत्कर्त्तव्याः सन्ति यथात्र मातापितृभ्यां सन्तानाः पालनीया भवन्ति तथाहि धार्मिका विद्वांसोऽर्चनीया भवन्ति ॥७॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपामालंकार आहे. जसे अतिथी प्रजाजनाकडून सत्कार करण्यायोग्य असतात व जसे माता-पिता संतानाचे पालन करतात तसेच धार्मिक विद्वान लोक सत्कार करण्यायोग्य असतात. ॥ ७ ॥
08 क्रत्वा हि - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
क्र᳓त्वा हि᳓ द्रो᳓णे अज्य᳓से
अ᳓ग्ने वाजी᳓ न᳓ कृ᳓त्वियः
प᳓रिज्मेव स्वधा᳓ ग᳓यो
अ᳓त्यो न᳓ ह्वारियः᳓ शि᳓शुः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
क्रत्वा॒ हि द्रोणे॑ अ॒ज्यसेऽग्ने॑ वा॒जी न कृत्व्यः॑ ।
परि॑ज्मेव स्व॒धा गयोऽत्यो॒ न ह्वा॒र्यः शिशुः॑ ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
क्र᳓त्वा हि᳓ द्रो᳓णे अज्य᳓से
अ᳓ग्ने वाजी᳓ न᳓ कृ᳓त्वियः
प᳓रिज्मेव स्वधा᳓ ग᳓यो
अ᳓त्यो न᳓ ह्वारियः᳓ शि᳓शुः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ajyáse ← √añj- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:PASS}
dróṇe ← dróṇa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
hí ← hí (invariable)
krátvā ← krátu- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
kŕ̥tvyaḥ ← kŕ̥tvya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
vājī́ ← vājín- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
gáyaḥ ← gáya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
iva ← iva (invariable)
párijmā ← párijman- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
svadhā́ ← svadhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}
átyaḥ ← átya- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
hvāryáḥ ← hvāryá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
śíśuḥ ← śíśu- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
क्रत्वा॑ । हि । द्रोणे॑ । अ॒ज्यसे॑ । अग्ने॑ । वा॒जी । न । कृत्व्यः॑ ।
परि॑ज्माऽइव । स्व॒धा । गयः॑ । अत्यः॑ । न । ह्वा॒र्यः । शिशुः॑ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- kratvā ← kratu
- [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
- “yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
- hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- droṇe ← droṇa
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “Droṇa; Droṇa; Droṇa; droṇa [word]; raven.”
- ajyase ← añj
- [verb], singular, Indikativ Pr¦s. Passiv
- “smear; anoint; mix; color.”
- ‘gne ← agne ← agni
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
- vājī ← vājin
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- kṛtvyaḥ ← kṛtvya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “confident.”
- parijmeva ← parijmā ← parijman
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “encompassing(a).”
- parijmeva ← iva
- [adverb]
- “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
- svadhā
- [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
- “free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”
- gayo ← gayaḥ ← gaya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “house; Gaya; family; Gaya; property; Gaya; wealth; livestock.”
- ’tyo ← atyaḥ ← atya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “horse; steed.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- hvāryaḥ ← hvārya
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “bird.”
- śiśuḥ ← śiśu
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “young; matutinal.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने क्रत्वा कर्मणा मन्थनरूपेण द्रोणे द्रुमे काष्ठेऽरण्यां विद्यमानस्त्वम् अज्यसे हि व्यज्यसे खलु । तथा वाजी न वेजनवानश्व इव कृत्व्यः । कृत्वीति कर्मनाम । हविर्वहनादीनां कर्मणां कर्ता । स यथा पुरुषं वहति तद्वद्धविर्वहनमग्नेरश्वसादृश्यम् । तथा परिज्मेव परितः सर्वत्र गन्ता वायुरिव दावानलादिरूपेण सर्वत्र गन्ता त्वं स्वधा । अन्ननामैतत् । अन्नं गयः गृहं च भवसि । उभयोर्दातेत्यर्थः । अपि च शिशुः जातमात्रो बालोऽपि त्वम् अत्यो न सततगामी जात्यश्व इव ह्वार्यः कुटिलमितस्ततो गन्तासि । ‘ह्वृ कौटिल्ये’ इत्यस्यैतद्रूपम् ॥।
Wilson
English translation:
“You are manifested in the timber, Agni, by the act of attrition; you are the bearer (of the oblation) as a horse (is of his rider); you are like the circumsambient wind; you are food and dwelling; you are like a (newborn) babe, and variable (in movement) as a horse.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
You are food and dwelling: svadhā gayaḥ = annam gṛham ca; bhavasi, you are is supplied
Jamison Brereton
For according to your purpose you are anointed in the wood(en cup) (like soma) [/in your home =hearth] [/driven into the wood(en cup)] like a prize-seeker who gets results.
(You are) encompassing like a household (that encompasses all its
members) through your independent power; (you are) made to go in circles like a young steed (being trained).
Jamison Brereton Notes
The voc. ágne was omitted in the published translation I would insert “o Agni” after “purpose.” Note that the first hemistich begins with krátvā and ends with kṛ́tvi yaḥ.
This vs. displays the same verbal intricacy as the immediately preceding vs. 7.
As also in vs. 7 the first hemistich is less complex than the second, but that doesn’t mean it lacks puzzles. The principal question is the root affiliation of ajyáse. With Geldner, I take it as a pun, as passive to both √añj ‘anoint’ and √aj ‘drive’ (Oldenberg opts for √aj, Renou for √añj)—a pun that we also find frequently in Maṇḍala IX. The primary connection is presumably to √añj: the ritual fire is “anointed” with the offering butter; cf. the nearby occurrences of the ppl. aktá- ‘anointed’ (VI.4.6, 5.6). But the loc. dróṇe casts a shadow on the clarity of this association. Though the stem dróṇais doubtless a deriv. of dā́ru-/drú- ‘wood’ (see EWA s.v.), it doesn’t refer to wood as a general material, much less to firewood. It is specialized as the (wooden) cup for soma; the stem is mostly limited to the Soma Maṇḍala, but even in its two other occurrences in VI (37.2, 44.20) it refers to the soma cup. Therefore, if we want to take dróṇe ajyáse here to mean something like “(the fire located) on the (fire-)wood is anointed,” we must take dróṇe as a specialized stand-in for váne or the like (see the passages assembled by Geldner in n. 8a; cf. also druṣádvā ‘sitting on the wood’ in the next hymn, VI.3.5), whose meaning has been twisted. This unusual substitution pushes us in two directions. On the one hand, if dróṇe here is meant to evoke duroṇé ‘at home’ in the previous vs. (7cd), we can explain its unusual employment here and the twisting of its referent from wooden cup to wood – and even take it as gesturing to ‘home’ here as well, ‘home’ being Agni’s fireplace as well as the home of the sacrificer. On the other hand, since the soma after its purification is regularly driven into its containers, we can take ajyáse also to √aj ‘drive’ and see the common identification of the two ritual substances, fire and soma, that pervades much of the RV. One of the characteristic ritual actions performed on Soma would here be attributed to Agni. The simile in b, vājī́ná ‘like a prize-seeker’ works with either verb, since horses are both anointed and driven. Moreover, both vājín- and kṛ́tvyaare regularly used of soma – further strengthening the Agni/Soma connection sketched in pāda a.
The similes in the next two pādas cause further problems. In c the first question is the case of svadhā́. Geldner and Oldenberg favor nom., Renou and I instr. If svadhā́is nom., the series of similes with Agni as implicit subject and upameya is disrupted.
The next issue is what is meant by a párijmā … gáyaḥ. Both Geldner and Renou take it as some sort of mobile home (e.g., Geldner “ein fahrender Hausstand”). Although in a pastoral society like that of the RV such a notion is not as comic as it might at first seem — and although fire is frequently depicted as burning across the land — I do not think that that is the image meant there. Note first that gáya- is several times associated with the preverb pári (esp. pári √pā VI.71.3, X.66.3, though as an object not a subject, I have to admit). And from its literal sense ‘earth-encircling’, párijman- can develop the sense ‘encircling, encompassing’. That is the sense I see here, with the domestic deity Agni compared to the extended family that embraces everything belonging to it – a likely reference to the ritual fire as the joint possession and symbol of the Ārya clans.
The second simile depends on the meaning of hvāryá-. This stem must belong to the root √hvṛ ‘go crookedly’. Geldner thinks it refers to a bird, which has little to recommend it since there’s already a horse in the passage; others (Renou, Thieme [KlSch 78]) to the meandering or zig-zag movement of the fire (e.g., Renou “(il va) zigzaguant …”). I prefer to take it as a gerundive (despite the accent, which is unusual for such a formation) and indeed one to an underlying causative. My further assumption is that the “young steed” of the simile is being trained, by being run in circles (around someone in the middle holding a rope attached to the horse – a standard part of horse training today it seems from images and videos conjured up by Google – and recall the Mitanni horse-training tablets with their numbers of ‘turns’ [vartana]). Although √hvṛ often refers to more random motion, it implicitly contrasts with motion in a straight line, which a circle is not. The advantages to this interpr. are 1) it would refer to something that the ritual fire actually does or is made to do: the Paryagnikaraṇa or the circling of the sacrificial animal (and associated paraphernalia) with a firebrand; 2) it would implicitly pick up párijmā from the beginning of the hemistich, with a more literal sense of ‘encircle, encompass’ than in pāda c. If this latter suggestion is correct, as in 7cd the first word of pāda c, párijmā, would be applicable to the similes in both c and d with slightly different senses, just like raṇváḥ in 7c.
Griffith
Thou, Agni, like an able steed, art urged by wisdom in the wood.
Thou art like wind; food, home art thou, like a young horse that runs astray.
Geldner
Mit Umsicht wirst du ja im Holzgefäß gesalbt zum Laufe getrieben wie ein siegesgewisses Rennpferd, o Agni. Wie ein fahrender Hausstand ist sein Wesen, wie ein Rennpferd ist der junge Vogel.
Grassmann
Zum Holze lässt du treiben dich, o Agni, wie ein schnelles Ross, Wählst selbst dein Haus dem Winde gleich, dem Renner gleich, der Schlange Kind.
Elizarenkova
Тебя ведь с осмотрительностью мажут в деревянном (сосуде),
О Агни, как (поощряют) скакуна, способного добыть награду.
(Твой) обычай – местопребывание, движущееся кругами.
(Ты продвигаешься,) словно петляющий скакун-жеребенок.
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- उष्णिक्
- ऋषभः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर विद्वान् को क्या करना चाहिये विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अग्ने) अग्नि के सदृश वर्त्तमान प्रतापी जन आप (हि) जिस कारण (क्रत्वा) बुद्धि वा कर्म से (वाजी) वेग से युक्त (न) जैसे वैसे (कृत्व्यः) करने योग्य कर्म्म को (परिज्मेव) सब ओर जानेवाला वह वायु (स्वधा) अन्न (गयः) गृह और (अत्यः) मार्ग को व्याप्त होनेवाला (न) जैसे वैसे (ह्वार्य्यः) कुटिल मार्ग में जाने योग्य (शिशुः) बालक (द्रोणे) जाने योग्य मार्ग में (अज्यसे) प्राप्त किये जाते हो, इस कारण से कृतकृत्य हो ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है। जो विद्वान् जन सम्पूर्ण अज्ञ जनों के लिये बुद्धि देकर श्रेष्ठ मार्ग में प्राप्त कराते हैं और माता-पिता बालक को जैसे वैसे शिक्षा करते हैं, वे अन्न आदि से सत्कार करने योग्य होते हैं ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! त्वं हि क्रत्वा वाजी न कृत्व्यः परिज्मेव स्वधा गयोऽत्यो न ह्वार्यः शिशुर्द्रोणेऽज्यसे तस्मात् कृतकृत्योऽसि ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्विदुषा किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (क्रत्वा) प्रज्ञया कर्म्मणा वा (हि) यतः (द्रोणे) गन्तव्ये मार्गे (अज्यसे) गम्यसे (अग्ने) पावक इव वर्त्तमान (वाजी) वेगवान् (न) इव (कृत्व्यः) करणीयं कर्म्म। कृत्त्वीति कर्मनाम। (निघं०२.१) (परिज्मेव) यः परितः सर्वतो गच्छति स वायुः (स्वधा) अन्नम् (गयः) गृहम् (अत्यः) अतति व्याप्नोत्यध्वानम् (न) इव (ह्वार्य्यः) कुटिलं मार्गं गन्तुं योग्यः (शिशुः) बालकः ॥८॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । ये विद्वांसः सर्वाज्ञजनेभ्यो बुद्धिं प्रदाय सन्मार्गं नयन्ति मातापितरौ बालमिव शिक्षयन्ति त अन्नादिना सत्कर्त्तव्या भवन्ति ॥८॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जे विद्वान अज्ञ लोकांना बुद्धी प्रदान करून सन्मार्गाकडे नेतात, माता-पिता बालकांना जसे शिक्षण देतात तसे शिक्षण देतात त्यांचा अन्न इत्यादींनी सत्कार करावा. ॥ ८ ॥
09 त्वं त्या - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
तुवं᳓ तिया᳓ चिद् अ᳓च्युता
अ᳓ग्ने पशु᳓र् न᳓ य᳓वसे
धा᳓मा ह य᳓त् ते अजर
व᳓ना वृश्च᳓न्ति शि᳓क्वसः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
त्वं त्या चि॒दच्यु॒ताग्ने॑ प॒शुर्न यव॑से ।
धामा॑ ह॒ यत्ते॑ अजर॒ वना॑ वृ॒श्चन्ति॒ शिक्व॑सः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
तुवं᳓ तिया᳓ चिद् अ᳓च्युता
अ᳓ग्ने पशु᳓र् न᳓ य᳓वसे
धा᳓मा ह य᳓त् ते अजर
व᳓ना वृश्च᳓न्ति शि᳓क्वसः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
Morph
ácyutā ← ácyuta- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
cit ← cit (invariable)
tvám ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:NOM, number:SG}
tyā́ ← syá- ~ tyá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ná ← ná (invariable)
paśúḥ ← paśú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
yávase ← yávasa- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:N, number:SG}
ajara ← ajára- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
dhā́ma ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
ha ← ha (invariable)
te ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:DAT, number:SG}
yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
śíkvasaḥ ← śíkvas- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
vánā ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
vr̥ścánti ← √vr̥śc- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
पद-पाठः
त्वम् । त्या । चि॒त् । अच्यु॑ता । अग्ने॑ । प॒शुः । न । यव॑से ।
धाम॑ । ह॒ । यत् । ते॒ । अ॒ज॒र॒ । वना॑ । वृ॒श्चन्ति॑ । शिक्व॑सः ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- tvaṃ ← tvam ← tvad
- [noun], nominative, singular
- “you.”
- tyā ← tya
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “that.”
- cid ← cit
- [adverb]
- “even; indeed.”
- acyutāgne ← acyutā ← acyuta
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “firm; regular; permanent; immovable; unchanging.”
- acyutāgne ← agne ← agni
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
- paśur ← paśuḥ ← paśu
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “domestic animal; sacrificial animal; animal; cattle; Paśu; stupid; Paśu; herd; goat.”
- na
- [adverb]
- “not; like; no; na [word].”
- yavase ← yavasa
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “eatage; pasture; fodder.”
- dhāmā ← dhāman
- [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
- “domain; dwelling; law; appearance; light; race; agreement; color; location.”
- ha
- [adverb]
- “indeed; ha [word].”
- yat
- [adverb]
- “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”
- te ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, singular
- “you.”
- ajara
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “undecaying; ageless.”
- vanā ← vana
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”
- vṛścanti ← vraśc
- [verb], plural, Present indikative
- “cleave; fell; cut off; hew.”
- śikvasaḥ ← śikvas
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने त्वं त्या तानि काष्ठानि । चिच्छब्दोऽपिशब्दसमानार्थो भिन्नक्रमः। अच्युता अच्युतानि च्यावयितुमशक्यान्यपि । अत्सीति शेषः । तत्र दृष्टान्तः । यवसे घासे विसृष्टः पशुर्न पशुरिव । स यथा सर्वं भक्षयति तथा त्वं प्रौढकाष्ठादीनि क्षणमात्रेण दहसीत्यर्थः । हे अजर जरारहिताग्ने यत् यस्य ॥ ‘ सुपां सुलुक्° ’ इति षष्ठ्या लुक् ॥ शिक्वसः दीप्तस्य ते तव धाम धामानि तेजांसि वना वननीयानि संभजनीयान्यरण्यानि वृश्चन्ति छिन्दन्ति भक्षयन्ति स त्वमिति पूर्वत्रान्वयः। ह इत्येतत्पादपूरणम् ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“You consume Agni, the unfallen (trees) as an animal (feeds) upon pasture, when, undecaying deity, the flames of you who are resplendent shear the forests.”
Jamison Brereton
You (eat) just these unstirrable things, Agni, like livestock in a pasture. (This is your) principle: that your dexterous (flames?) hew the woods, o unaging one.
Jamison Brereton Notes
With Geldner, I supply the verb ‘eat’ in pāda a. Although Geldner does not give his reasons, the existence of a parallel passage in this Agni cycle gives a clear warrant:
Griffith
E’en things imperishable, thou, O Agni, like a gazing ox,
Eatest, when hosts, Eternal One! of thee the Mighty rend the woods.
Geldner
Du frißt selbst die festen Hölzer, o Agni, wie ein Tier das Gras auf der Weide, wenn deine, des Geübten, Kräfte die Bäume fällen, du Alterloser.
Grassmann
Das Feste auch bemeisterst du, verzehrend Agni, wie das Vieh, Wenn, Ew’ger, deine Flammenschar das Holz zerspaltet, starker du.
Elizarenkova
Ты (сотрясаешь) даже те (вещи, что) несотрясаемы,
О Агни, словно скот на пастбище,
Когда твои силы рубят
Деревья, о нестареющий, способный действовать (бог).
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- भुरिगुष्णिक्
- ऋषभः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को कैसा वर्त्ताव करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अजर) जरारूप रोग से रहित (अग्ने) विद्वन् ! (यत्) जिन (शिक्वसः) प्रकाशमान (ते) आपके गुण (वना) जङ्गलों को जैसे किरण, वैसे दोषों को (वृश्चन्ति) काटते हैं और (त्या, चित्) उन्हीं (अच्युता) नाश से रहित (धामा) स्थानों को (यवसे) भूसे आदि के लिये (पशुः) गौ आदि पशु (न) जैसे वैसे (त्वम्) आप (ह) निश्चय प्राप्त होते हो ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । जिन अध्यापकों को गौओं को जैसे बछड़े प्राप्त होकर दुग्ध के सदृश विद्या को ग्रहण करते हैं और जो विद्वान् जन अग्नि के सदृश दोषों का नाश करते हैं, वे संसार के कल्याण करनेवाले होते हैं ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अजराऽग्ने ! यद्यस्य शिक्वसस्ते गुणा वना किरणा इव दोषान् वृश्चन्ति त्या चिदच्युता धामा यवसे पशुर्न त्वं ह प्राप्नुहि ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः कथं वर्त्तितव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (त्वम्) (त्या) तानि (चित्) अपि (अच्युता) नाशरहितानि (अग्ने) विद्वन् (पशुः) गवादिः (न) इव (यवसे) बुसाद्याय (धामा) धामानि। अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (ह) किल (यत्) यस्य (ते) तव (अजर) जरारोगरहित (वना) वनानि जङ्गलानि (वृश्चन्ति) छिन्दन्ति (शिक्वसः) प्रकाशमानस्य ॥९॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । यानध्यापकान् गा वत्सा इव प्राप्य दुग्धमिव विद्यां गृह्णन्ति ये विद्वांसोऽग्निरिव दोषान् दहन्ति ते जगत्कल्याणकरा भवन्ति ॥९॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. गाईचे वासरू जसे दूध पिते तसे जे अध्यापक विद्या ग्रहण करतात व जे विद्वान अग्नीप्रमाणे दोषांचा नाश करतात ते जगाचे कल्याणकर्ते असतात. ॥ ९ ॥
10 वेषि ह्यध्वरीयतामग्ने - अनुष्टुप्
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
वे᳓षि हि᳓ अध्वरीयता᳓म्
अ᳓ग्ने हो᳓ता द᳓मे विशा᳓म्
समृ᳓धो विश्पते कृणु
जुष᳓स्व हव्य᳓म् अङ्गिरः
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
वेषि॒ ह्य॑ध्वरीय॒तामग्ने॒ होता॒ दमे॑ वि॒शाम् ।
स॒मृधो॑ विश्पते कृणु जु॒षस्व॑ ह॒व्यम॑ङ्गिरः ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - अनुष्टुप्
Thomson & Solcum
वे᳓षि हि᳓ अध्वरीयता᳓म्
अ᳓ग्ने हो᳓ता द᳓मे विशा᳓म्
समृ᳓धो विश्पते कृणु
जुष᳓स्व हव्य᳓म् अङ्गिरः
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M;; repeated line
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
adhvarīyatā́m ← √adhvarīy- (root)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
hí ← hí (invariable)
véṣi ← √vī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, voice:ACT}
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
dáme ← dáma- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}
hótā ← hótar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}
viśā́m ← víś- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:PL}
kr̥ṇu ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
samŕ̥dhaḥ ← samŕ̥dh- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}
viśpate ← viśpáti- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
aṅgiraḥ ← áṅgiras- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
havyám ← havyá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}
juṣásva ← √juṣ- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:AOR, voice:MED}
पद-पाठः
वेषि॑ । हि । अ॒ध्व॒रि॒ऽय॒ताम् । अग्ने॑ । होता॑ । दमे॑ । वि॒शाम् ।
स॒म्ऽऋधः॑ । वि॒श्प॒ते॒ । कृ॒णु॒ । जु॒षस्व॑ । ह॒व्यम् । अ॒ङ्गि॒रः॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- veṣi ← vī
- [verb], singular, Present indikative
- “approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”
- hy ← hi
- [adverb]
- “because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
- adhvarīyatām ← adhvarīy
- [verb noun], genitive, plural
- “sacrifice.”
- agne ← agni
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
- hotā ← hotṛ
- [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
- “Hotṛ.”
- dame ← dama
- [noun], locative, singular, masculine
- “dwelling; home.”
- viśām ← viś
- [noun], genitive, plural, feminine
- “people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
- samṛdho ← samṛdhaḥ ← samṛdh
- [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
- viśpate ← viśpati
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “overlord; head.”
- kṛṇu ← kṛ
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
- juṣasva ← juṣ
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “enjoy; endow; possess; frequent; accompany; induce; consume; approve; affect; attend; befit; blend; contract.”
- havyam ← havya
- [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
- “Havya; offering; havya [word].”
- aṅgiraḥ ← aṅgiras
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Aṅgiras; Aṅgiras; Brahman; Atharva-Veda; aṅgiras [word]; Aṅgiras.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे अग्ने अध्वरीयताम् अध्वरं यज्ञमात्मन इच्छतां विशां यजमानानां दमे गृहे त्वं होता देवानामाह्वाता सन् वेषि हि स्तुतिं हवींषि वा यतः कामयसे अतः कारणात् विश्पते विशां पालकाग्ने समृधः समृद्धानस्मान् यजमानान् कृणु कुरु । कृत्वा च हे अङ्गिरः अङ्गनादिगुणयुक्त अङ्गाररूप वाग्ने हव्यम् अस्मदीयं हविः जुषस्व सेवस्व ॥।
Wilson
English translation:
“You enter as the ministrant priest into the habitations of men who wish to perform sacrifice; render them prosperous, benefactor of mankind; be propitiated, aṅgiras, by the oblation.”
Jamison Brereton
Because you pursue (your ritual duties) as Hotar in the house for the clans who perform the ceremonies, o Agni,
make them unified, o clanlord; enjoy (our) oblation, o Aṅgiras.
Jamison Brereton Notes
I interpr pāda a (which is identical to IV.9.5a) as a variation on passages like X.2.2 véṣi hotrám utá potráṃ jánānām “pursue the office of Hotar and of Potar of the peoples,” but with gapping of the terms for the priestly offices.
The standard tr. take samṛdháḥ as an abstract ‘success’ (e.g., Geldner “Schaff … Gelingen”; cf. also Renou, Scarlatta [67]), but the only other occurrences of this root noun, in the frog hymn VII.103.5, clearly means something like ‘unison’, referring to the frog chorus. One of the two finite forms of this lexeme, sám ānṛdhe in X.79.7, also seems to have this sense: Agni “comes together” with his parts or limbs (párvabhiḥ). The other, in X.85.27, has a sense closer to simplex √ṛdh ‘be (completely) realized, come to success’. In our passage here, the ‘unison’ interpr. makes sense, esp. in the larger context of this hymns (and also VI.1), with the focus on Agni as clanlord of the separate Ārya clans, which are nonetheless working towards a common goal. On the other hand, the appearance of simplex ṛ́dhat in this hymn (4a, on which see comm. ad loc.) and in the cmpd. ṛdhádvāra- in the next (VI.3.2) might suggest a rendering closer to the simplex here as well.
Griffith
Agni, thou enterest as Priest the home of men who sacrifice.
Lord of the people, prosper them. Accept the ofrering, Angiras!
Geldner
Denn du wünschest der Amtierenden Adhvaryu´s, der Clane Hotri im Hause zu sein, o Agni. Schaff, o Clanherr, gelingen; laß dir das Opfer munden, o Angiras!
Grassmann
Denn in der frommen Stämme Haus, o Agni, kommst als Priester du; Gedeihen schaff, o Hauses Herr, geniess das Opfer, Angiras.
Elizarenkova
Ведь ты исполняешь (обязанности) людей, занятых в обряде,
О Агни, (действуя) как хотар племен в доме.
Создай удачу, о господин племен!
Наслаждайся жертвой, о Ангирас!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- निचृदनुष्टुप्
- गान्धारः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
फिर मनुष्यों को कैसा वर्त्तना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अङ्गिरः) अङ्गों के मध्य में रसरूप (अग्ने) अग्नि के सदृश तेजस्वी (विश्पते) प्रजा के स्वामिन् विद्वन् ! जो (हि) जिस कारण से (होता) दाता आप (अध्वरीयताम्) अपने अध्वर की इच्छा करते हुए (विशाम्) प्रजाजनों के (दमे) गृह में (वेषि) व्याप्त होते हो वह आप (समृधः) उत्तम प्रकार से ऋद्धिवाले (कृणु) करिये और (हव्यम्) ग्रहण करने योग्य का (जुषस्व) सेवन करिये ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे अग्नि यज्ञ करनेवालों और प्रजाओं के कार्य्यों को सिद्ध करता है, वैसे ही विद्वान् जन सब के प्रयोजनों को सिद्ध करते हैं ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे अङ्गिरोऽग्ने विश्पते विद्वन् ! यो हि होता त्वमध्वरीयतां विशां दमे वेषि स त्वं समृधः कृणु हव्यं जुषस्व ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
पुनर्मनुष्यैः कथं वर्त्तितव्यमित्याह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वेषि) व्याप्नोषि (हि) यतः (अध्वरीयताम्) आत्मनोऽध्वरमिच्छताम् (अग्ने) पावक इव विद्वन् (होता) दाता (दमे) गृहे (विशाम्) प्रजानाम् (समृधः) सम्यगृद्धिमन्तः (विश्पते) प्रजास्वामिन् (कृणु) कुरु (जुषस्व) (हव्यम्) प्राप्तुं गृहीतुमर्हम् (अङ्गिरः) अङ्गानां मध्ये रसरूप ॥१०॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे मनुष्या ! यथाग्निर्ऋत्विजां प्रजानां च कार्य्याणि साध्नोति तथैव विद्वांसः सर्वेषां प्रयोजनानि निष्पादयन्ति ॥१०॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - हे माणसांनो ! अग्नी जसे यज्ञ करणाऱ्यांचे व प्रजेचे कार्य पूर्ण करतो तसेच विद्वान लोक सर्वांचे प्रयोजन सिद्ध करतात. ॥ १० ॥
11 अच्छा नो - शक्वरी
विश्वास-प्रस्तुतिः ...{Loading}...
अ᳓छा नो मित्रमहो देव देवा᳓न्
अ᳓ग्ने वो᳓चः सुमतिं᳓ रो᳓दसीयोः
वीहि᳓ सुअस्तिं᳓ सुक्षितिं᳓ दिवो᳓ नॄ᳓न्
द्विषो᳓ अं᳓हांसि दुरिता᳓ तरेम
ता᳓ तरेम त᳓वा᳓वसा तरेम
मूलम् ...{Loading}...
अच्छा॑ नो मित्रमहो देव दे॒वानग्ने॒ वोचः॑ सुम॒तिं रोद॑स्योः ।
वी॒हि स्व॒स्तिं सु॑क्षि॒तिं दि॒वो नॄन्द्वि॒षो अंहां॑सि दुरि॒ता त॑रेम॒ ता त॑रेम॒ तवाव॑सा तरेम ॥
सर्वाष् टीकाः ...{Loading}...
अधिमन्त्रम् - sa
- देवता - अग्निः
- ऋषिः - भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- छन्दः - शक्वरी
Thomson & Solcum
अ᳓छा नो मित्रमहो देव देवा᳓न्
अ᳓ग्ने वो᳓चः सुमतिं᳓ रो᳓दसीयोः
वीहि᳓ सुअस्तिं᳓ सुक्षितिं᳓ दिवो᳓ नॄ᳓न्
द्विषो᳓ अं᳓हांसि दुरिता᳓ तरेम
ता᳓ तरेम त᳓वा᳓वसा तरेम
Vedaweb annotation
Strata
Archaic
Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M
Morph
ácha ← ácha (invariable)
deva ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
devā́n ← devá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
mitramahaḥ ← mitrámahas- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}
ródasyoḥ ← ródasī- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:DU}
sumatím ← sumatí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
vócaḥ ← √vac- (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:INJ, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}
diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}
nr̥̄́n ← nár- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:PL}
sukṣitím ← sukṣití- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:SG}
svastím ← svastí- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}
vīhí ← √vī- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
áṁhāṁsi ← áṁhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}
duritā́ ← duritá- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
dviṣáḥ ← dvíṣ- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:F, number:SG}
tarema ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
ávasā ← ávas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:SG}
tā́ ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}
tarema ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
tarema ← √tr̥̄- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}
táva ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, number:SG}
पद-पाठः
अच्छ॑ । नः॒ । मि॒त्र॒ऽम॒हः॒ । दे॒व॒ । दे॒वान् । अग्ने॑ । वोचः॑ । सु॒ऽम॒तिम् । रोद॑स्योः ।
वी॒हि । स्व॒स्तिम् । सु॒ऽक्षि॒तिम् । दि॒वः । नॄन् । द्वि॒षः । अंहां॑सि । दुः॒ऽइ॒ता । त॒रे॒म॒ । ता । त॒रे॒म॒ । तव॑ । अव॑सा । त॒रे॒म॒ ॥
Hellwig Grammar
- acchā
- [adverb]
- “towards; accha [prefix].”
- no ← naḥ ← mad
- [noun], accusative, plural
- “I; mine.”
- mitramaho ← mitra
- [noun], masculine
- “friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
- mitramaho ← mahas ← mahat
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
- deva
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- devān ← deva
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
- agne ← agni
- [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
- “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
- vocaḥ ← vac
- [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
- “say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
- sumatiṃ ← sumatim ← sumati
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “benevolence; favor; Sumati.”
- rodasyoḥ ← rodasī
- [noun], genitive, dual, feminine
- “heaven and earth; Earth.”
- vīhi ← vī
- [verb], singular, Present imperative
- “approach; ask; desire; go; drive.”
- svastiṃ ← svastim ← svasti
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “prosperity; well-being; fortune; benediction; svasti [word]; well; luck.”
- sukṣitiṃ ← su
- [adverb]
- “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
- sukṣitiṃ ← kṣitim ← kṣiti
- [noun], accusative, singular, feminine
- “floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”
- divo ← divaḥ ← div
- [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
- “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
- nṝn ← nṛ
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”
- dviṣo ← dviṣaḥ ← dviṣ
- [noun], accusative, plural, masculine
- “hate; dviṣ; hostility; hostility.”
- aṃhāṃsi ← aṃhas
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “trouble; sin.”
- duritā ← durita
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “danger; sin; difficulty; difficulty; evil.”
- tarema ← tṛ
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”
- tā ← tad
- [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
- “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
- tarema ← tṛ
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”
- tavāvasā ← tava ← tvad
- [noun], genitive, singular
- “you.”
- tavāvasā ← avasā ← avas
- [noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
- “aid; favor; protection.”
- tarema ← tṛ
- [verb], plural, Present optative
- “traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”
सायण-भाष्यम्
हे मित्रमहः अनुकूलदीप्ते देव दानादिगुणयुक्त अग्ने रोदस्योः द्यावापृथिव्योर्वर्तमानस्त्वं देवान् यष्टव्यानिन्द्रादीन् अच्छ आभिमुख्येन नः अस्माकं सुमतिं स्तुतिं वोचः ब्रूहि । दिवः स्तुतेः नॄन् नेतॄनस्मान् सुक्षितिं शोभननिवासयुक्तं स्वस्तिम् अविनाशं वीहि गमय ॥ वेतिरत्र अन्तर्भावितण्यर्थो द्रष्टव्यः । वयं च द्विषः द्वेष्टॄन शत्रून् अंहांसि पापानि दुरिता तत्फलरूपाणि दुर्गमनानि च तरेम अतिक्रामेम । तथा ता तानि व्यवहितानि जन्मान्तरकृतानि च पापादीनि तरेम । उक्त एवार्थो दार्ढ्याय पुनरुच्यते । हे अग्ने तव अवसा रक्षणेन द्वेष्टृप्रभृतीनत्यन्तं तरेम ॥ ॥ २ ॥
Wilson
English translation:
“Divine Agni, reverenced as a friend, who are abiding in heaven and earth, communicate our praise to the gods; conduct the offerer of adoration to domestic felicity; and may we overcome our adversaries, our iniquities, our difficulties; may we overcome those (sins of a prior existence); may we overcome them by your protection.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
May we overcome those (sins): the text has tā tarema, may we cross over those, this is interpreted as: janmāntarakṛtāni pāpāni
Jamison Brereton
O god Agni with the might of Mitra, to us you call the gods, call the grace of the two world-halves.
Pursue well-being, good dwelling, pursue the men of heaven. May we cross over hatreds, over narrow straits difficult to traverse.
May we cross over; with your help may we cross over.
Jamison Brereton Notes
As noted in the published introduction, this vs. forms a slight ring with vs. 1, with voc. mitramahaḥ echoing mitró ná of 1b.
Both Geldner and Renou take vīhí as having a double acc., with svastíṃ sukṣitím the secondary object expressing benefits we seek from the gods whom we pursue (e.g., Geldner “Ersuche die Männer des Himmels um Glück, um gutes Wohnen.” But this seems unnecessary (and is not the usual syntax of √vī); the root √vī takes a variety of objects, including concrete inanimates, as in VI.12.6 (in this cycle) véṣi rāyáḥ “you pursue riches,” and here I see it as having both inanimate and animate objects.
Pāda d dviṣó áṃhāṃsi duritā́tarema is a reprise of 4d dviṣó áṃho ná tarati.
Griffith
O Agni, God with Mitra’s might, call hither the favour of the Gods from earth and heaven.
Bring weal from heaven, that men may dwell securely. May we o’ercome the foe’s malign oppressions, may we o’ercome them, through thy help o’ercome them.
Geldner
Lade, du wie Mitra gefeierter Gott, die Götter zu uns ein, o Agni, erbitte die Gunst beider Welten! Ersuche die Männer des Himmels um Glück, um gutes Wohnen! Wir möchten über die Anfeindungen, die Nöte, die Fährlichkeiten hinwegkommen, wir möchten über diese hinwegkommen, durch deine Gnade hinwegkommen.
Grassmann
Rufe uns, o freundereicher Gott die Götter her, o Agni, und das Wohlwollen beider Welten; führe die Männer des Himmels her zu Heil und Sicherheit; über des Feindes Drangsale und Gefahren mögen wir hinüberdringen, über sie hinüberdringen, durch deine Hülfe hinüberdringen.
Elizarenkova
Пригласи к нам богов, о бог, великий как Митра,
О Агни (ниспошли нам) милость двух миров!
Отправляйся к мужам неба за благополучием (и) прекрасным поселением!
Да пересечем мы проявления враждебности, беды, трудности!
Да пересечем мы их! Да пересечем с твоей помощью!
अधिमन्त्रम् (VC)
- अग्निः
- भरद्वाजो बार्हस्पत्यः
- भुरिगतिजगती
- निषादः
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अब विद्वानों के विषय को कहते हैं ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (मित्रमहः) मित्र आदर करने योग्य जिसके ऐसे (देव) दान करनेवाले (अग्ने) अग्नि के सदृश वर्त्तमान जन ! आप (नः) हम लोगों के (देवान्) विद्वान् दाता जनों को (रोदस्योः) अन्तरिक्ष और पृथिवी के मध्य में (सुमतिम्) श्रेष्ठ बुद्धि का (अच्छा) उत्तम प्रकार (वोचः) उपदेश करें जिस कारण से (स्वस्तिम्) सुख वा शान्ति तथा (सुक्षितिम्) उत्तम पृथिवी वा उत्तम निवास को (दिवः) कामना करते हुए और (नॄन्) नायक जनों को (वीहि) व्याप्त हूजिये और (द्विषः) द्वेष करनेवालों का त्याग करो तथा (दुरिता) दुःख के प्राप्त करानेवाले (अंहासि) पापों के हम लोग (तरेम) पार होवें (ता) उनको (तरेम) फिर भी पार हों और (तव) आपके (अवसा) रक्षण आदि से (तरेम) पार होवें ॥११॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यों को चाहिये कि विद्वानों को मिल कर और बल को प्राप्त होकर शत्रुओं को जीत कर दुःखरूप सागर से पार हों ॥११॥ इस सूक्त में अग्नि और विद्वान् के गुणवर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इससे पूर्व सूक्त के अर्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह द्वितीय सूक्त और द्वितीय वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - अन्वयः
अन्वय: हे मित्रमहो देवाग्ने ! त्वं नो देवान् रोदस्योः सुमतिमच्छा वोचो येन स्वस्तिं सुक्षितिं दिवो नॄन् वीहि द्विषो जहि दुरितांऽहांसि वयं तरेम वा तरेम तवावसा तरेम ॥११॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - विषयः
अथ विद्वद्विषयमाह ॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - पदार्थः
पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अच्छा) सम्यक्। अत्र संहितायामिति दीर्घः। (नः) अस्माकम् (मित्रमहः) मित्रं सखा महः पूजनीयो यस्य तत्सम्बुद्धौ (देव) दातः (देवान्) विदुषो दातॄन् (अग्ने) अग्निरिव वर्त्तमान (वोचः) उपदिशेः (सुमतिम्) श्रेष्ठां प्रज्ञाम् (रोदस्योः) द्यावापृथिव्योर्मध्ये (वीहि) व्याप्नुहि (स्वस्तिम्) सुखं शान्तिं वा (सुक्षितिम्) शोभनां पृथिवीं सुनिवासं वा (दिवः) कामयमानान् (नॄन्) नायकान् (द्विषः) द्वेष्टॄन् (अंहांसि) पापानि (दुरिता) दुःखस्य प्रापकाणि (तरेम) उल्लङ्घयेम (ता) तानि (तरेम) (तव) (अवसा) रक्षणाद्येन (तरेम) ॥११॥
दयानन्द-सरस्वती (हि) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यैर्विदुषः सङ्गत्य बलं प्राप्य शत्रून् विजित्य दुःखसागरात् तरणीयमिति ॥११॥ अत्राग्निविद्वद्गुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति द्वितीयं सूक्तं द्वितीयो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥
सविता जोशी ← दयानन्द-सरस्वती (म) - भावार्थः
भावार्थभाषाः - माणसांनी विद्वानांच्या संगतीने बल प्राप्त करून शत्रूंना जिंकून दुःखरूपी सागर पार करावा. ॥ ११ ॥