०६०

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

ई᳓ळे अग्निं᳓ सुअ᳓वसं न᳓मोभिर्
इह᳓ प्रसत्तो᳓ वि᳓ चयत् कृतं᳓ नः
र᳓थैर् इव प्र᳓ भरे वाजय᳓द्भिः
प्रदक्षिणि᳓न् मरु᳓तां स्तो᳓मम् ऋध्याम्

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
agním ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ī́ḷe ← √īḍ- ~ √īḷ- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

námobhiḥ ← námas- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

svávasam ← svávas- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

cayat ← √ci- 1 (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:SBJV, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

ihá ← ihá (invariable)

kr̥tám ← √kr̥- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

prasattáḥ ← √sad- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

ví ← ví (invariable)

bhare ← √bhr̥- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iva ← iva (invariable)

prá ← prá (invariable)

ráthaiḥ ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

vājayádbhiḥ ← √vājay- 2 (root)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

marútām ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

pradakṣiṇít ← pradakṣiṇít (invariable)

r̥dhyām ← √r̥dh- (root)
{number:SG, person:1, mood:OPT, tense:AOR, voice:ACT}

stómam ← stóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

ईळे॑ । अ॒ग्निम् । सु॒ऽअव॑सम् । नमः॑ऽभिः । इ॒ह । प्र॒ऽस॒त्तः । वि । च॒य॒त् । कृ॒तम् । नः॒ ।
रथैः॑ऽइव । प्र । भ॒रे॒ । वा॒ज॒यत्ऽभिः॑ । प्र॒ऽद॒क्षि॒णित् । म॒रुता॑म् । स्तोम॑म् । ऋ॒ध्या॒म् ॥

• īﾱe ← īḍ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “praise; invite; raise.”

• agniṃ ← agnim ← agni
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• svavasaṃ ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svavasaṃ ← avasam ← avas
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “aid; favor; protection.”

• namobhir ← namobhiḥ ← namas
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

• iha
• [adverb]
• “here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”

• prasatto ← prasattaḥ ← prasad ← √sad
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “calm; clear up; forgive; feel for.”

• vi
• [adverb]
• “apart; away; away.”

• cayat ← ci
• [verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
• “cover; accumulate; pile up; pick; cover.”

• kṛtaṃ ← kṛtam ← kṛta
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “Kṛta; action; throw; work; production; work; kindness; four; kṛta [word].”

• naḥ ← mad
• [noun], dative, plural
• “I; mine.”

• rathair ← rathaiḥ ← ratha
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• pra
• [adverb]
• “towards; ahead.”

• bhare ← bhṛ
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “bring; hold; fill; support; wear; possess; carry; nourish; keep; hire; have; satiate; follow; bear.”

• vājayadbhiḥ ← vājay ← √vaj
• [verb noun], instrumental, plural
• “incite.”

• pradakṣiṇin ← pradakṣiṇit
• [adverb]

• marutāṃ ← marutām ← marut
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• stomam ← stoma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

• ṛdhyām ← ṛdh
• [verb], singular, Aorist optative
• “boom; stick to.”

अहं श्यावाश्वः अग्निं स्ववसं स्वायत्तरक्षणं नमोभिः स्तोत्रैः ईळे स्तौमि । तत्स्तोत्रं कृतम् इह इदानीं प्रसत्तः प्रसन्नः प्रकर्षेण यज्ञं प्राप्तो वा सन् नः अस्मदर्थं वि चयत् विजानातु । वाजयद्भिः अन्नमिच्छद्भिः स्तोत्रैः रथैरिव रथैर्यथाभिमतं प्राप्नुवन्ति तद्वद्रंहणसाधनैः प्र भरे प्रकर्षेण संपादयाम्यभिमतम् । प्रदक्षिणित् प्रादक्षिण्येन गच्छन् मरुतां स्तोमं स्तोत्रम् ऋध्यां वर्धयेयम् ॥

English translation:

“I adore the protecting Agni with hymns; may he, propitiated on this occasion, approve of our acts; offer (worship with praises), intended to obtain food; as if (proceeding) with cars (to the goal), circumambulating (the fire); may I exalt the praise of the maruts.”

I solemnly invoke helpful Agni with reverences. Seated in front, he will pull out a perfect (“hand” of dice) for us.
I press forward as if with chariots seeking prizes. With respectful
circumambulation (of Agni) might I bring to fulfillment the praise of the Maruts.

The opening of the hymn, ī́ḷe agním, is a flipping of the opening of the first hymn in the RV, I.1.1 agním īḷe, but this phrase, in both orders, is found a number of times in the RV. However, it’s worth noting that this is the only other place where it opens a hymn. This is the only occurrence of the ppl. prasattá- ‘seated to the fore/in front’, and it here seems a substitute for the standard puróhita- ‘placed in front’, of Agni as the offering fire on the ritual ground. If ī́ḷe agním is a conscious evocation of RV I.1.1 (or a templatic Agni hymn), then prasattáḥ could be evoking the third word of I.1.1 (agním īḷe) puróhitam.

However, the gambling phrase that follows goes off in a very different direction; as is recognized by all standard tr., the phrase ví cayat kṛtám is dicing vocabulary. For the VP see I.132.1 and Falk (1986, Bruderschaft und Würfelspiel, pp.

126-28).

I LAUD with reverence the gracious Agni: here may he sit and part our meed among us.
As with spoil-seeking cars I bring oblation: turned rightward I will swell the Marut’s, praise-song.

Agni, den gnädigen, rufe ich unter Verbeugungen an. Hierher gesetzt möge er für uns den großen Wurf treffen. Wie mit wettkämpfenden Wagen eile ich voraus; mit ihm zu meiner Rechten will ich das Loblied auf die Marut recht machen.

Den güt’gen Agni preis’ ich mit Verehrung, hierher gesetzt vertheil er unser Opfer; Ich spende wie mit gutbeladnem Wagen; der Maruts Lob vollführ ich rechtsgewendet.

Я призываю Агни, удачно помогающего, с поклонениями.
Усевшись здесь, пусть он различит счастливый бросок для нас!
Я отправляюсь, словно на колесницах, стремящихся к добыче.
(С Агни) с правой стороны я хочу дать процветание хвале Марутов!

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• स्वराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जैसे (प्रसत्तः) प्रसन्न (इह) इस संसार में मैं (नमोभिः) सत्कारों से हूँ वैसे सत्कारों से (स्ववसम्) उत्तम रक्षण जिससे उस (अग्निम्) बिजुली की (ईळे) अधिक इच्छा करता और (कृतम्) किये काम को (वि, चयत्) विवेक करता हूँ और जो (मरुताम्) मनुष्यों के समूह (वाजयद्भिः) वेगवाले (रथैरिव) वाहनों के सदृश पदार्थों से (नः) हम लोगों को पहुँचाते हैं उनको मैं (प्र, भरे) धारण करता हूँ और (प्रदक्षिणित्) प्रदक्षिणा को प्राप्त करानेवाला मैं मनुष्यों की (स्तोमम्) प्रशंसा को (ऋध्याम्) बढ़ाऊँ ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । विद्वान् जन को चाहिये कि विद्वानों के सङ्ग से अग्नि आदि विद्या को प्रकट करा के प्रसन्नता सम्पादित करे ॥१॥

अन्वय: यथा प्रसत्त इहाहं नमोभिरस्मि तथा नमोभिः स्ववसमग्निमीळे कृतं वि चयत्। ये मरुतां गणा वाजयद्भी रथैरिव नोऽस्मान् वहन्ति तानहं प्र भरे प्रदक्षिणिदहं मरुतां स्तोममृध्याम् ॥१॥

अथ मनुष्यैः किं साधनीयमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ईळे) अधीच्छामि (अग्निम्) विद्युतम् (स्ववसम्) सुष्ठ्ववो रक्षणं यस्मात्तम् (नमोभिः) सत्कारैः (इह) अस्मिन् संसारे (प्रसत्तः) प्रसन्नः (वि) (चयत्) विचिनोमि (कृतम्) (नः) अस्मान् (रथैरिव) (प्र) (भरे) (वाजयद्भिः) वेगवद्भिः (प्रदक्षिणित्) यः प्रदक्षिणां नयति (मरुताम्) मनुष्याणाम् (स्तोमम्) श्लाघाम् (ऋध्याम्) वर्धयेयम् ॥१॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । विदुषा विदुषां सङ्गेनाग्न्यादिविद्यामाविर्भाव्य प्रसन्नता सम्पादनीया ॥१॥

या सूक्तात वायू, अग्नी व विद्वानांच्या गुणांचे वर्णन असल्यामुळे या सूक्ताच्या अर्थाची पूर्वसूक्तार्थाबरोबर संगती जाणावी.

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. विद्वान लोकांनी विद्वानांच्या संगतीने अग्नी इत्यादी विद्या प्रकट करून प्रसन्नतेने राहावे. ॥ १ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

आ᳓ ये᳓ तस्थुः᳓ पृ᳓षतीषु श्रुता᳓सु
सुखे᳓षु रुद्रा᳓ मरु᳓तो र᳓थेषु
व᳓ना चिद् उग्रा जिहते नि᳓ वो भिया᳓
पृथिवी᳓ चिद् रेजते प᳓र्वतश् चित्

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ā́ ← ā́ (invariable)

pŕ̥ṣatīṣu ← pŕ̥ṣant- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

śrutā́su ← √śru- (root)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL, non-finite:PPP}

tasthúḥ ← √sthā- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

yé ← yá- (pronoun)

marútaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rátheṣu ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

rudrā́ḥ ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sukhéṣu ← sukhá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

bhiyā́ ← bhī́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:SG}

cit ← cit (invariable)

jihate ← √hā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

ní ← ní (invariable)

ugrāḥ ← ugrá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

vánā ← vána- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

cit ← cit (invariable)

cit ← cit (invariable)

párvataḥ ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

pr̥thivī́ ← pr̥thivī́- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

rejate ← √rej- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

आ । ये । त॒स्थुः । पृष॑तीषु । श्रु॒तासु॑ । सु॒ऽखेषु॑ । रु॒द्राः । म॒रुतः॑ । रथे॑षु ।
वना॑ । चि॒त् । उ॒ग्राः॒ । जि॒ह॒ते॒ । नि । वः॒ । भि॒या । पृ॒थि॒वी । चि॒त् । रे॒ज॒ते॒ । पर्व॑तः । चि॒त् ॥

• ā
• [adverb]
• “towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

• ye ← yad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• tasthuḥ ← sthā
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”

• pṛṣatīṣu ← pṛṣatī
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine

• śrutāsu ← śru
• [verb noun], locative, plural
• “listen; come to know; hear; hear; listen; study; heed; learn.”

• sukheṣu ← sukha
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “pleasant; easy; lukewarm; comfortable; sukha [word]; successful; easy; content(p).”

• rudrā ← rudrāḥ ← rudra
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ratheṣu ← ratha
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• vanā ← vana
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “forest; wood; tree; grove; vana [word]; forest; brush.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• ugrā ← ugra
• [noun], nominative, plural, neuter
• “powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

• jihate ← hā
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “move over; yield; give way.”

• ni
• [adverb]
• “back; down.”

• vo ← vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• bhiyā ← bhī
• [noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
• “fear; bhī; alarm.”

• pṛthivī
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”

• cid ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• rejate ← rej
• [verb], singular, Present indikative
• “tremor; flicker.”

• parvataś ← parvataḥ ← parvata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

ये मरुतः रुद्राः रुद्रपुत्राः आ तस्थुः आतिष्ठन्ति पृषतीषु मरुतां वाहनेषु श्रुतासु श्रान्तासु प्रसिद्धासु वा सुखेषु । खमाकाशं छिद्रम् । शोभनरथाक्षद्वारेषु रथेषु रथान् आ तस्थुः आतिष्ठन्ति । हे उग्राः उद्गूर्णबला मरुतो यूयं यदा रथमारूढाः स्थ तदानीं वना चित् वनान्यपि नि जिहते न्यग्गच्छन्ति वः युष्माकं भिया भीत्या । पृथिवी चित् पृथिव्यपि रेजते । पर्वतश्चित् पर्वतोऽपि रेजते कम्पते । उत्तरार्ध: प्रत्यक्षकृतः । पूर्वार्धे य एवमकुर्वन् तेषां स्तोममृध्यामिति पूर्वत्रान्वयः ॥

English translation:

“Fierce Maruts, sons of Rudra, who ride in easy chariots (drawn by) celebrated steeds, (at your coming) the woods bow down with fear, the earth tremles, and the mountains (shake).”

Those who have mounted on the famed dappled mares, on the well-naved chariots—the Rudras, the Maruts—
even the trees duck down with fear of you, powerful ones. Even the earth trembles, even the mountain.

The parallelism between the two loc. phrases pṛ̥ṣatīṣu śrutā́su (a) and sukhéṣu … rátheṣu (b) seems clear, but this entails that the Maruts are mounted both on their horses and on their chariots. This is a price that most tr. are willing to pay, but Renou avoids it at the price of the parallelism, by attaching the dappled females to the chariots: “… qui sont montés sur les chars aisés conduit par les (antilopes) tachetées.” Since the Maruts are clearly astride horses in the next hymn, V.61.3, I think we can have them there here as well.

The person changes between hemistichs from 3rd (ab: yé tasthúḥ) in the rel. cl.

to 2nd (cd: voc. ugrāḥ … vaḥ) in the main cl.. This is hardly unusual in the RV. The standard tr. register this anacoluthon in various ways, Witzel Gotō most sharply, by supplying a main cl. for ab: “(Sie sind es), die …” and separating the two hemistichs into two sentences. This seems unnec.

The Maruts, yea, the Rudras, who have mounted their famous spotted deer and cars swift-moving,-
Before you, fierce Ones! woods bow down in terror: Earth, even the mountain, trembles at your coming.

Die Rudrasöhne, die Marut, die die berühmten Schecken bestiegen haben und ihre leichten Wagen - aus Furcht bekommen, selbst des Himmels Rücken bebt selbst die Erde, selbst das Gebirge.

Wenn sie bestiegen die gepriesnen Hirsche und schnellen Wagen, sie, die lichten Maruts, Dann bücken sich aus Furcht vor euch die Wälder, die Erde selbst erbebt und das Gebirge.

(Те) Рудры, Маруты, что взошли на (свои)
Легкоходные колесницы, (влекомые) прославленными пестрыми (антилопами) –
Даже лесные деревья клонятся от страха перед вами, о грозные,
Даже земля трясется, даже гора.

• मरुतः
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (ये) जो (रुद्राः) प्राण आदि और (मरुतः) मनुष्य (श्रुतासु) विद्याओं में (पृषतीषु) सेचन करनेवालियों में (सुखेषु) सुखों में और (रथेषु) विमानादि वाहनों में (आ, तस्थुः) स्थित होवें (चित्) और (वना) किरण (उग्राः) तीव्र स्वभाववालों के सदृश (नि, जिहते) निरन्तर जाते हैं और (वः) आप लोगों के (भिया) भय से (पृथिवी) भूमि (चित्) भी (रेजते) कम्पित होती है (पर्वतः) मेघ के (चित्) समान पदार्थ कम्पित होता है, उनका हम लोग निरन्तर सत्कार करें ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । हे मनुष्यो ! उत्तम विद्याओं और उत्तम वाहनों पर स्थित होकर शीघ्र जाने के लिये समर्थ हूजिये ॥२॥

अन्वय: ये रुद्रा मरुतः श्रुतासु पृषतीषु सुखेषु रथेष्वा तस्थुश्चिदपि वनोग्रा इव नि जिहते। वो भिया पृथिवी चिद्रेजते पर्वतश्चिदिव रेजते तान् वयं सततं सत्कुर्याम ॥२॥

पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (आ) (ये) (तस्थुः) (पृषतीषु) सेचनकर्त्रीषु (श्रुतासु) विद्यासु (सुखेषु) (रुद्राः) प्राणादयः (मरुतः) मनुष्याः (रथेषु) विमानादिषु यानेषु (वना) किरणाः (चित्) अपि (उग्राः) तीव्रस्वभावाः (जिहते) गच्छन्ति (नि) नितराम् (वः) युष्माकम् (भिया) भयेन (पृथिवी) भूमिः (चित्) (रेजते) कम्पते (पर्वतः) मेघः (चित्) इव ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । हे मनुष्या ! उत्तमासु विद्यासूत्तमेषु यानेषु च स्थित्वा शीघ्रगमनाय समर्था भवत ॥२॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. हे माणसांनो! उत्तम विद्या प्राप्त करून व उत्तम वाहनात बसून तात्काळ कुठेही पोचण्यास समर्थ व्हा. ॥ २ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

प᳓र्वतश् चिन् म᳓हि वृद्धो᳓ बिभाय
दिव᳓श् चित् सा᳓नु रेजत स्वने᳓ वः
य᳓त् क्री᳓ळथ मरुत ऋष्टिम᳓न्त
आ᳓प इव सध्रि᳓अञ्चो धवध्वे

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
bibhāya ← √bhī- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

cit ← cit (invariable)

máhi ← máh- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

párvataḥ ← párvata- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

vr̥ddháḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG, non-finite:PPP}

cit ← cit (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

rejata ← √rej- (root)
{number:SG, person:3, mood:INJ, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

sā́nu ← sā́nu- ~ snú- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

svané ← svaná- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vaḥ ← tvám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

krī́ḷatha ← √krīḍ- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

r̥ṣṭimántaḥ ← r̥ṣṭimánt- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ā́paḥ ← áp- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:PL}

dhavadhve ← √dhu- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

iva ← iva (invariable)

sadhryàñcaḥ ← sadhryàñc- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

पर्व॑तः । चि॒त् । महि॑ । वृ॒द्धः । बि॒भा॒य॒ । दि॒वः । चि॒त् । सानु॑ । रे॒ज॒त॒ । स्व॒ने । वः॒ ।
यत् । क्रीळ॑थ । म॒रु॒तः॒ । ऋ॒ष्टि॒ऽमन्तः॑ । आपः॑ऽइव । स॒ध्र्य॑ञ्चः । ध॒व॒ध्वे॒ ॥

• parvataś ← parvataḥ ← parvata
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “mountain; Parvata; parvata [word]; Parvata; Parvata; rock; height.”

• cin ← cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• mahi
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “great; firm.”

• vṛddho ← vṛddhaḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• bibhāya ← bhī
• [verb], singular, Perfect indicative
• “fear; fear.”

• divaś ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], genitive, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• cit
• [adverb]
• “even; indeed.”

• sānu
• [noun], nominative, singular, neuter
• “tableland; ridge; peak; back; ridge; guru.”

• rejata ← rej
• [verb], singular, Present injunctive
• “tremor; flicker.”

• svane ← svana
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “noise; sound; svan.”

• vaḥ ← tvad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “you.”

• yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• krīﾱatha ← krīḷatha ← krīḍ
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “frolic; love; play; amuse.”

• maruta ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• ṛṣṭimanta ← ṛṣṭimantaḥ ← ṛṣṭimat
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• āpa ← āpaḥ ← ap
• [noun], nominative, plural, feminine
• “water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

• iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• sadhryañco ← sadhryañcaḥ ← sadhryañc
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine

• dhavadhve ← dhav
• [verb], plural, Present indikative

हे मरुतः वः युष्माकं स्वने भयंकरशब्दे सति पर्वतश्चित् पर्वतोऽपि महि महान् वृद्धः सन्नपि बिभाय बिभेति । दिवश्चित् अन्तरिक्षस्यापि सानु समुच्छ्रितः प्रदेशः रेजत कम्पते । यत् यदा क्रीळथ हे मरुतः यूयम् ऋष्टिमन्तः आयुधवन्तः सन्तस्तदा आपइव उदकानीव सध्र्यञ्चः सहाञ्चनाः धवध्वे धावध्वे गच्छथ ॥

English translation:

“The mountain, vast and lofty (though it be), is alarmed at your noise, and the summit of the firmament trembles when, lance-armed Maruts, you are sporting; you rush along together like waters.”

Even the mountain, grown great, has fear; even the back of heaven trembles at your roar.
When you are at play, o Maruts, equipped with spears, you run toward a single goal like the waters. ᳓

Though vast and tall, the mountain is affrighted, the height of heaven is shaken at your roaring
When, armed with lances, ye are sporting, Maruts, and rush along together like the waters.

Selbst das hochgewachsene Gebirge hat Furcht bekommen, selbst des Himmels Rücken bebt bei eurem Tosen. Wenn ihr Marut mit Speeren bewaffnet euer Spiel treibt, so eilt ihr nach dem gleichen Ziele wie die Gewässer.

Es fürchten sich die mächtig hohen Berge, des Himmels Gipfel bebt bei eurem Toben, Wenn ihr, o Maruts, speerbewaffnet tanzet, dann strömet ihr vereint wie Wasserwogen.

Даже гора, гигантски выросшая, испугалась,
Даже вершина неба затряслась от вашего гула.
Когда вы играете, о Маруты, вооруженные копьями,
Вы сбегаетесь к одной цели, словно воды.

• मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्यों को क्या करना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (ऋष्टिमन्तः) अच्छे विज्ञानवाले (मरुतः) मनुष्यो ! (यत्) जहाँ तुम (क्रीळथ) क्रीड़ा करते हो (आपइव) जलों के सदृश (सध्र्यञ्चः) एक साथ गमन करते हुए (धवध्वे) कंपाओ और (वः) आप लोगों के (स्वने) शब्द में (पर्वतः) मेघ के (चित्) सदृश (महि) बड़ा (वृद्धः) वृद्ध (बिभाय) डरता है (दिवः) प्रकाश से (चित्) भी जैसे वैसे (सानु) शिखर के तुल्य (रेजत) कम्पित होता है, वहाँ अन्वेषण करो ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में उपमालङ्कार है । जो मनुष्य विद्या के व्यवहार की सिद्धि के लिये क्रीड़ा करते हैं तथा मित्र होकर कार्य की सिद्धि करते हैं, वे सब प्रकार आनन्दित होते हैं ॥३॥

अन्वय: हे ऋष्टिमन्तो मरुतो ! यद्यूयं क्रीळथाऽऽपइव सध्र्यञ्चो धवध्वे वः स्वने पर्वतश्चिन्महि वृद्धो बिभाय दिवश्चित्सानु रेजत तत्रान्वेषणं कुरुत ॥३॥

पुनर्मनुष्यैः किं कर्त्तव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (पर्वतः) मेघः (चित्) इव (महि) महान् (वृद्धः) (बिभाय) बिभेति (दिवः) प्रकाशात् (चित्) (सानु) शिखरमिव (रेजत) कम्पते (स्वने) शब्दे (वः) युष्माकम् (यत्) यत्र (क्रीळथ) (मरुतः) मनुष्याः (ऋष्टिमन्तः) प्रशस्तविज्ञानवन्तः (आपइव) (सध्र्यञ्चः) सहाञ्चन्तः (धवध्वे) कम्पयध्वे ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्रोपमालङ्कारः । ये मनुष्या विद्याव्यवहारसिद्धये क्रीडन्ते तथा सखायो भूत्वा कार्य्यसिद्धिं कुर्वन्ति ते सर्वथाऽऽनन्दिता जायन्ते ॥३॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात उपमालंकार आहे. जी माणसे विद्येचा व्यवहार सिद्ध होण्यासाठी मनोरंजक कार्य करतात व मित्र बनून कार्य करतात ती सर्व प्रकारे आनंदित होतात. ॥ ३ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

वरा᳓ इवे᳓द् रैवता᳓सो हि᳓रण्यैर्
अभि᳓ स्वधा᳓भिस् तनु᳓वः पिपिश्रे
श्रिये᳓ श्रे᳓यांसस् तव᳓सो र᳓थेषु
सत्रा᳓ म᳓हांसि चक्रिरे तनू᳓षु

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
híraṇyaiḥ ← híraṇya- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:N, number:PL}

ít ← ít (invariable)

iva ← iva (invariable)

raivatā́saḥ ← raivatá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

varā́ḥ ← vará- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

abhí ← abhí (invariable)

pipiśre ← √piś- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

svadhā́bhiḥ ← svadhā́- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:F, number:PL}

tanvàḥ ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:F, number:PL}

rátheṣu ← rátha- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:PL}

śréyāṁsaḥ ← śréyaṁs- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

śriyé ← śrī́- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:F, number:SG}

tavásaḥ ← tavás- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

cakrire ← √kr̥- (root)
{number:PL, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:MED}

máhāṁsi ← máhas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:PL}

satrā́ ← satrā́ (invariable)

tanū́ṣu ← tanū́- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:F, number:PL}

व॒राःऽइ॑व । इत् । रै॒व॒तासः॑ । हिर॑ण्यैः । अ॒भि । स्व॒धाभिः॑ । त॒न्वः॑ । पि॒पि॒श्रे॒ ।
श्रि॒ये । श्रेयां॑सः । त॒वसः॑ । रथे॑षु । स॒त्रा । महां॑सि । च॒क्रि॒रे॒ । त॒नूषु॑ ॥

• varā ← varāḥ ← vara
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “suitor; groom; husband; Vara; lover.”

• ived ← iva
• [adverb]
• “like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

• ived ← id
• [adverb]
• “indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

• raivatāso ← raivatāsaḥ ← raivata
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “rich.”

• hiraṇyair ← hiraṇyaiḥ ← hiraṇya
• [noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
• “gold; jewelry; hiraṇya [word]; gold.”

• abhi
• [adverb]
• “towards; on.”

• svadhābhis ← svadhābhiḥ ← svadhā
• [noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
• “free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”

• tanvaḥ ← tanū
• [noun], accusative, plural, feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

• pipiśre ← piś
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “decorate.”

• śriye ← śrī
• [noun], dative, singular, feminine
• “mister; Ms.; Lakshmi; good fortune; well-being; magnificence; glory; beauty; Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa; dignity; power; śrī [word]; śrī; prosperity; auspiciousness.”

• śreyāṃsas ← śreyāṃsaḥ ← śreyas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “better; preferable.”

• tavaso ← tavasaḥ ← tavas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “strong; energetic.”

• ratheṣu ← ratha
• [noun], locative, plural, masculine
• “chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

• satrā
• [adverb]

• mahāṃsi ← mahas
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “greatness; festival; glory; reward; gladness.”

• cakrire ← kṛ
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

• tanūṣu ← tanū
• [noun], locative, plural, feminine
• “body; self; own(a); person; form.”

वराइव विवाहयोग्या युवान इव । ते यथा रैवतासः धनवन्तः हिरण्यैः हिरण्यमयैराभरणविशेषैः स्वधाभिः उदकैश्च तन्वः स्वीयानि शरीराणि अभि पिपिश्रे संयोजयन्ति अलंकुर्वन्ति तद्वदेते मरुतोऽपि रैवतासः धनवन्तः हिरण्यैः हिरण्यस्थानीयैर्विद्युदाख्यैराभरणैः स्वधाभिश्च तन्वः स्वीयानि शरीराणि पिपिश्रे । श्रिये शोभायै श्रेयांसः श्रेष्ठाः तवसः बलवन्तो मरुतः रथेषु सत्रा सत्यं सह वा तनूषु महांसि चक्रिरे कृतवन्तः । सर्वाभरणैरुदकैश्चोपेताः रथानधिष्ठाय शरीरेषु तेजांस्यधारयन्नित्यर्थः ॥

English translation:

“Like wealthy bridegrooms who have decorated their person ns with golden (ornaments) and purifying waters, so the noble and powerful Maruts, associated together in their chariots, have made great (preparation) in their several person ns for their embellishment.”

Just like wooers coming from wealth, with golden (ornaments) they have emblazoned their bodies through their own powers.
For splendor the very splendid ones, powerful on their chariots, all
together have furnished themselves marks of greatness on their bodies.

The “marks of greatness” of the published translation follows Renou’s “signes-de-grandeur”; máhāṃsi must refer to something that can be visible on their bodies.

They, like young suitors, sons of wealthy houses, have with their golden natures decked their bodies.
Strong on their cars, the lordly Ones, for glory, have set their splendours on their forms for ever.

Wie Freier aus reichem Hause haben sie mit Goldsachen, mit ihren Eigenheiten die Leiber verziert. Zur Schönheit haben die Schönsten, die Starken auf den Wagen ihre Herrlichkeiten allesamt an den Leibern angelegt.

Mit Goldgeschmeide schmückten sie die Leiber nach ihrer Art, wie reichgeborne Freier; Die prangenden, die starken legten Lichtglanz an ihre Wagen und an ihre Leiber.

Словно женихи из богатого дома, они украсили
(Свои) тела золотыми (предметами), обычными (для них).
Очень красивые, для красоты (эти) сильные (боги) на колесницах
Собрали вместе знаки величия, (как и) на (своих) телах.

• मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• भुरिक्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्य क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - जो (श्रेयांसः) अत्यन्त कल्याण की इच्छा करते हुए (तवसः) बलवान् गतिवाले (रैवतासः) पशुओं में हुए मनुष्य (वराइव) श्रेष्ठों के तुल्य (इत्) ही (हिरण्यैः) सुवर्ण तेज आदिकों से और (स्वधाभिः) अन्न आदिकों से (तन्वः) शरीरों को (पिपिश्रे) स्थूल अवयववाले करते हैं, और (श्रिये) लक्ष्मी के लिये (रथेषु) वाहनों और (तनूषु) शरीरों में (सत्रा) सत्य (महांसि) बड़े काम (अभि, चक्रिरे) करते हैं, वे भाग्यशाली होते हैं ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य के शरीर का आश्रय करके लक्ष्मी की इच्छा करते हैं, वे दारिद्र्य का नाश करते हैं ॥४॥

अन्वय: ये श्रेयाँसस्तवसो रैवतासो मनुष्या वराइवेद्धिरण्यैः स्वधाभिस्तन्वः पिपिश्रे। श्रिये रथेषु तनूषु सत्रा महांस्यभि चक्रिरे ते भाग्यशालिनो भवन्ति ॥४॥

पुनर्मनुष्याः किं कुर्युरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (वराइव) वरैस्तुल्याः (इत्) एव (रैवतासः) रेवतीषु पशुषु भवाः (हिरण्यैः) सुवर्णैस्तेज आदिभिः (अभि) (स्वधाभिः) अन्नादिभिः (तन्वः) शरीराणि (पिपिश्रे) स्थूलावयवानि कुर्वन्ति (श्रिये) लक्ष्म्यै (श्रेयांसः) अतिशयेन श्रेय इच्छन्तः (तवसः) बलिष्ठा गतिमन्तः (रथेषु) यानेषु (सत्रा) सत्यानि (महांसि) (चक्रिरे) कुर्वन्ति (तनूषु) शरीरेषु ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्यशरीरमाश्रित्य श्रियमन्विच्छन्ति ते दारिद्र्यं घ्नन्ति ॥४॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे शरीराच्या साह्याने समृद्धीची इच्छा करतात. ती दारिद्र्याचा नाश करतात. ॥ ४ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

अज्येष्ठा᳓सो अ᳓कनिष्ठास एते᳓
स᳓म् भ्रा᳓तरो वावृधुः सउ᳓भगाय
यु᳓वा पिता᳓ सुअ᳓पा रुद्र᳓ एषां
सुदु᳓घा पृ᳓श्निः सुदि᳓ना मरु᳓द्भ्यः

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ajyeṣṭhā́saḥ ← ajyeṣṭhá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

ákaniṣṭhāsaḥ ← ákaniṣṭha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

eté ← eṣá (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

bhrā́taraḥ ← bhrā́tar- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

sám ← sám (invariable)

saúbhagāya ← saúbhaga- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:N, number:SG}

vāvr̥dhuḥ ← √vr̥dh- (root)
{number:DU, person:3, mood:IND, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

eṣām ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:PL}

pitā́ ← pitár- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

rudráḥ ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

svápāḥ ← svápas- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

yúvā ← yúvan- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

marúdbhyaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:PL}

pŕ̥śniḥ ← pŕ̥śni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

sudínā ← sudína- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:N, number:PL}

sudúghā ← sudúgha- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:F, number:SG}

अ॒ज्ये॒ष्ठासः॑ । अक॑निष्ठासः । ए॒ते । सम् । भ्रात॑रः । व॒वृ॒धुः॒ । सौभ॑गाय ।
युवा॑ । पि॒ता । स्वपा॑ । रु॒द्रः । ए॒षा॒म् । सु॒ऽदुघा॑ । पृश्निः॑ । सु॒ऽदिना॑ । म॒रुत्ऽभ्यः॑ ॥

• ajyeṣṭhāso ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• ajyeṣṭhāso ← jyeṣṭhāsaḥ ← jyeṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

• akaniṣṭhāsa ← a
• [adverb]
• “not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

• akaniṣṭhāsa ← kaniṣṭhāsaḥ ← kaniṣṭha
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “worst; youngest.”

• ete ← etad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

• sam
• [adverb]
• “sam; together; together; saṃ.”

• bhrātaro ← bhrātaraḥ ← bhrātṛ
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “brother; bhrātṛ; relative.”

• vāvṛdhuḥ ← vṛdh
• [verb], plural, Perfect indicative
• “increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

• saubhagāya ← saubhaga
• [noun], dative, singular, neuter
• “well-being.”

• yuvā ← yuvan
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “young; youthful.”

• pitā ← pitṛ
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”

• svapā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• svapā ← apāḥ ← apas
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “work; deed.”

• rudra ← rudraḥ ← rudra
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• eṣāṃ ← eṣām ← idam
• [noun], genitive, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• sudughā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sudughā ← dughā ← dugha
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “yielding.”

• pṛśniḥ ← pṛśni
• [noun], nominative, singular, feminine
• “Pṛśni; beam.”

• sudinā ← su
• [adverb]
• “very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

• sudinā ← dinā ← dina
• [noun], accusative, plural, neuter
• “day; day; day of the week; one.”

• marudbhyaḥ ← marut
• [noun], dative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

अज्येष्ठासः अकनिष्ठासः परस्परं ज्येष्ठकनिष्ठभावरहिताः सहैवोत्पन्नाः समानबलाः एते मरुतः भ्रातरः परस्परं भ्रातृभूताः सन्तः सौभगाय सुभगत्वाय सं ववृधुः वर्धन्ते । युवा नित्यतरुणः स्वपाः शोभनकर्मा एषां मरुतां रुद्रः पिता सुदुघा सुष्ठु दोग्ध्री पृश्निः गोदेवता मातृभूता मरुद्भ्यः मरुदर्थं सुदिना शोभनदिनानि । अकुरुतामिति शेषः ॥

English translation:

“They are brothers, of whom no one is the elder, no one the younger, but who grew up together for their mutual prosperity; may their father, Rudra, ever youthful, the doer of good deeds, and Pṛṣṇi, (their mother), easy to be milked, grant favourable days for (the sake of) the Maruts.”

Without an oldest one, without a youngest, these brothers have grown strong together for good fortune.
Their father (was) the youth, the skillful Rudra, and Pr̥śni their
good-milking (mother); day-bright (are the days) for the Maruts.

The standard tr. (all ultimately deriving from Sāyaṇa.) take Rudra and Pṛśni as the joint subj. of a verb to be supplied (“prepared,” vel sim.), with sudínā as obj. (e.g., Geldner “Ihr … Vater … (und) … Pṛśni (haben) den Marut schöne Tage (bereitet)”). This seems unnec. The first part of this hemistich (through pṛ́śniḥ) seems simply to define the Maruts’ parentage: pitā́… rudráḥ is answered by pṛ́śniḥ; no ‘mother’ is necessary, because her role as their mother is virtually her only function in the RV and because the bahuvr. pṛ́śni-mātar- ‘having P. as their mother’, modifying the Maruts, is used three times by Śyāvāśva in this cycle (V.57.2, 3, 59.6). As for sudínā, it is used several times in the kind of nominal cl. envisioned in the published translation; cf. IV.4.7 víśvéd asmai sudínā … “All (days) (will be) day-bright for him”; VII.11.2 áhāny asmai sudínā bhavanti “for him the days become bright shining,” both with dat. as here.

The epithet sudúghā used of Pṛśni may be somewhat ironically meant. At least in VI.66 it is said that Pṛśni only once produced milk (vs. 1), that is, she milked out her sons the Maruts, but that she did not give milk to them (vs. 5).

None being eldest, none among them youngest, as brothers they have grown to happy fortune.
May their Sire Rudra, young and deft, and Prsni pouring much milk, bring fair days to the Maruts.

Ohne Ältesten, ohne Jüngsten sind diese Brüder zusammen aufgewachsen zum Glück. Ihr jugendlicher kunstreicher Vater Rudra und die gutmelke Prisni haben den Marut schöne Tage bereitet.

Zu hohem Glück erwuchsen sie als Brüder zugleich, es war kein ältester noch jüngster; Schön wirkend war ihr junger Vater, Rudra, den Maruts reich an Milch und freundlich Priçni.

Без старшего, без младшего эти
Братья выросли на счастье.
Их юный искусный отец Рудра
(и) легко доящаяся Пришни (приготовили) Марутам счастливые дни.

• मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्यों को कैसे होना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! जैसे (स्वपाः) श्रेष्ठ कर्म का अनुष्ठान करनेवाला (युवा) युवावस्थायुक्त और (रुद्रः) अन्यों को रुलानेवाला (पिता) पालक जन और (एषाम्) इन की (सुदुघा) उत्तम प्रकार मनोरथ को पूर्ण करनेवाली (सुदिना) सुन्दर दिन जिससे वह (पृश्निः) अन्तरिक्ष के सदृश बुद्धि (मरुद्भ्यः) मनुष्यों के लिये विद्यादि दान देती है, वैसे (अज्येष्ठासः) जेठेपन से रहित (अकनिष्ठासः) कनिष्ठपन से रहित (एते) ये (भ्रातरः) बन्धु जन (सौभगाय) श्रेष्ठ ऐश्वर्य्य होने के लिये (सम्, वावृधुः) बढ़ते हैं ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य पूर्ण युवावस्था में विद्याओं को समाप्त कर और सुशीलता को स्वीकार कर बहुत ही उत्तम हुए उत्तम स्वभावयुक्त स्त्रियों को विवाह द्वारा स्वीकार करके प्रयत्न करते हैं, वे ऐश्वर्य्य को प्राप्त होकर आनन्दित होते हैं ॥५॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यथा स्वपा युवा रुद्रः पितैषां सुदुघा सुदिना पृश्निर्मरुद्भ्यो मनुष्येभ्यो विद्यादिदानं ददाति तथाऽज्येष्ठासोऽकनिष्ठास एते भ्रातरः सौभगाय सं वावृधृः ॥५॥

पुनर्मनुष्यैः कथं भवितव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अज्येष्ठासः) ज्येष्ठभावरहिताः (अकनिष्ठासः) कनिष्ठभावमप्राप्ताः (एते) (सम्) (भ्रातरः) बन्धवः (वावृधुः) वर्धन्ते (सौभगाय) श्रेष्ठैश्वर्य्यस्य भावाय (युवा) (पिता) पालकः (स्वपाः) श्रेष्ठकर्मानुष्ठानः (रुद्रः) अन्येषां रोदयिता (एषाम्) (सुदुघा) सुष्ठु कामस्य प्रपूरिका (पृश्निः) अन्तरिक्षमिव बुद्धिः (सुदिना) उत्तमदिना (मरुद्भ्यः) वायुभ्यः ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्याः पूर्णयुवावस्थायां विद्याः समाप्य सुशीलतां स्वीकृत्यातीवोत्तमाः सन्तः सुशीलाः स्त्रियः स्वीकृत्य च प्रयतन्ते त ऐश्वर्य्यं प्राप्यानन्दिता भवन्ति ॥५॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे युवावस्थेत विद्येचे अध्ययन करून सुशीलतेने अत्यंत उत्तम स्वभावाच्या स्त्रियांशी विवाह करतात ती प्रयत्न करून ऐश्वर्य प्राप्त करतात व आनंदित होतात. ॥ ५ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - त्रिष्टुप्

य᳓द् उत्तमे᳓ मरुतो मध्यमे᳓ वा
य᳓द् वावमे᳓ सुभगासो दिवि᳓ ष्ठ᳓
अ᳓तो नो रुद्रा उत᳓ वा नु᳓ अस्य
अ᳓ग्ने वित्ता᳓द् धवि᳓षो य᳓द् य᳓जाम

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
madhyamé ← madhyamá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

uttamé ← uttamá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

vā ← vā (invariable)

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

avamé ← avamá- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

diví ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:LOC, gender:M, number:SG}

sthá ← √as- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

subhagāsaḥ ← subhága- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

vā ← vā (invariable)

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

asya ← ayám (pronoun)
{case:GEN, gender:M, number:SG}

átas ← átas (invariable)

naḥ ← ahám (pronoun)
{case:ACC, number:PL}

nú ← nú (invariable)

rudrāḥ ← rudrá- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

utá ← utá (invariable)

vā ← vā (invariable)

ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

havíṣaḥ ← havís- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:N, number:SG}

vittā́t ← √vid- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRF, voice:ACT}

yájāma ← √yaj- (root)
{number:PL, person:1, mood:SBJV, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

यत् । उ॒त्ऽत॒मे । म॒रु॒तः॒ । म॒ध्य॒मे । वा॒ । यत् । वा॒ । अ॒व॒मे । सु॒ऽभ॒गा॒सः॒ । दि॒वि । स्थ ।
अतः॑ । नः॒ । रु॒द्राः॒ । उ॒त । वा॒ । नु । अ॒स्य॒ । अग्ने॑ । वि॒त्तात् । ह॒विषः॑ । यत् । यजा॑म ॥

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• uttame ← uttama
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “best; excellent; highest; better; extreme; last; first; topmost; chief(a); higher; highest; maximal; uttama [word]; prevailing; finest.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• madhyame ← madhyama
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “intermediate; middle; average; second; average; adult; central; moderate; mean; center(a).”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• yad ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• vāvame ← vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• vāvame ← avame ← avama
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “avama [word]; bottom; last.”

• subhagāso ← subhagāsaḥ ← subhaga
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “beautiful; auspicious; beloved; fine-looking; fortunate; subhaga [word]; charming; pleasing; lucky.”

• divi ← div
• [noun], locative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• ṣṭha ← as
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

• ato ← atas
• [adverb]
• “now; therefore; then; from there; hence; consequently; then; hence; henceforth.”

• no ← naḥ ← mad
• [noun], genitive, plural
• “I; mine.”

• rudrā ← rudrāḥ ← rudra
• [noun], vocative, plural, masculine
• “Shiva; Rudra; eleven; rudra [word]; eleventh.”

• uta
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

• vā
• [adverb]
• “or; optionally; either.”

• nv ← nu
• [adverb]
• “now; already.”

• asyāgne ← asya ← idam
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

• asyāgne ← agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• vittāddhaviṣo ← vittāt ← vid
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

• vittāddhaviṣo ← haviṣaḥ ← havis
• [noun], genitive, singular, neuter
• “Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

• yad ← yat ← yad
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter
• “who; which; yat [pronoun].”

• yajāma ← yaj
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

हे मरुतः यूयं यदुत्तमे उत्कृष्टे उत्तम चरमे वा दिवि द्युलोके मध्यमे वा दिवि यद्वावमे दिवि हे सुभगासः स्थ भवथ । ‘त्रयो वा इमे त्रिवृतो लोकास्तिस्रो दिवः पृथिवी ’ इत्यादिश्रुतेर्द्युलोकस्य त्रैविध्यम् । अतः अस्मात् स्थानत्रयात् नः अस्मदर्थं हे रुद्राः आगच्छतेति शेषः । उत वा अथवा नु अद्य यद्यजाम यद्धविः प्रक्षिपाम हे अग्ने त्वम् अस्य हविषः एतद्धविः वित्तात् विद्धि ।

English translation:

“Auspicious Maruts, whether you abide in the upper, the middle, or \the lower heaven, (come), Rudras, to us from thence; and do you, Agni, accept the oblation which this day we offer.”

If you are in the highest heaven, o Maruts, or in the middle one, or if you are in the lowest one, you of good fortune,
from there, o Rudras, or you now, o Agni, be cognizant of this oblation of ours, when we will perform sacrifice.

The second hemistich has a few complications. We can start with the utá vā: what is it conjoining? Geldner and Renou seem to take it as conjoining the vocc. rudrāḥ and ágne, and Klein (DGRV II.170) explicitly follows this interpr., though giving no other exx. of conjoined vocatives. But esp. given the various choices of place given in ab, conjoined by vā, the more natural reading is to assume it offers another alternative to átaḥ ‘from there’ in c; the most natural of those choices would be “or (from) here.” Witzel Gotō, by contrast, recognize that a choice of locations is what is probably meant, but have to supply the 2nd alternative complete: “von da aus … oder (von wo ihr euch) auch nun (befindet).” My solution may be too tricky to be acceptable, but I think the ‘here’ is implicit in the asya/asyá. First, note that the cross-pāda sandhi … asyā́gne … is compatible with either an unaccented or an accented gen. sg. pronoun. The Pp. takes it as the former, but if it is to be construed with havíṣaḥ in the next pāda, as the standard tr. (incl. the published translation) take it, as an adjective it should be accented (asyá). I do think it has an adjectival role with havíṣaḥ, but I also think this near-deictic is a substitute for an adverb of place like ihá or itás, and the possibility of non-accentuation is an indirect indication that it can also be taken independently of havíṣaḥ to express the potential location of the Rudras here and now on the ritual ground with Agni. I would slightly adjust the tr. to “from there, o Rudras, or (here and) now, o Agni, be cognizant …” The awkwardness of folding Agni into the Maruts’ actions is also on view in the next vs. I do not understand the presence of the future impv. vittā́t. Perhaps with Sāyaṇa. (… āgacchateti śeṣaḥ), we should supply a verb of motion that implicitly precedes the action of vittā́t: “from there (come here and) take cognizance …” The following hymn, V.61, gives some support to this scenario. In V.61.17 Night is ordered to carry off the speaker’s hymns to his patron, with an ordinary impv. párā vaha, while the flg. vs. contains a future impv. vocatāt (V.61.18) ordering her to speak for him once she gets there. It may also be that the future impv. was used here for convenience because the future impv. neutralizes number (also person, but that’s irrelevant here) and thus can be applicable both to the plural Rudras and the singular Agni. It’s accented because it follows an extrasentential voc. and therefore counts as being pāda-initial.

The standard tr. take yád as the neut. rel. prn. with havíṣ- as antecedent (“… the oblation that we sacrifice”), but √yaj never takes the offering as object, but rather the god who is the recipient. I therefore prefer to take yád as the subordinating conj.

Whether, O blessed Maruts, ye be dwelling in highest, midmost, or in lowest heaven,
Thence, O ye Rudras, and thou also, Agni, notice the sacrificial food we offer.

Ob ihr im höchsten oder im mittleren oder im untersten Himmel seid, ihr glücklichen Marut, so nehmet von dort, ihr Rudrasöhne oder du, Agni, Kunde davon, von der Opferspende, die wir weihen wollen!

Wenn ihr, o reiche Maruts, seid im höchsten, im mittlern oder auch im tiefsten Himmel, Von dort, o Rudra’s, kommt, und du auch Agni beachte diese Speise, die wir opfern.

Если на верхнем, о Маруты, или на среднем,
Или если на нижнем небе вы находитесь, о счастливые,
Оттуда, о Рудры, или же (ты), о Агни,
Узнайте о том жертвенном возлиянии, что мы приносим!

• मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्यों को परस्पर कैसे वर्त्तना चाहिये, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (सुभगासः) उत्तम ऐश्वर्य्यवाले और (रुद्राः) मध्यस्थ विद्वान् (मरुतः) मनुष्यो ! आप लोग (यत्) जिस (उत्तमे) उत्तम व्यवहार में (मध्यमे) मध्यस्थ व्यवहार में (वा) वा (अवमे) निकृष्ट व्यवहार में (यत्) जहाँ (वा) अथवा अन्यत्र निकृष्ट व्यवहार में (दिवि) शुद्ध व्यवहार में (स्थ) हूजिये वहाँ (अतः) इस कारण से (नः) हम लोगों को उत्तम व्यवहार में स्थापित कीजिये (उत, वा) और अथवा हे (अग्ने) अग्नि के सदृश प्रकाशित आत्मावाले ! (अस्य) इसके (वित्तात्) धन से और (हविषः) भोग करने योग्य से (यत्) जिसको (नु) निश्चय हम लोग (यजाम) प्रेरणा करें, वहाँ आप भी प्रेरणा करिये ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जो मनुष्य उत्तम, मध्यम और कनिष्ठ व्यवहारों में यथायोग्य वर्त्ताव करके उत्तम ऐश्वर्य्यवाले होते हैं, उनका सब लोग सत्कार करें ॥६॥

अन्वय: हे सुभगासो रुद्रा मरुतो ! यूयं यदुत्तमे मध्यमे वावमे यद्वान्यत्रावमे दिवि वा स्थ तत्रातो नोऽस्मानुत्तमे व्यवहारे स्थापयत। उत वा हे अग्नेऽस्य वित्ताद्धविषो यन्नु वयं यजाम तत्र त्वमपि यजस्व ॥६॥

पुनर्मनुष्यैः परस्परं कथं वर्त्तितव्यमित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (यत्) यत्र (उत्तमे) [उत्तमे] व्यवहारे (मरुतः) मनुष्याः (मध्यमे) मध्यस्थे (वा) (यत्) यत्र (वा) (अवमे) निकृष्टे (सुभगासः) उत्तमैश्वर्याः (दिवि) शुद्धे व्यवहारे (स्थ) भवत (अतः) अस्मात् कारणात् (नः) अस्मान् (रुद्राः) मध्यस्था विद्वांसः (उत) (वा) (नु) (अस्य) (अग्ने) पावकवत् प्रकाशितात्मन् (वित्तात्) (हविषः) भोक्तुमर्हात् (यत्) यम् (यजाम) प्रेरयेम ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - ये मनुष्या उत्तममध्यमकनिष्ठेषु व्यवहारेषु यथावद्वर्त्तित्वोत्तमैश्वर्या जायन्ते तान् सर्वे सत्कुर्य्युः ॥६॥

भावार्थभाषाः - जी माणसे उत्तम, मध्यम, कनिष्ठ व्यवहारात यथायोग्य वागून उत्तम ऐश्वर्यवान होतात त्यांचा सर्व लोकांनी सत्कार करावा. ॥ ६ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

अग्नि᳓श् च य᳓न् मरुतो विश्ववेदसो
दिवो᳓ व᳓हध्व उ᳓त्तराद् अ᳓धि ष्णु᳓भिः
ते᳓ मन्दसाना᳓ धु᳓नयो रिशादसो
वामं᳓ धत्त य᳓जमानाय सुन्वते᳓

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
agníḥ ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

ca ← ca (invariable)

marutaḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

viśvavedasaḥ ← viśvávedas- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

yát ← yá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

ádhi ← ádhi (invariable)

diváḥ ← dyú- ~ div- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

snúbhiḥ ← sā́nu- ~ snú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

úttarāt ← úttara- (nominal stem)
{case:ABL, gender:M, number:SG}

váhadhve ← √vah- (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IND, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

dhúnayaḥ ← dhúni- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

mandasānā́ḥ ← mandasāná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

riśādasaḥ ← riśā́das- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:PL}

té ← sá- ~ tá- (pronoun)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:PL}

dhatta ← √dhā- 1 (root)
{number:PL, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sunvaté ← √su- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

vāmám ← vāmá- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:N, number:SG}

yájamānāya ← √yaj- (root)
{case:DAT, gender:M, number:SG, tense:PRS, voice:MED}

अ॒ग्निः । च॒ । यत् । म॒रु॒तः॒ । वि॒श्व॒ऽवे॒द॒सः॒ । दि॒वः । वह॑ध्वे । उत्ऽत॑रात् । अधि॑ । स्नुऽभिः॑ ।
ते । म॒न्द॒सा॒नाः । धुन॑यः । रि॒शा॒द॒सः॒ । वा॒मम् । ध॒त्त॒ । यज॑मानाय । सु॒न्व॒ते ॥

• agniś ← agniḥ ← agni
• [noun], nominative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• ca
• [adverb]
• “and; besides; then; now; even.”

• yan ← yat
• [adverb]
• “once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

• maruto ← marutaḥ ← marut
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• viśvavedaso ← viśva
• [noun]
• “all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

• viśvavedaso ← vedasaḥ ← vedas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “knowledge.”

• divo ← divaḥ ← div
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

• vahadhva ← vahadhve ← vah
• [verb], plural, Present indikative
• “transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

• uttarād ← uttarāt ← uttara
• [noun], ablative, singular, masculine
• “northern; following; upper; additional; better; more(a); last; concluding; superior; later(a); uttara [word]; prevailing; future; left; northerly; northerly; higher; second; dominant; excellent; chief(a).”

• adhi
• [adverb]
• “on; from; accordingly.”

• ṣṇubhiḥ ← snubhiḥ ← snu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “back.”

• te ← tad
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

• mandasānā ← mandasānāḥ ← mand
• [verb noun], nominative, plural
• “rejoice; exhilarate.”

• dhunayo ← dhunayaḥ ← dhuni
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “deafening; boisterous; noisy.”

• riśādaso ← riśādasaḥ ← riśādas
• [noun], nominative, plural, masculine
• “superior; superior; proud.”

• vāmaṃ ← vāmam ← vāma
• [noun], accusative, singular, neuter

• dhatta ← dhā
• [verb], plural, Present imperative
• “put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

• yajamānāya ← yaj
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “sacrifice; worship; worship.”

• sunvate ← su
• [verb noun], dative, singular
• “press out; su.”

हे विश्ववेदसः सर्वस्य ज्ञातारो विश्वधना वा हे मरुतः यत् यूयं अग्निश्च दिवः द्युलोकात् उत्तरात उत्कृष्टतात् अधि उपरि स्नुभिः सानुभिरुपरिप्रदेशे वहध्वे उह्यध्वे । तत्र निवसथेत्यर्थः । यद्वा स्नुशब्देन तत्सदृशा अश्वा उच्यन्ते । तैर्वोह्यध्वे । ते यूयं मन्दसानाः मोदमाना अस्मदीयैः स्तोत्रैर्हविर्भिश्च धुनयः शत्रूणां कप्पयितारः रिशादसः अस्मद्धिंसकानामत्तारः सन्तः वामं वननीयं धनं धत्त दत्त यजमानाय सुन्वते अभिषवं कुर्वते ॥

English translation:

“Maruts, who are omniscient, since you and Agni abide above the summits of the upper (region) of the sky, do you who cause (your enemies) to tremble, and are the consumers of (our) foes, do you, being plural ased, bestow upon the sacrificer who offers you oblations desirable wealth.”

O Maruts, affording all possessions, and Agni too—when you (Maruts) drive yourselves from higher heaven along (its) backs,
exulting, boisterous—(all) you who have care for the stranger, establish a thing of value for the sacrificer who presses soma.

The first pāda, agníś ca yán maruto viśvavedasaḥ, is a particularly complex ex. of a reverse vā́yav índraś ca construction, with the subordinator yád placed, in modified Wackernagel’s Position, after the first term and a voc. adj. attached to the second. This sequence of three vss. (6-8) contains three different versions of the awkward pairing of singular and plural entities in a voc. phrase: vs. 6 with its independent non-adjacent vocc. rudrāḥ … ágne, this vā́yav índraś ca construction, and 8a ágne marúdbhiḥ with an instr. of accompaniment. Note that the adj.

viśvavedasaḥ, which, since it’s voc., should technically only modify the Maruts, is more commonly applied to Agni in the RV, and so he should probably be included in its domain.

The problematic epithet ríśādas- has already been discussed; see comm. ad I.2.7. As indicated there, the published translation weakly favors Thieme’s ‘caring for the stranger’ over Hoffmann’s ‘fastidious’. The original meaning is difficult to get to, because by either etymology (or any other one) the word would by this time be entirely opaque and, with no synchronic lexical anchoring, it would have been free to float semantically and get attached to other words secondarily. It is often used of the Ādityas, both collectively and individually, for whom ‘caring for the stranger’ is a quite congenial reading. But it is also, as here, often used of the Maruts, where it is not so good a fit. But generally when it is applied to the Maruts, it is either with reference to their benevolent and generous aspect (as here, where they are viśvavedasaḥ ‘affording all possessions’ and are urged vāmáṃ dhatta “establish a thing of value”) or is found nearby occurrences with the Ādityas (so here and V.61.16, with Mitra and/or Varuṇa V.64.1, 66.1, 67.2; cf. also I.186.8 riśā́daso mitrayújaḥ) or both (cf. Agni, the Ādityas, and the Maruts all as both viśvávedasaḥ and riśādasaḥ in VIII.27.4).

O Maruts, Lords of all, when Agni and when ye drive downward from sublimest heaven along the heights,
Shakers of all, rejoicing, slayers of the foe, give riches to the Soma-pressing worshipper.

Wenn Agni und ihr allwissenden Marut vom oberen Himmel über die Höhen fahret, so bringet, lustig, tosend, ihr Überlegenen, dem Opfernden, dem Somapressenden Gut!

Wenn Agni du und Maruts, ihr allwissenden, vom hohen Himmel fahret durch die Berge hin, Dann schenkt erfreut, o Stürmer, feindverzehrende, dem Opfernden, dem Somapresser reiches Gut.

Когда Агни и (вы), о Маруты всезнающие,
Едете с высшего неба через вершины,
Вы, веселящиеся, шумящие, о карающие врагов (?),
Наделите дорогим (подарком) заказчика (жертвы) (и) выжимающего (жреца!)

• मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• निचृत्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

फिर मनुष्य क्या करें, इस विषय को कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे मनुष्यो ! (यत्) जो (अग्निः) अग्नि के सदृश (विश्ववेदसः) सम्पूर्ण ऐश्वर्य्य से युक्त (दिवः) कामना करते हुए (रिशादसः) हिंसकों के नाश करनेवाले (मन्दसानाः) आनन्द करते हुए (धुनयः) दुष्टों के कम्पानेवाले (मरुतः) विचारशील मनुष्य आप लोग (सुन्वते) यज्ञ करने और (यजमानाय) पदार्थों के मेल करनेवाले जन के लिये (वामम्) प्रशंसा करने योग्य व्यवहार को (धत्त) धारण करो और (उत्तरात्) पीछे से (अधि) ऊपर के होने में (स्नुभिः) इच्छा वालों से प्रशंसा करने योग्य को (वहध्वे) प्राप्त हूजिये (ते, च) वे भी आप लोग सदा सब का उपकार करिये ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - इस मन्त्र में वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कार है । वे ही महात्मा हैं, जो सब के लिये सत्य को धारण करते हैं ॥७॥

अन्वय: हे मनुष्या ! यद्येऽग्निरिव विश्ववेदसो दिवो रिशादसो मन्दसानो धुनयो मरुतो यूयं सुन्वते यजमानाय वामं धत्त। उत्तरादधि ष्णुभिर्वामं वहध्वे ते च यूयं सदा सर्वानुपकुरुत ॥७॥

पुनर्मनुष्याः किं कुर्य्युरित्याह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्निः) पावक इव (च) (यत्) ये (मरुतः) मननशीला मानवाः (विश्ववेदसः) समग्रैश्वर्य्याः (दिवः) कामयमानाः (वहध्वे) प्राप्नुत (उत्तरात्) पश्चात् (अधि) उपरिभावे (स्नुभिः) इच्छावद्भिः (ते) (मन्दसानाः) आनन्दन्तः (धुनयः) दुष्टानां कम्पकाः (रिशादसः) हिंसकानां नाशकाः (वामम्) प्रशस्यम् (धत्त) (यजमानाय) सङ्गन्त्रे (सुन्वते) यज्ञकर्त्रे ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - अत्र वाचकलुप्तोपमालङ्कारः । त एव महात्मानः सन्ति ये सर्वार्थं सत्यं दधति ॥७॥

भावार्थभाषाः - या मंत्रात वाचकलुप्तोपमालंकार आहे. जे सर्वस्वी सत्य धारण करतात तेच महात्मे असतात. ॥ ७ ॥

• देवता - मरुतो मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• ऋषिः - श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• छन्दः - जगती

अ᳓ग्ने मरु᳓द्भिः शुभ᳓यद्भिर् ऋ᳓क्वभिः
सो᳓मम् पिब मन्दसानो᳓ गणश्रि᳓भिः
पवाके᳓भिर्+ विश्वमिन्वे᳓भिर् आयु᳓भिर्
वइ᳓श्वानर प्रदि᳓वा केतु᳓ना सजूः᳓

Strata
Cretic

Pāda-label
genre M
genre M
genre M
genre M

Morph
ágne ← agní- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

marúdbhiḥ ← marút- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ŕ̥kvabhiḥ ← ŕ̥kvan- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

śubháyadbhiḥ ← √śubh- (root)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

gaṇaśríbhiḥ ← gaṇaśrí- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

mandasānáḥ ← mandasāná- (nominal stem)
{case:NOM, gender:M, number:SG}

piba ← √pā- 2 (root)
{number:SG, person:2, mood:IMP, tense:PRS, voice:ACT}

sómam ← sóma- (nominal stem)
{case:ACC, gender:M, number:SG}

āyúbhiḥ ← āyú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

pāvakébhiḥ ← pāvaká- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

viśvaminvébhiḥ ← viśvaminvá- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:PL}

ketúnā ← ketú- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

pradívā ← pradív- (nominal stem)
{case:INS, gender:M, number:SG}

sajū́s ← sajū́s (invariable)

vaíśvānara ← vaiśvānará- (nominal stem)
{case:VOC, gender:M, number:SG}

अग्ने॑ । म॒रुत्ऽभिः॑ । शु॒भय॑त्ऽभिः । ऋक्व॑ऽभिः । सोम॑म् । पि॒ब॒ । म॒न्द॒सा॒नः । ग॒ण॒श्रिऽभिः॑ ।
पा॒व॒केभिः॑ । वि॒श्व॒म्ऽइ॒न्वेभिः॑ । आ॒युऽभिः॑ । वैश्वा॑नर । प्र॒ऽदिवा॑ । के॒तुना॑ । स॒ऽजूः ॥

• agne ← agni
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

• marudbhiḥ ← marut
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

• śubhayadbhir ← śubhayadbhiḥ ← śubhay ← √śubh
• [verb noun], instrumental, plural

• ṛkvabhiḥ ← ṛkvan
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “singing.”

• somam ← soma
• [noun], accusative, singular, masculine
• “Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

• piba ← pā
• [verb], singular, Present imperative
• “drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”

• mandasāno ← mandasānaḥ ← mand
• [verb noun], nominative, singular
• “rejoice; exhilarate.”

• gaṇaśribhiḥ ← gaṇaśri
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• pāvakebhir ← pāvakebhiḥ ← pāvaka
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
• “pure; purifying; pure; āgneya; clear; bright; bright.”

• viśvaminvebhir ← viśvaminvebhiḥ ← viśvaminva
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• āyubhir ← āyubhiḥ ← āyu
• [noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

• vaiśvānara
• [noun], vocative, singular, masculine
• “Agni; fire; Vaiśvānara; Vaiśvānara; sacrificial fire; sun.”

• pradivā ← pradiv
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “age-old; long.”

• ketunā ← ketu
• [noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
• “banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”

• sajūḥ ← sajūs
• [adverb]

हे अग्ने मरुद्भिः सह मन्दसानः सन् सोमं पिब । कीदृशैः मरुद्भिः। शुभयद्भिः शोभमानैरन्यान् शोभयद्भिर्वा ऋक्वभिः स्तुत्यैः गणश्रिभिः गणभावमाश्रयद्भिः पावकेभिः शोधकैः विश्वमिन्वेभिः विश्वं वृष्ट्या प्रणयद्भिः आयुभिः आयुष्मद्भिः। हे वैश्वानर विश्वनरहिताग्ने प्रदिवा पुराणेन केतुना ज्वालापुञ्जेन सजूः सहितः ॥ ॥ २५ ॥

English translation:

“Agni, drink the Soma-juice, rejoicing, along with the Maruts, resplendent, adorable, associated in troops, purifying all, animating and long-lived; drink, Vaiśvānara, who are identified with the ancient emblem (of flame).”

O Agni, with the Maruts, the versifiers in their beauty, drink the soma, you exulting along with those who are splendor in a flock,
along with the pure Āyus who set all in motion, o Vaiśvānara, along with your age-old beacon.

The published translation takes āyúbhiḥ in c as a PN (as often), thus identifying a separate group of co-soma-drinkers. The standard tr. take the instr. phrase in c as a further characterization of the Maruts, with āyú- as ‘langlebig’ (Geldner, Witzel Gotō), ‘vigilants’ (Renou). I now think this is the better course and would emend the tr. to “along with the pure, lively ones who set all in motion.”

O Agni, with the Maruts as they gleam and sing, gathered in troop, rejoicing drink the Soma juice;
With these the living ones who cleanse and further all, joined with thy banner, O Vaisvanara, from of old.

Agni! Trink lustig Soma mit den prunkenden lobsingenden Marut, der auserlesenen Schar, mit den läuternden, allbewegenden, langlebigen, o Vaisvanara, im Verein mit deinem langdauernden Lichtschein!

Trink Soma, Agni, freudig mit den leuchtenden, den jubelnden, den Maruts, die in Scharen gehn, Den flammenden, den all erfreunden, emsigen, o Männerhort, vereint mit Licht von Alters her.

О Агни, вместе с блистающими Марутами, поющими гимны,
Прекрасными в (своей) толпе, пей сому, радуясь,
Вместе с очищающими, все приводящими в движение, живыми,
О Вайшванара, единый со (своим) сиянием, длящимся от века!

• मरुतो वाग्निश्च
• श्यावाश्व आत्रेयः
• विराट्त्रिष्टुप्
• धैवतः

अब विद्वानों की सेवा करना अगले मन्त्र में कहते हैं ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - हे (अग्ने) विद्वन् ! (गणश्रिभिः) समुदाय की लक्ष्मियों से (मन्दसानः) आनन्द करता हुआ (प्रदिवा) अत्यन्त प्रकाशवाली (केतुना) बुद्धि के साथ (सजूः) तुल्य प्रीति को सेवनेवाले (वैश्वानर) सब में मुख्य आप (शुभयद्भिः) उत्तम आचरण करनेवाले (ऋक्वभिः) सत्कार करने योग्य (पावकेभिः) पवित्र (विश्वमिन्वेभिः) सम्पूर्ण संसार के व्यवहार को प्राप्त कराते हुए (आयुभिः) जीवनों में (मरुद्भिः) मनुष्यों के साथ (सोमम्) बड़ी औषधियों के रस का (पिब) पान करिये ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्यों की योग्यता है कि सदा यथार्थवक्ता विद्वानों के साथ मिलकर विद्या, अवस्था और बुद्धि को बढ़ाकर औषध के सदृश आहार और विहार को करके उत्तम आचरण सर्वदा करें ॥८॥ इस सूक्त में वायु, अग्नि और विद्वान् के गुण वर्णन करने से इस सूक्त के अर्थ की इस से पूर्व सूक्तार्थ के साथ सङ्गति जाननी चाहिये ॥ यह साठवाँ सूक्त और पच्चीसवाँ वर्ग समाप्त हुआ ॥

अन्वय: हे अग्ने ! गणश्रिभिर्मन्दसानः प्रदिवा केतुना सजूर्वैश्वानर त्वं शुभयद्भिर्ऋक्वभिः पावकेभिर्विश्वमिन्वेभिरायुभिर्मरुद्भिः सह सोमं पिब ॥८॥

अथ विद्वत्सेवनमाह ॥

पदार्थान्वयभाषाः - (अग्ने) विद्वन् (मरुद्भिः) मनुष्यैः (शुभयद्भिः) शुभमाचरद्भिः (ऋक्वभिः) सत्कर्त्तव्यैः (सोमम्) महौषधिरसम् (पिब) (मन्दसानः) आनन्दन् (गणश्रिभिः) समुदायलक्ष्मीभिः (पावकेभिः) पवित्रैः (विश्वमिन्वेभिः) सर्वं जगद्व्यवहारं प्रापयद्भिः (आयुभिः) जीवनैः (वैश्वानर) विश्वेषु सर्वेषु नायक (प्रदिवा) प्रकृष्टप्रकाशवता (केतुना) प्रज्ञया सह (सजूः) समानप्रीतिसेवी ॥८॥

भावार्थभाषाः - मनुष्याणां योग्यतास्ति सदाऽऽप्तैर्विद्वद्भिस्सह सङ्गत्य विद्यायुः प्रज्ञा वर्धयित्वौषधवदाहारविहारौ च विधाय शुभाचरणं सर्वदा कुर्युरिति ॥८॥ अत्र वाय्वग्निविद्वद्गुणवर्णनादेतदर्थस्य पूर्वसूक्तार्थेन सह सङ्गतिर्वेद्या ॥ इति षष्टितमं सूक्तं पञ्चविंशो वर्गश्च समाप्तः ॥

भावार्थभाषाः - माणसांनी सदैव विद्वानांच्या साह्याने विद्या, आयुष्य व बुद्धी वाढवून औषधींप्रमाणे आहारविहार करून सदैव उत्तम आचरण करावे. ॥ ८ ॥